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資治通鑑第177卷卷第一百七十七
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 177
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【隋紀一】起屠維作噩，盡重光大淵獻，凡三年。
【Annals of Sui, Part One】 Spanning 584–586 CE, three years in all.
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春，正月，乙丑朔，陳主朝會群臣，大霧四塞，入人鼻，皆辛酸，陳主昏睡，至晡時乃寤。
In spring, on the first day of the first month, the Chen emperor met with his officials. Dense fog blanketed the capital, stinging every nose with its bite. The emperor sank into a daze and only came to himself near dusk.
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是日，賀若弼自廣陵引兵濟江。 先是弼以老馬多買陳船而匿之，買弊船五六十艘，置於瀆內。 陳人覘之，以為內國無船。 弼又請緣江防人每交代之際，必集廣陵，於是大列旗幟，營幕被野，陳人以為隋兵大至，急發兵為備，既知防人交代，其眾復散； 後以為常，不復設備。 又使兵緣江時獵，人馬喧噪。 故弼之濟江，陳人不覺。 韓擒虎將五百人自橫江宵濟採石，守者皆醉，遂克之。 晉王廣帥大軍屯六合鎮桃葉山。
That same day, He Ruobi marched from Guangling and crossed the Yangtze. Beforehand He Ruobi had used worn-out horses to buy up Chen vessels and hide them away, while displaying fifty or sixty broken-down boats in the creeks. Chen scouts who watched believed the Sui had no fleet to speak of. He Ruobi also arranged for Yangtze garrison troops to mass at Guangling whenever they changed shifts. He then raised banners far and wide and pitched camps across the countryside. The Chen took this for a major Sui invasion and rushed troops to the alert; when they found it was only a routine rotation, the armies dispersed again; until they came to treat such alarms as routine and ceased to ready their defenses. He likewise sent soldiers to hunt along the riverbanks at intervals, filling the shore with the noise of men and horses. Thus when He Ruobi crossed the Yangtze, the Chen never noticed. Han Qinhu took five hundred men from Hengjiang and crossed to Caishi under cover of night. The garrison was drunk, and he seized the post at once. Prince Jin Yang Guang led the main army to camp on Taoye Mountain at Liuhe.
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丙寅，採石戍主徐子建馳啟告變； 丁卯，召公卿入議軍旅。 戊辰，陳主下詔曰：「犬羊陵縱，侵竊郊畿，蜂蠆有毒，宜時掃定。 朕當親御六師，廓清八表，內外並可戒嚴。」 以驃騎將軍蕭摩訶、護軍將軍樊毅、中領軍魯廣達並為都督，司空司馬消難、湘州刺史施文慶並為大監軍，遣南豫州刺史樊猛帥舟師出白下，散騎常侍皋文奏將兵鎮南豫州。 重立賞格，僧、尼、道士，盡令執役。
On bingyin day, Xu Zijian, commander of the Caishi garrison, rode posthaste to report the attack; on dingmao the court summoned the chief ministers to deliberate on the war. On wuchen day the Chen emperor proclaimed: "Barbarian hordes run wild, raiding our capital lands; like stinging insects they must be crushed without delay. I shall lead the armies in person and pacify the realm; martial law shall be proclaimed throughout the land." He named Xiao Mohe, Fan Yi, and Lu Guangda joint commanders; made Sima Xiaonan and Shi Wenqing grand supervisors of the armies; sent Fan Meng with the fleet from Baixia and Gao Wenzou to hold Southern Yuzhou with infantry. Fresh bounties were posted, and monks, nuns, and Daoist priests were all pressed into service.
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庚午，賀若弼攻拔京口，執南徐州刺史黃恪。 弼軍令嚴肅，秋毫不犯，有軍士於民間酤酒者，弼立斬之。 所俘獲六千餘人，弼皆釋之，給糧勞遣，付以敕書，令分道宣諭。 於是所至風靡。
On gengwu day He Ruobi stormed Jingkou and seized Huang Ke, governor of Southern Xuzhou. He Ruobi enforced iron discipline and forbade the slightest harm to civilians; a soldier caught buying wine in town was executed at once. Of the six thousand prisoners he took, he freed every one, fed them, and sent them off with imperial proclamations to proclaim the Sui cause along every road. From that point onward, every place he reached yielded without a fight.
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樊猛在建康，其子巡攝行南豫州事。 辛未，韓擒虎進攻姑孰。 半日，拔之，執巡及其家口。 皋文奏敗還。 江南父老素聞擒虎威信，來謁軍門者晝夜不絕。
Fan Meng was at Jiankang while his son Xun governed Southern Yuzhou in his place. On xinwei day Han Qinhu marched against Gudu. Within half a day the city fell; Xun and his family were taken prisoner. Gao Wenzou fled back in defeat. The people south of the Yangtze had long known Han Qinhu's reputation; elders came to his camp day and night without end.
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魯廣達之子世真在新蔡，與其弟世雄及所部降於擒虎，遣使致書招廣達。 廣達時屯建康，自劾，詣廷尉請罪； 陳主慰勞之，加賜黃金，遣還營。 樊猛與左衛將軍蔣元遜將青龍八十艘於白下游弈，以御六合兵； 陳主以猛妻子在隋軍，懼有異志，欲使鎮東大將軍任忠代之，令蕭摩訶徐諭猛，猛不悅，陳主重傷其意而止。
Lu Guangda's son Shizhen was at Xincai; he and his brother Shixiong surrendered with their command to Han Qinhu, who wrote to summon Guangda as well. Guangda, then at Jiankang, submitted a self-accusation and went before the Minister of Justice to accept blame; the emperor comforted him, rewarded him with gold, and sent him back to his post. Fan Meng and Jiang Yuanxun of the Left Guard took eighty Green Dragon warships to patrol off Baixia against the army at Liuhe; fearing Fan Meng might defect because his family was in Sui hands, the emperor meant to replace him with Ren Zhong and had Xiao Mohe break the news gently. Meng took offense, and the emperor, not wishing to wound him further, let the matter drop.
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於是賀若弼自北道，韓擒虎自南道並進，緣江諸戍，望風盡走； 弼分兵斷曲阿之沖而入。 陳主命司徒豫章王叔英屯朝堂，蕭摩訶屯樂游苑，樊毅屯耆闍寺，魯廣達屯白土岡，忠武將軍孔范屯寶田寺。 己卯，任忠自吳興入赴，仍屯朱雀門。
He Ruobi pressed down from the north and Han Qinhu from the south; every riverside garrison fled at their approach; He Ruobi detached troops to seize the Qu'e crossing and pushed inland. The emperor posted Prince Yuzhang Shuying at the court hall, Xiao Mohe at Leyou Park, Fan Yi at Qishe Temple, Lu Guangda on Baitu Mound, and Kong Fan at Baotian Temple. On jimao day Ren Zhong hurried in from Wuxing and took station at the Vermilion Bird Gate.
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辛未，賀若弼進據鐘山，頓白土岡之東。 晉王廣遣總管杜彥與韓擒虎合軍，步騎二萬屯於新林。 蘄州總管王世積以舟師出九江，破陳將紀瑱於蘄口，陳人大駭，降者相繼。 晉王廣上狀，帝大悅，宴賜群臣。
On xinwei day He Ruobi seized Zhongshan and camped east of Baitu Mound. Prince Jin sent Du Yan to unite with Han Qinhu; twenty thousand foot and horse camped at Xinlin. Wang Shiji of Qizhou sailed from Jiujiang and routed Ji Yan at Qikou. Panic spread through Chen ranks, and surrendering units came in one after another. When Prince Jin's report arrived, Emperor Wen was delighted and held a feast for the court.
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時建康甲士尚十餘萬人，陳主素怯懦，不達軍士，唯晝夜啼泣，臺內處分，一以委施文慶。 文慶既知諸將疾己，恐其有功，乃奏曰：「此輩怏怏，素不伏官，迫此事機，那可專信！」 由是諸將凡有啟請，率皆不行。
Jiankang still held more than a hundred thousand soldiers, yet the Chen emperor was by nature timid and knew nothing of war. He wept day and night while leaving every decision to Shi Wenqing. Wenqing knew the generals hated him and feared they might win glory. He told the emperor, "These men are sullen and have never respected their superiors; in a crisis like this, how can we rely on them alone?" From then on, almost every request from the field was refused.
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賀若弼之攻京口也，蕭摩訶請將兵逆戰，陳主不許。 及弼至鐘山，摩訶又曰：「弼懸軍深入，壘塹未堅，出兵掩襲，可以必克。」 又不許。 陳主召摩訶、任忠於內殿議軍事，忠曰：「兵法：客貴速戰，主貴持重。 今國家足食足兵，宜固守臺城，緣淮立柵，北軍雖來，勿與交戰； 分兵斷江路，無令彼信得通。 給臣精兵一萬，金翅三百艘，下江徑掩六合，彼大軍必謂其度江將士已被俘獲，自然挫氣。 淮南土人與臣舊相知悉，今聞臣往，必皆景從。 臣復揚聲欲往徐州，斷彼歸路，則諸軍不擊自去。 待春水既漲，上江周羅□等眾軍必沿流赴援，此良策也。」 陳主不能從。 明日，欻然曰：「兵久不決，令人腹煩，可呼蕭郎一出擊之。」 任忠叩頭苦請勿戰。 孔范又奏：「請作一決，當為官勒石燕然。」 陳主從之，謂摩訶曰：「公可為我一決！」 摩訶曰：「從來行陳，為國為身； 今日之事，兼為妻子。」 陳主多出金帛賦諸軍以充賞。 甲申，使魯廣達陳於白土岡，居諸軍之南，任忠次之，樊毅、孔范又次之，蕭摩訶軍最在北。 諸軍南北亙二十里，首尾進退不相知。
When He Ruobi struck Jingkou, Xiao Mohe asked to meet him in the field, but the emperor refused. When He Ruobi reached Zhongshan, Mohe urged again: "He has marched deep with overstretched lines and his defenses are still weak. A surprise attack will surely defeat him." Again the emperor refused. The emperor called Mohe and Ren Zhong to council. Ren Zhong said, "The invader wants a quick fight; the defender should hold firm. We have food and troops enough. Hold Terrace City, fortify the Huai line, and refuse battle even when the northerners arrive; send detachments to sever the Yangtze so their communications fail. Give me ten thousand elite troops and three hundred Golden Wing ships to strike Liuhe by river. Their main force will think every man who crossed the Yangtze is already lost, and their morale will collapse. The people of Huainan know me well; they will rally to me the moment they hear I am coming. I will spread word that I mean to march on Xuzhou and cut their retreat, and the northern armies will withdraw without a blow. When the spring floods come, Zhou Luohou and the upper Yangtze armies will sail down to our aid. That is the sound plan." The emperor would not hear of it. The next day he burst out, "This war drags on and sickens me. Call Xiao out and let him settle it." Ren Zhong kowtowed and pleaded against battle. Kong Fan urged, "Give us one decisive battle, and I shall carve your victory on Mount Yanran." The emperor agreed and told Mohe, "Fight this battle for me!" Mohe replied, "In every battle before, I fought for the realm and for myself; today I fight for my wife and children as well." The emperor showered gold and silk on the troops as bounty. On jiashen day Lu Guangda formed the southern wing at Baitu Mound, with Ren Zhong behind him, Fan Yi and Kong Fan farther back, and Xiao Mohe's line to the north. The Chen lines stretched twenty li north to south, too scattered for one wing to know what the other was doing.
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賀若弼將輕騎登山，望見眾軍，因馳下，與所部七總管楊牙、員明等甲士凡八千，勒陳以待之。 陳主通於蕭摩訶之妻，故摩訶初無戰意； 唯魯廣達以其徒力戰，與弼相當。 隋師退走者數四，弼麾下死者二百七十三人，弼縱煙以自隱，窘而復振。 陳兵得人頭，皆走獻陳主求賞，弼知其驕惰，更引兵趣孔范； 范兵暫交即走，陳諸軍顧之，騎卒亂潰，不可復止，死者五千人。 員明擒蕭摩訶，送於弼，弼命牽斬之。 摩訶顏色自若，乃釋而禮之。
He Ruobi rode up a hill with light cavalry, saw the Chen host spread below, and galloped down to form eight thousand armored men under Yang Ya, Yuan Ming, and six other commanders into battle order. The Chen emperor had taken Xiao Mohe's wife as a lover, and Mohe at first fought without heart; only Lu Guangda and his men fought with desperate force, holding He Ruobi to a standstill. The Sui line broke four times; two hundred seventy-three of He Ruobi's men fell. He hid his troops in smoke, staggered, then rallied. Chen soldiers who took heads ran to court for bounty instead of pressing the fight. He Ruobi saw their arrogance and slack discipline and turned his attack on Kong Fan; Kong Fan's men broke at the first clash. The rest of the Chen host saw it and routed; five thousand lay dead on the field. Yuan Ming seized Xiao Mohe and brought him to He Ruobi, who ordered him led away for execution. Mohe's face never changed. He Ruobi released him and received him with honor.
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任忠馳入臺，見陳主言敗狀，曰：「官好住，臣無所用力矣！」 陳主與之金兩縢，使募人出戰。 忠曰：「陛下唯當具舟楫，就上流眾軍，臣以死奉衛。」 陳主信之，敕忠出部分，令宮人裝束以待之，怪其久不至。 時韓擒虎自新林進軍，忠已帥數騎迎降於石子岡。 領軍蔡征守朱雀航，聞擒虎將至，眾懼而潰。 忠引擒虎軍直入朱雀門，陳人欲戰，忠揮之曰：「老夫尚降，諸軍何事！」 眾皆散走。 於是城內文武百司皆遁，唯尚書僕射袁憲在殿中，尚書令江總等數人居省中。 陳主謂袁憲曰：「我從來接遇卿不勝餘人，今日但以追愧。 非唯朕無德，亦是江東衣冠道盡！」
Ren Zhong galloped into the palace and told the emperor of the rout. "Your Majesty must save yourself," he said. "I can do no more!" The emperor gave him two bales of gold and told him to raise men for another sortie. Ren Zhong said, "Prepare boats at once and join the armies upriver. I will die defending you." The emperor believed him, ordered him to muster troops, and had the palace women dress for flight—then wondered why he never returned. Han Qinhu was already marching from Xinlin while Ren Zhong rode out with a handful of followers to surrender to him at Shizi Mound. Cai Zheng held the Vermilion Bird crossing, but at news of Han Qinhu's approach his men panicked and fled. Ren Zhong led Han Qinhu's men through the Vermilion Bird Gate. Chen soldiers tried to resist until he shouted, "Even I have surrendered—what are you fighting for!" The defenders melted away. Every official in Jiankang fled except Yuan Xian, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, who remained in the hall, and Jiang Zong, Director of the Masters of Writing, with a few others at their posts. The emperor told Yuan Xian, "I always favored you above the rest, and now I have only regret. It is not only that I lacked virtue—the cultivated men of Jiangdong have failed their charge as well!"
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陳主遑遽，將避匿，憲正色曰：「北兵之入，必無所犯。 大事如此，陛下去欲安之！ 臣願陛下正衣冠，御正殿，依梁武帝見侯景故事。」 陳主不從，下榻馳去，曰：「鋒刃之下，未可交當，吾自有計！」 從宮人十餘出後堂景陽殿，將自投於井，憲苦諫不從； 後閣舍人夏侯公韻以身蔽井，陳主與爭，久之，乃得入。 既而軍人窺井，呼之，不應，欲下石，乃聞叫聲； 以繩引之，驚其太重，及出，乃與張貴妃、孔貴嬪同束而上。 沈後居處如常。 太子深年十五，閉邠而坐，舍人孔伯魚侍側，軍士叩閣而入，深安坐，勞之曰：「戎旅在途，不至勞也！」 軍士鹹致敬焉。 時陳人宗室王侯在建康者百餘人，陳主恐其為變，皆召入，令屯朝堂，使豫章王叔英總督之，又陰為之備，及臺城失守，相帥出降。
The emperor panicked and tried to hide. Yuan Xian said gravely, "The northerners will not harm you if you face them properly. Matters stand thus—where can Your Majesty flee? I beg you to dress in your regalia, take the main hall, and do as Emperor Wu of Liang did when he received Hou Jing." The emperor refused, leapt from his couch, and cried, "One does not stand before naked blades—I have my own plan!" He fled with a dozen attendants toward Jingyang Palace to throw himself into a well. Yuan Xian pleaded in vain; the attendant Xiahou Gongyun blocked the well with his body until the emperor finally forced his way in after a long struggle. Soldiers looked into the well and called; hearing no answer, they were about to drop stones when cries rose from below; they hauled on the rope and marveled at the weight. Up came the emperor bound together with Consort Zhang and Consort Kong. Empress Shen remained calmly in her apartments. Crown Prince Shen, fifteen years old, shut his door and sat within while Kong Boyu waited beside him. When soldiers knocked and entered, the prince remained seated and said, "You need not trouble yourselves on my account." The soldiers bowed to him in respect. More than a hundred Chen princes and nobles were in Jiankang. Fearing revolt, the emperor had them gathered in the court hall under Prince Yuzhang Shuying's command and made secret preparations against them. When the city fell, they surrendered together.
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賀若弼乘勝至樂游苑，魯廣達猶督餘兵苦戰不息，所殺獲數百人，會日暮，乃解甲，面台再拜慟哭，謂眾曰：「我身不能救國，負罪深矣！」 士卒皆流涕歔欷，遂就擒。 諸門衛皆走，弼夜燒北掖門入，聞韓擒虎已得陳叔寶，呼視之，叔寶惶懼，流汗股慄，向弼再拜。 弼謂之曰：「小國之君當大國之卿，拜乃禮也。 入朝不失作歸命侯，無勞恐懼。」 既而恥功在韓擒虎後，與擒虎相詬，挺刃而出； 欲令蔡征為叔寶作降箋，命乘騾車歸己，事不果。 弼置叔寶於德教殿，以兵衛守。
He Ruobi pressed his victory to Leyou Park. Lu Guangda still led the last Chen troops in desperate fighting and killed hundreds before dusk. Then he laid down his armor, faced the palace, bowed twice, and wept, "I could not save the realm—the shame is mine alone!" His men wept with him, and then they were taken. The gate guards fled. He Ruobi burned through the North Side Gate that night. Learning that Han Qinhu had Chen Shubao, he had him brought before him. The former emperor shook with fear, sweat streaming down his legs, and bowed twice to He Ruobi. He Ruobi told him, "A ruler of a small state before a minister of a great one—it is proper to bow. You will still be made Marquis of Guiming when you reach the northern court. There is no cause for terror. Then, stung that Han Qinhu had won the greater glory, he quarreled with him and reached for his sword; He tried to make Cai Zheng write Shubao's surrender and have him ride back in a mule cart to his own command; it came to nothing. He Ruobi lodged Chen Shubao in the Hall of Virtue and Teaching under armed guard."
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高熲先入建康，熲子德弘為晉王廣記室，廣使德弘馳詣熲所，令留張麗華，熲曰：「昔太公蒙面以斬妲己，今豈可留麗華！」 乃斬之於青溪。 德弘還報，廣變色曰：「昔人云，『無德不報』，我必有以報高公矣！」 由是恨熲。
Gao Jiong was first into Jiankang. His son Deming served Prince Jin as secretary; the prince sent him racing to his father with orders to spare Zhang Lihua. Gao Jiong said, "The Duke of Zhou veiled his face to execute Daji—how can we keep Lihua now?" He had her executed at Qingxi. When Deming reported back, Prince Jin's face darkened. "They say no debt goes unpaid," he said. "I shall find a way to repay Master Gao!" From that day he hated Gao Jiong.
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丙戌，晉王廣入建康，以施文慶受委不忠，曲為諂佞以蔽耳目，沈客卿重賦厚斂以悅其上，與太市令陽慧朗、刑法監徐析、尚書都令史暨慧皆為民害，斬於石闕下，以謝三吳。 使高熲與元帥府記室裴矩收圖籍，封府庫，資財一無所取，天下皆稱廣，以為賢。 矩，讓之之弟子也。
On bingxu day Prince Jin entered Jiankang. Shi Wenqing, who had betrayed his trust with flattery; Shen Keqing, who had crushed the people with taxes; Yang Huilang, Xu Qi, and Ji Hui, who had preyed on the populace—all were beheaded at the Stone Gate Towers to answer the grievances of the Jiangnan region. He had Gao Jiong and Pei Ju of the marshal's staff collect the archives and seal the treasuries without taking a thing. The empire praised Prince Jin as a man of virtue. Pei Ju was a nephew of Pei Rangzhi.
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廣以賀若弼先期決戰，違軍令，收以屬吏。 上驛召之，詔廣曰：「平定江表，弼與韓擒虎之力也。」 賜物萬段； 又賜弼與擒虎詔，美其功。
Prince Jin arrested He Ruobi for fighting a decisive battle ahead of schedule in defiance of orders. The emperor summoned him by relay and told Prince Jin, "The pacification of the south was the work of He Ruobi and Han Qinhu." He granted ten thousand bales of goods; and issued edicts praising He Ruobi and Han Qinhu.
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開府儀同三司王頒，僧辯之子也。 夜，發陳高祖陵，焚骨取灰，投水而飲之。 既而自縛，歸罪於晉王廣。 廣以聞，上命赦之。 詔陳高祖、世祖、高宗陵，總給五戶分守之。
Wang Ban, son of Wang Sengbian, was a Pillar of State with ceremonial rank equal to the Three Dukes. By night he opened the tomb of Chen's founding emperor, burned the bones, mixed the ash with water, and drank it. Then he bound himself and declared Prince Jin responsible. Prince Jin reported the matter, and the emperor pardoned him. An edict assigned five households to guard the tombs of the Chen founding emperor, Emperor Wu, and Emperor Xuan.
21
上遣使以陳亡告許善心，善心衰服號哭於西階之下，藉草東向坐三日，敕書唁焉。 明日，有詔就館，拜通直散騎常侍，賜衣一襲。 善心哭盡哀，入房改服，復出，北面立，垂泣，再拜受詔，明日乃朝，伏泣於殿下，悲不能興。 上顧左右曰：「我平陳國，唯獲此人。 既能懷其舊君，即我之誠臣也。」 敕以本官直門下省。
The emperor sent word of Chen's fall to Xu Shanxin. Shanxin put on mourning, wailed below the western steps, spread grass, and sat facing east for three days until an imperial letter of condolence arrived. The next day an edict came to his lodging making him Regular Attendant of the Palace Secretariat and granting a suit of robes. He wept himself out, changed clothes, came forth, faced north, and received the edict through tears and double bows. Not until the next day could he attend court, where he lay weeping below the hall, too overcome to rise. The emperor said to his attendants, "In conquering Chen I have won only this man. One who cherishes his former lord will be loyal to me as well." He ordered him to serve at the Palace Secretariat in his new post.
22
陳水軍都督周羅睺與郢州刺史荀法尚守江夏，秦王俊督三十總管水陸十餘萬屯漢口，不得進，相持逾月。 陳荊州刺史陳慧紀遣南康內史呂忠肅屯岐亭，據巫峽，於北岸鑿巖，綴鐵鎖三條，橫截上流以遏隋船，忠肅竭其私財以充軍用。 楊素、劉仁恩奮兵擊之，四十餘戰，忠肅守險力爭，隋兵死者五千餘人，陳人盡取其鼻以求功賞。 既而隋師屢捷，獲陳之士卒，三縱之。 忠肅棄柵而遁，素徐去其鎖； 忠肅復據荊門之延洲，素遣巴蜑千人，乘五牙四艘，以拍竿碎其十餘艦，遂大破之，俘甲士二千餘人，忠肅僅以身免。 陳信州刺史顧覺屯安蜀城，棄城走。 陳慧紀屯公安，悉燒其儲蓄，引兵東下，於是巴陵以東無復城守者。 陳慧紀帥將士三萬人，樓船千餘艘，沿江而下，欲入援建康，為秦王俊所拒，不得前。 是時，陳晉熙王叔文罷湘州，還，至巴州，慧紀推叔文為盟主。 而叔文已帥巴州刺史畢寶等致書請降於俊，俊遣使迎勞之。 會建康平，晉王廣命陳叔寶手書招上江諸將，使樊毅詣周羅睺，陳慧紀子正業詣慧紀諭指。 時諸城皆解甲，羅睺乃與諸將大臨三日，放兵散，然後詣俊降，陳慧紀亦降，上江皆平。 楊素下至漢口，與俊會。 王世積在蘄口，聞陳已亡，移書告諭江南諸郡，於是江州司馬黃偲棄城走，豫章等諸郡太守皆詣世積降。
Chen naval commander Zhou Luohou and Yingzhou governor Xun Fashang held Jiangxia while Prince Qin Yang Jun with thirty commanders and more than a hundred thousand men blocked them at Hankou for over a month. Chen Huiji of Jingzhou sent Lü Zhongsu to Qiting at Wuxia Gorge, where he cut the north bank and stretched three iron chains across the river to block the Sui fleet, spending his private fortune on the war. Yang Su and Liu Ren'en attacked in more than forty battles. Zhongsu held the narrows stubbornly. Five thousand Sui soldiers fell, and the Chen cut off their noses for bounty. When the Sui began to win, they captured Chen soldiers and released them three times. Zhongsu abandoned his camp and fled while Yang Su removed the chains; Zhongsu rallied at Yanzhou on the Jingmen stretch. Yang Su sent a thousand Ba boatmen in four five-tooth warships; with battering poles they smashed a dozen Chen vessels, took two thousand prisoners, and Zhongsu barely escaped. Gu Jue, Chen governor of Xinzhou, abandoned Anshu and fled. Chen Huiji at Gong'an burned his stores and marched east; east of Baling no city still held out. Chen Huiji sailed downriver with thirty thousand men and a thousand warships to save Jiankang but was stopped by Prince Qin. Prince Jinxi Chen Shuwen, leaving Xiangzhou, reached Bazhou, where Huiji named him leader of the alliance. But Shuwen had already written Jun offering surrender with Bi Bao of Bazhou; Jun sent envoys to welcome him. When Jiankang fell, Prince Jin had Chen Shubao summon the upper Yangtze generals in his own hand; Fan Yi went to Zhou Luohou and Huiji's son Zhengye to Chen Huiji. When the cities disarmed, Luohou mourned three days with his officers, dismissed the troops, and surrendered to Jun; Huiji followed, and the upper river was pacified. Yang Su came down to Hankou and joined Prince Qin. At Qikou Wang Shiji, hearing Chen was gone, sent proclamations across Jiangnan; Huang Si of Jiangzhou fled, and the governors of Yuzhang and other districts surrendered to him.
23
癸巳，詔遣使者巡撫陳州郡。 二月，乙未，廢淮南行台省。 蘇威奏請五百家置鄉正，使治民，簡辭訟。 李德林以為：「本廢鄉官判事，為其里閭親識，剖斷不平，今令鄉正專治五百家，恐為害更甚。 且要荒小縣，有不至五百家者，豈可使兩縣共管一鄉！」 帝不聽。 丙申，制：「五百家為鄉，置鄉正一人； 百家為裡，置里長一人。」
On guisi day the emperor ordered envoys to tour and reassure the Chen districts. In the second month, on yiwei day, the Huainan Branch Secretariat was abolished. Su Wei proposed appointing a village chief for every five hundred households to govern the people and reduce lawsuits. Li Delin argued, "We abolished village judges because neighbors could not judge fairly; putting one man over five hundred households may do even greater harm. And in remote counties with fewer than five hundred households, how can two counties share one village!" The emperor would not listen. On bingchen day a statute declared, "Five hundred households form a village with one village chief; one hundred households form a hamlet with one hamlet head."
24
陳吳州刺史蕭瓛能得物情，陳亡，吳人推瓛為主，右衛大將軍武川宇文述帥行軍總管元契、張默言等討之。 落叢公燕榮以舟師自東海至。 陳永新侯陳君范自晉陵奔瓛，並軍拒述。 述軍且至，瓛立柵於晉陵城東，留兵拒述，遣其將王褒守吳州，自義興入太湖，欲掩述後。 述進破其柵，回兵擊瓛，大破之； 又遣兵別道襲吳州，王褒衣道士服棄城走。 瓛以餘眾保包山，燕榮擊破之。 瓛將左右數人匿民家，為人所執。 述進至奉公埭，陳東揚州刺史蕭巖以會稽降，與瓛皆送長安，斬之。
Xiao Xuan of Wuzhou won the people's hearts; when Chen fell the Wu region made him leader. Yuwen Shu of the Right Guard led Yuan Qi, Zhang Moyan, and others against him. Duke of Luocong Yan Rong arrived by sea from the east. Marquis Yongxin Chen Junfan came from Jinling to join Xuan, and together they resisted Yuwen Shu. As Shu approached, Xuan built a palisade east of Jinling, left troops to hold him, sent Wang Bao to defend Wuzhou, and entered Taihu from Yixing to strike Shu's rear. Shu broke the palisade, wheeled about, and routed Xuan; he sent another column against Wuzhou, and Wang Bao fled in Daoist robes. Xuan held Baoshan with the remnant; Yan Rong defeated him. Xuan hid with a few followers in a private house and was seized. At Fenggong Dam Xiao Yan of Eastern Yangzhou surrendered Kuaiji; he and Xuan were sent to Chang'an and executed.
25
楊素之下荊門也，遣別將龐暉將兵略地，南至湘州，城中將士，莫有固志。 刺史岳陽王叔慎，年十八，置酒會文武僚吏。 酒酣，叔慎歎曰：「君臣之義，盡於此乎！」 長史謝基伏而流涕。 湘州助防遂興侯正理在坐，乃起曰：「主辱臣死，諸君獨非陳國之臣乎！ 今天下有難，實致命之秋也。 縱其無成，猶見臣節。 青門之外，有死不能！ 今日之機，不可猶豫，後應者斬！」 眾鹹許諾。 乃刑牲結盟，仍遣人詐奉降書於龐暉。 暉信之，剋期而入，叔慎伏甲待之。 暉至，執之以徇，並其眾皆斬之。 叔慎坐於射堂，招合士眾，數日之中，得五千人。 衡陽太守樊通、武州刺史鄔居業皆請舉兵助之。 隋所除湘州刺史薛冑將兵適至，與行軍總管劉仁恩共擊之； 叔慎遣其將陳正理與樊通拒戰，兵敗。 冑乘勝入城，擒叔慎。 仁恩破鄔居業於橫橋，亦擒之。 俱送秦王俊，斬於漢口。
When Yang Su took Jingmen he sent Pang Hui south to Xiangzhou, where the garrison had no heart to resist. The governor, eighteen-year-old Prince Yueyang Chen Shushan, gathered his officials for a feast. Deep in wine, Shushan sighed, "Is loyalty between ruler and minister ended here?" Chief administrator Xie Ji prostrated himself and wept. Marquis Suixing Hou Zhengli, aide-defense of Xiangzhou, rose and said, "When the lord is shamed the minister must die—are you not still Chen's servants? The realm is in peril—this is the hour to give our lives. Even if we fail, we shall show what loyalty means. Beyond the Green Gate lies death we cannot refuse! Do not hesitate today—whoever hangs back shall die!" All agreed. They sacrificed and swore an oath, then sent a forged surrender to Pang Hui. Hui believed them and entered on the appointed day; Shushan had ambush troops waiting. They seized Hui and paraded him through the streets, then beheaded him and all his men. Shushan sat in the archery hall and within days raised five thousand men. Fan Tong of Hengyang and Wu Juye of Wuzhou both offered to raise troops for him. Xue Zhou, the Sui appointee as Xiangzhou governor, arrived and joined Liu Ren'en in attacking them; Shushan sent Chen Zhengli and Fan Tong to resist and was defeated. Xue Zhou stormed the city and captured Shushan. Liu Ren'en defeated Wu Juye at Heng Bridge and captured him too. Both were sent to Prince Qin and beheaded at Hankou.
26
嶺南未有所附，數郡共奉高涼郡太夫人洗氏為主，號聖母，保境拒守。 詔遣柱國韋洸等安撫嶺外，陳豫章太守徐墱據南康拒之，洸等不得進。 晉王廣遣陳叔寶遺夫人書，諭以國亡，使之歸隋。 夫人集首領數千人，盡日慟哭，遣其孫馮魂帥眾迎洸。 洸擊斬徐璒，入，至廣州，說諭嶺南諸州皆定； 表馮魂為儀同三司，冊洗氏為宋康郡夫人。 洸，□之子也。
Lingnan had not submitted; several districts upheld Dame Xi of Gaoliang as Holy Mother and held their ground. The emperor sent Wei Guang to pacify the outer Ling, but Xu Yong of Yuzhang held Nankang and blocked him. Prince Jin sent Chen Shubao's letter telling her the state had fallen and urging submission. The Lady gathered thousands of chieftains, wept all day, and sent her grandson Feng Hun to welcome Wei Guang. Wei Guang killed Xu Yong, entered Guangzhou, and pacified the Lingnan prefectures; he enfeoffed Feng Hun with ceremonial rank equal to the Three Dukes and made Dame Xi Lady of Songkang. Wei Guang was the son of [name missing in source].
27
衡州司馬任瓖勸都督王勇據嶺南，求陳氏子孫，立以為帝； 勇不能用，以所部來降，瑰棄官去。 瑰，忠之弟子也。
Hengzhou aide Ren Gui urged commander Wang Yong to hold Lingnan and set up a Chen heir as emperor; Yong refused, surrendered with his command, and Gui abandoned his post. Ren Gui was a nephew of Ren Zhong.
28
於是陳國皆平，得州三十，郡一百，縣四百，詔建康城邑宮室，並平蕩耕墾，更於石頭置蔣州。
Chen was fully pacified: thirty prefectures, a hundred commanderies, four hundred counties. Jiankang's palaces were razed for farmland, and Jiangzhou was set at Shitou.
29
晉王廣班師，留王韶鎮石頭城，委以後事。 三月，己巳，陳叔寶與其王公百司發建康，詣長安，大小在路，五百里纍纍不絕。 帝命權分長安士民宅以俟之，內外修整，遣使迎勞； 陳人至者如歸。 夏，四月，辛亥，帝幸驪山，親勞旋師。 乙巳，諸軍凱入，獻俘於太廟，陳叔寶及諸王侯將相並乘輿服御、天文圖籍等以次行列，仍以鐵騎圍之，從晉王廣、秦王俊入，列於廟廷。 拜廣為太尉，賜輅車、乘馬、袞冕之服、玄圭、白璧。 丙午，帝坐廣陽門觀，引陳叔寶於前，及太子、諸王二十八人，司空司馬消難以下至尚書郎凡二百餘人，帝使納言宣詔勞之； 次使內史令宣詔，責以君臣不能相輔，乃至滅亡。 叔寶及其群臣並愧懼伏地，屏息不能對，既而宥之。
Prince Jin withdrew the army and left Wang Shao at Shitou with charge of affairs. Third month, jisi day: Chen Shubao and the court set out for Chang'an; the procession stretched five hundred li without end. The emperor had Chang'an homes assigned for them, put the city in order, and sent envoys to welcome them; and when the Chen people arrived they felt at home. Summer, fourth month, xinhai day: the emperor went to Mount Li to welcome the returning army. On yisi the armies entered in triumph and presented captives at the Ancestral Temple. Chen Shubao and the Chen nobles and officials, with imperial regalia and astronomical works, entered under escort behind Princes Jin and Qin and were arrayed in the temple court. Prince Jin was made Grand Commandant and given a state carriage, horses, full regalia, a black scepter, and a white jade disk. On bingwu the emperor sat at Guangyang Gate, brought Chen Shubao forward with the crown prince, twenty-eight princes, and more than two hundred officials from Sima Xiaonan down. The Master of Documents proclaimed an edict of comfort; then the Palace Secretariat Director proclaimed an edict rebuking them for failing one another as ruler and ministers until the state perished. Shubao and his ministers knelt in shame and fear, unable to answer, and were then pardoned.
30
初，武元帝迎司馬消難，與消難結為兄弟，情好甚篤，帝每以叔父禮事之。 及平陳，消難至，特免死，配為樂戶，二旬而免，猶以舊恩引見； 尋卒於家。
Earlier Emperor Wu of Zhou had welcomed Sima Xiaonan and sworn brotherhood with him; the emperor always treated him as an uncle. After Chen was conquered, Xiaonan came forward. The emperor specially spared him from death and assigned him to a music-house household, but released him after twenty days and still granted him an audience because of their old bond. He died at home shortly afterward.
31
庚戌，帝御廣陽門宴將士，自門外夾道列布帛之積，達於南郭。 班賜各有差，凡用三百餘萬段、故陳之境內，給復十年，餘州免其年租賦。
On the gengxu day, the emperor held a feast for his officers and soldiers at Guangyang Gate. Outside the gate, piles of cloth and silk lined both sides of the road all the way to the southern suburbs. Rewards were distributed according to rank, using more than three million bolts in all. Within the former Chen territories, taxes and corvée were remitted for ten years, and the other prefectures were exempted from that year's land tax and levies.
32
樂安公元諧進曰：「陛下威德遠被，臣前請以突厥可汗為候正，陳叔寶為令史，今可用臣言矣。」 帝曰：「朕平陳國，本以除逆，非欲夸誕。 公之所奏，殊非朕心。 突厥不知山川，何能警候； 叔寶昏醉，寧堪驅使！」 諧默然而退。
Duke of Le'an, Yuan Xie, stepped forward and said, "Your Majesty's authority and virtue reach far and wide. I previously suggested appointing the Türk khagan as a lookout officer and Chen Shubao as a clerk — now Your Majesty may put my proposal to use." The emperor said, "I conquered Chen to remove rebels, not to boast and show off. What you have suggested is entirely contrary to my wishes. The Türks do not know our terrain — how could they stand watch? Shubao is muddleheaded and drunk — how could he be put to work!" Yuan Xie fell silent and withdrew.
33
辛酉，進楊素爵為越公，以其子玄感為儀同三司，玄獎為清河郡公； 賜物萬段，粟萬石。 命賀若弼登御坐，賜物八千段，加位上柱國，進爵宋公。 仍各加賜金寶及陳叔寶妹為妾。
On the xinyou day, Yang Su was promoted to Duke of Yue. His son Xuangan was made Yitong of the Third Rank, and Xuanjiang was made Duke of Qinghe Commandery. They were granted ten thousand bolts of goods and ten thousand piculs of grain. He had He Ruo Bi take a seat beside the throne, granted him eight thousand bolts of goods, promoted him to Senior Pillar of State, and advanced his title to Duke of Song. Each was also given gold and jewels, and Chen Shubao's sister was given to them as a concubine.
34
賀若弼、韓擒虎爭功於帝前。 弼曰：「臣在蔣山死戰，破其銳卒，擒其驍將，震揚威武，遂平陳國； 韓擒虎略不交陳，豈臣之比！」 擒虎曰：「本奉明旨，令臣與弼同時合勢以取偽都，弼乃敢先期，逢賊遂戰，致令將士傷死甚多。 臣以輕騎五百，兵不血刃，直取金陵，降任蠻奴，執陳叔寶，據其府庫，傾其巢穴。 弼至夕方扣北掖門，臣啟關而納之。 斯乃救罪不暇，安得與臣相比！」 帝曰：「二將俱為上勳。」 於是進擒虎位上柱國，賜物八千段。 有司劾擒虎放縱士卒，淫污陳宮； 坐此不加爵邑。
He Ruo Bi and Han Qinhu disputed their merits before the emperor. Bi said, "Your subject fought to the death at Mount Jiang, broke their elite troops, captured their fierce generals, displayed our martial might, and thereby pacified Chen. Han Qinhu barely exchanged blows with Chen — how can he compare with me!" Qinhu said, "I originally received the clear order that Bi and I should combine our forces at the same time to take the rebel capital. Bi dared to move ahead of schedule, met the enemy and fought immediately, causing many officers and soldiers to be wounded or killed. With five hundred light cavalry, I took Jinling without bloodshed, accepted Ren Manu's surrender, seized Chen Shubao, occupied their treasury, and emptied their stronghold. Bi did not reach the Northern Side Gate until evening; I opened the gate and let him in. He was barely able to save himself from blame — how can he compare with me!" The emperor said, "Both generals rank among the highest achievements." Thereupon Han Qinhu was promoted to Senior Pillar of State and granted eight thousand bolts of goods. The responsible officials impeached Han Qinhu for letting his soldiers run wild and defiling the Chen palace; For this reason, no additional noble rank or fief was granted.
35
加高熲上柱國，進爵齊公，賜物九千段。 帝勞之曰：「公伐陳後，人言公反，朕已斬之。 君臣道合，非青蠅所能間也。」 帝從容命熲與賀若弼論平陳事，熲曰：「賀若弼先獻十策，後於蔣山苦戰破賊。 臣文吏耳，焉敢與大將論功！」 帝大笑，嘉其有讓。
Gao Jiong was made Senior Pillar of State, promoted to Duke of Qi, and granted nine thousand bolts of goods. The emperor comforted him, saying, "After you campaigned against Chen, people said you were plotting rebellion. I have already executed them. The bond between ruler and minister is in harmony; green flies cannot come between us." The emperor calmly ordered Jiong and He Ruo Bi to discuss the pacification of Chen. Jiong said, "He Ruo Bi first offered ten stratagems, then fought bitterly at Mount Jiang and broke the enemy. I am only a civil official — how dare I discuss merit with a great general!" The emperor laughed heartily and praised his modesty.
36
帝之伐陳也，使高熲問方略於上儀同三司李德林，以授晉王廣； 至是，帝賞其功，授柱國，封郡公，賞物三千段。 已宣敕訖，或說高熲曰：「今歸功於李德林，諸將必當憤惋，且後世觀公有若虛行。」 熲入言之，乃止。
When the emperor campaigned against Chen, he had Gao Jiong consult Li Delin, Upper Yitong of the Third Rank, for strategy and pass it on to Prince Jin Guang; At this time the emperor rewarded his merit, made him Pillar of State, enfeoffed him as Duke of a Commandery, and granted him three thousand bolts of goods. After the edict had been proclaimed, someone told Gao Jiong, "If merit is now credited to Li Delin, the generals will surely be resentful, and posterity will see you as though you had accomplished nothing." Jiong went in and reported this, and the emperor stopped.
37
以秦王俊為揚州總管四十四州諸軍事，鎮廣陵。 晉王廣還并州。
Prince of Qin Jun was made chief administrator of military affairs for forty-four prefectures of Yangzhou and stationed at Guangling. Prince Jin Guang returned to Bingzhou.
38
晉王廣之戮陳五佞也，未知都官尚書孔范、散騎常侍王瑳、王儀、御史中丞沈瓘之罪，故得免； 及至長安，事並露，乙未，帝暴其過惡，投之邊裔，以謝吳、越之人。 瑳刻薄貪鄙，忌害才能； 儀頌巧側媚，獻二女以求親暱； 瓘險慘苛酷，發言邪諂，故同罪焉。
When Prince Jin Guang executed Chen's five sycophants, the crimes of Kong Fan, Director of the Palace Secretariat; Wang Chuo and Wang Yi, Regular Attendants; and Shen Guan, Censor-in-Chief, were not yet known, so they were spared; When they reached Chang'an, everything came to light. On the yiwei day, the emperor publicly exposed their crimes and banished them to the frontier to appease the people of Wu and Yue. Chuo was harsh, greedy, and base, and jealous of the talented; Yi was skilled at crafty, crooked flattery and offered two daughters to win favor; Guan was sinister, cruel, and harsh, and spoke in perverse flattery — hence they shared the same punishment.
39
帝給賜陳叔寶甚厚，數得引見，班同三品； 每預宴，恐致傷心，為不奏吳音。 後監守者奏言：「叔寶雲，『既無秩位，每預朝集，願得一官號。』」 帝曰：「叔寶全無心肝！」 監者又言：「叔寶常醉，罕有醒時。」 帝問：「飲酒幾何？」 對曰：「與其子弟日飲一石。」 帝大驚，使節其酒，既而曰：「任其性； 不爾，何以過日！」 帝以陳氏子弟既多，恐其在京城為非，乃分置邊州，給田業使為生，歲時賜衣服以安全之。
The emperor gave Chen Shubao very generous gifts, frequently granted him audiences, and treated him as equal to third-grade officials; Whenever he attended banquets, Wu music was not performed for fear of causing him grief. Later the custodial guard reported, "Shubao said, 'Since I have no official rank yet attend every court assembly, I wish to receive an official title." The emperor said, "Shubao has no heart at all!" The guard added, "Shubao is constantly drunk and rarely sober." The emperor asked, "How much does he drink?" The reply was, "He and his sons and younger brothers drink a shi of wine together every day." The emperor was greatly shocked and ordered his wine rationed; then he said, "Let him follow his nature; Otherwise, how would he pass the days!" Because the Chen clansmen were numerous and he feared they might cause trouble in the capital, the emperor distributed them to frontier prefectures, granted them fields and estates for their livelihood, and gave them seasonal clothing to keep them secure.
40
詔以陳尚書令江總為上開府儀同三司，僕射袁憲、驃騎蕭摩訶、領軍任忠皆為開府儀同三司，吏部尚書吳興姚察為秘書丞。 上嘉袁憲雅操，下詔，以為江表稱首，授昌州刺史。 聞陳散騎常侍袁元友數直言於陳叔寶，擢拜主爵侍郎。 謂群臣曰：「平陳之初，我悔不殺任蠻奴。 受人榮祿，兼當重寄，不能橫屍徇國，乃雲無所用力，與弘演納肝何其遠也！」
An edict appointed Jiang Zong, Chen's Director of the Secretariat, as Senior Kaifu Yitong of the Third Rank; Yuan Xian, Vice Director; Xiao Mohe, Cavalry General; and Ren Zhong, Defender-in-Chief, as Kaifu Yitong of the Third Rank; and Yao Cha of Wuxing, Chen's Director of the Ministry of Personnel, as Secretary of the Palace Library. The emperor commended Yuan Xian's refined integrity, issued an edict declaring him foremost among the Jiangdong elite, and appointed him Prefect of Changzhou. Hearing that Yuan Yuanyou, Chen's Regular Attendant, had repeatedly spoken frankly to Chen Shubao, the emperor promoted him and appointed him Vice Director of the Directorate for Enfeoffments. He said to the assembled ministers, "At the beginning of the pacification of Chen, I regretted not killing Ren Manyu. He received honored salary and held heavy trust, yet could not die for the state — instead he said he had nowhere to exert his strength. How far he is from Hong Yan offering his liver!"
41
帝見周羅睺，慰諭之，許以富貴。 羅睺垂泣對曰：「臣荷陳氏厚遇，本朝淪亡，無節可紀。 得免於死，陛下之賜也，何富貴之敢望！」 賀若弼謂羅睺曰：「聞公郢、漢捉兵，即知揚州可得。 王師利涉，果如所量。」 羅睺曰：「若得與公周旋，勝負未可知也。」 頃之，拜上儀同三司。 先是，陳將羊翔來降，伐陳之役，使為嚮導，位至上開府儀同三司，班在羅睺上。 韓擒虎於朝堂戲之曰：「不知機變，乃立在羊翔之下，能無愧乎！」 羅睺曰：「昔在江南，久承令問，謂公天下節士； 今日所言，殊非所望。」 擒虎有愧色。
The emperor received Zhou Luohou, comforted him, and promised him wealth and rank. Luohou replied through tears, "Your subject received generous treatment from Chen. Our dynasty has fallen, and I have no loyalty worth recording. To be spared death is Your Majesty's grace — how would I dare to aspire to wealth and rank!" He Ruo Bi said to Luohou, "When I heard that you held troops at Ying and Han, I knew Yangzhou could be taken. Our royal army crossed the river with ease, exactly as I calculated." Luohou said, "Had I been able to contend with you, victory or defeat would not have been known beforehand." Before long, he was appointed Upper Yitong of the Third Rank. Earlier, Chen's general Yang Xiang had surrendered. During the campaign against Chen he served as guide, rose to Senior Kaifu Yitong of the Third Rank, and ranked above Luohou. Han Qinhu jested with him in court, saying, "Unaware of changing circumstances, yet you stand below Yang Xiang — can you not feel ashamed!" Luohou said, "Formerly in Jiangnan I long heard your fine reputation and thought you a man of integrity under heaven; what you say today is far from what I expected." Qinhu looked ashamed.
42
帝之責陳君臣也，陳叔文獨欣然有得色。 既而復上表自陳：「昔在巴州，已先送款，乞知此情，望異常例！」 帝雖嫌其不忠，而欲懷柔江表，乃授叔文開府儀同三司，拜宜州刺史。
When the emperor rebuked the Chen ruler and ministers, Chen Shuwen alone wore a pleased, satisfied look. He then submitted another memorial explaining himself: "Formerly in Bazhou I had already surrendered in advance. I beg that this be known, and I hope for an exceptional case!" Though displeased at his disloyalty, the emperor wished to win over Jiangdong and therefore granted Shuwen Kaifu Yitong of the Third Rank and appointed him Prefect of Yizhou.
43
初，陳散騎常侍韋鼎聘於周，遇帝而異之，謂帝曰：「公當貴，貴則天下一家，歲一週天，老夫當委質於公。」 及至德之初，鼎為大府卿，盡賣田宅，大匠卿毛彪問其故，鼎曰：「江東王氣，盡於此矣！ 吾與爾當葬長安。」 及陳平，上召鼎為上儀同三司。 鼎，睿之孫也。
At first, Wei Ding, Chen's Regular Attendant, was on a mission to Zhou. Meeting the emperor, he found him remarkable and said, "My lord will attain eminence. When you are eminent, all under heaven will be one family. In one year's cycle I, an old man, shall offer myself to you." When the Kaihuang era began, Ding was Director of the Palace Treasury. He sold all his fields and houses. Master Craftsman Director Mao Biao asked the reason. Ding said, "The kingly aura of Jiangdong is exhausted here! You and I shall be buried in Chang'an." When Chen was pacified, the emperor summoned Ding and made him Upper Yitong of the Third Rank. Ding was the grandson of Rui.
44
壬戌，詔曰：「今率土大同，含生遂性； 太平之法，方可流行。 凡我臣民，澡身浴德，家家自修，人人克念。 兵可立威，不可不戢，刑可助化，不可專行。 禁衛九重之餘，鎮守四方之外，戎旅軍器，皆宜停罷。 世路既夷，群方無事，武力之子，俱可學經； 民間甲仗，悉皆除毀。 頒告天下，鹹悉此意。」
On the renxu day, an edict said, "Now across the realm great unity has been achieved, and all living things fulfill their nature; the laws of great peace may now be put into practice. All our subjects and people should cleanse body and virtue; every household should cultivate itself, and every person should restrain their thoughts. Arms may establish awe but must not go unchecked; punishments may aid transformation but must not be applied alone. Beyond the palace guard and outside the frontier garrisons, military forces and weapons should all be halted and disbanded. Since the world's path is now level and all regions are at peace, sons of martial families may all study the classics; armor and weapons among the people should all be destroyed. Proclaim this to all under heaven — all should fully understand this intent."
45
賀若弼撰其所畫策上之，謂為《御授平陳七策》。 帝弗省，曰：「公欲發揚我名，我不求名； 公宜自載家傳。」 弼位望隆重，兄弟並封郡公，為刺史、列將，家之珍玩，不可勝計，婢妾曳羅綺者數百，時人榮之。 其後突厥來朝，上謂之曰：「汝聞江南有陳國天子乎？」 對曰：「聞之。」 上命左右引突厥詣韓擒虎前曰：「此是執得陳國天子者。」 擒虎厲色顧之，突厥惶恐，不敢仰視。
He Ruo Bi compiled the stratagems he had drawn up and submitted them, calling them "Seven Stratagems for Pacifying Chen Conferred by the Emperor." The emperor did not examine them and said, "You wish to spread my name abroad, but I do not seek fame; you should record them in your own family chronicle." Bi's position and prestige were great. His brothers were all enfeoffed as commandery dukes and served as prefects and ranked generals. The rare treasures in his household were beyond counting, and the maids and concubines draped in silk and brocade numbered in the hundreds — people of the time envied him. Later, when the Türks came to court, the emperor said to them, "Have you heard of the Son of Heaven of Chen in Jiangnan?" They replied, "We have heard of him." The emperor ordered his attendants to lead the Türks before Han Qinhu and said, "This is the man who captured the Son of Heaven of Chen." Qinhu glared sternly at them. The Türks were terrified and did not dare look up.
46
左衛將軍龐晃等短高熲於上，上怒，皆黜之，親禮逾密。 因謂熲曰：「獨孤公，猶鏡也，每被磨瑩，皎然益明。」 初，熲父賓為獨孤信僚佐，賜姓獨孤氏，故上常呼為獨孤而不名。
Left Guard General Pang Huang and others spoke ill of Gao Jiong before the emperor. The emperor was angry and dismissed them all, treating Jiong with even closer personal honor. He then said to Jiong, "Lord Dugu, you are like a mirror — each time you are polished, you shine all the brighter." At first, Jiong's father Bin had been an aide to Dugu Xin and was granted the surname Dugu — hence the emperor often called him Dugu rather than by personal name.
47
樂安公元諧，性豪俠，有氣調。 少與上同學，甚相愛，及即位，累歷顯仕。 諧好排詆，不能取媚左右。 與上柱國王誼善，誼誅，上稍疏忌之。 或告諧與從父弟上開府儀同三司滂、臨澤侯田鸞、上儀同三司祁緒等謀反，下有司案驗，奏：「諧謀令祁緒勒党項兵斷巴、蜀。 又，諧嘗與滂同謁上，諧私謂滂曰：『我是主人，殿上者賊也。』 因令滂望氣，滂曰：『彼雲似蹲狗走鹿，不如我輩有福德雲。』」 上大怒，諧、滂、鸞、緒並伏誅。
Duke of Le'an, Yuan Xie, was bold and chivalrous by nature, with a spirited bearing. In youth he had studied with the emperor and they were very close. After the emperor took the throne, he rose through successive prominent posts. Xie was given to criticism and invective and could not win over the emperor's intimates. He was close to Wang Yi, Duke of Superior Pillar of State. After Yi's execution, the emperor gradually distanced himself from Xie and came to view him with suspicion. Someone accused Xie, together with his paternal cousin Pang (Grand Master for Opening Palaces, Assimilated Honor of Three Ranks), Tian Luan (Marquis of Linze), Qi Xu (Grand Master, Assimilated Honor of Three Ranks), and others, of plotting rebellion. The matter was handed to the judicial offices for investigation. Their report read: "Xie planned to have Qi Xu rally Di tribal forces to sever Ba and Shu. It was further alleged that Xie had once attended court with Pang and, in private, told him: "I am the rightful master; the man on the throne is a usurper." He then had Pang observe the celestial signs. Pang said: "Those clouds resemble a crouching dog and fleeing deer—nothing like the auspicious clouds of merit that attend us." The emperor flew into a rage. Xie, Pang, Luan, and Xu were all put to death.
48
閏月，己卯，以吏部尚書蘇威為右僕射。 六月，乙丑，以荊州總管楊素為納言。
In the intercalary month, on the jimao day, Su Wei, Minister of Civil Appointments, was made Right Vice Director of the Secretariat. In the sixth month, on the yichou day, Yang Su, regional commander of Jing Province, was appointed Master of Deliberations.
49
朝野皆請封禪，秋，七月，丙午，詔曰：「豈可命一將軍除一小國，遐邇注意，便謂太平。 以薄德而封名山，用虛言而幹上帝，非朕攸聞。 而今以後，言及封禪，宜即禁絕。」
Officials and commoners alike petitioned for the feng and shan sacrifices. In autumn, the seventh month, on the bingwu day, an edict declared: "Can we truly send one general to conquer one small state, draw the gaze of the realm, and call that universal peace? To climb a sacred peak with slender merit and approach the Supreme Lord with hollow rhetoric is not the way I have been taught. Henceforth, any talk of the feng and shan sacrifices is to be forbidden outright."
50
左衛大將軍廣平王雄，貴寵特盛，與高熲、虞慶則、蘇威稱為四貴。 雄寬容下士，朝野傾屬，上惡其得眾，陰忌之，不欲其典兵馬； 八月，壬戌，以雄為司空，實奪之權。 雄既無職務，乃杜門不通賓客。
Yang Xiong, Grand General of the Left Guard and Duke of Guangping, enjoyed extraordinary favor at court. He, together with Gao Jiong, Yu Qingze, and Su Wei, was known as one of the Four Grandees. Xiong was magnanimous toward men of talent, and the whole court looked to him. The emperor resented his popularity, nursed a private grudge against him, and did not want him in command of military forces. In the eighth month, on the renxu day, Xiong was appointed Minister of Works—a post that stripped him of real authority. With no official duties remaining, Xiong closed his doors and refused all callers.
51
帝踐祚之初，柱國沛公鄭譯請修正雅樂，詔太常卿牛弘、國子祭酒辛彥之、博士何妥等議之，積年不決。 譯言：「古樂十二律，旋相為宮，各用七聲，世莫能通。」 譯因龜茲人蘇祗婆善琵琶，始得其法，推演為十二均、八十四調，以校太樂所奏，例皆乖越。 譯又於七音之外更立一聲，謂之應聲，作書宣示朝廷。 與邳公世子蘇夔議累黍定律。
Early in his reign, Zheng Yi, Duke of Pei, petitioned for the reform of ceremonial music. The emperor ordered Niu Hong (Grand Master of Ceremonies), Xin Yanzhi (Chancellor of the Imperial Academy), He Tuo (Erudite), and others to deliberate; years passed with no resolution. Yi argued: "Ancient music employed twelve pitch standards that rotate as tonal centers, each using seven notes—but no one in our age understands how this works." Yi learned the method from the Kuchean musician Su Zhipo, an expert on the pipa, and worked it out into twelve pitch scales and eighty-four modes. When he checked these against the Imperial Music Bureau's repertory, every piece was found to be off pitch. Yi also added an eighth note beyond the seven standard tones, calling it the "responsive note," and presented a treatise on the subject to the court. He consulted with Su Kui, heir to the Duke of Pi, on determining pitch by the stacked-millet method.
52
時人以音律久無通者，非譯、夔一朝可定。 帝素不悅學，而牛弘不精音律，何妥自恥宿儒反不逮譯等，常欲沮壞其事，乃立議，非十二律旋相為宮及七調，競為異議，各立朋黨； 或欲令各造樂，待成，擇其善者而從之。 妥恐樂成善惡易見，乃請帝張樂試之，先白帝去：「黃鐘像人君之德。」 及奏黃鐘之調，帝曰：「滔滔和雅，甚與我心會。」 妥因奏止用黃鐘一宮，不假餘律。 帝悅，從之。
Contemporary opinion held that musical theory had lacked a true master for generations—this was not something Yi and Kui could settle overnight. The emperor had never cared much for scholarship. Niu Hong knew little of music theory. He Tuo, an elder scholar, was ashamed to find himself outmatched by Yi and his allies and worked constantly to obstruct the reform. He advanced opposing arguments against the twelve rotating pitch standards and seven modes, and rival factions formed around competing views. Some suggested that each faction compose its own music and, when the pieces were ready, the emperor would choose whichever sounded best. Tuo feared that finished compositions would make the difference plain. He persuaded the emperor to hold a listening test, briefing him beforehand: "The yellow bell embodies the ruler's virtue." When the yellow bell mode was played, the emperor said: "Rich, harmonious, elegant—it speaks directly to me." Tuo then recommended adopting only the yellow bell as the sole tonal center, dispensing with all other pitch standards. The emperor was pleased and agreed.
53
時又有樂工萬寶常，妙達鐘律。 譯等為黃鐘調成，奏之，帝召問寶常，寶常曰：「此亡國之音也。」 帝不悅。 寶常請以水尺為律，以調樂器，上從之。 寶常造諸樂器，其聲率下鄭譯調二律，損益樂器，不可勝紀。 其聲雅淡，不為時人所好，太常善聲者多排毀之。 蘇夔尤忌寶常，夔父威方用事，凡言樂者皆附之而短寶常，寶常樂竟為威所抑，寢不行。
There was also Wan Baochang, a musician who had achieved extraordinary mastery of pitch and rhythm. When Yi and his allies finished the yellow bell tuning and performed it, the emperor asked Baochang's opinion. Baochang said: "This is the music of a dying kingdom." The emperor was displeased. Baochang proposed calibrating pitch with a water-level trough for tuning instruments, and the emperor approved. Baochang redesigned the instruments. Their pitch ran fully two degrees below Zheng Yi's standard. The instruments he recalibrated were beyond counting. The resulting sound was subdued and refined, which contemporary taste did not favor. Many accomplished musicians in the Ceremonial office denounced his work. Su Kui nursed a particular grudge against Baochang. His father Su Wei was then ascendant at court, and every voice in the music debate lined up behind him to attack Baochang. In the end, Wei's faction suppressed Baochang's work and it was never adopted.
54
及平陳，獲宋、齊舊樂器，並江左樂工，帝令廷奏之，歎曰：「此華夏正聲也。」 乃調五音為五夏、二舞、登歌、房內等十四調，賓祭用之。 仍詔太常置清商署以掌之。
After the conquest of Chen, instruments from the old Song and Qi courts were captured, along with musicians from south of the Yangzi. The emperor had them performed at court and exclaimed: "This is the authentic music of China." He arranged the five tones into fourteen modes—including the five Xia processions, two ritual dances, ascending hymns, and inner-chamber music—for use in state banquets and sacrifices. The emperor also ordered the Ceremonial office to establish a Pure Shang Music Bureau to supervise the repertory.
55
時天下既壹，異代器物，皆集樂府。 牛弘奏：「中國舊音多在江左。 前克荊州得梁樂，今平蔣州又得陳樂。 史傳相承以為合古，請加修緝以備雅樂。 其後魏之樂及後周所用，雜有邊裔之聲，皆不可用，請悉停之。」 冬，十二月，詔弘與許善心、姚察及通直郎虞世基參定雅樂。 世基，荔之子也。
With the empire united under one ruler, musical instruments from every former dynasty were collected in the imperial Music Bureau. Niu Hong submitted a memorial: "The classical music of China survives chiefly south of the Yangzi. When we captured Jing Province we acquired the music of Liang; now that Jiang Province is pacified, we have Chen music as well. Tradition holds that this music conforms to ancient standards. I request that it be edited and compiled to restore the full court repertory. The music of Later Wei and Later Zhou incorporates foreign elements from the frontier—it is all unsuitable. I ask that it be discontinued entirely. In winter, the twelfth month, the emperor ordered Hong to work with Xu Shanxin, Yao Cha, and Yu Shiji (Direct Attendant) to finalize the ceremonial music. Yu Shiji was the son of Yu Li."
56
己巳，以黃州總管周法尚為永州總管，安集嶺南，給黃州兵三千五百人為帳內，陳桂州刺史錢季卿等皆詣法尚降。 定州刺史呂子廓，據山洞，不受命，法尚擊斬之。
On the jisi day, Zhou Fashang, regional commander of Huang Province, was appointed regional commander of Yong Province with orders to pacify Lingnan. He was given three thousand five hundred Huang Province troops as his personal guard. Qian Jiqing, the former Chen governor of Gui Province, and others surrendered to him. Lü Zikuo of Ding Province held out in a mountain stronghold and refused to submit. Fashang attacked and killed him.
57
以駕部侍郎狄道辛公義為岷州刺史。 岷州俗畏疫，一人病疫，闔家避之，病者多死。 公義命皆輿置己之聽事，暑月，病人或至數百，廳廓皆滿。 公義設榻，晝夜處其間，以秩祿具醫藥，身自省問。 病者既愈，乃召其親戚諭之曰：「死生有命，豈能相染！ 若相染者，吾死久矣。」 皆慚謝而去。 其後人有病者，爭就使君，其家親戚固留養之，始相慈愛，風俗遂變。 後遷并州刺史，下車，先至獄中露坐，親自驗問。 十餘日間，決遣鹹盡，方還聽事受領新訟。 事皆立決； 若有未盡，必須禁者，公義即宿聽事，終不還邠。 或諫曰：「公事有程，使君何自苦！」 公義曰：「刺史無德，不能使民無訟，豈可禁人在獄而安寢於家乎！」 罪人聞之，鹹自款服。 後有訟者，鄉閭父老遽曉之曰：「此小事，何忍勤勞使君！」 訟者多兩讓而止。
Xin Gongyi of Didao, Vice Director of the Transport Office, was appointed governor of Min Prefecture. The people of Min Prefecture feared contagion: when one member of a household fell ill, the entire family fled, and most of the sick died as a result. Gongyi ordered every patient carried by litter into his own reception hall. In the heat of summer, the sick sometimes numbered in the hundreds, filling every hall and corridor. He set out couches and lodged among the patients day and night, paying for medicine from his official salary and visiting each one personally. When the patients recovered, he summoned their relatives and said: "Life and death are ordained by fate—how can illness pass from person to person? If contagion were real, I would have been dead ages ago. They left ashamed and contrite. Thereafter, the sick sought out the prefect of their own accord, and families stayed to tend their own. Affection took root where fear had been, and the custom of the region changed. Later, as governor of Bing Province, he went straight to the jail on taking office, sat in the open air there, and personally heard cases. Within a fortnight he had cleared every pending case; only then did he return to his hall to take up new litigation. Every case was resolved at once. If a case required detention overnight, Gongyi slept in his hall rather than going home—never once retiring to his residence. An adviser protested: "Official duties have their proper limits—why do you impose such hardship on yourself, my lord? Gongyi replied: "A governor who lacks virtue cannot keep his people from bringing suit—how could I hold men in jail while I slept peacefully at home? When prisoners heard of this, all confessed of their own accord. When disputes arose afterward, village elders would say: "This is a trifling matter—must you really trouble the governor? In most cases, both parties yielded and the suit was dropped."
58
春，正月，乙未，以皇孫昭為河南王，楷為華陽王。 昭，廣之子也。
In spring, the first month, on the yiwei day, the emperor's grandsons Zhao and Kai were enfeoffed as Prince of Henan and Prince of Huayang, respectively. Zhao was the son of Yang Guang.
59
二月，上幸晉陽，命高熲居守。 夏，四月，辛酉，至自晉陽。
In the second month, the emperor traveled to Jinyang and left Gao Jiong in charge at the capital. In summer, the fourth month, on the xinyou day, he returned from Jinyang.
60
成安文子李德林，恃其才望，論議好勝，同列多疾之； 由是以佐命無功，十年不徙級。 德林數與蘇威異議，高熲常助威，奏德林狠戾，上多從威議。 上賜德林莊店，使自擇之，德林請逆人高阿那肱衛國縣市店，上許之。 及幸晉陽，店人訴稱高氏強奪民田，於內造店賃之。 蘇威因奏德林誣罔。 妄奏自入，司農卿李圓通等復助之曰：「此店收利如食千戶，請計日追贓。」 上自是益惡之。 虞慶則等奉使關東巡省，還，皆奏稱「鄉正專理辭訟，黨與愛憎，公行貨賄，不便於民。」 上令廢之。 德林曰：「茲事臣本以為不可，然置來始爾，復即停廢，政令不一，朝成暮毀，深非帝王設法之義。 臣望陛下自今群臣於律令輒欲改張，即以軍法從事； 不然者，紛紜未已。」 上遂發怒，大詬云：「爾欲以我為王莽邪！」 先是，德林稱父為太尉咨議以取贈官，給事黃門侍郎猗氏陳茂等密奏：「德林父終於校書，妄稱咨議。」 上甚銜之。 至是，上因數之曰：「公為內史，典朕機密，比不可豫計議者，以公不弘耳，寧自知乎！ 又罔冒取店，妄加父官，朕實忿之，而未能發，今當以一州相遣耳。」 因出為湖州刺史。 德林拜謝曰：「臣不敢復望內史令，請但預散參。」 上不許，遷懷州刺史而卒。
Li Delin, Duke of Cheng'an, traded on his literary fame. He was combative in counsel, and his colleagues largely resented him. For this reason—despite his role at the dynasty's founding—he was credited with no merit and went ten years without promotion. Delin frequently clashed with Su Wei in council. Gao Jiong consistently sided with Wei and denounced Delin as truculent and harsh. The emperor usually followed Wei. The emperor granted Delin a shop on one of the imperial estates and told him to choose. Delin selected the market shops in Wei County that had belonged to the rebel Gao Anagong, and the emperor agreed. On the visit to Jinyang, the tenants complained that the Gao family had seized private farmland, built the shop on it, and leased it out at profit. Su Wei seized the occasion to accuse Delin of fraud. Delin had lied to enrich himself. Li Yuantong, Minister of Agriculture, and others piled on, saying: "This shop yields income equal to a thousand-household fief. Recover the stolen profits day by day." From that point the emperor's dislike of him only deepened. Yu Qingze and others, returning from an inspection tour of the eastern provinces, all reported that village chiefs monopolized litigation, formed partisan cliques, and openly accepted bribes—to the people's detriment. The emperor ordered the system abolished. Delin objected: "I always thought this policy ill-advised—but to enact it only to repeal it at once makes law inconsistent, erected in the morning and torn down by evening. That is no way for an emperor to govern. I urge Your Majesty: from this day forward, any minister who rashly proposes to alter a statute should answer to military law. Otherwise the chaos will never end." The emperor exploded in rage and berated him: "Are you trying to turn me into Wang Mang? Earlier, Delin had inflated his father's résumé—calling him a Grand Marshal's adviser—to secure a posthumous title. Chen Mao of Yishi, Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, had secretly reported: "Delin's father died a mere proofreader; he falsely claimed the title of adviser." The emperor had never forgiven this. Now the emperor piled on: "You hold the post of Inner Secretary and manage my most confidential affairs. The reason I no longer admit you to counsel is that you lack breadth of mind. You know that as well as I do. You lied to seize that shop and lied about your father's rank. I have seethed over it without finding the moment to act—now I am sending you to govern a province. Delin was dismissed to serve as governor of Hu Prefecture. Delin bowed and pleaded: "I no longer dare hope for the Inner Secretariat—let me attend court as an ordinary member." The emperor refused. Delin was transferred to governor of Huai Prefecture, where he died."
61
李圓通，本上微時家奴，有器干； 及為隋公，以圓通及陳茂為參佐，由是信任之。 梁國之廢也，上以梁太府卿柳莊為給事黃門侍郎。 莊有識度，博學，善辭令，明習典故，雅達政事，上及高熲、蘇威皆重之。 與陳茂同僚，不能降意，茂譖之於上，上稍疏之，出為饒州刺史。
Li Yuantong had been a household slave in the emperor's early days—a man of capability and resource. When Yang Jian became Duke of Sui, he appointed Yuantong and Chen Mao as aides, and from that time trusted them deeply. When Liang was abolished, the emperor appointed Liu Zhuang, Liang's former Grand Master of the Palace Treasury, as Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. Zhuang was a man of judgment and breadth, widely learned, eloquent, steeped in precedent, and fluent in statecraft. The emperor, Gao Jiong, and Su Wei all held him in high regard. He served alongside Chen Mao but would not defer to him. Mao slandered him to the emperor; the emperor gradually distanced himself from Zhuang and posted him to Rao Prefecture as governor.
62
上性猜忌，不悅學，既任智以獲大位，因以文法自矜，明察臨下，恆令左右覘視內外，有過失則加以重罪。 又患令史贓污，私使人以錢帛遺之，得犯立斬。 每於殿庭棰人，一日之中，或至數四； 嘗怒問事揮楚不甚，即命斬之。 尚書左僕射高熲、治書侍御史柳彧等諫，以為「朝堂非殺人之所，殿廷非決罰之地。」 上不納。 熲等乃盡詣朝堂請罪，上顧謂領左右都督田元曰：「吾杖重乎？」 元曰：「重。」 帝問其狀，元舉手曰：「陛下杖大如指，捶人三十者，比常杖數百，故多死。」 上不懌，乃令殿內去杖，欲有決罰，各付所由。 後楚州行參軍李君才上言：「上寵高熲過甚。」 上大怒，命杖之，而殿內無杖，遂以馬鞭捶殺之，自是殿內復置杖。 未幾，怒甚，又於殿廷殺人； 兵部侍郎馮基固諫，上不從，竟於殿廷殺之。 上亦尋悔，宣慰馮基，而怒群臣之不諫者。
The emperor was suspicious by temperament and had little use for learning. Having risen to power through his own cunning, he took pride in legal formalism, scrutinized his subordinates relentlessly, and kept spies watching every corner of the court and bureaucracy. The slightest fault could draw a severe penalty. He also suspected corruption among clerks and set traps—sending agents to offer bribes. Anyone who took the bait was executed on the spot. He had men flogged in the palace hall as often as three or four times in a single day. Once, furious that an interrogator was not beating a prisoner hard enough, he ordered the interrogator executed on the spot. Gao Jiong, Left Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Liu Yu, Investigating Censor, among others, protested that "The outer court is no place for executions; the palace hall is no place for sentencing." The emperor refused to listen. Gao Jiong and the others then went in full to the court hall to plead guilty. The emperor turned and asked Tian Yuan, Colonel of the Left and Right Guard, "Are my beatings too severe?" Yuan said, "They are heavy." The emperor asked him to explain. Yuan raised his hand and said, "Your Majesty's rods are thick as a finger. Thirty blows from them do the work of several hundred from an ordinary rod. That is why so many die." The emperor was displeased and ordered the rods removed from the palace hall. Whenever he wished to impose a punishment, the case was referred to the appropriate office. Later Li Juncai, an Army Assistant in Chuzhou, submitted a memorial: "Your Majesty favors Gao Jiong too greatly." The emperor flew into a rage and ordered him flogged—but there were no rods in the palace hall, so he was beaten to death with a riding crop. After that the rods were restored to the hall. Before long, in a fresh fit of rage, he killed another man in the palace hall; Feng Ji, Vice Director of the Ministry of War, remonstrated firmly, but the emperor refused to listen and killed him in the palace hall anyway. The emperor soon regretted the killing and issued a proclamation of condolence for Feng Ji, even as he was furious with the other officials for failing to speak up.
63
五月，乙未，詔曰：「魏末喪亂，軍人權置坊府，南征北伐，居處無定，家無完堵，地罕包桑，朕甚愍之。 凡是軍人，可悉屬州縣，墾田、籍帳，一與民同。 軍府統領，宜依舊式。 罷山東、河南及北方緣邊之地新置軍府。」
In the fifth month, on the yiwei day, an edict declared: "During the turmoil at the end of Wei, soldiers were temporarily assigned to garrison districts and offices. Campaigning south and north, they had no settled homes—no household stood whole, and the land rarely saw mulberry planted. We deeply pity their plight. All soldiers shall be placed under the jurisdiction of prefectures and counties, with field reclamation and household registration treated exactly as for civilians. Military command structures shall follow the established format. The newly established military garrisons in Shandong, Henan, and the northern frontier regions shall be abolished."
64
六月，辛酉，制民年五十免役收庸。
In the sixth month, on the xinyou day, it was decreed that civilians aged fifty would be exempt from corvée labor and pay substitute tax instead.
65
秋，七月，癸卯，以納言楊素為內史令。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the guimao day, Yang Su, Nayan, was appointed Director of the Palace Secretariat.
66
冬，十一月，辛丑，上祀南郊。
In winter, the eleventh month, on the xinchou day, the emperor performed the southern suburban sacrifice.
67
江表自東晉已來，刑法疏緩，世族陵駕寒門； 平陳之後，牧民者盡更變之。 蘇威復作《五教》，使民無長幼悉誦之，士民嗟怨。 民間復訛言隋欲徙之入關，遠近驚駭。 於是婺州汪文進、越州高智慧、蘇州沈玄□皆舉兵反，自稱天子。 署置百官。 樂安蔡道人、蔣山李凌、饒州吳世華、溫州沈孝徹、泉州王國慶、杭州楊寶英、交州李春等皆自稱大都督，攻陷州縣。 陳之故境，大抵皆反。 大者有眾數萬，小者數千，共相影響。 執縣令，或抽其腸，或臠其肉食之，曰：「更能使儂誦《五教》邪！」 詔以楊素為行軍總管以討之。
South of the Yangtze, ever since Eastern Jin, the law had been lax, and great families lorded it over humble households; After Chen was pacified, the new governors changed all of that. Su Wei also drafted the Five Teachings and required every man, young and old, to recite them. Gentry and commoners alike groaned in resentment. Rumors spread among the people that Sui intended to relocate them into the interior. Distress spread near and far. Thereupon Wang Wenjin of Wuzhou, Gao Zhihui of Yuezhou, and Shen Xuan□ of Suzhou all took up arms and proclaimed themselves emperors. They appointed a full suite of officials. Cai Daoren of Le'an, Li Ling of Jiangshan, Wu Shihua of Raozhou, Shen Xiaoche of Wenzhou, Wang Guoqing of Quanzhou, Yang Baoying of Hangzhou, Li Chun of Jiaozhou, and others all proclaimed themselves Grand Governors General and overran prefectures and counties. Throughout the former Chen territories, rebellion broke out nearly everywhere. The largest bands numbered tens of thousands; the smallest, several thousand—and they echoed one another across the region. They seized county magistrates, ripped out their intestines, or sliced their flesh and ate it, crying, "Still think you can make us recite the Five Teachings!" An edict appointed Yang Su Grand General on Campaign to put down the rebellions.
68
素將濟江，使始興麥鐵杖戴束稿，夜，浮渡江覘賊，還而復往，為賊所擒，遣兵仗三十人防之。 鐵杖取賊刀，亂斬防者，殺之皆盡，割其鼻，懷之以歸。 素大奇之，奏授儀同三司。
As Su prepared to cross the Yangtze, he sent Mai Tiezhang of Shixing, disguised with a bundle of straw on his head, to float across the river under cover of night and spy on the rebels. Mai returned, crossed again—and was captured. The rebels posted thirty armed men to guard him. Tiezhang snatched a rebel sword, cut down the guards in a frenzy, and killed every last one. He sliced off their noses and brought them back hidden in his robe. Su was deeply impressed and memorialized the throne to grant him Yitong of the Third Rank.
69
素帥舟師自楊子津入，擊賊帥朱莫問於京口，破之。 進擊晉陵賊帥顧世興、無錫賊帥葉略，皆平之。 沈玄□敗走，素追擒之。 高智慧據浙江東岸為營，周亙百餘里，船艦被江； 素擊之。 子總管南陽來護兒言於素曰：「吳人輕銳，利在舟楫，必死之賊，難與爭鋒，公宜嚴陳以待之，勿與接刃。 請假奇兵數千潛渡江，掩破其壁。 使退無所歸，進不得戰，此韓信破趙之策也。」 素從之。 護兒以輕舸數百直登江岸，襲破其營，因縱火，煙焰張天。 賊顧火而懼，素因縱兵奮擊，大破之，賊遂潰。 智慧逃入海，素躡之至海曲，召行軍記室封德彝計事，德彝墜水，人救，獲免，易衣見素，竟不自言。 素後知之，問其故，曰：「私事也，所以不白。」 素嗟異之。 德彝名倫，以字行，隆之之孫也。 汪文進以蔡道人為司空，守樂安，素進討，悉平之。
Su led his fleet in from Yangzi Ford and routed the rebel leader Zhu Moquan at Jingkou. He pressed on against the rebel chiefs Gu Shixing at Jinling and Ye Lüe at Wuxi, defeating both. Shen Xuan□ was routed and fled; Su pursued and captured him. Gao Zhihui had entrenched himself along the east bank of the Zhe River in camps stretching more than a hundred li. His ships covered the water; Su moved to attack him. Subcommander Lai Huer of Nanyang said to Su, "The Wu men are swift and fierce, and their strength lies in their boats. These are men fighting for their lives—hard to meet head-on. You should hold a tight formation and wait. Do not close to sword's reach. Give me several thousand picked troops to cross the river in secret and storm their camps. Cut off their retreat and block their advance—this is the stratagem Han Xin used against Zhao." Su agreed. Huer led several hundred light boats straight to shore, stormed the rebel camps, and set them ablaze. Smoke and flame filled the sky. The rebels, seeing the flames, panicked. Su charged home and broke them completely. The rebel army disintegrated. Zhihui fled out to sea. Su pursued him to a coastal bend and summoned his campaign secretary Feng Deyi to consult on strategy. Deyi fell overboard; others pulled him out, and he survived. He changed clothes and returned to Su's presence without ever mentioning what had happened. Su later learned of the incident and asked why he had said nothing. Deyi replied, "It was a personal matter, so I saw no reason to report it." Su marveled at his discretion. Deyi's given name was Lun, but he was known by his courtesy name. He was the grandson of Longzhi. Wang Wenjin had appointed Cai Daoren Minister of Works to hold Le'an. Su advanced against them and swept the position clean.
70
素遣總管史萬歲帥眾二千，自婺州別道逾嶺越海，攻破溪洞，不可勝數。 前後七百餘戰，轉斗千餘里，寂無聲問者十旬，遠近皆以萬歲為沒。 萬歲置書竹筒中，浮之於水，汲者得之，言於素。 素上其事，上嗟歎，賜萬歲家錢十萬。
Su dispatched Supervisor Shi Wansui with two thousand men from Wuzhou by a separate route over the mountains and across the sea, smashing rebel strongholds beyond count. After more than seven hundred battles over a thousand li of fighting, one hundred days passed without a word. Near and far, all assumed Wansui had been lost. Wansui sealed a letter in a bamboo tube and set it adrift on the water. Someone drawing water found it and brought word to Su. Su reported the news to the throne. The emperor sighed in admiration and granted Wansui's family one hundred thousand cash.
71
素又破沈孝徹於溫州，步道向天台，指臨海，逐捕遺逸，前後百餘戰，高智慧走保閩、越。 上以素久勞於外，令馳傳入朝。 素以餘賊未殄，恐為後患，復請行，遂乘傳至會稽。 王國慶自以海路艱阻，非北人所習，不設備； 素泛海奄至，國慶遑遽棄州走。 餘黨散入海島，或守溪洞，素分遣諸將，水陸追捕。 密令人說國慶，使斬送智慧以自贖； 國慶乃執送智慧，斬於泉州，餘黨悉降。 江南大定。
Su also defeated Shen Xiaoche at Wenzhou, marched overland toward Tiantai and Linhai, hunting down stragglers in more than a hundred engagements. Gao Zhihui fled to hold out in Min and Yue. The emperor, noting how long Su had campaigned in the field, ordered him to report to court by fast relay. Convinced that leftover rebels would become a lasting threat, Su asked to go out again and rode relay straight to Kuaiji. Wang Guoqing assumed the sea route was too treacherous for northerners and took no precautions; Su sailed in and appeared without warning. Guoqing fled the prefecture in panic. The remaining rebels scattered to sea islands or held out in mountain strongholds. Su dispatched his generals to hunt them down by land and sea. Secretly he sent word to Guoqing, urging him to kill Zhihui and deliver his head as proof of repentance. Guoqing seized Zhihui and turned him over. He was executed at Quanzhou, and the rest of the rebels surrendered. Jiangnan was fully pacified.
72
素班師，上遣左領軍將軍獨孤陀至浚儀迎勞； 比到京師，問者日至。 拜素子玄獎為儀同三司，賞賜甚厚。 陀，信之子也。
As Su withdrew, the emperor sent Left Army General Duguo Tuo to Junyi to welcome him home; By the time he reached the capital, callers arrived daily to pay their respects. Su's son Xuanjiang was appointed Yitong of the Third Rank, and the rewards were lavish. Tuo was the son of Xin.
73
楊素用兵多權略，馭眾嚴整，每將臨敵，輒求人過失而斬之，多者百餘人，少不下十數，流血盈前，言笑自若。 及其對陳，先令一二百人赴敵，陷陳則已，如不能陷而還者，無問多少，悉斬之； 又令二三百人復進，還如向法。 將士股慄，有必死之心，由是戰無不勝，稱為名將。 素時貴幸，言無不從，其從素行者，微功必錄，至他將雖有大功，多為文吏所譴卻，故素雖殘忍，士亦以此願從焉。
Yang Su fought with cunning stratagems and ruled his troops with iron discipline. On the eve of battle he would seek out men's faults and execute them—sometimes more than a hundred, never fewer than a dozen. Blood would pool at his feet while he chatted and laughed as casually as ever. When battle was joined, he first sent one or two hundred men to assault the enemy line. Those who broke through were spared. Those who failed and came back—no matter how many—were all executed. Then he sent two or three hundred more—and treated any who returned the same way. Officers and men shook with fear and fought as if they had nothing left to lose. From then on he won every battle and was hailed as a master commander. Su stood at the height of imperial favor, and his every word carried weight. Men who served under him found even minor deeds rewarded—while generals elsewhere, however great their victories, often saw their credit clawed back by clerks. Cruel as he was, soldiers still clamored to serve under him for exactly that reason.
74
以并州總管晉王廣為揚州總管，鎮江都，復以秦王俊為并州總管。
Prince Guang of Jin, hitherto Grand Governor of Bingzhou, was made Grand Governor of Yangzhou and posted to Jiangdu. Prince Jun of Qin was restored to the Bingzhou command.
75
番禺夷王仲宣反，嶺南首領多應多，引兵圍廣州。 韋洸中流矢卒，詔以其副慕容三藏檢校廣州道行軍事。 又詔給事郎裴矩巡撫嶺南，矩至南康，得兵數千人。 仲宣遣別將周師舉圍東衡州，矩與大將軍鹿願擊斬之，進至南海。
Wang Zhongxuan, chieftain of the Panyu Yi, rebelled, and many Lingnan chieftains answered his call. He led his forces to besiege Guangzhou. Wei Guang took an arrow in flight and died. An edict named his deputy Murong Sanzang to oversee military affairs on the Guangzhou front. The court also ordered Attendant Gentleman Pei Ju to pacify Lingnan. Ju reached Nankang and raised several thousand troops. Zhongxuan sent a subordinate commander, Zhou Shiju, to besiege East Heng Prefecture. Ju and Grand General Lu Yuan attacked and killed him, then pressed on to Nanhai.
76
高涼洗夫人遣其孫馮暄將兵救廣州，暄與賊將陳佛智素善，逗留不進； 夫人知之，大怒，遣使執暄，系州獄，更遣孫盎出討佛智，斬之。 進會鹿願於南海，與慕容三藏合擊仲宣，仲宣眾潰，廣州獲全。 洗氏親被甲，乘介馬，張錦傘，引彀騎衛，從裴矩巡撫二十餘州。 蒼梧首領陳坦等皆來謁見，矩承製署為刺史、縣令，使還統其部落，嶺表遂定。
Lady Xi of Gaoliang sent her grandson Feng Xuan with troops to relieve Guangzhou—but Xuan was on friendly terms with the rebel general Chen Fozhi and lingered without advancing. When the lady learned of it she was furious. She sent envoys to seize Xuan, clap him in the prefectural jail, and dispatch her other grandson Ang to attack Fozhi and cut off his head. Ang marched to Nanhai, joined Lu Yuan, and together with Murong Sanzang smashed Zhongxuan's army. Guangzhou was saved. Lady Xi herself donned armor, mounted an armored horse, and rode beneath a brocade canopy at the head of an armed escort, accompanying Pei Ju on a tour of more than twenty prefectures. Chieftains including Chen Tan of Cangwu came to pay homage. Ju, acting on imperial authority, appointed them prefects and magistrates and sent them back to rule their tribes. The region south of the ranges was pacified.
77
矩覆命，上謂高熲、楊素曰：「韋洸將二萬兵不能早度嶺，朕每患其兵少。 裴矩以三千弊卒徑至南海，有臣若此，朕亦何憂！」 以矩為民部侍郎。 拜馮盎高州刺史，追贈馮寶廣州總管、譙國公。 冊洗氏為譙國夫人，開譙國夫人幕府，置長史以下官屬，官給印章，聽發部落六州兵馬，若有機急，便宜行事。 仍敕以夫人誠效之故，特赦暄逗留之罪，拜羅州刺史。 皇后賜夫人首飾及宴服一襲，夫人並盛於金篋，並梁、陳賜物，各藏一庫，每歲時大會，陳之於庭，以示子孫，曰：「我事三代主，唯用一忠順之心。 今賜物具存，此其報也。 汝曹皆念之，盡赤心於天子！」
When Ju reported back, the emperor said to Gao Jiong and Yang Su, "Wei Guang led twenty thousand men and still could not cross the mountains in time—I always worried his force was too small. Pei Ju marched straight to Nanhai with three thousand battered troops. With ministers like this, what have I to fear!" Ju was appointed Vice Director of the Ministry of Revenue. Feng Ang was appointed Prefect of Gaozhou. Feng Bao was posthumously honored as Grand Governor of Guangzhou and Duke of Qiao. Lady Xi was created Lady of Qiao. A full staff was appointed—chief clerk and subordinates—with an official seal authorizing her to mobilize tribal forces across six prefectures. In emergencies she was empowered to act on her own authority. Because of the lady's loyal service, the emperor also pardoned Xuan's delay and appointed him Prefect of Luozhou. The empress gave the lady jeweled ornaments and a set of ceremonial robes. The lady kept them in a gold casket, alongside gifts from the Liang and Chen courts, each treasure housed in its own storehouse. At the grand yearly gathering she displayed them in the courtyard for her descendants, saying, "I served three dynasties with nothing but a loyal heart. These gifts still stand here untouched—that is the reward such loyalty earns. Remember this, every one of you, and give your whole hearts to the Son of Heaven!"
78
番州總管趙訥貪虐，諸俚、獠多亡叛。 夫人遣長史張融上封事，論安撫之宜，並言訥罪，不可以招懷遠人。 上遣推訥，得其贓賄，竟致於法； 敕委夫人招慰亡叛。 夫人親載詔書，自稱使者，歷十餘州，宣述上意，諭諸俚、獠，所至皆降。 上嘉之，賜夫人臨振縣為湯沐邑，贈馮僕崖州總管、平原公。
Zhao Ne, Grand Governor of Fanzhou, was greedy and brutal, and many Li and Liao tribesmen fled into rebellion. The lady sent her chief clerk Zhang Rong with a sealed memorial on how best to pacify the region, denouncing Ne's crimes and arguing that such a man could never win over distant peoples. The emperor ordered an investigation, uncovered Ne's graft, and had him punished to the full extent of the law; He then entrusted the lady with winning back the fugitive rebels. Bearing the imperial edict herself and traveling as the emperor's personal envoy, she toured more than ten prefectures, proclaiming the throne's will to Li and Liao alike. Everywhere she went, rebels surrendered. The emperor praised her service, granted her Linzhen County as a fief, and posthumously honored Feng Pu as Grand Governor of Yazhou and Duke of Pingyuan.
79
春，正月，皇太子妃元氏薨。
In spring, the first month, the crown prince's consort, of the Yuan clan, died.
80
二月，戊午，吐谷渾遣使入貢。 吐谷渾可汗誇呂聞陳亡，大懼，遁逃保險，不敢為寇。 誇呂卒，子世伏立，使其兄子無素奉表稱籓，並獻方物，請以女備後庭。 上謂無素曰：「若依來請，它國聞之，必當相效，何以拒之！ 朕情存安養，各令遂性，豈可聚斂子女以實後宮乎！」 竟不許。
In the second month, on the wuwu day, Tuyuhun sent envoys bearing tribute. Tuyuhun Khan Kelü, learning of Chen's fall, was terrified. He fled into the mountains and dared not raid across the border. When Kelü died, his son Shifu succeeded him. Shifu sent his nephew Wusu with a memorial declaring vassalage, regional tribute, and a request that his daughter enter the imperial harem. The emperor told Wusu, "If I grant this request, every other state will hear of it and follow suit. How could I refuse them all! My heart is to cherish peace and let every people live as they ought—how could I gather sons and daughters merely to fill the harem!" In the end he refused.
81
平鄉令劉曠有異政，以義理曉諭，訟者皆引咎而去，獄中草滿，庭可張羅； 遷臨穎令。 高熲薦曠清名善政為天下第一，上召見，勞勉之，顧謂侍臣曰：「若不殊獎，何以為勸！」 丙子，優詔擢為莒州刺史。
Liu Kuang, magistrate of Pingxiang, governed with rare excellence. He persuaded litigants with reason until each went away blaming himself. Grass grew thick in the jail, and one could spread a net in the court yard; he was promoted to magistrate of Linying. Gao Jiong praised Kuang as the finest official under Heaven for his integrity and good rule. The emperor summoned him, praised him warmly, and told his ministers, "If we do not reward such a man generously, how will we encourage the rest!" On bingzi day a special edict made him prefect of Juzhou.
82
辛巳晦，日有食之。
On the last day of the month, xinsi day, the sun was eclipsed.
83
初，帝微時，與滕穆王瓚不協。 帝為周相，以瓚為大宗伯，瓚恐為家禍，陰欲圖帝，帝隱之。 瓚妃，周高祖妹順陽公主也，與獨孤後素不平，陰為咒詛； 帝命出之，瓚不可。 秋，八月，壬申，瓚從帝幸栗園，暴薨，時人疑其遇鴆。 乙亥，帝至自栗園。
In his early days the emperor had been on bad terms with Prince Mu of Teng, Yang Zan. When the emperor became Chancellor of Zhou he appointed Zan Grand Herald. Zan feared ruin for his house and plotted in secret against the emperor, who kept the matter hidden. Zan's consort was Princess Shunyang, sister of Zhou's founding emperor; she had long resented Empress Dugu and secretly practiced curses against her; the emperor ordered her expelled, but Zan refused. In autumn, on renshen day of the eighth month, Zan accompanied the emperor to Liyuan Garden and died suddenly. Many suspected poison. On yihai day the emperor returned from Liyuan Garden.
84
沛達公鄭譯卒。
Zheng Yi, Duke of Peida, died.