1
資治通鑑第124卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 124
2
【宋紀六】起玄黓敦牂，盡柔兆閹茂，凡五年。
[Song Records 6] The span runs from Xuanyi Dunzhi through Rouzhao Yanmao—five years in all.
3
太祖文皇帝中之中元嘉十九年（ 壬午，公元四四二年）
Emperor Wen of Liu Song, nineteenth year of Yuanjia ( renwu, CE 442)
4
春，正月，甲申，魏主備法駕，詣道壇受符菉，旗幟盡青。 自是每帝即位皆受菉。 謙之又奏作靜輪宮，必令其高不聞雞犬，欲以上接天神。 崔浩勸帝為之，功費萬計，經年不成。 太子晃諫曰：「天人道殊，卑高定分，不可相接，理在必然。 今虛耗府庫，疲弊百姓，為無益之事，將安用之！ 必如謙之所言，請因東山萬仞之高，為功差易。」 帝不從。
In spring, the first month, on jiashen, the Northern Wei ruler went in full imperial procession to the Dao altar to receive talisman registers; every banner was green. Henceforth every new emperor received the registers upon taking the throne. Qianzhi again petitioned to build the Jinglun Palace, insisting it rise so high that no cock or dog could be heard from the ground, the better to connect with the gods above. Cui Hao urged the emperor to go ahead; the work consumed vast sums and, a year on, was still unfinished. Crown Prince Huang remonstrated: "Heaven and humanity follow different paths; high and low have their allotted places and cannot meet—that is simply how things are. Now the treasury is emptied and the people exhausted for a useless project—what good can come of it! If Qianzhi's plan must be followed, use Eastern Mountain's sheer ten-thousand-ren height—the work would be far easier." The emperor would not listen.
5
夏，四月，沮渠無諱將萬餘家，棄敦煌西就沮渠安周。 未至，鄯善王比龍畏之，將其眾奔且末，其世子降於安周。 無諱遂據鄯善，其士卒經流沙，渴死者太半。
In summer, the fourth month, Juqu Wuhui led more than ten thousand households west from Dunhuang to join Juqu Anzhou. Before Wuhui arrived, King Bilong of Shanshan, afraid of him, fled with his people to Qiemo while his heir surrendered to Anzhou. Wuhui then occupied Shanshan; crossing the shifting sands, more than half his troops died of thirst.
6
李寶自伊吾帥眾二千入據敦煌，繕修城府，安集故民。
From Yiwu, Li Bao led two thousand men into Dunhuang, repaired the walls and fortifications, and resettled the former inhabitants.
7
沮渠牧犍之亡也，涼州人闞爽據高昌，自稱太守。 唐契為柔然所逼，擁眾西趨高昌，欲奪其地。 柔然遣其將阿若追擊之，契敗死。 契弟和收餘眾奔車師前部王伊洛。 時沮渠安周屯橫截城，和攻拔之，又拔高寧、白力二城，遣使請降於魏。 甲戌，上以疾愈，大赦。
After Juqu Mujian's fall, Kan Shuang of Liangzhou seized Gaochang and proclaimed himself grand administrator. Pressed by the Rouran, Tang Qi gathered his followers and marched west on Gaochang to seize the land. The Rouran sent General Aruo in pursuit; Qi was defeated and killed. Qi's younger brother He rallied the survivors and fled to Yiluo, king of the Front Division of Cheshi. Juqu Anzhou was then encamped at Hengjie City; He stormed and took it, then captured Gaoning and Baili as well, and sent envoys to submit to Northern Wei. On jiaxu, the emperor, recovered from illness, proclaimed a general amnesty.
8
五月，裴方明等至漢中，與劉真道分兵攻武興、下辯、白水，皆取之。 楊難當遣建節將軍符弘祖守蘭皋，使其子撫軍大將軍和將重兵為後繼。 方明與弘祖戰於濁水，大破之，斬弘祖； 和退走，追至赤亭，又破之。 難當奔上邽； 獲難當兄子建節將軍保熾。 難當以其子虎為益州刺史，守陰平，聞難當走，引兵還，至下辯； 方明使其子肅之邀擊之，擒虎，送建康，斬之； 仇池平。 以輔國司馬胡崇之為北秦州刺史，鎮其地； 立楊保熾為楊玄後，使守仇池。 魏人遣中山王辰迎楊難當詣平城。 秋，七月，以劉真道為雍州刺史，裴方明為梁、南秦二州刺史； 方明辭不拜。
In the fifth month, Pei Fangming and others reached Hanzhong; he and Liu Zhendao divided their forces and attacked Wuxing, Xiabian, and Baishui, taking them all. Yang Nandang sent Establishment of Merit General Fu Hongzu to hold Langan and posted his son He, General Who Pacifies the Army, with a strong force in reserve. Fangming met Hongzu at Zhuoshui, routed him, and beheaded him; He fled; they pursued to Chiting and routed him again. Nandang fled to Shanggui; They captured Nandang's nephew, Establishment of Merit General Baochi. Nandang had left his son Hu as governor of Yizhou to hold Yinping; hearing of his father's flight, Hu marched back and reached Xiabian; Fangming sent his son Suzhi to intercept him; Hu was captured, sent to Jiankang, and executed; Qiuchi was pacified. Hu Chongzhi, aide to the state, was appointed governor of Northern Qin to hold the region; Yang Baochi was installed as Yang Xuan's successor and left to guard Qiuchi. Northern Wei sent Prince Chen of Zhongshan to escort Yang Nandang to Pingcheng. In autumn, the seventh month, Liu Zhendao was appointed governor of Yongzhou and Pei Fangming governor of Liang and Southern Qin; Fangming declined the appointment.
9
丙寅，魏主使安西將軍古弼督隴右諸軍，及殿中虎賁與武都王楊保宗自祁山南入，征西將軍漁陽皮豹子與琅邪王司馬楚之，督關中諸軍自散關西入，俱會仇池。 又使譙王司馬文思督洛、豫諸軍南趨襄陽，征南將軍刁雍東趨廣陵，移書徐州，稱為楊難當報仇。
On bingyin, the Northern Wei ruler sent Pacifier of the West General Gu Bi to command the Longyou armies, with the Palace Tiger Guard and Prince Bao of Wudu Yang Baozong entering south from Qishan, while Pacifier of the West General Pizi of Yuyang and Prince Chu of Langya Sima Chuzhi led the Guanzhong armies in from Sanguan—all converging on Qiuchi. He also sent Prince Wen of Qiao Sima Wensi to lead the Luoyang and Yuzhou armies south on Xiangyang, and Pacifier of the South General Diao Yong east on Guangling, writing to Xuzhou that he came to avenge Yang Nandang.
10
甲戌晦，日有食之。
On the last day of jiaxu, there was a solar eclipse.
11
唐契之攻闞爽也，爽遣使詐降於沮渠無諱，欲與之共擊契。 八月，無諱將其眾趨高昌； 比至，契已死，爽閉門拒之。 九月，無諱將衛興奴夜襲高昌，屠其城，爽奔柔然。 無諱據高昌，遣其常侍汜俊奉表詣建康。 詔以無諱為都督涼、河、沙三州諸軍事、征西大將軍、涼州刺史、河西王。
When Tang Qi attacked Kan Shuang, Shuang sent envoys feigning surrender to Juqu Wuhui, hoping to join forces against Qi. In the eighth month, Wuhui marched on Gaochang; By the time he arrived, Qi was dead; Shuang shut the gates against him. In the ninth month, Wuhui's general Wei Xingnu stormed Gaochang by night, sacked the city, and Shuang fled to the Rouran. Wuhui occupied Gaochang and sent his regular attendant Si Jun with a memorial to Jiankang. An edict made Wuhui area commander for Liang, He, and Sha, Grand General Who Pacifies the West, governor of Liangzhou, and Prince of Hexi.
12
冬，十月，己卯，魏立皇子伏羅為晉王，翰為秦王，譚為燕王，建為楚王，余為吳王。
In winter, the tenth month, on jimao, Northern Wei enfeoffed the princes: Fula as Prince of Jin, Han as Prince of Qin, Tan as Prince of Yan, Jian as Prince of Chu, and Yu as Prince of Wu.
13
甲申，柔然遣使詣建康。
On jiashen, the Rouran sent envoys to Jiankang.
14
十二月，辛已，魏襄城孝王盧魯元卒。
In the twelfth month, on xinsi, Prince Xia of Xiangcheng, Lu Luyuan of Northern Wei, died.
15
丙申，詔魯郡修孔子廟及學舍，蠲墓側五戶課役以供灑掃。
On bingshen, an edict ordered Lu Commandery to restore Confucius's temple and the academy, and exempted five households beside the tomb from corvée to maintain the grounds.
16
李寶遣其弟懷達、子承奉表詣平城； 魏人以寶為都督西垂諸軍事、鎮西大將軍、開府儀同三司、沙州牧、敦煌公，四品以下聽承製假授。
Li Bao sent his brother Huaida and his son Cheng with a memorial to Pingcheng; Northern Wei appointed Bao area commander of the western frontier, Grand General Who Guards the West, grand master with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, governor of Shazhou, and Duke of Dunhuang, with authority to provisionally appoint officials of fourth rank and below.
17
雍州刺史晉安襄侯劉道產卒。 道產善為政，民安其業，小大豐贍，由是民間有《襄陽樂歌》。 山蠻前後不可制者皆出，緣沔為村落，戶口殷盛。 及卒，蠻追送至沔口。 未幾，群蠻大動，征西司馬朱修之討之，不利； 詔建威將軍沈慶之代之，殺虜萬餘人。
Liu Daochan, Marquis Xiang of Jin'an and governor of Yongzhou, died. Daochan governed well; the people were secure in their trades, all prospered, and the people composed the "Xiangyang Songs of Joy." Mountain tribesmen who had long defied control came out and settled in villages along the Han; their numbers swelled. When he died, the tribesmen followed his funeral procession to the mouth of the Han. Soon after, the tribes rose in force; Pacifier of the West aide Zhu Xiuzhi campaigned against them without success; An edict sent General Who Establishes Might Shen Qingzhi to replace him; he killed more than ten thousand of the enemy.
18
魏主使尚書李順差次群臣，賜以爵位； 順受賄，品第不平。 是歲，涼州人徐桀告之，魏主怒，且以順保庇沮渠氏，面欺誤國，賜順死。
The Northern Wei ruler had Minister of the Interior Li Shun rank the ministers and bestow titles of nobility; Shun took bribes and the rankings were unjust. That year Xu Jie of Liangzhou reported him; the Northern Wei ruler was furious, and because Shun had shielded the Juqu clan and deceived the throne to the nation's harm, he was sentenced to death.
19
太祖文皇帝中之中元嘉二十年（ 癸未，公元四四三年）
Emperor Wen of Liu Song, twentieth year of Yuanjia ( guiwei, CE 443)
20
春，正月，魏皮豹子等進擊樂鄉，將軍王奐之等敗沒。 魏軍進至下辯，將軍強玄明等敗死。 二月，胡崇之與魏戰於濁水，崇之為魏所擒，餘眾走還漢中。 將軍姜道祖兵敗，降魏，魏遂取仇池。 楊保熾走。
In spring, the first month, Northern Wei's Pizi and others advanced on Leyang; Generals Wang Huanzhi and others were defeated and killed. The Northern Wei army pushed on to Xiabian; Generals Qiang Xuanming and others were defeated and killed. In the second month, Hu Chongzhi fought Northern Wei at Zhuoshui; Chongzhi was captured and the survivors fled back to Hanzhong. General Jiang Daozu was defeated, surrendered to Northern Wei, and Northern Wei then took Qiuchi. Yang Baochi fled.
21
丙午，魏主如恆山之陽； 三月，庚申，還宮。
On bingwu, the Northern Wei ruler went to the southern face of Mount Heng; In the third month, on gengshen, he returned to the palace.
22
壬戌，烏洛侯國遣使如魏。 初，魏之居北荒也，鑿石為廟，在烏洛侯西北，以祀其先，高七十尺，深九十步。 及烏洛侯使者至魏，言石廟具在，魏主遣中書侍郎李敞詣石廟致祭，刻祝文於壁而還，去平城四千餘里。
On renxu, the state of Wuluohou sent envoys to Northern Wei. Long ago, when Northern Wei still lived in the northern wilds, they carved a stone shrine northwest of Wuluohou to honor their ancestors—seventy feet high and ninety paces deep. When the Wuluohou envoys reached Northern Wei and reported the stone shrine still intact, the Northern Wei ruler sent Secretariat Gentleman Li Chang to sacrifice there, carved a prayer on the wall, and returned—more than four thousand li from Pingcheng.
23
魏河間公齊與武都王楊保宗對鎮雒谷，保宗弟文德說保宗，令閉險自固以叛魏。 或以告齊，夏，四月，齊誘執保宗，送平城，殺之。 前鎮東司符達、征西從事中郎任朏等遂舉兵立楊文德為主，據白崖，分兵取諸戍，進圍仇池，自號征西將軍、秦、河、梁三州牧、仇池公。
Duke Qi of Hejian of Northern Wei and Prince Bao of Wudu Yang Baozong faced each other at Luogu; Baozong's brother Wendé urged him to seal the passes, hold fast, and rebel against Northern Wei. Someone informed Qi; in summer, the fourth month, Qi lured Baozong into custody, sent him to Pingcheng, and had him killed. Former Pacifier of the East aide Fu Da, Pacifier of the West attendant Ren Fei, and others then raised troops, installed Yang Wendé as leader, seized Baiya, took the garrisons, and besieged Qiuchi, styling Wendé General Who Pacifies the West, governor of Qin, He, and Liang, and Duke of Qiuchi.
24
甲午，立皇子誕為廣陵王。
On jiawu, Prince Dan was enfeoffed as Prince of Guangling.
25
丁酉，魏大赦。
On dingyou, Northern Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
26
己亥，魏主如陰山。
On jihai, the Northern Wei ruler went to the Yin Mountains.
27
五月，魏古弼發上邽、高平、岍城諸軍擊楊文德，文德退走。 皮豹子督關中諸軍至下辯，聞仇池解圍，欲還； 弼遣人謂豹子曰：「宋人恥敗，必將復來。 軍還之後，再舉為難，不如練兵蓄力以待之。 不出秋冬，宋師必至； 以逸待勞，無不克矣。」 豹子從之。 魏以豹子為仇池鎮將。
In the fifth month, Northern Wei's Gu Bi mobilized the armies of Shanggui, Gaoping, and Qiancheng against Yang Wendé; Wendé retreated. Pizi, commanding the Guanzhong armies, reached Xiabian; hearing the siege of Qiuchi was lifted, he wanted to withdraw; Bi sent word to Pizi: "The Song are shamed by defeat and will surely return. Once you withdraw, they will trouble us again; better to drill the troops and gather strength and wait. Before autumn and winter are out, Song forces will come; Meet their weariness with rested troops, and you cannot fail." Pizi agreed. Northern Wei made Pizi garrison commander of Qiuchi.
28
楊文德遣使來求援。 秋，七月，癸丑，詔以文德為都督北秦、雍二州諸軍事、征西大將軍、北秦州刺史、武都王。 文德屯葭蘆城，以任朏為左司馬； 武都、陰平氐多歸之。
Yang Wendé sent envoys asking for help. In autumn, the seventh month, on guichou, an edict made Wendé area commander of Northern Qin and Yong, Grand General Who Pacifies the West, governor of Northern Qin, and Prince of Wudu. Wendé encamped at Jialu City and made Ren Fei his left aide; Many Di of Wudu and Yinping rallied to him.
29
甲子，前雍州刺史劉真道、梁、南秦二州刺史裴方明，坐破仇池減匿金寶及善馬，下獄死。
On jiazi, former governor of Yongzhou Liu Zhendao and governor of Liang and Southern Qin Pei Fangming, convicted of concealing gold, jewels, and fine horses after the conquest of Qiuchi, were imprisoned and executed.
30
九月，辛巳，魏主如漠南。 甲辰，捨輜重，以輕騎襲柔然。 分軍為四道：樂安王范、建寧王崇各統十五將出東道，樂平王丕督十五將出西道，魏主出中道，中山王辰督十五將為後繼。
In the ninth month, on xinsi, the Northern Wei ruler went south of the desert. On jiachen, leaving the baggage train behind, he struck the Rouran with light cavalry. He divided the army into four columns: Prince Fan of Le'an and Prince Chong of Jianning each led fifteen generals on the eastern route; Prince Pi of Leping led fifteen generals on the western route; the Northern Wei ruler took the center; and Prince Chen of Zhongshan led fifteen generals in reserve.
31
魏主至鹿渾谷，遇敕連可汗。 太子晃言於魏主曰：「賊不意大軍猝至，宜掩其不備，速進擊之。」 尚書令劉絜固諫，以為賊營中塵盛，其眾必多，出至平地，恐為所圍。 不如須諸軍大集，然後擊之。 晃曰：「塵之盛者，由軍士驚怖擾亂故也，何得營上而有此塵乎！」 魏主疑之，不急擊。 柔然遁去。 追至石水，不及而還。 既而獲柔然候騎曰：「柔然不覺魏軍至，上下惶駭，引眾北走，經六七日，知無追者，始乃徐行。」 魏主深恨之。 自是軍國大事，皆與太子謀之。
The Northern Wei ruler reached Luhun Valley and encountered Khan Chelian. Crown Prince Huang said to the Northern Wei ruler, "The enemy did not expect our main force so soon; we should take them by surprise and strike at once." Minister of the Interior Liu Jie firmly objected, arguing that dust hung thick over the enemy camp and their numbers must be great; on open ground they risked encirclement. Better to wait until all the armies had gathered, then attack. Huang said, "Thick dust means panicked, disorderly troops—how could dust like that hang over their camp!" The Northern Wei ruler hesitated and did not press the attack. The Rouran fled. They pursued as far as Shishui, failed to catch them, and turned back. Later they captured a Rouran scout who said, "The Rouran never noticed the Northern Wei army's arrival; the whole camp panicked and fled north. After six or seven days, seeing no pursuit, they slowed to an easy march." The Northern Wei ruler deeply resented it. Henceforth all major military and state affairs were discussed with the crown prince.
32
司馬楚之別將兵督軍糧，鎮北將軍封沓亡降柔然，說柔然令擊楚之以絕軍食。 俄而軍中有告失驢耳者，諸將莫曉其故。 楚之曰：「此必賊遣奸人入營覘伺，割驢耳以為信耳。 賊至不久，宜急為之備。」 乃伐仰為城，以水灌之，令凍； 城立而柔然至，冰堅滑，不可攻，乃散走。
Sima Chuzhi, on detached duty, supervised army grain; General Who Guards the North Feng Ta defected to the Rouran and urged them to strike Chuzhi and cut off the army's supplies. Soon someone reported missing donkey ears in camp, and none of the generals understood why. Chuzhi said, "The enemy must have sent spies into camp and cut donkey ears as proof of their reconnaissance. They will strike soon—we must prepare at once." They felled trees upright for a wall, flooded it with water, and let it freeze; the wall was ready when the Rouran arrived; the ice was hard and slick, they could not attack, and they scattered.
33
十一月，將軍姜道盛與楊文德合眾二萬攻魏濁水戍，魏皮豹子、河間公齊救之，道盛敗死。
In the eleventh month, General Jiang Daosheng and Yang Wendé combined twenty thousand men to attack the Northern Wei garrison at Zhuoshui; Pizi and Duke Qi of Hejian rescued it, and Daosheng was defeated and killed.
34
甲子，魏主還，至朔方，下詔令皇太子副理萬機，總統百揆。 且曰：「諸功臣勤勞日久，皆當以爵歸第，隨時朝請，饗宴朕前，論道陳謨而已，不宜復煩以劇職； 更舉賢俊以備百官。」 十二月，辛卯，魏主還平城。
On jiazi, the Northern Wei ruler returned to Shuofang and ordered the crown prince to assist in governing all affairs and preside over the hundred officials. He also said, "The meritorious ministers have toiled long; all should retire to their estates with their titles, attend court when required, feast before me, and discuss policy—that is enough; they should not again be burdened with heavy duties; select worthy men anew to fill the hundred offices." In the twelfth month, on xinmao, the Northern Wei ruler returned to Pingcheng.
35
太祖文皇帝中之中元嘉二十一年（ 甲申，公元四四四年）
Emperor Wen of Liu Song, twenty-first year of Yuanjia ( jiashen, CE 444)
36
春，正月，己亥，帝耕藉田，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on jihai, the emperor plowed the sacred field and proclaimed a general amnesty.
37
壬寅，魏太子始總百揆，命侍中、中書監穆壽、司徒崔浩、侍中張黎、古弼輔太子決庶政，上書者皆稱臣，儀與表同。
On renyin, the Northern Wei crown prince began presiding over the hundred officials; he appointed Attendant-in-Ordinary and Director of the Secretariat Mu Shou, Minister of Education Cui Hao, Attendant-in-Ordinary Zhang Li, and Gu Bi to assist him in ordinary governance; all memorialists addressed themselves as subjects, with ceremony matching formal petitions.
38
古弼為人，忠慎質直。 嘗以上谷苑囿太廣，乞減太半以賜貧民，入見魏主，欲奏其事。 帝方與給事中劉樹圍棋，志不在弼。 弼侍坐良久，不獲陳聞。 忽起，手卒樹頭，掣下床，搏其耳，毆其背，曰：「朝廷不治，實爾之罪！」 帝失容，捨棋曰：「不聽奏事，朕之過也，樹何罪！ 置之！」 弼具以狀聞，帝皆可其奏。 弼曰：「為人臣無禮至此，其罪大矣！」 出詣公車，免冠徒跣請罪。 帝召入，謂曰：「吾聞築社之役，蹇蹶而築之，端冕而事之，神降之福。 然則卿有何罪！ 其冠履就職。 苟有可以利社稷、便百姓者，竭力為之，勿顧慮也。」
Gu Bi was loyal, cautious, plain, and upright. Once, finding the Shanggu park and preserves too vast, he petitioned to cut them by more than half for the poor; he came before the Northern Wei ruler to report it. The emperor was playing go with Supervising Secretary Liu Shu and paid Bi no mind. Bi waited in attendance a long time without being heard. Suddenly he rose, grabbed Shu by the head, dragged him from the couch, boxed his ears and beat his back, crying, "The court is ill-governed—and the fault is yours!" The emperor flushed, set the stones aside, and said, "Not hearing reports is my fault—what has Shu done wrong! Let him go!" Bi then reported the matter in full, and the emperor approved it all. Bi said, "For a subject to behave so— the offense is grave!" He went to the imperial carriage office, removed cap and shoes, and begged punishment barefoot. The emperor summoned him and said, "I have heard that in building an altar to the soil god, one builds though lame and crippled, serves in full regalia, and the spirits bestow blessing. What crime have you, then! Put on cap and shoes and resume your post. Whatever can benefit the state and ease the people, do it with all your strength and do not hold back."
39
太子課民稼穡，使無牛者借人牛以耕種，而為之芸田以償之，凡耕種二十二畝而芸七畝，大略以是為率。 使民各標姓名於田首，以知其勤惰，禁飲酒遊戲者。 於是墾田大增。
The crown prince assessed farming: those without oxen borrowed others' oxen to plow and sow, then weeded fields in repayment—roughly seven mu weeded for every twenty-two mu plowed. He had each farmer mark his name at the field's edge to show diligence or sloth, and forbade drinking and gaming. Newly opened fields increased greatly.
40
戊申，魏主詔：「王、公以下至庶人，有私養沙門、巫覡於家者，皆遣詣官曹； 過二月十五日不出，沙門、巫覡死，主人門誅。」 庚戌，又詔：「王、公、卿、大夫之子皆詣太學，其百工、商賈之子，當各習父兄之業，毋得私立學校； 違者，師死，主人門誅。」
On wushen, the Northern Wei ruler decreed, "From kings and dukes down to commoners, anyone keeping Buddhist monks or shamans at home must send them to the official offices; if after the fifteenth of the second month they have not come forth, the monks and shamans die and the household is executed to the gate." On gengxu, he decreed again, "The sons of kings, dukes, ministers, and grandees must attend the Imperial Academy; the sons of artisans and merchants must each follow their fathers' and elder brothers' trades and may not privately establish schools; violators: the teacher dies and the household is executed to the gate."
41
二月，辛未，魏中山王辰、內都坐大官薛辨、尚書奚眷等八將坐擊柔然後期，斬於都南。
In the second month, on xinwei, Northern Wei's Prince Chen of Zhongshan, Chief Palace Provisioner Xue Bian, Minister Xi Juan, and eight other generals were beheaded south of the capital for arriving late against the Rouran.
42
初，魏尚書令劉絜，久典機要，恃寵自專，魏主心惡之。 及將襲柔然，絜諫曰：「蠕蠕遷徙無常，前者出師，勞而無功； 不如廣農積穀以待其來。」 崔浩固勸魏主行，魏主從之。 絜恥其言不用，欲敗魏師； 魏主與諸將期會鹿渾谷，絜矯詔易其期。 帝至鹿渾谷，欲擊柔然，絜諫止之，使待諸將。 帝留鹿渾谷六日，諸將不至，柔然遂遠遁，追之不及。 軍還，經漠中，糧盡，士卒多死。 絜陰使人驚魏軍，勸帝委軍輕還，帝不從。 絜以軍出無功，請治崔浩之罪。 帝曰：「諸將失期，遇賊不擊，浩何罪也！」 浩以絜矯詔事白帝，帝至五原，收絜，囚之。 帝之北行也，絜私謂所親曰：「若車駕不返，吾當立樂平王。」 絜聞尚書右丞張嵩家有圖讖，問曰：「劉氏應王，繼國家後，吾有姓名否？ 嵩曰：「有姓無名。」 帝聞之，命有司窮冶，索嵩家，得讖書。 事連南康公鍬鄰，絜、嵩、鄰皆夷三族，死者百餘人。 絜在勢要，好作威福，諸將破敵，所得財物皆與分之。 既死，籍其家，財巨萬。 帝每言之，則切齒。
Earlier, Northern Wei's Minister of the Interior Liu Jie had long controlled vital affairs, relied on favor and acted arbitrarily, and the Northern Wei ruler inwardly hated him. When about to raid the Rouran, Jie remonstrated, "The Ruru roam without fixed abode; the last campaign was toilsome and fruitless; better to expand farming and store grain and wait for them to come." Cui Hao firmly urged the Northern Wei ruler to go, and he agreed. Jie was shamed that his advice was ignored and sought to ruin the Northern Wei army; the Northern Wei ruler had fixed a rendezvous with his generals at Luhun Valley, and Jie forged an edict changing the date. The emperor reached Luhun Valley and wished to attack the Rouran; Jie remonstrated and stopped him, making him wait for the generals. The emperor waited at Luhun Valley six days; the generals never came; the Rouran fled far away and could not be caught. Returning through the desert, grain ran out and many soldiers died. Jie secretly spread alarm in the army and urged the emperor to abandon the troops and return lightly; the emperor refused. Jie, because the campaign had failed, demanded that Cui Hao be punished. The emperor said, "The generals missed the rendezvous and failed to strike—what crime has Hao committed!" Hao reported Jie's forgery to the emperor; at Wuyuan the emperor seized Jie and imprisoned him. When the emperor marched north, Jie privately told confidants, "If the emperor does not return, I shall establish the Prince of Leping." Jie heard that Vice Director of the Secretariat Zhang Song possessed prognostic charts and asked, "The Liu clan is destined to rule and succeed the state—is my name among them? Song said, "There is surname but no given name." The emperor heard and ordered a full investigation; searching Song's house, they found the prognostic book. The affair implicated Duke Qiao of Nankang, Qiao Lin; Jie, Song, and Lin were all exterminated to the third degree of kinship—more than a hundred dead. Jie, in power, loved to wield authority; generals who defeated the enemy shared the spoils with him. After his death, his household was inventoried—wealth in the tens of thousands. Whenever the emperor spoke of him, he ground his teeth.
43
癸酉，樂平戾王丕以憂卒。 初，魏主築白台，高二百餘尺。 丕夢登其上，四顧不見人，命術士董道秀筮之，道秀曰：「大吉。」 丕默有喜色。 及丕卒，道秀亦坐棄市。 高允聞之，曰：「夫筮者皆當依附爻象，勸以忠孝。 王之問道秀也，道秀宜曰：「窮高為亢。 《易》曰：「亢龍有悔。」 又曰：「高而無民。」 皆不祥也，王不可以不戒。』 如此，則王安於上，身全於下矣。 道秀反之，宜其死也。
On guiyou, Prince Li of Leping, Pi, died of grief. Earlier, the Northern Wei ruler had built the White Tower, more than two hundred feet high. Pi dreamed of climbing it, looked all around and saw no one, and ordered the diviner Dong Daoxiu to cast the hexagrams; Daoxiu said, "Great good fortune." Pi silently looked pleased. When Pi died, Daoxiu was also executed in the marketplace. Gao Yun heard and said, "Diviners should rely on the lines and images and counsel loyalty and filial piety. When the prince questioned Daoxiu, Daoxiu should have said, "Extreme height becomes excess. 《Classic of Changes》 says, "The dragon at the peak has regret." It also says, "High yet without people." All are inauspicious; the prince cannot fail to take warning.' Thus the prince would be secure above and preserve himself below. Daoxiu did the opposite—small wonder he died."
44
庚辰，魏主幸廬。
On gengchen, the Northern Wei ruler visited the lodge.
45
己丑，江夏王義恭進位太尉，領司徒。
On jichou, Prince Gong of Jiangxia, Yigong, was promoted to Grand Commandant and concurrently Minister of Education.
46
庚寅，以侍中、領右衛將軍沈演之為中領軍，左衛將軍范曄為太子詹事。
On gengyin, Attendant-in-Ordinary and Commander of the Right Guard Shen Yanzhi was made Commander of the Central Guard, and Commander of the Left Guard Fan Ye was made Supervisor of the Heir Apparent's Household.
47
辛卯，立皇子宏為建平王。
On xinmao, Prince Hong was enfeoffed as Prince of Jianping.
48
三月，甲辰，魏主還宮。
In the third month, on jiachen, the Northern Wei ruler returned to the palace.
49
癸丑，魏主遣司空長孫道生鎮統萬。
On guichou, the Northern Wei ruler sent Minister of Works Changsun Daosheng to garrison Tongwan.
50
夏，四月，乙亥，魏侍中、太宰、陽平王杜超為帳下所殺。
In summer, the fourth month, on yihai, Northern Wei's Attendant-in-Ordinary, Grand Mentor, and Prince of Yangping, Du Chao, was killed by his tent guard.
51
六月，魏北部民殺立義將軍衡陽公莫孤，帥五千餘落北走。 遣兵追擊之，至漠南，殺其渠帥，餘徙冀、相、定三州為營戶。
In the sixth month, people of Northern Wei's northern region killed General Who Establishes Righteousness Duke Mo of Hengyang, Mo Gu, and led more than five thousand households north in flight. Troops pursued them south of the desert, killed their chieftains, and relocated the rest to Ji, Xiang, and Ding as garrison households.
52
吐谷渾王慕利延兄子緯世與魏使者謀降魏，慕利延殺之。 是月，緯世弟叱力延等八人奔魏，魏以叱力延為歸義王。
Weishi, nephew of King Muli Yan of Tuyuhun, plotted with Northern Wei envoys to surrender; Muli Yan killed him. That month, Weishi's younger brother Chil Yan and seven others fled to Northern Wei, which made Chil Yan Prince of Guyi.
53
沮渠無諱卒，弟安周代立。
Juqu Wuhui died; his brother Anzhou succeeded him.
54
魏入中國以來，雖頗用古禮祀天地、宗廟、百神，而猶循其舊俗，所祀胡神甚眾。 崔浩請存合於祀典者五十七所，其餘復重及小神悉罷之。 魏主從之。
Since Northern Wei entered China, though they largely adopted ancient rites for Heaven and Earth, the ancestral temple, and the hundred spirits, they still followed old customs and worshipped many barbarian gods. Cui Hao asked to keep fifty-seven shrines conforming to the sacrificial canon and abolish the rest, duplicate and minor gods alike. The Northern Wei ruler agreed.
55
秋，七月，癸卯，魏東雍州刺史沮渠秉謀反，伏誅。
In autumn, the seventh month, on guimao, Northern Wei's governor of Eastern Yongzhou, Juqu Bing, plotted rebellion and was executed.
56
八月，乙丑，魏主畋於河西，尚書令古弼留守。 詔以肥馬給獵騎，弼悉以弱者給之。 帝大怒曰：「筆頭奴敢裁量朕！ 朕還台，先斬此奴！」 弼頭銳，故帝常以筆目之。 弼官屬惶怖，恐並坐誅。 弼曰：「吾為人臣，不使人主盤於游畋，其罪小； 不備不虞，乏軍國之用，其罪大。 今蠕蠕方強，南寇未滅，吾以肥馬供軍，弱馬供獵，為國遠慮，雖死何傷！ 且吾自為之，非諸君之憂也。」 帝聞之，歎曰：「有臣如此，國之寶也！」 賜衣一襲，馬二匹，鹿十頭。
In the eighth month, on yichou, the Northern Wei ruler hunted west of the river; Minister of the Interior Gu Bi remained on guard. An edict ordered fat horses for the hunting cavalry; Bi gave them all weak ones. The emperor raged: "The brush-headed slave dares to judge me! When I return to court, I shall behead this slave first!" Bi's head was pointed, so the emperor often called him a brush. Bi's staff were terrified, fearing they would be executed with him. Bi said, "As a subject, failing to keep the ruler from indulging in the hunt is a small offense; failing to prepare against the unexpected and leaving army and state wanting is a grave offense. The Ruru are strong and southern enemies remain; I give fat horses to the army and weak ones to the hunt—for the state's long-term good, what harm if I die! Moreover I did this myself—it is not your concern." The emperor heard and sighed, "With such a minister, the state is blessed!" He granted a suit of clothes, two horses, and ten deer.
57
它日，魏主復畋於山北，獲麋鹿數千頭。 詔尚書發牛車五百乘以運之。 詔使已去，魏主謂左右曰：「筆公必不與我，汝輩不如自以馬運之。」 遂還。 行百餘里，得弼表曰：「今秋谷懸黃，麻菽布野，豬鹿竊食； 鳥雁侵費，風雨所耗，朝夕三倍。 乞賜矜緩，使得收載。」 帝曰：「果如吾言，筆公可謂社稷之臣矣！」
Another day the Northern Wei ruler hunted north of the mountains again and took several thousand elk. He ordered the Secretariat to dispatch five hundred ox-carts to haul them. After the messenger left, the Northern Wei ruler told his attendants, "Brush-head will surely refuse—you had better haul them yourselves by horse." He then returned. After traveling more than a hundred li, he received Bi's memorial: "Autumn grain hangs ripe, hemp and beans cover the fields, and boars and deer steal the crop; birds and wild geese consume it, wind and rain waste it—the loss triples day by day. I beg compassion and delay so the harvest may be gathered in." The emperor said, "Just as I said—Brush-head is truly a pillar of the state!"
58
魏主使員外散騎常侍高濟來聘。
The Northern Wei ruler sent Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier Gao Ji on a friendly mission.
59
戊辰，以荊州刺史衡陽王義季為征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、南袞州刺史，以南譙王義宣為荊州刺史。 初，帝以義宣不才，故不用； 會稽公主屢以為言，帝不得已用之。 先賜中詔敕之曰：「師護以在西久，比表求還，今欲聽許，以汝代之。 師護雖無殊績，潔己節用，通懷期物，不恣群下，聲著西土，為士庶所安，論者乃未議遷之。 今之回換，更為汝與師護年時一輩，欲各試其能。 汝往，脫有一事減之者，既於西夏交有巨礙，遷代之譏，必歸責於吾矣。 此事亦易勉耳，無為使人復生評論也！」 義宣至鎮，勤自課厲，事亦修理。
On wuchen, Prince Ji of Hengyang, Yiji, governor of Jingzhou, was made Grand General Who Campaigns North, grand master with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and governor of Southern Yanzhou; Prince Xuan of Nanqiao, Yixuan, was made governor of Jingzhou. Earlier the emperor, deeming Yixuan untalented, had not used him; the Princess of Kuaiji repeatedly pleaded for him, and the emperor, having no choice, employed him. First he sent a secret edict: "Shihu has been in the west long; he recently asked to return, and I now wish to grant it and replace him with you. Shihu, though without special achievements, keeps himself pure and frugal, is broad-minded and demanding of others, does not indulge his subordinates, and is trusted in the west; critics had not yet discussed replacing him. This rotation is also because you and Shihu are of the same generation; I wish to test each of you. If you go and fall short in even one matter, it will greatly harm the western frontier, and blame for the transfer will fall on me. This is easy to strive for—do not give people fresh cause for criticism!" When Yixuan reached his post, he applied himself diligently and affairs were well ordered.
60
庚辰，會稽長公主卒。
On gengchen, the Senior Princess of Kuaiji died.
61
吐谷渾叱力延等請師於魏以討吐谷渾王慕利延，魏主使晉王伏羅督諸軍擊之。
Chil Yan of Tuyuhun and others asked Northern Wei for troops against King Muli Yan; the Northern Wei ruler sent Prince Fula of Jin to command the armies against him.
62
九月，甲辰，以沮渠安周為都督涼、河、沙三州諸軍事、涼州刺史、河西王。
In the ninth month, on jiachen, Juqu Anzhou was made area commander of Liang, He, and Sha, governor of Liangzhou, and Prince of Hexi.
63
丁未，魏主如漠南，將襲柔然，柔然敕連可汗遠遁，乃止。 敕連尋卒，子吐賀真立，號處羅可汗。
On dingwei, the Northern Wei ruler went south of the desert to raid the Rouran; Khan Chelian fled far away, and he stopped. Chelian soon died; his son Tuhu Zhen succeeded as Khan Chuluo.
64
魏晉王伏羅至樂都，引兵從間道襲吐谷渾，至大母橋。 吐谷渾王慕利延大驚，逃奔白蘭，慕利延兄子拾寅奔河西； 魏軍斬首五千餘級，慕利延從弟伏念等帥萬三千落降於魏。
Northern Wei's Prince Fula of Jin reached Ledu, led troops by a hidden route against Tuyuhun, and reached Damu Bridge. King Muli Yan of Tuyuhun was greatly alarmed and fled to Bailan; his nephew Shiyin fled to Hexi; the Northern Wei army took more than five thousand heads; Muli Yan's clansman Funian and others led thirteen thousand households in submission.
65
冬，十月，己卯，以左軍將軍徐瓊為袞州刺史，大將軍參軍申恬為冀州刺史。 徙袞州鎮須昌，冀州鎮歷下，恬，謨之弟也。 十二月，丙戌，魏主還平城。
In winter, the tenth month, on jimao, General of the Left Guard Xu Qiong was made governor of Yanzhou and Grand General aide Shen Tian governor of Jizhou. The Yanzhou garrison moved to Xuchang and the Jizhou garrison to Lixia; Tian was Mo's younger brother. In the twelfth month, on bingxu, the Northern Wei ruler returned to Pingcheng.
66
是歲，沙州牧李竇入朝於魏，魏人留之，以為外都大官。
That year, Governor of Shazhou Li Dou came to court at Northern Wei; they detained him and made him Chief Palace Provisioner of the Outer Court.
67
太子率更令何承天撰《元嘉新歷》，表上之。 以月食之沖知日所在。 又以中星檢之，知堯時冬至日在須女十度，今在斗十七度。 又測景校二至，差三日有餘，知今之南至日應在斗十三四度。 於是更立新法，冬至徙上三日五時，日之所在，移舊四度。 又月有遲疾，前歷合朔，月食不在朔望； 今皆以盈縮定其小餘，以正朔望之曰。 詔付外詳之。 太史令錢樂之等奏：皆如承天所上，唯月有頻三大，頻二小，比舊法殊為乖異，謂宜仍舊。 詔可。
Director of the Directorate of Music He Chengtian compiled the 《Yuanjia New Calendar》 and submitted it in a memorial. From the opposition at lunar eclipse he determined the sun's position. Checking by the culminating stars, he found that at the winter solstice in Yao's time the sun stood at ten degrees of Maiden; now it stands at seventeen degrees of Dipper. Measuring shadows to verify the solstices, he found a discrepancy of more than three days, showing today's summer solstice sun should stand at thirteen or fourteen degrees of Dipper. He then established a new method: the winter solstice moved up three days and five hours, and the sun's position shifted four degrees from the old reckoning. The moon also has fast and slow phases; in the previous calendar, new moons did not align and lunar eclipses did not fall on new or full moon; now all are fixed by expansion and contraction of the fractional remainder to correct the days of new and full moon. An edict ordered it sent out for detailed review. Director of Astronomy Qian Yuezhi and others memorialized: all matched Chengtian's submission except that months frequently had three long periods and two short ones—far different from the old method; they said the old method should remain. The edict approved.
68
太祖文皇帝中之中元嘉二十二年（ 乙酉，公元四四五年）
Emperor Wen of Liu Song, twenty-second year of Yuanjia ( yiyou, CE 445)
69
春，正月，辛卯朔，始行新歷。 初，漢京房以十二律中呂上生黃鐘，不滿九寸，更演為六十律。 錢樂之復演為三百六十律，日當一管。 何承天立議，以為上下相生，三分損益其一，蓋古人簡易之法，猶如古歷周天三百六十五度四分度之一也。 而京房不悟，謬為六十。 乃更設新率，林鐘長六寸一厘，則從中呂還得黃鐘，十二旋宮，聲韻無失。
In spring, the first month, on the xinmao new moon, the new calendar was first put into use. Earlier, Han's Jing Fang, because generating from Zhonglü upward to Huangzhong among the twelve pitch pipes did not reach nine inches, further derived sixty pitch pipes. Qian Yuezhi further derived three hundred sixty pitch pipes, one per day. He Chengtian argued that upper and lower generate each other by adding and subtracting one-third—the ancients' simple method, just as the old calendar's circuit of heaven was three hundred sixty-five and one-quarter degrees. But Jing Fang did not understand and wrongly made sixty. He then established a new ratio: Linzhong six inches and one li long, so that from Zhonglü one returned to Huangzhong; the twelve cyclical modes lost no pitch.
70
壬辰，以武陵王駿為雍州刺史。 帝欲經略關、河，故以駿鎮襄陽。
On renchen, Prince Jun of Wuling was made governor of Yongzhou. The emperor wished to plan for the Guan and He regions and therefore stationed Jun at Xiangyang.
71
魏主使散騎常侍宋愔來聘。
The Northern Wei ruler sent Attendant Cavalier Song Yin on a friendly mission.
72
二月，魏主如上黨，西至吐京，討徙叛胡，出配郡縣。
In the second month, the Northern Wei ruler went to Shangdang, west to Tujing, punished and relocated rebellious Hu, and assigned them to commanderies and counties.
73
甲戌，立皇禕為東海王，昶為義陽王。
On jiaxu, Prince Yi was enfeoffed as Prince of Donghai and Prince Chang as Prince of Yiyang.
74
三月，庚申，魏主還宮。
In the third month, on gengshen, the Northern Wei ruler returned to the palace.
75
魏詔：「諸疑獄皆付中書，以經義量決。」
Northern Wei decreed, "All doubtful criminal cases are to be entrusted to the Secretariat and decided by classical principles."
76
夏，四月，庚戌，魏主遣征西大將軍高涼王那等，擊吐谷渾王慕利延於白蘭，秦州刺史代人封敕文、安遠將軍乙烏頭擊慕利延兄子什歸於枹罕。
In summer, the fourth month, on gengxu, the Northern Wei ruler sent Grand General Who Pacifies the West Prince Na of Gaoliang and others against King Muli Yan of Tuyuhun at Bailan; Governor of Qinzhou Feng Tiwen and General Who Pacifies the Distant Yi Wutou attacked Muli Yan's nephew Shigui at Fuhan.
77
河西之亡也，鄯善人以其地與魏鄰，大懼，曰：「通其使人，知我國虛實，取亡必速。」 乃閉斷道，使者往來，輒抄劫之。 由是西域不通者數年。 魏主使散騎常侍萬度歸發涼州以西兵擊鄯善。
When Hexi fell, the people of Shanshan, bordering Northern Wei, were greatly afraid and said, "If we let their envoys pass, they will learn our strength and weakness and destroy us quickly." They closed the road and robbed envoys whenever they passed. Hence the Western Regions were cut off for several years. The Northern Wei ruler sent Attendant Cavalier Wan Du Gui to mobilize troops west of Liangzhou against Shanshan.
78
六月，壬辰，魏主北巡。
In the sixth month, on renchen, the Northern Wei ruler toured the north.
79
帝謀伐魏，罷南豫州入豫州。 辛亥，以南豫州刺史南平王鑠為豫州刺史。
The emperor planned to campaign against Northern Wei and abolished Southern Yuzhou, merging it into Yuzhou. On xinhai, Prince Shuo of Nanping, governor of Southern Yuzhou, was made governor of Yuzhou.
80
秋，七月，己未，以尚書僕射孟顗為左僕射，中護軍何尚之為右僕射。
In autumn, the seventh month, on jiwei, Vice Director of the Secretariat Meng Kai was made Left Vice Director and Commander of the Central Guard He Shangzhi Right Vice Director.
81
武陵王駿將之鎮，時緣沔諸蠻猶為寇，水陸梗礙； 駿分軍遣撫軍中兵參軍沈慶之掩擊，大破之。 駿至鎮，蠻斷驛道，欲攻隨郡； 隨郡太守河東柳元景募得六七百人，邀擊，大破之。 遂平諸蠻，獲七萬餘口。 溳山蠻最強，沈慶之討平之，獲三萬餘口，徙萬餘口於建康。
When Prince Jun of Wuling was about to take his post, tribes along the Han still raided and land and water routes were blocked; Jun divided his army and sent Pacifier of the Army Central Command aide Shen Qingzhi in a surprise attack and routed them. When Jun reached his post, the tribes cut the courier road and tried to attack Sui Commandery; Grand Administrator of Sui Commandery Liu Yuanjing of Hedong recruited six or seven hundred men, intercepted them, and routed them. He then pacified the tribes and took more than seventy thousand captives. The Yunshan tribes were strongest; Shen Qingzhi campaigned and pacified them, taking more than thirty thousand captives and relocating more than ten thousand to Jiankang.
82
吐谷渾什歸聞魏軍將至，棄城夜遁。 八月，丁亥，封敕文入枹罕，分徙其民千家還上邽，留乙烏頭守枹罕。
Shigui of Tuyuhun, hearing the Northern Wei army was coming, abandoned the city and fled by night. In the eighth month, on dinghai, Feng Tiwen entered Fuhan, relocated a thousand households back to Shanggui, and left Wutou to guard Fuhan.
83
萬度歸至敦煌，留輜重，以輕騎五千度流沙，襲鄯善。 壬辰，鄯善王真達面縛出降。 度歸留軍屯守，與真達詣平城，西域復通。
Wan Du Gui reached Dunhuang, left the baggage train, and with five thousand light cavalry crossed the shifting sands against Shanshan. On renchen, King Zhenda of Shanshan came out bound and surrendered. Du Gui left troops to garrison, went with Zhenda to Pingcheng, and the Western Regions were open again.
84
魏主如陰山之北，發諸州兵三分之一，各於其州戒嚴，以須後命。 徙諸種雜民五千餘家於北邊，令就北畜牧，以餌柔然。
The Northern Wei ruler went north of the Yin Mountains, mobilized one-third of each province's troops, and had each province stand on alert awaiting orders. More than five thousand households of various mixed peoples were relocated to the northern frontier to pasture livestock as bait for the Rouran.
85
壬寅，魏高涼王那軍至寧頭城，吐谷渾王慕利延擁其部落西度流沙。 吐谷渾慕瑰之子被囊逆戰，那擊破之； 被囊遁走，中山公杜豐帥精騎追之，度三危，至雪山，生擒被囊及吐谷渾什歸、乞伏熾磐之子成龍，皆送平城。 慕利延遂西入于闐，殺其王，據其地，死者數萬人。
On renyin, the army of Northern Wei's Prince Na of Gaoliang reached Ningtou City; King Muli Yan of Tuyuhun led his tribes west across the shifting sands. Mugui's son Beinang of Tuyuhun fought back; Na routed him; Beinang fled; Duke Du of Zhongshan Du Feng led elite cavalry in pursuit, crossed Sanwei to Snow Mountain, and captured Beinang alive with Shigui of Tuyuhun and Qifu Chipan's son Chenglong—all sent to Pingcheng. Muli Yan then went west into Khotan, killed its king, seized the land, and tens of thousands died.
86
九月，癸酉，上餞衡陽王義季於武帳岡。 上將行，敕諸子且勿食，至會所設饌； 日旰，不至，有饑色。 上乃謂曰：「汝曹少長豐佚，不見百姓艱難。 今使汝曹識有饑苦，知以節儉御物耳。」
In the ninth month, on guiyou, the emperor saw off Prince Ji of Hengyang, Yiji, at Wuzhang Hill. As the emperor was about to depart, he ordered his sons not to eat yet and to wait for the feast at the meeting place; the sun set and he did not arrive; they showed hunger. The emperor then said, "You have grown up in abundance and have not seen the people's hardship. Now I make you know hunger so you may learn to govern with frugality."
87
裴子野論曰：善乎太祖之訓也！ 夫侈興於有餘，儉生於不足。 欲其隱約，莫若貧賤。 習其險限，利以任使； 達其情偽，易以躬臨。 太祖若能率此訓也，難其志操，卑其禮秩，教成德立，然後授以政事，則無怠無荒，可播之於九服矣。
Pei Ziye's commentary says: How excellent is the Great Ancestor's instruction! Extravagance arises from surplus; frugality arises from insufficiency. If one wishes them restrained and modest, nothing beats poverty and low station. Accustom them to hardship and danger, and they serve well; understand their true feelings, and personal oversight comes easily. If the Great Ancestor had followed this instruction—testing resolve, lowering rank, teaching until virtue stood firm, and only then entrusting governance—they would have ruled without slackness or neglect, and the lesson could have spread through the nine domains.
88
高祖思固本枝，崇樹襁褓； 後世遵守，迭據方岳。 及乎泰始之初，升明之季，絕咽於衾衽者動數十人。 國之存亡，既不是系，早肆民上，非善誨也。
Emperor Gao sought to strengthen the imperial branches and exalted princes still in swaddling clothes; later generations followed suit, and princes in succession held territorial commands. By the beginning of Taishi and the end of Shengming, dozens had their throats cut in their beds. Since the state's survival no longer depended on them, setting them above the people so early was poor instruction.
89
魏民間訛言「滅魏者吳」，盧水胡蓋吳聚眾反於杏城，諸種胡爭應之，有眾十餘萬，遣其黨趙綰來上表自歸。 冬，十月，戊子，長安鎮副將拓跋紇帥眾討吳，紇敗死。 吳眾愈盛，民皆渡渭，奔南山。 魏主發高平敕勒騎赴長安，命將軍叔孫拔領攝並、秦、雍三州兵屯渭北。
Among the people of Northern Wei a rumor spread that "Wu will destroy Wei"; Lu River Hu chieftain Gai Wu gathered followers and rebelled at Xingcheng, various Hu tribes rallied to him until his force exceeded one hundred thousand, and he sent his follower Zhao Wan with a memorial of submission. In winter, the tenth month, on wuzi, Deputy Garrison Commander of Chang'an Tuoba He led troops against Wu and was defeated and killed. Wu's forces grew stronger; the people crossed the Wei River and fled to the southern mountains. The Northern Wei ruler mobilized Gaoping Chile cavalry for Chang'an and ordered General Shusun Ba to command the troops of Bing, Qin, and Yong and encamp north of the Wei River.
90
十一月，魏發冀州民造浮橋於碻磝津。
In the eleventh month, Northern Wei mobilized the people of Jizhou to build a pontoon bridge at Que'ao Ford.
91
蓋吳遣別部帥白廣平西掠新平，安定諸胡皆聚眾應之。 又分兵東掠臨晉巴東，將軍章直擊破之，溺死於河者三萬餘人。 吳又遣兵西掠至長安，將軍叔孫拔與戰於渭北，大破之，斬首三萬餘級。
Gai Wu sent detached commander Bai Guang west to raid Xinping; the various Hu of Anding all rallied to him. He also sent forces east to raid Linjin and Badong; General Zhang Zhi routed them and more than thirty thousand drowned in the river. Wu again sent troops west as far as Chang'an; General Shusun Ba fought them north of the Wei River, routed them, and took more than thirty thousand heads.
92
河東蜀薛永完聚眾以應吳，襲擊聞喜。 聞喜縣無兵仗，令憂惶無計； 縣人裴駿帥厲鄉豪擊之，永宗引去。
Xue Yongwan of the Shu of Hedong gathered followers to join Wu and raided Wenxi. Wenxi County had no arms; the magistrate was anxious and at a loss; Pei Jun of the county rallied the local worthies and attacked; Yongzong withdrew.
93
魏主命薛謹之子拔糾合宗、鄉，壁於河際，以斷二寇往來之路。 庚午，魏主使殿中尚書拓跋處直等將二萬騎討薛永宗，殿中尚書乙拔將三萬騎討蓋吳，西平公寇提將萬騎討白廣平。 吳自號天台王，署置百官。
The Northern Wei ruler ordered Xue Jin's son Ba to rally clans and villages, fortify on the river bank, and cut the two rebels' line of communication. On gengwu, the Northern Wei ruler sent Palace Director Tuoba Chuzhi with twenty thousand cavalry against Xue Yongzong, Palace Director Yiba with thirty thousand against Gai Wu, and Duke Ti of Xiping Kou with ten thousand against Bai Guang. Wu styled himself King of Tiantai and appointed officials.
94
辛未，魏主還宮。
On xinwei, the Northern Wei ruler returned to the palace.
95
魏選六州驍騎二萬，使永昌王仁、高涼王那分將之，為二道，掠淮、泗以北，徙青、徐之民以實河北。
Northern Wei selected twenty thousand elite cavalry from six provinces and had Prince Ren of Yongchang and Prince Na of Gaoliang lead them in two columns to raid north of the Huai and Si and relocate the people of Qing and Xu to fill out Hebei.
96
癸未，魏主西巡。
On guiwei, the Northern Wei ruler toured the west.
97
初，魯國孔熙先博學文史，兼通數術，有縱橫才志； 為員外散騎侍郎，不為時所知，憤憤不得志。 父默之為廣州刺史，以贓獲罪，大將軍彭城王義康為救解，得免。 及義康遷豫章，熙先密懷報效。 且以為天文、圖讖，帝必以非道晏駕，由骨肉相殘，江州應出天子。 以范曄志意不滿，欲引與同謀，而熙先素不為曄所重。 太子中舍人謝綜，曄之甥也，熙先傾身事之。 綜引熙先與曄相識。
Earlier, Kong Xixian of Lu was broadly learned in literature and history and versed in numerology, with talent and ambition for bold stratagems; he was Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier but unrecognized by his age and chafed in frustrated ambition. His father Mozhi, governor of Guangzhou, was convicted of embezzlement; Grand General Prince Kang of Pengcheng, Yikang, secured his release. When Yikang was transferred to Yuzhang, Xixian secretly resolved to repay the debt. He also believed from astronomy and prognostic charts that the emperor would die unnaturally, and through mutual slaughter among kin a Son of Heaven would arise from Jiangzhou. Because Fan Ye was dissatisfied, he wished to draw him into the plot, but Xixian had never been highly regarded by Ye. Heir Apparent Household Aide Xie Zong was Ye's nephew; Xixian devoted himself to Zong. Zong introduced Xixian to Ye.
98
熙先家饒於財，數與曄博，故為拙行，以物輸之。 曄既利其財，又愛其文藝，由是情好款洽。 熙先乃從容說曄曰：「大將軍英斷聰敏，人神攸屬，失職南垂，天下憤怨。 小人受先君遺命，以死報大將軍之德。 頃人情騷動，天文舛錯，此所謂時運之至，不可推移者也。 若順天人之心，結英豪之士，表裡相應，發於肘腋，然後誅除異我，崇奉明聖，號令天下，誰敢不從！ 小人請以七尺之軀，三寸之舌，立功立事而歸諸君子，太人以為何如？」 曄甚愕然。 熙先曰：「昔毛玠竭節於魏武，張溫畢議於孫權，彼二人者，皆國之俊乂，豈言行玷缺，然後至於禍辱哉！ 皆以廉直勁正，不得久容。 丈人之於本朝，不深於二主，人間雅譽，過於兩臣，讒夫側目，為日久矣，比肩競逐，庸可遂乎！ 近者殷鐵一言而劉班碎首，彼豈父兄之仇，百世之怨乎？ 所爭不過榮名勢利先後之間耳。 及其末也，唯恐陷之不深，發之不早； 戮及百口，猶曰未厭。 是可為寒心悼懼，豈書籍遠事也哉！ 今建大勳，奉賢哲，圖難地易，以安易危，享厚利，收鴻名，一旦包舉而有之，豈可棄置而不取哉！」 曄猶疑未決。 熙先曰：「又有過於此者，愚則未敢道耳。」 曄曰：「何謂也？」 熙先曰：「丈人弈葉清通，而不得連姻帝室，人以犬豕及相遇，而丈人曾不恥之，欲為之死，不亦惑乎！」 曄門無內行，故熙先以此激之。 曄默然不應，反意乃決。
Xixian's household was wealthy; he often gambled with Ye and deliberately played poorly, losing goods to him. Ye, profiting from his wealth and loving his literary talent, grew warm and intimate with him. Xixian then calmly said to Ye, "The Grand General is heroic, decisive, and keen-witted; men and spirits alike look to him. Deposed to the southern frontier, the realm is angry and resentful. I received my late father's charge to repay the Grand General's kindness with my life. Lately popular sentiment is unsettled and the heavens are out of order—this is the turning of the times, which cannot be shifted. If we follow Heaven and men's hearts, unite heroes, act inside and out in concert, strike from close at hand, purge our enemies, exalt the wise, and command the realm—who would dare not follow! I ask to use this body and tongue to establish merit and leave the credit to you gentlemen—what do you think?" Ye was greatly startled. Xixian said, "Long ago Mao Jie gave his utmost to Cao Cao and Zhang Wen spoke his mind to Sun Quan—both were outstanding men of state; did they reach ruin only after flaws in word and deed! Both were honest, upright, and firm and could not long be tolerated. Your standing in this court is no less than those two lords'; your reputation surpasses both ministers; slanderers have eyed you askance for long—shoulder to shoulder in rivalry, how could it end well! Lately Yin Tie spoke one word and Liu Ban's head was shattered—was that feud between fathers and brothers, hatred of a hundred generations? What was contested was nothing but the order of glory, fame, and profit. In the end they only feared not trapping you deep enough or striking not soon enough; slaughter reaching a hundred mouths, they still said it was not enough. This is enough to chill the heart with dread—is it some distant tale from books! Now to establish great merit, serve the wise, plan difficulty from ease, exchange safety for danger, enjoy rich profit and gather great fame—all in one grasp—how can you cast it aside!" Ye still hesitated. Xixian said, "There is something beyond even this that I dare not speak." Ye said, "What is it?" Xixian said, "Your lineage is pure and distinguished through generations, yet you could not marry into the imperial house; men treat you like dogs and swine, and you never felt shame—yet you wish to die for them—is that not deluded!" Ye's household lacked proper conduct within, and so Xixian provoked him with this. Ye was silent; his mind turned and the decision was made.
99
曄與沈演之並為帝所知，曄先至，必待演之俱入，演之先至，嘗獨被引，曄以此為怨。 曄累經義康府佐，中間獲罪於義康。 謝綜及父述，皆為義康所厚，綜弟約聚義康女。 綜為義康記室參軍，自豫章還，申義康意於曄，求解晚隙，復敦往好。 大將軍府史仲承祖，有寵於義康，聞熙先有謀，密相結納。 丹陽尹徐湛之，素為義康所愛，承祖因此結事湛之，告以密計。 道人法略、尼法靜，皆感義康舊恩，並與熙先往來。 法靜妹夫許曜，領隊在台，許為內應。 法靜之豫章，熙先付以箋書，陳說圖讖。 於是密相署置，及素所不善者，並入死目。 熙先又使弟休先作檄文，稱：「賊臣趙伯符肆兵犯蹕，禍流儲宰。 湛之、曄等投命奮戈，即日斬伯符首及其黨與。 今遣護軍將軍臧質奉璽綬迎彭城王正位辰極。」 熙先以為舉大事宜須以義康之旨諭眾，曄又詐作義康與湛之書，令誅君側之惡，宣示同黨。
Ye and Shen Yanzhi were both known to the emperor; if Ye arrived first he always waited for Yanzhi to enter together; if Yanzhi arrived first he was sometimes summoned alone—Ye resented this. Ye had repeatedly served in Yikang's household and had once offended him. Xie Zong and his father Shu were both favored by Yikang; Zong's brother Yue married Yikang's daughter. Zong was Yikang's secretariat aide; returning from Yuzhang he conveyed Yikang's intent to Ye, seeking to resolve past grievances and restore warm relations. Grand General's household clerk Zhong Chengzu, favored by Yikang, heard of Xixian's plot and secretly joined him. Metropolitan Magistrate of Danyang Xu Zhanzhi had long been loved by Yikang; Chengzu therefore attached himself to Zhanzhi and told him the secret plan. The Daoist Falüe and nun Fajing, both moved by Yikang's old kindness, also associated with Xixian. Fajing's brother-in-law Xu Yao commanded a guard unit at court and was pledged as inside contact. When Fajing went to Yuzhang, Xixian entrusted her with letters explaining the prognostic charts. Thereupon they secretly appointed one another, and those they had long disliked were all entered on the death list. Xixian also had his brother Xiuxian compose a proclamation: "The traitor minister Zhao Bofu rashly raised arms against the imperial procession, and disaster reached the heir apparent. Zhanzhi, Ye, and others pledged their lives and seized weapons; that very day they beheaded Bofu and his followers. Now we send General Who Protects the Army Zang Zhi bearing the seal and cord to welcome the Prince of Pengcheng to the throne." Xixian thought a great undertaking required Yikang's authority to instruct the masses; Ye also forged a letter from Yikang to Zhanzhi ordering the execution of evil at the ruler's side, and showed it to the co-conspirators.
100
帝之燕武帳岡也，曄等謀以其日作亂。 許曜侍帝，扣刀目曄，曄不敢仰視。 俄而座散，徐湛之恐事不濟，密以其謀白帝。 帝使湛之具探取本末，得其檄書，選署姓名，上之。 帝乃命有司收掩窮治。 其夜，呼曄置客省，先於外收綜及熙先兄弟，皆款服。 帝遣使詰問曄，曄猶隱拒； 熙先聞之，笑曰：「凡處分、符檄、書疏，皆范所造，雲何於今方作如此抵蹋邪？」 帝以曄墨跡示之，乃具陳本末。
When the emperor feasted at Wuzhang Hill, Ye and the others plotted to rebel that day. Xu Yao attended the emperor, hand on his sword, eyes on Ye; Ye dared not look up. Soon the gathering dispersed; Xu Zhanzhi, fearing failure, secretly reported the plot to the emperor. The emperor had Zhanzhi fully investigate, obtained the proclamation and the list of appointments and names, and submitted them. The emperor then ordered officials to seize, investigate, and prosecute to the full. That night he summoned Ye to the guest quarters; outside, Zong and Xixian's brothers were first seized, and all confessed. The emperor sent someone to interrogate Ye; Ye still denied everything; Xixian heard and laughed: "All orders, proclamations, and letters were Fan's work—why such evasion only now?" The emperor showed Ye his own handwriting, and he then confessed everything.
101
明日，仗士送付廷尉。 熙先望風吐款，辭氣不橈。 上奇其才，遣人慰勉之曰：「以卿之才而滯於集書省，理應有異志，此乃我負卿也。」 又責前吏部尚書何尚之曰：「使孔熙先年將三十作散騎郎，那不作賊！」 熙先於獄中上書謝恩，且陳圖讖，深戒上以骨肉之禍，曰：「願且勿遺棄，存之中書。 若囚死之後，或可追錄，庶九泉之下，少塞釁責。」
The next day armed guards sent them to the Minister of Justice. Xixian, seeing which way the wind blew, confessed fully; his words and bearing did not bend. The emperor marveled at his talent and sent someone to comfort him: "With your talent stuck in the Secretariat Archive, different ambitions were only natural—this is my failing toward you." He also rebuked former Minister of Personnel He Shangzhi: "If Kong Xixian at nearly thirty had been made Attendant Cavalier, he would never have rebelled!" From prison Xixian submitted a memorial thanking for kindness and set forth the prognostic charts, deeply warning the emperor about kin slaughter: "I beg that it not be discarded but kept in the Secretariat. If after I die in custody it can someday be recorded, perhaps in the grave my guilt may be somewhat assuaged."
102
曄在獄，為詩曰：「雖無嵇生琴，庶同夏侯色。」 曄本意謂入獄即死，而上窮治其獄，遂經二旬，曄更有生望。 獄吏戲之曰：「外傳詹事或當長系。」 曄聞之，驚喜。 綜、熙先笑之曰：「詹事疇昔攘袂瞋目，躍馬顧盼，自以為一世之雄； 今擾攘紛紜，畏死乃爾！ 設令賜以性命，人臣圖主，何顏可以生存！」
Ye in prison composed a poem: "Though I lack Ji Kang's zither, I hope to match Xiahou's composure." Ye had expected prison meant immediate death, but the emperor prosecuted the case fully and twenty days passed; Ye again hoped to live. The prison clerk joked: "Outside they say the Supervisor of the Heir Apparent's Household may be held long-term." Ye heard this and was startled and pleased. Zong and Xixian laughed: "The Supervisor once rolled up his sleeves, glared, leaped on his horse and looked about, thinking himself a hero of the age; now in such turmoil, he fears death like this! Even if life were granted, having plotted against one's lord—what face could allow survival!"
103
十二月，乙未，曄、綜、熙先及其子弟、黨與皆伏誅。 曄母至市，涕泣責曄，以手擊曄頸，曄色不怍； 妹及妓妾來別，曄悲涕流漣。 綜曰：「舅殊不及夏侯色。」 曄收淚而止。
In the twelfth month, on yiwei, Ye, Zong, Xixian, and their sons, brothers, and co-conspirators were all executed. Ye's mother came to the marketplace, wept and reproached him, struck his neck; Ye's expression did not change; his sister and concubines came to bid farewell; Ye wept bitterly. Zong said, "Uncle falls far short of Xiahou's composure." Ye checked his tears and stopped.
104
謝約不預逆謀，見兄綜與熙先游，常諫之曰：「此人輕事好奇，不近於道，果銳無檢，未可與狎。」 綜不從而敗。 綜母以子弟自蹈逆亂，獨不出視。 曄語綜曰：「姊今不來，勝人多矣。」
Xie Yue did not participate in the plot; seeing his brother Zong associating with Xixian, he often remonstrated: "This man treats affairs lightly and loves novelty, is not close to the Way, is sharp and unrestrained—not someone to be intimate with." Zong did not listen and was ruined. Zong's mother, because her sons had brought themselves into treason, alone did not come out to see them. Ye said to Zong, "Your sister not coming now puts her above most people."
105
收籍曄家，樂器服玩並皆珍麗，妓妾不勝珠翠。 母居止單陋，唯有一廚盛樵薪； 弟子冬無被，叔父單布籍。
Ye's household was inventoried; musical instruments, garments, and playthings were all rare and splendid; concubines were laden with pearls and jade. His mother lived plainly, with only one kitchen storing firewood; his younger brother had no quilt in winter; his uncle had only a single cloth mat.
106
裴子野論曰：夫有逸群之才，必思沖天之據； 蓋俗之量，則憤常均之下。 其能守之以道，將之以禮，殆為鮮乎！ 劉弘仁、范蔚宗皆忸志而貪權，矜才以徇逆，累葉風素，一朝而隕。 向之所謂智能，翻為亡身之具矣。
Pei Ziye's commentary says: One who surpasses the crowd must think of a foothold reaching the sky; measured by common standards, he chafes beneath the ordinary level. Those who can keep to the Way and restrain themselves with ritual—are they not rare! Liu Hongren and Fan Weizong both twisted their ambition and craved power, flaunted talent to pursue rebellion, and families of generations of integrity fell in a single morning. What was called intelligence became instead the means of their own destruction.
107
徐湛之所陳多不盡，為曄等辭所連引，上赦不問。 臧質，熹之子也，先為徐、袞二州刺史，與曄厚善； 曄敗，以為義興太守。
Much of what Xu Zhanzhi stated was incomplete; he was implicated by Ye and the others in their confessions, but the emperor pardoned him. Zang Zhi was Xi's son; he had formerly been governor of Xu and Yan and was close friends with Ye; when Ye fell he was made grand administrator of Yixing.
108
有司奏削彭城王義康爵，收付廷尉治罪。 丁酉，詔免義康及其男女皆為庶人，絕屬籍，徙付安成郡； 以寧朔將軍沈邵為安成相，領兵防守。 邵，璞之兄也。 義康在安成，讀書，見淮南厲王長事，廢書歎曰：「自古有此，我乃不知，得罪為宜也。」
Officials memorialized to strip Prince Kang of Pengcheng, Yikang, of his title and deliver him to the Minister of Justice for punishment. On dingyou, an edict stripped Yikang and his sons and daughters of rank, cut them from the imperial genealogy, and relocated them to Ancheng Commandery; General Who Pacifies the North Shen Shao was made administrator of Ancheng and led troops to guard them. Shao was Pu's elder brother. Yikang in Ancheng was reading and came upon the affair of King Li of Huainan; he set the book aside and sighed, "Since antiquity there has been this—I did not know it; my punishment is fitting."
109
庚戌，以前豫州刺史趙伯符為護軍將軍。 伯符，孝穆皇后之弟子也。
On gengxu, former governor of Yuzhou Zhao Bofu was made General Who Protects the Army. Bofu was a nephew of Empress Xiaomu.
110
初，江左二郊無樂，宗廟雖有登歌，亦無二舞。 是歲，南郊始設登歌。
Earlier, east of the Yangtze the two suburban sacrifices had no music; though the ancestral temple had ascent hymns, it also lacked the two dances. That year, ascent hymns were first established at the southern suburban sacrifice.
111
魏安南、平南府移書袞州，以南國僑置諸州多濫北境名號； 又欲遊獵具區。 袞州答移曰：「必若因土立州，則彼立徐、揚，豈有其地？ 復知欲遊獵具區，觀化南國。 開館飾邸，則有司存； 呼韓入漢，厥儀未泯，饋餼之秩，每存豐厚。」
Northern Wei's Pacifier of the South and Pacifier of the South offices wrote Yanzhou that the southern state's refugee-established provinces largely misused northern frontier place names; they also wished to hunt at Lake Tai. Yanzhou replied, "If one must establish provinces according to the land, then they establish Xu and Yang—do they possess that territory? We also know you wish to hunt at Lake Tai and observe the southern state. Opening lodges and furnishing residences—there are officials for that; when Huhanye entered Han, that ceremony was not extinguished; tribute gifts were always generous."
112
太祖文皇帝中之中元嘉二十三年（ 丙戌，公元四四六年）
Emperor Wen of Liu Song, twenty-third year of Yuanjia ( bingxu, CE 446)
113
春，正月，庚申，尚書左僕射孟顗罷。
In spring, the first month, on gengshen, Left Vice Director of the Secretariat Meng Kai was dismissed.
114
戊辰，魏主軍至東雍州，臨薛永宗壘，崔浩曰：「永宗未知陛下自來，眾心縱弛。 今北風迅疾，宜急擊之。」 魏主從之，庚午，圍其壘。 永宗出戰，大敗，與家人皆赴汾水死。 其族人安都先據弘農，棄城來奔。
On wuchen, the Northern Wei ruler's army reached Eastern Yongzhou and faced Yongzong's fort; Cui Hao said, "Yongzong does not know Your Majesty has come in person; morale is slack. Now the north wind is swift; we should strike at once." The Northern Wei ruler agreed; on gengwu he besieged the fort. Yongzong came out to fight, was routed, and with his family drowned himself in the Fen River. His clansman Andu, who had held Hongnong, abandoned the city and surrendered.
115
辛未，魏主南如汾陰，濟河，至洛水橋。 聞蓋吳在長安北，帝以渭北地無谷草，欲渡渭南，循渭而西。 以問崔浩，對曰：「夫擊蛇者先擊其首，首破則尾不能掉。 今蓋吳營去此六十里，輕騎趨之，一日可到，到則破之必矣。 破吳，南向長安亦不過一日，一日之乏，未至有傷。 若從南道，則吳徐入北山，猝未可平。」 帝不從，自渭南向長安。 庚辰，至戲水。 吳眾聞之，悉散入北地山，軍無所獲。 帝悔之。 二月，丙戌，帝至長安，丙申，如雍城，歷陳倉，還，如雍城。 所過誅民、夷與蓋吳通謀者。 乙拔等諸軍大破蓋吳於杏城，吳復遣使上表求援。 詔以吳為都督關、隴諸軍事、雍州刺史、北地公； 使雍、梁二州發兵屯境上，為吳聲援； 遣使賜吳印一百二十一紐，使吳隨宜假授。
On xinwei, the Northern Wei ruler went south to Fenyin, crossed the river, and reached Luoshui Bridge. Hearing that Gai Wu was north of Chang'an, the emperor, because north of the Wei River the land had no grain or grass, wished to cross south of the Wei and follow the river west. He asked Cui Hao, who replied, "In striking a snake one first strikes the head; when the head is broken the tail cannot lash. Now Gai Wu's camp is sixty li from here; with light cavalry we can reach it in one day and break him. Breaking Wu, marching south on Chang'an takes no more than a day; one day's shortage does no harm. If we take the southern route, Wu will slowly enter the northern mountains and cannot quickly be pacified." The emperor refused and from south of the Wei marched on Chang'an. On gengchen he reached Xishui. Wu's forces heard and scattered into the mountains of Beidi; the army gained nothing. The emperor regretted it. In the second month, on bingxu, the emperor reached Chang'an; on bingshen he went to Yongcheng, passed through Chencang, returned, and went to Yongcheng. Wherever he passed he executed commoners and tribesmen who had plotted with Gai Wu. The armies of Yiba and others routed Gai Wu at Xingcheng; Wu again sent envoys requesting aid. An edict made Wu area commander of Guan and Long, governor of Yongzhou, and Duke of Beidi; ordered Yong and Liang to mobilize troops on the border as support for Wu; sent envoys granting Wu one hundred twenty-one seals for provisional appointment as he saw fit.
116
初，林邑王范陽邁，雖遣使入貢，而寇盜不絕，所貢亦薄陋； 帝遣交州刺史檀和之討之。 南陽宗愨，家世儒素，愨獨好武事，常言「願乘長風破萬里浪」。 及和之伐林邑，愨自奮請從軍。 詔以愨為振武將軍，和之遣愨為前鋒。 陽邁聞軍出，遣使上表，請還所掠日南民，輸金一萬斤，銀十萬斤。 帝詔和之：「若陽邁果有款誠，亦許其歸順」和之至朱梧戍，遣府戶曹參軍姜仲基等詣陽邁，陽邁執之； 和之乃進軍圍林邑將范扶龍於區粟城。 陽邁遣其將范毘沙達救之，宗愨潛兵迎擊毘沙達，破之。 魏主與崔浩皆信重寇謙之，奉其道。 浩素不喜佛法，每言於魏主，以為佛法虛誕，為世費害，宜悉除之。 及魏主討蓋吳，至長安，入佛寺，沙門飲從官酒； 從官入其室，見大有兵器，出以白帝。 帝怒曰：「此非沙門所用，必與蓋吳通謀，欲為亂耳！」 命有司案誅闔寺沙門，閱其財產，大得釀具及州郡牧守、富人所寄藏物以萬計，又為窟室以匿婦子。 浩因說帝悉誅天下沙門，毀諸經像，帝從之。 寇謙之與浩固爭，浩不從。 先盡誅長安沙門，焚毀經像，並敕留台下四方，令一用長安法。 詔曰：「昔後漢荒君，信惑邪偽以亂天常，自古九州之中，未嘗有此。 夸誕大言，不本人情，叔季之世，莫不眩焉。 由是政教不行，禮義大壞，九服之內，鞠為丘墟。 朕承天緒，欲除偽定真，復羲、農之治。 其一切蕩除，滅其蹤跡。 自今已後，敢有事胡神及造形像泥人、銅人者朱。 有非常之人，然後能行非常之事，非朕孰能去此歷代之偽物？ 有司宣告征鎮諸軍、刺史，諸有浮圖形像及胡經，皆擊破焚燒，沙門無少長悉坑之！」 太子晃素好佛法，屢諫不聽，乃緩宣詔書，使遠近豫聞之，得各為計。 沙門多亡匿獲免，或收藏經像，唯塔廟在魏境者無復孑遺。
Earlier, King Fanyang Mai of Linyi, though sending tribute envoys, never ceased raiding, and what was offered was meager; the emperor sent Governor of Jiaozhou Tan Hezhi against him. Zong Que of Nanyang came from a Confucian family, but Que alone loved military affairs and often said, "I wish to ride the long wind and break ten thousand li of waves." When Hezhi campaigned against Linyi, Que volunteered to join the army. An edict made Que General Who Shakes Might, and Hezhi sent him as vanguard. Yang Mai, hearing the army had marched, sent envoys requesting return of the people of Rinan he had seized and offering ten thousand jin of gold and one hundred thousand jin of silver. The emperor ordered Hezhi, "If Yang Mai truly shows sincerity, his submission may be granted." Hezhi reached Zhuwu Fort and sent Household Affairs Aide Jiang Zhongji and others to Yang Mai; Yang Mai seized them; Hezhi then advanced and besieged Linyi general Fan Fulong at Qu Su City. Yang Mai sent General Fan Bishada to the rescue; Zong Que intercepted Bishada with hidden troops and routed him. The Northern Wei ruler and Cui Hao both trusted and honored Kou Qianzhi and followed his Way. Hao had never liked Buddhism and often told the Northern Wei ruler that Buddhism was empty and false, a worldly waste and harm, and should be abolished. When the Northern Wei ruler campaigned against Gai Wu and reached Chang'an, he entered a Buddhist temple where monks had drunk the attendants' wine; attendants entered their rooms and found many weapons; they reported to the emperor. The emperor raged, "These are not for monks—they must have plotted with Gai Wu and intend rebellion!" He ordered officials to execute all the monks of the temple; examining their property they found brewing equipment and goods entrusted by governors and the wealthy numbering in the tens of thousands, and cave rooms to hide wives and children. Hao urged the emperor to execute all monks under Heaven and destroy all sutras and images; the emperor agreed. Kou Qianzhi argued with Hao; Hao would not listen. First all Chang'an monks were executed and sutras and images burned; an order also went to the four directions from the capital to apply the Chang'an method uniformly. The edict said, "Long ago the reckless ruler of Later Han believed perverse falsehoods and disturbed Heaven's order; since antiquity within the nine provinces there has never been this. Boastful extravagant words, not rooted in human feeling—in decadent ages none failed to be dazzled. Hence government and teaching failed, ritual and righteousness collapsed, and within the nine domains all became wasteland. We inherit Heaven's mandate and wish to remove the false and establish the true, restoring the governance of Fu Xi and Shen Nong. Let all be swept away and their traces extinguished. From now on, whoever dares serve barbarian gods or make images of clay or bronze shall be executed. Only an extraordinary man can perform extraordinary deeds—who but We can remove these false things of successive ages? Officials are to proclaim to armies and governors: wherever there are Buddhist images and barbarian sutras, all are to be smashed and burned, and monks young and old all buried alive!" Crown Prince Huang had long loved Buddhism and remonstrated repeatedly without being heard; he then delayed proclaiming the edict so that far and near might hear in advance and each make plans. Many monks fled and hid and were spared, or concealed sutras and images; only pagodas and temples within Northern Wei territory were left with nothing surviving.
117
魏主徙長安工巧二千家於平城。 還，至洛水，分軍誅李閏叛羌。
The Northern Wei ruler relocated two thousand artisan households from Chang'an to Pingcheng. Returning, he reached the Luo River and divided the army to execute the rebellious Qiang of Li Run.
118
太原顏白鹿私入魏境，為魏人所得，將殺之，詐雲青州刺史杜驥使其歸誠。 魏人送白鹿詣平城，魏主喜曰：「我外家也。」 使崔浩作書與驥，且命永昌王仁、高涼王那將兵迎驥，攻冀州刺史申恬於歷城； 杜驥遣其府司馬夏侯祖歡等將兵救歷城。 魏人遂寇袞、青、冀三州，至清東而還； 殺掠甚眾，北邊騷動。
Yan Bailu of Taiyuan privately entered Northern Wei territory, was captured, and about to be killed feigned that Governor of Qingzhou Du Ji had sent him to submit. Northern Wei sent Bailu to Pingcheng; the Northern Wei ruler was pleased and said, "My mother's family." He had Cui Hao write to Ji and ordered Prince Ren of Yongchang and Prince Na of Gaoliang to lead troops to welcome Ji and attack Governor of Jizhou Shen Tian at Licheng; Du Ji sent his aide Xiahou Zuhuan and others to rescue Licheng. Northern Wei then raided Yan, Qing, and Ji, reaching Qingdong and returning; killing and plundering in great numbers; the northern frontier was in turmoil.
119
帝以魏寇為憂，咨訪群臣。 御史中丞何承天上表，以為：「凡備匈奴之策，不過二科：武夫盡征伐之謀，儒生講和親之約。 今若欲追蹤衛、霍，自非大田淮、泗，內實青、徐，使民有贏儲，野有積穀，然後發精卒十萬，一舉蕩夷，則不足為也。 若但欲遣軍追討，報其侵暴，則彼必輕騎奔走，不肯會戰。 徒興巨費，不損於彼，報復之役，將遂無已。 斯策之最末者也。 安邊固守，於計為長。 臣竊以曹、孫之霸，才均智敵，江、淮之間，不居各數百里。 何者？ 斥候之郊，非耕牧之地，故堅壁清野以俟其來，整甲繕兵以乘其弊； 保民全境，不出此塗。 要而歸之，其策有四：一曰移遠就近。 今青、兗舊民及冀州新附，在界首者三萬餘家，可悉徙置大峴之南，以實內地。 二曰多築城邑以居新徙之家，假其經用，春夏佃牧，秋冬入保。 寇至之時，一城千家，堪戰之士，不下二千，其餘羸弱，猶能登陴鼓噪，足抗群虜三萬矣。 三曰纂偶車牛以載糧械。 計千家之資，不下五百耦牛，為車五百兩，參合鉤連以衛其眾； 設使城不可固，平行趨險，賊所不能幹，有急征發，信宿可聚。 四曰計丁課仗。 凡戰士二千，隨其便能，各自有仗，素所服習，銘刻由己，還保輸之於庫，出行請以自新。 弓簳利鐵，民不得者，官以漸充之。 數年之內，軍用粗備矣。 近郡之師，遠屯清、濟，功費既重，嗟怨亦深，以臣料之，未若即用彼眾之易也。 今因民所利，導而帥之，兵強而敵不戒，國富而民不勞，比於優復隊伍，坐食糧廩者，不可同年而校矣。」
The emperor, troubled by Northern Wei raids, consulted the ministers. Censor-in-Chief He Chengtian submitted a memorial: "All policies for guarding against the Xiongnu amount to two categories: warriors exhaust plans of campaign, Confucians discourse on marriage alliances. If one wishes to follow Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, unless one first farms greatly on the Huai and Si, fills Qing and Xu within, makes the people surplus in stores and the fields full of grain, and then sends one hundred thousand elite troops to sweep the barbarians away—it is not enough. If one only sends armies in pursuit to repay their raids, they will flee on light cavalry and refuse battle. One only raises vast expense without harming them; campaigns of reprisal will never end. This is the worst strategy. Securing the frontier and holding firm is the superior plan. Your servant ventures to think that in the hegemony of Cao and Sun, talents were equal and wits matched, yet between the Yangtze and Huai each held no more than several hundred li. Why? The borderlands of scouts are not fields for farming; therefore fortify walls and clear the countryside to await them, repair armor and sharpen weapons to exploit their weakness; protecting the people and securing the whole territory—there is no path outside this. In sum, there are four policies: first, move the distant near. Now the old inhabitants of Qing and Yan and the newly attached of Jizhou on the border—more than thirty thousand households—may all be relocated south of Great Xian to fill the interior. Second, build many walled towns for the relocated families, lend them capital, farm and pasture in spring and summer, and enter the fortifications in autumn and winter. When raiders come, one town of a thousand households has no fewer than two thousand men fit for battle; the rest, though weak, can still mount the walls and beat drums and shout—enough to resist thirty thousand of the enemy. Third, pair oxen and carts to carry grain and weapons. A thousand households have no fewer than five hundred yoked ox teams, making five hundred carts linked and chained to guard the multitude; if the town cannot be held, they move on level ground or hurry to difficult terrain where raiders cannot reach them; in emergency they can gather within two nights. Fourth, assess households and levy weapons. For every two thousand warriors, each has his own weapon suited to his ability, what he is trained in, marked with his name; returning to the fort he deposits it in the arsenal, and when going out he requests it anew. Bows, arrows, and sharp iron—what the people lack, the state gradually supplies. Within several years, military supplies will be roughly complete. Armies from nearby commanderies stationed far at Qing and Ji—the labor and expense are heavy and resentment deep; by my estimate, it is not as easy as directly using those masses there. Now following what benefits the people and leading them—army strong while the enemy is unguarded, state rich while the people are not worn—compared with exempted companies eating from the granaries, they cannot be weighed in the same scale."
120
魏金城邊固、天水梁會，與秦、益雜民萬餘戶據上邽東城反，攻逼西城。 秦、益二州刺史封敕文拒卻之。 氐、羌萬餘人，休官、屠各二萬餘人皆起兵應固、會，敕文擊固，斬之，餘眾推會為主，與敕文相攻。
Northern Wei's Bian Gu of Jincheng and Liang Hui of Tianshui, with more than ten thousand mixed households of Qin and Yi, seized Shanggui's eastern city and rebelled, pressing the western city. Governors of Qin and Yi Feng Tiwen repelled them. More than ten thousand Di and Qiang and more than twenty thousand Xiuguan and Tuge all raised troops to join Gu and Hui; Tiwen attacked Gu and beheaded him, and the survivors made Hui leader and fought Tiwen.
121
夏，四月，甲申，魏主至長安。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiashen, the Northern Wei ruler reached Chang'an.
122
丁未，大赦。
On dingwei, a general amnesty.
123
仇池人李洪聚眾，自言應王。 梁會求救於氐王楊文德，文德曰：「兩雄不並立，若須我者，宜殺洪。」 會誘洪斬之，送首於文德。 五月，癸亥，魏主遣安豐公閭根帥騎赴上邽，未至，會棄東城走。 敕文先掘重塹於外，嚴兵守之，格鬥從夜至旦。 敕文曰：「賊知無生路，致死於我，多殺傷士卒，未易克也。」 乃以白虎幡宣告會眾，降者赦之，會眾遂潰； 分兵追討，悉平之。 略陽人王元達聚眾屯松多川，敕文又討平之。
Li Hong of Qiuchi gathered followers and declared himself destined to rule. Hui requested aid from Di King Yang Wendé; Wendé said, "Two heroes cannot stand together; if you need me, you should kill Hong." Hui lured Hong and beheaded him, sending the head to Wendé. In the fifth month, on guihai, the Northern Wei ruler sent Duke Gen of Anfeng Lü with cavalry to Shanggui; before he arrived, Hui abandoned the eastern city and fled. Tiwen first dug a deep moat outside and guarded it strictly; they fought from night until dawn. Tiwen said, "The rebels know they have no way out and will fight to the death, killing and wounding many soldiers—it is not easy to overcome them." He then proclaimed to Hui's followers with the white tiger banner that those who surrendered would be spared; Hui's followers collapsed; he divided troops to pursue and pacified them all. Wang Yuanda of Lueyang gathered followers at Songduo River; Tiwen again campaigned and pacified him.
124
蓋吳收兵屯杏城，自號秦地王，聲勢復振。 魏主遣永昌王仁、高涼王那督北道諸軍討之。
Gai Wu gathered troops at Xingcheng, styled himself King of Qin Land, and his momentum revived. The Northern Wei ruler sent Prince Ren of Yongchang and Prince Na of Gaoliang to command the northern route armies against him.
125
檀和之等拔區粟，斬范扶龍，乘勝入象浦； 林邑王陽邁傾國來戰，以具裝被象，前後無際。 宗愨曰：「吾聞外國有師子，威服百獸。」 乃制其形，與象相拒，像果驚走，林邑兵大敗。 和之遂克林邑，陽邁父子挺身走。 所獲未名之寶，不可勝計，宗愨一無所取，還家之日，衣櫛蕭然。
Tan Hezhi and others took Qu Su, beheaded Fan Fulong, and pressing their victory entered Xiang Ford; King Yang Mai of Linyi came out with the whole state to fight, armored elephants stretching front and rear without end. Zong Que said, "I have heard that in foreign lands there are lions that by their majesty subdue all beasts." He then made their likenesses to confront the elephants; the elephants fled in alarm and the Linyi army was routed. Hezhi then took Linyi and Yang Mai and his son fled for their lives. The unnamed treasures taken were beyond counting; Zong Que took nothing, and on the day he returned home his clothes and comb-case were bare.
126
六月，癸未朔，日有食之。
In the sixth month, on the guiwei new moon, there was a solar eclipse.
127
甲申，魏發冀、相、定三州兵二萬人屯長安南山諸谷，以備蓋吳竄逸。 丙戌，又發司、幽、定、冀四州十萬人築畿上塞圍，起上谷，西至河，廣縱千里。
On jiashen, Northern Wei mobilized twenty thousand troops from Ji, Xiang, and Ding to encamp in the valleys south of Chang'an to guard against Gai Wu's escape. On bingxu, they also mobilized one hundred thousand men from Si, You, Ding, and Ji to build the capital frontier barrier wall from Shanggu west to the river, a thousand li in breadth and length.
128
帝築北堤，立玄武湖，築景陽山於華林園。
The emperor built the northern embankment, established Xuanwu Lake, and built Jingyang Mountain in Hualin Park.
129
秋，七月，辛未，以散騎常侍杜坦為青州刺史。 坦，驥之兄也。 初，杜預之子耽，避晉亂，居河西，仁張氏。 前秦克涼州，子孫始還關中。 高祖滅後秦，坦兄弟從高祖過江。 時江東王、謝諸族方盛，北人晚渡者，朝廷番以傖荒遇之，雖復人才可施，皆不得踐清塗。 上嘗與坦論金日磾，曰：「恨今無復此輩人！」 坦曰：「日磾假生今世，養馬不暇，豈辦見知！」 上變色曰：「卿何量朝廷之薄也！」 坦曰：「請以臣言之：臣本中華高族，晉氏喪亂，播遷涼土，世業相承，不殞其舊； 直以南度不早，便以荒傖賜隔。 日磾，胡人，身為牧圉，乃超登內侍，齒列名賢。 聖朝雖復拔才，臣恐未必能也。」 上默然。
In autumn, the seventh month, on xinwei, Attendant Cavalier Du Tan was made governor of Qingzhou. Tan was Ji's elder brother. Earlier, Du Yu's son Dan, fleeing Jin's chaos, lived west of the river and married into the Zhang clan. When Former Qin took Liangzhou, the descendants first returned to Guanzhong. When Emperor Gao destroyed Later Qin, Tan and his brothers followed him across the river. At the time the Wang and Xie clans east of the Yangtze were flourishing; northerners who crossed late were repeatedly treated as crude outsiders, and though talented could not tread the path of office. The emperor once discussed Jin Midi with Tan and said, "I regret there are no longer men like this!" Tan said, "If Midi were born today, he would have no time beyond raising horses—how could he win recognition!" The emperor flushed and said, "How you underestimate the court's generosity!" Tan said, "Let me speak of myself: I am originally of a lofty clan of the Central States; when Jin fell into chaos we were scattered to Liang lands, our hereditary estate passed down without losing its standing; simply because we crossed south not early enough, we are set apart as crude outsiders. Midi was a barbarian, a horse-herd by station, yet he rose straight to palace attendance and stood among famed worthies. Though the sage court selects talent, I fear it may not be possible." The emperor was silent.
130
八月，魏高涼王那等破蓋吳，獲其二叔； 諸將欲送詣平城，長安鎮將陸俟曰：「長安險固，風俗豪忮，平時猶不可忽，況承荒亂之餘乎！ 今不斬吳，則長安之變未已也。 吳一身潛竄，非其親信，誰能獲之！ 若停十萬之眾以追一人，又非長策。 不如私許吳叔，免其妻子，使自追吳，擒之必矣。」 諸將鹹曰：「今賊黨眾已散，唯吳一身，何所能至？」 俟曰：「諸君不見毒蛇乎！ 不斷其首，猶能為害。 吳天性凶狡，今若得脫，必自稱王者不死，以惑愚民，為患愈大。」 諸將曰：「公言是也。 但得賊不殺，而更遣之，若遂往不返，將何以任其罪？」 俟曰：「此罪我為諸君任之。」 高涼王那亦以俟計為然，遂赦二叔，與刻期而遣之。 及期，吳叔不至，諸將皆咎俟，俟曰：「彼伺之未得其便耳，必不負也。」 後數日，吳叔果以吳首來； 傳詣平城。 永昌王仁等討吳餘黨白廣平、路那羅等，悉平之。 以陸俟為內都大官。
In the eighth month, Northern Wei's Prince Na of Gaoliang and others broke Gai Wu and captured his two uncles; the generals wished to send them to Pingcheng; Garrison Commander of Chang'an Lu Si said, "Chang'an is strong and secure, its customs proud and contentious—even in normal times it cannot be neglected, how much less after chaos! If Wu is not beheaded now, Chang'an's troubles will not cease. Wu alone is in hiding—who but his close followers can capture him! To halt one hundred thousand men to pursue one person is again no long-term plan. Better to secretly promise Wu's uncles, spare their wives and children, and have them pursue Wu themselves—capture is certain." The generals all said, "Now the rebel band is scattered; only Wu alone—what can he accomplish?" Si said, "Have you never seen a poisonous snake! If you do not cut off its head, it can still do harm. Wu is by nature fierce and cunning; if he escapes now he will declare himself a king who cannot die, to delude the people—the harm will be greater." The generals said, "You are right. But if we do not kill the captives and instead send them off, if they go and do not return, how shall we bear the blame?" Si said, "For this I will bear responsibility for you all." Prince Na of Gaoliang also agreed with Si's plan, pardoned the two uncles, and sent them off with a fixed deadline. When the deadline came the uncles did not arrive; the generals all blamed Si, and Si said, "They are watching and have not yet found their opportunity—they will not fail us." Several days later the uncles indeed came with Wu's head; it was sent on to Pingcheng. Prince Ren of Yongchang and others campaigned against Wu's remaining followers Bai Guang and Lu Naluo and pacified them all. Lu Si was made Chief Palace Provisioner of the Inner Court.
131
會安定盧水胡劉超等聚眾萬餘人反，魏主以俟威恩著於關中，復加俟都督秦、雍二州諸軍事，鎮長安。 謂俟曰：「關中奉化日淺，恩信未洽，吏民數為逆亂。 今朕以重兵授卿，則超等必同心協力，據險拒守，未易攻也； 若兵少，則不能制賊，卿當自以方略取之。」 俟乃單馬之鎮。 超等聞之，大喜，以俟為無能為也。
When Liu Chao of the Lu River Hu of Anding and others gathered more than ten thousand followers and rebelled, the Northern Wei ruler, because Si's authority and kindness were renowned in Guanzhong, again made him commander of Qin and Yong and stationed him at Chang'an. He said to Si, "Guanzhong has accepted transformation only recently; grace and trust are not yet settled, and officials and people have repeatedly rebelled. If I now give you a heavy force, Chao and the others will unite, hold the passes and resist—not easy to attack; if the force is small you cannot control the rebels—you must take them by your own stratagem." Si then went to his post alone on horseback. Chao and the others heard and were greatly pleased, thinking Si could do nothing.
132
俟既至，諭以成敗，誘納超女，與為姻戚以招之； 超自恃其眾，猶無降意。 俟乃帥其帳下親往見超，超使人逆謂俟曰：「從者過三百人，當以弓馬相待； 不及三百人，當以酒食相供。」 俟乃將二百騎詣超。 超設備甚嚴，俟縱酒盡醉而還。 頃之，俟復選敢死士五百人出獵，因詣超營，約曰：「發機當以醉為限。」 既飲，俟陽醉，上馬大呼，手斬超首； 士卒應聲縱擊，殺傷千數，遂平之。 魏主征俟還，為外都大官。
When Si arrived he explained success and failure, offered marriage to Chao's daughter, and made kinship to win him over; Chao, relying on his numbers, still had no thought of surrender. Si then led his personal followers to visit Chao; Chao sent word to Si, "If your followers exceed three hundred, we shall meet you with bow and horse; if fewer than three hundred, we shall supply wine and food." Si then took two hundred cavalry to Chao. Chao made strict preparations; Si drank freely until thoroughly drunk and returned. Before long Si again selected five hundred dare-to-die men to go hunting and visited Chao's camp, agreeing, "The signal to strike shall be when drunk." After drinking, Si feigned drunkenness, mounted his horse and shouted, and with his own hand beheaded Chao; soldiers responded and struck; more than a thousand were killed and wounded, and it was pacified. The Northern Wei ruler summoned Si back and made him Chief Palace Provisioner of the Outer Court.
133
是歲，吐谷渾復還舊土。
That year, Tuyuhun returned to their former lands.