1
【漢紀五十】起重光作噩，盡強圉單閼，凡七年。
【Han Records 50】 From the year Chongguang Zuoe through Qiangyu Dancha—seven years in all.
2
1春，正月，初置騄驥廄丞，領受郡國調馬。 豪右辜榷，馬一匹至二百萬。
1 In the first month of spring, the office of Assistant Director of the Outstanding Steeds Stud was created for the first time to take charge of horses sent as levies from the commanderies and kingdoms. Local power brokers cornered the market, and the price of a single horse rose to two million cash.
3
2夏，四月，庚〔午〕( 子) 子) 據袁《紀》改。 案：此月癸亥朔，無庚子，但有庚午。，赦天下。
2 In summer, in the fourth month, on the day geng〔wu〕( zi) zi) Amended per Yuan's 《Annals》. , and an amnesty was proclaimed for the entire empire.1
4
3交趾烏滸蠻久為亂，牧守不能禁。 交趾人梁龍等復反，攻破郡縣。 詔拜蘭陵令會稽朱儁為交趾刺史，擊斬梁龍，降者數萬人，旬月盡定； 以功封都亭侯，徵為諫議大夫。
3 The Wuhu tribes of Jiaozhi had been in rebellion for years, and the regional administrators were powerless to stop them. Liang Long of Jiaozhi and his followers rose again, attacking and capturing commandery and county seats. An edict named Zhu Jun of Kuaiji, magistrate of Lanling, Inspector of Jiaozhi; he attacked and killed Liang Long, and tens of thousands submitted; within a month the region was entirely pacified; For this achievement he was enfeoffed as Marquis of the Metropolitan District and recalled to the capital as Grand Master of Remonstrance.
5
4六月，庚辰，雨雹如雞子。
4 In the sixth month, on gengchen day, hailstones as large as chicken eggs fell.
6
5秋，九月，庚寅朔，日有食之。
5 In autumn, on the first day of the ninth month, gengyin, there was a solar eclipse.
7
6太尉劉寬免； 衛尉許戫為太尉。
6 Grand Commandant Liu Kuan was dismissed; Commandant of the Guards Xu Yu was appointed Grand Commandant.
8
7閏月，辛酉，北宮東掖庭永巷署災。
7 In the intercalary month, on xinyou day, a fire destroyed the Eastern Side Hall and the Long Lane offices of the Northern Palace.
9
8司徒楊賜罷。 冬，十月，太常陳耽為司徒。
8 Minister over the Masses Yang Ci was removed from office. In winter, in the tenth month, Minister of Ceremonies Chen Dan was appointed Minister over the Masses.
10
9鮮卑寇幽、并二州。 檀石槐死，子和連代立。 和連才力不及父而貪淫，後出攻北地，北地人射殺之。 其子騫曼尚幼，兄子魁頭立。 後騫曼長大，與魁頭爭國，眾遂離散。 魁頭死，弟步度根立。
9 The Xianbei invaded You and Bing provinces. Tan Shihuai died, and his son Helian took his place as chief. Helian lacked his father's ability and was greedy and dissolute; when he later led a raid into Beidi, the local people shot and killed him. His son Kuaishang was still a child, and his nephew Kuitou was raised to the chieftainship. When Kuaishang came of age, he fought Kuitou for leadership, and the confederation broke apart. After Kuitou's death, his younger brother Budugen became chief.
11
10是歲，帝作列肆於後宮，使諸采女販賣，更相盜竊爭鬥； 帝著商賈服，從之飲宴為樂。 又於西園弄狗，著進賢冠，帶綬。 又駕四驢，帝躬自操轡，驅馳周旋； 京師轉相倣傚，驢價遂與馬齊。
10 That year the Emperor built market rows in the inner palace and had the palace women trade goods, pilfering from one another and brawling; the Emperor dressed as a merchant, joined their revels, and made merry with them. In the Western Garden he also played with dogs, crowning them with official caps and tying on rank sashes. He also hitched four donkeys to a carriage, took the reins himself, and drove them at full gallop; the capital soon followed his example, and donkeys came to cost as much as horses.
12
帝好為私蓄，收天下之珍貨，每郡國貢獻，先輸中署，名為「導行費」。 中常侍呂強上疏諫曰：「天下之財，莫不生之陰陽，歸之陛下，豈有公私！ 而今中尚方斂諸郡之寶，中御府積天下之繒，西園引司農之藏，中廄聚太僕之馬； 而所輸之府，輒有導行之財，調廣民困，費多獻少，奸吏因其利，百姓受其敝。 又，阿媚之臣，好獻其私，容諂姑息，自此而進。 舊典：選舉委任三府，尚書受奏御而已； 受試任用，責以成功，功無可察，然後付之尚書舉劾，請下廷尉覆案虛實，行其罪罰。 於是三公每有所選，參議掾屬，咨其行狀，度其器能； 然猶有曠職廢官，荒穢不治。 今但任尚書，或有詔用，如是，三公得免選舉之負，尚書亦復不坐，責賞無歸，豈肯空自勞苦乎！」 書奏，不省。
The Emperor loved to amass private wealth and collected rare goods from across the realm; whenever commanderies and kingdoms sent tribute, it was first diverted to the inner palace as a so-called "guiding-the-procession fee." Palace Attendant Lü Qiang submitted a memorial of remonstrance, saying, "All the wealth under Heaven springs from yin and yang and belongs to Your Majesty—how can it be divided into public and private! Yet now the Directorate of Imperial Workshops hoards treasures from every commandery, the Directorate of Imperial Vestments piles up silks from across the realm, the Western Garden drains the Minister of Revenue's vaults, and the Imperial Stud collects the Minister of Carriages' horses; and whatever reaches the public treasuries is still subject to these guiding fees; levies grow heavier while the people grow poorer, costs mount while tribute shrinks—corrupt officials profit, and the common people suffer. Moreover, sycophantic officials vie to offer private gifts; indulgence and flattery advance by this route. By ancient practice, selection and appointment belonged to the Three Excellencies, and the Masters of Writing merely forwarded memorials to the throne; after trial appointment they were held accountable for results; only when achievement could not be verified were they referred to the Masters of Writing for impeachment, sent to the Commandant of Justice to establish the facts, and punished. Thus whenever the Three Excellencies chose a man, their staffs deliberated, inquired into his conduct and record, and weighed his ability; and even then there were vacant posts and neglected offices, left to rot untended. Now appointment rests with the Masters of Writing alone, or sometimes by direct edict—if so, the Three Excellencies escape the burden of selection and the Masters of Writing escape accountability; with praise and blame going nowhere, who will labor for nothing!" The memorial was submitted, but the Emperor paid it no heed.
13
11何皇后性強忌，後宮王美人生皇子協，后鴆殺美人。 帝大怒，欲廢后； 諸中官固請，得止。
11 Empress He was fiercely jealous; when the palace lady Wang Meiren bore Prince Xie, the empress poisoned her. The Emperor was furious and intended to depose her; the palace eunuchs pleaded urgently with him, and he relented.
14
12大長秋華容侯曹節卒； 中常侍趙忠代領大長秋。
12 Grand Director of the Palace Ladies Cao Jie, Marquis of Huarong, died; Palace Attendant Zhao Zhong succeeded him in that office.
15
1春，正月，辛未，赦天下。
1 In the first month of spring, on xinwei day, an amnesty was proclaimed for the entire empire.
16
2詔公卿以謠言舉刺史、二千石為民蠹害者。 太尉許戫、司空張濟承望內官，受取貨賂，其宦者子弟、賓客，雖貪污穢濁，皆不敢問，而虛糾邊遠小郡清修有惠化者二十六人，吏民詣闕陳訴。 司徒陳耽上言：「公卿所舉，率黨其私，所謂放鴟梟而囚鸞鳳。」 帝以讓戫、濟，由是諸坐謠言徵者，悉拜議郎。
2 An edict directed the Excellencies and ministers to nominate, on the basis of popular rumor, inspectors and two-thousand-bushel officials who were harming the people. Grand Commandant Xu Yu and Minister of Works Zhang Ji curried favor with the inner eunuchs and took bribes; they dared not investigate eunuchs' kin and clients no matter how corrupt, yet falsely impeached twenty-six upright officials from remote small commanderies who had governed well—officials and commoners came to the capital to protest. Minister over the Masses Chen Dan submitted a statement: "The nominations overwhelmingly favor private factions—it is like releasing owls while caging phoenixes." The Emperor rebuked Xu Yu and Zhang Ji; as a result, all who had been summoned on rumor-based charges were appointed Masters of Discussion.
17
3二月，大疫。
3 In the second month, a severe plague swept the land.
18
4三月，司徒陳耽免。
4 In the third month, Minister over the Masses Chen Dan was dismissed.
19
5夏，四月，旱。
5 In summer, in the fourth month, drought struck.
20
6以太常袁隗為司徒。
6 Minister of Ceremonies Yuan Wei was appointed Minister over the Masses.
21
7五月，庚申，永樂宮署災。
7 In the fifth month, on gengshen day, a fire destroyed the offices of the Yongle Palace.
22
8秋，七月，有星孛于太微。
8 In autumn, in the seventh month, a comet appeared in the Supreme Palace Enclosure.
23
9板楯蠻寇亂巴郡，連年討之，不能剋。 帝欲大發兵，以問益州計吏漢中程包，對曰：「板楯七姓，自秦世立功，復其租賦。 其人勇猛善戰。 昔永初中，羌入漢川，郡縣破壞，得板楯救之，羌死敗殆盡，羌人號為神兵，傳語種輩，勿復南行。 至建和二年，羌復大入，實賴板楯連摧破之。 前車騎將軍馮緄南征武陵，亦倚板楯以成其功。 近益州郡亂，太守李顒亦以板楯討而平之。 忠功如此，本無噁心。 長吏鄉亭更賦至重，僕役棰楚，過於奴虜。 亦有嫁妻賣子，或乃至自剄割，雖陳冤州郡，而牧守不為通理，闕庭悠遠，不能自聞，含怨呼天，無所叩訴。 故邑落相聚以〔致〕叛戾乙十一行本同； 退齋校同。」 《後漢書．南蠻西南夷列傳》同，據補。，非有謀主僭號以圖不軌。 今但選明能牧守，自然安集，不煩征伐也。 帝從其言，選用太守曹謙，遣宣詔赦之，即時皆降。
9 The Banshun tribes raided Ba Commandery; campaigns against them continued for years without success. The Emperor wished to raise a large army and consulted Cheng Bao of Hanzhong, accounting clerk of Yizhou, who replied, "The seven Banshun clans earned merit in Qin times and had their taxes remitted. They are fierce warriors. In the Yongchu era, when the Qiang invaded Han River country and ravaged the commanderies and counties, the Banshun saved the day; the Qiang were nearly wiped out, called them divine troops, and warned their tribes never to march south again. In the second year of Jianhe the Qiang invaded again in force, and it was the Banshun who repeatedly broke them. When General of Chariots and Cavalry Feng Gun campaigned south against Wuling, he too relied on the Banshun to win. When Yizhou was recently in turmoil, Grand Administrator Li Yong likewise used the Banshun to suppress the rebels and restore order. With such a record of loyalty, they had no evil designs to begin with. Local officials imposed crushing supplementary levies and beat their servants more brutally than slaves. Some sold their wives and children, or even took their own lives; though they pleaded their case to commandery and provincial authorities, the governors would not forward their petitions—the court was far away and they could not be heard; they cried to Heaven in bitterness with no one to hear their appeal. the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;2 Tui Zhai's collation agrees." The 《Treatises on the Southern Barbarians and the Southwestern Yi》 in the Book of the Later Han agrees; supplied accordingly. , not because some rebel leader had proclaimed himself ruler and plotted treason. Choose wise and capable governors, and they will settle down of their own accord—there is no need for military campaigns. The Emperor accepted his counsel, appointed Cao Qian grand administrator, issued an amnesty edict, and at once all surrendered.
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10八月，起四百尺觀於阿亭道。
10 In the eighth month, a four-hundred-foot watchtower was built on the Ating road.
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11冬，十月，太尉許戫罷； 以太常楊賜為太尉。
11 In winter, in the tenth month, Grand Commandant Xu Yu was removed from office; Minister of Ceremonies Yang Ci was appointed Grand Commandant.
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12帝校獵上林苑，歷函谷關，遂狩于廣成苑。 十二月，還，幸太學。
12 The Emperor hunted in the Shanglin Park, passed through Hangu Pass, and then hunted in the Guangcheng Park. In the twelfth month he returned to the capital and visited the Imperial Academy.
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13桓典為侍御史，宦官畏之。 典常乘驄馬，京師為之語曰：「行行且止，避驄馬御史！」 典，焉之孫也。
13 Huan Dian served as Attendant Censor, and the eunuchs were afraid of him. Dian regularly rode a piebald horse, and people in the capital said, "Keep moving—but stop and make way for the piebald-horse censor!" Huan Dian was a grandson of Huan Yan.
28
1春，三月，辛未，赦天下。
1 In the third month of spring, on xinwei day, an amnesty was proclaimed for the entire empire.
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2夏，大旱。
2 In summer, severe drought struck.
30
3爵號皇后母為舞陽君。
3 The empress's mother was granted the title Lady of Wuyang.
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4秋，金城河水溢出二十餘里。
4 In autumn, the Jin River in Jincheng overflowed its banks for more than twenty li.
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5五原山岸崩。
5 Mountain cliffs collapsed in Wuyuan.
33
6初，巨鹿張角奉事黃、老，以妖術教授，號「太平道」。 呪符水以療病，令病者跪拜首過，或時病癒，眾共神而信之。 角分遣弟子周行四方，轉相誑誘，十餘年間，徒眾數十萬，自青、徐、幽、冀、荊、揚、兗、豫八州之人，莫不畢應。 或棄賣財產、流移奔赴，填塞道路，未至病死者亦以萬數。 郡縣不解其意，反言角以善道教化，為民所歸。
6 Earlier, Zhang Jiao of Julu followed the teachings of Huang-Lao, taught occult practices, and called his movement the "Way of Supreme Peace." He used charmed talisman-water to heal the sick, had patients kneel and confess their sins, and sometimes they recovered; the people regarded him as miraculous and believed. Jiao sent disciples throughout the realm to recruit followers; within a dozen years he had hundreds of thousands of adherents, and people in all eight provinces—Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan, and Yu—responded in full. Some sold their possessions and traveled to join him, clogging the roads; tens of thousands died of illness before they even arrived. Commandery and county officials failed to grasp his purpose and instead reported that Jiao was teaching benevolent doctrine to which the people were flocking.
34
太尉楊賜時為司徒，上書言：「角誑曜百姓，遭赦不悔，稍益滋蔓。 今若下州郡捕討，恐更騷擾，速成其患。 宜切敕刺史、二千石，簡別流民，各護歸本郡，以孤弱其黨，然後誅其渠帥，可不勞而定。」 會賜去位，事遂留中。 司徒掾劉陶復上疏申賜前議，言：「角等陰謀益甚，四方私言，云角等竊入京師，覘視朝政。 鳥聲獸心，私共鳴呼。 州郡忌諱，不欲聞之，但更相告語，莫肯公文。 宜下明詔，重募角等，賞以國土，有敢迴避，與之同罪。」 帝殊不為意，方詔陶次第春秋條例。
Yang Ci, then serving as Minister over the Masses, submitted a memorial, saying, "Jiao deceives the common people; though pardoned he does not repent, and his movement grows ever stronger. If we now order the provinces and commanderies to arrest and suppress him, I fear we will only stir greater unrest and hasten disaster. Better to order inspectors and two-thousand-bushel officials to identify wandering followers and send each back to his home commandery, thereby isolating the movement; then execute the ringleaders, and the problem can be settled without a major campaign." But Yang Ci left office before action could be taken, and the memorial was shelved. Liu Tao, a staff member of the Minister over the Masses, submitted another memorial elaborating Yang Ci's proposal, saying, "Jiao's secret plotting grows more serious by the day; people everywhere whisper that his followers have infiltrated the capital to spy on the court. They chatter like birds and plot like beasts, calling to one another in secret. Provincial and commandery officials, reluctant to report bad news, only whispered among themselves and refused to file official reports. Issue a clear edict offering rich rewards for the capture of Jiao and his followers, with territory as the prize; anyone who shirks the search should share their guilt." The Emperor ignored it entirely and was busy instructing Liu Tao to organize the categories of the Spring and Autumn Annals.
35
角遂置三十六方，方猶將軍也。 大方萬餘人，小方六七千，各立渠帥。 訛言：「蒼天已死，黃天當立，歲在甲子，天下大吉。」 以白土書京城寺門及州郡官府，皆作「甲子」字。 大方馬元義等先收荊、揚數萬人，期會發於鄴。 元義數往來京師，以中常侍封諝、徐奉等為內應，約以三月五日內外俱起。
Jiao then organized thirty-six fang, each fang functioning like a general's command. A large fang numbered more than ten thousand men, a small one six or seven thousand; each appointed its own leader. A rebel slogan spread: "The blue Heaven is dead; the yellow Heaven shall rise. The year is jiazi—great fortune for the empire." Followers wrote "jiazi" in white chalk on temple gates in the capital and on government buildings throughout the provinces. Ma Yuanyi of the great fang and others first recruited tens of thousands from Jing and Yang, planning to rise at Ye. Yuanyi traveled repeatedly to the capital, using Palace Attendants Feng Xu and Xu Feng as inside collaborators, with a plan to rise simultaneously inside and outside the palace on the fifth day of the third month.
36
1春，角弟子濟南唐周上書告之。 於是收馬元義，車裂於雒陽。 詔三公、司隸案驗宮省直衛及百姓有事角道者，誅殺千餘人； 下冀州逐捕角等。 角等知事已露，晨夜馳敕諸方，一時俱起，皆著黃巾以為標幟，故時人謂之「黃巾賊」。 二月，角自稱天公將軍，角弟寶稱地公將軍，寶弟梁稱人公將軍，所在燔燒官府，劫略聚邑，州郡失據，長吏多逃亡； 旬月之間，天下響應，京師震動。 安平、甘陵人各執其王應賊。
1 In spring, Jiao's disciple Tang Zhou of Jinan submitted a memorial exposing the conspiracy. Ma Yuanyi was arrested and executed by dismemberment with chariots at Luoyang. An edict ordered the Three Excellencies and the Director of Retainers to investigate palace guards and civilians linked to Jiao's movement; more than a thousand were executed; and orders were sent to Jizhou to hunt down Jiao and his followers. “Learning the plot was exposed, Jiao and his followers sent urgent orders to all fang to rise at once; they wore yellow turbans as their emblem, and contemporaries called them the Yellow Turban rebels.” In the second month, Jiao proclaimed himself General of Heaven, his brother Bao General of Earth, and Bao's brother Liang General of Man; they burned government offices and plundered settlements everywhere; provinces and commanderies collapsed, and many officials fled; Within a month the entire empire was in uproar, and the capital trembled. The people of Anping and Ganling each seized their kings and sided with the rebels.
37
三月，戊申，以河南尹何進為大將軍，封慎侯，率左右羽林、五營營士屯都亭，修理器械，以鎮京師； 置函谷、太谷、廣成、伊闕、轘轅、旋門、孟津、小平津八關都尉。
In the third month, on wushen day, He Jin, Intendant of Henan, was appointed Grand General and enfeoffed as Marquis of Shen; he led the imperial guards and Five Camps troops to garrison Duting, repaired weapons, and secured the capital; commandants were posted at the eight passes: Hangu, Taigu, Guangcheng, Yique, Huanyuan, Xuanmen, Mengjin, and Xiaopingjin.
38
帝召群臣會議。 北地太守皇甫嵩以為宜解黨禁，益出中藏錢、西園廄馬以班軍士。 嵩，規之兄子也。 上問計於中常侍呂強，對曰：「黨錮久積，人情怨憤，若不赦宥，輕與張角合謀，為變滋大，悔之無救。 今請先誅左右貪濁者，大赦黨人，料簡刺史、二千石能否，則盜無不平矣。」 帝懼而從之。 壬子，赦天下黨人，還諸徙者； 唯張角不赦。 發天下精兵，遺北中郎將盧植討張角，左中郎將皇甫嵩、右中郎將朱儁討潁川黃巾。
The Emperor summoned his ministers to deliberate. Grand Administrator Huangfu Song of Beidi argued that the faction proscription should be lifted and that more funds from the inner treasury and horses from the Western Garden stud should be distributed to the troops. Song was the nephew of Huangfu Gui. The Emperor asked Palace Attendant Lü Qiang for advice. He replied, "The faction proscription has bred deep resentment; if these men are not pardoned, they may join Zhang Jiao, the rebellion will swell, and it will be too late for regret. First execute the corrupt officials around you, grant a general amnesty to the faction members, and assess whether inspectors and two-thousand-bushel officials are fit for their posts—then rebellion will lose its footing." The Emperor, frightened, accepted his counsel. On renzi day, faction members throughout the empire were pardoned and exiles were allowed to return; only Zhang Jiao was excluded from the pardon. Elite troops were mobilized empire-wide; Lu Zhi was sent as General of the Household Who Pacifies the North against Zhang Jiao, and Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun as Generals of the Household of the Left and Right against the Yellow Turbans of Yingchuan.
39
是時中常侍趙忠、張讓、夏惲、郭勝、段珪、宋典等皆封侯貴寵，上常言：「張常侍是我公，趙常侍是我母。」 由是宦官無所憚畏，並起第宅，擬則宮室。 上嘗欲登永安候臺，宦官恐望見其居處，乃使中大人尚但諫曰：「天子不當登高，登高則百姓虛散。」 上自是不敢復升臺榭。 及封諝、徐奉事發，上詰責諸常侍曰：「汝曹常言黨人欲為不軌，皆令禁錮，或有伏誅者。 今黨人更為國用，汝曹反與張角通，為可斬未？」 皆叩頭曰：「此王甫、侯覽所為也！」 於是諸常侍人人求退，各自徵還宗親、子弟在州郡者。
At this time Palace Attendants Zhao Zhong, Zhang Rang, Xia Yun, Guo Sheng, Duan Gui, and Song Dian were all enfeoffed as marquises and enjoyed lavish favor; the Emperor often said, "Attendant Zhang is my father, Attendant Zhao my mother." The eunuchs therefore feared nothing and built mansions rivaling the palace in grandeur. The Emperor once wished to climb the Yong'an lookout tower; fearing he would see their mansions, the eunuchs had Palace Grandee Shang Dan remonstrate, "The Son of Heaven should not climb high; if he does, the people will scatter and be lost." The Emperor never dared climb towers and pavilions again. When the Feng Xu and Xu Feng conspiracy was exposed, the Emperor rebuked the palace attendants: "You always said the faction members plotted treason and had them imprisoned; some were even executed. Now the faction members serve the state again, while you secretly conspired with Zhang Jiao—are you not deserving of death?" They all kowtowed and said, "This was the work of Wang Fu and Hou Lan!" Each attendant then asked to retire and recalled relatives and juniors serving in the provinces.
40
趙忠、夏惲等遂共譖呂強，云與黨人共議朝廷，數讀《霍光傳》。 強兄弟所在並皆貪穢。 帝使中黃門持兵召強。 強聞帝召，怒曰：「吾死，亂起矣！ 丈夫欲盡忠國家，豈能對獄吏乎！」 遂自殺。 忠、惲復譖曰：「強見召，未知所問而就外自屏，有奸明審。」 遂收捕其宗親，沒入財產。
Zhao Zhong, Xia Yun, and others then jointly slandered Lü Qiang, claiming he plotted with faction members and repeatedly read the 《Biography of Huo Guang》. Wherever Lü Qiang's brothers served, they were corrupt. The Emperor sent a palace eunuch with armed guards to summon Qiang. Hearing the summons, Qiang said in anger, "When I die, rebellion will follow! A man who wishes to serve his country loyally cannot submit to prison interrogators!" He then took his own life. Zhong and Yun slandered him further, saying, "When summoned, Qiang hid himself without knowing the charge—clear proof of guilt." His kin were arrested and their property confiscated.
41
侍中河內向栩上便宜，譏刺左右。 張讓誣栩與張角同心，欲為內應，收送黃門北寺獄，殺之。 郎中中山張鈞上書曰：「竊惟張角所以能興兵作亂，萬民所以樂附之者，其源皆由十常侍多放父兄、子弟、婚親、賓客典據州郡，辜榷財利，侵掠百姓，百姓之冤，無所告訴，故謀議不軌，聚為盜賊。 宜斬十常侍，縣頭南郊，以謝百姓，遣使者佈告天下，可不須師旅而大寇自消。」 帝以鈞章示諸常侍，皆免冠徒跣頓首，乞自致雒陽詔獄，並出家財以助軍費。 有詔，皆冠履視事如故。 帝怒鈞曰：「此真狂子也！ 十常侍固常有一人善者不！」 御史承旨，遂誣奏鈞學黃巾道，收掠，死獄中。
Palace Attendant Xiang Xu of Henei submitted memorials satirizing the Emperor's inner circle. Zhang Rang accused Xu of conspiring with Zhang Jiao as an inside collaborator; Xu was arrested, sent to the Northern Prison of the Yellow Gates, and killed. Gentleman-Consultant Zhang Jun of Zhongshan submitted a memorial, saying, "Zhang Jiao could raise rebellion and the people gladly followed him because the Ten Regular Attendants placed their kin and clients in charge of provinces and commanderies, where they extorted wealth, plundered the people, and left grievances unheard—driving men to plot treason and gather as bandits. Execute the Ten Regular Attendants and display their heads at the southern suburb to appease the people; send envoys to proclaim this throughout the empire, and the great rebellion will collapse without armies." The Emperor showed Jun's memorial to the palace attendants; they removed caps and shoes, kowtowed, begged to surrender themselves to the imperial prison at Luoyang, and offered family wealth to aid military expenses. An edict ordered them to resume their caps and shoes and return to duty as before. The Emperor, furious with Jun, said, "This man is truly mad! Surely at least one of the Ten Regular Attendants is decent!" The imperial censor, following the Emperor's intent, falsely accused Jun of practicing the Yellow Turban Way; Jun was arrested, tortured, and died in prison.
42
2庚子，南陽黃巾張曼成攻殺太守褚貢。
, the Yellow Turban leader Zhang Mancheng of Nanyang attacked and killed Grand Administrator Chu Gong.3
43
3帝問太尉楊賜以黃巾事，賜所對切直，帝不悅。 夏，四月，賜坐寇賊免。 以太僕弘農鄧盛為太尉。 已而帝閱錄故事，得賜與劉陶所上張角奏，乃封賜為臨晉侯，陶為中陵鄉侯。
3 The Emperor questioned Grand Commandant Yang Ci about the Yellow Turbans; Ci's answers were blunt, and the Emperor was displeased. In summer, in the fourth month, Ci was dismissed on a charge relating to the rebellion. Minister Coachman Deng Sheng of Hongnong was appointed Grand Commandant. Later the Emperor reviewed the archives and found the memorials on Zhang Jiao submitted by Ci and Liu Tao; he then enfeoffed Ci as Marquis of Linjin and Tao as Marquis of Zhongling District.
44
4司空張濟罷； 以大司農張溫為司空。
4 Minister of Works Zhang Ji was removed from office; Minister of Finance Zhang Wen was appointed Minister of Works.
45
5皇甫嵩、朱儁合將四萬餘人，共討潁川〔黃巾〕，嵩、儁各統一軍。 儁與賊波才戰，敗； 嵩進保長社。
; Song and Jun each commanded a separate army.4 Jun fought the rebel Bo Cai and was defeated; Song advanced and fortified Changshe.
46
6汝南黃巾敗太守趙謙於邵陵。 廣陽黃巾殺幽州刺吏郭勳及太守劉衛。
6 The Yellow Turbans of Runan defeated Grand Administrator Zhao Qian at Shaoling. The Yellow Turbans of Guangyang killed Inspector Guo Xun of Youzhou and Grand Administrator Liu Wei.
47
7波才圍皇甫嵩於長社。 嵩兵少，軍中皆恐。 賊依草結營，會大風，嵩約敕軍士皆束苣乘城，使銳士間出圍外，縱火大呼，城上舉燎應之，嵩從城中鼓噪而出，奔擊賊陳，賊驚亂，奔走。 會騎都尉沛國曹操將兵適至，五月，嵩、操與朱儁合軍，更與賊戰，大破之，斬首數萬級。 封嵩都鄉侯。
7 Bo Cai besieged Huangfu Song at Changshe. Song's forces were few, and fear spread through the army. The rebels camped in tall grass; when a strong wind arose, Song secretly ordered his men to bind torches and man the walls, sent picked troops to slip out and encircle the camp, set fires and shout; signal fires blazed on the walls, and Song led a charge from the city, routing the rebel formation in panic. Just then Commandant of Cavalry Cao Cao of Pei arrived with reinforcements. In the fifth month, Song, Cao, and Zhu Jun united their forces, fought the rebels again, and won a crushing victory, taking tens of thousands of heads. Song was enfeoffed as Marquis of the Metropolitan District.
48
操父嵩，為中常侍曹騰養子，不能審其生出本末，或雲夏侯氏子也。 操少機警，有權數，而任俠放蕩，不治行業。 世人未之奇也，唯太尉橋玄及南陽何顒異焉。 玄謂操曰：「天下將亂，非命世之才，不能濟也。 能安之者，其在君乎！」 顒見操，歎曰：「漢家將亡，安天下者，必此人也。」 玄謂操曰：「君未有名，可交許子將。」 子將者，訓之從子劭也，好人倫，多所賞識，與從兄靖俱有高名，好共覈論鄉黨人物，每月輒更其品題，故汝南俗有月旦評焉。 嘗為郡功曹，府中聞之，莫不改操飾行。 曹操往造劭而問之曰：「我何如人？」 劭鄙其為人，不答。 操乃劫之，劭曰：「子，治世之能臣，亂世之奸雄。」 操大喜而去。
Cao Cao's father Song was the adopted son of Palace Attendant Cao Teng; his true origins were unknown, and some said he was born to the Xiahou clan. In youth Cao Cao was quick-witted and resourceful, but reckless and dissolute, neglecting proper conduct. The world did not regard him as extraordinary; only Grand Commandant Qiao Xuan and He Yong of Nanyang recognized his talent. Xuan told Cao Cao, "The empire is about to fall into chaos; only a man destined to rule an age can save it. The man who can restore peace—might it not be you!" When Yong met Cao Cao, he sighed and said, "The house of Han is about to fall; the man who will save the empire must be this one." Xuan told Cao Cao, "You are not yet known; you should seek out Master Xu Zijiang." Zijiang was Xu Shao, nephew of Xu Xun, a man who delighted in judging character; he and his cousin Jing were both renowned for assessing local men and revising their rankings each month—hence the Runan custom of the "first-of-the-month appraisal." As commandery Merit Officer, his judgments were so feared that everyone in the prefectural offices mended their conduct. Cao Cao went to visit Shao and asked, "What sort of man am I?" Shao despised his character and refused to answer. Cao Cao then seized him by force. Shao said, "Sir, in an age of order you would be a capable minister; in an age of chaos, a crafty hero." Cao Cao was delighted and left.
49
朱儁之擊黃巾也，其護軍司馬北地傅燮上疏曰：「臣聞天下之禍不由於外，皆興於內。 是故虞舜先除四凶，然後用十六相，明惡人不去，則善人無由進也。 今張角起於趙、魏，黃巾亂於六州，此皆釁發蕭牆而禍延四海者也。 臣受戎任，奉辭伐罪，始到潁川，戰無不克。 黃巾雖盛，不足為廟堂憂也。 臣之所懼，在於治水不自其源，末流彌增其廣耳。 陛下仁德寬容，多所不忍，故閹豎弄權，忠臣不進。 誠使張角梟夷，黃巾變服，臣之所憂，甫益深耳。 何者？ 夫邪正之人不宜共國，亦猶冰炭不可同器。 彼知正人之功顯而危亡之兆見，皆將巧辭飾說，共長虛偽。 夫孝子疑於屢至，市虎成於三夫，若不詳察真偽，忠臣將復有杜郵之戮矣！ 陛下宜思虞舜四罪之舉，速行讒佞之誅，則善人思進，奸凶自息。」 趙忠見其疏而惡之。 燮擊黃巾，功多當封，忠譖訴之。 帝識燮言，得不加罪，竟亦不封。
While Zhu Jun was campaigning against the Yellow Turbans, his Protector of the Army, Major Fu Xie of Beidi, submitted a memorial, saying, "I have heard that the empire's calamities do not come from without—they all arise from within. Therefore Yu Shun first removed the Four Evils before appointing the Sixteen Ministers—showing that if evil men are not removed, good men cannot advance. Now Zhang Jiao has risen in Zhao and Wei, and the Yellow Turbans riot in six provinces—all trouble that began within the palace and spread across the realm. I have received a military commission to punish the guilty; from the moment I reached Yingchuan, I have won every battle. Though the Yellow Turbans are strong, they are not enough to trouble the court. What I fear is failing to control a flood at its source—the lower reaches only grow wider. Your Majesty is benevolent and tolerant, often unable to act decisively—hence eunuchs wield power and loyal ministers cannot advance. Even if Zhang Jiao were executed and the Yellow Turbans laid down their arms, my worry would only deepen. Why? Evil and upright men cannot share a state—just as ice and fire cannot share one vessel. When they see upright men's achievements and the signs of ruin, they will use clever words to foster falsehood together. Repeated visits make even a filial son suspect; three men can make a tiger in the marketplace believed—if truth and falsehood are not carefully examined, loyal ministers will again die like Bai Qi at Duyou! Your Majesty should recall Yu Shun's punishment of the four crimes and swiftly execute the slanderous and fawning—then good men will advance and the wicked will subside." When Zhao Zhong read his memorial, he hated it. Xie had fought the Yellow Turbans with great success and deserved enfeoffment; Zhong slandered him. The Emperor understood what Xie meant, so he escaped punishment—but in the end received no enfeoffment either.
50
8張曼成屯宛下百餘日。 六月，南陽太守秦頡擊曼成，斬之。
8 Zhang Mancheng besieged Wan for over a hundred days. In the sixth month, Qin Jie, grand administrator of Nanyang, attacked Mancheng and killed him.
51
9交趾土多珍貨，前後刺史多無清行，財計盈給，輒求遷代，故吏民怨叛，執刺史及合浦太守來達，自稱柱天將軍。 三府選京令東郡賈琮為交趾刺史。 琮到部，訊其反狀，咸言「賦斂過重，百姓莫不空單。 京師遙遠，告冤無所，民不聊生，故聚為盜賊。」 琮即移書告示，各使安其資業，招撫荒散，蠲復徭役，誅斬渠帥為大害者，簡選良吏試守諸縣，歲間蕩定，百姓以安。 巷路為之歌曰：「賈父來晚，使我先反； 今見清平，吏不敢飯！」
9 Jiaozhi was rich in precious goods; successive inspectors were often corrupt—once they had filled their coffers they sought transfer, so officials and people rebelled, seized the inspector and Hepu grand administrator Lai Da, and proclaimed himself General Pillar of Heaven. The Three Offices selected Jia Cong, magistrate of the capital district and a native of Dongjun, as inspector of Jiaozhi. When Cong reached his jurisdiction, he investigated the rebellion; all said, "Taxes were too heavy—the people were left with nothing. The capital was far away; there was nowhere to seek redress; life was unbearable, so they banded together as outlaws." Cong immediately issued a proclamation telling people to resume their livelihoods, gathered those displaced, remitted taxes and corvée, executed the worst ringleaders, and appointed good officials as provisional county administrators—in a year the region was pacified and the people lived in peace. People sang in the streets: "Father Jia came too late—we had to rebel first; now we see peace, and officials dare not even eat!"
52
10皇甫嵩、朱儁乘勝進討汝南、陳國黃巾，追波才於陽翟，擊彭脫於西華，並破之，餘賊降散，三郡悉平。 嵩乃上言其狀，以功歸儁，於是進封儁西鄉侯，遷鎮賊中郎將。 詔嵩討東郡，儁討南陽。
10 Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun pressed their advantage against the Yellow Turbans in Runan and Chen, pursued Bo Cai at Yangdi and defeated Peng Tuo at Xihua; the remaining rebels surrendered or fled, and all three commanderies were pacified. Song then reported to the throne and gave credit to Jun; Jun was promoted to Marquis of Xixiang and appointed General of the Resolute Cavalry Against Bandits. The court ordered Song to campaign in Dong commandery and Jun in Nanyang.
53
北中郎將盧植連戰破張角，斬獲萬餘人，角等走保廣宗。 植築圍鑿塹，造作雲梯，垂當拔之。 帝遣小黃門左豐視軍，或勸植以賂送豐，植不肯。 豐還，言於帝曰：「廣宗賊易破耳，盧中郎固壘息軍，以待天誅。」 帝怒，檻車徵植，減死一等； 遣東中郎將隴西董卓代之。
Lu Zhi, North General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household, repeatedly defeated Zhang Jiao, killing and capturing over ten thousand; Jiao and his followers fled to Guangzong. Zhi built siege works, dug moats, and constructed scaling ladders—he was on the verge of capturing the city. The Emperor sent the palace eunuch Zuo Feng to inspect the army; some advised Zhi to bribe him, but Zhi refused. Feng returned and told the Emperor, "The rebels at Guangzong are easily defeated—Director Lu just sits in camp and waits for heaven to strike them down." The Emperor was furious, had Zhi summoned back in a prison cart, and commuted the death penalty by one degree; and sent Dong Zhuo of Longxi, East General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household, to replace him.
54
11巴郡張脩以妖術為人療病，其法略與張角同，令病家出五斗米，號「五斗米師」。 秋，七月，脩聚眾反，寇郡縣； 時人謂之「米賊」。
11 Zhang Xiu of Ba commandery used occult arts to heal the sick; his methods resembled Zhang Jiao's—he charged five pecks of rice per household and was called the "Master of Five Pecks of Rice." In the seventh month of autumn, Xiu raised followers and rebelled, raiding counties and commanderies; contemporaries called them the "Rice Bandits."
55
12八月，皇甫嵩與黃巾戰於蒼亭，獲其帥卜已。 董卓攻張角無功，抵罪。 己已，詔嵩討角。
12 In the eighth month, Huangfu Song fought the Yellow Turbans at Cangting and captured their leader Bu Yi. Dong Zhuo's attack on Zhang Jiao failed, and he was punished. On jisi day, the court ordered Song to attack Zhang Jiao.
56
13九月，安平王續坐不道，誅，國除。
13 In the ninth month, Prince Xu of Anping was convicted of impiety, executed, and his kingdom abolished.
57
初，續為黃巾所虜，國人贖之得還，朝廷議復其國。 議郎李燮曰：「續守籓不稱，損辱聖朝，不宜復國。」 朝廷不從。 燮坐謗毀宗室，輸作左校，未滿歲，王坐誅，乃復拜議郎。 京師為之語曰：「父不肯立帝，子不肯立王。」
Earlier, Xu had been captured by the Yellow Turbans; his subjects ransomed him, and the court debated restoring his kingdom. Advisory Gentleman Li Xie said, "Xu failed as a frontier prince and disgraced the dynasty—his kingdom should not be restored." The court rejected his counsel. Xie was convicted of slandering the imperial house and sentenced to penal labor; before a year passed the prince was executed, and Xie was reappointed advisory gentleman. A saying circulated in the capital: "The father refused to make an emperor; the son refused to restore a prince."
58
14冬，十月，皇甫嵩與張角弟梁戰於廣宗，梁眾精勇，嵩不能剋。 明日，乃閉營休士以觀其變，知賊意稍懈，乃潛夜勒兵，雞鳴，馳赴其陳，戰至晡時，大破之，斬梁，獲首三萬級，赴河死者五萬許人。 角先已病死，剖棺戮屍，傳首京師。 十一月，嵩復攻角弟寶於下曲陽，斬之，斬獲十餘萬人。 即拜嵩為左車騎將軍領冀州牧，封槐裡侯。 嵩能溫恤士卒，每軍行頓止，須營幔修立，然後就捨，軍士皆食，爾乃嘗飯，故所向有功。
14 In the tenth month of winter, Huangfu Song fought Zhang Liang, Zhang Jiao's brother, at Guangzong; Liang's troops were elite and fierce, and Song could not defeat them. The next day he closed camp and rested his troops to watch for changes; sensing the rebels had slackened, he secretly rallied his army by night and at cockcrow charged their formation; fighting until mid-afternoon, he routed them, killed Liang, took thirty thousand heads, and some fifty thousand drowned fleeing into the river. Zhang Jiao had already died of illness; they exhumed his corpse, mutilated it, and sent his head to the capital. In the eleventh month, Song attacked Zhang Bao at Xiaquyang, killed him, and captured or killed over a hundred thousand rebels. Song was immediately appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry on the Left and governor of Ji province, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Huaili. Song treated his soldiers with kindness; whenever the army halted, he waited until camp was fully set before resting, and only ate after his men had been fed—hence his consistent success.
59
15北地先零羌及枹罕、河關群盜反，共立湟中義從胡北宮伯玉、李文侯為將軍，殺護羌校尉泠徵。 金城人邊章、韓遂素著名西州，群盜誘而劫之，使專任軍政，殺金城太守陳懿，攻燒州郡。
15 The Xianling Qiang of Beidi and bandit groups at Baohan and Heguan rebelled, installing Beigong Boyu and Li Wenhou, Yi-cong Hu of Huangzhong, as generals, and killing Protector of the Qiang Leng Zheng. Bian Zhang and Han Sui of Jincheng were renowned figures in the northwest; the rebels coerced them into leading military and civil affairs, killed Jincheng grand administrator Chen Yi, and raided and burned towns across the region.
60
初，武威太守倚恃權貴，恣行貪暴，涼州從事武都蘇正和案致其罪。 刺史梁鵠懼，欲殺正和以免其負，訪於漢陽長史敦煌蓋勳。 勳素與正和有仇，或勸勳因此報之，勳曰：「謀事殺良，非忠也； 乘人之危，非仁也。」 乃諫鵠曰：「夫紲食鷹隼，欲其鷙也。 鷙而亨之，將何用哉！」 鵠乃止。 正和詣勳求謝，勳不見，曰：「吾為梁使君謀，不為蘇正和也。」 怨之如初。
Earlier, the grand administrator of Wuwei, backed by powerful patrons, was notoriously corrupt; Su Zhenghe, aide of Liang province from Wudu, investigated and exposed his crimes. Inspector Liang Hu, frightened, wanted to kill Zhenghe to escape blame and consulted Gai Xun of Dunhuang, chief clerk of Hanyang. Xun had long been enemies with Zhenghe; some urged him to seize the chance for revenge. Xun said, "Plotting to kill an honest man is not loyal; taking advantage of someone's distress is not humane." He then advised Hu, saying, "You feed hawks on a leash because you want them fierce. But if you cook them the moment they're fierce, what good are they!" Hu desisted. Zhenghe came to thank Xun, but Xun refused to see him and said, "I did it for Inspector Liang—not for Su Zhenghe." His resentment remained unchanged.
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後刺史左昌盜軍穀數萬，勳諫之。 昌怒，使勳與從事辛曾、孔常別屯阿陽以拒賊，欲因軍事罪之； 而勳數有戰功。 及北宮伯玉之攻金城也，勳勸昌救之，昌不從。 陳懿既死，邊章等進圍昌於冀。 昌召勳等自救，辛曾等疑不肯赴，勳怒曰：「昔莊賈後期，穰苴奮劍。 今之從事，豈重於古之監軍乎！」 曾等懼而從之。 勳至冀，誚讓章等以背叛之罪。 皆曰：「左使君若早從君言，以兵臨我，庶可自改； 今罪已重，不得降也。」 乃解圍去。
Later, Inspector Zuo Chang embezzled tens of thousands of bushels of army grain; Xun admonished him. Chang, furious, posted Xun with aides Xin Zeng and Kong Chang at Ayang to hold off rebels, intending to get him killed in action; but Xun kept winning battles. When Beigong Boyu attacked Jincheng, Xun urged Chang to send relief, but Chang refused. After Chen Yi was killed, Bian Zhang and the others besieged Chang at Ji. Chang called on Xun and the others to save him; Xin Zeng and the others suspected a trap and hesitated. Xun snapped, "When Zhuang Jia was late, Rang Ju drew his sword. Are you aides more important than an ancient army supervisor!" Xin Zeng and the others, frightened, complied. When Xun reached Ji, he rebuked Bian Zhang and the others for treason. They all said, "If Inspector Zuo had listened to you earlier and moved against us with troops, we might have mended our ways; now our crimes are too grave—we cannot surrender." They then broke off the siege and withdrew.
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叛羌圍校尉夏育於畜官，勳與州郡合兵救育，至狐槃，為羌所敗。 勳餘眾不及百人，身被三創，堅坐不動，指木表曰：「尸我於此！」 句就種羌滇吾以兵扞眾曰：「蓋長史賢人，汝曹殺之者為負天。」 勳仰罵曰：「死反虜，汝何如，促來殺我！」 眾相視而驚。 滇吾下馬與勳，勳不肯上，遂為羌所執。 羌服其義勇，不敢加害，送還漢陽。 後刺史楊雍表勳領漢陽太守。
Rebellious Qiang besieged Commandant Xia Yu at Xuguan; Xun joined provincial and commandery forces to relieve him but was defeated by the Qiang at Hupan. Xun had fewer than a hundred men left and three wounds, yet sat unmoving, pointing to a marker post and saying, "Bury my body here!" Dianwu of the Judou Qiang blocked the mob with troops and cried, "Chief Clerk Gai is a good man—whoever kills him defies Heaven." Xun looked up and shouted, "Damned traitors—what are you waiting for? Come kill me!" The warriors exchanged startled glances. Dianwu dismounted and offered Xun his horse; Xun refused and was taken captive. The Qiang respected his courage and did not harm him, escorting him back to Hanyang. Later, Inspector Yang Yong recommended Xun to serve as grand administrator of Hanyang.
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16張曼成餘黨更以趙弘為帥，眾復盛，至十餘萬，據宛城。 朱儁與荊州刺史徐璆等合兵圍之，自六月至八月不拔。 有司奏徵儁，司空張溫上疏曰：「昔秦用白起，燕任樂毅，皆曠年歷載，乃能克敵。 儁討潁川已有功效，引師南指，方略已設； 臨軍易將，兵家所忌，宜假日月，責其成功。」 帝乃止。 儁擊弘，斬之。 賊帥韓忠復據宛拒儁，儁鳴鼓攻其西南，賊悉眾赴之； 儁自將精卒掩其東北，乘城而入。 忠乃退保小城，惶懼乞降。 諸將皆欲聽之，儁曰：「兵固有形同而勢異者。 昔秦、項之際，民無定主，故賞附以勸來耳。 今海內一統，唯黃巾造逆。 納降無以勸善，討之足以懲惡。 今若受之，更開逆意，賊利則進戰，鈍則乞降，縱敵長寇，非良計也。」 因急攻，連戰不克。 儁登土山望之，顧謂司馬張超曰：「吾知之矣。 賊今外圍周固，內營逼急，乞降不受，欲出不得，所以死戰也。 萬人一心，猶不可當，況十萬乎！ 不如徹圍，並兵入城，忠見圍解，勢必自出。 自出則意散，〔易〕破之道也乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同。」 《後漢書．朱儁列傳》同，據補。。 既而解圍，忠果出戰，儁因擊，大破之，斬首萬餘級。 南陽太守秦頡殺忠，餘眾復奉孫夏為帥，還屯宛。 儁急攻之，司馬孫堅率眾先登； 癸巳，拔宛城。 孫夏走，儁追至西鄂精山，復破之，斬萬餘級。 於是黃巾破散，其餘州郡所誅，一郡數千人。
16 Zhang Mancheng's survivors made Zhao Hong their leader; their numbers swelled to over a hundred thousand, and they held Wancheng. Zhu Jun and Jing province inspector Xu Qiu besieged the city from the sixth month through the eighth without success. The relevant offices recommended recalling Jun; Minister of Works Zhang Wen submitted a memorial, saying, "Qin employed Bai Qi and Yan entrusted Yue Yi—both needed years to defeat their enemies. Jun has already succeeded in Yingchuan, is marching south, and his strategy is in place; changing commanders mid-campaign is a military taboo—give him time and hold him to success." The Emperor agreed and desisted. Jun attacked Hong and killed him. Bandit leader Han Zhong again held Wan against Jun; Jun launched a drum-led assault on the southwest, drawing all rebel forces there; Jun personally led elite troops in a surprise attack on the northeast and scaled the walls. Zhong retreated to an inner citadel, terrified, and begged to surrender. The generals all wanted to accept; Jun said, "In war, situations that look alike can differ utterly. In the Qin-Xiang era the people had no fixed ruler, so rewarding surrender encouraged others to join. Now the empire is unified—only the Yellow Turbans rebel. Accepting surrender rewards no virtue; crushing them punishes evil. If we accept them now, we invite rebellion—they fight when strong and surrender when weak; letting the enemy off only feeds the rebellion. That is no good strategy." He pressed the attack, but repeated assaults failed. Jun climbed a hill to survey the field and told Major Zhang Chao, "I see the problem. They're tightly besieged outside and desperate within; we won't accept surrender and they can't escape—that's why they fight to the death. Ten thousand men fighting as one are unstoppable—how much worse a hundred thousand! Better to lift the siege and concentrate inside the city—once Zhong sees the encirclement broken, he'll come out on his own. the Yi eleven-line edition matches;5 Kong's edition matches; Zhang's collation concurs." The Biography of Zhu Jun in the Book of the Later Han agrees; supplied from that source. The siege was lifted; Zhong came out to fight as predicted, and Jun attacked, routing him and taking over ten thousand heads. Qin Jie, grand administrator of Nanyang, killed Zhong; the survivors made Sun Xia their leader and returned to Wan. Jun pressed the attack; Major Sun Jian led the vanguard over the walls; On guisi day, they captured Wancheng. Sun Xia fled, and Zhu Jun pursued him to Jingshan in Xie, routed him again, and took more than ten thousand heads. The Yellow Turbans were thus broken up and scattered, and in the other commanderies and provinces those executed ran to several thousand in a single commandery.
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17十二月，己巳，赦天下，改元。
17 In the twelfth month, on the day jisi, the empire was granted a general amnesty and the reign title was changed.
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18豫州刺史太原王允破黃巾，得張讓賓客書，與黃巾交通，上之。 上責怒讓； 讓叩頭陳謝，竟亦不能罪也。 讓由是以事中允，遂傳下獄，會赦，還為刺史； 旬日間，復以它罪被捕。 楊賜不欲使更楚辱，遣客謝之曰：「君以張讓之事，故一月再征，凶慝難量，幸為深計！」 諸從事好氣決者，共流涕奉藥而進之。 允厲聲曰：「吾為人臣，獲罪於君，當伏大辟以謝天下，豈有乳藥求死乎！」 投杯而起，出就檻車。 既至〔廷尉〕乙十一行本同； 孔本同； 張校同； 退齋校同。 《後漢書．王允列傳》同，據補。，大將軍進與楊賜、袁隗共上疏請之，得減死論。
18 Wang Yun of Taiyuan, Inspector of Yuzhou, defeated the Yellow Turbans and found letters from Zhang Rang's clients showing contact with the rebels, which he forwarded to the throne. The emperor rebuked Zhang Rang in anger; Zhang Rang kowtowed and apologized, yet in the end no punishment could be imposed on him. Zhang Rang therefore worked against Wang Yun inside the palace; Yun was sent down to prison, but when an amnesty was issued he was reinstated as inspector; within ten days he was arrested again on another charge. Yang Ci did not wish to see him humiliated further and sent a messenger to urge him: "Sir, because of the Zhang Rang affair you have been summoned twice in a single month; vicious malice is hard to fathom—please think carefully for yourself!" His staff members who were bold and high-spirited wept together as they offered him poison and pressed him to take it. Wang Yun said sternly: "I am a subject who has offended his ruler; I ought to accept capital punishment to answer to the empire—how could I take poison to seek death!" He threw down the cup, rose, went out, and entered the prisoner's cart. the Yi eleven-line edition agrees;6 Kong's edition agrees; Zhang's collation agrees; Tui Zhai's collation agrees. The Biography of Wang Yun in the Book of the Later Han agrees; supplied from that source. The Grand Marshal He Jin, together with Yang Ci and Yuan Kui, jointly submitted a memorial asking mercy for him, and his sentence was reduced from death.
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1春，正月，大疫。
1 In the first month of spring, a great epidemic broke out.
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2二月，己酉，南宮雲臺災。 庚戌，樂城門災。
2 In the second month, on the day jiyou, fire destroyed the Cloud Platform in the Southern Palace. On the day gengxu, the Yuecheng Gate burned.
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中常侍張讓、趙忠說帝斂天下田，畝十錢，以修宮室、鑄銅人。 樂安太守陸康上疏諫曰：「昔魯宣稅畝而蝝災自生。 哀公增賦而孔子非之，豈有聚奪民物以營無用之銅人，捐捨聖戒，自蹈亡王之法哉！」 內幸譖康援引亡國以譬聖明，大不敬，檻車徵詣廷尉。 侍御史劉岱表陳解釋，得免歸田里。 康，續之孫也。
The Regular Palace Attendants Zhang Rang and Zhao Zhong persuaded the emperor to levy ten cash on every mu of farmland in the empire to repair the palaces and cast bronze statues. Lu Kang, Administrator of Le'an, submitted a memorial of remonstrance: "In former times Duke Xuan of Lu taxed fields by the mu, and locust larvae appeared of their own accord. Duke Ai of Lu raised taxes and Confucius condemned him—how can we seize the people's goods to pay for useless bronze statues, cast aside the sage's warnings, and walk the path of doomed kings!" The emperor's intimate attendants slandered Lu Kang for citing fallen states as a warning to the sage ruler—an act of great disrespect—and he was summoned in a prison cart to the Minister of Justice. The Attendant Censor Liu Dai submitted a memorial explaining and excusing him, and Lu Kang was pardoned and sent home. Lu Kang was a grandson of Lu Xu.
69
又詔發州郡材木文石，部送京師。 黃門常侍輒令譴呵不中者，因強折賤買，僅得本賈十分之一，因復貨之，宦官復不為即受，材木遂至腐積，宮室連年不成。 刺史、太守復增私調，百姓呼嗟。 又令西園騶分道督趣，恐動州郡，多受賕賂。 刺史、二千石及茂才、孝廉遷除皆至西園諧價，然後得去，其守清者乞不之官，皆迫遣之。 時巨鹿太守河內司馬直新除，以有清名，減責三百萬。 直被詔，悵然曰：「為民父母而反割剝百姓以稱時求，吾不忍也。」 辭疾，不聽。 行至孟津，上書極陳當世之失，即吞藥自殺。 書奏，帝為暫絕修宮錢。
Another edict ordered timber and inscribed stone from the commanderies and provinces to be sent to the capital by quota. The Regular Attendants of the Yellow Gates would rebuke and condemn deliveries that failed to meet standards, then forcibly discount and buy cheap, paying only a tenth of the true price; they would resell the goods, yet the eunuchs again would not accept them promptly—timber rotted in heaps and the palaces went unfinished year after year. Inspectors and grand administrators added private surcharges on top of this, and the people groaned in distress. Grooms from the Western Garden were also sent along separate routes to supervise deliveries, terrifying the commanderies and provinces and taking many bribes. Inspectors, officials of two-thousand-shi rank, and appointees among Emeritus Talents and Filial Sons of Integrity all had to come to the Western Garden to negotiate the fee before they could take up their posts; those known for integrity begged not to serve, but all were forced to go. At that time Sima Zhi of Henei had just been appointed Grand Administrator of Julu; because he had a reputation for integrity, his fee was reduced by three million cash. When Sima Zhi received the edict, he said in anguish: "To be called father and mother to the people yet strip the common people to satisfy the demands of the age—I cannot bear it." He pleaded illness, but his request was denied. When he reached Meng Ford he submitted a memorial setting forth the gravest failures of the age, then swallowed poison and killed himself. When the memorial arrived, the emperor temporarily suspended funds for palace repairs.
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3以朱儁為右車騎將軍。
3 Zhu Jun was appointed General of the Chariots of the Right.
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4自張角之亂，所在盜賊並起，博陵張牛角、常山褚飛燕及黃龍、左校、于氐根、張白騎、劉石、左髭〔丈〕( 文) 八文) 八據《魏志．張燕列傳》裴注引張璠《漢紀》改。、平漢大計、司隸緣城、雷公、浮雲、白雀、楊鳳、于毒、五鹿、李大目、白繞、眭固、苦蝤之徒，不可勝數，大者二三萬，小者六七千人。 張牛角、褚飛燕合軍攻癭陶，牛角中流矢且死，令其眾奉飛燕為帥，改姓張。 飛燕名燕，輕勇走趫捷，故軍中號曰「飛燕」。 山谷寇賊多附之，部眾寢廣，殆至百萬，號「黑山賊」，河北諸郡縣並被其害，朝廷不能討。 燕乃遣使至京師，奏書乞降； 遂拜燕平難中郎將，使領河北諸山谷事，歲得舉孝廉、計吏。
4 After the rebellion of Zhang Jue, bandits rose everywhere: Zhang Niujiao of Boling, Chu Feiyan of Changshan, and Huanglong, Zuoxiao, Yudi Gen, Zhang Baiqi, Liu Shi, Zuoizi〔Zhang〕( Wen) Wen)7 Ba—emended according to Pei Songzhi's note on the Biography of Zhang Yan in the Records of Wei, citing Zhang Fan's Annals of Han. , Pinghan Daji, Silu Yuancheng, Leigong, Fuyun, Baique, Yang Feng, Yudu, Wulu, Li Damu, Bai Rao, Suigu, Kuqiu, and the like—too many to count; the largest bands had twenty or thirty thousand men, the smallest six or seven thousand. Zhang Niujiao and Chu Feiyan joined forces to attack Yingtao; Niujiao was struck by an arrow and lay dying, and he ordered his men to take Feiyan as their leader and adopt the surname Zhang. Feiyan's given name was Yan; he was light, brave, and fleet of foot, so the army called him "Flying Swallow." “Mountain bandits flocked to him in great numbers until his following neared a million; they were called the Black Mountain bandits, and commanderies and counties throughout Hebei suffered at their hands while the court proved unable to suppress them.” Zhang Yan then sent an envoy to the capital with a memorial asking to surrender; he was appointed General Who Pacifies Difficulties and charged with overseeing affairs in the valleys of Hebei, with the right each year to recommend Filial Sons of Integrity and clerks for the annual accounts.
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5司徒袁隗免。 三月，以廷尉崔烈為司徒。 烈，寔之從兄也。
5 Yuan Kui was dismissed from office as Minister over the Masses. In the third month, Cui Lie, Minister of Justice, was appointed Minister over the Masses. Cui Lie was a paternal cousin of Cui Shi.
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是時，三公往往因常侍、阿保入錢西園而得之，段穎、張溫等雖有功勤名譽，然皆行輸貨財，乃登公位。 烈因傅母入錢五百萬，故得為司徒。 及拜日，天子臨軒，百僚畢會，帝顧謂親幸者曰：「悔不小靳，可至千萬！」 程夫人於傍應曰：「崔公，冀州名士，豈肯買官！ 賴我得是，反不知姝邪！」 烈由是聲譽頓衰。
At this time the Three Excellencies often gained office because eunuchs and foster fathers paid money into the Western Garden; men such as Duan Yong and Zhang Wen, though they had merit and reputation, all paid bribes before reaching high office. Cui Lie became Minister over the Masses because his foster mother paid five million cash into the Western Garden. On the day of his appointment the emperor came to the hall with all officials assembled, and turning to his intimates said: "I regret not driving a harder bargain—it could have fetched ten million!" Lady Cheng, standing beside him, replied: "Master Cui is a celebrated gentleman of Jizhou—would he ever buy his office! It was only thanks to me that you got this—don't you even know how clever I am!" From that moment Cui Lie's reputation collapsed.
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6北宮伯玉等寇三輔，詔左車騎將軍皇甫嵩鎮長安以討之。
6 Beigong Boyu and his followers raided the Three Metropolises, and an edict ordered Huangfu Song, General of the Chariots of the Left, to garrison Chang'an and suppress them.
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時涼州兵亂不解，徵發天下役賦無已，崔烈以為宜棄涼州。 詔會公卿百官議之，議郎傅燮厲言曰：「斬司徒，天下乃安！」 尚書奏燮廷辱大臣。 帝以問燮，對曰：「樊噲以冒頓悖逆，憤激思奮，未失人臣之節，季布猶曰『噲可斬也』。 今涼州天下要衝，國家籓衛。 高祖初興，使酈商別定隴石； 世宗拓境，列置四郡，議者以為斷匈奴右臂。 今牧御失和，使一州叛逆； 烈為宰相，不念為國思所以弭之之策，乃欲割棄一方萬里之土，臣竊惑之！ 若使左衽之虜得居此地，士勁甲堅，因以為亂，此天下之至慮，社稷之深憂也。 若烈不知，是極蔽也； 知而故言，是不忠也。」 帝善而從之。
Rebellion in Liangzhou remained unsettled, and levies and corvée were raised across the empire without cease; Cui Lie argued that Liangzhou should be abandoned. An edict ordered the high officials to assemble for deliberation; Gentleman Consultant Fu Xie declared forcefully: "Behead the Minister over the Masses, and the empire will be at peace!" The Masters of Writing memorialized that Fu Xie had insulted a high minister at court. The emperor questioned Fu Xie, who answered: "When Fan Kuai, stirred by Modu's rebellion, burned with indignation and wished to act, he did not cease to be a loyal subject—yet Ji Bu still said, 'Kuai deserves execution. Liangzhou is the empire's vital gateway and the state's frontier shield. When Emperor Gaozu first rose, he sent Li Shang to secure Long and Shi; Emperor Wu expanded the frontier and established four commanderies there; statesmen held that this severed the Xiongnu's right arm. Now poor governance has driven a whole province into rebellion; yet Cui Lie, as chief minister, instead of devising how to pacify it for the state, proposes to cast off a domain ten thousand li square—I am deeply troubled! If barbarians were allowed to hold this land, with fierce soldiers and strong armor, and then use it to make trouble, that would be the empire's gravest fear and the state's deepest peril. If Cui Lie does not understand this, he is utterly blind; if he knows and speaks thus anyway, he is disloyal." The emperor approved and accepted his view.
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7夏，四月，庚戌，大雨雹。
7 In the fourth month of summer, on the day gengxu, heavy rain and hail fell.
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8五月，太慰鄧盛罷； 以太僕河南張延為太尉。
8 In the fifth month, Grand Commandant Deng Sheng was dismissed; Zhang Yan of Henan, Grand Steward, was appointed Grand Commandant.
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9六月，以討張角功，封中常侍張讓等十二人為列侯。
9 In the sixth month, for merit in suppressing Zhang Jue, twelve men including the Regular Palace Attendant Zhang Rang were enfeoffed as full marquises.
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10秋，七月，三輔螟。
10 In the seventh month of autumn, locust larvae infested the Three Metropolises.
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11皇甫嵩之討張角也，過鄴，見中常侍趙忠舍宅逾制，奏沒入之。 又中常侍張讓私求錢五千萬，嵩不與。 二人由是奏嵩連戰無功，功費者多，徵嵩還，收左軍騎將車印綬，削戶六千。 八月，以司空張溫為車騎將軍，執金吾袁滂為副，以討北宮伯玉； 拜中郎將董卓為破虜將軍，與蕩寇將軍周慎並統於溫。
11 While Huangfu Song was campaigning against Zhang Jue, he passed through Ye and found that the mansion of the Regular Palace Attendant Zhao Zhong exceeded prescribed limits; he memorialized that it be confiscated. The Regular Palace Attendant Zhang Rang also privately demanded fifty million cash, but Huangfu Song refused. The two men therefore memorialized that Huangfu Song had fought repeatedly without success and wasted public funds; he was recalled, stripped of his seals and ribbons as General of the Chariots of the Left, and six thousand households were cut from his fief. In the eighth month, Zhang Wen, Minister of Works, was appointed General of the Chariots and Cavalry, with Yuan Pang, Bearer of the Mace, as his deputy, to campaign against Beigong Boyu; Dong Zhuo, General of the Gentlemen of the Household, was appointed General Who Breaks the Barbarians, and he and Zhou Shen, General Who Routes the Bandits, were placed under Zhang Wen's command.
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12九月，以特進楊賜為司空。 冬，十月，庚寅，臨晉文烈侯楊賜薨。 以光祿大夫許相為司空。 相，訓之子也。
12 In the ninth month, Yang Ci, Special Advance, was appointed Minister of Works. Yang Ci, Marquis Wenlie of Linjin, died.8 Xu Xiang, Grandee Secretary, was appointed Minister of Works. Xu Xiang was a son of Xu Xun.
82
13諫議大夫劉陶上言：「天下前遇張角之亂，後遭邊章之寇，今西羌逆類已攻河東，恐遂轉盛，豕突上京。 民有百走退死之心，而無一前鬥生之計，西寇浸前，車騎孤危，假令失利，其敗不救。 臣自知言數見厭，而言不自裁者，以為國安則臣蒙其慶，國危則臣亦先亡也。 謹復陳當今要急八事。」 大較言天下大亂，皆由宦官。 宦官共讒陶曰：「前張角事發，詔書示以威恩，自此以來，各各改悔。 今者四方安靜，而陶疾害聖政，專言妖孽。 州郡不上，陶何緣知？ 疑陶與賊通情。」 於是收陶下黃門北寺獄，掠按日急。 陶謂使者曰：「臣恨不與伊、呂同疇，而以三仁為輩。 今上殺忠謇之臣，下有憔悴之民，亦在不久，後悔何及！」 遂閉氣而死。 前司徒陳耽為人忠正，宦官怨之，亦誣陷，死獄中。
13 Grandee Remonstrator Liu Tao submitted: "The empire has already suffered Zhang Jue's rebellion and Bian Zhang's raid; now rebellious Qiang of the west have attacked Hedong, and I fear they will grow stronger and charge like wild boars upon the capital. The people are ready to flee a hundred ways toward death, yet no one thinks to advance and fight for life; the western enemy presses closer day by day, and the army of Chariots and Cavalry stands isolated and imperiled—if it should suffer defeat, the ruin will be beyond remedy. I know my words are often unwelcome, yet I cannot restrain myself, for when the state is secure I share in its good fortune, and when the state is in peril I perish with it. I respectfully present again eight urgent matters of the present day." In substance he argued that the empire's great disorder arose entirely from the eunuchs. The eunuchs jointly slandered Liu Tao, saying: "When the Zhang Jue affair broke out, an edict displayed both sternness and mercy, and since then each has reformed. Now the four quarters are at peace, yet Liu Tao maligns the sage government and speaks only of omens and evil. If the commanderies and provinces report nothing, how does Liu Tao know? We suspect Liu Tao is in league with the rebels." Thereupon Liu Tao was arrested and sent to the Northern Prison of the Yellow Gates, where torture and interrogation grew fiercer by the day. Liu Tao told the messenger: "I regret that I am not counted with Yi Yin and Lü Shang, but am ranked instead with the Three Benevolent Ones. Now the throne kills loyal and outspoken ministers while the people below waste away—it will not be long before regret comes too late!" He then held his breath until he died. The former Minister over the Masses Chen Dan was a loyal and upright man; the eunuchs hated him, framed him as well, and he died in prison.
83
14張溫將諸郡兵步騎十餘萬屯美陽，邊章、韓遂亦進兵美陽，溫與戰，輒不利。 十一月，董卓與右扶風鮑鴻等並兵攻章、遂，大破之，章、遂走榆中。
14 Zhang Wen led more than a hundred thousand infantry and cavalry from the commanderies and encamped at Meiyang; Bian Zhang and Han Sui also advanced on Meiyang, and in battle Zhang Wen was repeatedly defeated. In the eleventh month, Dong Zhuo and Bao Hong of Right Fufeng joined forces to attack Zhang and Sui, routed them decisively, and drove Zhang and Sui to flee to Yuzhong.
84
溫遣周慎將三萬人追之。 參軍事孫堅說慎曰：「賊城中無穀，當外轉糧食，堅願得萬人斷其運道，將軍以大兵繼後，賊必困乏而不敢戰，走入羌中，並力討之，則涼州可定也！」 慎不從，引軍圍榆中城，而章、遂分屯葵園峽，反斷慎運道，慎懼，棄車重而退。 溫又使董卓將兵三萬討先零羌，羌、胡圍卓於望垣北，糧食乏絕，乃於所度水中偽立堰以捕魚，而潛從堰下過軍。 比賊追之，決水已深，不得度，遂還屯扶風。
Zhang Wen sent Zhou Shen with thirty thousand men in pursuit. Staff Officer Sun Jian urged Zhou Shen: "The rebels have no grain in the city and must bring supplies from outside. Give me ten thousand men to cut their supply lines while you follow with the main army; they will be exhausted and afraid to fight, driven into Qiang territory where we can combine forces to destroy them, and Liangzhou will be pacified!" Zhou Shen refused, besieged Yuzhong instead, while Zhang and Sui split their forces at Kuiyuan Gorge and cut his supply lines; Shen panicked, abandoned his baggage train, and retreated. Zhang Wen also sent Dong Zhuo with thirty thousand men against the Xianling Qiang; Qiang and Hu surrounded Zhuo north of Wangyuan until his supplies ran out; he pretended to build a weir in the ford to catch fish while secretly passing his army beneath it. When the enemy pursued, the released water was already too deep to cross, and Zhuo withdrew to garrison Fufeng.
85
張溫以詔書召卓，卓良久乃詣溫； 溫責讓卓，卓應對不順。 孫堅前耳語謂溫曰：「卓不怖罪而鴟張大語，宜以召不時至，陳軍法斬之。」 溫曰：「卓素著威名於河、隴之間，今日殺之，西行無依。」 堅曰：「明公親率王師，威震天下，何賴於卓！ 觀卓所言，不假明公，輕上無禮，一罪也； 章、遂跋扈經年，當以時進討，而卓云未可，沮軍疑眾，二罪也； 卓受任無功，應召稽留，而軒昂自高，三罪也。 古之名將仗鉞臨眾，未有不斷斬以成功者也。 今明公垂意於卓，不即加誅，虧損威刑，於是在矣。」 溫不忍發，乃曰：「君且還，卓將疑人。」 堅遂出。
Zhang Wen summoned Dong Zhuo by imperial edict, but Zhuo delayed a long time before presenting himself; Zhang Wen rebuked him, and Zhuo answered insolently. Sun Jian stepped forward and whispered to Zhang Wen: "Zhuo shows no fear of punishment yet speaks arrogantly; you should cite his failure to answer the summons promptly and execute him by military law." Zhang Wen said: "Zhuo has long held prestige between the Yellow River and Long; if we kill him now, we will have no support on the western campaign." Sun Jian said: "Your Excellency personally leads the imperial army, whose prestige shakes the empire—why rely on Zhuo! Judging by Zhuo's words, he shows no deference to you, treats his superiors lightly and without propriety—that is his first crime; Zhang and Sui have been defiant for years and should be attacked promptly, yet Zhuo says the time is not right, dampening morale and sowing doubt in the ranks—that is his second crime; Zhuo accepted command without merit, delayed answering the summons, yet carries himself arrogantly—that is his third crime. Famous generals of old who bore the battle-axe before their troops never won success without executing offenders when necessary. If Your Excellency now shows leniency toward Zhuo and does not execute him at once, your authority and discipline will suffer here and now." Zhang Wen could not bring himself to act and said: "Go back for now—Zhuo will become suspicious." Sun Jian then withdrew.
86
15是歲，帝造萬金堂於西園，引司農金錢、繒帛牣積堂中，復藏寄小黃門、常侍家錢各數千萬，又於河間買田宅，起第觀。
15 That year the emperor built the Hall of Ten Thousand Gold in the Western Garden, filling it with money from the Minister of Finance and heaps of silk and brocade; he also stashed tens of millions in the homes of junior eunuchs and Regular Attendants, bought estates in Hejian, and built mansions and towers.
87
1春，二月，江夏兵趙慈反，殺南陽太守秦頡。
1 In the second month of spring, Zhao Ci, a soldier of Jiangxia, rebelled and killed Qin Jie, Grand Administrator of Nanyang.
88
2庚戌，赦天下。
2 On the day gengxu, the empire was granted a general amnesty.
89
3太尉張延罷。 遣使者持節就長安拜張溫為太尉。 三公在外始於溫。
3 Grand Commandant Zhang Yan was dismissed. An envoy bearing credentials was sent to Chang'an to appoint Zhang Wen Grand Commandant. This was the first time a member of the Three Excellencies held office while stationed outside the capital.
90
4以中常侍趙忠為車騎將軍。 帝使忠論討黃巾之功，執金吾甄舉謂忠曰：「傅南容前在東軍，有功不侯，天下失望。 今將軍親當重任，宜進賢理屈，以副眾心。」 忠納其言，遣弟城門校尉延致殷勤於傅燮。 延謂燮曰：「南容少答我常侍，萬戶侯不足得也！」 燮正色拒之曰：「有功不論，命也。 傅燮豈求私賞哉！」 忠愈懷恨，然憚其名，不敢害，出為漢陽太守。
4 The Regular Palace Attendant Zhao Zhong was appointed General of the Chariots and Cavalry. The emperor had Zhao Zhong assess merit in suppressing the Yellow Turbans; Bearer of the Mace Zhen Ju told him: "Fu Nanrong served in the eastern army with distinction yet received no enfeoffment, and the empire was disappointed. Now that you personally bear heavy responsibility, you should advance the worthy and set matters right to satisfy public expectation." Zhao Zhong accepted this advice and sent his younger brother, Colonel of the City Gates, to extend cordial attentions to Fu Xie. Yan told Fu Xie: "Nanrong once obliged my brother the Regular Attendant—a marquisate of ten thousand households is well within reach!" Fu Xie refused him sternly: "If merit goes unrewarded, that is fate. Would Fu Xie seek a private reward!" Zhao Zhong hated him all the more, yet feared his reputation and did not dare harm him; Fu Xie was sent out as Grand Administrator of Hanyang.
91
5帝使鉤盾令宋典繕修南宮玉堂，又使掖庭令畢嵐鑄四銅人，又鑄四鐘，皆受二千斛。 又鑄天祿、蝦蟆吐水於平門外橋東，轉水入宮。 又作翻車、渴烏，施於橋西，用灑南北郊路，以為可省百姓灑道之費。
5 The emperor had Director of the Hooked Shield Song Dian repair the Jade Hall of the Southern Palace, and Director of the Palace Harem Bi Lan cast four bronze statues and four bells, each holding two thousand hu. He also cast Tianlu and spouting-toad figures east of the bridge outside Ping Gate to channel water into the palace. He also built overturning carts and thirsty-crow water-lifters west of the bridge to sprinkle the southern and northern suburban roads, believing this would spare the people the cost of watering the streets.
92
6五月，壬辰晦，日有食之。
6 On the last day of the fifth month, renchen, there was a solar eclipse.
93
7六月，荊州刺史王敏討趙慈，斬之。 車騎將軍趙忠罷。
7 In the sixth month, Wang Min, Inspector of Jingzhou, attacked Zhao Ci and beheaded him. General of the Chariots and Cavalry Zhao Zhong was dismissed.
94
8冬，十月，武陵蠻反，郡兵討破之。
8 In the tenth month of winter, the Wuling barbarians rebelled; commandery troops defeated them.
95
9前太尉張廷為宦官所譖，下獄死。
9 Former Grand Commandant Zhang Ting was slandered by the eunuchs, imprisoned, and died.
96
10十二月，鮮卑寇幽、并二州。
10 In the twelfth month, the Xianbei raided You and Bing provinces.
97
11徵張溫還京師。
11 Zhang Wen was recalled to the capital.
98
1春，正月，己卯，赦天下。
1 In the first month of spring, on the day jimao, the empire was granted a general amnesty.
99
2二月，滎陽賊殺中矣令。 三月，河南尹何苗討滎陽賊，破之； 拜苗為車騎將軍。
2 In the second month, bandits of Xingyang killed the Commandant of the Guards. In the third month, He Miao, Intendant of Henan, attacked the Xingyang bandits and defeated them; He Miao was appointed General of the Chariots and Cavalry.
100
3韓遂殺邊章及北宮伯玉、李文侯，擁兵十餘萬，進圍隴西，太守李相如叛，與遂連和。
3 Han Sui killed Bian Zhang along with Beigong Boyu and Li Wenhou, gathered an army of more than a hundred thousand, and advanced to besiege Longxi; Grand Administrator Li Xiangru rebelled and joined forces with him.
101
涼州刺史耿鄙率六郡兵討遂。 鄙任治中程球，球通姦利，士民怨之。 漢陽太守傅燮謂鄙曰：「使君統政日淺，民未知教。 賊聞大軍將至，必萬人一心，邊兵多勇，其鋒難當； 而新合之眾，上下未和，萬一內變，雖悔無及。 不若息軍養德，明賞必罰，賊得寬挺，必謂我怯，群惡爭勢，其離可必。 然後率已教之民，討成離之賊，其功可坐而待也。」 鄙不從。 夏，四月，鄙行至狄道，州別駕反應賊，先殺程球，次害鄙，賊遂進圍漢陽。 城中兵少糧盡，燮猶固守。
Geng Bi, Inspector of Liangzhou, led troops from six commanderies against Han Sui. Geng Bi relied on his Administrator of Affairs Cheng Qiu, who trafficked in illicit profit and earned the resentment of soldiers and civilians alike. Fu Xie, Grand Administrator of Hanyang, told Geng Bi: "You have governed only a short time, and the people are not yet accustomed to your rule. When the rebels hear a great army is coming, they will unite as one; frontier troops are fierce, and their charge will be hard to withstand; yet your newly assembled force is not yet united from top to bottom; if internal strife breaks out, regret will come too late. Better to rest the army, build morale, and make rewards and punishments clear; when the rebels gain breathing room they will think us timid, the wicked will fight among themselves for power, and their breakup is certain. Then lead a disciplined people against rebels already split apart, and victory can be won with ease." Geng Bi would not listen. In the fourth month of summer, when Geng Bi reached Didao, the provincial aide who sided with the rebels first killed Cheng Qiu, then killed Geng Bi, and the rebels advanced to besiege Hanyang. The city had few troops and little grain, yet Fu Xie still held firm.
102
時北地胡騎數千隨賊攻郡，皆夙懷燮恩，共於城外叩頭，求送燮歸鄉里。 燮子幹，年十三，言於燮曰：「國家昏亂，遂令大人不容於朝。 今後不足以自守，宜聽羌、胡之請，還鄉里，徐俟有道而輔之。」 言未終，燮慨然歎曰：「汝知吾必死邪！ 聖達節，次守節。 殷紂暴虐，伯夷不食周粟而死。 再遭世亂，不能養浩然之志，食祿，又欲避其難乎！ 吾行何之，必死於此！ 汝有才智，勉之勉之！ 主簿楊會，吾之程嬰也。」
Several thousand Hu horsemen of Beidi followed the rebels in attacking the commandery; they had long cherished Fu Xie's kindness and kowtowed outside the walls, begging to send him home safely. Fu Xie's son Gan, aged thirteen, said to him: "The state is in chaos, and you can no longer hold office at court. We cannot hold the city now; you should accept the Qiang and Hu request, return home, and wait for a worthy ruler to serve." Before he finished, Fu Xie sighed and said: "Do you know that I must die! The sage understands when to yield; next comes holding fast to integrity. King Zhou of Yin was cruel and tyrannical; Boyi refused to eat Zhou grain and died. Having twice lived through an age of chaos, unable to nurture lofty resolve, I have accepted salary—would you have me flee hardship now! Where would I go—I must die here! You have talent and wisdom—strive on, strive on! Chief Clerk Yang Hui will be my Cheng Ying."
103
狄道人王國使故酒泉太守黃衍說燮曰：「天下已非復漢有，府君寧有意為吾屬帥乎？」 燮按劍叱衍曰：「若剖符之臣，反為賊說邪！」 遂麾左右進兵，臨陳戰歿。 耿鄙司馬扶風馬騰亦擁兵反，與韓遂合，共推王國為主，寇掠三輔。
Wang Guo of Didao sent the former Grand Administrator of Jiuquan Huang Yan to persuade Fu Xie: "The empire is no longer Han's—would you not become our leader?" Fu Xie gripped his sword and shouted at Huang Yan: "You hold imperial commission—would you speak for rebels!" He then ordered his men forward and fell fighting on the battlefield. Geng Bi's Major Ma Teng of Fufeng also raised troops in rebellion, joined Han Sui, and together made Wang Guo their leader; they raided the Three Metropolises.
104
4太尉張溫以寇賊未平，免； 以司徒崔烈為太尉。 五月，以司空許相為司徒； 光祿勳沛國丁宮為司空。
4 Grand Commandant Zhang Wen was dismissed because the rebels were not yet pacified; Cui Lie, Minister over the Masses, was appointed Grand Commandant. In the fifth month, Xu Xiang, Minister of Works, was appointed Minister over the Masses; Ding Gong of Peiguo, Grandee of Brilliant Bliss, was appointed Minister of Works.
105
5初，張溫發幽州烏桓突騎三千以討涼州，故中山相漁陽張純請將之，溫不聽，而使涿令遼西公孫瓚將之。 軍到薊中，烏桓以牢稟逋縣，多叛還本國。 張純忿不得將，乃與同郡故泰山太守張舉及烏桓大人丘力居等連盟，劫略薊中，殺護烏桓校尉公綦稠、右北平太守劉政、遼東太守陽終等，眾至十餘萬，屯肥如。 舉稱天子，純稱彌天將軍、安定王，移收州郡，云舉當代漢，告天子避位，敕公卿奉迎。
5 Earlier, when Zhang Wen mobilized three thousand Wuhuan shock cavalry from Youzhou against Liangzhou, the former Chancellor of Zhongshan Zhang Chun of Yuyang asked to command them; Zhang Wen refused and sent Gongsun Zan of Liaoxi, magistrate of Zhuo, instead. When the army reached Ji, the Wuhuan, finding county provisions in arrears, mostly deserted and returned home. Zhang Chun, furious at being denied command, allied with the former Grand Administrator of Taishan Zhang Ju of his commandery and the Wuhuan chieftain Qiu Liju; they raided Ji, killed Colonel Protecting the Wuhuan Gongqi Chou, Grand Administrator of Right Beiping Liu Zheng, Grand Administrator of Liaodong Yang Zhong, and others; their force grew to more than a hundred thousand and encamped at Feiru. Zhang Ju declared himself emperor; Zhang Chun styled himself General Filling Heaven and King of Anding; they sent summons to the commanderies and provinces declaring that Zhang Ju would replace Han, telling the emperor to abdicate and ordering the high officials to welcome him.
106
6冬，十月，長沙賊區星自稱將軍，眾萬餘人； 詔以議郎孫堅為長沙太守，討擊平之，封堅烏程侯。
6 In the tenth month of winter, the Changsha bandit Ou Xing styled himself general with more than ten thousand followers; an edict appointed Gentleman Consultant Sun Jian Grand Administrator of Changsha; he attacked and pacified them, and Sun Jian was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wucheng.
107
7十一月，太尉崔烈罷； 以大司農曹嵩為太尉。
7 In the eleventh month, Grand Commandant Cui Lie was dismissed; Cao Song, Minister of the Imperial Clan, was appointed Grand Commandant.
108
8十二月，屠各胡反。
8 In the twelfth month, the Tuge Hu rebelled.
109
9是歲，賣關內侯，直五百萬錢。
9 That year, marquisates within the passes were sold for five million cash apiece.
110
10前大秋長陳寔卒，海內赴吊者三萬餘人。 寔在鄉閭，平心率物，其有爭論，輒求判正，曉譬曲直，退無怨者，至乃歎曰：「寧為刑罰所加，不為陳君所短！」 楊賜、陳耽，每拜公卿，群僚畢賀，輒歎寔大位未登，愧於先之。
10 Former Chief of the Great Autumn Chen Shi died, and more than thirty thousand mourners came from across the empire. In village life Chen Shi weighed matters fairly; when disputes arose people sought his judgment, and he explained right and wrong so clearly that none went away resentful; some even said: "Better to suffer punishment than to be faulted by Master Chen!" Whenever Yang Ci and Chen Dan were appointed to high office and all officials congratulated them, they sighed that Chen Shi had never reached high rank, ashamed to stand above him.
Footnotes
- The new moon of this month fell on guihai; there was no gengzi day, only gengwu
- "Therefore hamlets and settlements gathered together to〔bring about〕rebellion
- gengzi
- Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun together led more than forty thousand men in a joint campaign against the Yingchuan 〔Yellow Turbans〕
- Once they emerge their resolve collapses—that is how they become〔easy〕to defeat
- When he arrived at〔the Minister of Justice〕
- Ba
- In winter, the tenth month, on the day gengyin