1
資治通鑑第103卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 103
2
【晉紀二十五】起重光協洽，盡旃蒙大淵獻，凡五年。
[Jin Records 25] Covering the five years from the cyclical year Chongguang-Xieqia (369) through Zhanmeng-Dayuanxian (373).
3
春，正月，袁瑾、朱輔求救於秦，秦王堅以瑾為揚州刺史，輔為交州刺史，遣武衛將軍武都王鑒、前將軍張蚝帥步騎二萬救之。 大司馬溫遣淮南太守桓伊、南頓太守桓石虔等擊鑒、蚝於石橋，大破之，秦兵退屯慎城。 伊，宣之子也。 丁亥，溫拔壽春。 擒瑾及輔並其宗族，送建康斬之。
In the first month of spring, Yuan Jin and Zhu Fu appealed to Former Qin for help. King Fu Jian named Jin governor of Yangzhou and Fu governor of Jiaozhou, then dispatched the Martial Guard General, Prince of Wudu Wang Jian, and the Forward General Zhang Qie with twenty thousand foot and horse to their aid. Grand Marshal Huan Wen sent Huainan prefect Huan Yi, Nandun prefect Huan Shiqian, and others to strike Jian and Qie at Shiqiao. They won a crushing victory, and the Qin army fell back to Shencheng. Huan Yi was a son of Huan Xuan. On the dinghai day, Huan Wen took Shouchun. He seized Yuan Jin and Zhu Fu along with their kinsmen, sent them to the capital at Jiankang, and had them beheaded.
4
秦王堅徙關東豪傑及雜夷十五萬戶於關中，處烏桓於馮翊、北地，丁零翟斌於新安、澠池。 諸因亂流移、欲還舊業者，悉聽之。
King Fu Jian relocated a hundred and fifty thousand households of eastern elites and non-Han peoples into the Guanzhong heartland, resettling the Wuhuan in Fufeng and Beidi and the Dingling leader Zhai Bin in Xin'an and Mianchi. Anyone displaced by the wars who wished to go home and resume their former livelihood was allowed to do so.
5
二月，秦以魏郡太守韋鐘為青州刺史，中壘將軍梁成為兗州刺史，射聲校尉徐成為并州刺史，武衛將軍王鑒為豫州刺史，左將軍彭越為徐州刺史，太尉司馬皇甫覆為荊州刺史，屯騎校尉天水姜宇為涼州刺史，扶風內史王統為益州刺史，秦州刺史西縣侯雅為使持節、都督秦、晉、涼、雍州諸軍事、秦州牧，吏部尚書楊安為使持節、都督益、梁州諸軍事、梁州刺史。 復置雍州，治蒲阪； 以長樂公丕為使持節、征東大將軍、雍州刺史。 成，平老之子； 統，擢之子也。 堅以關東初平，守令宜得人，令王猛以便宜簡召英俊，補六州守令，授訖，言台除正。
In the second month Former Qin named Wei Zhong, prefect of Wei commandery, governor of Qingzhou; Liang Cheng, Central Rampart general, governor of Yanzhou; Xu Cheng, She Sheng commandant, governor of Bingzhou; Wang Jian, Martial Guard general, governor of Yuzhou; Peng Yue, Left general, governor of Xuzhou; Huangfu Fu, Grand Commandant's aide, governor of Jingzhou; Jiang Yu of Tianshui, Palace Cavalry commandant, governor of Liangzhou; Wang Tong, interior minister of Fufeng, governor of Yizhou; Marquis Ya of Xixian, governor of Qinzhou, bearer of the staff and commander over Qin, Jin, Liang, and Yong with the title Qinzhou governor-general; and Yang An, Minister of the Civil Service, bearer of the staff and commander over Yi and Liang as governor of Liangzhou. Yongzhou was restored, with its capital at Puban; and the Duke of Changle Fu Pi was appointed bearer of the staff, Grand General Who Conquers the East, and governor of Yongzhou. Liang Cheng was a son of Liang Pinglao; Wang Tong was a son of Wang Zhuo. With the east only just pacified, Fu Jian wanted the right men in local office. He told Wang Meng to recruit able men as he saw fit for the six provinces' prefects and magistrates, then report the appointments to the capital for formal ratification.
6
三月，壬辰，益州刺史建成定公周楚卒。
In the third month, on renchen, Zhou Chu, Duke Ding of Jiancheng and governor of Yizhou, died.
7
秦後將軍金城俱難攻蘭陵太守張閔子於桃山，大司馬溫遣兵擊卻之。
Former Qin's Rear General Ju Nan of Jincheng besieged Lanling prefect Zhang Minzi at Mount Tao. Huan Wen sent forces and repulsed him.
8
秦西縣侯雅、楊安、五統、徐成及羽林左監朱肜、揚武將軍姚萇帥步騎七萬伐仇池公楊纂。
Marquis Ya of Xixian, Yang An, Wang Tong, Xu Cheng, Left Inspector of the Feathered Forest Zhu Rong, and Martial Valor General Yao Chang led seventy thousand foot and horse against Yang Zuan, Duke of Chouchi.
9
代將長孫斤謀弒代王什翼犍，世子寔格之，傷脅，遂執斤，殺之。
The Dai general Changsun Jin plotted to murder King Shiyijian. The heir Shi intercepted him, took a wound in the side, seized Jin, and executed him.
10
夏，四月，戊午，大赦。
In the fourth month of summer, on wuwu, a general amnesty was declared.
11
秦兵至鷲峽，楊纂帥眾五萬拒之。 梁州刺史弘農楊亮遣督護郭寶、卜靖帥千餘騎助纂，與秦兵戰於峽中； 纂兵大敗，死者什三、四。 寶等亦沒，纂收散兵遁還。 西縣侯雅進攻仇池，楊統帥武都之眾降秦。 纂懼，面縛出降，雅送纂於長安。 以統為南秦州刺史； 加楊安都督南秦州諸軍事，鎮仇池。
The Qin army reached Jiuxia Pass, where Yang Zuan met them with fifty thousand men. Yang Liang of Hongnong, governor of Liangzhou, sent Supervisors Guo Bao and Bu Jing with over a thousand horse to reinforce Zuan. They engaged the Qin forces in the gorge; Zuan's army was routed, with thirty or forty percent killed. Bao and his men were lost as well. Zuan rallied the survivors and retreated. Marquis Ya advanced on Chouchi, and Yang Tong brought the Wudou clans over to Qin. Terrified, Zuan came out with his hands bound. Ya sent him to Chang'an. Yang Tong was appointed governor of Southern Qinzhou; and Yang An was made commander over Southern Qinzhou and posted at Chouchi.
12
王猛之破張天錫於枹罕也，獲其將敦煌陰據及甲士五千人。 秦王堅既克楊纂，遣據帥其甲士還涼州，使著作郎梁殊、閻負送之，因命王猛為書諭天錫曰：「昔貴先公稱籓劉、石者，惟審於強弱也。 今論涼土之力，則損於往時； 語大秦之德，則非二趙之匹； 而將軍翻然自絕，無乃非宗廟之福也歟！ 以秦之威，旁振無外，可以回弱水使東流，返江、河使西注。 關東既平，將移兵河右，恐非六郡士民所能抗也。 劉表謂漢南可保，將軍謂西河可全，吉兇在身，元龜不遠，宜深算妙慮，自求多福，無使六世之業一旦而墜地也！」 天錫大懼，遣使謝罪稱籓。 堅拜天錫使持節、都督河右諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、涼州刺史、西平公。
When Wang Meng defeated Zhang Tianxi at Fuhan, he took his general Yin Ju of Dunhuang and five thousand armored troops. After subduing Yang Zuan, Fu Jian sent Ju back to Liangzhou at the head of his troops, with Compilation Gentlemen Liang Shu and Yan Fu as escorts, and had Wang Meng write to Tianxi: "Your distinguished ancestor once submitted to the Liu and Shi regimes because he read the balance of power correctly. Today the Liang domain is weaker than it was then; while Great Qin's might is beyond anything the two Zhao states ever possessed; yet you have abruptly cut yourself off from us—can that truly serve your ancestral house? With Qin's power reaching in every direction, we could turn the Ruoshui eastward and drive the Yangtze and Yellow rivers back to the west. The east is pacified; our armies will soon move west of the river, and the six commanderies' people and gentry can hardly stand against us. Liu Biao thought he could hold the Han southlands; you think you can keep the western river intact. Fortune and ruin are in your own hands, and the omens are plain. Plan carefully, secure your own advantage, and do not let six generations of achievement collapse in a day!" Tianxi was terrified and sent envoys to apologize and submit as a vassal. Fu Jian confirmed Tianxi as bearer of the staff, commander over the west-of-the-river region, Rapid Cavalry grand general, Grandee of the First Rank, governor of Liangzhou, and Duke of Xiping.
13
吐谷渾王辟奚聞楊纂敗，五月，遣使獻馬千匹、金銀五百斤於秦。 秦以辟奚為安遠將軍、漒川侯。 辟奚，葉延之子也，好學，仁厚而無威斷。 三弟專恣，國人患之。 長史鐘惡地，西漒羌豪也，謂司馬乞宿雲曰：「三弟縱橫，勢出王右，幾亡國矣。 吾二人位為元輔，豈得坐而視之！ 詰朝月望，文武並會，吾將討焉。 王之左右皆吾羌子，轉目一顧，立可擒也。」 宿雲請先白王，惡地曰：「王仁而無斷，白之必不從。 萬一事洩，吾屬無類矣。 事已出口，何可中變！」 遂於坐收三弟，殺之。 辟奚驚怖，自投床下，惡地、宿雲趨而扶之曰：「臣昨夢先王刺臣雲：『三弟將為逆，不可不討。』 故誅之耳。」 辟奚由是發病恍惚，命世子視連曰：「吾禍及同生，何以見之於地下！ 國事大小，任汝治之，吾餘年殘命，寄食而已。」 遂以憂卒。
Hearing of Yang Zuan's defeat, King Pixi of Tuyuhun sent envoys in the fifth month with a thousand horses and five hundred jin of gold and silver as tribute to Qin. Qin named him Pacification-at-a-Distance General and Marquis of Qiangchuan. Pixi, son of Yeyan, loved learning and was kind and humane, but he lacked firm authority. His three younger brothers were arrogant and domineering, and the people chafed under them. Chief Clerk Zhong E'di, a western Qiang chieftain, said to Major Qi Suyun: "The three brothers run wild. Their power eclipses the king's, and the realm was nearly ruined. We two are chief ministers—how can we sit by and watch? At dawn on the next full moon, when civil and military officers gather, I will move against them. The men at the king's side are all our Qiang kin. One glance from us and they can be seized on the spot." Suyun wanted to inform the king first. E'di said: "The king is humane but cannot decide. Tell him and he will refuse. If word leaks out, none of us will survive. The plan is spoken. There is no turning back now!" At the assembly he seized the three brothers and killed them. Pixi, terrified, threw himself under the bed. E'di and Suyun rushed to help him up and said: "Last night your servant dreamed the late king rebuked Yun: 'The three brothers will rebel. You must not spare them. That is why we executed them." Pixi then fell ill, his mind clouded. He told the heir Shilian: "I have harmed my own brothers. How can I face them in the grave! Great matters and small, leave them to you. My few remaining years are nothing but borrowed breath." He died of grief soon after.
14
視連立，不飲酒游畋者七年，軍國之事，委之將佐。 鐘惡地諫，以為：「人主當自娛樂，建威布德。」 視連泣曰：「孤自先世以來，以仁孝忠恕相承。 先王念友愛之不終，悲憤而亡。 孤雖纂業，屍存而已，聲色游娛，豈所安也！ 威德之建，當付之將來耳。」
Shilian succeeded him. For seven years he neither drank wine nor went hunting, leaving military and civil affairs to his officers. Zhong E'di admonished him: "A ruler should take his pleasures, build his authority, and spread his virtue." Shilian wept and said: "From our forebears we have handed down benevolence, filial piety, loyalty, and forbearance. My father could not keep brotherly love to the end and died in grief and rage. Though I hold the throne, I am a living corpse. How could pleasure and sport bring me peace! Authority and virtue must wait for another day."
15
代世子寔病傷而卒。
The Dai heir Shi died of his wounds.
16
秋，七月，秦王堅如洛陽。
In the seventh month of autumn, King Fu Jian went to Luoyang.
17
代世子寔娶東部大人賀野干之女，有遺腹子，甲戌，生男，代王什翼犍為之赦境內，名曰涉圭。
The late heir Shi had married the daughter of the eastern chieftain He Yegan, who was pregnant at his death. On jiaxu she bore a son. King Shiyijian amnestied the realm and named the child Shegui.
18
大司馬溫以梁、益多寇，周氏世有威名，八月，以寧州刺史周仲孫監益、梁二州諸軍事，領益州刺史。 仲孫，光之子也。
With bandits plaguing Liang and Yi and the Zhou clan renowned for military prestige, Huan Wen in the eighth month made Ningzhou governor Zhou Zhongsun overseer of Yi and Liang and acting governor of Yizhou. Zhou Zhongsun was a son of Zhou Guang.
19
秦以光祿勳李儼為河州刺史，鎮武始。
Former Qin named Li Yan, Household Master of the Heir Apparent, governor of Hezhou and posted him at Wushi.
20
王猛以潞川之功，請以鄧羌為司隸。 秦王堅下詔曰：「司隸校尉，董牧皇畿，吏責甚重，非所以優禮名將。 光武不以吏事處功臣，實貴之也。 羌有廉、李之才，朕方委以征伐之事，北平匈奴，南蕩揚、越，羌之任也，司隸何足以嬰之！ 其進號鎮軍將軍，位特進。」
For the victory at Luchuan, Wang Meng asked that Deng Qiang be made Director of the Retainers. Fu Jian decreed: "The Director of the Retainers governs the capital region. Its duties are heavy and it is no way to honor a famous general. Emperor Guangwu kept his great ministers out of petty administration—that was how he honored them. Qiang has the gifts of Lian Po and Li Mu. I mean to give him campaigns—subduing the Xiongnu in the north and clearing Yang and Yue in the south. That is his task. The Directorship is far too small to hold him! Promote him to Pacifying-the-Army General with Special Advancement rank."
21
九月，秦王堅還長安。 歸安元侯李儼卒於上邽，堅復以儼子辯為河州刺史。
In the ninth month Fu Jian returned to Chang'an. Li Yan, Marquis Yuan of Gui'an, died at Shanggui. Fu Jian named his son Bian governor of Hezhou.
22
冬，十月，秦王堅如鄴，獵於西山，旬餘忘返。 伶人王洛叩馬諫曰：「陛下群生所系，今久獵不歸，一旦患生不虞，奈太后、天下何！」 堅為之罷獵還宮。 王猛因進言曰：「畋獵誠非急務，王洛之言，不可忘也。」 堅賜洛帛百匹，拜官箴左右，自是不復獵。
In the tenth month of winter Fu Jian went to Ye and hunted in the Western Hills, staying away for more than ten days. The performer Wang Luo seized the bridle and remonstrated: "Your Majesty holds the fate of all the people. You have hunted too long. If some sudden illness should strike, what will become of the Empress Dowager and the realm?" Fu Jian ended the hunt and returned to the palace. Wang Meng added: "Hunting is no urgent matter. Do not forget what Wang Luo said." Fu Jian gave Luo a hundred bolts of silk, made him Admonisher on the Left, and never hunted again.
23
大司馬溫恃其材略位望，陰蓄不臣之志，嘗撫枕歎曰：「男子不能流芳百世，亦當遺臭萬年！」 術士杜炅能知人貴賤，溫問炅以己祿位所至，炅曰：「明公勳格宇宙，位極人臣。」 溫不悅。 溫欲先立功河朔，以收時望，還受九錫。 及枋頭之敗，威名頓挫。 既克壽春，謂參軍郗超曰：「足以雪枋頭之恥乎？」 超曰：「未也。」 久之，超就溫宿，中夜，謂溫曰：「明公都無所慮乎？」 溫曰：「卿欲有言邪？」 超曰：「明公當天下重任，今以六十之年，敗於大舉，不建不世之勳，不足以鎮愜民望！」 溫曰：「然則奈何？」 超曰：「明公不為伊、霍之舉者，無以立大威權，鎮壓四海。」 溫素有心，深以為然，遂與之定議。 以帝素謹無過，而床第易誣，乃言「帝早有痿疾，嬖人相龍、計好、朱炅寶等，參侍內寢，二美人田氏、孟氏生三男，將建儲立王，傾移皇基。」 密播此言於民間，時人莫能審其虛實。
Trusting in his talent, rank, and prestige, Grand Marshal Huan Wen secretly nursed treasonous designs. Once he stroked his pillow and sighed: "If a man cannot leave a good name for a hundred generations, let him leave an infamous one for ten thousand!" The diviner Du Jiong could read a man's rank. Huan Wen asked how high he would rise. Jiong said: "My lord's merit fills heaven and earth. You stand at the summit of subjecthood." Huan Wen was displeased. He wanted first to win glory north of the Yellow River, regain public esteem, and then receive the Nine Bestowals. After the defeat at Fangtou his prestige collapsed. After taking Shouchun he asked his aide Xi Chao: "Is this enough to wipe away the shame of Fangtou?" Chao said: "Not yet." Later Chao stayed the night with Huan Wen. At midnight he said: "My lord, are you not worried at all?" Huan Wen said: "Do you have something to say?" Chao said: "You bear the realm's weight. At sixty, after a great defeat, unless you win a supreme achievement you cannot steady the people's hopes!" Huan Wen said: "What then should I do?" Chao said: "Unless you do as Yi Yin and Huo Guang did, you cannot build supreme authority and rule the realm." Huan Wen had long harbored such designs and agreed wholeheartedly. They settled on a plan. “The emperor had always been scrupulous and without fault, but bedroom matters are easy to slander. They spread word that he had long been impotent, that favorites Xiang Long, Ji Hao, and Zhu Lingbao attended him in the inner chambers, that two concubines of the Tian and Meng clans had borne three sons, and that they meant to name an heir and overturn the dynasty.” They secretly spread this story among the people, and no one could tell truth from lie.
24
十一月，癸卯，溫自廣陵將還姑孰，屯於白石。 丁未，詣建康，諷褚太后，請廢帝，立丞相會稽王昱，並作令草呈之。 太后方在佛屋燒香，內侍啟雲：「外有急奏。」 太后出，倚戶視奏數行，乃曰：「我本自疑此！」 至半，便止，索筆益之曰：「未亡人不幸罹此百憂，感念存沒，心焉如割。」
In the eleventh month, on guimao, Huan Wen was returning from Guangling to Gudu and encamped at Baishi. On dingwei he went to Jiankang, pressed Empress Dowager Chu to depose the emperor and enthrone Chancellor Sima Yu, Prince of Kuaiji, and presented a draft edict. The Empress Dowager was burning incense in the Buddhist chapel when an attendant announced: "There is an urgent memorial outside." She came out, leaned against the door, read a few lines, and said: "I had suspected as much myself! Halfway through she stopped, asked for a brush, and added: "This widow has suffered grief upon grief. Thinking of the living and the dead, my heart is torn."
25
己酉，溫集百官於朝堂。 廢立既曠代所無，莫有識其故典者，百官震心栗。 溫亦色動，不知所為。 尚書僕射王彪之知事不可止，乃謂溫曰：「公阿衡皇家，當倚傍先代。」 乃命取《霍光傳》，禮度儀制，定於須臾。 彪之朝服當階，神彩毅然，曾無懼容。 文武儀准，莫不取定，朝廷以此服之。 於是宣太后令，廢帝為東海王，以丞相、錄尚書事、會稽王昱統承皇極。 百官入太極前殿，溫使督護竺瑤、散騎侍郎劉亨收帝璽綬。 帝著白帢單衣，步下西堂，乘犢車出神虎門，群臣拜辭，莫不歔欷。 侍御史、殿中監將兵百人衛送東海第。 溫帥百官具乘輿法駕，迎會稽王於會稽邸。 王於朝堂變服，著平巾幘、單衣，東向流涕，拜受璽綬，是日，即皇帝位，改元。 溫出次中堂，分兵屯衛。 溫有足疾，詔乘輿入殿。 溫撰辭，欲陳述廢立本意，帝引見，便泣下數十行，溫兢懼，竟不能一言而出。
On jiyou, Huan Wen assembled the officials in the audience hall. Deposing and enthroning an emperor was unprecedented. No one knew the old rites, and every official was terrified. Huan Wen himself turned pale and did not know what to do. Wang Biaozhi, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, knew the matter could not be halted. He told Huan Wen: "You are the pillar of the royal house. Follow the precedents of old." He had the Biography of Huo Guang brought, and within moments the rites and protocol were settled. Biaozhi stood on the steps in court dress, stern and unafraid. Every detail of civil and military ceremony was settled by him, and the court admired him for it. The Empress Dowager's edict was read: the emperor was deposed as Prince of Donghai, and Chancellor Sima Yu, Prince of Kuaiji, was to ascend the throne. The officials entered the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. Huan Wen sent Zhu Yao and Liu Heng to take the imperial seal and cord. The emperor wore a white cap and plain robe, walked down from the western hall, and rode out through the Shenhu Gate in an ox cart. The officials bowed in farewell, weeping. An attendant censor and palace director escorted him with a hundred troops to the Donghai residence. Huan Wen led the officials with the imperial carriage and full regalia to welcome the Prince of Kuaiji at his residence. At the audience hall the prince changed clothes, put on a plain cap and robe, faced east in tears, and bowed to receive the seal and cord. That day he took the throne and changed the era name. Huan Wen withdrew to the central hall and posted troops as guards. Huan Wen had a foot ailment and was permitted to ride the imperial carriage into the hall. Huan Wen had prepared a speech explaining why he deposed and enthroned emperors. When the new emperor received him, tears streamed down his face. Huan Wen was terrified and left without saying a word.
26
太宰武陵王晞，好習武事，為溫所忌，欲廢之，以事示王彪之。 彪之曰：「武陵親尊，未有顯罪，不可以猜嫌之間便相廢徙。 公建立聖明，當崇獎王室，與伊、周同美； 此大事，宜更深詳。」 溫曰：「此已成事，卿勿復言！」 乙卯，溫表「晞聚納輕剽，息綜矜忍； 袁真叛逆，事相連染。 頃日猜懼，將成亂階。 請免晞官，以王歸籓。」 從之，並免其世子綜、梁王□逢等官。 溫使魏郡太守毛安之帥所領宿衛殿中。 安之，虎生之弟也。
Grand Tutor Sima Xi, Prince of Wuling, loved military affairs. Huan Wen resented him and wanted him removed. He showed his plan to Wang Biaozhi. Biaozhi said: "The Prince of Wuling is close kin and of high rank. He has committed no clear crime. You cannot remove him on mere suspicion. You have enthroned a worthy ruler. You should honor the royal house and match the fame of Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou; this is a grave matter and deserves far more thought." Huan Wen said: "It is already decided. Say no more! On yimao Huan Wen memorialized that Xi "gathers reckless men, and his son Zong is proud and cruel; their affairs were linked to Yuan Zhen's rebellion. Recent suspicion and fear were about to breed rebellion. I ask that his offices be removed and that he return to his fief as a prince." The court agreed and also removed the offices of his heir Zong, the Prince of Liang, and others. Huan Wen sent Wei prefect Mao Anzhi to garrison the palace with his personal guard. Mao Anzhi was a younger brother of Mao Husheng.
27
庚戌，尊褚太后曰崇德太后。
On gengxu, Empress Dowager Chu was honored as Empress Dowager Chongde.
28
初，殷浩卒，大司馬溫使人□書吊之。 浩子涓不答，亦不詣溫，而與武陵王晞游。 廣州刺史庾蘊，希之弟也，素與溫有隙。 溫惡殷、庾宗強，欲去之。 辛亥，使其弟祕逼新蔡王晃詣西堂叩頭自列，稱與晞及子綜、著作郎殷涓、太宰長史庾倩、掾曹秀、捨人劉強、散騎常侍庾柔等謀反； 帝對之流涕，溫皆收付廷尉。 倩、柔，皆蘊之弟也。 癸丑，溫殺東海王三子及其母。 甲寅，御史中丞譙王恬承溫旨，請依律誅武陵王晞。 詔曰：「悲惋惶怛，非所忍聞，況言之哉！ 其更詳議！」 恬，承之孫也。 乙卯，溫重表固請誅晞，詞甚酷切。 帝乃賜溫手詔曰：「若晉祚靈長，公便宜奉行前詔； 如其大運去矣，請避賢路。」 溫覽之，流汗變色，乃奏廢晞及三子，家屬皆徙新安郡。 丙辰，免新蔡王晃為庶人，徙衡陽； 殷涓、庾倩、曹秀、劉強、庾柔皆族誅，庾蘊飲鴆死。 蘊兄東陽太守友子婦，桓豁之女也，故溫特赦之。 庾希聞難，與弟會稽王參軍邈及子攸之逃於海陵陂澤中。 溫既誅殷、庾，威勢翕赫，侍中謝安見溫遙拜。 溫驚曰：「安石，卿何事乃爾？」 安曰：「未有君拜於前，臣揖於後。」
Earlier, when Yin Hao died, Grand Marshal Huan Wen sent a letter of condolence. Hao's son Juan did not reply and did not visit Huan Wen, but kept company with Prince Xi of Wuling. Yu Yun, governor of Guangzhou, was the younger brother of Yu Xi and had long been at odds with Huan Wen. Huan Wen hated the power of the Yin and Yu clans and wanted them eliminated. On xinhai he had his brother Mi force Prince Huang of Xincai to the western hall to confess that he had plotted rebellion with Xi, Zong, Yin Juan, Yu Qian, Cao Xiu, Liu Qiang, Yu Rou, and others; the emperor wept at the confession, and Huan Wen had them all sent to the Minister of Justice. Qian and Rou were both younger brothers of Yu Yun. On guichou Huan Wen killed the three sons of the deposed emperor and their mother. On jiayin Wang Tian, Prince of Qiao and censor-in-chief, at Huan Wen's bidding asked that Prince Xi of Wuling be executed under the law. The emperor decreed: "Grief and dread—this I cannot bear to hear, let alone speak of! Deliberate further!" Wang Tian was a grandson of Wang Cheng. On yimao Huan Wen memorialized again, insisting on Xi's execution in the harshest terms. The emperor sent Huan Wen a handwritten note: "If Jin's mandate endures, you may carry out the earlier edict; if its great destiny is spent, please yield the path to worthier men." Huan Wen read it, broke into a sweat, and memorialized instead to depose Xi and his three sons. Their families were exiled to Xin'an. On bingchen Prince Huang of Xincai was reduced to commoner status and exiled to Hengyang; Yin Juan, Yu Qian, Cao Xiu, Liu Qiang, and Yu Rou were executed with their clans. Yu Yun took poison and died. Yun's brother You, Dongyang prefect, had a daughter-in-law who was Huan Huo's daughter, so Huan Wen pardoned him. Yu Xi, hearing of the purge, fled with his brother Miao and his son Youzhi into the marshes of Hailing. After eliminating the Yin and Yu clans, Huan Wen's power was overwhelming. Palace Attendant Xie An bowed to him from a distance. Huan Wen said in surprise: "Anshi, why do you bow from so far away? Xie An said: "Never yet has the lord bowed in front while the minister salutes from behind."
29
戊午，大赦，增文武位二等。
On wuwu a general amnesty was declared and civil and military ranks were raised two grades.
30
己未，溫如白石，上書求歸姑孰。 庚申，詔進溫丞相，大司馬如故，留京師輔政； 溫固辭，仍請還鎮。 辛酉，溫自白石還姑孰。
On jiwei Huan Wen went to Baishi and asked to return to Gudu. On gengshen an edict made Huan Wen chancellor while retaining him as Grand Marshal, to remain at the capital as regent; Huan Wen firmly declined and asked to return to his post. On xinyou Huan Wen returned from Baishi to Gudu.
31
秦王堅聞溫廢立，謂群臣曰：「溫前敗灞上，後敗枋頭，不能思愆自貶以謝百姓，方更廢君以自說，六十之叟，舉動如此，將何以自容於四海乎！ 諺曰：『怒其室而作色於父。』 其桓溫之謂矣。」
When Fu Jian heard of Huan Wen's coup, he told his ministers: "Huan Wen lost at Bashang and Fangtou. Instead of repenting before the people, he deposed an emperor to justify himself. A man of sixty behaving thus—how can he face the world? As the proverb says: 'Angry at one's wife but taking it out on one's father.' That fits Huan Wen."
32
秦車騎大將軍王猛，以六州任重，言於秦王堅，請改授親賢； 及府選便宜，輒已停寢，別乞一州自效。 堅報曰：「朕之於卿，義則君臣，親逾骨肉，雖復桓、昭之有管、樂，玄德之有孔明，自謂逾之。 夫人主勞於求才，逸於得士。 既以六州相委，則朕無東顧之憂，非所以為優崇，乃朕自求安逸也。 夫取之不易，守之亦難，苟任非其人，患生慮表，豈獨朕之憂，亦卿之責也，故虛位台鼎而以分陝為先。 卿未照朕心，殊乖素望。 新政俟才，宜速銓補； 俟東方化洽，當袞衣西歸。」 仍遣侍中梁讜詣鄴諭旨，猛乃視事如故。
Wang Meng, Qin's Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, told Fu Jian the six provinces were too heavy a burden and asked to hand them to a kinsman or worthy man; he had already halted discretionary appointments and asked instead for a single province where he could serve. Fu Jian replied: "Between us, you are my minister and more than kin. Duke Huan and Duke Zhao had Guan Zhong and Yue Yi; Liu Bei had Zhuge Liang. I think I surpass them all in you. A ruler toils to find talent and rests once he has found a worthy man. Entrusting you with six provinces frees me from worry in the east. This is not to honor you but to give myself peace. Winning territory is hard; holding it is harder. Appoint the wrong man and trouble follows—not mine alone but yours as well. That is why I leave the highest posts empty and put the eastern provinces first. You do not understand my heart and fall far short of what I hoped. The new administration needs men. Appoint them quickly; when the east is pacified I shall return west in imperial robes." He sent Palace Attendant Liang Chan to Ye with his message, and Wang Meng resumed his duties as before.
33
十二月，大司馬溫奏：「廢放之人，屏之以遠，不可以臨黎元。 東海王宜依昌邑故事，築第吳郡。」 太后詔曰：「使為庶人，情有不忍，可特封王。」 溫又奏：「可封海西縣侯。」 庚寅，封海西縣公。
In the twelfth month Grand Marshal Huan Wen memorialized: "A deposed ruler must be kept far from the people. The Prince of Donghai should follow the Changyi precedent and be housed in Wu commandery." The Empress Dowager decreed: "I cannot bear to reduce him to commoner status. Enfeoff him as a prince instead. “Huan Wen memorialized again that he be made Marquis of Haixi.” On gengyin he was enfeoffed as Duke of Haixi.
34
溫威振內外，帝雖處尊位，拱默而已，常懼廢黜。 先是，熒惑守太微端門，逾月而海西廢。 辛卯，熒惑逆行入太微，帝甚惡之。 中書侍郎郗超在直，帝謂超曰：「命之修短，本所不計，故當無復近日事邪？」 超曰：「大司馬臣溫，方內固社稷，外恢經略，非常之事，臣以百口保之。」 及超請急省其父，帝曰：「致意尊公，家國之事，遂至於此，由吾不能以道匡衛，愧歎之深，言何能諭！」 因詠庾闡詩雲：「志士痛朝危，忠臣哀主辱。」 遂泣下沾襟。 帝美風儀，善容止，留心典籍，凝塵滿席，湛如也。 雖神識恬暢，然無濟世大略，謝安以為惠帝之流，但清談差勝耳。
Huan Wen's power shook court and country. The emperor sat in silence and lived in fear of deposition. Earlier Mars had lingered at the Terminal Gate of the Supreme Palace constellation; a month later the Prince of Haixi was deposed. On xinmao Mars moved retrograde into the Supreme Palace. The emperor was deeply troubled. Xi Chao of the Masters of Writing was on duty. The emperor said to him: "I do not count my days—but surely nothing like recent events will happen again? Chao said: "Grand Marshal Huan Wen is securing the realm within and expanding our frontiers. I stake the lives of my whole clan that nothing extraordinary will happen." When Chao asked leave to visit his father, the emperor said: "Give your father my regards. State and family have come to this because I could not uphold the Way. My shame is too deep for words. He then recited Yu Chan's lines: "Men of purpose grieve when the court is in peril; loyal ministers mourn when the ruler is shamed." Tears soaked his robe. The emperor had fine bearing and grace, loved the classics, and sat serene though dust lay thick on his mat. His mind was calm but he lacked a statesman's vision. Xie An ranked him with Emperor Hui of Jin—only somewhat better at pure talk.
35
郗超以溫故，朝中皆畏事之。 謝安嘗與左衛將軍王坦之共詣超，日旰未得前，坦之欲去，安曰：「獨不能為性命忍須臾邪？」
Because of his tie to Huan Wen, everyone at court feared Xi Chao. Xie An once went with Left Guard General Wang Tanzhi to visit Chao. Sunset came and they still had not been admitted. Tanzhi wanted to leave. An said: "Cannot you endure a moment for your life's sake?"
36
秦以河州刺史李辯領興晉太守，還鎮枹罕。 徙涼州治金城。 張天錫聞秦有兼併之志，大懼，立壇於姑臧南，刑三牲。 帥其官屬，遙與晉三公盟。 遣從事中郎韓博奉表送盟文，並獻書於大司馬溫，期以明年夏同大舉，會於上邽。 是歲，秦益州刺史王統攻隴西鮮卑乞伏司繁於度堅山，司繁帥騎三萬拒統於苑川。 統潛襲度堅山，司繁部落五萬餘皆降於統； 其眾聞妻子已降秦，不戰而潰。 司繁無所歸，亦詣統降。 秦王堅以司繁為南單于，留之長安； 以司繁從叔吐雷為勇士護軍，撫其部眾。
Qin made Hezhou governor Li Bian also prefect of Xingjin and posted him back to Fuhan. The Liangzhou capital was moved to Jincheng. Zhang Tianxi, hearing Qin meant to annex him, was terrified. He set up an altar south of Guzang and sacrificed the three sacrificial animals. He led his officials in a distant alliance with the Three Excellencies of Jin. He sent Attendant Gentleman Han Bo with the alliance text and a letter to Grand Marshal Huan Wen, proposing a joint campaign the next summer at Shanggui. That year Qin Yizhou governor Wang Tong attacked the Longxi Xianbei leader Qifu Sifan at Mount Dujian. Sifan met him at Yuanchuan with thirty thousand horse. Tong secretly struck Mount Dujian, and more than fifty thousand of Sifan's tribesmen surrendered; his army, hearing their families had surrendered to Qin, fled without a fight. With nowhere left to turn, Qifu Sifan also went to Wang Tong and surrendered. King Fu Jian named Sifan Southern Chanyu and kept him at Chang'an; he appointed Sifan's paternal cousin Tulei Protector of the Army of Brave Warriors to govern his followers.
37
春，二月，秦以清河房曠為尚書左丞，征曠兄默及清河崔逞、燕國韓胤為尚書郎，北平陽陟、田勰、陽瑤為著作佐郎，郝略為清河相，皆關東士望，王猛所薦也。 瑤，騖之子也。
In the second month of spring, Former Qin made Fang Kuo of Qinghe Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing and summoned his elder brother Mo, Cui Cheng of Qinghe, and Han Yin of Yan as Gentlemen of the Masters of Writing. Yang Zhi of Beiping, Tian Xie, and Yang Yao were made Assistant Gentlemen of Compilation, and Hao Lue was made prefect of Qinghe. All were leading eastern gentry, recommended by Wang Meng. Yang Yao was a son of Yang Wu.
38
冠軍將軍慕容垂言於秦王堅曰：「臣叔父評，燕之惡來輩也，不宜復污聖朝，願陛下為燕戮之。」 堅乃出評為范陽太守，燕之諸王悉補邊郡。
Champion General Murong Chui said to King Fu Jian: "My uncle Murong Ping is another E Lai of Yan. He should not stain your court again. I beg Your Majesty to put him to death for Yan's sake." Fu Jian instead sent Murong Ping out as prefect of Fanyang and posted all the Yan princes to frontier commanderies.
39
臣光曰：古之人，滅人之國而人悅，何哉？ 為人除害故也。 彼慕容評者，蔽君專政，忌賢疾功，愚闇貪虐，以喪其國，國亡不死，逃遁見擒。 秦王堅不以為誅首，又從而寵秩之，是愛一人而不愛一國之人也，其失人心多矣。 是以施恩於人而人莫之恩，盡誠於人而人莫之誠。 卒於功名不遂，容身無所，由不得其道故也。
Sima Guang comments: Why did the ancients destroy kingdoms and still win the people's hearts? Because they removed the people's scourges. Murong Ping had blinded his ruler and seized power, envied talent and resented achievement, and ruled with stupidity, greed, and cruelty until he lost the kingdom. When Yan fell he did not die but fled and was taken. King Fu Jian did not execute him but instead honored and enfeoffed him. That was cherishing one man and not cherishing a whole kingdom's people. He lost hearts in abundance. So when he showed kindness, none felt grateful; when he gave his full sincerity, none gave theirs in return. In the end his ambitions failed and he had nowhere to stand—because he did not follow the right Way.
40
三月，戊年，遣侍中王坦之征大司馬溫入輔，溫復辭。
In the third month, on the wushen day, Palace Attendant Wang Tanzhi was sent to summon Grand Marshal Huan Wen to court. Wen declined again.
41
秦王堅詔：「關東之民學通一經，才成一藝者，在所郡縣以禮送之。 在官百石以上，學不通一經，才不成一藝者，罷遣還民。」
King Fu Jian decreed: "In the eastern passes, anyone who has mastered one classic or achieved skill in one art shall be sent forward with ceremony from his commandery or county. Any official drawing a hundred shi or more who has not mastered one classic or achieved skill in one art shall be dismissed and sent back to private life."
42
夏，四月，徙海西公於吳縣西柴裡，敕吳國內史刁彝防衛，又遣御史顧允監察之。 彝，協之子也。
In the fourth month of summer the Prince of Haixi was moved to Xichaili in Wuxian. Diao Yi, interior minister of Wu, was ordered to guard him, and Censor Gu Yun was sent to oversee him. Diao Yi was a son of Diao Xie.
43
六月，癸酉，秦以王猛為丞相、中書監、尚書令、太子太傅、司隸校尉，特進、常侍、持節、將軍、侯如故； 陽平公融為使持節、都督六州諸軍事、鎮東大將軍、冀州牧。
In the sixth month, on the guiyou day, Former Qin made Wang Meng chancellor, supervisor of the Masters of Writing, director of the Masters of Writing, grand tutor of the heir apparent, and colonel of the retainers, retaining his special advance, regular attendant, staff of authority, generalship, and marquisate; and the Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, bearer of the staff, commander of military affairs in six provinces, Grand General Who Guards the East, and governor of Jizhou.
44
庾希、庾邈與故青州刺史武沈之子遵，聚眾夜入京口城，晉陵太守卞眈逾城奔曲阿。 希詐稱受海西公密旨誅大司馬溫。 建康震擾，內外戒嚴。 卞眈發諸縣兵二千人擊希，希敗，閉城自守。 溫遣東海內史周少孫討之。 秋，七月，壬辰，拔其城，擒希、邈及其親黨，皆斬之。 眈，壺之子也。
Yu Xi, Yu Miao, and Wu Zun, son of the former Qingzhou governor Wu Shen, gathered men and entered Jingkou by night. Jingling prefect Bian Dan fled over the wall to Qu'a. Xi falsely claimed a secret order from the Prince of Haixi to kill Grand Marshal Huan Wen. Jiankang was thrown into alarm, and martial law was declared inside and out. Bian Dan raised two thousand county troops and attacked Xi. Xi was beaten back and shut himself in the city. Huan Wen sent Donghai interior minister Zhou Shaosun to suppress them. In the seventh month of autumn, on the renchen day, the city was taken. Xi, Miao, and their associates were captured and beheaded. Bian Dan was a son of Bian Hu.
45
甲寅，帝不豫，急召大司馬溫入輔，一日一夜發四詔。 溫辭不至。 初，帝為會稽王，娶王述從妹為妃，生世子道生及弟俞生。 道生疏躁無行，母子皆以幽廢死。 餘三子，郁、朱生、天流，皆早夭。 諸姬絕孕將十年，王使善相者視之，皆曰：「非其人。」 又使視諸婢媵，有李陵容者，在織坊中，黑而長，宮人謂之「崑崙」，相者驚曰：「此其人也！」 王召之侍寢，生子昌明及道子。 己未，立昌明為皇太子，生十年矣。 以道子為琅邪王，領會稽國，以奉帝母鄭太妃之祀。 遺詔：「大司馬溫依周公居攝故事。」 又曰：「少子可輔者輔之，如不可，君自取之。」 侍中王坦之自持詔入，於帝前毀之。 帝曰：「天下，儻來之運，卿何所嫌！」 坦之曰：「天下，宣、元之天下，陛下何得專之！」 帝乃使坦之改詔曰：「家國事一稟大司馬，如諸葛武侯、王丞相故事。」 是日，帝崩。
On the jiayin day the emperor fell ill and urgently summoned Grand Marshal Huan Wen to court. Four edicts went out in a single day and night. Huan Wen declined and did not come. Earlier, when he was Prince of Kuaiji, the emperor married Wang Shu's younger female cousin and had the heir Daosheng and a younger son, Yusheng. Daosheng was coarse and ill-behaved. He and his mother were both confined and died in disgrace. Three other sons—Yu, Zhusheng, and Tianliu—all died in childhood. The concubines had borne no children for nearly ten years. The prince sent physiognomists to examine them, and all said: "Not the one." Then they examined the maids. One named Li Lingrong worked in the weaving quarters—dark-skinned and tall, nicknamed "Kunlun" by the palace women. The physiognomist exclaimed: "This is the one!" The prince took her to his bed. She bore Changming and Daozi. On the jiwei day Changming was made heir apparent. He was ten years old. Daozi was made Prince of Langye and given charge of Kuaiji to maintain the sacrifices to Consort Dowager Zheng, the emperor's mother. The death edict read: "Grand Marshal Huan Wen shall follow the Duke of Zhou's precedent as regent." It also said: "If the younger son can be guided, guide him. If not, take the throne yourself." Palace Attendant Wang Tanzhi brought the edict in and tore it up before the emperor. The emperor said: "The realm is fortune that came by chance—what do you object to!" Tanzhi said: "The realm belongs to Emperors Xuan and Yuan. How can Your Majesty dispose of it alone!" The emperor had Tanzhi rewrite the edict: "State and family affairs shall all be referred to the Grand Marshal, as under Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao." That day the emperor died.
46
群臣疑惑，未敢立嗣，或曰：「當須大司馬處分。」 尚書僕射王彪之正色曰：「天子崩，太子代立，大司馬何容得異！ 若先面咨，必反為所責。」 朝議乃定。 太子即皇帝位，大赦。 崇德太后令，以帝沖幼，加在諒闇，令溫依周公居攝故事。 事已施行，王彪之曰：「此異常大事，大司馬必當固讓，使萬機停滯，稽廢山陵，未敢奉令，謹具封還。」 事遂不行。
The ministers hesitated and dared not proclaim a successor. Some said: "We must wait for the Grand Marshal's decision." Vice Director Wang Biaozhi said sternly: "When the Son of Heaven dies, the heir succeeds. How can the Grand Marshal presume otherwise! If we consult him first, he will turn and blame us." The court's decision was made. The heir took the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. Empress Dowager Chongde ordered that, because the emperor was young and still in mourning, Huan Wen should follow the Duke of Zhou's precedent as regent. The order had already gone out when Wang Biaozhi said: "This is an extraordinary matter. The Grand Marshal will surely refuse, stalling all affairs of state and delaying the imperial tomb. I dare not accept the order and respectfully return it sealed." The matter went no further.
47
溫望簡文臨終禪位於己，不爾便當居攝。 既不副所望，甚憤怨，與弟沖書曰：「遺詔使吾依武侯、王公故事耳。」 溫疑王坦之、謝安所為，心銜之。 詔謝安征溫入輔，溫又辭。
Huan Wen had hoped Emperor Jianwen would abdicate to him on his deathbed; failing that, he expected to serve as regent. When his hopes were dashed he was furious. He wrote his younger brother Huan Chong: "The death edict only makes me follow Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao." Huan Wen suspected Wang Tanzhi and Xie An and nursed a grudge. An edict through Xie An summoned Huan Wen to court. Wen declined again.
48
八月，秦丞相猛至長字，復加都督中外諸軍事。 猛辭曰：「元相之重，儲傅之尊，端右事繁，京牧任大，總督戎機，出納帝命，文武兩寄，鉅細並關，以伊、呂、蕭、鄧之賢，尚不能兼，況臣猛之無似！」 章三四上，秦王堅不許，曰：「朕方混壹四海，非卿誰可委者？ 卿之不得辭宰相，猶朕不得辭天下也。」
In the eighth month Former Qin chancellor Wang Meng reached Chang'an and was additionally made commander of all military affairs within and without. Wang Meng declined: "The chancellor's weight, the heir's tutor's honor, the director's many duties, the capital governor's charge, command of military affairs, and receipt of the emperor's orders—civil and military together, great and small alike—even Yi Yin, Lü Shang, Xiao He, and Deng Yu could not combine all this. How much less could I!" He memorialized three or four times. King Fu Jian refused and said: "I am unifying the realm—besides you, to whom can I entrust it? That you cannot decline the chancellorship is like my not being able to decline the realm."
49
猛為相，堅端拱於上，成官總己於下，軍國內外之事，無不由之。 猛剛明清肅，善惡著白，放黜屍素，顯拔幽滯，勸課農桑，練習軍旅，官必當才，刑必當罪。 由是國富兵強，戰無不克，秦國大治。 堅敕太子宏及長樂公丕等曰：「汝事王公，如事我也。」
Once Wang Meng became chancellor, Fu Jian sat above with folded hands while officials below deferred to Meng. Every matter of army and state passed through him. Wang Meng was firm, clear, and austere. Good and evil stood out plainly. He dismissed the idle, promoted the overlooked, urged farming, and drilled the armies. Office went to the capable; punishment fit the crime. The state grew rich and the army strong. In battle they were unbeaten. Qin was brought to good order. Fu Jian told the heir Hong, the Duke of Changle Fu Pi, and the others: "Serve Lord Wang as you serve me."
50
陽平公融在冀州，高選綱紀，以尚書郎房默、河間相申紹為治中別駕，清河崔宏為州從事，管記室。 融年少，為政好新奇，貴苛察； 申紹數規正，導以寬和，融雖敬之，未能盡從。 後紹出為濟北太守，融屢以過失聞，數致譴讓，乃自恨不用紹言。
The Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, was in Jizhou and carefully chose his staff. He made Gentleman of the Masters of Writing Fang Mo and Hejian prefect Shen Shao his chief and vice directors, and Cui Hong of Qinghe provincial secretariat attendant in charge of the record office. Rong was young and loved novelty in government, prizing harsh scrutiny; Shen Shao repeatedly corrected him and urged leniency. Rong respected him but did not fully follow his advice. Later Shen Shao was posted out as prefect of Jibei. Rong was repeatedly reported for faults and often reprimanded, and then regretted not having listened to Shen Shao.
51
融嘗坐擅起學捨為有司所糾，遣主簿李纂詣長安自理； 纂憂懼，道卒。 融問申紹：「誰可使者？」 紹曰：「燕尚書郎高泰，清辯有膽智，可使也。」 先是丞相猛及融屢辟泰，泰不起； 至是，融謂泰曰：「君子救人之急，卿不得復辭！」 泰乃從命。 至長安，丞相猛見之，笑曰：「高子伯於今乃來，何其遲也！」 泰曰：「罪人來就刑，何問遲速！」 猛曰：「何謂也？」 泰曰：「昔魯僖公以泮宮發頌，劉宣王以稷下垂聲。 今陽平公開建學宮，追蹤劉、魯，未聞明詔褒美，乃更煩有司舉劾。 明公阿衡聖朝，懲勸如此，下吏何所逃其罪乎！」 猛曰：「是吾過也。」 事遂得釋。 猛因歎曰：「高子伯豈陽平所宜吏乎！」 言於秦王堅。 堅召見，悅之，問以為治之本，對曰：「治本在得人，得人在審舉，審舉在核真，未有官得其人而國家不治者也。」 堅曰：「可謂辭簡而理博矣。」 以為尚書郎。 秦固請還州，堅許之。
Rong was once impeached for building a schoolhouse on his own authority and sent his chief clerk Li Zuan to Chang'an to plead his case; Li Zuan was stricken with fear and died on the road. Rong asked Shen Shao: "Who can be sent?" Shao said: "Gao Tai, Gentleman of the Masters of Writing of Yan, is clear-spoken, brave, and clever. He can go." Earlier Chancellor Wang Meng and Rong had repeatedly summoned Gao Tai, but he had refused; now Rong told Gao Tai: "A gentleman answers a man's urgent need. You cannot refuse again!" Gao Tai then obeyed. At Chang'an Chancellor Wang Meng received him and laughed: "Gao Zibo has come at last. How late!" Gao Tai said: "A guilty man comes to accept punishment. Why ask whether I am late or early!" Wang Meng said: "What do you mean?" Gao Tai said: "Duke Xi of Lu won praise for founding the Pan Palace school. King Xuan of Liu won fame for the Ji altar. Now the Duke of Yangping openly built a school, following Liu and Lu, yet no clear edict praised him. Instead the authorities were set to impeach him. Your Excellency steadies the sacred court. If reward and punishment work like this, how can a lower official escape blame!" Wang Meng said: "That is my fault." The matter was dropped. Wang Meng sighed: "Is Gao Zibo really an officer for Yangping!" He spoke of this to King Fu Jian. Fu Jian summoned him, was pleased, and asked the root of good government. Gao Tai replied: "The root of governance is getting the right men. Getting men depends on careful selection. Careful selection depends on verifying truth. No state with the right men in office has ever failed to prosper." Fu Jian said: "Brief words, broad principle." He was made Gentleman of the Masters of Writing. Gao Tai firmly asked to return to the province, and Fu Jian agreed.
52
九月，甲寅，追尊故會稽王妃王氏曰順皇後，尊帝母李氏為淑妃。
In the ninth month, on the jiayin day, the former consort of the Prince of Kuaiji, Lady Wang, was posthumously honored as Empress Shun, and the emperor's mother Lady Li was made Shufei.
53
冬，十月，丁卯，葬簡文帝於高平陵。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingmao day, Emperor Jianwen was buried at Gaoping Mausoleum.
54
彭城妖人盧悚自稱大道祭酒，事之者八百餘家。 十一月，遣弟子許龍如吳，晨，到海西公門，稱太后密詔，奉迎興復； 公初欲從之，納保母諫而止。 龍曰：「大事垂捷，焉用兒女子言乎！」 公曰：「我得罪於此，幸蒙寬宥，豈敢妄動！ 且太后有詔，便應官屬來，何獨使汝也？ 汝必為亂！」 因叱左右縛之，龍懼而走。 甲午，悚帥眾三百人，晨攻廣莫門。 詐稱海西公還，由雲龍門突入殿庭，略取武庫甲仗，門下吏士駭愕不知所為。 游擊將軍毛安之聞難，帥眾直入雲龍門，手自奮擊； 左衛將軍殷康，中領軍桓秘入止車門，與安之並力討誅之，並黨與死者數百人。 海西公深慮橫禍，專飲酒，恣聲色，有子為育，時人憐之。 朝廷以其安於屈辱，故不復為虞。
Lu Song, a sorcerer of Pengcheng, called himself Libationer of the Great Way. More than eight hundred households followed him. In the eleventh month he sent his disciple Xu Long to Wu. At dawn Xu Long reached the Prince of Haixi's gate, claiming a secret empress dowager edict to welcome and restore him; the prince at first meant to go along but stopped when his nurse remonstrated with him. Xu Long said: "The great affair is nearly won—why heed a woman's words!" The prince said: "I offended and was sent here. I was spared. How dare I act rashly! And if the empress dowager had an edict, officials would have come. Why send you alone? You are bound to make trouble!" He then ordered his attendants to seize him. Xu Long fled in terror. On jiawu, Lu Song led three hundred followers in a dawn assault on the Gate of Broad Darkness. Claiming falsely that the Prince of Haixi was returning, they rushed through the Cloud-Dragon Gate into the palace court, looted the armory, and the gate officials and guards stood stunned, not knowing what to do. Mobile Corps General Mao Anzhi, hearing of the attack, led his men straight through the Cloud-Dragon Gate and fought hand to hand himself; Left Guard General Yin Kang and Central Army Commander Huan Mi entered through the Gate Where Chariots Stop and, together with Anzhi, put the rebels down. Several hundred of their followers were killed. The Prince of Haixi lived in constant fear of violent death. He drank constantly and gave himself over to pleasure. He had a son named Yu, and contemporaries pitied him. The court assumed he had accepted his humiliation and no longer worried about him.
55
秦都督北蕃諸軍事、鎮北大將軍、開府儀同三司、朔方桓侯梁平老卒。 平老在鎮十餘年，鮮卑、匈奴憚而愛之。
Liang Pinglao, Former Qin's commander on the northern frontier, Grand General Who Pacifies the North, and Marquis Huan of Shuofang, died. Pinglao had held the frontier command for more than ten years, and the Xianbei and Xiongnu both feared and admired him.
56
三吳大旱，饑，人多餓死。
The Three Wu regions suffered severe drought and famine, and many people died of starvation.
57
春，正月，己丑朔，大赦，改元。
In the first month of spring, on the new moon of jichou, the court proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the reign era.
58
二月，大司馬溫來朝。 辛巳，詔吏部尚書謝安、侍中王坦之迎於新亭。 是時，都下人情恟恟，或雲欲誅王、謝，因移晉室。 坦之甚懼，安神色不變，曰：「晉祚存亡，決於此行。」 溫既至，百官拜於道側。 溫大陳兵衛，延見朝士，有位望者皆戰懾失色，坦之流汗沾衣，倒執手版。 安從容就席，坐定，謂溫曰：「安聞諸侯有道，守在四鄰，明公何須壁後置人邪！」 溫笑曰：「正自不能不爾。」 遂命左右撤之，與安笑語移日。 郗超常為溫謀主，安與坦之見溫，溫使超臥帳中聽其言。 風動帳開，安笑曰：「郗生可謂入幕之賓矣。」 時天子幼弱，外有強臣，安與坦之盡忠輔衛，卒安晉室。
In the second month, Grand Marshal Huan Wen came to court. On xinsi, the court ordered Minister of the Civil Service Xie An and Palace Attendant Wang Tanzhi to welcome him at Xinting. Rumors swept the capital. Some said Huan Wen intended to kill the Wang and Xie clans and seize the throne for himself. Tanzhi was terrified, but Xie An's face did not change. He said, "The fate of the Jin dynasty rests on this journey." When Huan Wen arrived, officials lined the road and bowed. Huan Wen displayed a massive armed escort and summoned the court gentlemen to an audience. Men of standing trembled and went pale. Tanzhi sweated through his robes and held his official tablet upside down. Xie An took his seat calmly. When he was settled, he said to Huan Wen, "I have heard that when a lord follows the Way, his defense lies with his neighbors. Why must Your Excellency keep armed men behind the screen!" Huan Wen smiled and said, "I truly could not help it." He then ordered the armed men withdrawn and talked and laughed with Xie An until sunset. Chi Chao had long been Huan Wen's chief strategist. When Xie An and Wang Tanzhi came to see him, Huan Wen had Chao hide in the tent to eavesdrop. A gust of wind blew the tent open. Xie An smiled and said, "Master Chi is truly a guest who has entered the tent." The emperor was still a child, and a powerful minister held the realm in his grip. Xie An and Wang Tanzhi served loyally as protectors and in the end preserved the Jin dynasty.
59
溫治盧悚入宮事，收尚書陸始付廷尉，免桓秘官，連坐者甚眾； 遷毛安之為右衛將軍，桓秘由是怨溫。 三月，溫有疾，停建康十四日，甲午，還姑孰。
Huan Wen investigated Lu Song's palace raid, arrested Minister of the Masters of Writing Lu Shi and turned him over to the Court of Justice, stripped Huan Mi of his post, and implicated a great many others; Mao Anzhi was made Right Guard General, and Huan Mi came to resent Huan Wen for it. In the third month Huan Wen fell ill. He stayed at Jiankang fourteen days, then on jiawu returned to Gudu.
60
夏，代王什翼犍使燕鳳入貢於秦。
In summer, King Shiyijian of Dai sent Yan Feng to offer tribute to Former Qin.
61
秋，七月，己亥，南郡宣武公桓溫薨。 初，溫疾篤，諷朝廷求九錫，屢使人趣之。 謝安、王坦之故緩其事，使袁宏具草。 宏以示王彪之，彪之歎其文辭之美，因曰：「卿固大才，安可以此示人！」 謝安見其草，輒改之，由是歷旬不就。 宏密謀於彪之，彪之曰：「聞彼病日增，亦當不復支久，自可更小遲回。」 宏從之。 溫弟江州刺史沖，問溫以謝安、王坦之所任，溫曰：「渠等不為汝所處分。」 其意以為，己存，彼必不敢立異，死則非沖所制； 若害之，無益於沖，更失時望故也。 溫以世子熙才弱，使沖領其眾。 於是桓秘與熙弟濟謀共殺沖，沖密知之，不敢入。 俄頃，溫薨，沖先遣力士拘錄熙、濟而後臨喪。 秘遂被廢棄，熙、濟俱徙長沙。 詔葬溫依漢霍光及安平獻王故事。 沖稱溫遺命，以少子玄為嗣，時方五歲，襲封南郡公。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jihai, Duke Xuanwu of Nandun, Huan Wen, died. When Huan Wen's illness turned grave, he pressed the court for the Nine Bestowals and sent messenger after messenger to hurry them along. Xie An and Wang Tanzhi deliberately stalled and had Yuan Hong draft the edict. Hong showed the draft to Wang Biaozhi. Biaozhi admired its eloquence, then said, "You are a man of great talent. You must not let others see this!" Each time Xie An saw the draft, he revised it, and more than ten days passed without a finished document. Hong consulted Biaozhi in private. Biaozhi said, "I hear his illness grows worse by the day. He cannot last much longer. We can afford to delay a little longer." Hong took his advice. Huan Wen's younger brother Chong, governor of Jiangzhou, asked him about the appointments of Xie An and Wang Tanzhi. Huan Wen said, "Those men are not yours to remove." He meant that while he lived, they would not dare defy him, but after his death they would be beyond Chong's control; and if Chong harmed them, it would do him no good and would only cost him public esteem. Huan Wen judged his heir Xi too weak and had Chong take command of his forces. Huan Mi and Xi's younger brother Ji then plotted to kill Chong. Chong learned of it secretly and did not dare enter. Soon after, Huan Wen died. Chong first sent strongmen to seize Xi and Ji, then attended the funeral. Mi was stripped of office, and both Xi and Ji were exiled to Changsha. An edict ordered Huan Wen buried with the honors given Huo Guang of Han and King Xian of Anping. Chong declared it Huan Wen's dying wish that his youngest son Xuan succeed him. Xuan was only five and inherited the title Duke of Nandun.
62
庚戌，加右將軍、荊州刺史桓豁征西將軍，督荊、楊、雍、交、廣五州諸軍事。 以江州刺史桓沖為中軍將軍、都督揚、豫、江三州諸軍事、揚、豫二州刺史，鎮姑孰； 竟陵太守桓石秀為寧遠將軍、江州刺史，鎮尋陽。 石秀，豁之子也。 沖既代溫居任，盡忠王室，或勸沖誅除時望，專執時權，沖不從。 始，溫在鎮，死罪皆專決不請。 沖以為生殺之重，當歸朝廷，凡大辟皆先上，須報，然後行之。
On gengxu, Right General and Jingzhou governor Huan Huo was made Grand General Who Conquers the West and overseer of military affairs in Jing, Yang, Yong, Jiao, and Guang. Jiangzhou governor Huan Chong was made Central Army General, commander of military affairs in Yang, Yu, and Jiang, and governor of Yang and Yu, stationed at Gudu; Jingling prefect Huan Shixiu was made Pacifying-the-Distance General and governor of Jiangzhou, stationed at Xunyang. Huan Shixiu was a son of Huan Huo. Once Chong succeeded Huan Wen, he served the throne loyally. Some urged him to purge men of standing and seize power for himself, but he refused. When Huan Wen held frontier command, he decided capital cases on his own without seeking court approval. Chong held that the power of life and death belonged to the court. All capital sentences had to be reported to the capital and carried out only after approval.
63
謝安以天子幼沖，新喪元輔，欲請崇德太后臨朝。 王彪之曰：「前世人主幼在襁褓，母子一體，故可臨朝； 太后亦不能決事，要須顧問大臣。 今上年出十歲，垂及冠婚，反令從嫂臨朝，示人君幼弱，豈所以光揚聖德乎！ 諸公必欲行此，豈僕所制，所惜者大體耳。」 安不欲委任桓沖，故使太后臨朝，己得以專獻替裁決，遂不從彪之之言。 八月，壬子，太后復臨朝懾政。
With the emperor still a child and the chief minister newly dead, Xie An wanted Empress Dowager Chongde to hold court. Wang Biaozhi said, "In earlier times, when an emperor was still in swaddling clothes, mother and son were one body, so regency was possible; even then the empress dowager could not decide affairs on her own and had to rely on the great ministers. His Majesty is already past ten and nearing the age of capping and marriage. To have a sister-in-law hold court would show the throne as weak. How would that glorify imperial virtue! If you gentlemen insist on this, I cannot stop you. What I regret is the damage to the larger principle." Xie An did not want to entrust power to Huan Chong. He had the empress dowager hold court so he could control policy himself, and he ignored Biaozhi's advice. In the eighth month, on renzi, the empress dowager resumed holding court as regent.
64
梁州刺史楊亮遣其子廣襲仇池，與秦梁州刺史楊安戰，廣兵敗，沮水諸戌皆委城奔潰。 亮懼，退守磬險。 九月，安進攻漢川。
Liangzhou governor Yang Liang sent his son Guang to raid Chouchi. Guang fought Former Qin's Liangzhou governor Yang An and was defeated. The garrisons along the Ju River abandoned their posts and fled. Frightened, Yang Liang withdrew to Panxian. In the ninth month, Yang An advanced against Hanchuan.
65
丙申，以王彪之為尚書令，謝安為僕射，領吏部，共掌朝政。 安每歎曰：「朝廷大事，眾所不能決者，以咨王公，無不立決。」
On bingshen, Wang Biaozhi was made Director of the Masters of Writing and Xie An Vice Director with charge of the Ministry of the Civil Service. Together they governed the court. Xie An often said with a sigh, "On great affairs of state that no one else can settle, once I consult Lord Wang, the matter is decided at once."
66
以吳國內史刁彝為徐、兗二州刺史，鎮廣陵。
Diao Yi, interior minister of Wu, was made governor of Xu and Yan and posted at Guangling.
67
冬，秦王堅使益州刺史王統、秘書監朱肜帥卒二萬出漢川，前禁將軍毛當、鷹揚將軍徐成帥卒三萬出劍門，入寇梁、益； 梁州刺史楊亮帥巴獠萬餘拒之，戰於青谷。 亮兵敗，奔固西城。 肜遂拔漢中。 徐成攻劍門，克之。 楊安進攻梓潼，梓潼太守周颺固守涪城，遣步騎數千送母、妻自漢水趣江陵，朱肜邀而獲之，颺遂降於安。 十一月，安克梓潼。 荊州刺史桓豁遣江夏相竺瑤救梁、益； 瑤聞廣漢太守趙長戰死，引兵退。 益州刺史周仲孫勒兵拒朱肜於綿竹，聞毛當將至成都，仲孫帥騎五千奔於南中。 奉遂取梁、益二州，邛、莋、夜郎皆附於秦。 秦王堅以楊安為益州牧，鎮成都； 毛當為州刺史，鎮漢中； 姚萇為寧州刺史，屯墊江； 王統為南秦州刺史，鎮仇池。
In winter, King Fu Jian sent Yizhou governor Wang Tong and Director of the Masters of Writing Zhu Rong with twenty thousand men from Hanchuan, and Forward Prohibitions General Mao Dang and Soaring-Hawk General Xu Cheng with thirty thousand through Jianmen, to invade Liang and Yi; Liangzhou governor Yang Liang led more than ten thousand Ba and Liao troops to resist them and fought at Qinggu. Yang Liang was defeated and fled to Guxicheng. Zhu Rong then took Hanzhong. Xu Cheng attacked Jianmen and took it. Yang An advanced on Zitong. Zitong prefect Zhou Yang held Fucheng and sent several thousand foot and horse to escort his mother and wife down the Han toward Jiangling. Zhu Rong intercepted them, and Zhou Yang surrendered to Yang An. In the eleventh month, Yang An took Zitong. Jingzhou governor Huan Huo sent Jiangxia prefect Zhu Yao to relieve Liang and Yi; When Zhu Yao heard that Guanghan prefect Zhao Chang had fallen in battle, he withdrew. Yizhou governor Zhou Zhongsun mustered troops to resist Zhu Rong at Mianzhu. When he heard Mao Dang was nearing Chengdu, he fled south with five thousand cavalry. Former Qin then seized Liang and Yi. Qiong, Zuo, and Yelang all submitted to Qin. King Fu Jian made Yang An governor-general of Yizhou and posted him at Chengdu; Mao Dang was made governor of Liangzhou and posted at Hanzhong; Yao Chang was made governor of Ningzhou and encamped at Dianjiang; Wang Tong was made governor of Southern Qinzhou and posted at Chouchi.
68
秦王堅欲以周虓為尚書郎。 虓曰：「蒙晉厚恩，但老母見獲，失節於此，母子獲全，秦之惠也。 雖公侯之貴，不以為榮，況郎官乎！」 遂不仕。 每見堅，或箕踞而坐，呼為氐賊。 嘗值元會，儀衛甚盛，堅問之曰：「晉朝元會，與此何如？」 虓攘袂厲聲曰：「犬羊相聚，何敢比擬天朝！」 秦人以虓不遜，屢請殺之，堅待之彌厚。
King Fu Jian wished to appoint Zhou Jiao as a Gentleman of the Masters of Writing. Jiao said, "Jin showed me great kindness, but my mother was captured and I lost my integrity here. That we were both spared is Former Qin's mercy. Even a duke's or marquis's rank would not honor me. How much less a clerk's post!" He refused to serve. Whenever he saw Fu Jian, he sometimes sat sprawled with legs apart and called him "Di bandit." Once at the New Year's court assembly, when the guard of honor was at its grandest, Fu Jian asked him, "How does the Eastern Jin New Year's assembly compare with this?" Jiao rolled up his sleeves and shouted, "Dogs and sheep huddled together! How dare they compare themselves with the Celestial Court!" Qin officials, finding Jiao insolent, repeatedly asked Fu Jian to kill him, but he treated Jiao all the more generously.
69
周仲孫坐失守免官。 桓沖以冠軍將軍毛虎生為益州刺史，領建平太守，以虎生子球為梓潼太守。 虎生與球代秦，至巴西，以糧乏，退屯巴東。
Zhou Zhongsun was stripped of office for losing his province. Huan Chong made Champion General Mao Husheng governor of Yizhou and acting prefect of Jianping, and appointed Husheng's son Qiu prefect of Zitong. Husheng and Qiu marched to recover the territory from Qin and reached Baxi, but short of supplies they fell back to Badong.
70
以侍中王坦之為中書令，領丹楊尹。
Palace Attendant Wang Tanzhi was made Director of the Palace Secretariat and concurrently magistrate of Danyang.
71
是歲，鮮卑勃寒寇掠隴右，秦王堅使乞伏司繁討之。 勃寒請降，遂使司繁鎮勇士川。
That year the Xianbei chief Bohán raided Longyou. King Fu Jian sent Qifu Sifan against him. Bohán surrendered, and Qifu Sifan was posted to guard Yongshi River.
72
有彗星出於尾箕，長十餘丈，經太微，掃東井； 自四月始見，及秋冬不滅。 秦太史令張孟言於秦王堅曰：「尾、箕，燕分； 東井，秦分也。 令彗起尾、箕而掃東井，十年之後，燕當滅秦； 二十年之後，代當滅燕。 慕容□父子兄弟，我之仇敵，而布列朝廷，貴盛莫二，臣竊憂之，宜翦其抱魁桀者，以消天變。」 堅不聽。
A comet appeared from the Tail and Winnowing Basket asterisms, more than ten zhang long, passed through the Supreme Palace Enclosure, and swept the Eastern Well; It first appeared in the fourth month and remained visible through autumn and winter. Qin Grand Astrologer Zhang Meng told King Fu Jian, "Tail and Winnowing Basket belong to Yan's allotted region; Eastern Well is Qin's allotted region. Now the comet rises from Tail and Winnowing Basket and sweeps Eastern Well. In ten years Yan will destroy Qin; In twenty years Dai will destroy Yan. Murong Chui and his sons and brothers are our sworn enemies, yet they fill the court ranks, second to none in rank and power. I am deeply troubled. Cut down their leading men and Heaven's warning may be averted." Fu Jian would not listen.
73
陽平公融上疏曰：「東胡跨據六州，南面稱帝，陛下勞師累年，然後得之，本非慕義而來。 今陛下親而幸之，使其父子兄弟森然滿朝，執權履職，勢傾勳舊。 臣愚以為狼虎之心，終不可養，星變如此，願少留意。」 堅報曰：「朕方混六合為一家，視夷狄為赤子。 汝宜息慮，勿懷耿介。 夫惟修德可以禳災，苟能內求諸己，何懼外患乎！」
The Duke of Yangping, Fu Rong, submitted a memorial: "The Eastern Hu held six provinces and called themselves emperors in the south. Your Majesty wore out the army for years before conquering them. They did not submit out of love for righteousness. Now Your Majesty favors them as kin, and their fathers, sons, and brothers stand rank upon rank in court, wielding office and power until they overshadow the old servants of merit. I am convinced that a wolf's or tiger's heart can never be kept fed in safety. The heavens show such a sign—please give this some heed." Fu Jian answered: "I mean to fuse the six quarters of the realm into one household and count the alien peoples as my own infant children. Set your mind at ease and do not cling to such rigid scruples. Only by cultivating virtue can disaster be turned aside. If a man looks within himself, what external threat need he dread?"
74
春，正月，癸未朔，大赦。
In spring, on the new moon of the first month, day guwei, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
75
己酉，刁彝卒。 二月，癸丑，以王坦之為都督徐、兗、青三州諸軍事、徐、兗二州刺史，鎮廣陵。 詔謝安總中書。 安好聲律，期功之慘，不廢絲竹，士大夫效之，遂以成俗。 王坦之屢以書苦諫之曰：「天下之寶，當為天下惜之。」 安不能從。
On jiyou, Diao Yi died. In the second month, on guichou, Wang Tanzhi was made commander of military affairs in Xu, Yan, and Qing and governor of Xu and Yan, with his seat at Guangling. An edict placed Xie An in overall charge of the Secretariat. Xie An loved music and tonal refinement. Even in the deepest mourning for a kinsman he would not lay aside his strings and pipes. The gentry took him as their model, and the practice hardened into custom. Wang Tanzhi wrote again and again in bitter remonstrance: "The treasures of the realm should be treasured for the realm's sake. Xie An would not heed him.
76
三月，秦太尉建寧列公李威卒。
In the third month, Li Wei, Qin grand commandant and Duke of Jianninglie, died.
77
夏，五月，蜀人張育、楊光起兵擊秦，有眾二萬，遣使來請兵。 秦王堅遣鎮軍將軍鄧羌帥甲士五萬討之。 益州刺史竺瑤、威遠將軍桓石虔帥眾三萬攻墊江，姚萇兵敗，退屯五城。 瑤、石虔屯巴東。 張育自號蜀王，與巴獠酋帥張重、尹萬等五萬餘人進圍成都。 六月，育改元黑龍。 秋，七月，張育與張重等爭權，舉兵相攻，秦楊安、鄧羌襲育，敗之，育與楊光退屯綿竹。 八月，鄧羌敗晉兵於涪西。 九月，楊安敗張重、尹萬於成都南，重死，斬首二萬三千級。 鄧羌擊張育、楊光於綿竹，皆斬之。 益州復入於秦。
In summer, the fifth month, the Shu leaders Zhang Yu and Yang Guang took up arms against Qin with twenty thousand men and sent envoys to Jin asking for troops. King Fu Jian sent Pacifying Army General Deng Qiang with fifty thousand armored troops to suppress them. Yizhou inspector Zhu Yao and Might-reaching General Huan Shiqian marched thirty thousand men against Dianjiang. Yao Chang was routed and fell back to Wucheng. Zhu Yao and Huan Shiqian encamped at Badong. Zhang Yu declared himself King of Shu and, with the Ba and Liao chieftains Zhang Chong, Yin Wan, and more than fifty thousand followers, pressed the siege of Chengdu. In the sixth month, Zhang Yu proclaimed the era name Black Dragon. In autumn, the seventh month, Zhang Yu and Zhang Chong fell out over power and turned their armies on each other. Yang An and Deng Qiang of Qin struck Yu by surprise, routed him, and Yu and Yang Guang retreated to Mianzhu. In the eighth month, Deng Qiang defeated Jin forces west of Fu. In the ninth month, Yang An routed Zhang Chong and Yin Wan south of Chengdu. Chong was killed, and twenty-three thousand heads were counted. Deng Qiang struck Zhang Yu and Yang Guang at Mianzhu and beheaded them both. Yizhou again passed back under Qin control.
78
冬，十二月，有人入秦明光殿大呼曰：「甲申、乙酉，魚羊食人，悲哉無復遺！」 秦王堅命執之，不獲。 秘書監朱肜、秘書侍郎略陽趙整固請誅諸鮮卑，堅不聽。 整，宦官也，博聞強記，能屬文，好直言，上書及面諫，前後五十餘事。 慕容垂夫人得幸於堅，堅與之同輦游於後庭，整歌曰：「不見雀來入燕室，但見浮雲蔽白日。」 堅改容謝之，命夫人下輦。
In winter, the twelfth month, a man burst into Qin's Mingguang Hall and cried: "On jiashen and yiyou, fish and sheep will devour men—wretched, not one left alive! King Fu Jian ordered him seized, but he could not be found. Secretariat Director Zhu Rong and Secretariat Gentleman Zhao Zheng of Lueyang urgently petitioned that all Xianbei be put to death. Fu Jian refused. Zheng was a eunuch, widely read with a formidable memory, able to write polished prose, and fond of blunt speech. In written memorials and face-to-face remonstrance he had more than fifty such occasions. Murong Chui's wife had won Fu Jian's favor. Jian rode with her in the same carriage in the rear garden, and Zheng sang: "No sparrow enters the swallows' hall—only drifting clouds blot out the white sun. Fu Jian changed color and apologized, then ordered the lady to step down from the carriage.
79
是歲，代王什翼犍擊劉衛辰，南走。
That year, the king of Dai, Shuyi Jian, attacked Liu Weichen, who fled south.
80
春，正月，辛亥，大赦。
In spring, on xinhai of the first month, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
81
夏，五月，丙午，藍田獻侯王坦之卒； 臨終與謝安、桓沖書，惟以國家為憂，言不及私。
In summer, the fifth month, on bingwu, Marquis Xian of Lantian, Wang Tanzhi, died; At the end he wrote to Xie An and Huan Chong, grieving only for the realm and saying nothing of private affairs.
82
桓沖以謝安素有重望，欲以揚州讓之，自求外出。 桓氏族黨皆以為非計，莫不扼腕苦諫，郗超亦深止之，沖皆不聽，處之澹然。 甲寅，詔以沖都督徐、豫、兗、青、揚五州諸軍事、徐州刺史，鎮京口； 以安領揚州刺史，並加侍中。
Huan Chong, knowing Xie An's long-standing prestige, wished to yield Yangzhou to him and asked for a post away from the capital. The whole Huan clan thought this a mistake and wrung their hands in bitter remonstrance. Xi Chao also strongly urged him to stop. Chong would not listen and met it all with unruffled calm. On jiayin, an edict made Huan Chong commander of military affairs in Xu, Yu, Yan, Qing, and Yang and inspector of Xuzhou, stationed at Jingkou; Xie An was made inspector of Yangzhou, and both men were given the rank of palace attendant.
83
六月，秦清河武侯王猛寢疾，秦王堅親為之祈南、北郊及宗廟、社稷，分遣侍臣遍禱河、岳諸神。 猛疾少療，為之赦殊死以下。 猛上疏曰：「不圖陛下以臣之命而虧天地之德，開闢已來，未之有也。 臣聞報德莫如盡言，謹以垂沒之命，竊獻遺款。 伏惟陛下，威烈振乎八荒，聲教光乎六合，九州百郡，十居其七，平燕定蜀，有如拾芥。 夫善作者不必善成，善始者不必善終，是以古先哲王，知功業之不易，戰戰兢兢，如臨深谷。 伏惟陛下，追蹤前聖，天下幸甚！」 堅覽之悲慟。 秋，七月，堅親至猛第視疾，訪以後事。 猛曰：「晉雖僻處江南，然正朔相承，上下安和，臣沒之後，願勿以晉為圖。 鮮卑、西羌，我之仇敵，終為人患，宜漸除之，以便社稷。」 言終而卒。 堅比斂，三臨哭，謂太子宏曰：「天不欲使吾平壹六合耶！ 何奪吾景略之速也！」 葬之如漢霍光故事。
In the sixth month, Wang Meng, Marquis Wu of Qinghe, fell gravely ill. King Fu Jian sacrificed in person at the southern and northern suburban altars, at the ancestral temple, and at the altars of soil and grain on his behalf, and sent attendant ministers to pray at rivers and mountains throughout the land. When Meng's illness eased a little, Fu Jian proclaimed an amnesty for all crimes short of capital punishment on his account. Meng submitted a memorial: "I never dreamed Your Majesty would spend Heaven and Earth's virtue for the sake of my one life. Since the world began, nothing like this has been heard of. I have heard that the true repayment of kindness is plain speech. At the edge of death I venture my last loyal counsel. Your Majesty's martial glory shakes the eight directions and your civilizing radiance fills the six quarters. Of the nine provinces and hundred commanderies, seven tenths are yours. Conquering Yan and settling Shu were like picking up fallen stalks from the ground. He who excels at founding need not excel at finishing; he who excels at beginning need not excel at the end. The sage kings of old knew how hard it is to hold an achievement, and trembled as though standing over a deep ravine. If Your Majesty follows in the footsteps of those sages, the realm will be blessed indeed!" When Fu Jian read it, he was overcome with grief. In autumn, the seventh month, Fu Jian went in person to Wang Meng's house to inquire after his illness and ask what should be done after his death. Meng said: "Jin may be confined to the south of the Yangtze, yet the imperial succession continues unbroken and the realm there is at peace. After I am gone, do not set your sights on Jin. The Xianbei and the Western Qiang are our sworn enemies. In time they will become a plague upon the realm. They should be removed little by little for the sake of the altars of state." He finished speaking and died. When the coffin was laid out, Fu Jian came three times to weep and said to Crown Prince Hong: "Does Heaven not mean for me to unite the six quarters of the realm! Why must it snatch Jinglue from me so soon!" He was buried with the honors accorded Huo Guang in Han.
84
八月，癸巳，立皇後王氏，大赦。 後，濛之孫也。 以後父晉陵太守蘊為光祿大夫，領五兵尚書，封建昌縣侯，蘊固辭不受。
In the eighth month, on guisi, Empress Wang was installed and a general amnesty was proclaimed. The empress was a granddaughter of Wang Mi. The empress's father, Wang Yun, governor of Jinling, was made Grand Master for Splendor and concurrent Grand Minister of War and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jianchang County. Yun firmly declined and would not accept.
85
九月，帝講《孝經》，始覽典和籍，延儒士。 謝安薦東莞徐邈補中書捨人，每被顧問，多所匡益。 帝或宴集，酣樂之後，好為手詔詩章以賜侍臣，或文詞率爾，所言穢雜； 邈應時收斂還省刊削，皆使可觀，經帝重覽，然後出之，時議以此多邈。
In the ninth month, the emperor lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety, began to read the canonical texts and archives, and invited Confucian scholars to court. Xie An recommended Xu Miao of Dongguan for the post of Secretariat Attendant. Whenever the emperor consulted him, his answers brought much corrective benefit. At banquets, once deep in wine and merriment, the emperor liked to draft edicts and poems by hand and bestow them on his attendants. Sometimes the wording was hasty and the content coarse or confused; Miao would promptly take them back to the secretariat, revise and trim them until they were presentable, and only after the emperor had read them again would they be issued. Public opinion greatly praised him for this.
86
冬，十月，癸酉朔，日有食之。
In winter, on the new moon of the tenth month, day guiyou, there was a solar eclipse.
87
秦王堅下詔曰：「新喪賢輔，百司或未稱朕心，可置聽訟觀於未央南，朕五日一臨，以求民隱。 今天下雖未大定，權可偃武修文，以稱武侯雅旨。 其增崇儒教，禁老、莊、圖讖之學，犯者棄市。」 妙簡學生，太子及公侯百僚之子皆就學受業； 中外四禁、二衛、四軍長上將士，皆令受學。 二十人給一經生，教讀音句，後宮置典學以教掖庭，選閹人及女隸敏慧者詣博士授經。 尚書郎王佩讀讖，堅殺之，學讖者遂絕。
King Fu Jian issued an edict: "I have just lost a worthy minister, and the hundred offices may not yet suit my mind. Let a Hall for Hearing Lawsuits be built south of Weiyang Palace. I shall visit it every five days to seek out the people's hidden grievances. Though the realm is not yet fully settled, for now we may lay aside arms and cultivate civil culture, in keeping with the Marquis of Wu's noble intent. Confucian teaching is to be exalted, and the study of Laozi, Zhuangzi, and prognostic charts is forbidden. Violators shall be executed in the market." Outstanding students were carefully chosen. The crown prince and the sons of dukes, marquises, and the hundred officials all entered school to receive instruction; Officers and men of the four inner guards, the two wings, and the four armies on long-term duty were all ordered to receive schooling. Every twenty men were given one classicist to teach reading and phrasing. Within the rear palace a canonical academy was set up to instruct the palace women, and clever eunuchs and serving women were chosen to receive instruction from the classicists. Secretariat Gentleman Wang Pei studied prognostic charts. Fu Jian had him executed, and the study of prognostics died out.