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=陳紀七=
Chen Records, Part Seven
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起強圉作噩，盡屠維大淵獻，凡三年。
From Qiangyu Zuo'e through Tuwei Dayuanxian—three years in all.
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1春，正月，乙亥朔，齊太子恆即皇帝位，生八年矣； 改元承光，大赦。 尊齊主為太上皇帝，皇太后為太皇太后，皇后為太上皇后。 以廣寧王孝珩為太宰。
1. In spring, on the first day of the first month (yihai), Qi crown prince Heng took the throne; he was eight years old. The era was renamed Chengguang and a general amnesty was declared. The Qi emperor was elevated to Retired Emperor, his mother to Grand Empress Dowager, and his consort to Retired Empress. Prince Guangning Xiaoxian was made Grand Steward.
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司徒莫多婁敬顯、領軍大將軍尉相願謀伏兵千秋門，斬高阿那肱，立廣寧王孝珩。 會阿那肱自它路入朝，不果。 孝珩求拒周師，謂阿那肱等曰：「朝廷不賜遣擊賊，豈不畏孝珩反邪？ 孝珩若破宇文邕，遂至長安，反亦何預國家事！ 以今日之急，猶如此猜忌邪！」 高、韓恐其為變，出孝珩為滄州刺史。 相願拔佩刀斫柱，歎曰：「大事去矣，知復何言！」
Minister of Education Moduolou Jingxian and Commander-in-Chief Wei Xiangyuan planned an ambush at Qianqiu Gate to kill Gao Anagong and put Prince Guangning Xiaoxian on the throne. Anagong came to court by another route, however, and the plot came to nothing. Xiaoxian asked to be sent against the Zhou forces and told Anagong and the others, "If the court will not let me attack the enemy, are you not afraid I might rebel? If I break Yuwen Yong and even reach Chang'an, what would that have to do with the state's affairs! At a crisis like today's, you still treat me with such suspicion!" Gao and Han, fearing he might make trouble, posted Xiaoxian to Cangzhou as governor. Xiangyuan drew his sword and struck a pillar, crying, "The great cause is lost—what more is there to say!"
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齊主使長樂王尉世辯，帥千餘騎覘周師，出滏口，登高阜西望，遙見群烏飛起，謂是西軍旗幟，即馳還； 比至紫陌橋，不敢回顧。 世辯，粲之子也。 於是黃門侍郎顏之推、中書侍郎薛道衡、侍中陳德信等勸上皇往河外募兵，更為經略； 若不濟，南投陳國。 從之。 道衡，孝通之子也。 丁丑，太皇太后、太上皇后自鄴先趣濟州； 癸未，幼主亦自鄴東行。 己丑，周師至紫陌橋。
The Qi emperor sent Prince Changle Wei Shibian with more than a thousand horsemen to scout the Zhou army. Leaving Fukou, he climbed a height and looked west; when he saw birds rise in the distance he took them for Zhou banners and galloped back at once. By the time he reached Zimo Bridge he did not dare look behind him. Shibian was a son of Wei Can. Then Attendant Gentleman Yan Zhitui, Secretariat Gentleman Xue Daoheng, Palace Attendant Chen Dexin, and others urged the Retired Emperor to cross the Yellow River and raise troops for a fresh strategy. If that failed, they would flee south to Chen. He agreed. Daoheng was a son of Xue Xiaotong. On dingchou the Grand Empress Dowager and Retired Empress left Ye ahead of the others and pressed on to Jizhou. On guiwei the young emperor too departed Ye heading east. On jichou the Zhou army reached Zimo Bridge.
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2辛卯，上祭北郊。
2. On xinmao the Chen emperor sacrificed at the Northern Suburb.
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3壬辰，周師至鄴城下； 癸巳，圍之，燒城西門。 齊人出戰，周師奮擊，大破之。 齊上皇從百騎東走，使武衛大將軍慕容三藏守鄴宮。 周師入鄴，齊王、公以下皆降。 三藏猶拒戰，周主引見，禮之，拜儀同大將軍。 三藏，紹宗之子也。 領軍大將軍漁陽鮮于世榮，齊高祖舊將也。 周主先以馬腦酒鐘遺之，世榮得即碎之。 周師入鄴，世榮在三台前鳴鼓不輟，周人執之； 世榮不屈，乃殺之。 周主執莫多婁敬顯，數之曰：「汝有死罪三：前自晉陽走鄴，攜妾棄母，不孝也； 外為偽朝戮力，內實通啟於朕，不忠也； 送款之後，猶持兩端，不信也。 用心如此，不死何待！」 遂斬之。 使將軍尉遲勤追齊主。
3. On renchen the Zhou army arrived beneath the walls of Ye. On guisi they laid siege and set fire to the western gate. The Qi came out to fight; the Zhou army struck fiercely and routed them. The Qi Retired Emperor fled east with a hundred riders and left Martial Guard General Murong Sanzang to defend the Ye palace. The Zhou army entered Ye, and Qi princes, dukes, and officials down the ranks all surrendered. Sanzang still fought on; the Zhou emperor received him with honor and made him General of the Same Rites. Sanzang was a son of Murong Shaozong. Commander-in-Chief Yu Shirong of Yuyang was a veteran of Qi Gaozu's reign. The Zhou emperor had earlier sent him an agate wine vessel; Shirong smashed it the moment it reached him. When the Zhou entered Ye, Shirong kept beating drums before the Three Terraces until the Zhou seized him. Shirong would not yield, so they put him to death. The Zhou emperor seized Moduolou Jingxian and listed his crimes: "You deserve death three times over: you fled Jinyang for Ye, taking a concubine and leaving your mother behind—that is unfilial; outwardly you served the false dynasty, inwardly you opened letters to me—that is disloyal; after you submitted you still played both sides—that is faithless. With a heart like that, why should you live!" He was beheaded. He sent General Yuchi Qin to pursue the Qi emperor.
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甲午，周主入鄴。 齊國子博士長樂熊安生，博通《五經》，聞周主入鄴，遽令掃門。 家人怪而問之，安生曰：「周帝重道尊儒，必將見我。」 俄而周主幸其家，不聽拜，親執其手，引與同坐； 賞賜甚厚，給安車駟馬以自隨。 又遣小司馬唐道和就中書侍郎李德林宅宣旨慰諭，曰：「平齊之利，唯在於爾。」 引入宮，使內史宇文昂訪問齊朝風俗政教，人物善惡。 即留內省，三宿乃歸。
On jiawu the Zhou emperor entered Ye. Xiong Ansheng of Changle, a Qi National University erudite thoroughly versed in the Five Classics, heard the Zhou emperor had entered Ye and immediately ordered his gate swept clean. His family wondered and asked why; Ansheng said, "The Zhou emperor values the Way and honors Confucian learning—he is sure to call on me." Before long the Zhou emperor came to his house, forbade him to bow, took his hand himself, and seated him beside him. He lavished gifts on him and gave him a comfort carriage with a four-horse team to travel at his side. He also sent Junior Marshal Tang Daohe to Secretariat Gentleman Li Delin's house with an imperial message of reassurance, saying, "The gain from pacifying Qi rests on you alone." Delin was brought to the palace, and Palace Secretary Yuwen Ang was sent to question him on Qi customs, government, and the worth of its leading men. He was kept in the inner offices for three nights before he went home.
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乙未，齊上皇渡河入濟州。 是日，幼主禪位於大丞相任城王湝。 又為湝詔：尊上皇為無上皇，幼主為宋國天王。 令侍中斛律孝卿送禪文及璽紱於瀛州，孝卿即詣鄴。
On yiwei the Qi Retired Emperor crossed the Yellow River and entered Jizhou. That same day the young emperor abdicated in favor of Grand Chancellor Prince Rencheng Hu. Hu also issued an edict honoring the Retired Emperor as Supreme Retired Emperor and the young emperor as King of Song. He ordered Palace Attendant Hulu Xiaqing to take the abdication text and the imperial seal and cord to Yingzhou, but Xiaqing went straight to Ye instead.
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周主詔：「去年大赦所未及之處，皆從赦例。」
The Zhou emperor decreed, "All places not covered by last year's general amnesty shall be included under the amnesty."
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齊洛州刺史獨孤永業，有甲士三萬，聞晉州敗，請出兵擊周，奏寢不報； 永業憤慨。 又聞并州陷，乃遣子須達請降於周，周以永業為上柱國，封應公。
Qi governor of Luozhou Dugu Yongye had thirty thousand armored troops; when he heard Jinzhou had fallen he asked to march out against Zhou, but his memorial went unanswered. Yongye was furious. When he also heard Bingzhou had fallen he sent his son Xuda to surrender to Zhou; Zhou made Yongye Supreme Pillar of State and enfeoffed him as Duke of Ying.
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丙申，周以越王盛為相州總管。
On bingshen Zhou appointed Prince Yue Sheng overall commander of Xiangzhou.
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齊上皇留胡太后於濟州，使高阿那肱守濟州關，覘候周師，自與穆後、馮淑妃、幼主、韓長鸞、鄧長顒等數十人奔青州。 使內參田鵬鸞西出，參伺動靜； 周師獲之，問齊主何在，紿云：「已去，計當出境。」 周人疑其不信，捶之。 每折一支，辭色愈厲，竟折四支而死。
The Qi Retired Emperor left Empress Dowager Hu at Jizhou, put Gao Anagong in charge of the Jizhou pass to watch the Zhou army, and fled to Qingzhou with Consort Mu, Lady Feng, the young emperor, Han Changluan, Deng Changyan, and several dozen others. He sent Inner Attendant Tian Pengluan west to scout the situation. The Zhou army seized him and asked where the Qi emperor was; he lied, "He has already gone—I expect he is crossing the border by now." The Zhou doubted him and beat him. Each time they broke a limb his tone grew fiercer; they broke all four limbs and he died.
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上皇至青州，即欲入陳。 而高阿那肱密召周師，約生致齊主，屢啟云：「周師尚遠，已令燒斷橋路。」 上皇由是淹留自寬。 周師至關，阿那肱即降之。 周師奄至青州，上皇囊金，繫於鞍後，與後、妃、幼主等十餘騎南走。 己亥，至南鄧村。 尉遲勤追及，盡擒之，並胡太后送鄴。
When the Retired Emperor reached Qingzhou he at once meant to flee into Chen. But Gao Anagong secretly summoned the Zhou army, promising to take the Qi emperor alive, and repeatedly reported, "The Zhou army is still far away; I have already had the bridges burned and the roads cut." The Retired Emperor therefore lingered and took comfort. When the Zhou army reached the pass, Anagong surrendered at once. The Zhou army suddenly appeared at Qingzhou; the Retired Emperor stuffed gold into a bag tied behind his saddle and fled south with the empress, consorts, the young emperor, and a dozen riders. On jihai they reached Nandeng Village. Yuchi Qin caught up, seized them all, and sent them with Empress Dowager Hu to Ye.
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庚子，周主詔：「故斛律光、崔季舒等，宜追加贈謚，並為改葬，子孫各隨廕敘錄。 家口田宅沒官者，並還之。」 周主指斛律光名曰：「此人在，朕安得至鄴！」 辛丑，詔：「齊之東山、南園、三台，並可毀撤。 瓦木諸物，可用者悉以賜民。 山園之田，各還其主。」
On gengzi the Zhou emperor decreed, "The late Hulu Guang, Cui Jishu, and others shall receive posthumous honors and reburial, and their descendants shall be entered on the registers according to inherited privilege. Households, fields, and dwellings seized by the state shall all be restored." The Zhou emperor pointed to Hulu Guang's name and said, "Had this man lived, how could I have reached Ye!" On xinchou he decreed, "Qi's Eastern Hill, Southern Park, and Three Terraces shall all be demolished. Tiles, timber, and whatever else can be used shall be given to the people. The fields of the hill parks shall be returned to their owners."
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4二月，壬午，上耕藉田。
4. In the second month, on renwu, the Chen emperor plowed the sacred field.
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5丙午，周主宴從官將士於齊太極殿，頒賞有差。
5. On bingwu the Zhou emperor feasted his officials and generals in Qi's Hall of Supreme Pole and gave rewards in varying measure.
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丁未，高緯至鄴，周主降價，以賓禮見之。
On dingwei Gao Wei arrived at Ye; the Zhou emperor came down to meet him with the ceremony due a guest.
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齊廣寧王孝珩至滄州，以五千人會任城王湝於信都，共謀匡復，召募得四萬餘人。 周主使齊王憲、柱國楊堅擊之。 令高緯為手書招湝不從。 憲軍至趙州，湝遣二諜覘之，候騎執以白憲。 憲集齊舊將，遍示之，謂曰：「吾所爭者大，不在汝曹。 今縱汝還，仍充吾使。」 乃與湝書曰：「足下諜者為候騎所拘，軍中情實，具諸執事。 戰非上計，無待卜疑； 守乃下策，或未相許。 已勒諸軍分道並進，相望非遠，憑軾有期。 『不俟終日』，所望知機也！」
Qi Prince Guangning Xiaoxian reached Cangzhou and joined Prince Rencheng Hu at Xindu with five thousand men; together they plotted to restore Qi and raised more than forty thousand troops. The Zhou emperor sent Prince Qi Xian and Pillar of State Yang Jian against them. Gao Wei was made to write a personal summons to Hu, but Hu refused. When Xian's army reached Zhao Prefecture, Hu sent two spies to scout it; outriders seized them and reported to Xian. Xian assembled Qi's former generals, showed the spies to them all, and said, "The stake I fight for is great; it is not with you. Today I release you to go back—you shall still serve as my messengers." He then wrote to Hu, "Your spies were seized by outriders; the true state of my army has been laid out in full to your officers. Fighting is not the best plan—no need to consult the oracle; holding out is the lesser plan, and perhaps you will not agree to that either. I have already ordered the armies to advance on separate routes; we are not far apart, and meeting face to face is near. Not waiting for the day's end"—I hope you will know when to act!"
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憲至信都，湝陳於城南以拒之。 湝所署領軍尉相願詐出略陳，遂以眾降。 相願，湝心腹也，眾皆駭懼。 湝殺相願妻子。 明日，復戰，憲擊破之，俘斬三萬人，執湝及廣寧王孝珩。 憲謂湝曰：「任城王何苦至此？」 湝曰：「下官神武皇帝之子，兄弟十五人，幸而獨存。 逢宗社顛覆，今日得死，無愧墳陵。」 憲壯之，命歸其妻子。 又親為孝珩洗瘡傅藥，禮遇甚厚。 孝珩歎曰：「自神武皇帝以外，吾諸父兄弟，無一人至四十者，命也。 嗣君無獨見之明，宰相非柱石之寄，恨不得握兵符，受斧鉞，展我心力耳！」
When Xian reached Xindu, Hu drew up his line south of the city to meet him. Hu's appointed commander-in-chief Wei Xiangyuan pretended to ride out and skirmish, then surrendered with his troops. Xiangyuan was Hu's closest confidant, and the whole army was terrified. Hu had Xiangyuan's wife and children killed. The next day they fought again; Xian routed them, killed or captured thirty thousand, and seized Hu and Prince Guangning Xiaoxian. Xian said to Hu, "Prince Rencheng, why did you have to come to this?" Hu said, "I am a son of Emperor Shenwu; of fifteen brothers I alone survive by fortune. When the state fell, to die today is to face the tombs without shame." Xian admired his spirit and had Xiangyuan's wife and children restored to him. He also washed Xiaoxian's sores and applied medicine himself, treating him with exceptional honor. Xiaoxian sighed, "Apart from Emperor Shenwu, not one of my uncles and brothers lived to forty—that is fate. The heir had no vision of his own, the chancellor was no pillar of the state—I only wish I could have held the command tally and taken the axe to give my full strength!"
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齊王憲善用兵，多謀略，得將士心。 齊人憚其威聲，多望風沮潰。 芻牧不擾，軍無私焉。
Prince Qi Xian was skilled in war, full of stratagems, and won the hearts of officers and men. The Qi feared his reputation, and many collapsed at the mere rumor of his approach. He did not disturb fodder or herds, and his army took nothing for private gain.
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周主以齊降將封輔相為北朔州總管。 北朔州，齊之重鎮，士卒驍勇。 前長史趙穆等謀執輔相迎任城王湝於瀛州，不果，乃迎定州刺史范陽王紹義。 紹義至馬邑，自肆州以北二百八十餘城皆應之。 紹義與靈州刺史袁洪猛引兵南出，欲取并州。 至新興，而肆州已為周守，前隊二儀同以所部降周。 周兵擊顯州，執刺史陸瓊，復攻拔諸城。 紹義還保北朔州。 周東平公神舉將兵逼馬邑，紹義戰敗，北奔突厥，猶有眾三千人。 紹義令曰：「欲還者從其意。」 於是辭去者大半。 突厥佗缽可汗常謂齊顯祖為英雄天子，以紹義重踝，似之，甚見愛重； 凡齊人在北者，悉以隸之。
The Zhou emperor appointed the Qi defector Feng Fuxiang overall commander of North Shuozhou. North Shuozhou was a key Qi stronghold, and its troops were fierce. Former chief clerk Zhao Mu and others plotted to seize Fuxiang and welcome Prince Rencheng Hu at Yingzhou; when that failed they welcomed Prince Fanyang Shaoyi, governor of Dingzhou. When Shaoyi reached Mayi, more than two hundred and eighty cities from Sizhou north rallied to him. Shaoyi and Lingzhou governor Yuan Hongmeng marched south intending to take Bingzhou. At Xinxing they found Sizhou already in Zhou hands; two Generals of the Same Rites in the vanguard surrendered their commands to Zhou. Zhou troops attacked Xianzhou, seized governor Lu Qiong, and stormed the other cities again. Shaoyi fell back to defend North Shuozhou. Zhou Duke of Dongping Shenju pressed Mayi; Shaoyi was defeated and fled north to the Turks with three thousand men still at his side. Shaoyi announced, "Whoever wishes to go back may do as he pleases." More than half then took their leave and departed. Tujue khan Tuobo had often called Qi Emperor Xianzu a heroic Son of Heaven; Shaoyi's heavy ankles reminded him of Xianzu, and the khan greatly favored him. All Qi subjects in the north were placed under his command.
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於是齊之行台、州、鎮，唯東雍州行台傅伏、營州刺史高寶寧不下，其餘皆入於周。 凡得州五十，郡一百六十二，縣三百八十，戶三百三萬二千五百。 高寶寧者，齊之疏屬，有勇略，久鎮和龍，甚得夷、夏之心。 周主於河陽、幽、青、南兗、豫、徐、北朔、定置總管府，相、並二州各置宮及六府官。 周師之克晉陽也，齊使開府儀同三司紇奚永安求救於突厥，比至，齊已亡。 佗缽可汗處永安於吐谷渾使者之下，永安言於佗缽曰：「今齊國已亡，永安何用餘生！ 欲閉氣自絕，恐天下謂大齊無死節之臣； 乞賜一刀，以顯示遠近。」 佗缽嘉之，贈馬七十匹而歸之。
Of Qi's mobile offices, prefectures, and garrisons, only Eastern Yongzhou mobile office chief Fu Fu and Yingzhou governor Gao Baoning held out; the rest all submitted to Zhou. In all they gained fifty prefectures, one hundred sixty-two commanderies, three hundred eighty counties, and 3,022,500 households. Gao Baoning was a distant kinsman of the Qi royal house, brave and resourceful; long stationed at Helong, he had won the hearts of both nomads and Chinese. The Zhou emperor established overall-command offices at Heyang, You, Qing, Southern Yan, Yu, Xu, North Shuozhou, and Ding, and set palaces and Six Offices officials at Xiang and Bing. When the Zhou army took Jinyang, Qi sent General of the Open Office with Equal Honor in Three Departments Hexi Yong'an to seek aid from the Turks; by the time he arrived, Qi was gone. Khan Tuobo seated Yong'an below the Tuyuhun envoy; Yong'an said to Tuobo, "Great Qi is destroyed—what use is my life now! I would hold my breath and die, but fear the world will say Great Qi had no minister who died for principle. Grant me a blade, that all near and far may see." Tuobo admired him, gave him seventy horses, and sent him home.
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6梁主入朝於鄴。 自秦兼天下，無朝覲之禮，至是始命有司草具其事：致積，致食氣，設九儐、九介，受享於廟，三公、三孤、六卿致食，勞賓，還贄，致享，皆如古禮。 周主與梁主宴，酒酣，周主自彈琵琶。 梁主起舞，曰：「陛下既親撫五弦，臣何敢不同百獸！」 周主大悅，賜賚甚厚。 乙卯，周主自鄴西還。
6. The Liang emperor came to court at Ye. Since Qin united the realm there had been no court-audience rites; now for the first time he ordered officials to draft the procedures—presenting stores and food and drink, setting nine hosts and nine envoys, receiving tribute in the temple, the Three Dukes, Three Solitaries, and Six Ministers presenting food, comforting the guest, returning gifts, presenting offerings—all according to ancient ritual. The Zhou emperor feasted with the Liang emperor; when the wine was warm, the Zhou emperor played the pipa himself. The Liang emperor rose to dance and said, "Your Majesty has plucked the five strings himself—how dare I not join the hundred beasts!" The Zhou emperor was greatly pleased and gave lavish rewards. On yimao the Zhou emperor returned west from Ye.
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7三月，壬午，周詔：「山東諸軍，各舉明經干治者二人； 若奇才異術，卓爾不群者，不拘此數。」
7. In the third month, on renwu, Zhou decreed, "Each army east of the mountains shall recommend two men versed in the Classics and capable in administration. Men of extraordinary talent and rare skill who stand far above the rest are not bound by this number."
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周主之擒尉相貴也，招齊東雍州刺史傅伏，伏不從。 齊人以伏為行台右僕射。 周主既克并州，復遣韋孝寬招之，令其子以上大將軍、武鄉公告身及金、馬腦二酒鐘賜伏為信。 伏不受，謂孝寬曰：「事君有死無貳。 此兒為臣不能竭忠，為子不能盡孝，人所讎疾，願速斬之以令天下！」 周主自鄴還，至晉州，遣高阿那肱等百餘人臨汾水召伏。 伏出軍，隔水見之，問：「至尊今何在？」 阿那肱曰：「已被擒矣。」 伏仰天大哭，帥眾入城，於聽事前北面哀號，良久，然後降。 周主見之曰：「何不早下？」 伏流涕對曰：「臣三世為齊臣，食齊祿，不能自死，羞見天地！」 周主執其手曰：「為臣當如此。」 乃以所食羊肋骨賜伏曰：「骨親肉疏，所以相付。」 遂引使宿衛，授上儀同大將軍。 敕之曰：「若亟與公高官，恐歸附者心動。 努力事朕，勿憂富貴。」 他日，又問：「前救河陰得何賞？」 對曰：「蒙一轉，授特進、永昌郡公。」 周主謂高緯曰：「朕三年教戰，決取河陰。 正為傅伏善守，城不可動，遂斂軍而退。 公當時賞功，何其薄也！」
When the Zhou emperor captured Wei Xianggui, he summoned Qi Eastern Yongzhou governor Fu Fu, but Fu refused. The Qi made Fu right vice director of the mobile office. After the Zhou emperor took Bingzhou, he sent Wei Xiaokuan again to summon him, with his son bearing the rank of senior general, the patent of Duke of Wuxiang, and two wine goblets of gold and agate as tokens. Fu refused and told Xiaokuan, "Serving one's lord admits death but not disloyalty. This boy cannot be loyal as a minister or filial as a son—men loathe him; behead him at once to instruct the realm!" When the Zhou emperor returned from Ye and reached Jinzhou, he sent Gao Anagong and more than a hundred men to the Fen River to summon Fu. Fu marched out, saw them across the water, and asked, "Where is His Majesty now?" Anagong said, "He has already been captured." Fu looked to heaven and wept, led his troops into the city, and before the audience hall wailed facing north for a long time before he submitted. The Zhou emperor said to him, "Why did you not submit earlier?" Fu answered through tears, "Three generations of my family served Qi and ate Qi's salary; unable to die for the state, I am ashamed to face heaven and earth!" The Zhou emperor took his hand and said, "A minister should be like this." He gave Fu a sheep rib from his own meal and said, "Bone is close, flesh is distant—that is why I entrust this to you." He then took him into palace guard service and made him senior general of the same rites. He told him, "If I give you high office at once, those who submit may waver in heart. Serve me diligently; do not worry about wealth and rank." Another day he asked, "When you saved Heyin before, what reward did you receive?" He answered, "One promotion—to special advancement and Duke of Yongchang commandery." The Zhou emperor said to Gao Wei, "I trained for war three years and resolved to take Heyin. It was precisely because Fu Fu defended so well that the city would not budge, so I drew off the army and withdrew. How meager your reward for merit was!"
27
8夏，四月，乙巳，周主至長安，置高緯於前，列其王公於後，車輿、旗幟、器物，以次陳之。 備大駕，布六軍，奏凱樂，獻俘於太廟。 觀者皆稱萬歲。 戊申，封高緯為溫公，齊之諸王三十餘人，皆受封爵。 周主與齊君臣飲酒，令溫公起舞。 高延宗悲不自持，屢欲仰藥，其傅婢禁止之。
8. In summer, the fourth month, on yisi, the Zhou emperor reached Chang'an, placed Gao Wei in front, ranged his princes and dukes behind, and displayed chariots, banners, and vessels in order. The great imperial equipage was prepared, the six armies arrayed, victory music played, and captives presented in the Grand Temple. The onlookers all shouted "Long live the emperor!". On wushen Gao Wei was enfeoffed as Duke of Wen, and more than thirty Qi princes all received titles and fiefs. The Zhou emperor drank with the Qi ministers and lords and ordered the Duke of Wen to dance. Gao Yanzong was overcome with grief; again and again he tried to take poison, but his tutor and maidservants stopped him.
28
周主以李德林為內史上士，自是詔誥格式用山東人物，並以委之。 帝從容謂群臣曰：「我常日唯聞李德林名，復見其為齊朝作詔書移檄，正謂是天上人； 豈言今日得其驅使。」 神武公紇豆陵毅對曰：「臣聞麒麟鳳皇，為王者瑞，可以德感，不可力致。 麒麟鳳皇，得之無用。 豈如德林，為瑞且有用哉！」 帝大笑曰：「誠如公言。」
The Zhou emperor made Li Delin senior scribe of the inner court; thereafter edicts, proclamations, and formats employed men from east of the mountains, all entrusted to him. The emperor said calmly to his ministers, "In ordinary days I heard only Li Delin's name; when I saw the edicts and proclamations he wrote for Qi I thought he must be a man from heaven. Who would have said that today I could have him at my command." Duke of Shenwu Yidouling Yi replied, "I have heard that the qilin and phoenix are auspicious signs for a king—they may be drawn by virtue, not seized by force. The qilin and phoenix, if obtained, are of no use. How can they compare with Delin, who is both an auspice and useful!" The emperor laughed and said, "Truly as you say."
29
9己巳，周主享太廟。 五月，丁丑，周以譙王儉為大塚宰。 庚辰。 以杞公亮為大司徒，鄭公達奚震為大宗伯，梁公侯莫陳芮為大司馬，應公獨孤永業為大司寇，鄭公韋孝寬為大司空。
9. On jisi the Zhou emperor offered in the Grand Temple. In the fifth month, on dingchou, Zhou appointed Prince Qiao Jian grand steward. On gengchen. Duke of Qi Liang was made grand minister of education, Duke of Zheng Daxi Zhen grand minister of rites, Duke of Liang Houmochen Rui grand minister of war, Duke of Ying Dugu Yongye grand minister of justice, and Duke of Zheng Wei Xiaokuan grand minister of works.
30
己丑，周主祭方丘。 詔以「路寢會義、崇信、含仁、雲和、思齊諸殿，皆晉公護專政時所為，事窮壯麗，有逾清廟，悉可毀撤。 雕斫之物，並賜貧民。 繕造之宜，務從卑樸。」 戊戌，又詔：「並、鄴諸堂殿壯麗者准此。」
On jichou the Zhou emperor sacrificed at the Square Mound. He decreed, "The halls of the Road Chamber—Huiyi, Chongxin, Hanren, Yunhe, Siqi, and the rest—were all built when Duke of Jin Hu held power; their extravagance exceeded the Clear Temple and shall all be torn down. Carved objects shall all be given to the poor. In repairs and construction, strive for simplicity and restraint." On wuxu he decreed again, "The grand halls of Bing and Ye shall follow this standard."
31
::臣光曰：周高祖可謂善處勝矣！ 他人勝則益奢，高祖勝而愈儉。
Sima Guang comments: Zhou Gaozu may be called skilled in handling victory! When others win they grow more extravagant; when Gaozu won he became more frugal.
32
10六月，丁卯，周主東巡。 秋，七月，丙戌，幸洛州。 八月，壬寅，議定權衡度量，頒之於四方。
10. In the sixth month, on dingmao, the Zhou emperor toured east. In autumn, the seventh month, on bingxu, he visited Luozhou. In the eighth month, on renyin, weights and measures were fixed and promulgated to the four quarters.
33
初，魏虜西涼之人，沒為隸戶，齊氏因之，仍供廝役。 周主滅齊，欲施寬惠，詔曰：「罪不及嗣，古有定科。 雜役之徒，獨異常憲，一從罪配，百代不免，罰既無窮，刑何以措！ 凡諸雜戶，悉放為民。」 自是無複雜戶。
Earlier, Wei had captured people of Western Liang and made them bond households; Qi continued the practice, still supplying menial service. When the Zhou emperor destroyed Qi he wished to show leniency and decreed, "Punishment does not reach descendants—antiquity had fixed statutes for this. Yet men of miscellaneous service alone stand outside ordinary law: once assigned for crime, for a hundred generations they are not released—when punishment is endless, how can punishments be set aside! All miscellaneous households shall be released as commoners." From this there were no more miscellaneous households.
34
甲子，鄭州獲九尾狐，已死，獻其骨。 周主曰：「瑞應之來，必彰有德。 若五品時敘，四海和平，乃能致此。 今無其時，恐非實錄。」 命焚之。
On jiazi Zhengzhou captured a nine-tailed fox, already dead, and presented its bones. The Zhou emperor said, "When auspicious signs appear, they must display one who possesses virtue. Only if the five ranks are timely ordered and the four seas are at peace can such things be brought forth. The time is not right; I fear this omen is not genuine." He ordered it burned.
35
11九月，戊寅，周制：「庶人已上，唯聽衣綢、綿綢、絲布、圓綾、紗、絹、綃、葛、布等九種，余悉禁之。 朝祭之服，不拘此制。」
11. In the ninth month, on wuyin, Zhou decreed: "Commoners and above may wear only nine kinds of cloth—silk gauze, cotton silk, silk cloth, round twill, gauze, thin silk, crepe silk, ramie, and plain cloth; everything else is forbidden. Court and sacrificial dress is exempt from this rule."
36
12冬，十月，戊申，周主如鄴。
12. In winter, the tenth month, on wushen, the Zhou emperor went to Ye.
37
13上聞周人滅齊，欲爭徐、兗，詔南兗州刺史、司空吳明徹督諸軍伐之，以其世子戎昭、將軍惠覺攝行州事。 明徹軍至呂梁，周徐州總管梁士彥帥眾拒戰，戊午，明徹擊破之。 士彥嬰城自守，明徹圍之。
13. The Chen emperor heard that the Zhou had destroyed Qi and wished to seize Xu and Yan; he ordered Wu Mingche, Minister of Works and inspector of Southern Yanzhou, to command the armies against them, while his heir Zhaorong and the general Hui Jue would govern the prefecture in his stead. Wu Mingche's army reached Lüliang. Liang Shiyan, the Zhou commissioner of Xuzhou, led troops to resist; on wuwu Mingche defeated him. Shiyan held the city and defended it; Mingche laid siege.
38
帝銳意以為河南指麾可定。 中書通事舍人蔡景歷諫曰：「師老將驕，不宜過窮遠略。」 帝怒，以為沮眾，出為豫章內史。 未行，有飛章劾景歷在省贓污狼籍，坐免官，削爵土。
The Chen emperor was convinced that the lands south of the Yellow River could be taken at a gesture. Cai Jingli, Master of Documents and communications attendant, remonstrated: "The troops are exhausted and the generals overconfident; you should not drive this distant campaign to extremes." The emperor was furious, took this as discouraging the host, and sent him out to be interior minister of Yuzhang. Before he could leave, an urgent memorial accused Jingli of rampant corruption in the ministry; he was dismissed, stripped of title and fief.
39
14周改葬德皇帝於冀州，周主服縗，哭於太極殿； 百官素服。
14. Zhou reburied the Virtuous Emperor in Jizhou; the Zhou emperor wore mourning hemp and wept in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; the hundred officials wore white mourning.
40
15周人誣溫公高緯與宜州刺史穆提婆謀反，並其宗族皆賜死。 眾人多自陳無之，高延宗獨攘袂泣而不言，以椒塞口而死。 唯緯弟仁英以清狂，仁雅以瘖疾得免，徙於蜀。 其餘親屬，不殺者散配西土，皆死於邊裔。
15. The Zhou falsely accused Duke of Wen Gao Wei and Yizhou inspector Mu Tipo of rebellion and put them and their entire clans to death. Most pleaded innocence; Gao Yanzong alone flung back his sleeve, wept in silence, and died with pepper stuffed in his mouth. Only Wei's younger brothers Renying, deemed feeble-minded, and Renya, mute from illness, were spared and exiled to Shu. The rest of the kin, those not executed, were scattered across the western marches and perished on the borders.
41
周主以高湝妻盧氏賜其將斛斯征。 盧氏蓬首垢面，長齋，不言笑。 征放之，乃為尼。 齊後、妃貧者，至以賣燭為業。
The Zhou emperor gave Gao Shao's wife, Lady Lu, to his general Husi Zheng. Lady Lu let her hair tangle and her face go filthy, kept perpetual fasts, and neither spoke nor smiled. Zheng released her, and she took the veil. Qi empresses and consorts reduced to poverty sold candles for a living.
42
16十一月，壬申，周立皇子衍為道王，兌為蔡王。
16. In the eleventh month, on renshen, Zhou enfeoffed Prince Yan as Prince of Dao and Prince Dui as Prince of Cai.
43
17癸酉，周遣上大將軍王軌將兵救徐州。 初，周人敗齊師於晉州，乘勝逐北。 齊人所棄甲仗，未暇收斂，稽胡乘間竊出，並盜而有之。 仍立劉蠡升之孫沒鐸為主，號聖武皇帝，改元石平。
17. On guiyou Zhou dispatched Grand General Wang Gui to lead troops to relieve Xuzhou. Earlier, the Zhou had routed the Qi at Jinzhou and pressed the pursuit northward. Qi had abandoned armor and weapons with no time to recover them; the Jiehu slipped out in the gap and made off with the lot. They enthroned Liu Lisheng's grandson Mo Duo as Holy Martial Emperor and adopted the era name Shiping.
44
周人既克關東，將討稽胡，議欲窮其巢穴。 齊王憲曰：「步落稽種類既多，又山谷險絕，王師一舉，未可盡除。 且當剪其魁首，余加慰撫。」 周主從之，以憲為行軍元帥，督諸軍討之。 至馬邑，分道俱進。 沒鐸分遣其黨天柱守河東，穆支守河西，據險以拒之。 憲命譙王儉擊天柱，滕王逌擊穆支，並破之，斬首萬餘級。 趙王招擊沒鐸，擒之，餘眾皆降。
After conquering the eastern lands, the Zhou prepared to subdue the Jiehu and debated rooting out their nests entirely. Prince of Qi Xian said: "The Buzhuo Jie are many tribes in rugged mountain country; a single royal campaign cannot exterminate them all. Cut down the leaders for now and soothe the rest." The Zhou emperor agreed, appointing Xian campaign marshal to direct the punitive armies. At Mayi they split into columns and advanced together. Mo Duo sent his followers Tianzhu to hold Hedong and Muzhi to hold Hexi, blocking the passes. Xian sent Prince of Qiao Jian against Tianzhu and Prince of Teng You against Muzhi; both were crushed, with more than ten thousand heads taken. Prince of Zhao Zhao attacked Mo Duo, captured him, and the remainder surrendered.
45
18周詔：「自永熙三年以來，東土之民掠為奴婢，及克江陵之日，良人沒為奴婢者，並放為良。」 又詔：「後宮唯置妃二人，世婦三人，御妻三人，此外皆減之。」
18. Zhou decreed: "Since the third year of Yongxi, easterners seized as slaves, and those made slaves when Jiangling fell—all are restored to free status." Another decree: "The rear palace shall keep only two consorts, three palace ladies, and three imperial wives; all others are dismissed."
46
周主性節儉，常服布袍，寢布被，後宮不過十餘人； 每行兵，親在行陳，步涉山谷，人所不堪； 撫將士有恩，而明察果斷，用法嚴峻。 由是將士畏威而樂為之死。
The Zhou emperor was frugal by nature, wore plain cloth robes, slept under cloth quilts, and kept fewer than a dozen women in the rear palace; on campaign he marched in the ranks himself, footing valleys on foot that broke ordinary men; he showed officers kindness yet was sharp-eyed and decisive, enforcing the law without mercy. Soldiers feared his stern rule yet were glad to die for him.
47
19己亥晦，日有食之。
19. On the last day of jihai, the sun was eclipsed.
48
20周初行《刑書要制》：群盜贓一匹，及正、長隱五丁、若地頃以上，皆死。
20. Zhou first enforced the Essential Regulations of the Penal Statutes: theft of a single bolt, or village heads concealing five households or a qing of land—all punishable by death.
49
21十二月，戊申，新作東宮成，太子徙居之。
21. In the twelfth month, on wushen, the new Eastern Palace was finished and the Crown Prince took residence.
50
22庚申，周主如并州，移并州軍民四萬戶於關中。 戊辰，廢并州宮及六府。
22. On gengshen the Zhou emperor went to Bingzhou and relocated forty thousand Bingzhou households to Guanzhong. On wuchen the Bingzhou palace and six ministries were abolished.
51
23高寶寧自黃龍上表勸進於高紹義，紹義遂稱皇帝，改元武平，以寶寧為丞相。 突厥佗缽可汗舉兵助之。
23. Gao Baoning of Huanglong memorialized urging Gao Shaoyi to take the throne; Shaoyi declared himself emperor, adopted the era Wuping, and made Baoning chancellor. The Tujue khan Tuobo raised an army to support him.
52
1春，正月，壬午，周主幸鄴； 辛卯，幸懷州； 癸巳，幸洛州。 置懷州宮。
1. In spring, the first month, on renwu, the Zhou emperor visited Ye; on xinmao he visited Huaizhou; on guisi he visited Luozhou. A palace was established at Huaizhou.
53
2二月，甲辰，周譙孝王儉卒。
2. In the second month, on jiachen, Zhou Prince of Qiao, Xiaowang Jian, died.
54
3丁巳，周主還長安。
3. On dingsi the Zhou emperor returned to Chang'an.
55
4吳明徹圍周彭城，環列舟艦於城下，攻之甚急。 王軌引兵輕行，據淮口，結長圍，以鐵鎖貫車輪數百，沈之清水，以遏陳船歸路，軍中恟懼。 譙州刺史蕭摩訶言於明徹曰：「聞王軌始鎖下流，其兩端築城，今尚未立，公若見遣擊之，彼必不敢相拒。 水路未斷，賊勢不堅； 彼城若立，則吾屬必為虜矣。 明徹奮髯曰：「搴旗陷陳，將軍事也； 長算遠略，老夫事也。」 摩訶失色而退。 一旬之間，水路遂斷。
4. Wu Mingche besieged Pengcheng, ringed the walls with warships, and pressed the attack relentlessly. Wang Gui marched lightly, seized the Huai mouth, drew a long encirclement, threaded iron chains through hundreds of chariot wheels, and sank them in the shallows to cut off the Chen fleet's retreat; panic spread through the army. Qiaozhou inspector Xiao Mohe told Mingche: "Wang Gui has begun to block the lower river and is building forts at both ends—they are not finished yet. Send me to attack, and they will not dare stand. The waterway is still open; their position is not yet secure; once those forts stand, we are finished. Mingche stroked his beard and said: "Seizing banners and breaking the line—that is a general's work; grand strategy is this old man's work." Mohe turned pale and withdrew. Within ten days the waterway was sealed.
56
周兵益至，諸將議破堰拔軍，以舫載馬而去。 馬主裴子烈曰：「若破堰下船，船必傾倒，不如先遣馬出。」 時明徹苦背疾甚篤，蕭摩訶復請曰：「今求戰不得，進退無路。 若潛軍突圍，未足為恥。 願公帥步卒、乘馬輿徐行，摩訶領鐵騎數千驅馳前後，必當使公安達京邑。」 明徹曰：「弟之此策，乃良圖也。 然步軍既多，吾為總督，必須身居其後，相帥兼行。 弟馬軍宜須在前，不可遲緩。」 摩訶因帥馬軍夜發。 甲子，明徹決堰，乘水勢退軍。 冀以入淮。 至清口，水勢漸微，舟艦並礙車輪，不復得過。 王軌引兵圍而蹙之，眾潰。 明徹為周人所執，將士三萬並器械輜重皆沒於周。 蕭摩訶以精騎八十居前突圍，眾騎繼之，比旦，達淮南，與將軍任忠、周羅□獨全軍得還。
More Zhou troops arrived; the generals debated breaching the dam and withdrawing by boat with the horses. Master of horses Pei Zilie said: "If we breach the dam and board, the boats will capsize—send the horses out first." Mingche was gravely ill with back pain; Xiao Mohe pleaded again: "We cannot force battle; there is no way forward or back. A stealthy breakout is no great shame. Let you lead the foot soldiers in a litter at an easy pace; I will take several thousand iron cavalry before and behind—you will reach the capital safely." Mingche said: "Brother, that is sound counsel. But the foot are numerous; as commander I must bring up the rear and march with them. Your cavalry must ride ahead—do not linger." Mohe led the cavalry away that night. On jiazi Mingche breached the dam and withdrew on the current. He meant to reach the Huai. At Qingkou the current weakened; the ships snagged on the sunken wheels and could not pass. Wang Gui closed in and crushed them; the army broke. Mingche was captured; thirty thousand men, with arms and baggage, were lost to Zhou. Xiao Mohe led eighty elite horsemen in the van to break out; the rest followed; by dawn they reached south of the Huai, and with the generals Ren Zhong and Zhou Luohou alone brought the army home intact.
57
初，帝謀取彭、汴，以問五兵尚書毛喜，對曰：「淮左新平，邊民未輯。 周氏始吞齊國，難與爭鋒。 且棄舟□戢之工，踐車騎之地，去長就短，非吳人所便。 臣愚以為不若安民保境，寢兵結好，斯久長之術也。」 及明徹敗，帝謂喜曰：「卿言驗於今矣。」 即日，召蔡景歷，復以為征南咨議參軍。
Earlier, when the Chen emperor planned to take Peng and Bian, he asked Mao Xi, Minister of the Five Arms, who said: "The Huai region has only just been pacified; the border people are not yet settled. Zhou has just swallowed Qi; this is no moment to test their strength. To abandon boat□ warfare and oar craft for chariot and cavalry country—trading our strength for weakness—is not what men of Wu do well. I would settle the people, hold the borders, lay down arms, and seek peace—that is the lasting course." After Mingche's defeat the emperor told Xi: "Your warning has proved true today." That same day he recalled Cai Jingli and restored him as staff adviser for the southern expedition.
58
5周主封吳明徹為懷德公，位大將軍。 明徹憂憤而卒。
5. The Zhou emperor enfeoffed Wu Mingche as Duke of Huaide with the rank of Grand General. Mingche died of grief and rage.
59
6乙丑，周以越王盛為大塚宰。
6. On yichou Zhou appointed Prince of Yue Sheng Grand Chamberlain.
60
7三月，戊辰，周於蒲州置宮，廢同州及長春二宮。
7. In the third month, on wuchen, Zhou built a palace at Puzhou and abolished the palaces at Tongzhou and Changchun.
61
8甲戌，周主初服常冠，以皁紗全幅向後襆發，仍裁為四腳。
8. On jiaxu the Zhou emperor first wore the ordinary cap, wrapping a full width of black gauze back over the hair and cutting it into four corners.
62
9丙子，命中軍大將軍、開府儀同三司淳於量為大都督，總水陸諸軍事，鎮西將軍孫瑒督荊、郢諸軍，平北將軍樊毅都督清口上至荊山緣淮諸軍，寧遠將軍任忠都督壽陽、新蔡、霍州諸軍，以備周。
9. On bingzi he appointed Grand General Chunyu Liang, Commissioner with Opening of the Government authority, as Grand Commander of land and sea forces; Western Garrison General Sun Chang to command the Jing and Ying armies; Pacifier of the North Fan Yi to command the Huai from Qingkou to Jingshan; and Far-pacifying General Ren Zhong to command Shouyang, Xincai, and Huozhou—all to guard against Zhou.
63
10乙酉，大赦。
10. On yiyou, a general amnesty.
64
11壬辰，周改元宣政。
11. On renchen Zhou changed the era name to Xuanzheng.
65
12夏，四月，庚申，突厥寇周幽州，殺掠吏民。
12. In summer, the fourth month, on gengshen, the Tujue raided Zhou's Youzhou, killing and plundering officials and people.
66
13戊午，樊毅遣軍渡淮北，對清口築城。 壬戌，清口城不守。
13. On wuwu Fan Yi sent troops north of the Huai and built a city opposite Qingkou. On renxu Qingkou fell.
67
14五月，己丑，周高祖帥諸軍伐突厥，遣柱國原公姬願、東平公神舉等將兵五道俱入。
14. In the fifth month, on jichou, Zhou Gaozu led the armies against the Tujue, sending the pillar Duke of Yuan Ji Yuan, Duke of Dongping Shenju, and others in five columns.
68
癸巳，帝不豫，留止雲陽宮； 丙申，詔停諸軍。 驛召宗師宇文孝伯赴行在所，帝執其手曰：「吾自量必無濟理，以後事付君。」 是夜，授孝伯司衛上大夫，總宿衛兵。 又令馳驛入京鎮守，以備非常。 六月，丁酉朔，帝疾甚，還長安； 是夕殂，年三十六。
On guisi the Zhou emperor fell ill and remained at the Yunyang Palace; on bingshen he ordered all armies to stand down. He summoned Imperial Preceptor Yuwen Xiaobo by urgent relay to the imperial camp; the Zhou emperor took his hand and said, "I know in my heart that I cannot recover; I leave what comes after to you." That night he made Xiaobo Senior Superintendent of the Palace Guards and put him in charge of all the night watch. He also ordered him to ride post-horses to the capital to hold it against any emergency. In the sixth month, on the first day of the month (dingyou), the Zhou emperor grew critically ill and returned to Chang'an; that evening he died, at the age of thirty-six.
69
15戊戌，太子即位。 尊皇后阿史那氏為皇太后。 宣帝始立，即逞奢欲。 大行在殯，曾無戚容，捫其杖痕，大罵曰：「死晚矣！」 閱視高祖宮人，逼為淫慾。 超拜吏部下大夫鄭譯為開府儀同大將軍、內史中大夫，委以朝政。
15. On wuxu the crown prince took the throne. Empress Ashina was elevated to empress dowager. As soon as Emperor Xuān came to the throne, he gave free rein to extravagance and lust. With his father still in the coffin, he showed no sign of mourning; he fingered the cane marks on his body and cursed aloud, "You should have died sooner!" He went through the palace women of Emperor Gaozu and forced them to satisfy his desires. He leapfrogged Zheng Yi, a junior minister in the Ministry of Personnel, to Grand General of the Palace with the honors of the Three Excellencies and Grand Master of the Palace Secretariat, and put the government in his hands.
70
己未，葬武皇帝於孝陵，廟號高祖。 既葬，詔內外公除，帝及六宮皆議即吉。 京兆郡丞樂運上疏，以為「葬期既促，事訖即除，太為汲汲。」 帝不從。
On jiwei Emperor Wu was buried at Xiaoling with the temple name Gaozu. After the burial he ordered mourning ended throughout the court and the realm; the emperor and the six palaces all debated ending mourning at once. Yue Yun, assistant magistrate of Jingzhao, memorialized that "the burial had already been rushed, and to end mourning as soon as it was over was far too hasty." The emperor would not listen.
71
帝以齊煬王憲屬尊望重，忌之。 謂宇文孝伯曰：「公能為朕圖齊王，當以其官相授。」 孝伯叩頭曰：「先帝遺詔，不許濫誅骨肉。 齊王，陛下為叔父，功高德茂，社稷重臣。 陛下若無故害之，臣又順旨曲從，則臣為不忠之臣，陛下為不孝之子矣。」 帝不懌，由是疏之。 乃與開府儀同大將軍於智、鄭譯等密謀之，使智就宅候憲，因告憲有異謀。
The emperor resented Prince Xian of Qi, the Prince Yang, for his rank and renown. He told Yuwen Xiaobo, "If you can rid me of the Prince of Qi, I will give you his post." Xiaobo kowtowed and said, "The late emperor's will forbade killing kinsmen without cause. The Prince of Qi is Your Majesty's uncle; his merit and virtue are great, and he is a pillar of the realm. If Your Majesty harms him without cause and I go along to please you, I become a disloyal minister and Your Majesty an unfilial son." The emperor took offense and from then on kept his distance. He then plotted in secret with Grand General of the Palace Yu Zhi, Zheng Yi, and others, sending Zhi to wait at Xian's house and accuse him of treason.
72
甲子，帝遣宇文孝伯語憲，欲以憲為太師，憲辭讓。 又使孝伯召憲，曰：「晚與諸王俱入。」 既至殿門，憲獨被引進。 帝先伏壯士於別室，至，即執之。 憲自辨理，帝使於智證憲，憲目光如炬，與智相質。 或謂憲曰：「以王今日事勢，何用多言！」 憲曰：「死生有命，寧復圖存！ 但老母在堂，恐留茲恨耳！」 因擲笏於地。 遂縊之。
On jiazi the emperor sent Yuwen Xiaobo to tell Xian he meant to make him Grand Preceptor; Xian declined. He again had Xiaobo summon Xian, saying, "Come in this evening with the other princes." When they reached the palace gate, Xian alone was brought inside. The emperor had already posted braves in a side chamber; as soon as Xian arrived, they seized him. Xian pleaded his own case; the emperor had Yu Zhi bear witness against him; Xian's eyes blazed as he faced Zhi down. Someone said to Xian, "With your situation today, Prince, what good is more talk!" Xian said, "Life and death are fated; I would not scheme to survive! Only that my old mother is still alive—I fear to leave her this grief!" With that he flung his court tablet to the floor. They then strangled him.
73
帝召憲僚屬，使證成憲罪。 參軍勃海李綱，誓之以死，終無橈辭。 有司以露車載憲屍而出，故吏皆散，唯李綱撫棺號慟，躬自瘞之，哭拜而去。
The emperor summoned Xian's staff and forced them to confirm his guilt. His staff adviser Li Gang of Bohai swore he would die rather than yield, and never bent his testimony. The authorities carried Xian's body out on an open cart; his old retainers scattered, but Li Gang alone mourned over the coffin, buried him with his own hands, and left bowing and weeping.
74
又殺上大將軍王興、上開府儀同大將軍獨孤熊、開府儀同大將軍豆盧紹，皆素與憲親善者也。 帝既誅憲而無名，乃雲與興等謀反，時人謂之「伴死」。
He also killed Senior Grand General Wang Xing, Senior Palace General Dugu Xiong, and Palace General Doulu Shao—all men who had been close to Xian. Having killed Xian without a proper charge, the emperor claimed that he and Xing and the others had plotted rebellion; contemporaries called it "tagged along in death."
75
以于智為柱國，封齊公，以賞之。
He made Yu Zhi a pillar of state, enfeoffed him as Duke of Qi, and rewarded him.
76
16閏月，乙亥，周主立妃楊氏為皇后。
16. In the intercalary month, on yihai, the Zhou emperor made Lady Yang empress.
77
17辛巳，周以趙王招為太師，陳王純為太傅。
17. On xinsi Zhou appointed Prince Zhao of Zhao Grand Preceptor and Prince Chun of Chen Grand Tutor.
78
18齊范陽王紹義聞周高祖殂，以為得天助。 幽州人盧昌期，起兵據范陽，迎紹義，紹義引突厥兵赴之。 周遣柱國東平公神舉將兵討昌期。 紹義聞幽州總管出兵在外，欲乘虛襲薊，神舉遣大將軍宇文恩將四千人救之，半為紹義所殺。 會神舉克范陽，擒昌期。 紹義聞之，素衣舉哀，還入突厥。 高寶寧帥夷、夏數萬騎救范陽，至潞水，聞昌期死，還，據和龍。
18. Gao Shaoyi, Prince of Fanyang of Qi, heard that Zhou Gaozu had died and took it as Heaven's help. Lu Changqi of Youzhou rose in arms, seized Fanyang, and welcomed Shaoyi, who brought Turkic forces to his aid. Zhou sent the pillar of state Shenju, Duke of Dongping, with an army against Changqi. Shaoyi heard the Youzhou commander was away with his army and meant to strike Ji while it was undefended; Shenju sent Grand General Yuwen En with four thousand men to relieve it, and Shaoyi killed half of them. Meanwhile Shenju took Fanyang and captured Changqi. When Shaoyi heard, he put on mourning white and fled back to the Turks. Gao Baoning led tens of thousands of Yi and Xia horsemen to relieve Fanyang; at Lushui he learned Changqi was dead, turned back, and seized Helong.
79
19秋，七月，周主享太廟； 丙午，祀圜丘。
19. In autumn, the seventh month, the Zhou emperor sacrificed at the Grand Temple; on bingwu he sacrificed at the Round Mound.
80
20庚戌，周以小宗伯斛斯征為大宗伯。 壬戌，以亳州總管楊堅為上柱國、大司馬。
20. On gengxu Zhou made Junior Director of the Ancestral Temple Husi Zheng Grand Director of the Ancestral Temple. On renxu he made Bozhou regional commander Yang Jian supreme pillar of state and Grand Marshal.
81
21癸亥，周主尊所生母李氏為帝太后。
21. On guihai the Zhou emperor honored his birth mother Lady Li as Empress Dowager of the Emperor.
82
22八月，丙寅，周主祀西郊； 壬申，如同州。 以大司徒杞公亮為安州總管，上柱國長孫覽為大司徒，楊公王誼為大司空。 丙戌，以永昌公椿為大司寇。
22. In the eighth month, on bingyin, the Zhou emperor sacrificed at the western suburb; on renshen he went to Tongzhou as before. He made Duke Liang of Qi regional commander of Anzhou, supreme pillar Zhangsun Lan Grand Chamberlain, and Duke Wang Yi of Yang Grand Minister of Works. On bingxu he made Duke Chun of Yongchang Grand Minister of Justice.
83
23九月，乙巳，立方明壇於婁湖。 戊申，以揚州刺史始興王叔陵為王官伯，臨盟百官。
23. In the ninth month, on yisi, the Bright Square altar was erected at Lou Lake. On wushen Prince Shuling of Shixing, Yangzhou regional inspector, was made king-official chief to preside over the oath before all officials.
84
24庚戌，周主封其弟元為荊王。
24. On gengxu the Zhou emperor enfeoffed his younger brother Yuan as Prince of Jing.
85
25周主詔：「諸應拜者，皆以三拜成禮。」
25. The Zhou emperor decreed: "All who should bow shall complete the rite with three bows."
86
26甲寅，上幸婁湖誓眾。 乙卯，分遣大使以盟誓班下四方，上下相警戒。
26. On jiayin the Chen emperor went in person to Lou Lake to swear in the host. On yimao he sent great envoys in every direction to publish the oath, so court and country alike might hold one another to it.
87
27冬，十月，癸酉，周主還長安。 以大司空王誼為襄州總管。 戊子，以尚書左僕射陸繕為尚書僕射。
27. In winter, the tenth month, on guiyou, the Zhou emperor returned to Chang'an. He made Grand Minister of Works Wang Yi regional commander of Xiangzhou. On wuzi he made Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat Lu Chan Director of the Imperial Secretariat.
88
28十一月，突厥寇周邊，圍酒泉，殺掠吏民。
28. In the eleventh month the Turks raided Zhou's frontier, besieged Jiuquan, and killed and plundered officials and civilians.
89
29十二月，甲子，周以畢王賢為大司空。
29. In the twelfth month, on jiazi, Zhou made Prince Xian of Bi Grand Minister of Works.
90
30己丑，周以河陽總管滕王逌為行軍元帥，帥眾入寇。
30. On jichou Zhou made Heyang regional commander Prince You of Teng commander-in-chief of the expeditionary army and led a force in invasion.
91
1春，正月，癸巳，周主受朝於露門，始與群臣服漢、魏衣冠； 大赦，改元大成。 置四輔官：以大塚宰越王盛為大前疑，相州總管蜀公尉遲迥為大右弼，申公李穆為大左輔，大司馬隨公楊堅為大後承。
1. In spring, the first month, on guisi, the Zhou emperor held court at the Dew Gate and for the first time he and his ministers wore Han and Wei dress; he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Dacheng. He created four assistant posts: Grand Steward Prince Sheng of Yue became Grand Former Doubt, Xiangzhou commander Duke Jiong of Shu Yuchi Jiong Grand Right Assistant, Duke Li of Shen Li Mu Grand Left Assistant, and Grand Marshal Duke Jian of Sui Yang Jian Grand Rear Bearer.
92
周主之初立也，以高祖《刑書要制》為太重而除之，又數行赦宥。 京兆郡丞樂運上疏，以為：「《虞書》所稱『眚災肆赦』，謂過誤為害，當緩赦之。 《呂刑》云：『五刑之疑有赦。』 謂刑疑從罰，罰疑從免也。 謹尋經典，未有罪無輕重，溥天大赦之文。 大尊豈可數施非常之惠，以肆奸宄之惡乎！」 帝不納。 既而民輕犯法，又自以奢淫多過失，惡人規諫，欲為威虐，懾服群下。 乃更為《刑經聖制》，用法益深，大醮於正武殿，告天而行之。 密令左右伺察群臣，小有過失，輒行誅譴。
When the Zhou emperor had first come to the throne, he found Gaozu's Essential Penal Statutes too harsh and repealed them, and he granted amnesties again and again. Yue Yun of Jingzhao memorialized that "the Documents of Yu speaks of 'pardoning errors that bring disaster,' meaning harm done by mistake should be pardoned leniently. The Punishments of Lü says, 'When the five punishments are in doubt, pardon.' That means when punishment is doubtful, apply penalty; when penalty is doubtful, grant exemption. Searching the classics carefully, one finds no passage of blanket amnesty without regard to the gravity of the crime. How can the Grand Lord repeatedly grant extraordinary favors and thereby unleash the wickedness of traitors and villains!" The emperor would not listen. Before long the people held the law cheap; he himself was given to extravagance and excess, hated criticism, and sought to cow his subjects with cruelty. He then promulgated a new Sacred Penal Canon with harsher penalties, held a great oath ceremony in the Hall of Correct Martial, and proclaimed it to Heaven. He secretly ordered his attendants to spy on the ministers; the slightest fault brought execution or punishment.
93
又，居喪才逾年，即恣聲樂，魚龍百戲，常陳殿前，累日繼夜，不知休息； 多聚美女以實後宮，增置位號，不可詳錄。 游宴沉湎，或旬日不出，群臣請事者，皆因宦者奏之。 於是樂運輿櫬詣朝堂，陳帝八失：其一，以為「大尊比來事多獨斷，不參諸宰輔，與眾共之」。 其二，「搜美女以實後宮，儀同以上女不許輒嫁，貴賤同怨」。 其三，「大尊一入後宮，數日不出，所須聞奏，多附宦者」。 其四，「下詔寬刑，未及半年，更嚴前制」。 其五，「高祖斫雕為樸，崩未逾年，而遽窮奢麗」。 其六，「徭賦下民，以奉俳優角抵」。 其七，「上書字誤者，即治其罪，杜獻書之路」。 其八，「玄象垂誡，不能咨諏善道，修布德政」。 「若不革茲八事，臣見周廟不血食矣。」 帝大怒，將殺之。 朝臣恐懼，莫有救者。 內史中大夫洛陽元巖漢曰：「臧洪同死，人猶願之，況比干乎！ 若樂運不免，吾將與之俱斃。」 乃詣閣請見，曰：「樂運不顧其死，欲以求名。 陛下不如勞而遣之，以廣聖度。」 帝頗感悟。 明日，召運，謂曰：「朕昨夜思卿所奏，實為忠臣。」 賜御食而罷之。
Moreover, barely a year into mourning he gave himself over to music; fish-and-dragon entertainments and a hundred acts filled the hall day after day, night after night, without rest; he packed the rear palace with beautiful women and added ranks and titles too many to list. He drowned himself in feasts and outings and sometimes did not leave the palace for ten days; any minister with business had to reach him through eunuchs. Then Yue Yun came to court carrying his coffin and laid out the emperor's eight faults: first, that "the Grand Lord of late decides too much alone, without consulting the chief ministers or sharing rule with the court." Second, "he hunts beautiful women for the rear palace and forbids daughters of officials of the third rank and above to marry at will, so high and low alike resent it." Third, "once the Grand Lord enters the rear palace he stays for days; business that should reach him mostly goes through eunuchs." Fourth, "he issued an edict to lighten punishments, yet before half a year had passed he was harsher than before." Fifth, "Gaozu stripped ornament for simplicity; not a year since his death, and the Grand Lord rushes into extravagance." Sixth, "he burdens the people with corvée and taxes to feed actors and wrestlers." Seventh, "whoever makes a slip in a memorial character is punished at once, shutting the door to honest memorials." Eighth, "Heaven sends warnings in the sky, yet he will not seek good counsel or spread virtuous rule." "Unless these eight are corrected, I see Zhou's ancestral temple receiving no sacrifices." The emperor flew into a rage and was about to execute him. The court was terrified; no one dared speak for him. Grand Master of the Palace Secretariat Yuan Yan of Luoyang said, "When Zang Hong chose death with his lord, men still admired him; how much more Bi Gan! If Yue Yun is not spared, I mean to die with him." He went to the gate and asked to see the emperor, saying, "Yue Yun courts death to win a name. Your Majesty would do better to spare him with honor and let him go, and so show your magnanimity." The emperor was deeply moved. The next day he summoned Yue Yun and said, "I spent last night thinking over what you submitted; you are a true loyal minister." He gave him food from the imperial table and let him go.
94
2癸卯，周立皇子闡為魯王。
2. On guimao Zhou invested Prince Chan as King of Lu.
95
甲辰，周主東巡； 丙午，以許公宇文善為大宗伯。 戊午，周主至洛陽； 立魯王闡為皇太子。
On jiachen the Zhou emperor set out on an eastern tour; on bingwu he made Duke of Xu Yuwen Shan Grand Minister of Protocol. On wuwu the Zhou emperor arrived at Luoyang; he invested King of Lu Chan as crown prince.
96
3二月，癸亥，上耕藉田。
3. In the second month, on guihai, the emperor performed the ploughing ceremony in the sacred field.
97
4周下詔，以洛陽為東京； 發山東諸州兵治洛陽宮，常役四萬人。 徒相州六府於洛陽。
4. Zhou issued an edict designating Luoyang as the Eastern Capital; it called up soldiers from the eastern provinces to rebuild the Luoyang palace, keeping forty thousand men on standing corvée. It transferred the six offices of Xiangzhou to Luoyang.
98
5周徐州總管王軌，聞鄭譯用事，自知及禍，謂所親曰：「吾昔在先朝，實申社稷至計。 今日之事，斷可知矣。 此州控帶淮南，鄰接強寇，欲為身計，易如反掌。 但忠義之節，不可虧違，況荷先帝厚恩，豈可以獲罪於嗣主，遽忘之邪！ 正可於此待死，冀千載之後，知吾此心耳！」
5. Zhou Xuzhou regional commander Wang Gui, learning that Zheng Yi was in charge, knew his end was near and told his intimates, "Under the late emperor I spoke the deepest plans for the realm's survival. What is happening now was easy to foresee. This province commands the Huai and lies next to a strong enemy; if I schemed for myself, it would be easy as turning my hand. But loyalty and righteousness cannot be bent; and having received the late emperor's great favor, how could I forget it and offend his heir! I can only wait here for death, in the hope that a thousand years from now men will know what I meant!"
99
周主從容問譯曰：「我腳杖痕，誰所為也？」 對曰：「事由烏丸軌、宇文孝伯。」 因言軌捋鬚事。 帝使內史杜慶信就州殺軌，元巖不肯署詔。 御正中大夫顏之儀切諫，帝不聽，巖進繼之，脫巾頓顙，三拜三進。 帝曰：「汝欲黨烏丸軌邪？」 巖曰：「臣非黨軌，正恐濫誅失天下之望。」 帝怒，使閹豎搏其面。 軌遂死，巖亦廢於家。 遠近知與不知，皆為軌流涕。 之儀，之推之弟也。
The Zhou emperor casually asked Zheng Yi, "Who gave me these cane marks on my feet?" He answered, "It came from Wuhuan Gui and Yuwen Xiaobo." He then brought up how Gui had grabbed his beard. The emperor sent Palace Secretariat officer Du Qingxin to the province to execute Gui; Yuan Yan would not sign the edict. Chief Master of the Imperial Rectifier Yan Zhiyi argued fiercely; the emperor would not heed him, and Yan pressed forward, removing his cap and striking his brow, bowing three times and advancing three times. The emperor said, "Do you mean to shield Wuhuan Gui?" Yuan Yan said, "I am not shielding Gui; I fear that killing without cause will cost you the world's trust." The emperor flew into a rage and had eunuchs beat his face. Gui was put to death, and Yuan Yan was sent home in disgrace. Near and far, all who knew him and all who did not wept for Gui. Zhiyi was the younger brother of Yan Zhi Tui.
100
周主之為太子也，上柱國尉遲運為宮正，數進諫，不用； 又與王軌、宇文孝伯、宇文神舉皆為高祖所親待，太子疑其同毀己。 及軌死，運懼，私謂孝伯曰：「吾徒必不免禍，為之奈何？」 孝伯曰：「今堂上有老母，地下有武帝。 為臣為子，知欲何之！ 且委質事人，本徇名義； 諫而不入，死焉可逃！ 足下若為身計，宜且遠之。」 於是運求出為秦州總管。
While the Zhou heir apparent was still crown prince, Senior Pillar of State Yuchi Yun had been director of the palace establishment and often remonstrated, without effect; he, Wang Gui, Yuwen Xiaobo, and Yuwen Shenju had all been favored by Gaozu, and the crown prince suspected they were plotting together to ruin him. After Gui died, Yun was terrified and said privately to Xiaobo, "Our group cannot escape calamity—what can we do?" Xiaobo said, "Above, there is an old mother in the hall; below, there is Emperor Wu in his tomb. As subject and as son, you know where you must go! Besides, we pledged ourselves to serve him for honor's sake; if he will not heed counsel, death is the only escape! If you are scheming for yourself, you had better keep away for now." Yun then asked to be sent out as Qinzhou regional commander.
101
他日，帝托以齊王憲事讓孝伯曰：「公知齊王謀反，何以不言？」 對曰：「臣知齊王忠於社稷，為群小所譖，言必不用，所以不言。 且先帝付囑微臣，唯令輔導陛下。 今諫而不從，實負顧托。 以此為罪，是所甘心。」 帝大慚，俯首不語，命將出，賜死於家。
On another day the emperor, using the case of Prince Xian of Qi as a pretext, reproached Xiaobo: "You knew the Prince of Qi was plotting rebellion—why did you not speak?" He answered, "I knew the Prince of Qi was loyal to the dynasty and was maligned by petty men; I knew my words would not be heeded, so I kept silent. Moreover the late emperor entrusted me only to assist and guide Your Majesty. Now that you will not heed counsel, I have failed that charge. If that is my crime, I accept it gladly." The emperor was deeply shamed, bowed his head in silence, ordered him taken out, and had him die at home by imperial gift.
102
時宇文神舉為并州刺史，帝遣使就州鴆殺之。 尉遲運至秦州，亦以憂死。
Yuwen Shenju was then regional commander of Bingzhou; the emperor sent an envoy to the province to kill him with poisoned wine. Yuchi Yun reached Qinzhou and likewise died of grief.
103
6周罷南伐諸軍。
6. Zhou stood down the armies for the southern campaign.
104
突厥佗缽可汗請和於周，周主以趙王招女為千金公主，妻之，且命執送高紹義； 佗缽不從。
The Tujue khan Tabo asked Zhou for peace; the Zhou emperor gave Prince Zhao Zhao's daughter as Princess Qianjin in marriage and also ordered Tabo to seize and hand over Gao Shaoyi; Tabo refused.
105
7辛巳，周宣帝傳位於太子闡，大赦，改元大象，自稱天元皇帝，所居稱「天台」，冕二十四旒，車服旗鼓皆倍於前王之數。 皇帝稱正陽宮，置納言、御正、諸衛等官，皆准天台。 尊皇太后為天元皇太后。
7. On xinsi Emperor Xuān of Zhou abdicated to Crown Prince Chan, declared a general amnesty, changed the era name to Great Elephant, styled himself Lord of Heaven Emperor, named his residence the Terrace of Heaven, took a twenty-four-tassel crown, and doubled every count of chariots, robes, banners, and drums that former kings had used. The reigning emperor was lodged at the Zhengyang Palace, with posts such as Counselor-in-Chief, Imperial Rectifier, and the various guards, all patterned on the Terrace of Heaven. The empress dowager was elevated to Lord of Heaven Empress Dowager.
106
天元既傳位，驕侈彌甚，務自尊大，無所顧憚，國之儀典，率情變更。 每對臣下自稱為天、用樽、彝、珪、瓚以飲食。 令群臣朝天台者，致齋三日，清身一日。 既自比上帝，不欲群臣同己，常自帶綬，及冠通天冠，加金附蟬，顧見侍臣弁上有金蟬及王公有綬者，並令去之。 不聽人有「天」、「高」、「上」、「大」之稱，官名有犯，皆改之。 改姓高者為「姜」，九族稱高祖者為「長祖」。 又令天下車皆以渾木為輪。 禁天下婦人不得施粉黛，自非宮人，皆黃眉墨汝。
After Lord Yuan had abdicated, his arrogance and extravagance only grew; he insisted on his own grandeur and shrank from nothing, changing the state's ritual codes on impulse. Before his ministers he called himself Heaven and ate and drank from ritual vessels reserved for the sacred—zun, yi, gui, and zan. He required ministers who attended the Terrace of Heaven to fast three days and purify themselves for one day. Having likened himself to God, he would not let ministers match him: he always wore the ceremonial sash himself, and on his Through-Heaven cap added a gold cicada ornament; whenever he noticed attendants with cicadas on their caps or kings and dukes wearing sashes, he had them removed. He forbade anyone to use the words heaven, high, upper, or great; any office title that infringed was changed. He changed the surname Gao to Jiang, and the nine clans' term for Gaozu to Chief Ancestor. He also ordered every cart in the realm to use solid wooden wheels. He banned women throughout the realm from using powder and rouge; except for palace women, all were to paint their brows yellow and black.
107
每召侍臣論議，唯欲興造變革，未嘗言及政事。 遊戲無常，出入不節，羽儀仗衛，晨出夜還，陪侍之官，皆不堪命。 自公卿以下，常被楚撻。 每捶人，皆以百二十為度，謂之「天杖」，其後又加至二百四十。 宮人內職亦如之，後、妃、嬪、御，雖被寵幸，亦多杖背。 於是內外恐怖，人不自安，皆求苟免，莫有固志，重足累息，以逮於終。
Whenever he called ministers in to discuss affairs, he talked only of new projects and reforms, never of government. His amusements had no fixed pattern and his comings and goings no schedule; with full guard he would leave at dawn and return at night, and the officials who attended him were driven past endurance. From the Three Dukes downward, men were constantly beaten with the staff. Each beating ran to one hundred twenty strokes, called the Staff of Heaven; later he raised it to two hundred forty. Palace women and inner staff fared the same; empresses, consorts, concubines, and attendants—even when favored—were often beaten on the back. Inside and outside the court were terrified; no one felt safe; all sought any escape and none stood firm; they went in fear, holding their breath, until the end.
108
8戊子，周以越王盛為太保，尉遲迥為大前疑，代王達為大右弼。
8. On wuzi Zhou made Prince Yue Sheng Grand Preceptor, Yuchi Jiong Grand Mentor of the First Rank, and Prince Dai Da Grand Assistant of the Right.
109
9辛卯，徙鄴城《石經》於洛陽。 詔：「河陽、幽、相、豫、亳、青、徐七總管，並受東京六府處分。」
9. On xinmao the Stone Classics of Ye were transferred to Luoyang. An edict declared, "The seven regional commands of Heyang, You, Xiang, Yu, Bo, Qing, and Xu shall all take orders from the six offices of the Eastern Capital."
110
10三月，庚申，天元還長安，大陳軍伍，親擐甲冑，入自青門，靜帝備法駕以從。
10. In the third month, on gengshen, Lord Yuan returned to Chang'an, paraded the troops in force, buckled on armor himself, entered through the Green Gate, and Emperor Jing rode behind in full imperial state.
111
夏，四月，壬戌朔，立妃朱氏為天元帝后。 后，吳人，本出寒微，生靜帝，長於天元十餘歲，疏賤無寵，以靜帝故，特尊之。
In summer, the fourth month, on the first day of the month (renxu), he made Consort Zhu empress to the Lord of Heaven. The empress was a Wu native of humble origin; she had borne Emperor Jing and was more than ten years older than Lord Yuan, kept at a distance and without favor, yet honored especially for Emperor Jing's sake.
112
11乙巳，周主祠太廟。 壬午，大醮於正武殿。
11. On yisi the Zhou emperor sacrificed at the Grand Temple. On renwu he held a great communal feast in the Hall of Correct Martial.
113
12五月，辛亥，以襄國郡為趙國，濟南郡為陳國，武當、安富二郡為越國，上黨郡為代國，新野郡為滕國，邑各萬戶； 令趙王招、陳王純、越王盛、代王達、滕王逌並之國。
12. In the fifth month, on xinhai, Xiangguo commandery was made the state of Zhao, Jinan the state of Chen, Wudang and Anfu together the state of Yue, Shangdang the state of Dai, and Xinye the state of Teng, each with ten thousand households; he sent Princes Zhao Zhao, Chen Chun, Yue Sheng, Dai Da, and Teng You each to his domain.
114
隨公楊堅私謂大將軍汝南公慶曰：「天元實無積德； 視其相貌，壽亦不長。 又，諸籓微弱，各令就國，曾無深根固本之計。 羽翮既剪，何能及遠哉！」 慶，神舉之弟也。
Duke of Sui Yang Jian said privately to General-in-Chief Duke of Runan Qing, "Lord Yuan has built up no real virtue; to judge by his face, his life will not be long. Moreover the feudal princes are weak; each is sent to his state with no plan to plant deep roots or secure the foundation. Once their wings are clipped, how far can they fly?" Qing was the younger brother of Shenju.
115
13突厥寇周并州。 六月，周發山東諸民修長城。
13. The Tujue raided Zhou's Bingzhou. In the sixth month Zhou mobilized the people of the eastern provinces to repair the Long Wall.
116
14秋，七月，庚寅，周以楊堅為大前疑，柱國司馬消難為大後承。
14. In autumn, the seventh month, on gengyin Zhou made Yang Jian Grand Mentor of the First Rank and Pillar of State Sima Xiaonan Grand Bearer of the Rear.
117
15辛卯，初用大貨六銖錢。
15. On xinmao they first issued the Great Currency six-zhu coin.
118
16丙申，周納司馬消難女為正陽宮皇后。
16. On bingshen Zhou took Sima Xiaonan's daughter into the Zhengyang Palace as empress.
119
己酉，周尊天元帝太后李氏為天皇太后，壬子，改天元皇后朱氏為天皇后，立妃元氏為天右皇后，陳氏為天左皇后，凡四後雲。 元氏，開府儀同大將軍晟之女； 陳氏，大將軍山提之女也。
On jiyou Zhou elevated Lord of Heaven Emperor's Empress Dowager Lady Li to Grand Lord of Heaven Empress Dowager; on renzi he changed Lord of Heaven Empress Zhu to Grand Empress, made Consort Yuan Grand Empress of the Right and Consort Chen Grand Empress of the Left—four empresses in all. Consort Yuan was the daughter of General-in-Chief of the Palace Gate with Honored Title of Peerage Yuan Sheng; Consort Chen was the daughter of General-in-Chief Chen Shanti.
120
17八月，庚申，天元如同州。
17. In the eighth month, on gengshen, Lord Yuan went to Tongzhou.
121
18丁卯，上閱武於大壯觀。 命都督任忠帥步騎十萬陳於玄武湖，都督陳景帥樓艦五百出瓜步江，振旅而還。
18. On dingmao the emperor reviewed troops at the Grand Martial Viewing Ground. He ordered Commander Ren Zhong to array one hundred thousand infantry and cavalry at Xuanwu Lake, and Commander Chen Jing to lead five hundred tower ships onto the Guazhou reach of the Yangtze, then marched the force home in review.
122
19壬申，周天元還長安。 甲戌，以陳山提、元晟並為上柱國。
19. On renshen Lord Yuan of Zhou returned to Chang'an. On jiaxu he made Chen Shanti and Yuan Sheng both Senior Pillars of State.
123
20戊寅，上還宮。 豫章內史南康王方泰，在郡秩滿，縱火延燒邑居，因行暴掠，驅錄富人，徵求財賄。 上閱武，方泰當從，啟稱母疾不行，而微服往民間淫人妻，為州所錄。 又帥人仗抗拒，傷禁司，為有司所奏。 上大怒，下方泰獄，免官，削爵土，尋而復舊。
20. On wuyin the emperor returned to the palace. Prince Fangtai of Nankang, interior governor of Yuzhang, when his term in the commandery ended set fires that burned through the town, then rampaged and plundered, driving off the rich to squeeze them for bribes. At the troop review Fangtai should have attended; he reported his mother was ill and stayed away, yet in disguise went among the people seducing men's wives and was caught by the provincial authorities. He also led armed men to resist, injuring the prohibition officers, and the responsible officials memorialized against him. The emperor flew into a rage, threw Fangtai into prison, removed him from office, and stripped his fief, but soon restored him as before.
124
21壬午，周以上柱國畢王賢為太師，郇公韓業為大左輔。 九月，乙卯，以酆王貞為大塚宰。 以鄖公韋孝寬為行軍元帥，帥行軍總管杞公亮、郕公梁士彥寇淮南。 仍遣御正杜杲、禮部薛舒來聘。
21. On renwu Zhou appointed Supreme Pillar of State Prince Bi Xian grand preceptor and Duke of Xun Han Ye grand left assistant. In the ninth month, on yimao, Prince Feng Zhen was made grand steward. Duke of Yun Wei Xiaokuan was made campaign marshal and led campaign commanders Duke of Qi Liang and Duke of Xing Liang Shiyan against Huainan. He also sent imperial rectifier Du Guo and Xue Shu of the Ministry of Rites on a friendly mission.
125
22冬，十月，壬戌，周天元幸道會苑，大醮，以高祖配醮。 初復佛像及天尊像，天元與二像俱南面坐，大陳雜戲，令長安士民縱觀。
22. In winter, the tenth month, on renxu, Emperor Tianyuan of Zhou visited Daohui Park, performed a great jiao sacrifice, and paired Gaozu in the offering. Buddha images and images of the Heavenly Lord were restored; Tianyuan sat facing south with the two images, staged many entertainments, and let the people of Chang'an watch freely.
126
23甲戌，以尚書僕射陸繕為尚書左僕射。
23. On jiaxu Lu Chan was made left vice director of the Masters of Writing.
127
24十一月，辛卯，大赦。
24. In the eleventh month, on xinmao, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
128
25周韋孝寬分遣杞公亮自安陸攻黃城，梁士彥攻廣陵。 甲午，士彥至肥口。
25. Wei Xiaokuan of Zhou sent Duke of Qi Liang from Anlu against Huangcheng and Liang Shiyan against Guangling. On jiawu Shiyan reached Feikou.
129
26乙未，周天元如溫湯。
26. On yiwei Emperor Tianyuan went to the hot springs.
130
27戊戌，周軍進圍壽陽。
27. On wuxu the Zhou army advanced to besiege Shouyang.
131
28周天元如同州。
28. Emperor Tianyuan went to Tongzhou.
132
29詔開府儀同三司、南兗州刺史淳於量為上流水軍都督，中領軍樊毅都督北討諸軍事，左衛將軍任忠都督北討前軍事，前豐州刺史皋文奏帥步騎三千趣陽平郡。
29. Chunyu Liang, general of the open office with equal honor in three departments and governor of Southern Yanzhou, was made commander of the upper-stream navy; Fan Yi, central commander-in-chief, was made commander of all northern expedition forces; Ren Zhong, left guard general, was made commander of the northern expedition vanguard; and former Fengzhou governor Gao Wenzou was to lead three thousand foot and horse toward Yangping commandery.
133
30壬寅，周天元還長安。
30. On renyin Emperor Tianyuan returned to Chang'an.
134
31癸卯，任忠帥步騎七千趣秦郡； 丙午，仁威將軍魯廣達帥眾入淮； 是日，樊毅將水軍二萬自東關入焦湖，武毅將軍蕭摩訶帥步騎趣歷陽。 戊申，韋孝寬拔壽陽，杞公亮拔黃城，梁士彥拔廣陵； 辛亥，又取霍州。 癸丑，以揚州刺史始興王叔陵為大都督，總水步眾軍。
31. On guimao Ren Zhong led seven thousand foot and horse toward Qin commandery. On bingwu General of Benevolent Prestige Lu Guangda led his troops into the Huai. That same day Fan Yi led twenty thousand naval troops from Dongguan into Jiaohu, and General of Martial Prestige Xiao Mohe led foot and horse toward Liyang. On wushen Wei Xiaokuan took Shouyang, Duke of Qi Liang took Huangcheng, and Liang Shiyan took Guangling. On xinhai they also took Huozhou. On guichou Prince Shixing Shuling of Yangzhou was made overall commander of all naval and land forces.
135
32丁巳，周鑄永通萬國錢，一當千，與五行大布並行。
32. On dingsi Zhou cast Eternal Circulation Ten-Thousand Kingdoms coins, each worth a thousand, to circulate together with the Five Elements large cloth coins.
136
33十二月，戊午，周天元以災異屢見，捨仗衛，如天興宮。 百官上表，勸復寢膳。 甲子，還宮，御正武殿，集百官及宮人、外命婦，大列伎樂，初作乞寒胡戲。
33. In the twelfth month, on wuwu, because omens and anomalies had repeatedly appeared, Emperor Tianyuan laid aside arms and guards and went to Tianxing Palace. The hundred officials submitted memorials urging him to resume normal meals. On jiazi he returned to the palace, held court at Zhengwu Hall, gathered officials, palace women, and titled ladies from outside, arrayed many musicians and performers, and for the first time staged the begging-cold Hu play.
137
34乙丑，南、北兗、晉三州及盱眙、山陽、陽平、馬頭、秦、歷陽、沛、北譙、南梁等九郡民並自拔還江南。 周又取譙、北徐州。 自是江北之地盡沒於周。
34. On yichou the people of Southern Yan, Northern Yan, and Jin prefectures and nine commanderies including Xuyi, Shanyang, Yangping, Matou, Qin, Liyang, Pei, Northern Qiao, and Southern Liang all on their own fled back south of the Yangtze. Zhou also took Qiao and Northern Xuzhou. From this all territory north of the Yangtze was lost to Zhou.
138
35周天元如洛陽，親御驛馬，日行三百里，四皇后及文武侍衛數百人並乘馹以從。 仍令四後方駕齊驅，或有先後，輒加譴責，人馬頓僕，相及於道。
35. Emperor Tianyuan went to Luoyang, drove relay horses himself at three hundred li a day, and the four empresses and several hundred civil and military attendants all rode post-horses in his train. He also ordered the four empresses to drive four-horse teams abreast; if any fell ahead or behind he punished them at once, and men and horses collapsed in exhaustion one after another along the road.
139
36癸酉，遣平北將軍沈恪、電威將軍裴子烈鎮南徐州，開遠將軍徐道奴鎮柵口，前信州刺史楊寶安鎮白下。 戊寅，以中領軍樊毅都督荊、郢、巴、武四州水陸諸軍事。 己卯，周天元還長安。
36. On guiyou he sent Pacifier of the North General Shen Ke and Lightning Prestige General Pei Zilie to garrison Southern Xuzhou, Open Reach General Xu Daonu to garrison Zhakou, and former Xinzhou governor Yang Bao'an to garrison Baixia. On wuyin Central Commander-in-Chief Fan Yi was made commander of all naval and land forces of Jing, Ying, Ba, and Wu prefectures. On jimao Emperor Tianyuan returned to Chang'an.
140
貞毅將軍汝南周法尚，與長沙王叔堅不相能。 叔堅譖之於上，雲其欲反。 上執其兄定州刺史法僧，發兵將擊法尚。 法尚奔周，周天元以為開府儀同大將軍、順州刺史，上遣將軍樊猛濟江擊之。 法尚遣部曲督韓朗詐降於猛，曰：「法尚部兵不願降北，人皆竊議，欲叛還。 若得軍來，自當倒戈。」 猛以為然，引兵急趨之。 法尚陽為畏懼，自保江曲，戰而偽走，伏兵邀之。 猛僅以身免，沒者幾八千人。」
Steadfast Prestige General Zhou Fashang of Runan and Prince Changsha Shujian could not get along. Shujian slandered him to the emperor, saying he intended rebellion. The emperor seized his elder brother Faseng, governor of Dingzhou, and sent troops to attack Fashang. Fashang fled to Zhou; Emperor Tianyuan made him general of the open office with equal honor and governor of Shunzhou; the Chen emperor sent General Fan Meng across the river to attack him. Fashang sent his troop commander Han Lang to feign surrender to Meng, saying, "Fashang's soldiers do not wish to submit to the north; all secretly discuss returning in revolt. If your army comes, they will turn their blades on their own side." Meng believed him and led his troops in haste toward them. Fashang pretended fear, held the river bend, fought and feigned flight, and ambush troops intercepted them. Meng barely escaped with his life; nearly eight thousand were lost.”