1
資治通鑑第169卷卷第一百六十九
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 169.
2
【陳紀三】起昭陽協洽，盡柔兆閹茂，凡四年。
[Chen Annals 3] Spanning from the year Zhaoyang Xiehe through Rouzhao Yanmao—four years in all.
3
春，正月，齊以太子少傅魏收兼尚書右僕射。 時齊主終日酣飲，朝事專委侍中高元海。 元海庸俗，帝亦輕之； 以收才名素盛，故用之。 而收畏懦避事，尋坐阿縱，除名。 兗州刺史畢義雲作書與高元海，論敘時事。 元海入宮，不覺遺之。 給事中李孝貞得而奏之，帝由是疏元海。 以孝貞兼中書舍人，征義雲還朝。 和士開復譖元海，帝以馬鞭棰元海六十，責曰：「汝昔教我反，以弟反兄，幾許不義！ 以鄴城兵抗并州，幾許無智！」 出為兗州刺史。
In spring, during the first month, Northern Qi appointed Wei Shou, Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, to serve concurrently as Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. The Qi ruler spent his days in drunken revelry, leaving state affairs wholly in the hands of Attendant-in-Ordinary Gao Yuanhai. Yuanhai was a mediocrity, and the emperor held him in low regard; Wei Shou was given the post only because his literary fame was already well established. Wei Shou, however, proved timid and shirked his duties; before long he was convicted of complicity in wrongdoing and removed from office. Bi Yiyun, inspector of Yanzhou, wrote to Gao Yuanhai setting out his views on current affairs. Yuanhai went into the palace and left the letter behind without realizing it. Supervising Secretary Li Xiaozhen found the letter and reported it to the throne, and from that time the emperor kept Yuanhai at arm's length. Li Xiaozhen was appointed concurrent Secretariat Drafter, and Bi Yiyun was recalled to the capital. He Shikai slandered Yuanhai again. The emperor lashed him sixty strokes with a riding crop and upbraided him: "You once urged me to rebel—having a younger brother turn against his elder brother: how shameless can one be! Pitting the army of Ye against Bingzhou—how foolish was that!" He was dismissed to serve as inspector of Yanzhou.
4
甲申，周迪眾潰，脫身逾嶺，奔晉安，依陳寶應。 官軍克臨川，獲迪妻子。 寶應以兵資迪，留異又遣其子忠臣隨之。
On the day jiashen, Zhou Di's army broke and scattered. He slipped over the mountains to Jin'an and threw in his lot with Chen Baoying. Imperial forces took Linchuan and captured Zhou Di's family. Baoying furnished Zhou Di with troops, and Liu Yi sent his son Zhongchen to join him as well.
5
虞寄與寶應書，以十事諫之曰：「自天厭梁德，英雄互起，人人自以為得之，然夷凶翦亂，四海樂推者，陳氏也。 豈非歷數有在，惟天所授乎！ 一也。 以王琳之強，侯瑱之力，進足以搖蕩中原，爭衡天下，退足以屈強江外，雄張偏隅； 然或命一旅之師，或資一士之說，琳則瓦解冰泮，投身異域，瑱則闕角稽顙，委命闕庭，斯又天假之威而除其患。 二也。 今將軍以籓戚之重，東南之眾，盡忠奉上，戮力勤王，豈不勳高竇融，寵過吳芮，析珪判野，南面稱孤乎！ 三也。 聖朝棄瑕忘過，寬厚得人，至於余孝頃、潘純陀、李孝欽、歐陽頠等，悉委以心腹，任以爪牙，腦中豁然，曾無纖芥。 況將軍釁非張繡，罪異畢諶，當何慮於危亡，何失於富貴！ 四也。 方今周、齊鄰睦，境外無虞，並兵一向，匪朝伊夕，非劉、項競逐之機，楚、趙連從之勢； 何得雍容高拱，坐論西伯哉！ 五也。 且留將軍狼顧一隅，亟經摧衄，聲實虧喪，膽氣衰沮。 其將帥首鼠兩端，唯利是視，孰能被堅執銳，長驅深入，繫馬埋輪，奮不顧命，以先士卒者乎！ 六也。 將軍之強，孰如侯景？ 將軍之眾，孰如王琳？ 武皇滅侯景於前，今上摧王琳於後，此乃天時，非復人力。 且兵革已後，民皆厭亂，其孰能棄墳墓，捐妻子，出萬死不顧水計，從將軍於白刃之間乎！ 七也。 歷觀前古，子陽、季孟，傾覆相尋； 餘善、右渠，危亡繼及。 天命可畏，山川難恃。 況將軍欲以數郡之地當天下之兵，以諸侯之資拒天子之命，強弱逆順，可得侔乎！ 八也。 且非我族類，其心必異； 不愛其親，豈能及物！ 留將軍身縻國爵，子尚王姬，猶且棄天屬而弗顧，背明君而孤立，危亡之日，豈能同憂共患，不背將軍者乎！ 至於師老力屈，懼誅利賞，必有韓、智晉陽之謀，張、陳井陘之勢。 九也。 北軍萬里遠鬥，鋒不可當。 將軍自戰其地，人多顧後； 眾寡不敵，將帥不侔。 師以無名而出，事以無機而動，以此稱兵，未知其利。 十也。 為將軍計，莫若絕親留氏。 遣子入質，釋甲偃兵，一遵詔旨。 方今籓維尚少，皇子幼沖，凡預宗枝，皆蒙寵樹。 況以將軍之地，將軍之才，將軍之名，將軍之勢，而克修籓服，北面稱臣，寧與劉澤同年而語其功業哉！ 寄感恩懷服，不覺狂言，斧鉞之誅，其甘如薺。」 寶應覽書大怒。 或謂寶應曰：「虞公病勢漸篤，言多錯謬。」 寶應意乃小釋，亦以寄民望，故優容之。
Yu Ji wrote Chen Baoying a letter of remonstrance in ten points, saying: "Since Heaven had turned against the virtue of Liang, heroes sprang up everywhere, each convinced that the mandate was his—yet the house that pacified the savage lands, ended the turmoil, and won the willing allegiance of the realm was Chen. Was this not because the mandate had its ordained holder, bestowed by Heaven alone? That is the first point. Wang Lin at his height and Hou Tian in his prime could advance far enough to shake the heartland and vie for the empire, or fall back and still cow the strong south of the Yangzi and lord it over a distant quarter; yet whether Chen sent a single brigade or heeded one man's counsel, Lin's power melted like ice in spring and he ended his days in exile, while Tian came to court with horns lowered and submitted his fate at the palace steps—again Heaven lent its authority to sweep their menace away. That is the second point. Today, General, you bear the weight of an imperial marriage alliance and command the armies of the southeast. If you gave your full loyalty to the throne and threw your strength into the emperor's service, would your merit not outshine Dou Rong's, your honors exceed Wu Rui's—with domains carved out for you and the right to rule your own quarter as a great prince of the realm? That is the third point. The court overlooks faults and forgives past wrongs, winning loyalty through generosity. Men such as Yu Xiaoqing, Pan Chuntuo, Li Xiaoqin, and Ouyang Hui were all taken into the inner circle and given power to act in the emperor's name, with complete trust and not a trace of suspicion. Your offense, General, is nothing like Zhang Xiu's betrayal, your guilt nothing like Bi Zhen's treachery—why fear destruction, or forfeit wealth and rank? That is the fourth point. Zhou and Qi are on friendly terms now, with no threat on the frontiers. Their armies will march together, and not a day will pass before they arrive—not a season for Liu Bang and Xiang Yu to contend, nor a chance for Chu and Zhao to league together as of old; how can you sit at ease with folded hands, playing the philosopher-king of the west? That is the fifth point. Moreover, General, you have held your corner with a wolf's wary glance, suffering defeat after defeat until your name and strength are spent and your courage broken. Your officers waver between two sides, caring only for gain—who among them would don armor, take up sharp weapons, drive deep into enemy country, stake horses and bury wheels, and charge ahead without regard for his life to lead the men? That is the sixth point. Was your power ever equal to Hou Jing's? Were your troops ever equal to Wang Lin's? Emperor Wu destroyed Hou Jing; the present emperor crushed Wang Lin. That was Heaven's timing, not human strength alone. After so many years of war the people are sick of chaos—who would leave his ancestors' graves, abandon wife and children, and march into certain death to follow you between crossed swords? That is the seventh point. Look to the past: Ziyang and Jimeng fell one after another; Yushan and Youqu brought disaster upon themselves in turn. Heaven's mandate inspires awe; mountains and rivers are poor defenses. And you would hold a few commanderies against the armies of the realm, and set a regional lord's means against the Son of Heaven's command—can such a mismatch ever be evened? That is the eighth point. Those who are not of our kin will not have our hearts; a man who does not love his own kin cannot be trusted to care for others. Liu Yi holds a state fief and his son is married to an imperial princess—yet he has already cast aside his own kin and turned from the enlightened sovereign to stand apart. When ruin comes, will he share your fate, or will he not betray you? When your army is exhausted and your strength spent, with men fearing punishment and hungry for reward, you will see plots like Han and Zhi at Jinyang and splits like Zhang Er and Chen Yu at Jingxing Pass. That is the ninth point. The northern armies have marched a thousand miles to fight, and their spearhead cannot be stopped. You fight on your own soil, and your men will look homeward; few cannot match many, nor your generals theirs. An army raised without just cause, a campaign launched without opportunity—take up arms on such terms, and I see no profit in it. That is the tenth point. For your own sake, General, nothing would be wiser than to sever your bond with the Liu family. Send your son to court as hostage, lay down arms, and obey the throne's commands to the letter. The imperial clan is still thin, the heir young, and every branch of the house is showered with favor and rank. With your lands, your talent, your name, and your power, if you fulfilled your duties as a loyal vassal and bowed north as a subject, would your achievements not rank with Liu Ze's rather than Liu Yi's? Overcome by gratitude and loyalty, I have spoken rashly without thinking; if the axe falls on me, I shall accept it as gladly as a meal of greens." When Baoying read the letter he flew into a rage. Someone told Baoying: "Sir Yu's illness is worsening, and his words are often confused." Baoying's anger eased a little, and because Ji enjoyed popular esteem, he treated him leniently.
6
周梁躁公侯莫陳崇從周主如原州。 帝夜還長安，人竊怪其故，崇謂所親曰：「吾此聞術者言，晉公今年不利，車駕今忽夜還，不過晉公死耳。」 或發其事。 乙酉，帝召諸公於大德殿，面責崇，崇惶恐謝罪。 其夜，塚宰護遣使將兵就崇第，逼令自殺，葬如常儀。
Houmochen Chong, Duke Zhao of Liang in Northern Zhou, accompanied the Zhou emperor to Yuanzhou. The emperor returned to Chang'an by night, and people whispered about the reason. Chong told his intimates: "I have heard the diviners say the Duke of Jin faces a bad year. The emperor's sudden return tonight can only mean the Duke of Jin is about to die." Someone reported what he had said. On the day yiyou the emperor summoned the princes to the Hall of Great Virtue and rebuked Chong to his face. Chong prostrated himself in terror and begged forgiveness. That same night Grand Minister Protector Yuwen Hu sent troops to Chong's house and forced him to kill himself. He was buried with the usual honors.
7
壬辰，以高州刺史黃法□為南徐州刺史，臨川太守周敷為南豫州刺史。
On the day renchen, Huang Fatan, inspector of Gaozhou, was appointed inspector of South Xuzhou, and Zhou Fu, administrator of Linchuan, was appointed inspector of South Yuzhou.
8
周主命司憲大夫拓跋迪造《大律》十五篇。 二月，庚子，頒行之。 其制罪：一曰杖刑，自十五至五十； 二曰鞭刑，自六十至百； 三曰徒刑，自一年至五年； 四曰流刑，自二千五百里至四千五百里； 五曰死刑，罄、絞、斬、梟、裂； 凡二十五等。
The Zhou emperor ordered Director of Law Tuoba Di to draft fifteen chapters of the Great Code. In the second month, on the day gengzi, the code was promulgated. The penalties were defined as follows: first, beating with the staff, from fifteen to fifty strokes; second, flogging with the whip, from sixty to one hundred strokes; third, penal servitude, from one to five years; fourth, exile, from two thousand five hundred to four thousand five hundred li; fifth, capital punishment—strangulation, hanging, decapitation, exposure of the head, and dismemberment; twenty-five grades in all.
9
庚戌，以司空、南徐州刺史侯安都為江州刺史。 辛酉，周詔：「大塚宰晉國公，親則懿昆，任當元輔，自今詔誥及百司文書，並不得稱公名。」 護抗表固讓。
On the day gengxu, Hou Andu, Minister of Works and inspector of South Xuzhou, was appointed inspector of Jiangzhou. On the day xinyou Northern Zhou issued an edict: "The Grand Minister Protector, Duke of Jin, is a close kinsman of the throne and the chief minister of state. Henceforth no edict or document from any office shall use the Duke's personal name." Yuwen Hu submitted a memorial firmly declining the honor.
10
三月，乙丑朔，日有食之。
In the third month, on the first day of the month (yichou), there was a solar eclipse.
11
齊詔司空斛律光督步騎二萬，築勳常城於軹關； 仍築長城二百里，置十二戍。
Qi ordered Minister of Works Hulu Guang to direct twenty thousand foot and horse in building Xunchang Fort at Zhi Pass; and to build two hundred li of the Long Wall with twelve garrisons along it.
12
丙戌，齊以兼尚書右僕射趙彥深為左僕射。
On the day bingxu Qi appointed Zhao Yanshen, concurrent Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, as Left Vice Director.
13
夏，四月，乙未，周以柱國達奚武為太保。
In summer, the fourth month, on the day yiwei, Northern Zhou appointed Daxi Wu, Pillar of State, as Grand Mentor.
14
周主將視學，以太傅燕國公於謹為三老。 謹上表固辭，不許，仍賜以延年杖。 戊午，帝幸太學。 謹入門，帝迎拜於門屏之間，謹答拜。 有司設三老席於中楹，南面。 太師護升階，設幾。 謹升席，南面憑幾而坐。 大司馬豆盧寧升階，正舄。 帝升階，立於斧扆之前，西面。 有司進饌，帝跪設醬豆，親為之袒割。 謹食畢，帝親跪授爵以酳。 有司撤訖，帝北面立而訪道。 謹起，立於席後，對曰：「木受繩則正，後從諫則聖。 明王虛心納諫以知得失，天下乃安。」 又曰：「去食去兵，信不可去； 願陛下守信勿失。」 又曰：「有功必賞，有罪必罰，則為善者日進，為惡者日止。」 又曰：「言行者，立身之基，願陛下三思而言，九慮而行，勿使有過。 天子之過，如日月之食，人莫不知，願陛下慎之。」 帝再拜受言，謹答拜。 禮成而出。
The Zhou emperor was about to visit the Imperial Academy and appointed Yu Jin, Grand Tutor and Duke of Yan, as one of the Three Elders. Jin submitted a memorial declining the honor, but the emperor refused and also bestowed on him a staff of longevity. On the day wuwu the emperor went in person to the Imperial Academy. When Jin entered the gate, the emperor came forward to bow to him between the gate and the screen, and Jin bowed in return. The officials set the Three Elders' seat at the central pillar, facing south. Grand Preceptor Yuwen Hu ascended the steps and set out the armrest table. Jin took his seat, faced south, and sat leaning on the armrest. Grand Marshal Doulu Ning ascended the steps and straightened his shoes. The emperor ascended the steps and stood before the axe-and-screen symbol of authority, facing west. The officials brought in the feast. The emperor knelt to set out the sauces and condiments and personally bared his shoulder to carve the meat. When Jin had finished eating, the emperor knelt and personally offered the rinsing cup. When the dishes were cleared, the emperor stood facing north and asked Jin to instruct him in the Way. Jin rose and stood behind his seat, answering: "Wood that accepts the carpenter's line is made straight; a ruler who heeds remonstrance becomes sage. An enlightened sovereign who listens with an open mind to know his errors will keep the realm at peace." He also said: "A state may lack food or arms, but it cannot lack trust; I beg Your Majesty to keep faith and never let it slip." He also said: "Reward merit and punish wrongdoing without fail, and the virtuous will advance daily while the wicked will hold back." He also said: "Speech and action are the pillars of one's standing. May Your Majesty think thrice before you speak and weigh your steps ninefold before you act, so that you never stumble. The errors of a ruler are like solar or lunar eclipses: everyone sees them. I beg Your Majesty to be ever watchful." The emperor bowed twice to receive this counsel, and Jin bowed in reply. When the ceremony was finished, he withdrew.
15
司空侯安都恃功驕橫，數聚文武之士騎射賦詩，齋中賓客，動至千人。 部下將帥，多不遵法度，檢問收攝，輒奔歸安都。 上性嚴整，內銜之，安都弗之覺。 每有表啟，封訖，有事未盡，開封自書之云：「又啟某事。」 及侍宴，酒酣，或箕踞傾倚。 嘗陪樂遊園禊飲，謂上曰：「何如作臨川王時？」 上不應。 安都再三言之。 上曰：「此雖天命，抑亦明公之力。」 宴訖，啟借供帳水飾，欲載妻妾於御堂宴飲。 上雖許之，意甚不懌。 明日，安都坐於御座，賓客居群臣位，稱觴上壽。 會重雲殿災，安都帥將士帶甲入殿，上甚惡之，陰為之備。
Minister of Works Hou Andu, bloated by his merits, grew arrogant and domineering. He constantly gathered scholars and soldiers for mounted archery and poetry, and the guests at his residence often numbered a thousand. His subordinate commanders routinely flouted the law, and whenever investigators tried to arrest them, they fled straight back to Andu's protection. The emperor was stern by temperament and nursed a growing grievance, but Andu never noticed. Whenever he submitted a memorial, if something still weighed on his mind after the seal was applied, he would break it open and add in his own hand, "A further memorial on such-and-such a matter." At court feasts, once the wine took hold, he would sprawl with legs apart or slump against the furnishings. Once at a spring purification banquet in Leye Garden, he asked the emperor, "How does this compare with your days as Prince of Linchuan?" The emperor said nothing. Andu pressed the question repeatedly. The emperor finally replied, "Though Heaven ordained it, it was also your doing, my lord." After the feast he asked to borrow the imperial banquet pavilions and aquatic ornaments so he could bring his wives and concubines to dine in the throne hall. The emperor consented, but inwardly he was furious. The next day Andu took the imperial seat while his guests sat in the ministers' ranks and raised their cups to toast the emperor's long life. When Chongyun Hall burned, Andu marched armored troops into the palace. The emperor loathed this show of force and quietly began to prepare against him.
16
及周迪反，朝議謂當使安都討之，而上更使吳明徹。 又數遣台使按問安都部下，檢括亡叛。 安都遣其別駕周弘實自托於舍人蔡景歷，並問省中事。 景歷錄其狀，具奏之，因希旨稱安都謀反。 上慮其不受召，故用為江州。
When Zhou Di rose in rebellion, the court expected Hou Andu to be sent against him, but the emperor dispatched Wu Mingche instead. He also sent imperial commissioners again and again to probe Andu's followers and hunt down deserters. Andu sent his registrar Zhou Hongshi to win over Gentleman-of-the-Household Cai Jingli and to sound him out on inner-court affairs. Jingli recorded every detail, reported it in full, and—reading the emperor's mood—declared that Andu was plotting treason. Fearing that Andu would refuse a summons, the emperor posted him as governor of Jiangzhou to draw him away from the capital.
17
五月，安都自京口還建康，部伍入於石頭。 六月，帝引安都宴於嘉德殿，又集其部下將帥會於尚書朝堂，於坐收安都，囚於嘉德西省，又收其將帥，盡奪馬仗而釋之。 因出蔡景歷表，以示於朝，乃下詔暴其罪惡，明日，賜死，宥其妻子，資給其喪。
In the fifth month Andu returned from Jingkou to Jiankang and quartered his troops in Stone Fortress. In the sixth month the emperor entertained Andu at Jiade Hall, then summoned his commanders to the Masters of Writing assembly hall. There he seized Andu at table and locked him in the western quarters of Jiade Palace. His officers were also taken, stripped of horses and arms, and then released. He then produced Cai Jingli's memorial for the court to see and issued an edict listing Andu's crimes. The next day Andu was ordered to take his own life. His wife and children were spared, and the state paid for his burial.
18
初，高祖在京口，嘗與諸將宴，杜僧明、周文育、侯安都為壽，各稱功伐。 高祖曰：「卿等悉良將也，而並有所短。 杜公志大而識暗，狎於下而驕於上； 周侯交不擇人，而推心過差； 侯郎傲誕而無厭，輕佻而肆志； 並非全身之道。」 卒皆如其言。
Long before, when Gaozu was still at Jingkou, he once feasted with his generals. Du Sengming, Zhou Wenyu, and Hou Andu toasted his health, each boasting of his exploits. Gaozu said, "You are all able commanders, but each of you has a fatal flaw. Duke Du aims high but sees poorly—too familiar with his men, too proud toward his superiors; Marquis Zhou befriends anyone without discrimination and gives his trust too freely; Lord Hou is insolent, unbounded, and never satisfied—frivolous and reckless in his desires; none of these are ways to keep oneself alive." In the end, every word of it came true.
19
乙卯，齊主使兼散騎常侍崔子武來聘。
On the day yimao, the Northern Qi ruler dispatched Concurrent Supernumerary Palace Attendant Cui Ziwu as envoy to Chen.
20
齊侍中、開府儀同三司和士開有寵於齊主，齊主外朝視事，或在內宴賞，須臾之間，不得不與士開相見，或累日不歸，一日數入； 或放還之後，俄頃即追，未至之間，連騎督趣，奸諂百端，寵愛日降，前後賞賜，不可勝紀。 每侍左右，言辭容止，極諸鄙褻； 以夜繼晝，無復君臣之禮。 嘗謂帝曰：「自古帝王，盡為灰土，堯舜、桀紂，竟復何異！ 陛下宜及少壯，極意為樂，縱橫行之，一日取快，可敵千年。 國事盡付大臣，何慮不辦，無為自勤約也！」 帝大悅。 於是委趙彥深掌官爵，元文遙掌財用，唐邕掌外、騎兵，信都馮子琮、胡長粲常東宮。 帝三四日一視朝，書數字而已，略無所言，須臾罷入。 長粲，僧敬之子也。
Northern Qi's Attendant-in-Ordinary He Shikai, who also held the rank of Bearer of the Equal in Honor of the First Rank, was the darling of the Qi emperor. Whether the ruler was holding court or feasting in the inner palace, he could not go a moment without summoning Shikai. Sometimes he stayed away for days on end, yet entered the inner quarters several times in a single day; and even after dismissing him to go home, he would recall him almost at once, dispatching riders in relays to hurry him back. Shikai flattered him by every art, and the emperor's affection and gifts grew daily beyond counting. Whenever he attended the emperor, his speech and manners plumbed the depths of vulgarity; and day ran into night without a trace of the etiquette owed between sovereign and subject. He once told the emperor, "Every ruler since antiquity ends as dust. What difference does it make whether one is Yao or Shun, Jie or Zhou? Your Majesty should seize your youth and revel without restraint. A single day of pleasure is worth a thousand years of care. Leave state affairs to your ministers—they will manage. Why torment yourself with thrift and discipline?" The emperor was delighted. He then put Zhao Yanshen in charge of offices and titles, Yuan Wenyao over finances, Tang Yong over the outer and cavalry forces, and kept Feng Ziqiong of Xindu and Hu Changcan constantly at the Eastern Palace. The emperor held court only once every three or four days, wrote a few characters, said almost nothing, and withdrew within moments. Hu Changcan was the son of Hu Sengjing.
21
帝使士開與胡後握槊，河南康獻王孝瑜諫曰：「皇后天下之母，豈可與臣下接手！」 孝瑜又言：「趙郡王睿，其父死於非命，不可親近。」 由是睿及士開共譖之。 士開言孝瑜奢僭，睿言「山東唯聞有河南王，不聞有陛下。」 帝由是忌之。 孝瑜竊與爾朱御女言，帝聞之，大怒。 庚申，頓飲孝瑜酒三十七杯。 孝瑜體肥大，腰帶十圍，帝使左右婁子彥載以出，鴆之於車。 至西華門，煩躁投水而絕。 贈太尉、錄尚書事。 諸侯在宮中者，莫敢舉聲，唯河間王孝琬大哭而出。
The emperor had He Shikai and Empress Hu play liubo together. Prince Xiaoyu of Henan, posthumous name Kangxian, remonstrated: "The empress is mother of the realm. How can she touch hands with a subject!" Xiaoyu added, "Prince Rui of Zhao Commandery's father died by violence. He must not be trusted." Thereupon Rui and Shikai joined in slandering him. Shikai accused Xiaoyu of extravagance and overstepping his rank, while Rui said, "In the east they know only the Prince of Henan, not Your Majesty." From that time the emperor grew suspicious of him. When the emperor learned that Xiaoyu had been speaking privately with the Erzhu lady of the inner palace, he flew into a rage. On the day gengshen he forced Xiaoyu to down thirty-seven cups of wine in quick succession. Xiaoyu was enormously fat—his belt ten spans around—and the emperor had his attendants load him into a cart under Lou Ziyan and poison him on the way out. At Xihua Gate, writhing in torment, he threw himself into the water and died. He was posthumously honored as Grand Commandant and Recorder of the Masters of Writing. The princes in the palace dared not utter a sound. Only Prince Xiaowan of Hejian burst out wailing as he left.
22
秋，七月，戊辰，周主幸原州。
In autumn, during the seventh month, on the day wuchen the Northern Zhou emperor visited Yuanzhou.
23
八月，辛丑，齊以三台宮為大興聖寺。
In the eighth month, on the day xinchou, Northern Qi converted the Santaigong Palace into the Daxingsheng Temple.
24
九月，壬戌，廣州刺史陽山穆公歐陽頠卒，詔其子紇襲父爵位。
In the ninth month, on the day renxu, Ouyang Yi, Duke of Yangshan with posthumous name Mu and governor of Guangzhou, died. An edict named his son He to succeed to his father's title and post.
25
甲子，周主自原州登隴。
On the day jiazi the Zhou emperor crossed from Yuanzhou onto the Long plateau.
26
周迪復越東興嶺為寇，辛未，詔護軍章昭達將兵討之。
Zhou Di again raided across Dongxing Ridge. On the day xinwei an edict ordered Guardian of the Army Zhang Zhaoda to take the field against him.
27
丙戌，周主如同州。
On the day bingxu the Zhou emperor proceeded to Tongzhou.
28
初，周人欲與突厥木桿可汗連兵伐齊，許納其女為後，遣御伯大夫楊薦及左武伯大原王慶往結之。 齊人聞之懼，亦遣使求昏於突厥，賂遺甚厚。 木桿貪齊幣重，欲執薦等送齊。 薦知之，責木桿曰：「太祖昔與可汗共敦鄰好，蠕蠕部落數千來降。 太祖悉以付可汗使者，以快可汗之意。 如何今日遽欲背恩忘義，獨不愧鬼神乎？」 木桿慘然良久曰：「君言是也。 吾意決矣，當相與共平東賊，然後送女。」 薦等覆命。
Earlier Northern Zhou had sought a joint campaign with the Türk Mughan Khan against Qi, promising his daughter as empress, and sent Palace Grandee Yang Jian and Left Martial Baron Wang Qing of Taiyuan to seal the pact. Qi heard of this and panicked, sending its own envoys to seek a marriage alliance with the Türks and lavishing gifts upon them. Mughan, coveting Qi's heavier bribes, planned to seize Yang Jian and his party and deliver them to Qi. Jian learned of the plot and rebuked Mughan: "The Grand Ancestor once cherished neighborly ties with your khanate. When thousands of Rouran tribesmen came over to us, he handed them all to your envoys to please your khan. How can you now turn your back on that kindness? Are you not ashamed before Heaven and earth?" Mughan sat silent a long while, then said, "You are right. My mind is made up. We shall join you in crushing the eastern foe, and only then send the bride." Yang Jian and his party returned to report success.
29
公卿請發十萬人擊齊，柱國楊忠獨以為得萬騎足矣。 戊子，遣忠將步騎一萬，與突厥自北道伐齊，又遣大將軍達奚武帥步騎三萬，自南道出平陽，期會於晉陽。
The court urged dispatching a hundred thousand men against Qi, but Pillar-of-State Yang Zhong alone argued that ten thousand cavalry would be enough. On the day wuzi he sent Yang Zhong with ten thousand foot and horse to invade Qi alongside the Türks by the northern route, and Grand General Daxi Wu with thirty thousand by the southern route through Pingyang, both columns to meet at Jinyang.
30
冬，十一月，辛酉，章昭達大破周迪。 迪脫身潛竄山谷，民相與匿之，雖加誅戮，無肯言者。
In winter, during the eleventh month, on the day xinyou, Zhang Zhaoda routed Zhou Di. Di escaped into the hills. The local people hid him, and even under threat of execution none would betray him.
31
十二月，辛卯，周主還長安。
In the twelfth month, on the day xinchou, the Zhou emperor returned to Chang'an.
32
丙申，大赦。
On the day bingshen the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
33
章昭達進軍度嶺，趣建安，討陳寶應，詔益州刺史余孝頃督會稽、東陽、臨海、永嘉諸軍自東道會之。
Zhang Zhaoda marched over the ridge toward Jian'an to subdue Chen Baoying. An edict ordered Yu Xiaoling, governor of Yizhou, to command the forces of Kuaiji, Dongyang, Linhai, and Yongjia along the eastern route to link up with him.
34
是歲，初祭始興昭烈王於建康，用天子禮。
That year Chen performed for the first time in Jiankang the imperial rites of sacrifice to Prince Zhaolie of Shixing.
35
周楊忠拔齊二十餘城。 齊人守陘嶺之隘，忠擊破之。 突厥木桿、地頭、步離三可汗以十萬騎會之。 己丑，自恆州三道俱入。 時大雪數旬，南北千餘里，平地數尺。 齊主自鄴倍道赴之，戊午，至晉陽。 斛律光將步騎三萬屯平陽。 己未，周師及突厥逼晉陽。 齊主畏其強，戎服率宮人東走，欲避之。 趙郡王睿、河間王孝琬叩馬諫。 孝琬請委睿部分，必得嚴整。 帝從之，命六軍進止皆取睿節度，而使并州刺史段韶總之。
Northern Zhou's Yang Zhong took more than twenty Qi cities. Qi troops held the Yinling pass, but Yang Zhong broke through. The Türk khans Mughan, Titou, and Buli joined him with a hundred thousand horsemen. On the day jichou all three columns advanced from Hengzhou at once. Snow fell for weeks on end, blanketing more than a thousand li north to south to a depth of several feet on the open plain. The Qi emperor rushed from Ye by forced marches and on the day wuwu reached Jinyang. Hulü Guang camped at Pingyang with thirty thousand foot and horse. On the day jiwei the Zhou army and the Türks closed on Jinyang. Terrified by their strength, the Qi emperor donned armor and fled east with his palace women to escape them. Prince Rui of Zhao Commandery and Prince Xiaowan of Hejian seized his horse's bridle and pleaded with him to stay. Xiaowan urged the emperor to place Rui's troops under his command, promising that he could restore discipline. The emperor agreed, placing all six armies under Rui's tactical command while appointing Duan Shao, governor of Bingzhou, as supreme commander.
36
春，正月，庚申朔，齊主登北城，軍容甚整。 突厥咎周人曰：「爾言齊亂，故來伐之。 今齊人眼中亦有鐵，何可當耶！」
In spring, on the new moon of the first month, the day gengshen, the Qi emperor mounted the north wall of Jinyang. His troops stood in impeccable order. The Türks reproached the Zhou envoys: "You told us Qi was in chaos, and that is why we came to fight. Now we see iron in the eyes of the Qi soldiers. Who could stand against them!"
37
周人以步卒為前鋒，從西山下去城二里許。 諸將鹹欲逆擊之，段韶曰：「步卒力勢，自當有限。 今積雪既厚，逆戰非便，不如陳以待之。 彼勞我逸，破之必矣。」 既至，齊悉其銳兵鼓噪而出。 突厥震駭，引上西山，不肯戰，周師大敗而還。 突厥引兵出塞，縱兵大掠，自晉陽以往七百餘里，人畜無遺。 段韶追之，不敢逼。 突厥還至陘嶺，凍滑，乃輔氈以度。 胡馬寒瘦，膝已下皆無毛，比至長城，馬死且盡，截槊杖之以歸。
The Zhou army sent its infantry forward, descending the western hills to within about two li of the walls. Every commander wanted to counterattack, but Duan Shao said, "Foot soldiers can only push so hard. The snow is deep, and a meeting engagement would be awkward. Better to hold our formation and let them come. They will be weary and we fresh. We are sure to crush them." When the Zhou vanguard arrived, Qi threw its finest troops into the field with thunderous drums and war cries. Terrified, the Türks retreated up West Mountain and refused to give battle. The Zhou army was routed and withdrew. The Türks withdrew beyond the frontier and unleashed wholesale pillage. For seven hundred li and more west of Jinyang, they left no person or animal alive. Duan Shao gave chase but dared not close with them. On the return to Xing Ridge the ice was treacherous with frost, so they laid felt to cross it. Their horses, wasted by cold, were hairless to the knee. By the time they reached the Great Wall nearly all the horses were dead; they cut spear-shafts for staffs and limped home.
38
達奚武至平陽，未知忠退。 斛律光與書曰：「鴻鵠已翔於寥廓，羅者猶視於沮澤。」 武得書，亦還。 光逐之，入周境，獲二千餘口而還。
Daxi Wu marched to Pingyang, unaware that Yang Zhong had already pulled back. Hulü Guang sent him a letter: "The wild swan has already risen into the open sky, yet the fowler still watches the bog." When Wu received the letter, he too withdrew. Guang pursued him into Zhou territory, took more than two thousand captives, and returned.
39
光見帝於晉陽，帝以新遭大寇，抱光頭而哭。 任城王湝進曰：「何至於此！」 乃止。
When Guang came before the emperor at Jinyang, the emperor—fresh from a devastating raid—clasped Guang's head and wept. Prince Rencheng Hui advanced and said, "Surely it need not come to this!" With that the emperor ceased.
40
初，齊顯祖之世，周人常懼齊兵西度，每至冬月，守河椎冰。 及世祖即位，嬖倖用事，朝政漸紊，齊人椎冰以備周兵之逼。 斛律光憂之，曰：「國家常有吞關、隴之志，今日至此，而唯玩聲色乎！」
In the time of Emperor Wenxuan of Qi, the Zhou constantly feared a Qi thrust across the river. Every winter they posted guards to break up the ice. When Emperor Wucheng came to the throne, minions ran the government and the court fell into disorder; now it was the Qi who broke the ice, lest Zhou armies press upon them. Hulü Guang was troubled and said, "Our state has always hungered to seize the passes and Long—yet you have brought us to this pass and only dally with music and women!"
41
辛巳，上祀北郊。
On the day xinyi the emperor offered sacrifice at the Northern Suburban Altar.
42
二月，庚寅朔，日有食之。
In the second month, on the new moon of gengyin, the sun was eclipsed.
43
初，齊顯祖命群官刊定魏《麟趾格》為《齊律》，久而不成。 時軍國多事，決獄罕依律文，相承謂之「變法從事」。 世祖即位，思革其弊，乃督修律令者，至是而成，《律》十二篇，《令》四十卷。 其刑名有五：一曰死，重者轘之，次梟首，次斬，次絞； 二曰流，投邊裔為兵； 三曰刑，自五歲至一歲； 四曰鞭，自百至四十； 五曰杖，自三十至十； 凡十五等。 其流內官及老、小、閹、癡並過失應贖者，皆以絹代金。 三月，辛酉，班行之，因大赦。 是後為吏者始守法令。 又敕仕門子弟常講習之，故齊人多曉法。
Earlier, Emperor Wenxuan had ordered his officials to adapt the Northern Wei "Linzhi Code" into the Qi statutes, but the work dragged on unfinished. With endless military and civil crises, judges seldom looked to the written law; by custom they spoke of "changing the law to suit the case." Emperor Wucheng, wishing to end the abuse, pressed the drafters until at last the code was done: twelve chapters of statutes and forty scrolls of ordinances. Five classes of punishment were named: death—severe cases by crushing in a wheel, then exposure of the head, then beheading, then strangulation; exile—banishment to the frontier as soldiery; forced labor—from five years down to one; flogging—from one hundred strokes down to forty; beating with the rod—from thirty down to ten; fifteen grades in all. Exiles, palace officials, the aged, the young, eunuchs, the feeble-minded, and offenders who might redeem their guilt all paid in silk instead of cash. In the third month, on xinyou, the code was promulgated and a general amnesty declared. Only then did magistrates begin to govern by the written law. He further commanded that sons of the official class study the code regularly, so that many in Qi came to know the law.
44
又令民十八受田輸租調，二十充兵，六十免力役，六十六還田，免租調。 一夫受露田八十畝，婦人四十畝，奴婢依良人，牛受六十畝。 大率一夫一婦調絹一匹，綿八兩，墾租二石，義租五斗； 奴婢准良人之半； 牛調二尺，墾租一鬥，義租五升。 墾租送台，義租送郡以備水旱。
He also decreed: at eighteen one received land and paid rent and levies; at twenty one entered military service; at sixty one was freed from corvée; at sixty-six one surrendered the land and was exempt from rent and levies. Each adult male took eighty mu of open-field; a woman forty; slaves and servants followed the quota for commoners; an ox sixty. As a rule a household of one man and one woman paid one bolt of silk in levy, eight ounces of cotton, two dan of field rent, and five dou of charity grain; slaves and servants at half that rate; an ox: two chi of silk in levy, one dou of field rent, five sheng of charity grain. Field rent went to the capital; charity grain to the commandery as a reserve against flood and drought.
45
己巳，齊群盜田子禮等數十人，共劫太師彭城景思王浟為主，詐稱使者，逕向浟第，至內室，稱敕，牽浟上馬，臨以白刃，欲引向南殿，浟大呼不從，盜殺之。
On jisi several dozen Qi bandits led by Tian Zili seized the Grand Preceptor, Prince Jingsi of Pengcheng, Wang You, as their figurehead. Posing as imperial envoys, they went straight to You's mansion, entered the inner quarters, proclaimed an edict, and forced him onto a horse at sword-point, intending to march him to the Southern Hall. You cried out and refused; the robbers killed him.
46
庚辰，周初令百官執笏。
On gengchen Zhou first required all officials to carry court tablets.
47
齊以斛律光為司徒，武興王普為尚書左僕射。 普，歸彥之兄子也。 甲申，以馮翊王潤為司空。
Qi appointed Hulü Guang Minister over the Masses and Prince Wuxing Pu Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Pu was a nephew of Guiyan on his elder brother's side. On jiashen Prince Fengyi Run was made Minister of Works.
48
夏，四月，辛卯，齊主使兼散騎常侍皇甫亮來聘。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinmao the Qi emperor sent the concurrent Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary Huangfu Liang on a diplomatic mission.
49
庚子，周主遣使來聘。
On gengzi the Zhou emperor sent envoys in return.
50
癸卯，周以鄧公河南竇熾為大宗伯。 五月，壬戌，封世宗之子賢為畢公。
On guimao Zhou appointed Duke of Deng, Dou Chi of Henan, Grand Master of Lineage. In the fifth month, on renxu, they enfeoffed the heir apparent's son Xian as Duke of Bi.
51
甲子，齊主還鄴。
On jiazi the Qi emperor returned to Ye.
52
壬午，齊以趙郡王睿為錄尚書事，前司徒婁睿為太尉。 甲申，以段韶為太師。 丁亥，以任城王湝為大將軍。
On renwu Qi made Prince Zhao Rui Recorder of the Masters of Writing and the former Minister over the Masses Lou Rui Grand Marshal. On jiashen Duan Shao was made Grand Preceptor. On dinghai Prince Rencheng Hui was made Grand General.
53
壬辰，齊主如晉陽。
On renchen the Qi emperor went to Jinyang.
54
周以太保達奚武為同州刺史。
Zhou appointed Grand Tutor Daxi Wu governor of Tong Province.
55
六月，齊主殺樂陵王百年。 時白虹圍日再重，又橫貫而不達，赤星見，齊主欲以百年厭之。 會博陵人賈德冑教百年書，百年嘗作數敕字，德冑封以奏之。 帝發怒，使召百年。 百年自知不免，割帶□夬留與其妃斛律氏，見帝於涼風堂。 使百年書敕字，驗與德冑所奏相似，遣左右亂捶之，又令曳之繞堂行且捶，所過血皆遍地，氣息將盡，乃斬之，棄諸池，池水盡赤。 妃把□夬哀號不食，月餘亦卒，□夬猶在手，拳不可開； 其父光自擘之，乃開。
In the sixth month the Qi emperor executed Prince Leling, Wang Bainen. A double white halo ringed the sun, and a horizontal streak cut across without closing; a red star appeared. The emperor meant to offer up Bainen to appease Heaven. Jia Dezhou of Boling had been teaching Bainen to write. Bainen once copied several characters of an edict; Dezhou sealed the sheet and reported it. The emperor was furious and summoned Bainen. Knowing he could not escape, Bainen cut his belt and jade ring and left them for his consort, Lady Hulü, then presented himself in the Cool Wind Hall. He made Bainen write the edict characters; the hand matched Dezhou's report. Attendants beat him at will, then dragged him around the hall, striking as they went until the floor ran with blood. When he was nearly dead they beheaded him and threw the body into a pool until the water was all red. The consort clutched the jade ring, wailed, and refused food; after more than a month she died too, the ring still in her fist, which would not open; her father Guang pried the fingers apart himself before it would yield.
56
庚寅，周改御伯為納言。
On gengyin Zhou renamed the Director of Attendants the Intendant of Speech.
57
初，周太祖之從賀拔岳在關中也，遣人迎晉公護於晉陽。 護母閻氏及周主之姑皆留晉陽，齊人以配中山宮。 及護用事，遣間使入齊求之，莫知音息。 齊遣使者至玉壁，求通互市。 護欲訪求母、姑，使司馬下大夫尹公正至玉壁，與之言，使者甚悅。 勳州刺史韋孝寬獲關東人，復縱之，因致書為言西朝欲通好之意。 是時，周人以前攻晉陽不得志，謀與突厥再伐齊。 齊主聞之，大懼，許遣護母西歸，且求通好，先遣其姑歸。
When the Zhou founder Yuwen Tai followed Heba Yue in the Guanzhong region, he sent men to bring Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu from Jinyang. Hu's mother Lady Yan and the Zhou emperor's aunt were left behind in Jinyang and assigned by Qi to the Zhongshan Palace. Once Hu held power he sent secret agents into Qi to find them, but heard nothing. Qi sent envoys to Yubi to propose border trade. Hu wished to learn news of his mother and aunt and sent Acting Lower Grand Master of the Secretariat Yin Gongzheng to Yubi to parley; the Qi envoys were delighted. Xun Province governor Wei Xiaokuan captured easterners, then released them with a letter expressing the Western court's wish for peace. The Zhou, frustrated in their earlier assault on Jinyang, now plotted with the Türks for a second invasion of Qi. The Qi emperor was terrified, agreed to send Hu's mother west, and sued for peace, returning the aunt first.
58
秋，八月，丁亥朔，日有食之。
In autumn, the eighth month, on the new moon of dinghai, the sun was eclipsed.
59
周遣柱國楊忠將兵，會突厥伐齊，至北河而還。
Zhou sent the pillar of state Yang Zhong with an army to join the Türks against Qi; they reached the North River and turned back.
60
戊子，周以齊公憲為雍州牧，宇文貴為大司徒。 九月，丁巳，以衛公直為大司馬。 追錄佐命元功，封開府儀同三司隴西公李昺為唐公，太馭中大夫長樂公若干鳳為徐公。 昺，虎之子； 鳳，惠之子也。
On wuzi Zhou made Duke Qi Xian governor of Yong Province and Yuwen Gui Grand Minister over the Masses. In the ninth month, on dingsi, Duke Wei Zhi was made Grand Marshal. Meritorious founders were honored posthumously: Li Bing of Longxi, Defender of the Palace with credentials equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, was enfeoffed Duke of Tang; Qianyu Feng of Changle, Grand Driver of the Center, was enfeoffed Duke of Xu. Bing was the son of Li Hu the Tiger; Feng was the son of Qianyu Hui.
61
乙丑，齊主封其子綽為南陽王，儼為東平王。 儼，太子之母弟也。
On yichou the Qi emperor enfeoffed his sons Chuo as Prince of Nanyang and Yan as Prince of Dongping. Yan was the crown prince's younger uterine brother.
62
突厥寇齊幽州，眾十餘萬，入長城，大掠而還。
More than a hundred thousand Türks raided Qi's You Province, broke through the Great Wall, plundered heavily, and withdrew.
63
周皇姑之歸也，齊主遣人為晉公護母作書，言護幼時數事，又寄其所著錦袍，以為信驗。 且曰：「吾屬千載之運，逢大齊之德，矜老開恩，許得相見。 禽善草木，母子相依。 吾有可罪，與汝分離！ 今復何福，還望見汝！ 言此悲喜，死而更蘇。 世間所有，求皆可得，母子異國，何處可求！ 假汝貴極王公，富過山海，有一老母，八十之年，飄然千里，死亡旦夕，不得一朝暫見，不得一日同處，寒不得汝衣，饑不得汝食。 汝雖窮榮極盛，光耀世間，於吾何益！ 吾今日之前，汝既不得申其供養，事往何論； 今日以後，吾之殘命，唯繫於汝爾。 戴天履地，中有鬼神，勿雲冥昧，而可欺負！」
When the Zhou emperor's aunt returned west, the Qi court drafted a letter for Duke of Jin Hu's mother, recalling episodes from his boyhood, and sent the brocade robe she had woven as proof. It read: "By a thousand-year fate we have met the great kindness of Great Qi; in pity for an old woman grace was opened and reunion permitted. Birds and beasts cherish their thickets; mother and child lean on one another. I had sins enough to be torn from you! What fortune is left that I may yet look on your face! To speak these words is both sorrow and joy, as though one died and woke again. All that the world holds may be sought and found—yet mother and son in rival realms, where shall we seek each other? Suppose you rose to the highest rank, wealth vaster than mountains and seas—still there is one old mother, eighty years old, adrift a thousand li, death at any dawn, unable to see you for a single morning or share a single day: in cold she has not your coat; in hunger she has not your food. Though you shine with glory across the world, what good is it to me? Before today you could not care for me—let the past go; from today my frail life hangs on you alone. Heaven above and earth below hold spirits; do not think the unseen may be cheated!"
64
護得書，悲不自勝。 復書曰：「區宇分崩，遭遇災禍，違離膝下，三十五年。 受形稟氣，皆知母子，誰同薩保，如此不教！ 子為公侯，母為俘隸，暑不見母暑，寒不見母寒，衣不知有無，食不知饑飽，泯如天地之外，無由暫聞。 分懷冤酷，終此一生，死若有知，冀奉見於泉下耳！ 不謂齊朝解網，惠以德音，磨敦、四姑，並話矜放。 初聞此旨，魂爽飛霸佔，號天叩地，不能自勝。 齊朝霈然之恩，既已沾洽，有家有國，信義為本，伏度來期，已應有日。 一得奉見慈顏，永畢生願。 生死肉骨，豈過今恩； 負山載岳，未足勝荷。」
Hu read the letter and was overcome with grief. He answered: "The realm shattered; disaster struck; for thirty-five years I have been far from your knee. All who draw breath know mother and child—who but a Sogdian chief would fail to teach his own? I am duke and marquis while you are captive and slave; in summer I cannot know your summer, in winter your winter; I know neither whether you have clothes nor whether you eat—lost beyond heaven and earth, with no word from you. I nurse this cruel wrong to the end of my days; if the dead have knowing, I pray only to serve you in the shades. I never thought Qi would loosen the net and speak mercy—Modun and Fourth Aunt were both said to be freed. At the first word my soul seemed to fly; I cried to heaven and struck the earth, beyond restraint. Qi's sweeping grace has already touched us; for home and realm, faith is the root. I bow and trust the day of your return cannot be far. To see your face even once would fulfill my dearest wish in life. To restore the dead to flesh and the living to bone—no kindness could exceed this; Bearing mountains and carrying ridges would still fall short of what I owe."
65
齊人留護母，使更與護書，邀護重報，往返再三。 時段韶拒突厥軍於塞下，齊主遣黃門徐世榮乘傳繼周書問韶。 韶以「周人反覆，本無信義，比晉陽之役，其事可知。 護外托為相，其實主也。 既為母請和，不遣一介之使。 若據移書，即送其母，恐示之以弱。 不如且外許之，待和親堅定，然後遣之未晚。」 齊主不聽，即遣之。
Qi held Hu's mother and had her write to him again and again, pressing him for fuller replies until the exchange had gone back and forth many times. Duan Shao was then holding the Turks at bay on the frontier, and the Qi ruler sent Attendant Xu Shirong post-haste with Zhou's letters to ask Shao's counsel. Shao replied, "The Zhou are treacherous and faithless by nature; the Jin-yang campaign showed what they are capable of. Hu poses as minister while he is really the power behind the throne. Though he pleads for peace for his mother's sake, he has not sent a single envoy. If we return his mother at once on their written demand, we will only show weakness. Better to promise them outwardly for now and send her only after the alliance is secure—that will not be too late." The Qi ruler would not listen and sent her at once.
66
閻氏至周，舉朝稱慶，周主為之大赦。 凡所資奉，窮極華盛。 每四時伏臘，周主帥諸親戚行家人之禮，稱觴上壽。 突厥自幽州還，留屯塞北，更集諸部兵，遣使告周，欲與共擊齊如前約。 閏月，乙巳，突厥寇齊幽州。
When Lady Yan reached Zhou the whole court rejoiced, and the Zhou emperor proclaimed a general amnesty. Everything provided for her was as lavish as could be. At each seasonal festival the Zhou ruler led the royal kindred in family rites, raising cups to toast her long life. The Turks withdrew from Youzhou, camped north of the frontier, mustered tribal forces again, and sent envoys to Zhou offering a joint attack on Qi as previously agreed. On yisi in the intercalary month the Turks raided Qi's Youzhou.
67
晉公護新得其母，未欲伐齊； 又恐負突厥約，更生邊患，不得已，征二十四軍及左右廂散隸秦、隴、巴、蜀之兵並羌、胡內附者，凡二十萬人。 冬，十月，甲子，周主授護斧鉞於廟庭； 丁卯，親勞軍於沙苑； 癸酉，還官。
Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu had only just recovered his mother and had no wish to attack Qi; Yet he feared breaking faith with the Turks and inviting fresh border trouble, so against his will he mobilized the twenty-four armies, the scattered forces of Qin, Long, Ba, and Shu, and submitted Qiang and Hu tribesmen—two hundred thousand men in all. In winter, the tenth month, on jiazi the Zhou emperor invested Hu with the axe and yue at the ancestral temple; On dingmao he personally reviewed the troops at Shayuan; On guiyou he returned to the capital.
68
護軍至潼關，遣柱國尉遲迥帥精兵十萬為前鋒，趣洛陽，大將軍權景宣帥山南之兵趣懸瓠，少師楊檦出軹關。
When Hu's army reached Tong Pass he sent Pillar of State Yuchi Jiong forward with one hundred thousand elite troops toward Luoyang, Grand General Quan Jingxuan with the southern forces toward Xuanhu, and Junior Preceptor Yang Biao through Zhi Pass.
69
周迪復出東興，宣城太守錢肅鎮東興，以城降迪。 吳州刺史陳詳將兵擊之，詳兵大敗，迪眾復振。
Zhou Di rose again from Dongxing; Xuancheng governor Qian Su, who held Dongxing, surrendered the city to him. Wuzhou governor Chen Xiang attacked him but was routed, and Di's forces rallied anew.
70
南豫州刺史西豐脫侯周敷帥所部擊之，至定川，與迪對壘。 迪紿敷曰：「吾昔與弟戮力同心，豈規相害！ 今願伏罪還朝，因弟披露心腑，先乞挺身共盟。」 敷許之，方登壇，為迪所殺。
Southern Yuzhou governor Zhou Fu of Xifeng led his troops against him and at Dingchuan pitched camp opposite Di. Di deceived Fu, saying, "We once fought side by side with one heart—how could I mean to harm you! Now I wish to surrender and return to court; through you, brother, I would lay bare my heart—let me first step forward and swear the pact with you." Fu agreed; but as he mounted the altar Di killed him.
71
陳寶應據建安、晉安二郡，水陸為柵，以拒章昭達。 昭達與戰，不利，因據上流，命軍士伐木為筏，施拍其上。 會大雨江漲，昭達放筏沖寶應水柵，盡壞之，又出兵攻其步軍。 方合戰，上遣將軍余孝頃自海道適至，並力乘之。 十一月，己丑，寶應大敗，逃至莆口，謂其子曰：「早從虞公計，不至今日。」 昭達追擒之，並擒留異及其族黨。 送建康，斬之。 異子貞臣以尚主得免，寶應賓客皆死。
Chen Baoying held Jian'an and Jin'an and threw up land and water barriers against Zhang Zhaoda. Zhaoda met him in battle without success, then took the upstream position and had his men cut timber into rafts fitted with battering rams. Heavy rains swelled the river; Zhaoda sent the rafts downstream to smash Baoying's water barriers and also attacked his infantry. As battle was joined the emperor's general Yu Xiaoping arrived by sea in the nick of time, and they pressed the attack together. On jichou in the eleventh month Baoying was routed and fled to Pukou, telling his son, "Had we heeded Master Yu's counsel sooner, we would not be here today." Zhaoda overtook and seized him, together with Liu Yi and his kin and followers. They were sent to Jiankang and executed. Yi's son Zhenchen was spared because he had married a princess; all of Baoying's clients were put to death.
72
上聞虞寄嘗諫寶應，命昭達禮遣詣建康。 既見，勞之曰：「管寧無羌？」 以為衡陽王掌書記。
Learning that Yu Ji had once counseled Baoying against rebellion, the emperor ordered Zhaoda to escort him respectfully to Jiankang. When they met the emperor greeted him, saying, "All well with you, Guan Ning?" He was appointed secretary to the Prince of Hengyang.
73
周晉公護進屯弘農。 甲午，尉遲迥洛陽，雍州牧齊公憲、同州刺史達奚武、漢州總管王雄軍於邙山。
Yuwen Hu advanced and encamped at Hongnong. On jiawu Yuchi Jiong reached Luoyang; Duke of Qi Yuwen Xian, Tongzhou governor Daxi Wu, and Hanzhou commander Wang Xiong drew up on Mount Mang.
74
戊戌，齊主使兼散騎常侍劉逖來聘。
On wuxu the Qi ruler sent Concurrent Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry Liu Ti on a diplomatic mission.
75
初，周楊檦為邵州刺史，鎮捍東境二十餘年，數與齊戰，未嘗不捷，由是輕之。 既出軹關，獨引兵深入，又不設備。 甲辰，齊太尉婁睿將兵奄至，大破□剽軍，檦遂降齊。
Earlier Yang Biao of Zhou had been Shaozhou governor, holding the eastern frontier for more than twenty years and never losing a fight with Qi, and so he grew contemptuous of them. After marching out through Zhi Pass he pushed deep alone without taking precautions. On jiachen Qi's grand commandant Lou Rui fell on him suddenly and routed Yang Biao's army, and Biao surrendered to Qi.
76
權景宣圍懸瓠，十二月，齊豫州道行台、豫州刺史太原王士良、永州刺史蕭世怡並以城降之。 景宣使開府郭彥守豫州，謝徹守永州，送士良、世怡及降卒千人於長安。
Quan Jingxuan besieged Xuanhu; in the twelfth month Qi's route commander for Yuzhou, Yuzhou governor Wang Shiliang of Taiyuan, and Yongzhou governor Xiao Shiyi all surrendered their cities. Jingxuan left Guo Yan to hold Yuzhou and Xie Che Yongzhou, and sent Shiliang, Shiyi, and a thousand surrendered troops to Chang'an.
77
周人為土山、地道以攻洛陽，三旬不克。 晉公護命諸將塹斷河陽路，遏齊救兵，然後同攻洛陽； 諸將以為齊兵必不敢出，唯張斥候而已。
The Zhou raised earthworks and dug tunnels against Luoyang but failed to take it in thirty days. Yuwen Hu ordered his generals to trench and block the Heyang road to stop Qi relief, then attack Luoyang together; but the generals assumed Qi would never dare sally out and only posted scouts.
78
齊遣蘭陵王長恭、大將軍斛律光救洛陽，畏周兵之強，未敢進。 齊主召并州刺史段韶，謂曰：「洛陽危急，今欲遣王救之。 突厥在北，復須鎮御，如何？」 對曰：「北虜侵邊，事等疥癬。 今西鄰窺逼，乃腹心之病，請奉詔南行。」 齊主曰：「朕意亦爾。」 乃令韶督精騎一千發晉陽。 丁巳，齊主亦自晉陽赴洛陽。
Qi sent Prince Lanling Gao Changgong and grand general Hulü Guang to relieve Luoyang, but they feared the Zhou host and dared not advance. The Qi ruler summoned Bingzhou governor Duan Shao and said, "Luoyang is in peril and I mean to send you to save it. The Turks are in the north and still need guarding—what then?" He answered, "Northern raids are a mere scab on the skin. The western foe at our vitals is the mortal sickness; I beg leave to march south on your command." The Qi ruler said, "My mind is the same." He then ordered Shao to take one thousand elite horsemen from Jinyang. On dingsi the Qi ruler himself set out from Jinyang for Luoyang.
79
己未，齊太宰平原靖翼王淹卒。
On jiwei Qi's grand mentor, Prince Jingyi of Pingyuan Gao Yan, died.
80
段韶自晉陽，行五日濟河，會連日陰霧，壬戌，韶至洛陽，帥帳下三百騎，與諸將登邙阪，觀周軍形勢。 至太和谷，與周軍遇，韶即馳告諸營，追集騎士，結陳以待之。 韶為左軍，蘭陵王長恭為中軍，鈄律光為右軍。 周人不意其至，皆恟懼。 韶遙謂周人曰：「汝宇文護才得其母，遽來為寇，何也？」 周人曰：「天遣我來，有何可問！」 韶曰：「天道賞善罰惡，當遣汝送死來耳！」
Duan Shao left Jinyang, crossed the river after five days' march through days of fog, and on renxu reached Luoyang; with three hundred household troops and the other commanders he climbed the Mang slopes to survey the Zhou positions. At Taihe Valley they met the Zhou army; Shao galloped to the camps, rallied the cavalry, and formed line to receive them. Shao took the left, Prince Lanling the center, and Hulü Guang the right. The Zhou had not expected them and were thrown into panic. Shao shouted to the Zhou, "You there—Yuwen Hu has only just got his mother back, yet you hurry here to raid—why?" The Zhou answered, "Heaven sent us—what is there to ask!" Shao retorted, "Heaven rewards the good and punishes the wicked—it should have sent you here to die!"
81
周人以步兵在前，上山逆戰。 韶且戰且卻以誘之； 待其力弊，然後下馬擊之。 周師大敗，一時瓦解，投墜溪谷死者甚眾。
The Zhou put their infantry in front and climbed the hill to fight. Shao fought while falling back to lure them on; and when their strength failed he dismounted and counterattacked. The Zhou army was shattered at once; multitudes fell into streams and ravines and died.
82
蘭陵王長恭以五百騎突入周軍，遂至金墉城下。 城上人弗識，長恭免冑示之面，乃下弩手救之。 周師在城下者亦解圍遁去，委棄營幕，自邙山至穀水，三十里中，軍資器械，彌滿川澤。 唯齊公憲、達奚武及庸忠公王雄在後，勒兵拒戰。
Prince Lanling broke into the Zhou lines with five hundred horsemen and reached the walls of Jinyong. The defenders did not know him until he removed his helmet and showed his face; then they sent crossbowmen down to cover him. The Zhou below the walls also broke off and fled, abandoning camps; for thirty li from Mount Mang to the Gu River arms and supplies choked the streams. Only Duke of Qi Yuwen Xian, Daxi Wu, and Loyal Duke Wang Xiong held the rear and tried to fight a rearguard action.
83
王雄馳馬沖斛律光陳，光退走，雄追之。 光左右皆散，唯餘一奴一矢。 雄按槊不及光者丈餘，謂光曰：「吾惜爾不殺，當生將爾見天子。」 光射雄中額，雄抱馬走，至營而卒。 軍中益懼。
Wang Xiong charged Hulü Guang's line at a gallop; Guang fell back and Xiong pursued. Guang's escort scattered until only one servant and one arrow were left. Xiong's lance fell more than ten feet short of Guang; he cried, "I spare you—I mean to take you alive before the emperor." Guang shot him in the forehead; Xiong clung to his horse, reached camp, and died. Panic spread through the army.
84
齊公憲拊循督勵，眾心小安。 至夜，收軍，憲欲待明更戰。 達奚武曰：「洛陽軍散，人情震駭，若不因夜速還，明日欲歸不得。 武在軍久，備見形勢； 公少年未經事，豈可以數營士卒委之虎口乎！」 乃還。 權景宣亦棄豫州走。
Yuwen Xian rallied and encouraged the men, and morale steadied a little. At night they regrouped; Xian meant to renew the fight at dawn. Daxi Wu said, "The Luoyang force is broken and the men are terrified; if we do not withdraw tonight, tomorrow we may not get away at all. I have been long in the field and know how these moments turn; you are young and untested—will you leave thousands of men in the tiger's jaws?" They withdrew. Quan Jingxuan also abandoned Yuzhou and fled.
85
丁卯，齊主至洛陽。 己巳，以段韶為太宰，斛律光為太尉，蘭陵王長恭為尚書令。 壬申，齊主如虎牢，遂自滑台如黎陽，丙子，至鄴。
On dingmao the Qi ruler reached Luoyang. On jisi he appointed Duan Shao grand mentor, Hulü Guang grand commandant, and Prince Lanling director of the Masters of Writing. On renshen the Qi ruler went to Hulao, then from Huatai to Liyang, and on bingzi reached Ye.
86
楊忠引兵出沃野，應接突厥，軍糧不給，諸軍憂之，計無所出。 忠乃招誘稽胡酋長鹹在坐，詐使河州刺史王傑勒兵鳴鼓而至，曰：「大塚宰已平洛陽，欲與突厥共討稽胡之不服者。」 坐者皆懼，忠慰諭而遣之。 於是諸胡相帥饋輸，車糧填積。 屬周師罷歸，忠亦還。
Yang Zhong marched from Woye to support the Turks, but supplies ran out and the troops despaired with no remedy in sight. Zhong then summoned the Ji Hu chiefs who were present and staged a ruse, having Hezhou governor Wang Jie march in with drums beating, and announced, "The grand minister of works has taken Luoyang and means to join the Turks in punishing disobedient Ji Hu." The chiefs were terrified; Zhong soothed them and sent them off. Thereafter the tribes brought supplies in succession until carts and grain piled high. When the Zhou army withdrew, Zhong withdrew as well.
87
晉公護本無將略，是行也，又非本心，故無功，與諸將稽首謝罪。 周主慰勞罷之。
Yuwen Hu had little gift for command and had undertaken the campaign unwillingly, so he gained nothing; he and his generals bowed and asked pardon. The Zhou emperor comforted them and let the matter drop.
88
是歲，齊山東大水，饑死者不可勝計。
That year great floods struck eastern Qi and the dead from famine were beyond counting.
89
宕昌王梁彌定屢寇周邊，周大將軍田弘討滅之，以其地置宕州。
Dangchang king Liang Miding raided the Zhou frontier repeatedly; Zhou grand general Tian Hong destroyed him and established Dangzhou on his lands.
90
春，正月，癸卯，齊以任城王湝為大司馬。 齊主如晉陽。
In spring, during the first month, on guimao Northern Qi appointed Prince Xie of Rencheng as Grand Marshal. The Qi emperor traveled to Jinyang.
91
二月，辛丑，周遣陳公純、許公貴、神武公竇毅、南陽公楊薦等備皇后儀衛行殿，並六宮百二十人，詣突厥可汗牙帳逆女。 毅，熾之兄子也。
In the second month, on xinchou, Northern Zhou dispatched Duke Chun of Chen, Duke Gui of Xu, Duke Shenwu Dou Yi, Duke Jian of Nanyang Yang, and others with the empress's full ceremonial escort, a mobile palace, and one hundred twenty women of the inner quarters to the Turk khan's encampment to receive the bride. Dou Yi was a nephew of Dou Chi.
92
丙寅，周以柱國安武公李穆為大司空，綏德公陸通為大司寇。
On bingyin Zhou appointed pillar of state Duke Anwu Li Mu as Grand Minister of Works and Duke of Suide Lu Tong as Grand Minister of Justice.
93
壬申，周主如岐州。
On renshen the Zhou emperor went to Qizhou.
94
夏，四月，甲寅，以安成王頊為司空。
In summer, during the fourth month, on jiayin Chen appointed Prince Xu of Ancheng as Minister of Works.
95
頊以帝弟之重，勢傾朝野。 直兵鮑僧睿，恃頊勢為不法，御史中丞徐陵為奏彈之，從南台官屬引奏案而入。 上見陵章服嚴肅，為斂容正坐。 陵進讀奏版，時頊在殿上侍立，仰視上，流汗失色，陵遣殿中御史引頊下殿。 上為之免頊侍中、中書監，朝廷肅然。
As the emperor's brother, Xu wielded power that overshadowed the entire court. Straight Troop Bao Senrui abused his position under Xu's patronage; Censor-in-Chief Xu Ling drafted an impeachment and entered with Southern Tribunal staff bearing the memorial case. Seeing Xu Ling's grave bearing and formal dress, the emperor composed himself and sat upright. Xu Ling stepped forward and read the memorial aloud; Xu, who had been standing attendance in the hall, looked up at the throne, pale and sweating; Xu Ling had a palace censor escort him from the hall. The emperor stripped Xu of his posts as Attendant-in-Ordinary and Director of the Palace Secretariat, and the court was awed into order.
96
丙午，齊大將軍東安王婁睿坐事免。
On bingwu Northern Qi dismissed Grand General Prince Lou Rui of Dong'an for misconduct.
97
齊著作郎祖珽，有文學，多技藝，而疏率無行。 嘗為高祖中外府功曹，因宴失金叵羅，於珽髻上得之； 又坐詐盜官粟三千石，鞭二百，配甲坊。 顯祖時，珽為秘書丞，盜《華林遍略》，及有它贓，當絞，除名為民。 顯祖雖憎其數犯法，而愛其才伎，令直中書省。
Zu Ting, Gentleman of Composition in Qi, was learned and skilled in many arts, but coarse and unprincipled. He had once been a clerk in the central and outer office under Gao Huan; at a banquet a gold wine bowl went missing and was found tucked in Ting's hair; he was later convicted of embezzling three thousand piculs of government grain, flogged two hundred strokes, and sent to the armorer's workshop. Under Emperor Xianzu he served as deputy director of the secretariat, stole the 《Compendium of the Flourishing Grove》, and committed other thefts; though liable to strangulation, he was merely struck from the rolls and reduced to commoner status. Xianzu despised his repeated crimes yet prized his talents and kept him on direct duty in the Palace Secretariat.
98
世祖為長廣王，珽為胡桃油獻之，因言「殿下有非常骨法。 孝征夢殿下乘龍上天。」 王曰：「若然，當使兄大富貴。」 及即位，擢拜中書侍郎，遷散騎常侍。 與和士開共為奸諂。
While Shizu was still Prince of Changguang, Ting offered him walnut oil and said, "Your Highness bears the bone structure of an extraordinary man. Xiaozheng dreamed that Your Highness rode a dragon into the sky." The prince replied, "If that is so, you ought to make your elder brother rich and honored." After the prince took the throne, Ting was promoted to Gentleman of the Palace Secretariat and then to Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. He and He Shikai practiced deceit and flattery together.
99
珽私說士開曰：「君之寵幸，振古無比。 宮車一日晚駕，欲何以克終？」 士開因從問計。 珽曰：「宜說主上云：『文襄、文宣、孝昭之子，俱不得立，今宜令皇太子早踐大位，以定君臣之分。』 若事成，中宮、少主必皆德君，此萬全之計也。 請君微說主上令粗解，珽當自外上表論之。」 士開許諾。
Ting told Shikai in private, "Your favor is unmatched in all history. When the imperial carriage departs one day, how will you secure your future?" Shikai then asked him for counsel. Ting said, "You should tell the emperor: 'The sons of Wenxiang, Wenxuan, and Xiaozhao were none of them enthroned; the crown prince should now ascend early to fix the order between ruler and subject. If it succeeds, the empress and the young emperor will owe you their gratitude—this is a plan without risk. Please hint at this to the emperor so he grasps the idea; I will submit a memorial from outside to press the case." Shikai agreed.
100
會有慧星見。 太史奏云：「慧，除舊布新之象，當有易主。」 珽於是上書言：「陛下雖為天子，未為極貴，宜傳位東宮，且以上應天道。」 並上魏顯祖禪子故事。 齊主從之。
A comet then appeared. The grand astrologer reported, "A comet signifies sweeping away the old and ushering in the new—there will be a change of ruler." Ting then memorialized, "Your Majesty is Son of Heaven but not yet in the highest fortune; you should abdicate to the Eastern Palace and thereby answer Heaven's mandate." He cited as well Northern Wei's precedent of Emperor Xianzu's abdication to his son. The Qi emperor assented.
101
丙子，使太宰段韶持節奉皇帝璽綬，傳位於太子緯。 太子即皇帝位於晉陽宮，大赦，改元天統。 又詔以太子妃斛律氏為皇后。 於是群公上世祖尊號為太上皇帝，軍國大事鹹以聞。 使黃門侍郎馮子琮、尚書左丞胡長粲輔導少主，出入禁中，專典敷奏。 子琮，胡後之妹夫也。
On bingzi he sent Grand Preceptor Duan Shao with credentials bearing the imperial seal and cord to abdicate in favor of Crown Prince Wei. The crown prince took the throne at the Jinyang palace, proclaimed a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Tiantong. An edict also named Crown Princess Hulu empress. The nobles then honored Shizu as Retired Emperor; all military and civil affairs were to be reported to him. Yellow Gate Gentleman Feng Zigong and Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing Hu Changcan were assigned to guide the young emperor, moving in and out of the inner palace and handling all memorials presented to the throne. Feng Zigong was the husband of Empress Hu's younger sister.
102
祖珽拜秘書監，加儀同三司，大被親寵，見重二宮。 丁丑，齊以賀拔仁為太師，侯莫陳相為太保，馮翊王潤為司徒，趙郡王睿為司空，河南王孝琬為尚書令。 戊寅，以瀛州刺史尉粲為太尉，斛律光為大將軍，東安王婁睿為太尉，尚書僕射趙彥深為左僕射。
Zu Ting was made Director of the Secretariat with the additional rank of Peer of Three Departments; he won extraordinary favor and stood high in both the retired and reigning courts. On dingchou Qi appointed Heba Ren Grand Preceptor, Hou Mo Chen Xiang Grand Guardian, Prince Run of Fengyi as Minister of Education, Prince Rui of Zhao Commandery as Minister of Works, and Prince Xiaowan of Henan as Director of the Masters of Writing. On wuyin Yingzhou governor Wei Can was named Grand Commandant, Hulu Guang Grand General, Prince Lou Rui of Dong'an Grand Commandant, and Vice Director Zhao Yanshen Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
103
五月，突厥遣使至齊，始與齊通。
In the fifth month the Turks sent envoys to Qi, opening relations for the first time.
104
六月，己巳，齊主使兼散騎常侍王季高來聘。
In the sixth month, on jisi, the Qi emperor sent Concurrent Regular Attendant Wang Jigao to Chen on a diplomatic visit.
105
秋，七月，辛巳朔，日有食之。
In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, xinsi, there was a solar eclipse.
106
上遣都督程靈洗自鄱陽別道擊周迪，破之。 迪與麾下十餘人竄於山穴中，日月浸久，從者亦稍苦之。 後遣人潛出臨川市魚鮭，臨川太守駱牙執之，令取迪自效，因使腹心勇士隨之入山。 其人誘迪出獵，勇士伏於道旁，出斬之。 丙戌，傳首至建康。
The emperor sent area commander Cheng Lingxi from Poyang along a side route to attack Zhou Di and defeated him. Di fled into a mountain cave with a dozen followers; as weeks turned into months, even his men began to suffer. He later sent a man secretly to buy fish at Linchuan market; prefect Luo Ya seized the man and made him lead the way to capture Di, sending trusted warriors to follow him into the hills. The man lured Di out on a hunt; the warriors lay in wait along the road and cut him down. On bingxu Di's head was sent to Jiankang.
107
庚寅，周主如秦州； 八月，丙子，還長安。
On gengyin the Zhou emperor went to Qinzhou; in the eighth month, on bingzi, he returned to Chang'an.
108
己卯，立皇子伯固為新安王，伯恭為晉安王，伯仁為廬陵王，伯義為江夏王。
On jimao Chen enfeoffed Prince Bogu as Prince of Xin'an, Bogong as Prince of Jin'an, Boren as Prince of Luling, and Boyi as Prince of Jiangxia.
109
冬，十月，辛亥，周以函谷關城為通洛防，以金州刺史賀若敦為中州刺史，鎮函谷。
In winter, during the tenth month, on xinhai, Zhou made Hangu Pass the Tongluo garrison, appointed Jinzhou governor He Ruo Dun governor of Zhongzhou, and stationed him at Hangu.
110
敦恃才負氣，顧其流輩皆為大將軍，敦獨未得，兼以湘州之役，全軍而返，謂宜受賞，翻得除名，對台使出怨言。 晉公護怒，征還，逼令自殺。 臨死，謂其子弼曰：「吾志平江南，今而不果，汝必成吾志。 吾以舌死，汝不可不思。」 因引錐刺弼舌出血以誡之。
Dun was talented and proud; his peers had all been made grand generals while he alone had not, and though he had brought his army back intact from the Xiangzhou campaign, he was struck from the rolls instead of rewarded and voiced his grievance before the ministry. Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu was enraged, recalled him, and forced him to take his own life. At the point of death he told his son Bi, "I meant to conquer the south; it is not done—you must finish what I began. I die for my tongue—never forget that." He then drove an awl through Bi's tongue until it bled, to sear the lesson home.
111
十一月，癸未，齊太上皇至鄴。
In the eleventh month, on guiwei, the Qi retired emperor reached Ye.
112
齊世祖之為長廣王也，數為顯祖所捶，心常銜之。 顯祖每見祖珽，常呼為賊，故珽亦怨之； 且欲求媚於世祖，乃說世祖曰：「文宣狂暴，何得稱『文』？ 既非創業，何得稱『祖』？ 若文宣為祖，陛下萬歲後當何所稱？」 帝從之。 己丑，改謚獻武皇帝為神武皇帝，廟號高祖，獻明皇后為武明皇后。 令有司更議文宣謚號。
When Shizu of Qi had been Prince of Changguang, Emperor Xianzu had often beaten him, and he had long borne a grudge. Xianzu had always called Zu Ting a thief whenever he saw him, and Ting resented him as well; and wishing to curry favor with Shizu, he urged him, "Wenxuan was violent and brutal—how can the character wen, 'cultured,' apply? He did not found the dynasty—how can he be styled 'Ancestor'? If Wenxuan is made an ancestral temple name, what title will Your Majesty take after you pass?" The emperor agreed. On jichou the posthumous title of Emperor Xianwu was changed to Emperor Shenwu with temple name Gaozu, and Empress Xianming was renamed Empress Wuming. He ordered the authorities to reconsider Wenxuan's posthumous title.
113
十二月，乙卯，封皇子伯禮為武陵王。
In the twelfth month, on yimao, Prince Boli was enfeoffed as Prince of Wuling.
114
壬戌，齊上皇如晉陽。
On renxu the Qi retired emperor went to Jinyang.
115
庚午，齊改謚文宣皇帝為景烈皇帝，廟號威宗。
On gengwu Qi changed Wenxuan's posthumous title to Emperor Jinglie with temple name Weizong.
116
春，正月，己卯，日有食之。
In spring, during the first month, on jimao, there was a solar eclipse.
117
癸未，周大赦，改元天和。
On guiwei Northern Zhou proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Tianhe.
118
辛卯，齊主祀圜丘； 癸巳，祫太廟。
On xinmao the Qi emperor sacrificed at the Round Mound; on guisi he performed the he joint sacrifice at the Grand Ancestral Temple.
119
丙申，齊以吏部尚書尉瑾為右僕射。 己亥，周主耕藉田。
On bingshen Qi appointed Minister of Personnel Wei Jin as Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On jihai the Zhou emperor performed the ceremonial plowing at the sacred field.
120
庚子，齊主如晉陽。
On gengzi the Qi emperor went to Jinyang.
121
周遣小載師杜杲來聘。
Zhou sent Lesser Master of Carriages Du Guo on a diplomatic visit to Chen.
122
二月，庚戌，齊上皇還鄴。
In the second month, on gengxu, the Qi retired emperor returned to Ye.
123
丙子，大赦，改元。
On bingzi Chen proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name.
124
三月，己卯，以安成王頊為尚書令。
In the third month, on jimao, Prince Xu of Ancheng was appointed Director of the Masters of Writing.
125
丙午，周主祀南郊。 夏，四月，大雩。
On bingwu the Zhou emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb. In summer, during the fourth month, the court held a great rain prayer.
126
上不豫，台閣眾事，並令尚書僕射到仲舉、五兵尚書孔奐共決之。 奐，琇之之曾孫也。 疾篤，奐、仲舉與司空、尚書令、揚州刺史安成王頊、吏部尚書袁樞、中書舍人劉師知入侍醫藥。 樞，君正之子也。 太子伯宗柔弱，上憂其不能守位，謂頊曰：「吾欲遵太伯之事。」 頊拜伏泣涕，固辭。 上又謂仲舉、奐等曰：「今三方鼎峙，四海事重，宜須長居。 騰欲近則晉成，遠隆殷法，卿等宜遵此意。」 孔奐流涕對曰：「陛下御膳違和，痊復非久。 皇太子為鼎盛，聖德日躋。 安成王介弟之尊，足為周旦。 若有廢立之心，臣等愚，誠不敢聞詔。」 上曰：「古之遺直，復見於卿。」 乃以奐為太子詹事。
The emperor fell ill and entrusted all government business to Vice Director Dao Zhongju and Minister of the Five Armies Kong Huan. Kong Huan was a great-grandson of Kong Xiu. As his illness worsened, Huan and Zhongju were joined at his bedside by Minister of Works and Director of the Masters of Writing Prince Xu of Ancheng, Yangzhou inspector, Minister of Personnel Yuan Shu, and Palace Secretariat Attendant Liu Shizhi. Yuan Shu was a son of Yuan Junzheng. Crown Prince Bozong was frail, and the emperor, fearing he could not hold the throne, told Xu, "I mean to follow the example of Taibo." Xu prostrated himself, weeping, and firmly refused. The emperor then told Zhongju, Huan, and the others, "With three powers contending and the realm at stake, you must remain in office. If you stay close, follow the model of Jin Cheng; if you step back, honor the Yin precedent—you must heed this intent." Kong Huan answered through tears, "Your Majesty's ailment is slight; you will recover soon. The crown prince is in his prime and grows in virtue daily. Prince Xu of Ancheng, as a younger brother of the blood, can serve as the Duke of Zhou. If you harbor any thought of deposing the heir, we your servants are too dull to obey such an order." The emperor said, "The upright ministers of old live again in you." He then appointed Kong Huan Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince.
127
臣光曰：夫臣之事君，宜將順其美，正救其惡。 孔奐在陳，處腹心之重任，決禮義之大計，苟以世祖之言為不誠，則當如竇嬰面辯，袁盎廷爭，防微杜漸以絕覬覦之心。 以為誠邪，則當請明下詔書，宣告中外，使世祖有宋宣之美，高宗無楚靈之惡。 不然，謂太子嫡嗣，不可動搖，欲保附而安全之，則當盡忠竭節，以死繼之，如晉之荀息，趙之肥義。 奈何於君之存，則逆探其情而求合焉； 及其既沒，則權臣移國而不能救，嗣主失位而不能死！ 斯乃奸諛之尤者，而世祖謂之遺直，以托六尺之孤，豈不悖哉！
Sima Guang comments: A minister serving his sovereign should nurture what is good in him and correct what is evil. Kong Huan in Chen occupied a position of deepest trust and weighed the gravest questions of ritual and right. If he believed Emperor Wendi's intent was false, he should have remonstrated as Dou Ying did in open debate, or as Yuan Ang did at court—stopping the rot early and cutting off all who would plot usurpation. If he took the emperor at his word, he should have asked for a clear edict proclaimed at home and abroad, so that Wendi would gain the praise owed Duke Xuan of Song and the court would not repeat the evil of King Ling of Chu. Or, if he held the heir's position inviolable and wished only to cling to power in safety, he should have given his utmost loyalty unto death, as Xun Xi of Jin or Fei Yi of Zhao did. Yet while the emperor still lived, he probed obliquely for the ruler's hidden wishes and strove to conform to them. When the emperor was gone, powerful ministers seized the state and he could not save it; the rightful heir was dethroned and he would not die in his defense! Here was flattery at its worst—yet Emperor Wendi called him a minister straight as those of old and entrusted to him his young son: how perverse!
128
癸酉，上殂。
On the day guiyou, the emperor died.
129
上起自艱難，知民疾苦。 性明察儉約，每夜刺閨取外事分判者，前後相續。 敕傳更簽於殿中者，必投簽於階石之上，令鎗然有聲，曰：「吾雖眠，亦令驚覺。」
He had risen through hardship and knew the people's sufferings firsthand. Keen-eyed and frugal by nature, he would have officials slip reports through the side door nightly for him to review; attendants bearing such papers kept coming without cease. He instructed the night watchmen in the hall to cast their tally sticks onto the stone steps so they rang sharply, saying, "Even in sleep I mean to stay alert."
130
太子即位，大赦。
The crown prince ascended the throne and declared a general amnesty.
131
五月，己卯，尊皇太后曰太皇太后，皇后曰後太后。
In the fifth month, on jimao, the empress dowager was elevated to grand empress dowager and the empress to queen dowager.
132
乙酉，齊以兼尚書左僕射武興王普為尚書令。
On yiyou, Northern Qi appointed Prince Pu of Wuxing, who had been serving concurrently as Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, as Director of the Masters of Writing.
133
吐谷渾龍涸王莫昌帥部落附於周，以其地為扶州。
Mobo, king of Longhu in Tuyuhun, led his tribes to submit to Zhou; their territory was organized as Fuzhou.
134
庚寅，以安成王頊為驃騎大將軍、司徒、錄尚書、都督中外諸軍事。 丁酉，以中軍大將軍、開府儀同三司徐度為司空，以吏部尚書袁樞為左僕射，吳興太守沈欽為右僕射，御史中丞徐陵為吏部尚書。
On gengyin, Prince Xu of Ancheng was appointed Grand General of Agile Cavalry, Minister of Education, Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and supreme commander of all military forces. On dingyou, Xu Du, Grand General of the Central Army and commissioner equal to the Three Excellencies, was named Minister of Works; Yuan Shu, director of the Ministry of Personnel, became Left Vice Director; Shen Qin, governor of Wuxing, Right Vice Director; and Xu Ling, attending investigator, director of the Ministry of Personnel.
135
陵以梁末以來，選授多濫，乃為書示眾曰：「梁元帝承侯景之凶荒，王太尉接荊州之禍敗，故使官方，窮此紛雜。 永安之時，聖朝草創，白銀難得，黃札易營，權以官階，代於錢絹。 致令員外、常侍，路上比肩，咨議、參軍，市中無數，豈是朝章固應如此！ 今衣冠禮樂，日富年華，何可猶作舊意，非理望也！」 眾鹹服之。
Finding appointments grossly lax since the late Liang, Xu Ling circulated a letter to the bureaucracy: "After Hou Jing's ravages, Emperor Yuan of Liang inherited a ruined realm; when Wang the Grand Commandant took Jingzhou, disaster compounded disaster—small wonder that official ranks fell into chaos. In the Yong'an era, as our dynasty was being founded, silver was scarce but appointment edicts were easy to obtain; for a time office rank substituted for cash and silk. Extra-grade attendants and chamberlains crowded the streets shoulder to shoulder; consultants and staff officers thronged the markets beyond counting—was this how the court ought to look! Now that ritual and refinement grow richer year by year, how can we cling to old abuses? It is neither reasonable nor to be hoped for!" All present assented.
136
己亥，齊立上皇子弘為齊安王，仁固為北平王，仁英為高平王，仁光為淮南王。
On jihai, Northern Qi enfeoffed the emperor's sons: Hong as Prince of Qi'an, Rengu as Prince of Beiping, Renying of Gaoping, and Renguang of Huainan.
137
六月，齊遣兼散騎常侍韋道儒來聘。
In the sixth month, Northern Qi sent Wei Daoru, concurrent Master of Regular Attendance, as envoy on a goodwill mission.
138
丙寅，葬文皇帝於永寧陵，廟號世祖。
On bingyin, Emperor Wen was buried at Yongning Mausoleum; his temple name was Shizu.
139
秋，七月，戊寅，周築武功等諸城以置軍士。
In autumn, the seventh month, on wuyin, Northern Zhou fortified Wugong and other cities to garrison troops.
140
丁酉，立妃王氏為皇后。
On dingyou, Consort Wang was enthroned as empress.
141
八月，齊上皇如晉陽。
In the eighth month, the Northern Qi retired emperor traveled to Jinyang.
142
周信州蠻冉令賢、向五子王等據巴峽反，攻陷白帝，黨與連結二千餘里。 周遣開府儀同三司元契、趙剛等前後討之，終不克。 九月，詔開府儀同三司陸騰督開府儀同三司王亮、司馬裔討之。
In Zhou's Xinzhou, the chieftains Ran Lingxian and Xiang Wuzi Wang seized the Ba Gorge and rebelled, capturing Baidi; their allies stretched along more than two thousand li. Zhou dispatched Yuan Qi, Zhao Gang, and other commissioners of equal protocol in successive campaigns, but could not subdue them. In the ninth month, an edict put Commissioner Lu Teng in overall command of Wang Liang and Sima Yi to suppress the rebels.
143
騰軍於湯口，令賢於江南據險要，置十城，遠結涔陽蠻為聲援，自帥精卒固守水邏城。 騰召諸將問計，皆欲先取水邏，後攻江南。 騰曰：「令賢內恃水邏金湯之固，外托涔陽輔車之援。 資糧充實，器械精新。 以我懸軍，攻其嚴壘，脫一戰不克，更成其氣。 不如頓軍湯口，先取江南，剪其羽毛，然後進軍水邏，此制勝之術也。」 乃遣王亮帥眾渡江，旬日，拔其八城，捕虜及納降各千計。 遂間募驍勇，數道進攻水邏。 蠻帥冉伯犁、冉安西素與令賢有仇，騰說誘，賂以金帛，使為鄉導。 水邏之旁有石勝城，令賢使其兄子龍真據之。 騰密誘龍真，龍真遂以城降。 水邏眾潰，斬首萬餘級，捕虜萬餘口。 令賢走，追獲，斬之。 騰積骸於水邏城側為京觀，是後群蠻望之，輒大哭，不敢復叛。
Lu Teng pitched camp at Tangkou. Lingxian held the south bank's passes, fortified ten cities, and won distant support from the Cenyang tribes while he himself led elite troops in a stubborn defense of Shuibicheng. Teng called his commanders to council; all favored taking Shuibicheng first, then the southern bank. Teng said, "Lingxian trusts in Shuibicheng's impregnable walls within and in Cenyang's mutual aid without. His stores are full and his arms sharp and new. We are deep in enemy country, striking a fortified line; if even one assault fails, we will only stiffen his resolve. Better to hold at Tangkou, seize the south bank first and clip his wings, then march on Shuibicheng—that is how to win." He then sent Wang Liang across the river; within ten days eight cities fell, with roughly a thousand captives and a thousand surrendering in each case. He recruited the fiercest fighters and pressed Shuibicheng along several axes. The chieftains Ran Boli and Ran Anxi had long hated Lingxian; Teng won them over with gold and silk and made them his guides. Near Shuibicheng stood Shisheng; Lingxian entrusted it to his nephew Longzhen. Teng secretly won over Longzhen, who then surrendered the city. The garrison of Shuibicheng broke; more than ten thousand heads were taken and more than ten thousand people captured alive. Lingxian fled, was overtaken, and executed. Teng built a corpse mound from the dead beside Shuibicheng; thereafter the tribes would burst into tears at the sight and dared not rebel again.
144
向五子王據石黑城，使其子寶勝據雙城。 水邏既平，騰頻遣諭之，猶不下。 進擊，皆擒之，盡斬諸向酋長，捕虜萬餘戶。
Xiang Wuzi Wang held Shihei and stationed his son Baosheng at Shuangcheng. After Shuibicheng fell, Teng sent repeated envoys to summon him, but he would not yield. Lu Teng attacked, took them both, executed every Xiang chieftain, and captured more than ten thousand households.
145
信州舊治白帝，騰徙之於八陳灘北，以司馬裔為信州刺史。
Teng moved the Xinzhou seat from Baidi to north of the Eight Formations Shoals and appointed Sima Yi governor.
146
小吏部隴西辛昂，奉使梁、益，且為騰督軍糧。 時臨、信、楚、合等州民多眾亂，昂諭以禍福，赴者如歸。 乃令老弱負糧，壯夫拒戰，鹹樂為用。 使還，會巴州萬榮郡民反，攻圍郡城，遏絕山路。 昂謂其徒曰：「凶狡猖狂，若待上聞，孤城必陷。 苟利百姓，專之可也。」 遂募通、開二州，得三千人。 倍道兼行，出其不意，直趣賊壘。 賊以為大軍至，望風瓦解，一郡獲全。 周朝嘉之，以為渠州刺史。 冬，十月，齊以侯莫陳相為大傅，任城王湝為太保，婁睿為大司馬，馮翊王潤為太尉，開府儀同三司韓祖念為司徒。
Xin Ang of Longxi, junior director in the Ministry of Personnel, was on mission to Liang and Yi and also supervised grain for Lu Teng's army. Many districts of Lin, Xin, Chu, and He were in turmoil; Ang preached consequences to them, and people flocked to him as to their homes. He set the old and weak to carry grain and the able-bodied to fight, and all served willingly. On his return he found the people of Wanrong in Bazhou in revolt, besieging the prefectural city and blocking the mountain roads. Ang told his men, "These rebels are fierce and frantic; if we wait for word from the capital, the lone city will fall. If the people will benefit, we may take command on our own authority." He raised three thousand men from Tong and Kai prefectures. He marched at double speed, took them by surprise, and struck straight at the rebel stronghold. The rebels thought a great army had come; at his approach they scattered, and the whole commandery was saved. The Zhou court rewarded him with appointment as governor of Quzhou. In winter, the tenth month, Northern Qi appointed Hou Mo Chen Xiang Grand Tutor, Prince Hui of Rencheng Grand Guardian, Lou Rui Grand Marshal, Prince Run of Fengyi Grand Commandant, and Commissioner Han Zunian Minister of Education.
147
庚申，帝享太廟。
On gengshen, the emperor sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
148
十一月，乙亥，周遣使來吊。
In the eleventh month, on yihai, Zhou sent envoys to offer condolences on the emperor's death.
149
丙戌，周主行視武功等新城； 十二月，庚申，還長安。
On bingxu, the Zhou emperor toured the new fortifications at Wugong and elsewhere; In the twelfth month, on gengshen, he returned to Chang'an.
150
齊河間王孝琬怨執政，為草人而射之。 和士開、祖珽譖之於上皇曰：「草人以擬聖躬也。 又，前突厥至并州，孝琬脫兜鍪抵地，云：『我豈老嫗，須著此物！』 此言屬大家也。 又，魏世謠言：『河南種穀河北生，白楊樹端金雞鳴。』 河南、北者，河間也。 孝琬將建金雞大赦耳。」 上皇頗惑之。
Prince Xiaowan of Hejian in Qi, resenting the ruling clique, made a straw figure and shot arrows at it. He Shikai and Zu Ting denounced him to the retired emperor: "The straw figure is meant to stand in for Your Majesty. Further, when the Turks had reached Bingzhou, Xiaowan threw his helmet to the ground and cried, "Do I look like some old woman to need this thing on my head!" That was aimed at all of us. And a prophetic rhyme from Wei runs: "Grain sowed south of the River sprouts north of it; on a white poplar's crown a golden cock crows." Here, 'South' and 'north' mean Hejian. Xiaowan means to set up a golden cock and declare a general amnesty." The retired emperor was much persuaded.
151
會孝琬得佛牙，置第內，夜有光。 上皇聞之，使搜之，得填庫槊幡數百。 上皇以為反具，收訊。 諸姬有陳氏者，無寵，誣孝琬云：「孝琬常畫陛下像而哭之。」 其實世宗像也。 上皇怒，使武衛赫連輔玄倒鞭撾之。 孝琬呼叔，上皇曰：「何敢呼我為叔！」 孝琬曰：「臣神武皇帝嫡孫，文襄皇帝嫡子，魏孝靜皇帝之甥，何為不得呼叔！」 上皇愈怒，折其兩脛而死。 安德王延宗哭之，淚赤。 又為草人，鞭而訊之曰：「何故殺我兄！」 奴告之，上皇覆延宗於地，馬鞭鞭之二百，幾死。
Xiaowan had come into possession of a Buddha relic and kept it in his mansion; by night it shone with light. When the retired emperor heard, he ordered a search and found hundreds of spears and banners packed in storerooms. He took these as proof of rebellion and had Xiaowan arrested and interrogated. A concubine surnamed Chen, out of favor, falsely accused him: "Xiaowan often painted Your Majesty's portrait and wept before it." In fact it had been Prince Shizong's portrait. The retired emperor in rage had Helian Fuyuan of the Martial Guard beat him with a reversed whip. Xiaowan cried, "Uncle!" The retired emperor roared, "How dare you call me uncle! Xiaowan answered: "I am the eldest grandson of Gao Huan, eldest son of Gao Cheng, and nephew of Emperor Xiaojing of Wei—why may I not call you uncle!" The retired emperor only grew angrier, snapped both his lower legs, and killed him. Prince Yanzong of Ande mourned him until his tears ran red. He made another straw figure, beat it, and cried to it: "Why did you kill my brother!" A servant betrayed him. The retired emperor threw Yanzong to the floor and gave him two hundred strokes of the riding crop, nearly killing him.
152
是歲，齊賜侍中、中書監元文遙姓高氏，頃之，遷尚書左僕射。
That year Qi granted Attendant-in-Ordinary Yuan Wenyao, also Grand Overseer of the Secretariat, the surname Gao; soon after he was promoted to Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
153
魏末以來，縣令多用廝役，由是士流恥為之。 文遙以為縣令治民之本，遂請革選，密擇貴遊子弟，發敕用之； 猶恐其披訴、悉召之集神武門，令趙郡王睿宣旨唱名，厚加尉諭而遣之。 齊之士人為縣自此始。
Since the late Wei, county magistrates had often been bond servants, and gentlemen declined such office in shame. Wenyao held that the magistrate was the foundation of rule over the people and petitioned for reform, quietly selecting sons of eminent families and issuing edicts to appoint them; Lest they appeal against the appointments, he summoned them all to Shenwu Gate, had Prince Rui of Zhao Commandery read the imperial order and call each name, reassured them warmly, and sent them to their posts. From that time gentlemen of Qi began to hold county magistracies.