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【漢紀三十二】起旃蒙作噩，盡柔兆閹茂，凡二年。
【Han Records 32】 From the first year of the Zhanmeng cycle through the last year of the Rouzhao cycle—two years in all.
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世祖光武皇帝上之上
The Founding Emperor Guangwu — Upper Part 1, First Section.
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1春，正月，方望與安陵人弓林共立前定安公嬰為天子，聚黨數千人，居臨涇。 更始遣丞相松等擊破，皆斬之。
1. In spring, in the first month, Fang Wang and Gong Lin of Anling jointly enthroned the former Duke of Ding'an, Liu Ying, as emperor; they gathered several thousand followers and encamped at Linjing. The Gengshi Emperor sent Chancellor Song and others to rout them; all were beheaded.
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2鄧禹至箕關，擊破河東都尉，進圍安邑。
2. Deng Yu reached Jiguan Pass, routed the Hedong commandant, and advanced to besiege Anyi.
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3赤眉二部俱會弘農。 更始遣討難將軍蘇茂拒之； 茂軍大敗。 赤眉眾遂大集，乃分萬人為一營，凡三十營。 三月，更始遣丞相松與赤眉戰於蓩鄉，松等大敗，死者三萬餘人。 赤眉遂轉北至湖。
3. The two divisions of the Red Eyebrows united at Hongnong. The Gengshi Emperor sent Pacify-Difficulty General Su Mao to resist them; Su Mao's army was routed. The Red Eyebrows then massed in force, organizing ten thousand men per camp—thirty camps in all. In the third month the Gengshi Emperor sent Chancellor Song against the Red Eyebrows at Maoxiang; Song was routed and more than thirty thousand men were killed. The Red Eyebrows then turned north toward Hu.
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4蜀郡功曹李熊說公孫述宜稱天子。 夏，四月，述即帝位，號成家，改元龍興； 〔以〕李熊為大司徒乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同。 《後漢書．公孫述傳》同，據補。，述弟光為大司馬，恢為大司空。 越巂任貴據郡降述。
4. Li Xiong, merit-clerk of Shu Commandery, urged Gongsun Shu to declare himself emperor. In summer, in the fourth month, Gongsun Shu took the throne, named his state Chengjia, and adopted the era name Longxing; the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;1 the Kong edition agrees; Zhang's collation agrees. His younger brother Guang became Grand Marshal and Hui Grand Minister of Works.2 Ren Gui of Yuexi held the commandery and submitted to Gongsun Shu.
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5蕭王北擊尤來、大槍、五幡於元氏，追至北平，連破之； 又戰於順水北，乘勝輕進，反為所敗。 王自投高岸，〔遇〕突騎王豐下馬授王乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同； 退齋校同。 《後漢書．光武帝紀》同，據補。，王僅而得免。 散兵歸保范陽。 軍中不見王，或云已〔歿〕( 殺) 殺) 章校「十二行本『殺』作『歿』； 乙十一行本同； 孔本同。」 《後漢書．光武帝紀》同，據改。，諸將不知所為，吳漢曰：「卿曹努力！ 王兄子在南陽，何憂無主！」 眾恐懼，數日乃定。 賊雖戰勝，而憚王威名，夜，遂引去。 大軍復進至安次乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同。 《後漢書．光武帝紀》此作「進」，今不改。，連戰，破之。 賊退入漁陽，所過虜掠。 強弩將軍陳俊言於王曰：「賊無輜重，宜令輕騎出賊前，使百姓各自堅壁以絕其食，可不戰而殄也。」 王然之，遣俊將輕騎馳出賊前，視人保壁堅完者，敕令固守； 放散在野者，因掠取之。 賊至，無所得，遂散敗。 王謂俊曰：「困此虜者，將軍策也。」
5. The Prince of Xiao marched north against Youlai, Daqiang, and Wufan at Yuanshi, pursued them to Beiping, and defeated them in succession; he fought again north of the Shun River; pressing his advantage too boldly, he was routed in turn. the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;3 the Kong edition agrees; Zhang's collation agrees; Tui Zhai's collation agrees. The prince barely escaped with his life.4 The scattered troops fell back to defend Fanyang. The prince could not be found in camp; some said he had already 〔perished〕( been killed) been killed) Zhang's collation: "In the twelve-line edition 'killed' reads 'perished'; the Yi eleven-line edition agrees; the Kong edition agrees." The "Annals of Emperor Guangwu" in the Book of the Later Han agrees; amended accordingly. The generals were at a loss. Wu Han said, "Gentlemen, do your utmost! The prince's nephew sits in Nanyang—why fear we lack a leader?" The army was terrified; several days passed before order returned. Though the rebels had won, they feared the prince's renown; that night they withdrew. the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;5 the Kong edition agrees; Zhang's collation agrees. The "Annals of Emperor Guangwu" reads "advance" here; the text is left unchanged. They fought repeatedly and routed the enemy. The rebels fell back into Yuyang, plundering as they went. Powerful Crossbow General Chen Jun told the prince, "The rebels carry no baggage. Send light cavalry ahead of them and order the people to fortify their walls and cut off their supplies—you can destroy them without a battle." The prince agreed and sent Chen Jun with light cavalry racing ahead of the enemy; wherever he found villages with strong defenses, he ordered them to hold firm; whatever grain lay in the open fields he seized for the army. When the rebels arrived they found nothing and broke apart in defeat. The prince told Chen Jun, "To have trapped these foes was your stratagem."
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6馮異遺李軼書，為陳禍福，勸令歸附蕭王； 軼知長安已危，而以伯升之死，心不自安，乃報書曰：「軼本與蕭王首謀造漢，今軼守洛陽，將軍鎮孟津，俱據機軸，千載一會，思成斷金。 唯深達蕭王，願進愚策以佐國安民。」 軼自通書之後，不復與異爭鋒，故異得北攻天井關，拔上黨兩城，又南下河南成皋以東十三縣，降者十餘萬。 武勃將萬餘人攻諸畔者，異與戰於士鄉下，大破，斬勃； 軼閉門不救。 異見其信效，具以白王。 王報異曰：「季文多詐，人不能得其要領。 今移其書告守、尉當警備者。」 眾皆怪王宣露軼書； 朱鮪聞之，使人刺殺軼，由是城中乖離，多有降者。
6. Feng Yi wrote to Li Yi, laying out fortune and ruin and urging him to submit to the Prince of Xiao; Li Yi knew Chang'an was doomed, yet Liu Xiu's brother's death left him uneasy. He replied, "I first plotted with the Prince of Xiao to restore Han. Now I hold Luoyang while you garrison Mengjin—we both grip the empire's pivot. Such a meeting comes once in a thousand years; let us forge a bond that will not break. Convey my words faithfully to the prince; I wish to offer humble counsel to aid the realm and comfort the people." After this exchange Li Yi ceased fighting Feng Yi, who marched north against Tianjing Pass, took two cities in Shangdang, then swept south through thirteen counties east of Chenggao in Henan—more than a hundred thousand submitted. Wu Bo led more than ten thousand men against the defectors; Feng Yi met him at Shixiang, routed his force, and beheaded Wu Bo; Li Yi shut his gates and would not rescue him. Feng Yi, seeing this proof of good faith, reported everything to the prince. The prince replied, "Jiwen is treacherous; no one can read his true intent. Now circulate his letter and warn every garrison commander to stand alert." All marveled that the prince had exposed Li Yi's letter; Zhu Wei heard of it and had Li Yi assassinated; the city split apart and many defected.
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朱鮪聞王北征而河內孤，乃遣其將蘇茂、賈彊將兵三萬餘人渡鞏河，攻溫； 鮪自將數萬人攻平陰以綴異。 檄書至河內，寇恂即勒軍馳出，並移告屬縣，發兵會溫下。 軍吏皆諫曰：「今洛陽兵渡河，前後不絕。 宜待眾軍畢集，乃可出也。」 恂曰：「溫，郡之籓蔽，失溫則郡不可守。」 遂馳赴之。 旦日，合戰，而馮異遣救及諸縣兵適至，恂令士卒乘城鼓噪大呼，言曰：「劉公兵到！」 蘇茂軍聞之，陳動。 恂因奔擊，大破之。 馮異亦渡河擊朱鮪，鮪走； 異與恂追至洛陽，環城一匝而歸。 自是洛陽震恐，城門晝閉。
Zhu Wei, learning the prince had marched north leaving Henei exposed, sent Su Mao and Jia Qiang with more than thirty thousand men across the Gong River to attack Wen; Zhu Wei himself led tens of thousands against Pingyin to tie down Feng Yi. When the dispatch reached Henei, Kou Xun mustered his troops at once, notified the subordinate counties, and raced to Wen with every man he could raise. His officers all urged caution: "Luoyang's troops are crossing the river in an unbroken stream. We should wait until every force has assembled before we march out." Kou Xun said, "Wen is this commandery's shield; lose Wen and Henei cannot be held." He raced to its relief. At dawn the armies clashed; Feng Yi's relief force and the county levies arrived just then. Kou Xun ordered his men onto the walls to drum and shout, "Lord Liu's army is here!" Su Mao's ranks wavered at the cry. Kou Xun charged and routed them. Feng Yi crossed the river as well and struck Zhu Wei, who fled; Feng Yi and Kou Xun pursued to Luoyang, circled the walls once, and withdrew. From that day Luoyang trembled; the gates stayed shut even in daylight.
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異、恂移檄上狀，諸將入賀，因上尊號。 將軍南陽馬武先進曰：「大王雖執謙退，奈宗廟社稷何！ 宜先即尊位，乃議征伐。 今此誰賊而馳騖擊之乎？」 王驚曰：「何將軍出此言！ 可斬也！」 乃引軍還薊。 復遣吳漢率耿弇、景丹等十三將軍追尤來等，斬首萬三千餘級，遂窮追至浚靡而還。 賊散入遼西、遼東，為烏桓、貊人所鈔擊略盡。
Feng Yi and Kou Xun sent memorials reporting their victory; the generals came to congratulate the prince and pressed the exalted title upon him. General Ma Wu of Nanyang spoke first: "Your Highness clings to modesty, but what of the ancestral temples and the altars of state? Take the throne first, then plan your campaigns. Who are these foes that you still ride out to strike?" The prince started and said, "General He, how dare you speak so! You deserve execution!" He led his army back to Ji. He sent Wu Han with Geng Yan, Jing Dan, and twelve other generals—thirteen in all—to pursue Youlai and his band; they took more than thirteen thousand heads and chased them to Junmi before turning back. The rebels scattered into Liaoxi and Liaodong; the Wuhuan and Mo peoples raided them until scarcely any remained.
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都護將軍賈復與五校戰於真定，復傷瘡甚。 王大驚曰：「我所以不令賈復別將者，為其輕敵也。 果然，失吾名將！ 聞其婦有孕，生女邪，我子娶之； 生男邪，我女嫁之； 不令其憂妻子也。」 復病尋愈，追及王於薊，相見甚歡。
Protector-General Jia Fu fought the Five Commandants at Zhending and was gravely wounded. The prince was deeply alarmed and said, "I refused to let Jia Fu command a separate force because he is reckless before the enemy. As I feared—I have lost a great general! I hear his wife is with child. If she bears a daughter, my son shall marry her; if a son, my daughter shall marry him; he shall not grieve for wife or child." Jia Fu soon recovered, overtook the prince at Ji, and their reunion was joyful.
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還至中山，諸將復上尊號； 王又不聽。 行到南平棘，諸將復固請之； 王不許。 諸將且出，耿純進曰：「天下士大夫，捐親戚，棄土壤，從大王於矢石之間者，其計固望攀龍鱗，附鳳翼，以成其所志耳。 今大王留時逆眾，不正號位，純恐士大夫望絕計窮，則有去歸之思，無為久自苦也。 大眾一散，難可復合。」 純言甚誠切，王深感曰：「吾將思之。」
On the return to Zhongshan the generals again pressed the exalted title upon him; again he refused. At Nanpingji the generals pressed him again; again he refused. As the generals were leaving, Geng Chun stepped forward and said, "The scholars who abandoned kin and homeland to follow Your Highness through arrow and stone did so hoping to touch the dragon's scales and cling to the phoenix's wings—to fulfill their ambitions. Now you linger against the will of your followers and will not take the throne. I fear that when their hopes fail and their plans reach an end, they will think of leaving you. Do not torment yourself—and us—any longer. Once the great host scatters, it is hard to reunite." Chun's words were very sincere and earnest; the King was deeply moved and said: "I shall think on it."
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行至鄗，召馮異〔詣鄗〕乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同。 《後漢書．馮異傳》同，據補。，問四方動靜。 異曰：「更始必敗，宗廟之憂在於大王，宜從眾議！」 會儒生強華自關中奉《赤伏符》來詣王曰：「劉秀髮兵捕不道，四夷雲集龍鬬野，四七之際火為主。」 群臣因復奏請。 六月，己未，王即皇帝位于鄗南； 改元，大赦。
the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;6 Kong's edition agrees; Zhang's collation agrees. The Book of the Later Han, biography of Feng Yi, agrees; supplied on that authority. and asked about conditions in the four quarters. Yi said: "The Gengshi Emperor is certain to fail; the peril to the ancestral temple lies with you, Great King—you ought to follow the multitude's counsel!" It happened that the scholar Qiang Hua from within the passes presented the Red Talisman and came to the King, saying: "Liu Xiu raises troops to seize the lawless; the four barbarians gather like clouds, dragons contend in the wilds; at the juncture of four and seven, Fire is master." The ministers thereupon again memorialized and requested. In the sixth month, on the day jiwei, the King ascended the imperial throne south of Hao; he changed the era name and proclaimed a general amnesty.
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7鄧禹圍安邑，數月未下，更始大將軍樊參將數萬人度大陽，欲攻禹。 禹逆擊於解南，斬之。 王匡、成丹、劉均合軍十餘萬，復共擊禹，禹軍不利。 明日，癸亥，匡等以六甲窮日，不出，禹因得更治兵。 甲子，匡悉軍出攻禹。 禹令軍中無得妄動，既至營下，因傳發諸將，鼓而並進，大破之。 匡等皆走，禹追斬均及河東太守楊寶，遂定河東，匡等奔還長安。
Deng Yu besieged Anyi for several months without taking it; the Gengshi Emperor's Grand General Fan Can led several tens of thousands across Dayang, intending to attack Yu. Yu met and struck him south of Jie and beheaded him. Wang Kuang, Cheng Dan, and Liu Jun combined armies of more than a hundred thousand and again attacked Yu together; Yu's army fared badly. The next day, on the day guihai, Kuang and the others, because it was the last day of the six jia cycle, did not come out; Yu thereby was able to reorganize his troops. On the day jiazi, Kuang led out his entire army to attack Yu. Yu ordered that none in the army move rashly; when they had reached below the camp, he transmitted orders to the generals, drummed, and advanced together, routing them utterly. Kuang and the others all fled; Yu pursued and beheaded Liu Jun and Hedong Administrator Yang Bao, thereby pacified Hedong, and Kuang and the others fled back to Chang'an.
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張卬與諸將議曰：「赤眉旦暮且至，見滅不久，不如掠長安，東歸南陽； 事若不集，復入湖池中為盜耳！」 乃共入，說更始； 更始怒不應，莫敢復言。 更始使王匡、陳牧、成丹、趙萌屯新豐，李松軍槁，以拒赤眉。 張卬、廖湛、胡殷、申屠建與隗囂合謀，欲以立秋日貙膢時共劫更始，俱成前計。 更始知之，託病不出，召張卬等入，將悉誅之，唯隗囂稱疾不入，會客王遵、周宗等勒兵自守。 更始狐疑不決，卬、湛、殷疑有變，遂突出。 獨申屠建在，更始斬建，使執金吾鄧曄將兵圍隗囂第。 卬、湛、殷勒兵燒門，入戰宮中，更始大敗。 囂亦潰圍，走歸天水。 明旦，更始東奔趙萌於新豐。 更始復疑王匡、陳牧、成丹與張卬等同謀，乃並召入； 牧、丹先至，即斬之。 王匡懼，將兵入長安，與張卬等合。
Zhang Ang and the generals deliberated, saying: "The Red Eyebrows will arrive before long; our destruction is not far off—better to plunder Chang'an and return east to Nanyang; if the affair does not succeed, we can again take to the lake marshes and be bandits!" They then together entered and urged the Gengshi Emperor; The Gengshi Emperor was angry and did not assent; none dared speak again. The Gengshi Emperor sent Wang Kuang, Chen Mu, Cheng Dan, and Zhao Meng to garrison Xinfeng and Li Song's army at Gao to resist the Red Eyebrows. Zhang Ang, Liao Zhan, Hu Yin, Shentu Jian, and Wei Ao plotted together to seize the Gengshi Emperor on the day of Beginning of Autumn at the time of the autumn sacrifice and carry out their earlier plan. The Gengshi Emperor learned of it, pleaded illness and did not appear, summoned Zhang Ang and the others in, and was about to execute them all; only Wei Ao claimed illness and did not enter, while his guests Wang Zun, Zhou Zong, and others mustered troops to defend themselves. The Gengshi Emperor hesitated and could not decide; Ang, Zhan, and Yin suspected a trap and broke out. Only Shentu Jian remained; the Gengshi Emperor beheaded him and sent Bearer of the Mace Deng Ye to lead troops and besiege Wei's residence. Ang, Zhan, and Yin mustered troops, burned the gates, fought within the palace, and the Gengshi Emperor was utterly defeated. Ao also broke the siege and fled back to Tianshui. At dawn the next day, the Gengshi Emperor fled east to Zhao Meng at Xinfeng. The Gengshi Emperor again suspected Wang Kuang, Chen Mu, and Cheng Dan of plotting with Zhang Ang and the others and summoned them all in; Mu and Dan arrived first and were immediately beheaded. Wang Kuang was afraid, led troops into Chang'an, and joined Zhang Ang and the others.
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8赤眉進至華陰，軍中有齊巫，常鼓舞祠城陽景王，巫狂言：「景王大怒曰：『當為縣官，何故為賊！』」 有笑巫者輒病，軍中驚動。 方望弟陽說樊崇等曰：「今將軍擁百萬之眾，西向帝城，而無稱號，名為群賊，不可以久。 不如立宗室，挾義誅伐，以此號令，誰敢不從！」 崇等以為然，而巫言益甚。 前至鄭，乃相與議曰：「今迫近長安，而鬼神若此，當求劉氏共尊立之。」
The Red Eyebrows advanced to Huayin; in the army there was a Qi shaman who often drummed and danced in sacrifice to King Jing of Chengyang; the shaman raved, saying: "King Jing was greatly angered and said: 'You ought to serve as officials of the state—why act as bandits! Whoever laughed at the shaman immediately fell ill, and the army was shaken.' Fang Wang's younger brother Yang urged Fan Chong and the others, saying: "Now you hold a host of a million men and face west toward the imperial city, yet have no title—you are called a band of thieves; this cannot last. Better to establish a member of the imperial clan, take righteousness as your banner for punitive campaigns, and with such a command—who would dare not follow!" Chong and the others agreed, but the shaman's words grew ever stronger. When they advanced to Zheng, they deliberated together, saying: "Now we press close to Chang'an, and the spirits are thus—we ought to seek out the Liu clan and together honor and establish one."
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先是，赤眉過式，掠故式侯萌之子恭、茂、盆子三人自隨。 恭少習《尚書》，隨樊崇等降更始於洛陽，復封式侯，為侍中，在長安。 茂與盆子留軍中，屬右校卒史劉俠卿，主牧牛。 及崇等欲立帝，求軍中景王後，得七十餘人，唯茂、盆子及前西安侯孝最為近屬。 崇等曰：「聞古者天子將兵稱上將軍。」 乃書札為符曰：「上將軍」。 又以兩空札置笥中，於鄭北設壇場，祠城陽景王，諸三老、從事皆大會。 列盆子等三人居中立，以年次探札，盆子最幼，後探，得符； 諸將皆稱臣，拜。 盆子時年十五，被發徙跣，敝衣赭汗，見眾拜，恐畏欲啼。 茂謂曰：「善臧符！」 盆子即齧折，棄之。 以徐宣為丞相，樊崇為御史大夫，逢安為左大司馬，謝祿為右大司馬，其餘皆列卿、將軍。 盆子雖立，猶朝夕拜劉俠卿，時欲出從牧兒戲； 俠卿怒止之，崇等亦不復候視也。
Earlier, when the Red Eyebrows passed through Shi, they seized and took along the former Marquis of Shi's sons Gong, Mao, and Penzi. Gong had studied the Documents in youth; he followed Fan Chong and the others in surrendering to the Gengshi Emperor at Luoyang, was again enfeoffed as Marquis of Shi, made Palace Attendant, and was in Chang'an. Mao and Penzi remained in the army under Right Column company clerk Liu Xiaqing, who was in charge of herding cattle. When Chong and the others wished to establish an emperor, they sought descendants of King Jing in the army and found more than seventy; only Mao, Penzi, and the former Marquis of Xi'an Xiao were closest in kinship. Chong and the others said: "We have heard that in antiquity when the Son of Heaven led troops he was styled supreme general." They then wrote on slips as talismans the words "supreme general." They also placed two blank slips in a box; north of Zheng they set up an altar, sacrificed to King Jing of Chengyang, and all the village elders and staff officers held a great assembly. They arrayed Penzi and the three others standing in the center; by order of age they drew slips—Penzi was youngest and drew last, and obtained the talisman; all the generals styled themselves subjects and bowed. Penzi was then fifteen, hair unbound and barefoot, in tattered clothes stained with red sweat; when he saw the multitude he bowed, afraid and on the verge of weeping. Mao said to him: "Guard the talisman well!" Penzi immediately bit it in two and threw it away. They made Xu Xuan Chancellor, Fan Chong Censor-in-Chief, Feng An Left Grand Marshal, Xie Lu Right Grand Marshal, and the rest were all ranked as ministers and generals. Though Penzi was established, he still morning and evening bowed to Liu Xiaqing and at times wished to go out and play with the herdboys; Xiaqing angrily stopped him, and Chong and the others also no longer attended him.
18
9秋，七月，辛未，帝使使持節拜鄧禹為大司徒，封酇侯，食邑萬戶； 禹時年二十四。 又議選大司空，帝以《赤伏符》曰「王梁主衛作玄武」，丁丑，以野王令王梁為大司空。 又欲以讖文用平狄將軍孫咸行大司馬，眾咸不悅。 壬午，以吳漢為大司馬。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the day xinwei, the Emperor sent an envoy bearing the staff of authority to appoint Deng Yu Grand Master of Works, enfeoff him as Marquis of Zan, with a fief of ten thousand households; Yu was then twenty-four years old. They again deliberated on selecting a Grand Minister of Works; because the Red Talisman says "Wang Liang masters Wei and acts as the Dark Warrior," on the day dingchou the Emperor made Ye County magistrate Wang Liang Grand Minister of Works. He also wished to use prophecy-text to employ Pacify-the-Di General Sun Xian as Grand Marshal; the multitude were all displeased. On the day renwu he made Wu Han Grand Marshal.
19
初，更始以琅邪伏湛為平原太守。 時天下兵起，湛獨晏然，撫循百姓。 門下督謀為湛起兵，湛收斬之。 於是吏民信向，平原一境賴湛以全。 帝徵湛為尚書，使典定舊制。 又以鄧禹西征，拜湛為司直，行大司徒事。 車駕每出征伐，常留鎮守。
Earlier, the Gengshi Emperor had made Fu Zhan of Langye Administrator of Pingyuan. At the time troops were rising throughout the empire; Zhan alone remained tranquil and comforted the common people. A gate-house supervisor plotted to raise troops for Zhan; Zhan seized and beheaded him. Thereupon officials and people trusted him; the whole territory of Pingyuan was preserved through Zhan. The Emperor summoned Zhan as Master of Writing and had him oversee and fix the old regulations. Also, because Deng Yu was campaigning west, he appointed Zhan Director of Integrity to act in Grand Master of Works affairs. Whenever the imperial carriage went on campaign, Zhan was regularly left to garrison and guard.
20
10鄧禹自汾陰渡河，入夏陽，更始左輔都尉公乘歙引其眾十萬，與左馮翊兵共拒禹於衙； 禹復破走之。
Deng Yu crossed the river from Fenyin and entered Xiayang; the Gengshi Emperor's Left Assistant Commandant Gongcheng Xi led his host of a hundred thousand and, together with Left Fengyi troops, resisted Yu at Ya; Yu again defeated them and drove them off.
21
宗室劉茂聚眾京、密間，自稱厭新將軍，攻下穎川、汝南，眾十餘萬人。 帝使驃騎大將軍景丹、建威大將軍耿弇、強弩將軍陳俊攻之。 茂來降，封為中山王。
The clansman Liu Mao gathered a host between Jing and Mi, styled himself Resist-the-New General, took Yingchuan and Runan, and mustered more than a hundred thousand. The Emperor sent Rapid Cavalry Grand General Jing Dan, Establish Authority Grand General Geng Yan, and Strong Crossbow General Chen Jun to attack him. Mao came and surrendered and was enfeoffed as King of Zhongshan.
22
11己亥，帝幸懷，遣耿弇、陳俊軍五社津，備滎陽以東； 使吳漢率建〔義〕( 議) 大將軍朱祜等十一將軍議) 大將軍朱祜等十一將軍此「建議」當作「建義」，據改。，圍朱鮪於洛陽。 八月，進幸河陽。
the Emperor visited Huai, sent the armies of Geng Yan and Chen Jun to Wushe Ford to guard east of Xingyang;7 and had Wu Han lead Establish-[Righteousness]( Purpose) Purpose)8 Grand General Zhu You and eleven other generals: this "Establish Purpose" should read "Establish Righteousness," emended on that authority. to besiege Zhu Wei at Luoyang. In the eighth month he advanced to Heyang.
23
12李松自槁引兵還，從更始與趙萌共攻王匡、張卬於長安。 連戰月餘，匡等敗走，更始徒居長信宮。
Li Song led his troops back from Gao, followed the Gengshi Emperor, and together with Zhao Meng attacked Wang Kuang and Zhang Ang in Chang'an. They fought continuously for more than a month; Kuang and the others were defeated and fled, and the Gengshi Emperor moved to Changxin Palace.
24
赤眉至高陵，王匡、張卬等迎降之，遂共連兵進攻東都門。 李松出戰，赤眉生得松。 松弟況為城門校尉，開門納之。 九月，赤眉入長安。 更始單騎走，從廚城門出。 式侯恭以赤眉立其弟，自系詔獄； 聞更始敗走，乃出，見定陶王祉。 祉為之除械，相與從更始於渭濱。 右輔都尉嚴本，恐失更始為赤眉所誅，即將更始至高陵，本將兵宿衛，其實圍之。 更始將相皆降赤眉，獨丞相曹竟不降，手劍格死。
The Red Eyebrows reached Gaoling; Wang Kuang, Zhang Ang, and the others came out to welcome and surrender to them, and together advanced to attack the Eastern Capital Gate. Li Song went out to fight; the Red Eyebrows captured him alive. Song's younger brother Kuang was Colonel of the City Gates and opened the gate to admit them. In the ninth month the Red Eyebrows entered Chang'an. The Gengshi Emperor fled alone on horseback and went out through the Kitchen City Gate. Marquis of Shi Gong, because the Red Eyebrows had established his younger brother, bound himself and entered the imperial prison; hearing that the Gengshi Emperor had been defeated and fled, then came out and met King of Dingtao Liu Zhi. Zhi removed his bonds and together they followed the Gengshi Emperor on the Wei bank. Right Assistant Commandant Yan Ben, fearing he would lose the Gengshi Emperor and be executed by the Red Eyebrows, immediately took him to Gaoling; Ben led troops to lodge and guard him—in fact he surrounded him. The Gengshi Emperor's generals and ministers all surrendered to the Red Eyebrows; only Chancellor Cao Jing did not surrender and was killed fighting hand to hand with his sword.
25
13辛未，詔封更始為淮陽王； 吏民敢有賊害者，罪同大逆； 其送詣吏者封列侯。
On the day xinwei an edict enfeoffed the Gengshi Emperor as King of Huaiyang; any official or commoner who dared harm him was guilty of the same crime as great treason; whoever delivered him to the authorities was enfeoffed as a ranked marquis.
26
14初，宛人卓茂，寬仁恭愛，恬蕩樂道，雅實不為華貌，行己在於清濁之間，自束髮至白首，與人未嘗有爭競，鄉黨故舊，雖行能與茂不同，而皆愛慕欣欣焉。 哀、平間為密令，視民如子，舉善而教，口無惡言，吏民親愛，不忍欺之。 民嘗有言部亭長受其米肉遺者，茂曰：「亭長為從汝求乎，為汝有事囑之而受乎，將平居自以恩意遺之乎？」 民曰：「往遺之耳。」 茂曰：「遺之而受，何故言邪？」 民曰：「竊聞賢明之君，使民不畏吏，吏不取民。 今我畏吏，是以遺之； 吏既卒受，故來言耳。」 茂曰：「汝為敝民矣！ 凡人所以群居不亂，異於禽獸者，以有仁愛禮義，知相敬事也。 汝獨不欲修之，寧能高飛遠走，不在人間邪！ 吏顧不當乘威力強請求耳。 亭長素善吏，歲時遺之，禮也。」 民曰：「苟如此，律何故禁之？」 茂笑曰：「律設大法，禮順人情。 今我以禮教汝，汝必無怨惡； 以律治汝，汝何所措其手足乎！ 一門之內，小者可論，大者可殺也。 且歸念之。」 初，茂到縣，有所廢置，吏民笑之，鄰城聞者皆蚩其不能。 河南郡為置守令； 茂不為嫌，治事自若。 數年，教化大行，道不拾遺； 遷京部丞，密人老少皆涕泣隨送。 及王莽居攝，以病免歸。 上即位，先訪求茂，茂時年七十餘。 甲申，詔曰：「夫名冠天下，當受天下重賞。 今以茂為太傅，封褒德侯。」
Earlier, Zhuo Mao of Wan was broad, benevolent, respectful, and loving, tranquil and easy and delighting in the Way, refined and solid without showy appearance; in conduct he stood between the clear and the turbid—from youth until white-haired old age he never quarreled with anyone; fellow villagers and old friends, though their conduct and ability differed from his, all loved and admired him gladly. Between the Ai and Ping reigns he was magistrate of Mi, regarded the people as children, promoted the good and taught them, and never spoke evil words; officials and people were affectionate toward him and could not bear to deceive him. The people once said that a district station chief had received gifts of grain and meat from them; Mao said: "Did the station chief ask it of you, or did you have some matter to entrust to him and therefore give it, or did he on his own in ordinary times give it out of kindness?" The people said, "We simply gave them as gifts in the past." Mao said, "You gave them and he accepted—why bring it up?" The people said, "I have heard that a worthy and enlightened ruler makes the people unafraid of officials and officials do not take from the people. Now I fear the official, and therefore I gave them; the official has in the end accepted them, and so I have come to report it." Mao said, "You are a benighted commoner! The reason people can live together without disorder and differ from birds and beasts is that they have benevolence, ritual, and righteousness and know how to respect and serve one another. You alone refuse to cultivate them—can you fly away and live apart from mankind?! The official surely ought not to use his power to force demands. The station chief has long been on good terms with the official; giving him seasonal gifts is proper courtesy." The people said, "If so, why does the law forbid it?" Mao laughed and said, "The law sets forth the great standard; ritual accords with human feeling. Now if I teach you by ritual, you will surely harbor no resentment; if I govern you by the law, where will you set hand or foot?! Within one household, the lesser offense may be argued, the greater may be punished with death. Go home for now and reflect on it." Earlier, when Mao reached the county he abolished and established various measures; officials and commoners laughed at him, and those in neighboring cities who heard of it all scoffed at his incompetence. Henan commandery set up a guardian and magistrate over him; Mao took no offense and governed affairs as before. After several years, instruction and transformation flourished, and no one picked up what was lost on the road; he was transferred to Director in the Capital Department, and old and young of Mi all wept and followed to see him off. When Wang Mang held the regency, he was dismissed on grounds of illness and returned home. When the Emperor took the throne, he first sought out Mao; Mao was then more than seventy. On jiashen an edict said, "One whose fame crowns all under Heaven ought to receive the realm's weightiest reward. Now Mao is made Grand Tutor and enfeoffed as Marquis of Praising Virtue."
27
臣光曰：孔子稱「舉善而教，不能則勸」，是以舜舉皋陶，湯舉伊尹，而不仁者遠，有德故也。 光武即位之初，群雄競逐，四海鼎沸，彼摧堅陷敵之人，權略詭辯之士，方見重於世，而獨能取忠厚之臣，旌循良之吏，拔於草萊之中，實諸群公之首，宜其光復舊物，享祚久長，蓋由知所先務而得其本原故也。
Sima Guang comments: Confucius praised "raise the good and teach; where one cannot, then exhort," and therefore Shun raised Gao Yao and Tang raised Yi Yin, and the unbenevolent kept their distance—because virtue was present. At the beginning of Guangwu's reign, rival heroes contended and the four seas seethed; men who shattered the hard and overran the foe and masters of stratagem and crafty debate were then valued in the world—yet he alone could take loyal and honest ministers, honor diligent and good officials, draw them from humble ranks, and place them at the head of all his lords. It is fitting that he restored the old patrimony and enjoyed the throne long—surely because he knew what to put first and grasped the root cause.
28
15諸將圍洛陽數月，朱鮪堅守不下。 帝以廷尉岑彭嘗為鮪校尉，令往說之。 鮪在城上，彭在城下，為陳成敗。 鮪曰：「大司徒被害時，鮪與共謀，又諫更始無遣蕭王北伐，誠自知罪深，不敢降！」 彭還，具言於帝。 帝曰：「舉大事者不忌小怨。 鮪今若降，官爵可保，況誅罰乎！ 河水在此，吾不食言！」 彭復往告鮪，鮪從城上下索曰：「必信，可乘此上。」 彭趣索欲上，鮪見其誠，即許降。 辛卯，朱鮪面縛，與岑彭俱詣河陽。 帝解其縛，召見之，復令彭夜送鮪歸城。 明旦，與蘇茂等悉其眾出降。 拜鮪為平狄將軍，封扶溝侯； 後為少府，傳封累世。
15. The generals besieged Luoyang for several months; Zhu Wei held firm and would not yield. The Emperor, because Director of Justice Cen Peng had once been Wei's commandant, ordered him to go and persuade him. Wei was on the wall and Peng below, setting forth the odds of success and failure. Wei said, "When the Grand Master of Works was killed, I joined in the plot, and I also remonstrated with the Gengshi Emperor against sending the Prince of Xiao north to campaign—I know my guilt is deep and dare not surrender!" Peng returned and reported fully to the Emperor. The Emperor said, "One who undertakes a great enterprise does not heed small resentments. If Wei now surrenders, rank and title can be preserved—how much more punishment! The Yellow River is here—I will not break my word!" Peng went again to tell Wei; Wei let a rope down from the wall and said, "If you are truly to be trusted, you may ascend by this." Peng hastened to seize the rope and climb; Wei, seeing his sincerity, at once agreed to surrender. On xinmao Zhu Wei came with his face bound and, together with Cen Peng, went to Heyang. The Emperor undid his bonds, summoned and received him, and again ordered Peng to escort Wei back to the city by night. At dawn the next day he and Su Mao and the others led out all their forces to surrender. Wei was appointed Pacify-the-Di General and enfeoffed as Marquis of Fugou; later he became Minister Steward, and the fief was transmitted through generations.
29
帝使侍御史河內杜詩安集洛陽。 將軍蕭廣縱兵士暴橫，詩敕曉不改，遂格殺廣。 還，以狀聞。 上召見，賜以棨戟，遂擢任之。
The Emperor sent Attendant Censor Du Shi of Henei to settle and pacify Luoyang. General Xiao Guang let his soldiers run violent and overbearing; Shi admonished him but he did not reform, and Shi thereupon killed Guang on the spot. On returning, he reported the matter in a memorial. The sovereign summoned him, bestowed a ceremonial halberd upon him, and thereupon promoted and employed him.
30
冬，十月，癸丑，車駕入洛陽，幸南宮，遂定都焉。
In winter, the tenth month, on guichou, the imperial carriage entered Luoyang, visited the Southern Palace, and thereupon made it the capital.
31
16赤眉下書曰：「聖公降者，封為長沙王； 過二十日，勿受。」 更始遣劉恭請降，赤眉使其將謝祿往受之。 更始隨祿，肉袒，上璽綬於盆子。 赤眉坐更始，置庭中，將殺之； 劉恭、謝祿為請，不能得，遂引更始出。 劉恭追呼曰：「臣誠力極，請得先死！」 拔劍欲自刎。 樊崇等遽共救止之。 乃赦更始，封為畏威侯。 劉恭復為固請，竟得封長沙王。 更始常依謝祿居，劉恭亦擁護之。
16. The Chimei issued a document, saying, "If the Sacred Lord surrenders, he shall be enfeoffed as King of Changsha; after twenty days pass, he will not be accepted." The Gengshi Emperor sent Liu Gong to request surrender; the Chimei sent their general Xie Lu to receive him. The Gengshi Emperor followed Lu, bared his torso, and presented the seal and cord to Penzi. The Chimei seated the Gengshi Emperor in the courtyard and were about to kill him; Liu Gong and Xie Lu pleaded for him but could not prevail, and thereupon led the Gengshi Emperor out. Liu Gong ran after them calling, "Your servant has truly exhausted his strength—may I be allowed to die first!" He drew his sword intending to kill himself. Fan Chong and the others hastily rescued and stopped him. They then pardoned the Gengshi Emperor and enfeoffed him as Marquis Who Fears Authority. Liu Gong pleaded again firmly, and in the end he was enfeoffed as King of Changsha. The Gengshi Emperor regularly lodged with Xie Lu, and Liu Gong also protected and supported him.
32
17劉盆子居長樂宮，三輔郡縣、營長遣使貢獻，兵士輒剽奪之，又數暴掠吏民，由是皆復固守。
17. Liu Penzi dwelt in Changle Palace; commanderies and counties of the Three Metropolises and camp chiefs sent envoys with tribute, but the soldiers repeatedly plundered it and again and again violently looted officials and commoners—whereupon all again held firm in defense.
33
百姓不知所歸，聞鄧禹乘勝獨克而師行有紀，皆望風相攜負以迎軍，降者日以千數，眾號百萬。 禹所止，輒停車拄節以勞來之，父老、童稚，垂發、戴白滿其車下，莫不感悅，於是名震關西。
The common people did not know where to turn; hearing that Deng Yu, riding victory and advancing alone, kept discipline in his army's march, they all at the mere report of his approach carried one another on their backs to welcome the army—surrenders numbered thousands daily, and the host was styled a million. Wherever Yu halted, he would stop his carriage, lean on his staff, and comfort and welcome them; elders and children, with hanging hair and white heads, filled the area beneath his carriage—none failed to be moved and pleased; thereby his fame shook Guanxi.
34
諸將豪傑皆勸禹徑攻長安，禹曰：「不然。 今吾眾雖多，能戰者少，前無可仰之積，後無轉饋之資； 赤眉新拔長安，財穀充實，鋒銳未可當也。 夫盜賊群居無終日之計，財穀雖多，變故萬端，寧能堅守者也！ 上郡、北地、安定三郡，土廣人稀，饒穀多畜，吾且休兵北道，就糧養士，以觀其敝，乃可圖也。」 於是引軍北至栒邑，所到，諸營保郡邑皆開門歸附。
The various generals and heroes all urged Yu to strike straight at Chang'an; Yu said, "It is not so. Now though our host is many, those who can fight are few; ahead there is no accumulated store to rely on, behind no resources for turning and supplying; the Chimei have newly taken Chang'an; wealth and grain are full, and their sharp edge cannot yet be faced. Bandits dwelling in a mass have no plan for a full day; though wealth and grain are many, changes are myriad—how could they hold firm for long! Shang, Beidi, and Anding—the three commanderies—have broad land and sparse people, abundant grain and many livestock; I shall for now rest the troops on the northern road, draw on grain to nourish the soldiers, watch for their exhaustion, and then we may act." Thereupon he led the army north to Xunyi; wherever he arrived, fortified camps, commanderies, and counties all opened their gates and submitted.
35
18上遣岑彭擊荊州群賊，下犨、葉等十餘城。
18. The Emperor sent Cen Peng to attack the bandit hosts of Jingzhou and took more than ten cities including Zuan and Ye.
36
19十一月，甲午，上幸懷。
19. In the eleventh month, on jiawu, the Emperor visited Huai.
37
20梁王永稱帝於睢陽。
20. Liu Yong of Liang again declared himself emperor at Suiyang.
38
21十二月，丙戌范《書》同，上還洛陽。
Fan Ye's History agrees, and the Emperor returned to Luoyang.9
39
22三輔苦赤眉暴虐，皆憐更始，欲盜出之； 張卬等深以為慮，使謝祿縊殺之。 劉恭夜往，收藏其屍。 帝詔鄧禹葬之於霸陵。 中郎將宛人趙熹將出武關，道遇更始親屬，皆裸跣饑困，熹竭其資糧以與之，將護而前。 宛王賜聞之，迎還鄉里。
22. The Three Metropolises suffered under Chimei violence and tyranny; all pitied the Gengshi Emperor and wished to steal him out; Zhang Yin and others were deeply troubled by this and had Xie Lu strangle him to death. Liu Gong went by night and gathered and stored his corpse. The Emperor ordered Deng Yu to bury him at Baling. Gentleman of the Palace Zhao Xi of Wan was about to go out through Wuguan; on the road he met the Gengshi Emperor's kin—all barefoot, hungry, and in distress; Xi exhausted his funds and grain to give them and escorted them forward. The King of Wan, Liu Ci, heard of it and welcomed them back to their native district.
40
23隗囂歸天水，復招聚其眾，興修故業，自稱西州上將軍。 三輔士大夫避亂者多歸囂，囂傾身引接，為布衣交； 以平陵范逡為師友，前涼州刺史河內鄭興為祭酒乙十一行本同； 孔本同。 未知誰是，今不改。，茂陵申屠剛、杜林為治書，馬援為綏德將軍，楊廣、王遵、周宗及平襄行巡、阿陽王捷、長陵王元為大將軍，安陵班彪之屬為賓客，由此名震西州，聞於山東。 馬援少時，以家用不足辭其兄況，欲就邊郡田牧。 況曰：「汝大才，當晚成。 良工不示人以朴，且從所好。」 遂之北地田牧。 常謂賓客曰：「丈夫為志，窮當益堅，老當益壯。」 後有畜數千頭，穀數萬斛，既而歎曰：「凡殖財產，貴其能賑施也，否則守錢虜耳！」 乃盡散於親舊。 聞隗囂好士，往從之。 囂其敬重，與決籌策。 班彪，稚之子也。
23. Wei Ao returned to Tianshui, again gathered his forces, revived his former enterprise, and styled himself Supreme General of the Western Provinces. Many scholar-officials of the Three Metropolises fleeing disorder came to Ao; Ao bent his person to receive them and made plain friendships; the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;10 Kong’s edition agrees.” which is correct is unknown; the text is not changed. , Maoling's Shentu Gang and Du Lin as Directors of Documents, Ma Yuan as Pacify-Virtue General, Yang Guang, Wang Zun, Zhou Zong, and Pingxiang's Xing Xun, Ayang's Wang Jie, and Changling's Wang Yuan as great generals, Anling's Ban Biao and his kind as retainers—thereby his fame shook the Western Provinces and was heard in Shandong. When Ma Yuan was young, because the household was short he took leave of his elder brother Kuang and wished to go to a frontier commandery for farming and herding. Kuang said, "You have great talent and ought to mature late. A skilled craftsman does not show people the raw timber—go for now as you wish." He thereupon went to Beidi for farming and herding. He often told his guests, "A man in setting his aim—when poor ought to grow firmer, when old ought to grow stronger." Later he had several thousand head of livestock and tens of thousands of hu of grain; then he sighed and said, "In general, amassing property is prized for the ability to relieve and give; otherwise one is merely a money-guarding bondsman!" He then distributed it all among kin and old friends. Hearing that Wei Ao loved scholars, he went to join him. Ao greatly respected him and settled plans and stratagems with him. Ban Biao was the son of Zhi.
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24初，平陵竇融累世仕宦河西，知其土俗，與更始右大司馬趙萌善，私謂兄弟曰：「天下安危未可知。 河西殷富，帶河為固，張掖屬國精兵萬騎，一旦緩急，杜絕河津，足以自守，此遺種處也！」 乃因萌求往河西。 萌薦融於更始，以為張掖屬國都尉。 融既到，撫結雄桀，懷輯羌虜，甚得其歡心。 是時，酒泉太守安定梁統、金城太守庫鈞、張掖都尉茂陵史苞、酒泉都尉竺曾、敦煌都尉辛肜，并州郡英俊，融皆與厚善。 及更始敗，融與梁統等計議曰：「今天下擾亂，未知所歸。 河西斗絕在羌、胡中，不同心戮力，則不能自守，權鈞力齊，復無以相率，當推一人為大將軍，共全五部，觀時變動。」 議既定，而各謙讓。 以位次，咸共推梁統； 統固辭，乃推融行河西五郡大將軍事。 武威太守馬期、張掖太守任仲並孤立無黨，乃共移書告示之，二人即解印綬去。 於是以梁統為武威太守，史苞為張掖太守，竺曾為酒泉太守，辛肜為敦煌太守。 融居屬國，領都尉職如故； 置從事，監察五郡。 河西民俗質樸，而融等政亦寬和，上下相親，晏然富殖。 修兵馬，習戰射，明烽燧，羌、胡犯塞，融輒自將與諸郡相救，皆如符要，每輒破之。 其後羌、胡皆震服親附，內郡流民避凶饑者歸之不絕。
24. Earlier, Pingling's Dou Rong's family had for generations served as officials in Hexi and knew its local customs; he was on good terms with the Gengshi Emperor's Right Grand Master of Works Zhao Meng and privately told his brothers, "The realm's safety or peril cannot yet be known. Hexi is rich and prosperous, girded by the river and secure; Zhangye Dependent State has ten thousand crack horsemen—if urgency comes, block the river crossings and it is enough for self-defense—this is a place to preserve one's line!" He thereupon through Meng requested to go to Hexi. Meng recommended Rong to the Gengshi Emperor, and he was made Commandant of Zhangye Dependent State. Once Rong had arrived, he soothed and bound bold champions, won over the Qiang and other tribes, and gained their hearts completely. At that time Jiuquan Administrator Liang Tong of Anding, Jincheng Administrator Ku Jun, Zhangye Commandant Shi Bao of Maoling, Jiuquan Commandant Zhu Ceng, and Dunhuang Commandant Xin Yin were all outstanding men of the Bing region, and Rong was on close terms with every one of them. When Gengshi fell, Rong deliberated with Liang Tong and others, saying, "The realm is in turmoil and no one knows where to turn. Hexi stands isolated among the Qiang and Hu; unless we unite in heart and strength we cannot hold our ground, and with powers and forces evenly matched none can lead the rest. We should choose one man as grand general, jointly preserve the five commanderies, and watch how the times change." Once the plan was settled, each man demurred. By rank in office, all together pushed Liang Tong; Tong firmly declined, and they then pushed Rong to act as grand general over Hexi's five commanderies. Wuwei Administrator Ma Qi and Zhangye Administrator Ren Zhong were both isolated without factions; they jointly sent a proclamation to them, and the two at once surrendered their seals and cords and departed. Thereupon Liang Tong was made Wuwei Administrator, Shi Bao Zhangye Administrator, Zhu Ceng Jiuquan Administrator, and Xin Yin Dunhuang Administrator. Rong remained in the dependent state and held his commandant's duties as before; he appointed attendants to oversee the five commanderies. Hexi's people were plain by custom, and Rong and the others governed leniently and mildly; superiors and inferiors drew close, and in peace the region grew prosperous. They trained horses and arms, practiced battle and archery, and kept the beacon fires clear; whenever the Qiang and Hu raided the passes Rong always led in person with the commanderies to the rescue, every move matched the plan, and each time he routed them. Afterward the Qiang and Hu were all awed into submission and drew near, and refugees from the inner commanderies fleeing disaster and famine came to them without cease.
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25王莽之世，天下咸思漢德，安定三水盧芳居左谷中，詐稱武帝曾孫劉文伯，云「曾祖母，匈奴渾邪王之姊也」。 常以是言誑惑安定間。 王莽末，乃與三水屬國羌、胡起兵。 更始至長安，征芳為騎都尉，使鎮撫安定以西。 更始敗，三水豪桀共立芳為上將軍、西平王，使使與西羌、匈奴結和親。 單于以為：「漢氏中絕，劉氏來歸，我亦當如呼韓邪立之，令尊事我。」 乃使句林王將數千騎迎芳兄弟入匈奴，立芳為漢帝，以芳弟程為中郎將，將胡騎還入安定。
25. In Wang Mang's age the realm all longed for Han's virtue; Lu Fang of Sanshui in Anding dwelt in Zuogu valley, falsely styled himself Emperor Wu's great-grandson Liu Wenbo, and said, "My great-grandmother was sister to the Xiongnu King who Surrendered with Good Faith." He constantly used this tale to deceive the people of Anding. At the end of Wang Mang's reign he raised troops with the Qiang and Hu of the Sanshui dependent state. When Gengshi reached Chang'an he summoned Fang as Cavalry Commandant and sent him to pacify Anding and the region west of it. When Gengshi fell, the bold leaders of Sanshui together enthroned Fang as Grand General and King Who Pacifies the West and sent envoys to ally in marriage with the Western Qiang and the Xiongnu. The chanyu thought, "Han is cut off in the middle; the Liu house has come to submit—I too should establish him as I did Huhanye and have him honor and serve me." He then sent the King of Goulin with several thousand horsemen to welcome Fang and his brothers into the Xiongnu, enthroned Fang as Han Emperor, made Fang's younger brother Cheng Central Palace Gentleman, and led Xiongnu cavalry back into Anding.
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26帝以關中未定，而鄧禹久不進兵，賜書責之曰：「司徒，堯也； 亡賊，桀也。 長安吏民遑遑無所依歸，宜以時進討，鎮慰西京，繫百姓之心。」 禹猶執前意，別攻上郡諸縣，更徵兵引穀，歸至大要。 積弩將軍馮愔、車騎將軍宗歆守栒邑，二人爭權相攻，愔遂殺歆，因反擊禹，禹遣使以聞。 帝問使人：「愔所親愛為誰？」 對曰：「護軍黃防。」 帝度愔、防不能久和，勢必相忤，因報禹曰：「縛馮愔者，必黃防也。」 乃遣尚書宗廣持節往降之。 後月餘，防果執愔，將其眾歸罪。 更始諸將王匡、胡殷、成丹等皆詣廣降，廣與東歸； 至安邑，道欲亡，廣悉斬之。
26. Because Guanzhong was not yet settled and Deng Yu had long failed to advance, the Emperor sent him a letter of reproach, saying, "The Minister of the Masses is Yao; the doomed bandits are Jie. Chang'an's officials and people are anxious with nowhere to turn; you should advance and campaign in season, pacify and comfort the western capital, and bind the people's hearts." Yu still held to his former plan, separately attacked the counties of Shang commandery, again levied troops and drew grain, and returned to Dayao. Stacked-Crossbow General Feng Yin and Chariots-and-Cavalry General Zong Xin guarded Xunyi; the two fought over power, Yin killed Xin, and turned to strike Yu; Yu sent an envoy to report it. The Emperor asked the envoy, "Whom does Yin love and favor?" He answered, "Protector of the Army Huang Fang." The Emperor reckoned Yin and Fang could not long remain at peace and would surely clash, and therefore replied to Yu, "Whoever binds Feng Yin will surely be Huang Fang." He then sent Masters of Writing Zong Guang bearing credentials to go and accept their surrender. More than a month later Fang indeed seized Yin and led his troops back to answer for the crime. Gengshi's generals Wang Kuang, Hu Yin, Cheng Dan, and others all came to Guang to surrender, and Guang went east with them; at Anyi they wished to flee on the road, and Guang beheaded them all.
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愔之叛也，引兵西向天水； 隗囂逆擊，破之於高平，盡獲其輜重。 於是禹承製遣使持節命囂為西州大將軍，得專制涼州、朔方事。
When Yin rebelled he led troops west toward Tianshui; Wei Xiao met and struck him, routed him at Gaoping, and took all his baggage train. Thereupon Yu, acting on the imperial edict, sent an envoy bearing credentials to appoint Xiao Western Province Grand General with full discretion over Liang and Shuofang affairs.
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27臘日，赤眉設樂大會，酒未行，群臣更相辯斗； 而兵眾遂各逾宮，斬關入，掠酒肉，互相殺傷。 衛尉諸葛稚聞之，勒兵入，格殺百餘人，乃定。 劉盆子惶恐，日夜啼泣，從官皆憐之。
27. On the La festival day the Red Eyebrows set music for a great assembly; before the wine was served the ministers argued and fought one another; then the soldiers each stormed the palaces, cut through the gates, plundered wine and meat, and killed and wounded one another. Commandant of the Guard Zhuge Zhi heard of it, drew troops in, and killed more than a hundred in the melee before order was restored. Liu Penzi was terrified and wept day and night; his attendants all pitied him.
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28帝遣宗正劉延攻天井關，與田邑連戰十餘合，延不得進。 及更始敗，邑遣使請降； 即拜為上黨太守。 帝又遣諫議大夫儲大伯持節徵鮑永； 永未知更始存亡，疑不肯從，收繫大伯，遣使馳至長安，詗問虛實。
28. The Emperor sent Director of the Imperial Clan Liu Yan to attack Tianjing Pass; he fought more than ten engagements in succession with Tian Yi and could not advance. When Gengshi fell, Yi sent an envoy to request surrender; he was at once appointed Shangdang Administrator. The Emperor also sent Remonstrance Grandee Chu Dabo bearing credentials to summon Bao Yong; Yong did not know whether Gengshi still lived, suspected the summons, and refused to obey; he seized and bound Dabo and sent an envoy galloping to Chang'an to learn the truth.
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29初，帝從更始在宛，納新野陰氏之女麗華。 是歲，遣使迎麗華與帝姊湖陽公主、妹寧平公主俱到洛陽； 以麗華為貴人。 更始西平王李通先娶寧平公主，上征通為衛尉。
29. At first, when the Emperor followed Gengshi at Wan, he took as wife Lady Yin Lihua of the Yin clan of Xinye. That year he sent an envoy to welcome Lihua, the Emperor's elder sister the Princess of Huyang, and his younger sister the Princess of Ningping, all together to Luoyang; he made Lihua Honored Lady. Gengshi's King Who Pacifies the West, Li Tong, had earlier married the Princess of Ningping; the Emperor summoned Tong as Commandant of the Guard.
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30初，更始以王閎為琅邪太守，張步據郡拒之。 閎諭降，得贛榆等六縣； 收兵與步戰，不勝。 步既受劉永官號，治兵於劇，遣將徇泰山、東萊、城陽、膠東、北海、濟南、齊郡，皆下之。 閎力不敵，乃詣步相見。 步大陳兵而見之。 怒曰：「步有何罪，君前見攻之甚！」 閎按劍曰：「太守奉朝命，而文公擁兵相拒。 閎攻賊耳，何謂甚邪！」 步起跪謝，與之宴飲，待為上賓，令閎關掌郡事。
30. At first Gengshi made Wang Hong Administrator of Langye; Zhang Bu held the commandery and refused him. Hong persuaded men to surrender and took Gan Yu and six other counties; he gathered troops and fought Bu but could not win. Bu, having received Liu Yong's titles and offices, drilled troops at Ju and sent generals to overrun Taishan, Donglai, Chengyang, Jiaodong, Beihai, Jinan, and Qi commandery; all submitted. Hong could not match his strength and went to meet Bu in person. Bu arrayed a great force of troops to receive him. Angry, he said, "What crime has Bu committed, that you earlier attacked me so fiercely!" Hong gripped his sword and said, "The Administrator obeys the court's command, while Lord Wen holds troops and resists. Hong attacks bandits—what do you call fierce!" Bu rose and knelt in apology, feasted with him, treated him as a chief guest, and put Hong in charge of the commandery's affairs at the passes.
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1春，正月，甲子朔，日有食之。
1. In spring, the first month, on the first day jiazi there was a solar eclipse.
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2劉恭知赤眉必敗，密教弟盆子歸璽綬，習為辭讓之言。 及正旦大會，恭先曰：「諸君共立恭弟為帝，德誠深厚！ 立且一年，殽亂日甚，誠不足以相成，恐死而無益，願得退為庶人，更求賢知，唯諸君省察！」 樊崇等謝曰：「此者崇等罪也。」 恭復固請，或曰：「此寧式侯事邪？」 恭惶恐起去。 盆子乃下床解璽綬，叩頭曰：「今設置縣官而為賊如故，四方怨恨，不覆信向，此皆立非其人所致。 願乞骸骨，避賢聖路！ 必欲殺盆子以塞責者，無所離死！」 因涕泣噓唏。 崇等及會者數百人，莫不哀憐之，乃皆避席頓首曰：「臣無狀，負陛下，請自今已後，不敢復放縱！」 因共抱持盆子，帶以璽綬； 盆子號呼，不得已。 既罷出，各閉營自守。 三輔翕然，稱天子聰明，百姓爭還長安，市裡且滿。 後二十餘日，復出，大掠如故。
2. Liu Gong knew the Red Eyebrows would surely fall; he secretly taught his younger brother Penzi to return the seal and cord and practiced words of yielding. At the New Year's great assembly Gong spoke first, "You gentlemen together enthroned my younger brother as emperor—your virtue is truly deep and great! He has reigned nearly a year, yet chaos grows worse daily—truly we cannot accomplish anything together, and I fear to die without benefit. I wish to withdraw and become a common man and seek the worthy and wise anew—only let you gentlemen reflect!" Fan Chong and others apologized, "This is Chong and others' crime." Gong again firmly requested; some said, "Is this surely the Marquis of Shi's affair?" Gong rose in terror and left. Penzi then came down from the bed, unfastened the seal and cord, kowtowed, and said, "Now we set up county officials yet act as bandits as before—the four quarters resent us and will not trust us again; all this comes from enthroning the wrong man. I beg to offer my bones and withdraw, clearing the road for the worthy and sage! If you must kill Penzi to answer for the blame, I have nowhere to flee from death!" He then wept and sobbed. Chong and the several hundred at the assembly all pitied him; they left their mats and kowtowed, saying, "Your subjects have failed Your Majesty—from now on we dare not run wild again!" They then together embraced Penzi and belted him with the seal and cord; Penzi cried out, unable to refuse. When the assembly ended they went out, and each closed his camp and held to himself. The Three Adjuncts united in praise, calling the Son of Heaven clear-sighted; the people vied to return to Chang'an until the markets were nearly full. After more than twenty days they again went out and plundered on a great scale as before.
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3〔刁〕( 刀) 子都為其部曲所殺刀) 子都為其部曲所殺據胡注改。，餘黨與諸賊會檀鄉，號檀鄉賊，寇魏郡、清河。 魏郡大吏李熊弟陸謀反城迎檀鄉，或以告魏郡太守穎川銚期，期召問熊，熊叩頭首服，願與老母俱就死。 期曰：「為吏儻不若為賊樂者，可歸與老母往就陸也！」 使吏送出城。 熊行，求得陸，將詣鄴城西門； 陸不勝愧感，自殺以謝期。 期嗟歎，以禮葬之，而還熊故職。 於是郡中服其威信。
3. [Diao]( Dao) Dao)11 Zi Du was killed by his own retainers—emended per Hu Zhu's note. ; the survivors joined other bandits at Tanxiang, styled themselves the Tanxiang bandits, and raided Wei and Qinghe commanderies. Li Xiong, a chief clerk of Wei commandery, had a younger brother Lu who plotted rebellion to open the city to the Tanxiang bandits; someone reported it to Wei Administrator Jiao Qi of Yingchuan; Qi summoned and questioned Xiong; Xiong kowtowed and confessed, wishing to go to death together with his old mother. Qi said, "If serving as a clerk is perhaps not as pleasant as serving as a bandit, you may return with your old mother and go join Lu!" He sent clerks to escort him out of the city. Xiong went, found Lu, and was about to take him to Ye's west gate; Lu could not bear the shame and killed himself to answer to Qi. Qi sighed in admiration, buried him with rites, and restored Xiong to his former post. Thereupon the commandery submitted to his prestige and authority.
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帝遣吳漢率王梁等九將軍擊檀鄉於鄴東漳水上，大破之，十餘萬眾皆降。 又使梁與大將軍杜茂將兵安輯魏郡、清河、東郡，悉平諸營保，三郡清靜，邊路流通。
The Emperor sent Wu Han leading Wang Liang and nine other generals to strike the Tanxiang bandits on the Zhang River east of Ye, routed them utterly, and more than a hundred thousand men all surrendered. He also sent Liang with Grand General Du Mao to lead troops and pacify Wei, Qinghe, and Dong commanderies, leveling all fortified camps; the three commanderies were clear and quiet and the border roads were open.
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4庚辰，悉封諸功臣為列侯； 梁侯鄧禹、廣平侯吳漢皆食四縣。 博士丁恭議曰：「古者封諸侯不過百里，強幹弱枝，所以為治也。 今封四縣，不合法制。」 帝曰：「古之亡國皆以無道，未嘗聞功臣地多而滅亡者也。」 陰鄉侯陰識，貴人之兄也，以軍功當增封，識叩頭讓曰：「天下初定，將帥有功者眾，臣托屬掖廷，仍加爵邑，不可以示天下。 此為親戚受賞，國人計功也。」 帝從之。 帝令諸將各言所樂，皆占美縣； 河南太守穎川丁綝獨求封本鄉。 或問其故，綝曰：「綝能薄功微，得鄉亭厚矣！」 帝從其志，封新安鄉侯。 帝使郎中魏郡馮勤典諸侯封事，勤差量功次輕重，國土遠近，地勢豐薄，不相逾越，莫不厭服焉。 帝以為能，尚書眾事皆令總錄之。 故事：尚書郎以令史久次補之，帝始用孝廉為尚書郎。
4. On the day gengchen all the merit ministers were enfeoffed as ranked marquises; Marquis of Liang Deng Yu and Marquis of Guangping Wu Han each drew revenue from four counties. Erudite Ding Gong remonstrated, "In antiquity enfeoffing feudal lords did not exceed a hundred li—strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches was how to govern. Now enfeoffing four counties does not accord with law and regulation." The Emperor said, "States of antiquity that perished all did so through lack of the Way—I have never heard of a merit minister perishing because his lands were many." Yinxiang Marquis Yin Shi, the Honored Lady's elder brother, by military merit ought to have his enfeoffment increased; Shi kowtowed and declined, "The realm is newly settled and many generals have merit; your subject relies on the palace harem and still receives added rank and fief—this cannot be shown to the realm. That would be kin receiving reward while the state's people reckon merit." The Emperor followed his counsel. The Emperor ordered the generals each to state what they preferred, and all chose fine counties; Ding Shen of Yingchuan, Grand Administrator of Henan, alone requested enfeoffment in his native district. When someone asked why, Shen said, "My ability is slight and my merit small—to obtain even a township would already be generous!" The Emperor followed his wish and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Xin'an district. The Emperor put Gentleman Feng Qin of Wei commandery in charge of enfeoffments for the princes; Qin weighed merit heavy and light, the distance of the fiefs, and whether the land was rich or poor—none overstepping another—and everyone was fully satisfied. The Emperor considered him capable and ordered him to oversee and record all Masters of Writing business. By precedent, Masters of Writing Gentlemen were drawn from long-serving clerks; the Emperor for the first time appointed Filial and Incorrupt candidates as Masters of Writing Gentlemen.
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5〔壬辰〕，起高廟于洛陽案正月甲子朔，不應有壬子，誤。 袁宏《後漢紀》( 以下簡稱袁《紀》) 作「壬辰」，為正月廿九日，據補。，四時合祀高祖、太宗、世宗； 建社稷于宗廟之右； 立郊兆于城南。
Since the first day of the first month was jiazi, there should not have been a renzi; this is an error.12 Yuan Hong's Hou Han ji ( hereinafter abbreviated as Yuan ji) has "renchen," the twenty-ninth day of the first month, which is adopted here as the correction. At the four seasons Gaozu, Taizong, and Shizong were worshipped together; the altars of soil and grain were built to the right of the ancestral temple; and the suburban precinct was established south of the city.
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6長安城中糧盡，赤眉收載珍寶，大縱火燒宮室、市裡，恣行殺掠，長安城中無復人行； 乃引兵而西，眾號百萬，自南山轉掠城邑，遂入安定、北地。 鄧禹引兵南至長安，軍昆明池，謁祠高廟，收十一帝神主，送詣洛陽； 因巡行園陵，為置吏士奉守焉。
6 Grain in Chang'an was exhausted; the Red Eyebrows loaded up treasures, set great fires in palace halls and market wards, and killed and plundered at will—no one walked the streets of Chang'an any longer; they then led troops west, their numbers claimed at a million; turning from the Southern Mountains they plundered walled cities and entered Anding and Beidi. Deng Yu led troops south to Chang'an, encamped at Kunming Pool, visited and sacrificed at the Gaozu temple, gathered the spirit tablets of the eleven emperors, and sent them to Luoyang; he then toured the park tombs and posted officials and soldiers to guard them.
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7真定王楊造讖記曰：「赤九之後，癭楊為主。」 楊病癭，欲以惑眾； 與綿曼賊交通。 帝遣騎都尉陳副、游擊將軍鄧隆徵之，楊閉城門不內。 帝復遣前將軍耿純持節行幽、冀，所過勞慰王、侯，密敕收楊。 純至真定，止傳捨，邀楊相見。 純，真定宗室之出也，故楊不以為疑，且自恃眾強，而純意安靜，即從官屬詣之； 楊兄弟並將輕兵在門外。 楊入，見純，純接以禮敬，因延請其兄弟皆入，乃閉閣，悉誅之，因勒兵而出。 真定震怖，無敢動者。 帝憐楊謀未發而誅，復封其子為真定王。
7 The Prince of Zhending, Yang, forged a prophecy saying, "After Red Nine, Goiter-Yang shall be lord." Yang suffered from goiter and wished thereby to delude the masses; and he communicated with the Mianman bandits. The Emperor dispatched Cavalry Commandant Chen Fu and Mobile Campaign General Deng Long against him; Yang shut the gates and would not admit them. The Emperor again sent Forward General Geng Chun bearing credentials through You and Ji, comforting kings and marquises along the way while secretly ordering him to seize Yang. Chun reached Zhending, stopped at the relay lodge, and invited Yang to meet. Chun was of Zhending's imperial clan, so Yang did not suspect him; moreover he relied on his own strength while Chun seemed calm, and Yang went with his officials to see him; Yang's brothers, each leading light troops, waited outside the gate. Yang entered and saw Chun; Chun received him with courtesy, then invited his brothers in as well; he shut the gate passage, executed them all, and led his troops out. Zhending was shaken with terror; none dared stir. The Emperor pitied that Yang had been executed before his plot erupted, and again enfeoffed his son as Prince of Zhending.
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8二月，己酉，車駕幸修武。
8 In the second month, on the day jiyou, the imperial carriage visited Xiuwu.
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9鮑永、馮衍審知更始已亡，乃發喪，出儲大伯等，封上印綬，悉罷兵，幅巾詣河內，帝見永，問曰：「卿眾安在？」 永離席叩頭曰：「臣事更始，不能令全，誠慚以其眾幸富貴，故悉罷之。」 帝曰：「卿言大。」 而意不悅。 既而永以立功見用，衍遂廢棄。 永謂衍曰：「昔高祖賞季布之罪，誅丁固之功； 今遭明主，亦何憂哉！」 衍曰：「人有挑其鄰人之妻者，其長者罵而少者報之。 後其夫死，取其長者。 或謂之曰：『夫非罵爾者邪？』 曰：『在人欲其報我，在我欲其罵人也！』 夫天命難知，人道易守，守道之臣，何患死亡！」
9 Bao Yong and Feng Yan learned that Emperor Gengshi was already dead; they held mourning, released Chu the Elder and others, sealed and submitted their seals and cords, disbanded all their troops, and came to Henei in plain dress. The Emperor saw Yong and asked, "Where are your troops?" Yong left his mat, kowtowed, and said, "I served Emperor Gengshi and could not preserve him—I would be ashamed to use his troops to seek fortune, and therefore disbanded them all." The Emperor said, "Your words are noble." But he was not pleased. Before long Yong was employed for his merit; Yan was then cast aside. Yong said to Yan, "In the past Gaozu pardoned Ji Bu's offense and executed Ding Gu for his merit; now that we have met a bright lord, what is there to worry about!" Yan said, "A man flirted with his neighbor's wife; the elder rebuked him while the younger repaid her favors. Later, when her husband died, she married the elder man. Someone said to her, 'Was not your husband the one who scolded you?' She said, 'When I was another man's wife I wanted him to repay me; as my own wife I wanted him to scold others!' Heaven's mandate is hard to know, but the human Way is easy to keep. For a minister who keeps the Way, what fear of death or ruin!"
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10大司空王梁屢違詔命，帝怒，遣尚書宗廣持節即軍中斬梁； 廣檻車送京師。 既至，赦之，以為中郎將，北守箕關。
10 Grand Minister of Works Wang Liang repeatedly disobeyed imperial orders; the Emperor was angry and dispatched Master of Writing Zong Guang bearing credentials to behead Liang in the army; Guang sent him to the capital in a caged cart. When he arrived, the Emperor pardoned him and made him Palace Gentleman, with him guarding Jiguan Pass to the north.
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11壬子，以太中大夫京兆宋弘為大司空。 弘薦沛國桓譚，為議郎、給事中。 帝令譚鼓琴，愛其繁聲。 弘聞之，不悅； 伺譚內出，正朝服坐府上，遣吏召之。 譚至，不與席而讓之，且曰：「能自改邪，將令相舉以法乎？」 譚頓首辭謝； 良久，乃遣之。 後大會群臣，帝使譚鼓琴。 譚見弘，失其常度。 帝怪而問之，弘乃離席免冠謝曰：「臣所以薦桓譚者，望能以忠正導主。 而令朝廷耽悅鄭聲，臣之罪也。」 帝改容謝之。
11 On the day renzi, Palace Counselor Song Hong of Jingzhao was made Grand Minister of Works. Hong recommended Huan Tan of Pei and had him made Counselor and Palace Attendant. The Emperor had Tan play the qin and loved his ornate music. Hong heard of this and was displeased; he waited until Tan had gone inside, put on his court dress, sat in his office, and sent an official to summon him. When Tan arrived, Hong gave him no seat but reproached him, saying, "Will you reform yourself, or shall I have the chancellor report you by law?" Tan kowtowed and apologized; only after a long while did he send him away. Later, at a great assembly of ministers, the Emperor had Tan play the qin. Tan saw Hong and lost his usual pitch. The Emperor wondered and asked; Hong left his mat, removed his cap, and apologized, saying, "I recommended Huan Tan hoping he could guide Your Majesty with loyalty and rectitude. Yet I have let the court indulge in wanton music—that is my crime." The Emperor changed expression and apologized to him.
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湖陽公主新寡，帝與共論朝臣，微觀其意。 主曰：「宋公威容德器，群臣莫及。」 帝曰：「方且圖之。」 後弘被引見，帝令主坐屏風後，因謂弘曰：「諺言『貴易交，富易妻，』人情乎？」 弘曰：「臣聞貧賤之知不可忘，糟糠之妻不下堂。」 帝顧謂主曰：「事不諧矣！」
The Princess of Huyang was newly widowed; the Emperor discussed court ministers with her, subtly observing her intent. The princess said, "Lord Song's imposing bearing and moral capacity—no minister matches him." The Emperor said, "I am just considering it." Later, when Hong was summoned for audience, the Emperor had the princess sit behind a screen and said to Hong, "The proverb says, 'In nobility one changes friends; in wealth one changes wives'—is that human nature?" Hong said, "I have heard that friends from poverty must not be forgotten, and the wife who shared the chaff-gruel does not leave the hall." The Emperor turned and said to the princess, "It will not work out!"
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12帝之討王郎也，彭寵發突騎以助軍，轉糧食，前後不絕，及帝追銅馬至薊，寵自負其功，意望甚高； 帝接之不能滿，以此懷不平。 及即位，吳漢、王梁，寵之所遣，並為三公，而寵獨無所加，愈怏怏不得志，歎曰：「如此，我當為王。 但爾者，陛下忘我邪！」
12 When the Emperor was attacking Wang Lang, Peng Chong sent shock cavalry to aid the army and transported grain without cease; when the Emperor pursued the Bronze Horses to Ji, Chong relied on his merit and his expectations were very high; the Emperor's reception could not satisfy him, and on this account he harbored resentment. When he took the throne, Wu Han and Wang Liang—men Chong had sent—were both made Three Excellencies, while Chong alone received nothing; he grew ever more discontent and sighed, "At this rate I ought to be king. As it is, has Your Majesty forgotten me!"
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是時北州破散，而漁陽差完，有舊鐵官，寵轉以貿穀，積珍寶，益富強。 幽州牧朱浮，年少有俊才，欲厲風跡，收士心，辟召州中名宿及王莽時故吏二千石，皆引置幕府，多發諸郡倉穀稟贍其妻子。 寵以為天下未定，師旅方起，不宜多置官屬以損軍實，不從其令。 浮性矜急自多，寵亦狠強，嫌怨轉積。 浮數譖構之，密奏寵多聚兵穀，意計難量。 上輒漏泄令寵聞，以脅恐之。 至是，有詔徵寵，寵上疏，願與浮俱徵； 帝不許。 寵益以自疑。 其妻素剛，不堪抑屈，固勸無受徵，曰：「天下未定，四方各自為雄。 漁陽大郡，兵馬最精，何故為人所奏，而棄此去乎！」 寵又與所親信吏計議，皆懷怨於浮，莫有勸行者。 帝遣寵從弟子後蘭卿喻之。 寵因留子後蘭卿，遂發兵反，拜署將帥，自將二萬餘人，攻朱浮於薊。 又以與耿況俱有重功，而恩賞並薄，數遣使〔要〕( 邀) 誘況邀) 誘況章校「作『邀』者刻誤。 十二行本正作『要』； 乙十一行本同； 孔本同。」 據改。。 況不受，斬其使。
At this time the northern provinces were broken and scattered, while Yuyang was comparatively intact; it had an old iron office, and Chong traded grain, amassed treasures, and grew ever wealthier and stronger. Youzhou Regional Governor Zhu Fu, young and talented, wished to sharpen his reputation and win scholars' hearts; he summoned renowned elders of the province and former Wang Mang-era officials at the two-thousand-bushel level, placed them all in his headquarters, and drew heavily from commandery granaries to provision their wives and children. Chong thought the realm was not yet settled and armies were just rising—it was inappropriate to place many officials and thereby drain military resources—and he did not obey Fu's orders. Fu was proud, hasty, and self-important; Chong was also fierce and strong, and their mutual resentment grew. Fu repeatedly slandered him and secretly memorialized that Chong had amassed troops and grain and his intentions were hard to gauge. The sovereign repeatedly leaked word for Chong to hear, to intimidate him. At this point an edict summoned Chong; Chong submitted a memorial asking to be summoned together with Fu; the Emperor did not permit it. Chong grew ever more suspicious. His wife was fierce by nature and could not bear restraint; she firmly urged him not to accept the summons, saying, "The realm is not settled; each quarter has its own champion. Yuyang is a great commandery with the finest troops—why let yourself be reported on and abandon this place!" Chong again consulted trusted officials; all bore resentment toward Fu, and none urged him to go. The Emperor sent Chong's younger clansman Hou Lanqing to instruct him. Chong detained Hou Lanqing's son, then raised troops in rebellion, appointed generals, and himself led more than twenty thousand men to attack Zhu Fu at Ji. Moreover, he and Geng Kuang had both rendered heavy service yet received thin rewards, and he repeatedly sent envoys to [summon] ( invite) invite)13 win over Kuang," textual collation: "Those reading 'invite' have a carving error. The twelve-line editions correctly read 'summon'; the Yi eleven-line edition agrees; Kong's edition agrees." Corrected accordingly. Kuang did not accept and beheaded his envoys.
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13延岑復反，圍南鄭。 漢中王嘉兵敗走。 岑遂據漢中，進兵武都； 為更始柱功侯李寶所破，岑走天水。 公孫述遣將侯丹取南鄭。 嘉收散卒得數萬人，以李寶為相，從武都南擊侯丹，不利，還軍河池、下辨，復與延岑連戰。 岑引北，入散關，至陳倉； 嘉追擊，破之。 公孫述又遣將軍任滿從閬中下江州，東據扞關，於是盡有益州之地。
13 Yan Cen rebelled again and besieged Nanzheng. The Prince of Hanzhong, Wang Jia, was defeated and fled. Cen then held Hanzhong and advanced into Wudu; He was defeated by Emperor Gengshi's Pillar of Merit Marquis Li Bao; Cen fled to Tianshui. Gongsun Shu sent his general Hou Dan to take Nanzheng. Jia gathered scattered troops to several tens of thousands, made Li Bao his chancellor, and struck Hou Dan south from Wudu; he fared ill, withdrew to Hechi and Xiabian, and fought Yan Cen again in succession. Cen withdrew north, entered Sans Pass, and reached Chencang; Jia pursued and attacked, routing them. Gongsun Shu again sent General Ren Man down from Langzhong to Jiangzhou, seized Hanguan in the east, and thereby held all of Yizhou.
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14辛卯范《書》同。 ，上還洛陽。
The Book of the Later Han agrees.14 , the emperor returned to Luoyang.
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15三月，乙〔酉〕( 未) 未) 三月癸亥朔，無乙未日，范《書》同。 袁《紀》作「乙酉」，查三月有乙酉日，為廿三日，據改。，大赦。
15. Third month, yi [you] ( wei) wei) The third month began on guihai; there was no yiwei day; the Book of the Later Han agrees. Yuan Ji's Annals has "yiyou"; checking the third month shows a yiyou day, the twenty-third—emended accordingly. , a general amnesty.
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16更始諸大將在南方未降者尚多。 帝召諸將議兵事，以檄叩地曰：「郾最強，宛為次，誰當擊之？」 賈復率然對曰：「臣請擊郾。」 帝笑曰：「執金吾擊郾，吾復何憂！ 大司馬當擊宛。」 遂遣復擊郾，破之； 尹尊降。 又東擊更始淮陽太守暴汜，汜降。
16. Many of Gengshi's great generals in the south who had not yet submitted remained. The emperor summoned the generals to discuss military affairs, struck the ground with a proclamation, and said, "Yan is strongest, Wan is next—who shall attack them?" Jia Fu impulsively replied, "Your servant requests to attack Yan." The emperor laughed and said, "With the Bearer of the Mace attacking Yan, what have I to worry about! The Grand Marshal shall attack Wan." He thereupon sent Jia Fu to attack Yan and routed them; Yin Zun surrendered. He again attacked east against Gengshi's Administrator of Huaiyang Bao Si; Bao Si surrendered.
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17夏，四月，虎牙大將軍蓋延督駙馬都尉馬武等四將軍擊劉永，破之； 遂圍永於睢陽。
17. In summer, the fourth month, Tusked-Gate Great General Gai Yan supervised Escort-of-Steeds Commandant Ma Wu and four other generals in attacking Liu Yong and routed them; they thereupon besieged Liu Yong at Suiyang.
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故更始將蘇茂反，殺淮陽太守潘蹇，據廣樂而臣於永； 永以茂為大司馬、淮陽王。
Former Gengshi general Su Mao rebelled, killed Administrator of Huaiyang Pan Jian, held Guangle, and submitted to Liu Yong; Liu Yong made Su Mao Grand Marshal and King of Huaiyang.
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18吳漢擊宛，宛王賜奉更始妻子詣洛陽降； 帝封賜為慎侯。 叔父良、族父歙、族兄祉皆自長安來。 甲午，封良為廣陽王，祉為城陽王； 又封兄縯子章為太原王，興為魯王； 更始三子求、歆、鯉皆為列侯。
18. Wu Han attacked Wan; King of Wan Liu Ci presented Gengshi's wife and children and came to Luoyang to surrender; the emperor enfeoffed Liu Ci as Marquis of Shen. Paternal uncle Liu Liang, clan uncle Liu Xin, and clan elder brother Liu Zhi all came from Chang'an. On jiawu, he enfeoffed Liu Liang as King of Guangyang and Liu Zhi as King of Chengyang; he also enfeoffed elder brother Liu Yan's son Liu Zhang as King of Taiyuan and Liu Xing as King of Lu; Gengshi's three sons Liu Qiu, Liu Xin, and Liu Li were all made ranked marquises.
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19鄧王王常降，帝見之甚歡，曰：「吾見王廷尉，不憂南方矣！」 拜為左曹，封山桑侯。
19. Deng Prince Wang Chang submitted; the emperor was very pleased to see him and said, "When I see Palace Commandant Wang, I need not worry about the south!" He appointed him Left Cao and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Shansang.
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20五月，庚辰，封族父歙為泗水王。
20. In the fifth month, on gengchen, he enfeoffed clan uncle Liu Xin as King of Sishui.
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21帝以陰貴人雅性寬仁，欲立以為後。 貴人以郭貴人有子，終不肯當。 六月，戊戌，立貴人郭氏為皇后，以其子彊為皇太子； 大赦。
21. The emperor, because Noble Consort Yin was by nature mild and generous, wished to make her empress. The noble lady, because Noble Consort Guo had a son, in the end would not accept the position. In the sixth month, on wuxu, he established Noble Lady Guo as empress and made her son Liu Qiang heir apparent; a general amnesty.
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22丙午，封泗水王子終為淄川王。
22. On bingwu, he enfeoffed King of Sishui's son Liu Zhong as King of Zichuan.
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23秋，賈復南擊召陵、新息，平之。 後部將殺人於穎川，穎川太守寇恂捕得，繫獄。 時尚草創，軍營犯法，率多相容，恂戮之於市。 復以為恥，還，過穎川，謂左右曰：「吾與寇恂並列將帥，而為其所陷，今見恂，必手劍之！」 恂知其謀，不欲與相見。 姊子谷崇曰：「崇，將也，得帶劍侍側。 卒有變，足以相當。」 恂曰：「不然，昔藺相如不畏秦王而屈於廉頗者，為國也。」 乃敕屬縣盛供具，儲酒醪，執金吾軍入界，一人皆兼二人之饌。 恂出迎於道，稱疾而還。 復勒兵欲追之，而吏士皆醉，遂過去。 恂遣谷崇以狀聞，帝乃征恂。 恂至，引見； 時賈復先在坐，欲起相避。 帝曰：「天下未定，兩虎安得私鬥！ 今日朕分之。」 於是並坐極歡，遂共車同出，結友而去。
23. In autumn, Jia Fu attacked south against Shaoling and Xixin and pacified them. A rear-department officer killed someone in Yingchuan; Administrator of Yingchuan Kou Xun captured him and imprisoned him. At the time the state was still being founded and army camps mostly tolerated one another's violations of the law; Kou Xun executed him in the market. Jia Fu took it as a disgrace; on his return he passed through Yingchuan and said to his attendants, "Kou Xun and I are fellow commanders, yet he has trapped me—if I see Kou Xun today I will surely run him through with my sword!" Kou Xun knew his plan and did not wish to meet him. His sister's son Gu Chong said, "Chong is also a commander and may carry a sword at your side. If trouble arises suddenly, I am enough to match him." Kou Xun said, "That is not so; in antiquity Lin Xiangru did not fear the King of Qin yet yielded to Lian Po—for the sake of the state." He thereupon ordered the subordinate counties to prepare abundant supplies, store wine, and when the Bearer of the Mace's army entered the border, each man was served a feast for two. Kou Xun went out to meet him on the road, claimed illness, and returned. Jia Fu reined his troops wanting to pursue, but the officers and soldiers were all drunk, so he passed on. Kou Xun sent Gu Chong to report the situation; the emperor thereupon summoned Kou Xun. When Kou Xun arrived, he was granted audience; at the time Jia Fu was already seated and wished to rise to avoid him. The emperor said, "The realm is not yet settled—how can two tigers fight in private! Today I divide between you." Thereupon they sat together in greatest pleasure, then rode out in the same carriage, became friends, and departed.
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24八月，帝自率諸將征五校。 丙辰，幸內黃，大破五校於羛陽，降其眾五萬人。
24. In the eighth month, the emperor himself led the generals in campaign against the Five Banners. On bingchen, he arrived at Neihuang and greatly routed the Five Banners at Yang, accepting the surrender of fifty thousand men.
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25帝遣游擊將軍鄧隆助朱浮討彭寵。 隆軍潞南，浮軍雍奴，遣吏奏狀。 帝讀檄，怒，謂使吏曰：「營相去百里，其勢豈可得相及！ 比若還，北軍必敗矣。」 彭寵果遣輕兵擊隆軍，大破之； 浮遠，遂不能救。
25. The emperor sent Mobile-Camp General Deng Long to assist Zhu Fu in attacking Peng Chong. Deng Long's army was at Lunan and Zhu Fu's at Yongnu; they sent clerks to memorialize the situation. The emperor read the dispatch, was angry, and said to the envoy clerk, "The camps are a hundred li apart—how could their forces possibly aid each other! By the time they return, the northern army is sure to be defeated." Peng Chong indeed sent light troops to strike Deng Long's army and routed them; Zhu Fu was far away and could not rescue.
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26蓋延圍睢陽數月，克之。 劉永走至虞，虞人反，殺其母、妻； 永與麾下數十人奔譙。 蘇茂、佼彊、周建合軍三萬餘人救永； 延與戰於沛西，大破之。 永、彊、建走保湖陵，茂奔還廣樂； 延遂定沛、楚、臨淮。
26. Gai Yan besieged Suiyang for several months and took it. Liu Yong fled to Yu; the people of Yu rebelled and killed his mother and wife; Liu Yong with several tens of his personal followers fled to Qiao. Su Mao, Jiao Qiang, and Zhou Jian united armies of more than thirty thousand to rescue Liu Yong; Gai Yan battled them west of Pei and routed them greatly. Liu Yong, Jiao Qiang, and Zhou Jian fled to hold Huling; Su Mao fled back to Guangle; Gai Yan thereupon pacified Pei, Chu, and Linhuai.
79
帝使太中大夫伏隆持節使青、徐二州，招降郡國。 青、徐群盜聞劉永破敗，皆惶怖請降。 張步遣其掾孫昱隨隆詣闕上書，獻鰒魚。 隆，湛之子也。
The emperor sent Palace Counsellor Fu Long bearing credentials as envoy to Qing and Xu to summon and receive the surrender of commanderies and states. Bandits in Qing and Xu, hearing Liu Yong was defeated, were all fearful and begged to submit. Zhang Bu sent his clerk Sun Yu to follow Fu Long to the capital to present a memorial and offer preserved fish. Fu Long was the son of Fu Zhan.
80
27堵鄉人董訢反宛城，執南陽太守劉驎。 揚化將軍堅鐔攻宛，拔之； 訢走還堵鄉。
27. Dong Xin of Duxiang rebelled at Wancheng and seized Administrator of Nanyang Liu Lin. Exaltation General Jian Tan attacked Wan and took it; Dong Xin fled back to Duxiang.
81
28吳漢徇南陽諸縣，所過多侵暴。 破虜將軍鄧奉謁歸新野，怒漢掠其鄉里，遂反，擊破漢軍，屯據淯陽，與諸賊合從。
28. Wu Han overran Nanyang's various counties; wherever he passed he largely plundered violently. Overthrow-the-Barbarians General Deng Feng paid a visit returning to Xinye, was angry that Wu Han had raided his home district, thereupon rebelled, struck and routed Wu Han's army, encamped at Yuyang, and joined in alliance with the various bandits.
82
29九月，壬戌，帝自內黃還。
29. In the ninth month, on renxu, the emperor returned from Neihuang.
83
30陝賊蘇況攻破弘農，帝使景丹討之。 會丹薨，征虜將軍祭遵擊弘農、柏華、蠻中賊，皆平之。
30. Su Kuang the bandit of Shaan attacked and took Hongnong; the emperor sent Jing Dan to attack him. When Jing Dan died, Campaign General Ji Zun attacked the Hongnong, Baihua, and Manzhong bandits and pacified them all.
84
31赤眉引兵欲西上隴，隗囂遣將軍楊廣迎擊，破之； 又追敗之於烏氏、涇陽間。 赤眉至陽城番須中，逢大雪，坑谷皆滿，士多凍死。 乃復還，發掘諸陵，取其寶貨。 凡有玉匣殮者，率皆如生，賊遂污辱呂后尸。 鄧禹遣兵擊之於郁夷，反為所敗。 禹乃出之雲陽。 赤眉復入長安。 延岑屯杜陵，赤眉將逢安擊之。 鄧禹以安精兵在外，引兵襲長安； 會謝祿救至，禹兵敗走。 延岑擊逢安，大破之，死者十餘萬人。
31. The Red Eyebrows led troops wishing to go west up the Long Road; Wei Ao sent General Yang Guang to meet and attack and routed them; he again pursued and defeated them between Wushi and Jingyang. The Red Eyebrows reached Yangcheng in the Fanxu region; they met great snow, gullies and ravines were all full, and many soldiers froze to death. They thereupon returned again, dug open the various tombs, and took their treasures. Wherever there were jade-casket burials, the corpses were all as if alive; the bandits thereupon violated and shamed Empress Lü's corpse. Deng Yu sent troops to strike them at Yuyi and in turn was defeated by them. Deng Yu thereupon withdrew to Yunyang. The Red Eyebrows again entered Chang'an. Yan Cen encamped at Duling; Red Eyebrows' general Feng An attacked him. Deng Yu, because Feng An's crack troops were abroad, led troops to raid Chang'an; when Xie Lu's rescue arrived, Deng Yu's army was defeated and fled. Yan Cen attacked Feng An and routed him greatly; more than a hundred thousand died.
85
廖湛將赤眉十八萬攻漢中王嘉； 嘉與戰於谷口，大破之，嘉手殺湛，遂到雲陽就穀。 嘉妻兄新野來歙，帝之姑子也。 帝令鄧禹招嘉，嘉因歙詣禹降。 李寶倨慢，禹斬之。
Liao Zhan led one hundred eighty thousand Red Eyebrows to attack King of Hanzhong Wang Jia; Wang Jia battled them at Gukou and routed them greatly; Jia personally killed Liao Zhan, then went to Yunyang to obtain grain. Wang Jia's wife's elder brother Laixi Lai Xin was the emperor's cousin by marriage. The emperor ordered Deng Yu to summon Wang Jia; Jia through Lai Xin went to Yu and submitted. Li Bao was arrogant and rude; Deng Yu beheaded him.
86
32冬，十一月，以廷尉岑彭為征南大將軍。 帝於大會中指王常謂群臣曰：「此家率下江諸將輔翼漢室，心如金石，真忠臣也！」 即日，拜常為漢忠將軍，使與岑彭率建義大將軍朱祜等七將軍討鄧奉、董訢。 彭等先擊堵鄉，鄧奉救之。 朱祜軍敗，為奉所獲。
32. In winter, the eleventh month, the emperor made Censor-in-Chief Cen Peng Campaign-in-the-South Great General. At a great assembly the Emperor pointed at Wang Chang and said to the ministers, "This family led the generals of the lower Yangtze in assisting the Han house; their hearts are like metal and stone—a true loyal minister!" That same day he appointed Wang Chang Loyal-to-Han General and ordered him, with Cen Peng, to lead Establish-the-Righteousness Grand General Zhu Hu and seven other generals against Deng Feng and Dong Xin. Peng and the others first attacked Du village; Deng Feng marched to relieve it. Zhu Hu's army was defeated and he was captured by Deng Feng.
87
33銅馬、青犢、尤來餘賊共立孫登為天子。 登將樂玄殺登，以其眾五萬餘人降。
33 The remnant bandits of Bronze Horse, Green Calf, and Youlai jointly made Sun Deng Son of Heaven. Sun Deng's general Yue Xuan killed him and surrendered with more than fifty thousand men.
88
34鄧禹自馮愔叛後，威名稍損，又乏糧食，戰數不利，歸附者日益離散。 赤眉、延岑暴亂三輔，郡縣大姓各擁兵眾，禹不能定。 帝乃遣偏將軍馮異代禹討之，車駕送至河南，敕異曰：「三輔遭王莽、更始之亂，重以赤眉、延岑之醜，元元塗炭，無所依訴。 將軍今奉辭討諸不軌，營〔堡〕( 保) 降者保) 降者章校「十二行本『保』作『堡』； 乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同。」 據改。，遣其渠帥詣京師； 散其小民，令就農桑； 壞其營壁，無使復聚。 征伐非必略地、屠城，要在平定安集之耳。 諸將非不健鬥，然好虜掠。 卿本能御吏士，念自修敕，無為郡縣所苦！」 異頓首受命，引而西，所至布威信，群盜多降。
34 After Feng Yin's rebellion, Deng Yu's prestige had faded somewhat; he also lacked provisions, battles went badly again and again, and those who had submitted drifted away day by day. The Red Eyebrows and Yan Cen ravaged the Three Metropolises; great clans in every commandery and county held private armies, and Yu could not pacify the region. The Emperor then sent Lieutenant General Feng Yi to replace Yu and campaign against them; the imperial carriage escorted him to Henan, where he charged Yi, "The Three Metropolises have suffered the disorders of Wang Mang and Gengshi, compounded by the atrocities of the Red Eyebrows and Yan Cen; the people are in ashes and have nowhere to turn. General, you now receive orders to campaign against the lawless; fortified camps [the cited text]( protect) protect)15 those who surrender—collation: the twelve-line edition reads "fortress" for "protect"; the Yi eleven-line edition agrees; Kong's edition agrees; Zhang's collation agrees. Emended accordingly. , send their chieftains to the capital; disperse the common people and have them return to farming; tear down their fortified camps and do not let them gather again. Campaigning need not seize territory and slaughter cities—the point is only to pacify and settle the people. The generals are not unable to fight, yet they love to plunder. You by nature can control officers and soldiers—mind to discipline yourself and do not afflict the commanderies and counties!" Feng Yi bowed, accepted the charge, and led his army west; wherever he went he spread authority and trust, and many bandits surrendered.
89
臣光曰：昔周人頌武王之德曰：「舖時繹思，我徂惟求定。」 言王者之兵志，在布陳威德安民而已。 觀光武之所以取關中，用是道也。 豈不美哉！
Sima Guang remarks: Formerly the Zhou praised King Wu's virtue, saying, "Profound was his thoughtful care; our going forth sought only stability." This means that the kingly army's aim is only to spread authority and virtue and settle the people. Seeing how Guangwu took Guanzhong, he used this same Way. Is it not admirable!
90
35又詔徵鄧禹還，曰：「慎毋與窮寇爭鋒！ 赤眉無穀，自當來東。 吾以飽待饑，以逸待勞，折棰笞之，非諸將憂也。 無得復妄進兵！」
35 The Emperor again issued an edict summoning Deng Yu back, saying, "Take care not to fight a cornered foe! The Red Eyebrows have no grain—they will come east on their own. We with full bellies await the hungry, with ease await the weary—a broken whip will flog them—this is no worry for the generals. Do not rashly advance troops again!"
91
帝以伏隆為光祿大夫，復使於張步，拜步東萊太守，并與新除青州牧、守、都尉俱東。 詔隆輒拜令、長以下。
The Emperor made Fu Long Grand Master of Splendor and again sent him to Zhang Bu, appointing Bu Administrator of Donglai; together with the newly appointed governor of Qing Province and the administrators and commandants, they all went east. An edict authorized Long to appoint magistrates, chiefs, and subordinates on the spot.
92
36十二月，戊午，詔宗室列侯為王莽所絕者，皆復故國。
36 In the twelfth month, on wuwu day, an edict restored to their former states all collateral princes and marquises whose lines Wang Mang had extinguished.
93
37三輔大饑，人相食，城郭皆空，白骨蔽野，遺民往往聚為營堡，各堅壁清野。 赤眉虜掠無所得，乃引而東歸，眾尚二十餘萬，隨道復散。 帝遣破奸將軍侯進等屯新安，建威大將軍耿弇等屯宜陽，以要其還路，敕諸將曰：「賊若東走，可引宜陽兵會新安； 賊若南走，可引新安兵會宜陽。」 馮異與赤眉遇於華陰，相拒六十餘日，戰數十合，降其將卒五千餘人。
37 The Three Metropolises suffered terrible famine; people ate one another; cities and towns stood empty; white bones covered the fields; survivors often gathered into fortified camps, each walling up and clearing the countryside. The Red Eyebrows raided but gained nothing; they then marched east in retreat, still more than two hundred thousand strong, scattering again along the way. The Emperor sent Smash-Treason General Hou Jin and others to hold Xinan and Established-Power Grand General Geng Yin and others to hold Yiyang, to block their return route, and charged the generals, "If the bandits flee east, draw the Yiyang troops to join at Xinan; if they flee south, draw the Xinan troops to join at Yiyang." Feng Yi met the Red Eyebrows at Huayin; they faced each other for more than sixty days, fought several dozen engagements, and induced more than five thousand of their officers and men to surrender.
Footnotes
- 〔and〕 appointed Li Xiong Grand Minister of Education
- The "Biography of Gongsun Shu" in the Book of the Later Han agrees; supplemented accordingly
- the prince leaped onto a high bank; 〔there〕 the shock cavalryman Wang Feng dismounted and gave him his horse
- The "Annals of Emperor Guangwu" in the Book of the Later Han agrees; supplemented accordingly
- The main force advanced again to Anci
- When he reached Hao he summoned Feng Yi [to come to Hao]
- On the day jihai
- Grand General Zhu You and eleven other generals
- In the twelfth month, on bingxu
- he made Fan Xun of Pingling Friend and Teacher, and Zheng Xing of Henei, former Governor of Former Liang, Libationer
- Zi Du was killed by his own retainers
- On the day renchen, the Gaozu temple was erected in Luoyang
- win over Kuang
- On xinmao
- those who surrender