1
資治通鑑第200卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 200
2
【唐紀十六】起旃蒙單瘀十月，盡玄勣閹茂七月，凡六年有奇。
[Tang Records 16] Spanning from the tenth month of 656 through the seventh month of 662 — a period of just over six years.
3
冬，十月，己酉，下詔稱：「王皇后、蕭淑妃謀行鴆毒，廢為庶人，母及兄弟，並除名，流嶺南。」 許敬宗奏：「故特進贈司空王仁祐告身尚存，使逆亂餘孽猶得為廕，並請除削。」 從之。
“In winter, the tenth month, on the day jǐyǒu, an edict declared that Empress Wang and Consort Xiao had plotted poisoning and were degraded to commoners, while their mother and brothers were struck from the family register and banished to Lingnan.” “Xu Jingzong memorialized that Wang Renyou's commission papers still survived, enabling the remnants of the disgraced faction to claim hereditary privileges, and asked that these honors be revoked as well.” The emperor approved.
4
乙卯，百官上表請立中宮，乃下詔曰：「武氏門著勳庸，地華纓黻，往以才行選入後庭，譽重椒闈，德光蘭掖。 朕昔在儲貳，特荷先慈，常得待從，弗離朝夕，宮壺之內，恆自飭躬，嬪嬙之間，未嘗迕目，聖情鑒悉，每垂賞歎，遂以武氏賜朕，事同政君，可立為皇后。」
“On the day yǐmǎo, the officials petitioned for the installation of an empress, and an edict was issued praising the Wu clan's distinguished service and noble standing, noting that she had been selected into the inner palace for her talent and conduct and had won renown in the women's quarters. When I was crown prince, my late mother favored Lady Wu, who attended me constantly day and night. Within the palace she conducted herself with restraint, and among the consorts she never met my gaze improperly. The late empress noticed this and often praised her. Lady Wu was therefore given to me, as Lady Zheng had been to a former emperor, and may now be installed as empress."1
5
丁巳，赦天下。 是日，皇后上表稱：「陛下前以妾為宸妃，韓瑗、來濟面折庭爭，此既事之極難，豈非深情為國！ 乞加褒賞。」 上以表示瑗等，瑗等彌憂懼，屢請去位，上不許。
On the day dīngsì, the emperor proclaimed a general amnesty. “That same day, the new empress submitted a memorial saying that when the emperor had wished to make her a Lady of the Bright Hall, Han Yuan and Lai Ji had argued against it in open court — a matter of the utmost difficulty that surely reflected their deep devotion to the state. She asked that they be rewarded and commended." The emperor showed the memorial to Han Yuan and his colleagues, who grew still more anxious and fearful and repeatedly asked to resign, but the emperor refused.
6
十一月，丁卯朔，臨軒命司空李勣繼璽綬冊皇后武氏。 是日，百官朝皇后於肅義門。
In the eleventh month, on the first day dīngmǎo, the emperor presided at the imperial hall and ordered Li Jì, Minister of Works, to invest Lady Wu as empress with the imperial seal and sash. That same day, the officials paid their respects to the empress at the Suyi Gate.
7
故后王氏、故淑妃蕭氏，並囚於別院，上嘗念之，間行至其所，見其室封閉極密，惟竅壁以通食器，惻然傷之，呼曰：「皇后、淑妃安在？」 王氏泣對曰：「妾等得罪為宮婢，何得更有尊稱！」 又曰：「至尊若念疇昔，使妾等再見日月，乞名此院為回心院。」 上曰：「朕即有處置。」 武后聞之，大怒，遣人杖王氏及蕭氏各一百，斷去手足，捉酒甕中，曰：「令二嫗骨醉！」 數日而死，又斬之。 王氏初聞宣敕，再拜曰：「願大家萬歲！ 昭儀承恩，死自吾分。」 淑妃罵曰：「阿武妖猾，乃至於此！ 願他生我為貓，阿武為鼠，生生扼其喉。」 由是宮中不畜貓。 尋又改王氏姓為蟒氏，蕭氏為梟氏。 武后數見王、蕭為祟，被髮瀝血如死時狀。 後徙居蓬萊宮，復見之，故多在洛陽，終身不歸長安。
The deposed Empress Wang and Consort Xiao were held in a separate courtyard. The emperor sometimes thought of them and went to see them in secret. Finding their rooms sealed tight, with food passed only through holes in the walls, he was moved with pity and called out, 'Where are the empress and the consort?' Wang wept and replied, 'We have offended and are mere palace maids — how can we still bear such honored titles!' She added, 'If Your Majesty remembers the past and allows us to see daylight again, I beg that this courtyard be named the Courtyard of Returning Hearts.' The emperor said, 'I shall see to it presently.' When Empress Wu heard of this, she was furious and sent men to beat Wang and Xiao a hundred strokes each, cut off their hands and feet, and place them in wine jars, saying, 'Let the two old hags steep their bones in wine!' They died within several days, and their bodies were then beheaded. When Wang first heard the decree announced, she bowed twice and said, 'May Her Majesty live ten thousand years! The Lady of Bright Deportment enjoys the emperor's favor; death is my own due.' Consort Xiao cursed, 'That witch Wu is so treacherous as to come to this! May I be reborn as a cat and Wu as a mouse, and in life after life throttle her throat.' From that time onward, cats were not kept in the palace. Shortly afterward Wang's clan name was changed to Python and Xiao's to Owl. Empress Wu repeatedly saw Wang and Xiao as vengeful spirits, hair disheveled and dripping blood as they had been at death. Later, when she moved to Penglai Palace, she saw them again; thereafter she spent most of her time in Luoyang and never returned to Chang'an for the rest of her life.
8
己巳，許敬宗奏曰：「永徽爰始，國本未生，權引彗星，越升明兩。 近者元妃載誕，正胤降神，重光日融，爝暉宜息。 安可反植枝幹，久易位於天庭； 倒襲裳衣，使違方於震位！ 又，父子之際，人所難言，事或犯鱗，必嬰嚴憲，煎膏染鼎，臣亦甘心。」 上召見，問之，對曰：「皇太子，國之本也，本猶未正，萬國無所繫心。 且在東宮者，所出本微，今知國家已有正嫡，必不自安。 竊位而懷自疑，恐非宗廟之福，願陛下熟計之。」 上曰：「忠已自讓。」 對曰：「能為太伯，願速從之。」
“On the day jǐsì, Xu Jingzong memorialized that since the Yonghui era the succession had not been settled, and a comet — a provisional heir — had been elevated beyond the proper line. Recently the primary consort has given birth to the legitimate heir, and the sun's doubled radiance grows warm — the torchlight of a provisional heir should now be extinguished. How can the branches be planted upside down and positions long exchanged in the heavenly court; or the garments be worn upside down, violating their proper stations in the eastern quadrant! Furthermore, the relationship between father and son is difficult to address; if I should touch a forbidden matter and incur severe punishment — even boiling in oil — I would accept it willingly." “The emperor summoned him and questioned him. He replied that the crown prince was the foundation of the state, and until that foundation was set right, the realm had nothing to anchor its loyalty to. Moreover, the prince now in the Eastern Palace is of humble birth; now that he knows the state has a legitimate heir, he will surely not feel secure. To hold a position while filled with self-doubt cannot be a blessing for the ancestral temple; I beg Your Majesty to consider this carefully." The emperor said, 'Zhong has already yielded of his own accord.' He replied, 'If he can be like Taibo, I hope he will do so at once.'2
9
西突厥頡苾達度設數遣使請兵討沙缽羅可汗。 甲戌，遣豐州都督元禮臣冊拜頡苾達度設為可汗。 禮臣至碎葉城，沙缽羅發兵拒之，不得前。 頡苾達度設部落多為沙缽羅所並，餘眾寡弱，不為諸姓所附，禮臣竟不冊拜而歸。
The Western Türk chieftain Ashina Dadu she repeatedly sent envoys requesting troops to attack Qaghan Shabo. On the day jiǎxū, Yuan Lichen, military governor of Feng Prefecture, was dispatched to invest Ashina Dadu she as qaghan. When Lichen reached Suyab, Shabo raised troops to block him, and he could not advance. Most of Ashina Dadu she's tribes had been absorbed by Shabo; the survivors were few and weak and won no support from the other clans, so Lichen returned without performing the investiture.
10
中書侍郎李義府參知政事。 義府容貌溫恭，與人語，必嬉怡微笑，而狡險忌克，故時人謂義府笑中有刀； 又以其柔而害物，謂之李貓。
Li Yifu, Vice Director of the Secretariat, was appointed to participate in governing. Yifu had a gentle, respectful appearance and always smiled cheerfully when speaking with others, yet he was treacherous, jealous, and spiteful, so people said he had a knife in his smile; and because his soft manner harmed others, they called him Li the Cat.
11
春，正月，辛未，以皇太子忠為梁王、梁州刺史，立皇后子代王弘為皇太子，生四年矣。 忠既廢，官屬皆懼罪亡匿，無敢見者； 右庶子李安仁獨候忠，泣涕拜辭而去。 安仁，綱之孫也。
In spring, the first month, on the day xīngwèi, Crown Prince Zhong was made Prince of Liang and military governor of Liang Prefecture, while the empress's son, Prince Dai Hong, was installed as crown prince at the age of four. Once Zhong was deposed, his staff all feared punishment and fled; none dared to see him; only Li Anren, Right Guardian of the Heir Apparent, waited for him, weeping and bowing in farewell before departing. Anren was a grandson of Li Gang.
12
壬申，赦天下，改元。
On the day rénshēn, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign era was changed.
13
二月，辛亥，贈武士擭司徒，賜爵周國公。
In the second month, on the day xīnghài, Wu Shiyue was posthumously appointed Minister of Works and granted the title Duke of Zhou.
14
三月，以度支侍郎杜正倫為黃門侍郎、同三品。
In the third month, Du Zhenglun, Vice Director of the Revenue Bureau, was appointed Vice Director of the Chancellery with third-rank status.
15
夏，四月，壬子，矩州人謝無靈舉兵反，黔州都督李子和討平之。
In summer, the fourth month, on the day rénzǐ, Xie Wuling of Ju Prefecture rebelled; Li Zihe, military governor of Qian Prefecture, suppressed the uprising.
16
己未，上謂侍臣曰：「朕思養人之道，未得其要，公等為朕陳之。」 來濟對曰：「昔齊桓公出遊，見老而饑寒者，命賜之食，老人曰：『願賜一國之饑者。』 賜之衣，曰：『願賜一國之寒者。』 公曰：『寡人之廩府安足以週一國之饑寒！』 老人曰『君不奪農時，則國人皆有餘食矣； 不奪蠶要，則國人皆有餘衣矣！』 故人君之養人，在省其征役而已。 今山東役丁，歲別數萬，役之則人大勞，取庸則人大費。 臣願陛下量公家所須外，餘悉免之。」 上從之。
On the day jǐwèi, the emperor told his ministers, 'I have been considering how best to nurture the people but have not grasped the essentials; explain them to me.' Lai Ji replied with a story: Duke Huan of Qi once saw an old man suffering from hunger and cold and ordered food given to him. The old man said, 'I wish you would feed all the hungry in the state. He gave him clothing, and the man said, 'I wish you would clothe all the cold in the state.' The duke said, 'How can my granaries possibly suffice for all the hunger and cold in the state!' The old man said, 'If the ruler does not seize the farming seasons, the people will all have surplus food; if he does not seize the silkworm seasons, the people will all have surplus clothing!' Therefore the ruler's way of nurturing the people lies simply in reducing their corvée labor and levies. Today in the east, corvée laborers number tens of thousands each year; conscription exhausts the people, and substitute payments impoverish them. I beg Your Majesty, beyond what the state genuinely requires, to exempt all the rest.' The emperor followed his advice.
17
六月，辛亥，禮宮奏停太祖、世祖配祀，以高祖配昊天於圜丘，太宗配五帝於明堂； 從之。
In the sixth month, on the day xīnghài, the ritual officials memorialized to discontinue joint sacrifices to the High Ancestor and Founding Ancestor, assigning Emperor Gaozu to accompany the Supreme Lord of Heaven at the Circular Mound and Emperor Taizong to accompany the Five Emperors at the Bright Hall; The emperor approved.
18
秋，七月，乙丑，西洱蠻酋長楊棟附、顯和蠻酋長王羅祁、郎、昆、梨、盤四州酋長王伽沖等帥眾內附。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the day yǐchǒu, chieftains Yang Dongfu of the Western Erhai tribes, Wang Luoqi of the Xianhe tribes, and Wang Jiachong of the four prefectures of Lang, Kun, Li, and Pan, among others, led their followers in submitting to Tang rule.
19
癸未，以中書令崔敦禮為太子少師、同中書門下三品。
On the day guǐwèi, Cui Dunli, Director of the Secretariat, was appointed Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince with third-rank chancellery status.
20
八月，丙申，固安昭公崔敦禮薨。
In the eighth month, on the day bǐngshēn, Cui Dunli, Duke of Gu'an, died.
21
辛丑，蔥山道行軍總管程知節擊西突厥，與歌邏、處月二部戰於榆慕谷，大破之，斬首千餘級。 副總管周智度攻突騎施、處木昆等部於咽城，拔之，斬首三萬級。
On the day xīnchǒu, Cheng Zhijie, commander of the Onion Mountain campaign, attacked the Western Türks and defeated the Geluolu and Chuyue tribes at Yumugu Valley, taking more than a thousand heads. Deputy commander Zhou Zhidu attacked the Turgesh, Chumukun, and other tribes at Yancheng, captured the city, and took thirty thousand heads.
22
乙巳，龜茲王布失畢入朝。
On the day yǐsì, Bushibi, king of Kucha, came to court.
23
李義府恃寵用事。 洛州婦人淳于氏，美色，系大理獄，義府屬大理寺丞畢正義枉法出之，將納為妾，大理卿段寶玄疑而奏之。 上命給事中劉仁軌等鞫之，義府恐事洩，逼正義自縊於獄中。 上知之，原義府罪不問。
Li Yifu relied on imperial favor to wield power. A beautiful woman of Luoyang surnamed Chunyu was held in the Court of Judicial Review prison. Yifu had Vice Director Bi Zhengyi release her unlawfully, intending to take her as a concubine. Director Duan Baoxuan grew suspicious and reported the matter. The emperor ordered Liu Rengui and others to investigate. Yifu, fearing exposure, forced Zhengyi to hang himself in prison. The emperor learned of this but pardoned Yifu and took no action.
24
侍御史漣水王義方欲奏彈之，先白其母曰：「義方為御史，視奸臣不糾則不忠，糾之則身危而憂及於親為不孝，二者不能自決，奈何？」 母曰：「昔王陵之母，殺身以成子之名。 汝能盡忠以事君，吾死不恨！」 義方乃奏稱：「義府於輦轂之下，擅殺六品寺丞； 就雲正義自殺，亦由畏義府威，殺身以滅口。 如此，則生殺之威，不由上出，漸不可長，請更加勘當！」 於是對仗，叱義府令下； 義府顧望不退。 義方三叱，上既無言，義府始趨出，義方乃讀彈文。 上釋義府不問，而謂義方毀辱大臣，言辭不遜，貶萊州司戶。
Attending Censor Wang Yifang of Lianshui wished to impeach him and first told his mother, 'As a censor, if I see a treacherous minister and do not impeach him I am disloyal; if I impeach him I endanger myself and my family, which is unfilial. I cannot decide between the two — what am I to do?' His mother said, 'Formerly the mother of Wang Ling gave her life to establish her son's reputation. If you can serve the ruler with full loyalty, I shall die without regret!' “Yifang then memorialized that Yifu, beneath the imperial capital, had arbitrarily killed a sixth-rank vice director; even if Zhengyi killed himself, it was from fear of Yifu's power — he gave his life to silence the affair. In this way the power of life and death no longer issues from the throne; such a trend cannot be allowed to grow — I beg that the matter be investigated further!' Thereupon, facing the imperial audience, the emperor shouted at Yifu to step down; Yifu looked about and would not withdraw. Yifang shouted three times; when the emperor remained silent, Yifu at last hurried out, and Yifang then read his impeachment memorial. The emperor released Yifu without inquiry but demoted Yifang to Registrar of Laizhou for insulting a high minister with impertinent language.
25
九月，括州暴風，海溢，溺四千餘家。
In the ninth month, a violent storm struck Kuo Prefecture; the sea overflowed and drowned more than four thousand households.
26
冬，十一月，丙寅，生羌酋長浪我利波等帥眾內附，以其地置柘、栱二州。
In winter, the eleventh month, on the day bǐngyín, Lang Wolibo and other chieftains of the Sheng Qiang led their followers in submitting to Tang rule, and their territory was organized as the prefectures of Zhe and Gong.
27
十二月，程知節引軍至鷹娑川，遇西突厥二萬騎，別部鼠尼施等二萬餘騎繼至，前軍總管蘇定方帥五百騎馳往擊之，西突厥大敗，追奔二十里，殺獲千五百餘人，獲馬及器械，綿亙山野，不可勝計。 副大總管王文度害其功，言於知節曰：「今茲雖雲破賊，官軍亦有死傷，乘危輕脫，乃成敗之法耳，何急而為此！ 自今當結方陳，置輜重在內，遇賊則戰，此萬全策也。」 又矯稱別得旨，以知節恃勇輕敵，委文度為之節制，遂收軍不許深入。 士卒終日跨馬被甲結陳，不勝疲頓，馬多瘦死。 定方言於知節曰：「出師欲以討賊，今乃自守，坐自困敝，若遇賊必敗； 懦怯如此，何以立功！ 且主上以公為大將，豈可更遣軍副專其號令，事必不然。 請囚文度，飛表以聞。」 知節不從。 至恆篤城，有群胡歸附，文度曰「此屬伺我旋師，還復為賊，不如盡殺之，取其資財。」 定方曰：「如此乃自為賊耳，何名伐叛！」 文度竟殺之，分其財，獨定方不受。 師旋，文度坐矯詔當死，特除名； 知節亦坐逗遛追賊不及，減死免官。
In the twelfth month, Cheng Zhijie led his army to the Yingsuo River and encountered twenty thousand Western Türk cavalry, with another twenty thousand or more of the Shunishi division arriving in succession. Vanguard commander Su Dingfang led five hundred horsemen in a charge; the Western Türks were utterly defeated. Pursuing them twenty li, they killed and captured more than fifteen hundred men and seized horses and weapons stretching across the mountains and plains beyond count. Deputy supreme commander Wang Wendu, envious of his achievement, said to Zhijie, 'Though we broke the enemy this time, our own troops also suffered casualties. To press an advantage recklessly courts disaster — why be so hasty! From now on we should form square formations, keep the baggage train within, and fight only when we encounter the enemy — that is the surest strategy.' He also falsely claimed separate orders that, because Zhijie relied on his courage and underestimated the enemy, Wendu was entrusted to restrain him; the army was halted and not permitted to advance deeply. The soldiers spent entire days mounted, armored, and in formation until utterly exhausted; many horses grew thin and died. Dingfang said to Zhijie, 'We marched out to attack the enemy, yet now we merely defend ourselves and wear ourselves down — if we meet the enemy we are sure to be defeated; to be so timid — how can one achieve merit! Moreover, His Majesty appointed you supreme commander — how could he send a deputy to monopolize your orders? Such a thing cannot be. I beg that Wendu be imprisoned and a rapid memorial sent to the throne.' Zhijie did not follow his advice. When they reached Hengdu City, a group of barbarians came to submit. Wendu said, 'These people will wait until we withdraw and rebel again — better to kill them all and seize their goods.' Dingfang said, 'To do so would make us rebels ourselves — what would be the name of suppressing rebellion!' Wendu ultimately killed them and divided their goods; only Dingfang refused any share. When the army returned, Wendu was charged with forging an edict, a capital offense, and was specially stripped of rank and office; Zhijie was also charged with dawdling and failing to pursue the enemy; his sentence was reduced from death and he was dismissed from office.
28
是歲，以太常卿駙馬都尉高履行為益州長史。
That year, Gao Lüxing, Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and imperial son-in-law, was appointed chief administrator of Yi Prefecture.
29
韓瑗上疏，為褚遂良訟冤曰：「遂良體國忘家，捐身徇物，風霜其操，鐵石其心，社稷之舊臣，陛下之賢佐。 無聞罪狀，斥去朝廷，內外□黎，鹹嗟舉措。 臣聞晉武弘裕，不貽劉毅之誅； 漢祖深仁，無恚周昌之直。 而遂良被遷，已經寒暑，違忤陛下，其罰塞焉。 伏願緬鑒無辜，稍寬非罪，俯矜微款，以順人情。」 上謂瑗曰：「遂良之情，朕亦知之。 然其悖戾好犯上，故以此責之，卿何言之深也！」 對曰：「遂良社稷忠臣，為讒諛所毀。 昔微子去而殷國以亡，張華存而綱紀不亂。 陛下無故棄逐舊臣，恐非國家之福！」 上不納。 瑗以言不用，乞歸田裡，上不許。
“Han Yuan submitted a memorial pleading Chu Suiliang's innocence, saying that Suiliang had embodied the state above his family, given himself to public service, borne a conduct weathered by hardship and a heart of iron — an old minister of the realm and the emperor's worthy assistant. No crime was established, yet he was expelled from court; within and without, the common people all lamented this act. Your servant recalls that Emperor Wu of Jin was magnanimous and did not put Liu Yi to death; and the Founding Emperor of Han was deeply benevolent and bore no resentment toward Zhou Chang's bluntness. Yet Suiliang has been transferred and has already passed through the seasons; whatever offense against Your Majesty, his punishment is surely sufficient. I humbly beg that Your Majesty look back upon his innocence, ease his undeserved punishment, and condescend to this humble plea, so as to accord with the feelings of the people." The emperor said to Yuan, 'I also know Suiliang's feelings. Yet he is perverse and fond of offending his superiors; therefore I blame him thus — why do you speak so strongly!' Yuan replied, 'Suiliang is a loyal minister of the realm, destroyed by slanderers and flatterers. Formerly when Weizi departed, the Yin state perished; when Zhang Hua remained, order was preserved. Your Majesty has cast out an old minister without cause — I fear this is not a blessing for the state!' The emperor did not accept his advice. Yuan, because his advice was not heeded, begged to retire to his fields, but the emperor refused.
30
劉洎之子訟其父冤，稱貞觀之末，為褚遂良所譖而死，李義府復助之。 上以問近臣，眾希義府之旨，皆言其枉。 給事中長安樂彥瑋獨曰：「劉洎大臣，人主暫有不豫，豈得遽自比伊、霍！ 今雪洎之罪，謂先帝用刑不當乎！」 上然其言，遂寢其事。
Liu Ji's son pleaded his father's wrongful death, claiming that at the end of the Zhenguan era his father had been slandered to death by Chu Suiliang with Li Yifu's assistance. The emperor questioned his close ministers; hoping to please Yifu, they all said the charge was false. Attending Censor Le Yanyi of Chang'an alone said, 'Liu Ji was a great minister; when the ruler is briefly unwell, how could he abruptly compare himself to Yi Yin and Huo Guang! To clear Ji's guilt now — would that not mean the late emperor used punishment improperly!' The emperor agreed with him and dropped the matter.
31
春，正月，癸巳，分哥邏祿部置陰山、大漠二都督府。
In spring, the first month, on day guisi, the Geluolu were divided and two protectorate headquarters were set up at Yinshan and Damo.
32
閏月，壬寅，上行幸洛陽。
In the intercalary month, on day renyin, the emperor traveled to Luoyang.
33
庚戌，以右屯衛將軍蘇定方為伊麗道行軍總管，帥燕然都護渭南任雅相、副都護蕭嗣業發回紇等兵，自北道討西突厥沙缽羅可汗。 嗣業，鉅之子也。
On day gengxu, Su Dingfang, general of the Right Garrison Guards, was appointed grand commander of the Yili campaign; leading Protectorate commandant Ren Yaxiang of Weinan and deputy commandant Xiao Siye, he raised Uyghur and allied forces on the northern route to attack the Western Turkic qaghan Shaboluo. Siye was the son of Ju.
34
初，右衛大將軍阿史那彌射及族兄左屯衛大將軍步真，皆西突厥酋長，太宗之世，帥眾來降； 至是，詔以彌射、步真為流沙安撫大使，自南道招集舊眾。
Earlier, Right Guard general Ashina Mishe and his clansman Left Garrison Guard general Ashina Buzhen had both been Western Turkic chieftains; in Taizong's reign they led their people to surrender; At this time an edict named Mishe and Buzhen pacification commissioners of the Flowing Sands, to rally their former followers along the southern route.
35
二月，辛酉，車駕至洛陽宮。
In the second month, on day xinyou, the imperial procession reached the Luoyang Palace.
36
庚午，立皇子顯為周王。 壬申，徙雍王素節為郇王。
On day gengwu, the emperor's son Xian was installed as Prince of Zhou. On day renshen, Prince of Yong Su Jie was reassigned as Prince of Xun.
37
三月，甲辰，以潭州都督褚遂良為桂州都督。
In the third month, on day jiachen, Chu Suiliang was moved from commissioner of Tanzhou to commissioner of Guizhou.
38
癸丑，以李義府兼中書令。
On day guichou, Li Yifu was additionally appointed director of the Central Secretariat.
39
夏，五月，丙申，上幸明德宮避暑。 上自即位，每日視事； 庚子，宰相奏天下無虞，請隔日視事； 許之。
In summer, the fifth month, on day bingshen, the emperor went to Mingde Palace to escape the heat. Since his accession, the emperor had attended to state affairs every day; On day gengzi, the chief ministers reported that the realm was at peace and asked that he hear business on alternate days; He agreed.
40
秋，七月，丁亥朔，上還洛陽宮。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, day dinghai, the emperor returned to the Luoyang Palace.
41
王玄策之破天竺也，得方士那羅邇娑婆寐以歸，自言有長生之術。 太宗頗信之，深加禮敬，使合長生藥。 發使四方求奇藥異石，又發使詣婆羅門諸國採藥。 其言率皆迂誕無實，苟欲以延歲月，藥竟不就，乃放還。 上即位，復詣長安，又遣歸。 玄策時為道王友，辛亥，奏言：「此婆羅門實能合長年藥，自詭必成，今遣歸，可惜失之。」 玄策退，上謂侍臣曰：「自古安有神仙！ 秦始皇、漢武帝求之，疲弊生民，卒無所成。 果有不死之人，今皆安在！」 李對曰：「誠如聖言。 此婆羅門今茲再來，容發衰白，已改於前，何能長生！ 陛下遣之，內外皆喜。」 娑婆寐竟死於長安。
When Wang Xuance defeated India, he brought back the adept Narayana Samadhi, who claimed to know the secret of long life. Taizong believed him deeply, honored him lavishly, and had him compound an elixir of longevity. Envoys were sent to the four quarters for rare drugs and exotic stones, and others were dispatched to Brahman countries to collect medicinals. His words were mostly absurd and empty, merely meant to buy time; the medicine was never finished, and he was sent home. After the present emperor took the throne, he came to Chang'an again and was sent away again. “Xuance was then companion to the Prince of Dao; on day xinhai he memorialized that this Brahman could truly compound a longevity elixir and boasted it would surely succeed — to send him away now would be a regrettable loss.” Xuance withdrew; the emperor said to his attending ministers, "Since antiquity has there ever been an immortal! Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of Han sought them, exhausting the people, and in the end achieved nothing. If there truly were undying men, where are they all now!" Li Ji replied, "Truly, as Your Sagely Majesty says. This Brahman has come again; the hair at his temples has turned white and withered — he is not the man he was before; how could he achieve long life! Your Majesty's sending him away has pleased everyone inside and outside the court." Samadhi ultimately died in Chang'an.
42
許敬宗、李義府希皇后旨，誣奏侍中韓瑗、中書令來濟與褚遂良潛謀不軌，以桂州用武之地，授遂良桂州都督，欲以為外援。 八月，丁卯，瑗坐貶振州刺史，濟貶台州刺史，終身不聽朝覲。 又貶褚遂良為愛州刺史，榮州刺史柳奭為象州刺史。
Xu Jingzong and Li Yifu, currying favor with the empress, falsely accused Attending Secretary Han Yuan and Central Secretariat director Lai Ji of plotting treason with Chu Suiliang — claiming that because Guizhou was militarily strategic, Suiliang had been made its commissioner to serve as outside support. In the eighth month, on day dingmao, Yuan was demoted to prefect of Zhen and Ji to prefect of Taizhou, and both were barred from court audiences for life. Chu Suiliang was further demoted to prefect of Ai, and Liu Shang, prefect of Rong, to prefect of Xiang.
43
遂良至愛州，上表自陳：「往者濮王、承乾交爭之際，臣不顧死亡，歸心陛下。 時岑文本、劉洎奏稱『承乾惡狀已彰，身在別所，其於東宮，不可少時虛曠，請且遣濮王往居東宮。』 臣又抗言固爭，皆陛下所見。 卒與無忌等四人共定大策。 及先朝大漸，獨臣與無忌同受遺詔。 陛下在草土之辰，不勝哀慟，臣以社稷寬譬，陛下手抱臣頸。 臣與無忌區處眾事，鹹無廢闕，數日之間，內外寧謐。 力小任重，動罹愆過，螻蟻餘齒，乞陛下哀憐。」 表奏，不省。
When Suiliang reached Ai Prefecture, he submitted a memorial in his own defense: "In the past, when the Prince of Pu and Chengqian were contending, I disregarded death and gave my heart to Your Majesty. At that time Cen Wenti and Liu Ji memorialized that Chengqian's wicked conduct was already clear, that he was living elsewhere, and that the Eastern Palace must not be left vacant even briefly — they asked that the Prince of Pu be sent for the time being to reside in the Eastern Palace. I also spoke out in firm opposition — all of which Your Majesty witnessed. In the end, together with Wuji and three others, I helped settle the great decision. When the late emperor grew critically ill, Wuji and I alone received the secret edict. When Your Majesty was still in deepest mourning, overcome with grief, I comforted you for the sake of the realm, and Your Majesty clasped my neck in your arms. Wuji and I arranged all affairs without neglect; within a few days, within and without the court were tranquil. My strength is small yet my burden is great; I often err in action — in the few days left to an ant, I beg Your Majesty's pity." The memorial was submitted and received no response.
44
己巳，禮官奏：「四郊迎氣，存太微五帝之祀； 南郊明堂，廢緯書六天之義。 其方丘祭地之外，別有神州，亦請合為一祀。」 從之。
“On day jisi, the ritual officials memorialized that at the four suburban rites welcoming the seasonal qi, the sacrifices to the Five Emperors of Taiwei should be retained; at the southern suburb and Bright Hall, the weft-text doctrine of the Six Heavens should be abolished. Apart from the square-mound rites to Earth, there is also the Spirit Land altar — they also asked that these be combined into a single sacrifice." The emperor approved.
45
辛未，以禮部尚書許敬宗為侍中，兼度支尚書杜正倫為兼中書令。
On day xinwei, Xu Jingzong, minister of rites, was made attending secretary, and Du Zhenlun, concurrently minister of revenue, was additionally made director of the Central Secretariat.
46
冬，十月，戊戌，上行幸許州。 乙巳，畋於滍水之南。 壬子，至祀水曲。 十二月，乙卯朔，車駕還洛陽宮。
In winter, the tenth month, on day wuxu, the emperor traveled to Xuzhou. On day yisi, he hunted south of the Zhi River. On day renzi, he reached the bend of the Si River. In the twelfth month, on the first day, day yimao, the imperial procession returned to the Luoyang Palace.
47
蘇定方擊西突厥沙缽羅可汗，至金山北，先擊處木昆部，大破之，其俟斤懶獨祿等帥萬餘帳來降，定方撫之，發其千騎與俱。
Su Dingfang attacked the Western Turkic qaghan Shaboluo; reaching north of Gold Mountain, he first struck the Chumukun and routed them; their yabghu Niduolu and others led more than ten thousand tents to surrender; Dingfang received them and took a thousand of their horsemen with him.
48
右領軍郎將薛仁貴上言：「泥孰部素不伏賀魯，為賀魯所破，虜其妻子。 今唐兵有破賀魯諸部得泥孰妻子者，宜歸之，仍加賜賚，使彼明知賀魯為賊而大唐為之父母，則人致其死，不遺力矣。」 上從之。 泥孰喜，請從軍共擊賀魯。
“Right collegiate officer Xue Rengui memorialized that the Nishu had never submitted to Helu; Helu had destroyed them and seized their wives and children. Wherever Tang forces defeat Helu's divisions and recover Nishu wives and children, they should be returned and further rewarded, so that they clearly see Helu as the enemy and Great Tang as their protector — then men will give their lives without sparing effort." The emperor agreed. The Nishu were delighted and asked to join the army in attacking Helu.
49
定方至曳咥河西，沙缽羅帥十姓兵且十萬來拒戰。 定方將唐兵及回紇萬餘人擊之。 沙缽羅輕定方兵少，直進圍之。 定方令步兵據南原，攢槊外向，自將騎兵陳於北原。 沙缽羅先攻步軍，三沖不動，定方引騎兵擊之，沙缽羅大敗，追奔三十里，斬獲數萬人； 明日，勒兵復進。 於是胡祿屋等五弩失畢悉眾來降，沙缽羅獨與處木昆屈律啜數百騎西走。 時阿史那步真出南道，五咄陸部落聞沙缽羅敗，皆詣步真降。 定方乃命蕭嗣業、回紇婆閏將胡兵趨邪羅斯川，追沙缽羅，定方與任雅相將新附之眾繼之。 會大雪，平地二尺，軍中鹹請俟晴而行，定方曰：「虜恃雪深，謂我不能進，必休息士馬。 亟追之可及，若緩之，彼遁逃浸遠，不可復追，省日兼功，在此時矣！」 乃蹋雪晝夜兼行，所過收其部眾，至雙河，與彌射、步真兵合，去沙缽羅所居二百里，布陳長驅，逕至其牙帳。 沙缽羅與其徒將獵，定方掩其不備，縱兵擊之，斬獲數萬人，得其鼓纛，沙缽羅與其子咥運、婿閻啜等脫走，趣石國。 定方於是息兵，諸部各歸所居，通道路，置郵驛，掩骸骨，問疾苦，畫疆場，復生業，凡為沙缽羅所掠者，悉括還之，十姓安堵如故。 乃命蕭嗣業將兵追沙缽羅，定方引軍還。
When Dingfang reached west of the Yechi River, Shaboluo led nearly one hundred thousand warriors of the ten surnames to give battle. Dingfang led Tang troops and more than ten thousand Uyghurs against them. Shaboluo, despising Dingfang's small force, advanced straight to encircle him. Dingfang ordered the infantry to hold the southern height with spears massed pointing outward, while he personally arrayed the cavalry on the northern height. Shaboluo attacked the infantry first; three charges failed to budge them; Dingfang led the cavalry in and routed Shaboluo utterly; pursued thirty li, slaying and capturing tens of thousands; The next day he reformed the army and advanced again. Thereupon the five Nushibi led by Huluwu all came over with their full strength; Shaboluo alone fled west with Qulüchu of Chumukun and a few hundred horsemen. At that time Ashina Buzhen was advancing on the southern route; hearing of Shaboluo's defeat, all the Wudulu tribes came to Buzhen to surrender. Dingfang then ordered Xiao Siye and the Uyghur Bogul Khan to lead Turkic troops toward the Talas River in pursuit of Shaboluo, while he and Ren Yaxiang followed with the newly submitted forces. Heavy snow fell, two feet deep on level ground; the whole army asked to wait for clear weather; Dingfang said, "The enemy will rely on the deep snow, thinking we cannot advance, and will surely rest their men and horses. Pursue them swiftly and we can catch them; if we delay, they will slip farther away and cannot be pursued — to save time and double our gains, the moment is now!" They then marched day and night through the snow, gathering tribal followers as they went; at Shuanghe they joined Mishe and Buzhen's forces; two hundred li from Shaboluo's camp they deployed and drove straight to his royal tent. Shaboluo and his followers were out hunting; Dingfang took them unawares and attacked; tens of thousands were slain or captured and his drums and banners were seized; Shaboluo escaped with his son Niyun, son-in-law Yanchuo, and others, fleeing toward the Stone Kingdom. Dingfang then rested the army; each tribe returned to its home; roads were opened, post stations established, the dead buried, the afflicted comforted, borders marked, and livelihoods restored — everything Shaboluo had plundered was returned, and the ten surnames were settled as before. He then ordered Xiao Siye to pursue Shaboluo while Dingfang led the army back.
50
沙缽羅至石國西北蘇咄城，人馬饑乏，遣人繼珍寶入城市馬。 城主伊沮達官詐以酒食出迎，誘之入，閉門執之，送於石國。 蕭嗣業至石國，石國人以沙缽羅授之。
Shaboluo reached Sudu City northwest of the Stone Kingdom; his men and horses were starving and exhausted; he sent men with jewels and treasures into the city to buy horses. The city lord Yijuda feigned welcome with food and wine, lured him inside, closed the gates and seized him, and handed him over to the Stone Kingdom. When Xiao Siye reached the Stone Kingdom, its people handed Shaboluo over to him.
51
乙丑，分西突厥地置濛池、昆陵二都護府，以阿史那彌射為左衛大將軍、昆陵都護、興昔亡可汗，押五咄陸部落； 阿史那步真為右衛大將軍、濛池都護、繼往絕可汗，押五弩失畢部落。 遣光祿卿盧承慶持節冊命，仍命彌射、步真與承慶據諸姓降者，准其部落大小，位望高下，授刺史以下官。
On day yichou, the Western Turkic lands were divided and two protectorates general were set up at Mengchi and Kunling — Ashina Mishe was made general-in-chief of the Left Guard, protector general of Kunling, and khan Reviving the Past, overseeing the Wudulu tribes; Ashina Buzhen was made general-in-chief of the Right Guard, protector general of Mengchi, and khan Continuing the Past, overseeing the Wunushi tribes. Director of the Imperial Household Lu Chengqing was sent with credentials to invest them; Mishe and Buzhen were also ordered, together with Chengqing, to grant offices down to prefect according to the size of each surrendered tribe and each man's standing.
52
丁卯，以洛陽宮為東都，洛州官吏員品並如雍州。
On day dingmao, the Luoyang Palace was made the Eastern Capital, and Luozhou's official ranks and posts were made identical to Yongzhou's.
53
是歲，詔：「自今僧尼不得受父母及尊者禮拜，所司明有法制禁斷。」
“That year an edict declared that henceforth monks and nuns must not receive obeisance from parents and elders, and that the relevant offices were to enforce the prohibition by law.”3
54
以吏部侍郎劉祥道為黃門侍郎，仍知吏部選事。 祥道以為：「今選司取士傷濫，每年入流之數，過一千四百，雜色入流，曾不銓簡。 即日內外文武官一品至九品，凡萬三千四百六十五員，約准三十年，則萬三千餘人略盡矣。 若年別入流者五百人，足充所須之數。 望有釐革。」 既而杜正倫亦言入流人太多。 上命正倫與祥道詳議，而大臣憚於改作，事遂寢。 祥道，杜甫之子也。
Liu Xiangdao, vice minister of the Ministry of Personnel, was appointed vice minister of the Huangmen and continued to oversee personnel selection. “Xiangdao argued that the selection office was recruiting too loosely: more than fourteen hundred people entered the flow ranks each year, and miscellaneous entrants were never screened. At present there were thirteen thousand four hundred sixty-five civil and military posts from first to ninth rank; projected over thirty years, those thirteen-odd thousand posts would be filled. If only five hundred entered the flow ranks each year, that would meet the state's needs. He asked that the system be reformed." Du Zhenglun also said that too many people were entering the flow ranks. The emperor ordered Zhenglun and Xiangdao to discuss the matter in detail, but the senior ministers shrank from reform and the proposal was dropped. Xiangdao was a son of the poet Du Fu.
55
春，正月，戊子，長孫無忌等上所修新禮； 詔中外行之。 先是，議者謂貞觀禮節文未備，故命無忌等修之。 時許敬宗、李義府用事，所損益多希旨，學者非之。 太常博士蕭楚材等以為豫備凶事，非臣子所宜言； 敬宗、義府深然之，遂焚《國恤》一篇，由是凶禮遂闕。
In spring, the first month, on day wuzi, Zhangsun Wuji and others presented the newly compiled rites to the emperor; and an edict ordered them implemented throughout the court and realm. Earlier, critics had said the Zhenguan ritual corpus was incomplete, and the emperor had ordered Wuji and others to revise it. At the time Xu Jingzong and Li Yifu held power; most changes curried favor with the throne, and scholars criticized the result. Directors of studies at the Chamber of Rites, Xiao Chucai and others, argued that to prepare for funeral rites in advance was not language fit for subjects; Jingzong and Yifu strongly agreed; they burned the chapter on national mourning, and funeral rites were thereby left incomplete.
56
初，龜茲王布失畢妻阿史那氏與其相那利私通，布失畢不能禁，由是君臣猜阻，各有黨與，互來告難。 上兩召之，既至，囚那利，遣左領軍郎將雷文成送布失畢歸國。 至龜茲東境泥師城，龜茲大將羯獵顛發眾拒之，仍遣使降於西突厥沙缽羅可汗。 布失畢據城自守，不敢進。 詔左屯衛大將軍楊冑發兵討之。 會布失畢病卒，冑與羯獵顛戰，大破之，擒羯獵顛及其黨，盡誅之，乃以其地為龜茲都督府。 戊申，立布失畢之子素稽為龜茲王兼都督。
Earlier, the Kucha king Bu Shibi's wife, of the Ashina clan, had an affair with his minister Nali, which Bu Shibi could not stop; ruler and minister grew suspicious of each other, each gathered supporters, and they repeatedly denounced one another to the court. The emperor summoned them twice; when they arrived he imprisoned Nali and sent Left Army Guard commandant Lei Wencheng to escort Bu Shibi home. At Nishi city on Kucha's eastern border, the Kucha general Jieliedian raised troops to resist and also sent envoys to surrender to the Western Turkic khan Shaboluo. Bu Shibi held the city and would not advance. An edict ordered Left Garrison Guard general-in-chief Yang Zhou to raise troops and suppress the rebellion. Bu Shibi died of illness; Zhou fought Jieliedian, routed him, captured Jieliedian and his followers and executed them all, and the territory was made the Kucha Protectorate Command. On day wushen, Bu Shibi's son Suoji was installed as king of Kucha and concurrently as protector-commandant.
57
二月，丁巳，上發東都； 甲戌，至京師。
In the second month, on day dingsi, the emperor left the Eastern Capital; on day jiaxu he reached the capital.
58
夏，五月，癸未，徙安西都護府於龜茲，以舊安西夏為西州都督府，鎮高昌故地。
In summer, the fifth month, on day guimwei, the Anxi Protectorate was moved to Kucha; the former Anxi summer headquarters became the Xizhou Protectorate Command, garrisoning the old Gaochang territory.
59
六月，營州都督兼東夷都護程名振、右領軍中郎將薛仁貴將兵攻高麗之赤烽鎮，拔之，斬首四百餘級，捕虜百餘人。 高麗遣其大將豆方婁帥眾三萬拒之，名振以契丹逆擊，大破之，斬首二千五百級。
In the sixth month, Yingzhou protector and concurrent Eastern Yi grand protector Cheng Mingzhen and Right Army Guard mid-ranking general Xue Rengui attacked Goryeo's Chifeng garrison, took it, beheaded more than four hundred, and captured more than a hundred. Goryeo sent its general Dou Fanglou with thirty thousand men to resist; Mingzhen counterattacked with Khitan auxiliaries, routed them, and beheaded twenty-five hundred.
60
秋，八月，甲寅，播羅哀獠酋長多胡桑等帥眾內附。
In autumn, the eighth month, on day jiayin, the Boluo Ai Liao chieftain Duohusang and others led their people to submit to the court.
61
冬，十月，庚申，吐蕃贊普來請婚。
In winter, the tenth month, on day gengshen, the Tibetan tsenpo came to request a marriage alliance.
62
中書令李義府有寵於上，諸子孩抱者並列清貴。 而義府貪冒無厭，母、妻及諸子、女婿，賣官鬻獄，其門如市，多樹朋黨，傾動朝野。 中書令杜正倫每以先進自處，義府恃恩，不為之下，由是有隙，與義府訟於上前。 上以大臣不和，兩責之。 十一月，乙酉，貶正倫橫州刺史，義府普州刺史。 正倫尋卒於橫州。
Chief secretariat counsellor Li Yifu enjoyed the emperor's favor; even his infant sons in arms held exalted offices. Yet Yifu was insatiably greedy: his mother, wife, sons, and sons-in-law sold offices and trafficked in legal judgments; his gate was like a marketplace; he built a wide faction and shook court and countryside. Chief secretariat counsellor Du Zhenglun treated himself as the senior statesman; Yifu relied on imperial favor and would not defer to him; a rift opened, and they quarreled before the emperor. Because the great ministers were at odds, the emperor reproved them both. In the eleventh month, on day yiyou, Zhenglun was demoted to prefect of Hengzhou and Yifu to prefect of Puzhou. Zhenglun soon died at Hengzhou.
63
阿史那賀魯既被擒，謂蕭嗣業曰：「我本亡虜，為先帝所存，先帝遇我厚而我負之，今日之敗，天所怒也。 吾聞中國刑人必於市，願刑我於昭陵之前以謝先帝。」 上聞而憐之。 賀魯至京師，甲午，獻於昭陵。 敕免其死，分其種落為六都督府，其所役屬諸國皆置州府，西盡波斯，並隸安西都護府。 賀魯尋死，葬於頡利墓側。
Ashina Helu, having been captured, said to Xiao Siye, "I was a fugitive whom the late emperor spared; he treated me generously and I betrayed him — today's defeat is heaven's anger. I have heard that in China criminals are executed in the market; I ask to be executed before Zhaoling to atone to the late emperor." When the emperor heard this he pitied him. Helu reached the capital; on day jiawu he was presented at Zhaoling. An edict spared his life; his tribes were divided into six protector-commandant prefectures; all subject states under his rule were given prefectures and districts; west as far as Persia, all were placed under the Anxi Protectorate. Helu soon died and was buried beside Jieli's tomb.
64
戊戌，以許敬宗為中書令，大理卿辛茂將為兼侍中。
On day wuxu, Xu Jingzong was made chief secretariat counsellor and Grand Court of Justice chief Xin Maochan was made concurrent vice-head of the Secretariat.
65
開府儀同三司鄂忠武公尉遲敬德薨。 敬德晚年閒居，學延年術，修飾池台，奏清商樂以自奉養，不交通賓客，凡十六年。 年七十四，以病終，朝廷恩禮甚厚。
Minister of state with the rites of the equal third rank, Duke of E and Loyal Martial Yuchi Jingde, died. In his later years Jingde lived in retirement, studied longevity arts, adorned his pools and terraces, played qingshang music for his own pleasure, and did not receive guests — for sixteen years in all. He died of illness at seventy-four, and the court's honors and rites were exceedingly generous.
66
是歲，愛州刺史褚遂良卒。
That year, Ai prefecture prefect Chu Suiliang died.
67
雍州司士許禕與來濟善，侍御史張倫與李義府有怨，吏部尚書唐臨奏以禕為江南道巡察使，倫為劍南道巡察使。 是時義府雖在外，皇后常保護之。 以臨為挾私選授。
Yongzhou judicial officer Xu Yi was friendly with Lai Ji; investigating censor Zhang Lun bore a grudge against Li Yifu; Ministry of Personnel director Tang Lin memorialized to make Yi inspector of the Jiangnan circuit and Lun inspector of the Jiannan circuit. Though Yifu was in exile, the empress constantly shielded him. Tang Lin was charged with making partisan appointments out of private favor.
68
春，二月，乙丑，免臨官。
In spring, the second month, on day yichou, Tang Lin was dismissed from office.
69
三月，壬午，西突厥興昔亡可汗與真珠葉護戰於雙河，斬真珠葉護。
In the third month, on day renwu, the Western Turkic khan Reviving the Past fought Pearl Protector Zhenzhu at Shuanghe and beheaded him.
70
夏，四月，丙辰，以於志寧為太子太師、同中書門下三品； 乙丑，以黃門侍郎許圉師參知政事。
In summer, the fourth month, on day bingchen, Yu Zhining was made grand tutor of the heir apparent and fellow of the Secretariat with the third rank; on day yichou, Huangmen vice minister Xu Yuanshi was made participant in governance.
71
武后以太尉趙公長孫無忌受重賜而不助己，深怨之。 及議廢王后，燕公於志寧中立不言，武后亦不悅。 許敬宗屢以利害說無忌，無忌每面折之，敬宗亦怨。 武后既立，無忌內不自安，后令敬宗伺其隙而陷之。
Empress Wu deeply resented Grand Mentor Zhao Duke Zhangsun Wuji because, though he had received heavy rewards, he had not helped her. When the court debated deposing the former empress, Yan Duke Yu Zhining had stood neutral and said nothing, and the empress was displeased with him as well. Xu Jingzong repeatedly argued the stakes to Wuji; Wuji rebuked him to his face each time, and Jingzong bore a grudge as well. Once Wu was established as empress, Wuji was uneasy within; the empress ordered Jingzong to watch for an opening and entrap him.
72
會洛陽人李奉節告太子洗馬韋季方、監察御史李巢朋黨事，敕敬宗與辛茂將鞫之。 敬宗按之急，季方自刺，不死，敬宗因誣奏季方欲與無忌構陷忠臣近戚，使權歸無忌，伺隙謀反，今事覺，故自殺。 上驚曰：「豈有此邪！ 舅為小人所間，小生疑阻則有之，何至於反！」 敬宗曰：「臣始末推究，反狀已露，陛下猶以為疑，恐非社稷之福。」 上泣曰「我家不幸，親戚間屢有異志，往年高陽公主與房遺愛謀反，今元舅復然，使朕慚見天下之人。 茲事若實，如之何？」 對曰：「遺愛乳臭兒，與一女子謀反，勢何所成！ 無忌與先帝謀取天下，天下服其智； 為宰相三十年，天下畏其威； 若一旦竊發，陛下遣誰當之？ 今賴宗廟之靈，皇天疾惡，因按小事，乃得大奸，實天下之慶也。 臣竊恐無忌知季方自刺，窘急發謀，攘袂一呼，同惡雲集，必為宗廟之憂。 臣昔見宇文化及父述為煬帝所親任，結以昏煙，委以朝政； 述卒，化及復典禁兵，一夕於江都作亂，先殺不附己者，臣家亦豫其禍，於是大臣蘇威、裴矩之徒，皆舞蹈馬首，唯恐不及，黎明遂傾隋室。 前事不遠，願陛下速決之！」 上命敬宗更加審察。 明日，敬宗復奏曰：「去夜季方已承與無忌同反，臣又問季方：『無忌與國至親，累朝寵任，何恨而反？』 季方答云：『韓瑗嘗語無忌云：「柳奭、褚遂良勸公立梁王為太子，今梁王既廢，上亦疑公，故出高履行於外。」 自此無忌憂恐，漸為自安之計。 後見長孫祥又出，韓瑗得罪，日夜與季方等謀反。』 臣參驗辭狀，鹹相符合，請收捕准法。」 上又泣曰：「舅若果爾，朕決不忍殺之； 若果殺之，天下將謂朕何！ 後世將謂朕何！」 敬宗對曰：「薄昭，漢文帝之舅也，文帝從代來，昭亦有功，所坐止於殺人，文帝遣百官素服哭而殺之，至今天下以文帝為明主。 今無忌忘兩朝之大恩，謀移社稷，其罪與薄昭不可同年而語也。 幸而奸狀自發，逆徒引服，陛下何疑，猶不早決！ 古人有言：『當斷不斷，反受其亂。』 安危之機，間不容髮。 無忌今之奸雄，王莽、司馬懿之流也； 陛下少更遷延，臣恐變生肘腋，悔無及矣！」 上以為然，竟不引問無忌。 戊辰，下詔削無忌太尉及封邑，以為揚州都督，於黔州安置，准一品供給。 祥，無忌之從父兄子也，前此自工部尚書出為荊州長史，故敬宗以此誣之。
A Luoyang man named Li Fengjie reported that heir-apparent study attendant Wei Jifang and investigating censor Li Chao were a faction; the emperor ordered Jingzong and Xin Maochan to interrogate them. Jingzong pressed the inquiry harshly; Jifang stabbed himself but did not die; Jingzong then falsely memorialized that Jifang had plotted with Wuji to frame loyal ministers and imperial kin, concentrate power in Wuji, and watch for a chance to rebel — now the plot was exposed, hence the suicide attempt. The emperor said in alarm, "How can there be such a thing! My uncle-in-law may have been set at odds by petty men; small doubts and hesitations perhaps — how could it come to rebellion!" Jingzong said, "Your servant has traced the matter from start to finish; signs of rebellion already show; yet Your Majesty still doubts — I fear that is no blessing to the altars of state. The emperor wept, "Our house is unlucky; among kin disloyal intent has erupted again and again — years ago Princess Gaoyang and Fang Yi'ai plotted rebellion; now the chief maternal uncle does the same, shaming me before all under heaven. If this affair is real, what can be done?" He replied, "Yi'ai was a suckling brat plotting rebellion with a single woman — what force could he muster! Wuji schemed with the late emperor to win the realm; all under heaven bow to his wits; he was chief minister for thirty years; all under heaven fear his might; if he should rise in secret one morning, whom would Your Majesty send to face him? Now, relying on the ancestral temples' spirit and heaven's hatred of evil, through scrutiny of a small matter we have caught a great traitor — truly the realm's rejoicing. Your servant privately fears that if Wuji learns Jifang stabbed himself, he may launch his plot in desperation — shake his sleeves and cry once, and fellow evildoers will gather like clouds, surely a worry for the ancestral altars. Your servant once saw Yuwen Huaji's father Shu favored and entrusted by Emperor Yang, allied by marriage, and entrusted with court governance; when Shu died, Huaji again held the forbidden guards; one night at Jiangdu he rebelled, first killing those who would not follow; your servant's household also suffered in that disaster — then great ministers Su Wei, Pei Ju, and the like all danced at his horse's head, fearing to lag behind; by dawn the Sui house was overturned. The recent precedent is not far — I beg Your Majesty to decide swiftly!" The emperor ordered Jingzong to investigate further. The next day Jingzong memorialized again: "Last night Jifang already confessed conspiracy with Wuji; your servant again asked Jifang, 'Wuji is the state's closest kin, favored through successive reigns — what grudge could move him to rebel? Jifang answered, 'Han Yuan once said to Wuji, "Liu Shi and Chu Suiliang urged you to install Prince Liang as heir; now Prince Liang is deposed and the emperor also suspects you, hence Gao Lixing was sent out." From this Wuji grew fearful and anxious and gradually made plans to secure himself. Later he saw Zhangsun Xiang also sent out and Han Yuan punished — day and night he plotted rebellion with Jifang and others.' Your servant cross-checked the testimony and statements and found them all consistent; I request arrest according to law.' The emperor again wept, "If my uncle-in-law is truly so, I absolutely cannot bear to kill him; if I truly kill him, what will all under heaven say of me! What will posterity say of me!" Jingzong replied, "Bo Zhao was Emperor Wen of Han's uncle; when Wen came from Dai, Zhao also had merit; his offense was only murder; Wen sent the hundred officials in white mourning to weep while executing him — to this day all under heaven deem Wen an enlightened ruler. Now Wuji has forgotten the great grace of two reigns and plotted to shift the altars of state — his crime cannot be mentioned in the same breath as Bo Zhao's. Fortunately the treacherous signs erupted of themselves and the rebels confessed — why does Your Majesty still doubt and not decide early! The ancients have a saying: 'When you should cut but do not cut, you afterward suffer disorder. The pivot between safety and peril allows not a hair's breadth. Wuji is today's arch-villain, of the stripe of Wang Mang and Sima Yi; if Your Majesty delays even slightly, I fear revolt will spring at the elbow and armpit, and regret will come too late!" The emperor thought it reasonable and never summoned Wuji for questioning. On day wuchen, an edict stripped Wuji of grand mentor rank and his fief, made him protector of Yangzhou, settled him at Qian prefecture, and granted him first-rank provisions. Xiang was a son of Wuji's father's elder brother's line; earlier he had gone out from minister of works to long history of Jingzhou — hence Jingzong used this to frame him.
73
敬宗又奏：「無忌謀逆，由褚遂良、柳奭、韓瑗構扇而成； 奭仍潛通宮掖，謀行鴆毒，於志寧亦黨附無忌。」 於是詔追削遂良官爵，除奭、瑗名，免志寧官。 遣使發道次兵援送無忌詣黔州。 無忌子秘書監駙馬都尉沖等皆除名，流嶺表。 遂良子彥甫、彥沖流愛州，於道殺之。 益州長史高履行累貶洪州都督。
“Jingzong further memorialized that Wuji's treason had been fomented by Chu Suiliang, Liu Shi, and Han Yuan; that Shi still secretly communicated with the inner palace and plotted to administer poison, and that Yu Zhining had also clung to Wuji's faction." Edicts then stripped Suiliang retroactively of office and rank, struck Shi and Yuan from the rolls, and dismissed Zhining from office. Envoys were sent to raise troops along the route to escort Wuji to Qian prefecture. Wuji's son Chong, director of the Secretariat and imperial son-in-law, and others were all struck from the rolls and exiled beyond the Ling ranges. Suiliang's sons Yanfu and Yanchong were exiled to Ai prefecture and killed on the road. Former Yizhou chief administrator Gao Lixing was repeatedly demoted to protector of Hongzhou.
74
五月，丙申，兵部尚書任雅相、度支尚書盧承慶並參知政事。 承慶，思道之孫也。
In the fifth month, on day bingchen, Minister of War Ren Yaxiang and Minister of Revenue Lu Chengqing were both made participants in governance. Chengqing was the grandson of Lu Sidao.
75
涼州刺史趙持滿，多力善射，喜任俠，其從母為韓瑗妻，其舅駙馬都尉長孫銓，無忌之族弟也，銓坐無忌，流巂州。 許敬宗恐持滿作難，誣雲無忌同反，驛召至京師，下獄，訊掠備至，終無異辭，曰：「身可殺也，辭不可更！」 吏無如之何，乃代為獄辭結奏。 戊戌，誅之，屍於城西，親戚莫敢視。 友人王方翼歎曰：「欒布哭彭越，義也； 文王葬枯骨，仁也。 下不失義，上不失仁，不亦可乎！」 乃收而葬之。 上聞之，不罪也。 方翼，廢後之從祖兄也。 長孫銓至流所，縣令希旨杖殺之。
Zhao Chiman, governor of Liangzhou, was powerfully built and a fine archer, fond of chivalrous adventure. His aunt was Han Yuan's wife, and his uncle by marriage was Chief Commandant of Escort Changsun Quan, a kinsman of Zhangsun Wuji implicated in Wuji's case and banished to Suizhou. Xu Jingzong, fearing that Chiman might cause trouble, fabricated evidence that he and Wuji had conspired in rebellion. Chiman was summoned posthaste to the capital, thrown into prison, and tortured relentlessly, yet he never changed his story: 'You may kill my body, but you cannot alter my words!' The clerks could do nothing further; they forged a confession for the record and submitted it. On day wùxū he was executed, and his body was left at the city's western gate; not one of his kinsmen dared approach it. His friend Wang Fangyi sighed and said, 'When Luan Bu mourned Peng Yue, he upheld righteousness; when King Wen buried abandoned bones, he showed benevolence. Surely one may honor righteousness below and benevolence above!" He recovered the body and gave it burial. When the emperor heard of this, he did not punish him. Fangyi was a first cousin once removed of the deposed Empress Wang. When Changsun Quan reached his place of exile, the county magistrate, eager to curry favor, had him beaten to death.
76
六月，丁卯，詔改《氏族志》為《姓氏錄》。
In the sixth month, on day dīngmǎo, an edict renamed the Records of Clans the Register of Surnames.
77
初，太宗命高士廉等修《氏族志》，升降去取，時稱允當。 至是，許敬宗等以其書不敘武氏本望，奏請改之，乃命禮部郎中禮志約等比類升降，以後族為第一等，其餘悉以仕唐官品高下為準，凡九等。 於是士卒以軍功致位五品，豫士流，時人謂之「勳格」。
Earlier, Emperor Taizong had commissioned Gao Shilian and others to compile the Records of Clans, ranking and excluding clans in a way then widely praised as fair. Now Xu Jingzong and his allies, noting that the work failed to record the Wu clan's ancestral standing, petitioned for its revision. Li Zhiyue of the Ministry of Rites and others were ordered to re-rank the clans, placing the empress's kin in the first grade and grading all others solely by Tang official rank, in nine tiers. Soldiers who through military merit attained fifth rank were now admitted to the scholar-official class, a practice contemporaries called the 'merit register.'
78
許敬宗議封禪儀，己巳，奏：「請以高祖、太宗俱配昊天上帝，太穆、文德二皇后俱配皇地祇。」 從之。
“Xu Jingzong drafted the rites for the Feng and Shan sacrifices. On day jǐsì he memorialized that Gaozu and Taizong should both be paired with the August Lord on High, and Empresses Taimu and Wende with the August Sovereign of Earth.” The emperor approved.
79
秋，七月，命御史往高州追長孫恩，像州追柳奭，振州追韓瑗，並枷鎖詣京師，仍命州縣簿錄其家。 恩，無忌之族弟也。
In autumn, the seventh month, censors were sent to Gaozhou to seize Changsun En, to Xiangzhou for Liu Shi, and to Zhenzhou for Han Yuan; all were to be shackled and escorted to the capital, while local officials were ordered to register and inventory their households. En was a kinsman of Zhangsun Wuji.
80
壬寅，命李勣、許敬宗、辛茂將與任雅相、盧承慶更共覆按無忌事。 許敬宗又遣中書舍人袁公瑜等詣黔州，再鞫無忌反狀，至則逼無忌令自縊。 詔柳奭、韓瑗所至斬決。 使者殺柳奭於象州。 韓瑗已死，發驗而還。 籍沒三家，近親皆流嶺南為奴婢。 常州刺史長孫祥坐與無忌通書，處絞。 長孫恩流檀州。
On day rényín, Li Jì, Xu Jingzong, Xin Maojiang, Ren Yaxiang, and Lu Chengqing were ordered to reinvestigate the Zhangsun Wuji affair together. Xu Jingzong also sent Palace Draftsman Yuan Gongyu and others to Qianzhou to retry Wuji on treason charges; on arrival they drove him to hang himself. An edict ordered Liu Shi and Han Yuan beheaded wherever they were found. The envoy executed Liu Shi at Xiangzhou. Han Yuan was already dead; the envoy exhumed the body to verify his identity and returned. The property of all three families was confiscated, and their close kin were banished to Lingnan as slaves. Changzhou governor Changsun Xiang was sentenced to strangulation for corresponding with Wuji. Changsun En was banished to Tanzhou.
81
八月，壬子，以普州刺史李義府兼吏部尚書、同中書門下三品。 義府既貴，自言本出趙郡，與諸李敘昭穆； 無賴之徒藉其權勢，拜伏為兄叔者甚眾。 給事中李崇德初與同譜，及義府出為普州，即除之。 義府聞而銜之，及復為相，使人誣構其罪，下獄，自殺。
In the eighth month, on day rénzǐ, Puzhou governor Li Yifu was made concurrent Minister of the Civil Service and Grand Counselor of the Secretariat and Chancellery. Once elevated, Li Yifu claimed descent from Zhao commandery and began arranging kinship seniority with various Li clans; and countless ruffians who traded on his influence bowed before him as elder brother or uncle. Palace Attendant Li Chongde had initially been entered on the same genealogy, but as soon as Li Yifu was posted to Puzhou, Chongde struck his name from the register. Li Yifu heard of this and nursed a grudge; when he returned as chief minister, he had men fabricate charges. Chongde was thrown into prison and killed himself.
82
乙卯，長孫氏、柳氏緣無忌、奭貶降者十三人。 高履行貶永州刺史。 於志寧貶榮州刺史，于氏貶者九人。 自是政歸中宮矣。
On day yǐmǎo, thirteen members of the Changsun and Liu clans implicated through Wuji and Liu Shi were further demoted. Gao Lixing was demoted to governor of Yongzhou. Yu Zhining was demoted to governor of Rongzhou; nine members of the Yu clan were demoted in all. From this point, power passed to the empress in the inner palace.
83
九月，詔以石、米、史、大安、小安、曹、拔汗那、北拔汗那、悒怛、疏勒、朱駒半等國置州縣府百二十七。
In the ninth month, an edict established one hundred twenty-seven prefectures, counties, and protectorates across the Western Regions, including Shi, Mi, Da'an, Xiao'an, Cao, Bokhara, North Bokhara, Yidan, Shule, and Zhujuban.
84
冬，十月，丙午，太子加元服，赦天下。 初，太宗疾山東士人自矜門地，昏姻多責資財，命修《氏族志》例降一等； 王妃、主婿皆取勳臣家，不議山東之族。 而魏徵、房玄齡、李勣家皆盛與為昏，常左右之，由是舊望不減，或一姓之中，更分某房某眷，高下懸隔。 李義府為其子求昏不獲，恨之，故以先帝之旨，勸上矯其弊。 壬戌，詔後魏隴西李寶、太原王瓊、滎陽鄭溫、范陽盧子遷、盧渾、盧輔、清河崔宗伯、崔元孫、前燕博陵崔懿、晉趙郡李楷等子孫，不得自為昏姻。 仍定天下嫁女受財之數，毋得受陪門財。 然族望為時俗所尚，終不能禁，或載女竊送夫家，或女老不嫁，終不與異姓為昏。 其衰宗落譜，昭穆所不齒者，往往反自稱禁婚家，益增厚價。
In winter, the tenth month, on day bǐngwǔ, the crown prince came of age, and the emperor proclaimed an amnesty throughout the realm. Earlier, Emperor Taizong had resented eastern gentry who flaunted their pedigree and marriages that demanded heavy bride-prices; he ordered the Records of Clans revised to demote all clans one grade; princesses and imperial sons-in-law were drawn from meritorious ministers' families, with no regard for eastern pedigrees. Yet the houses of Wei Zheng, Fang Xuanling, and Li Jì all prospered through marriage ties with them and often championed their cause, so old prestige never waned; within a single surname, branches and affinal lines were ranked far apart. Li Yifu had sought a marriage alliance for his son and been refused; nursing a grudge, he cited the late emperor's policy and urged the throne to correct the abuse. On day rénxū, an edict forbade the descendants of such eminent northern clans as the Longxi Li, Taiyuan Wang, Xingyang Zheng, Fanyang Lu, Qinghe Cui, Boling Cui, and Zhao Li from intermarrying among themselves. It also capped bride-prices nationwide and forbade the acceptance of gate-companion fees. Yet clan prestige remained fashionable, and the ban could not be enforced: some families secretly sent daughters to grooms' houses by cart, or kept daughters unmarried into old age rather than wed outside the forbidden circle. Declining branches struck from the registers, whom even their own kin disowned, often styled themselves forbidden-marriage houses and only raised their bride-prices still higher.
85
閏月，戊寅，上發京師，令太子監國。 太子思慕不已，上聞之，遽召赴行在。 戊戌，車駕至東都。
In the intercalary month, on day wùyín, the emperor left the capital and entrusted the realm to the crown prince. The crown prince could not cease pining for his father; when the emperor heard of this, he hastily summoned him to join the imperial progress. On day wùxū the imperial procession reached the eastern capital.
86
十一月，丙午，以許圉師為散騎常侍、檢校侍中。
In the eleventh month, on day bǐngwǔ, Xu Yushi was appointed Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and acting Palace Attendant.
87
戊午，侍中兼左庶子辛茂將薨。
On day wùwǔ, Palace Attendant and concurrent Left Guardian of the Heir Xin Maojiang died.
88
思結俟斤都曼帥疏勒、朱俱波、謁般陀三國反，擊破于闐。 癸亥，以左驍衛大將軍蘇定方為安撫大使以討之。
Duduman, chieftain of the Sijie, led Shule, Zhujubo, and Yebantuo in revolt and defeated Khotan. On day guǐhài, Left General of the Valiant Cavalry Su Dingfang was appointed Pacification Commissioner to suppress the rebellion.
89
以盧承慶同中書門下三品。
Lu Chengqing was made Grand Counselor of the Secretariat and Chancellery.
90
右領軍中郎將薛仁貴等與高麗將溫沙門戰於橫山，破之。
Right Central Commander of the Palace Guards Xue Rengui and others defeated the Goguryeo general Wenshamen at Hengshan.
91
蘇定方軍至業葉水，思結保馬頭川。 定方選精兵萬人、騎三千匹馳往襲之，一日一夜行三百里，詰旦，至城下，都曼大驚。 戰於城外，都曼敗，退保其城。 及暮，諸軍繼至，遂圍之，都曼懼而出降。
Su Dingfang's army reached the Yeyeh River, where the Sijie held Matou Ford. Dingfang chose ten thousand elite troops and three thousand cavalry and raced to strike them, covering three hundred li in a day and a night; at daybreak they reached the city walls, and Duduman was thrown into panic. They fought outside the walls; Duduman was defeated and retreated to hold his city. By evening the main army had arrived and surrounded the city; Duduman, terrified, came out and surrendered.
92
春，正月，定方獻俘於乾陽殿。 法司請誅都曼，定方請曰：「臣許以不死，故都曼出降，願丐其餘生。」 上曰：「朕屈法以全卿之信。」 乃免之。
In spring, the first month, Dingfang presented his captives at the Qianyang Hall. The judicial authorities asked that Duduman be executed. Dingfang petitioned: 'I had promised him his life, which is why he surrendered; I beg that he be spared.' The emperor said, 'I will bend the law to honor your pledge.' He then spared Duduman's life.
93
甲子，上發東都； 二月，辛巳，至并州。 三月，丙午，皇后宴親戚故舊鄰里於朝堂，婦人於內殿，班賜有差。 詔：「并州婦人年八十以上，綿版授郡君。」
On day jiǎzǐ the emperor left the eastern capital; in the second month, on day xīnsì, he reached Bingzhou. In the third month, on day bǐngwǔ, the empress feasted kinsmen, old friends, and neighbors in the audience hall and the women in the inner hall, distributing gifts according to rank. “An edict declared that women of Bingzhou aged eighty and above were to receive silk certificates conferring the title of district lady.”4
94
百濟恃高麗之援，數侵新羅； 新羅王春秋上表求救。 辛亥，以左武衛大將軍蘇定方為神丘道行軍大總管，帥左驍衛將軍劉伯英等水陸十萬以伐百濟。 以春秋為嵎夷道行軍總管，將新羅之眾，與之合勢。
Baekje, relying on Goguryeo's backing, repeatedly raided Silla; King Chunqiu of Silla submitted a memorial begging for aid. On day xīnhai, Left General of the Martial Guards Su Dingfang was appointed Grand Commander of the Shenqiu Campaign and led one hundred thousand troops by land and sea under Liu Boying and others to invade Baekje. Chunqiu was made Campaign Commander of the Yuyi Route and led Silla's forces to join the assault.
95
夏，四月，戊寅，上發并州； 癸巳，至東都。 五月，作合璧宮。 壬戌，上幸合璧宮。
In summer, the fourth month, on day wùyín, the emperor left Bingzhou; on day guǐsì he reached the eastern capital. In the fifth month, the Hebi Palace was constructed. On day rénxū the emperor visited the Hebi Palace.
96
戊辰，以定襄都督阿史德樞賓、左武候將軍延陀梯真、居延州都督李合珠並為冷岍道行軍總管，各將所部兵以討叛奚，仍命尚書右丞崔餘慶充使總護三部兵，奚尋遣使降。 更以樞賓等為沙磚道行軍總管，以討契丹，擒契丹松漠都督阿卜固送東都。
On day wùchén, Dingxiang protector Ashide Shubin, Left Martial Guards general Yantuo Tizhen, and Juyan protector Li Hezhu were all appointed Campaign Commanders of the Lengqian Route, each leading his troops against the rebellious Xi, while Vice Minister of the Right Cui Yuqing was commissioned to oversee all three armies. The Xi soon sent envoys to surrender. They were reassigned as Campaign Commanders of the Shazhuan Route to attack the Khitan, capturing Khitan Songmo Protector Abugu and sending him to the eastern capital.
97
六月，庚午朔，日有食之。
In the sixth month, on the first day of the gēngwǔ cycle, there was a solar eclipse.
98
早午，車駕還洛陽宮。
On day zǎowǔ the imperial procession returned to the Luoyang palace.
99
房州刺史梁王忠，年浸長，頗不自安，或私衣婦人服以備刺客； 又數自佔吉凶。 或告其事，秋，七月，乙巳，廢忠為庶人，徙黔州，囚於承乾故宅。
Prince of Liang Zhong, governor of Fangzhou, grew more anxious as the years passed and sometimes wore women's clothing in secret, hoping to evade assassins; and repeatedly divined his own fortune. When word of this reached the court, in autumn, the seventh month, on day yǐsì, Zhong was deposed to commoner status, banished to Qianzhou, and imprisoned in the former residence of Chengqian.
100
丁卯，度支尚書、同中書門下三品盧承慶坐科調失所免官。
On day dīngmǎo, Minister of Revenue and Grand Counselor Lu Chengqing was dismissed for mishandling tax assessments and allocations.
101
八月，吐蕃祿東贊遣其子起政將兵擊吐谷渾，以吐谷渾內附故也。
In the eighth month, Tibet's Gar Tongtsen sent his son Qizheng to lead troops against the Tuyuhun, who had submitted to Tang.
102
蘇定方引軍自成山濟海，百濟據熊津江口以拒之。 定方進擊破之，百濟死者數千人，餘皆潰走。 定方水陸齊進，直趣其都城。 未至二十餘里，百濟傾國來戰，大破之，殺萬餘人，追奔，入其郭。 百濟王義慈及太子隆逃於北境，定方進圍其城； 義慈次子泰自立為王，帥眾固守。 隆子文思曰：「王與太子皆在，而叔遽擁兵自王，借使能卻唐兵，我父子必不全矣。」 遂師左右逾城來降，百姓皆從之，泰不能止。 定方命軍士登城立幟，泰窘迫，開門請命。 於是義慈、隆及諸城主皆降。 百濟故有五部，分統三十七郡、二百城、七十六萬戶，詔以其地置熊津等五都督府，以其酋長為都督、刺史。
Su Dingfang led his army from Chenshan across the sea, while Baekje held the mouth of the Ungjin River to block him. Dingfang pressed the attack and routed them; several thousand Baekje soldiers fell, and the rest fled in disorder. Dingfang advanced by land and sea in concert, striking straight for the Baekje capital. Within twenty li of the capital, Baekje mustered its full strength to give battle; Dingfang routed them, killing more than ten thousand, pursued the fugitives, and stormed the outer walls. King Yici of Baekje and Crown Prince Long fled to the northern marches while Dingfang pressed the siege; Yici's second son Tai declared himself king and led the defenders in a stubborn stand. Long's son Wensi said, 'The king and crown prince are still alive, yet my uncle has seized the army and crowned himself; even if he could drive back the Tang forces, my father and I would not survive.' He led his men over the wall to surrender, and the populace followed; Tai could not hold them back. Dingfang ordered his soldiers onto the walls to raise banners; cornered, Tai opened the gates and begged for mercy. Thereupon Yici, Long, and all the city lords surrendered. Baekje had formerly comprised five divisions ruling thirty-seven commanderies, two hundred cities, and seven hundred sixty thousand households. An edict established five protectorates, including Ungjin, appointing local chieftains as protectors and prefects.
103
壬午，左武衛大將軍鄭仁泰將兵討思結、拔也固、僕骨、同羅四部，三戰皆捷，追奔百餘里，斬其酋長而還。
On day rénwǔ, Left General of the Martial Guards Zheng Rentai led troops against the Sijie, Bayegu, Pugu, and Tongluo tribes; victorious in three battles, he pursued the fugitives over a hundred li, beheaded their chieftains, and returned.
104
冬，十月，上初苦鳳眩頭重，目不能視，百司奏事，上或使皇后決之。 後性明敏，涉獵文史，處事皆稱旨。 由是始委以政事，權與人主侔矣。
In winter, the tenth month, the emperor was first stricken with vertigo, a heavy head, and failing sight; when officials submitted memorials, he sometimes had the empress decide them. The empress was keen-witted, well versed in literature and history, and in every matter she handled met the emperor's intent. From then on he entrusted her with government, and her authority rivaled the emperor's own.
105
十一月，戊戌朔，上御則天門樓，受百濟俘，自其王義慈以下皆釋之。 蘇定方前後滅三國，皆生擒其主。 赦天下。
In the eleventh month, on the new moon of day wùxū, the emperor mounted the Zetian Gate tower to receive the Baekje captives and released them all, from King Yici downward. Su Dingfang had in succession destroyed three kingdoms, each time capturing their rulers alive. A general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
106
甲寅，上幸許州。 十二月，辛未，畋於長社。 己卯，還東都。
On day jiǎyín, the emperor visited Xuzhou. In the twelfth month, on day xīnwèi, he hunted at Changshe. On day jǐmǎo, he returned to the eastern capital.
107
壬午，以左驍衛大將軍契苾何力為浿江道行軍大總管，左武衛大將軍蘇定方為遼東道行軍大總管，左驍衛將軍劉伯英為平壤道行軍大總管，蒲州刺史程名振為鏤方道總管，將兵分道擊高麗。 青州刺史劉仁軌坐督海運覆船，以白衣從軍自效。
On day rénwǔ, Qibi Heli, Left General of the Valiant Cavalry Guards, was appointed Grand Commander of the Peijiang Route; Su Dingfang, Left General of the Martial Guards, Grand Commander of the Liaodong Route; Liu Boying, Left General of the Valiant Cavalry Guards, Grand Commander of the Pyongyang Route; and Cheng Mingzhen, prefect of Puzhou, commander of the Roufang Route — each leading forces by separate routes against Goguryeo. Liu Rengui, prefect of Qingzhou, was demoted after ships were lost under his supervision of sea transport; he entered the army as a common soldier to redeem himself.
108
春，正月，乙卯，募河南北、淮南六十七州兵，得四萬四千餘人，詣平壤、鏤方行營。 戊午，以鴻臚卿蕭嗣業為夫餘道行軍總管，帥回紇等諸部兵詣平壤。
In spring, the first month, on day yǐmǎo, troops were levied from sixty-seven prefectures north and south of the Yellow River and in Huainan, raising more than forty-four thousand men who marched to the Pyongyang and Roufang field camps. On day wùwǔ, Master of Ceremonies Xiao Siye was appointed commander of the Fuyu Route and led Uyghur and allied tribal forces to Pyongyang.
109
二月，乙未晦，改元。
In the second month, on the last day, yǐwèi, the reign era was changed.
110
三月，丙申朔，上與群臣及外夷宴於洛城門，觀屯營新教之舞，謂之《一戎大定樂》。 時上欲親征高麗，以象用武之勢也。
In the third month, on the new moon of day bǐngshēn, the emperor feasted with ministers and foreign envoys at the Luocheng Gate, watching a newly taught garrison dance called the Music of One Campaign's Great Settlement. The emperor then wished to lead a personal campaign against Goguryeo, symbolizing the momentum of war.
111
初，蘇定方即平百濟，留郎將劉仁願鎮守百濟府城，又以左衛中郎將王文度為熊津都督，撫其餘眾。 文度濟海而卒，百濟僧道琛、故將福信聚眾據周留城，迎故王子豐於倭國而立之，引兵圍仁願於府城。 詔起劉仁軌檢校帶方州刺史，將王文度之眾，便道發新羅兵以救仁願。 仁軌喜曰：「天將富貴此翁矣！」 於州司請《唐歷》及廟諱以行，曰：「吾欲掃平東夷，頒大唐正朔於海表！」 仁軌御軍嚴整，轉斗而前，所向皆下。 百濟立兩柵於熊津江口，仁軌與新羅兵合擊，破之，殺溺死者萬餘人。 道琛等乃釋府城之圍，退保任存城； 新羅糧盡，引還。 道琛自稱領軍將軍，福信自稱霜岑將軍，招集徒眾，其勢益張。 仁軌眾少，與仁願合軍，休息士卒。 上表詔新羅出兵，新羅王春秋奉詔，遣其將金欽將兵救仁軌等，至古泗，福信邀擊，敗之。 欽自葛嶺道遁還新羅，不敢復出。 福信尋殺道琛，專總國兵。
When Su Dingfang had just pacified Baekje, he left General Liu Renyuan to garrison the prefectural capital and appointed Wang Wendu, central commander of the Left Guard, protector-general of Ungjin to pacify the remaining population. Wendu crossed the sea and died. The Baekje monk Dochan and the former general Boksin rallied forces, seized Zhouliu, brought back the former prince Feng from Japan to crown him king, and besieged Renyuan in the prefectural capital. An edict recalled Liu Rengui as acting prefect of Daifang to take Wendu's troops and dispatch Silla forces by the nearest route to relieve Renyuan. Rengui said delightedly, 'Heaven is about to enrich and ennoble this old man!' He asked the prefectural office for the Tang calendar and imperial taboo names to take with him, saying, 'I mean to sweep the eastern lands clean and proclaim the Great Tang calendar across the seas!' Rengui commanded the army with iron discipline, fighting his way forward; wherever he turned, the enemy fell. Baekje erected two palisades at the Ungjin River mouth; Rengui and the Silla forces attacked together, broke them, and killed or drowned more than ten thousand. Dochan and his allies then lifted the siege of the prefectural capital and withdrew to Imjon; Silla's provisions ran out, and they withdrew. Dochan styled himself General Who Leads the Army and Boksin General of Frost Ridge; as they gathered followers, their power swelled. Rengui's forces were few; he united with Renyuan and gave the troops rest. He memorialized the throne to order Silla troops; King Chunqiu of Silla obeyed and sent General Jin Qin to relieve Rengui; at Gusi, Boksin ambushed and routed them. Qin fled back to Silla by the Gel Ridge route and dared not venture out again. Soon afterward Boksin killed Dochan and took sole command of Baekje's armies.
112
夏，四月，丁卯，上幸合璧宮。
In summer, the fourth month, on day dīngmǎo, the emperor visited the Hebi Palace.
113
庚辰，以任雅相為浿江道行軍總管，契苾何力為遼東道行軍總管，蘇定方為平壤道行軍總管，與蕭嗣業及諸胡兵凡三十五軍，水陸分道並進。 上欲自將大軍繼之； 癸巳，皇后抗表諫親征高麗； 詔從之。
On day gēngchén, Ren Yaxiang was appointed commander of the Peijiang Route, Qibi Heli of the Liaodong Route, and Su Dingfang of the Pyongyang Route; with Xiao Siye and the frontier armies they mustered thirty-five corps, advancing by land and sea on converging routes. The emperor wished to lead the main army in person to follow; On day guǐsì, the empress submitted a forthright memorial urging him not to campaign against Goguryeo in person; An edict accepted her counsel.
114
六月，癸未，以吐火羅、厭噠、罽賓、波斯等十六國置都督府八，州七十六，縣一百一十，軍府一百二十六，並隸安西都護府。
In the sixth month, on day guǐwèi, eight protectorates, seventy-six prefectures, one hundred ten counties, and one hundred twenty-six military commissions were established over sixteen states including Tuhuoluo, Yanda, Jibin, and Persia, all subordinate to the Protectorate-General of the Pacified West.
115
秋，七月，甲戌，蘇定方破高麗於浿江，屢戰皆捷，遂圍平壤城。
In autumn, the seventh month, on day jiǎxū, Su Dingfang defeated Goguryeo at the Pei River; victorious in battle after battle, he besieged Pyongyang.
116
九月，癸巳朔，特進新羅王春秋卒； 以其子法敏為樂浪郡王、新羅王。
In the ninth month, on the new moon of day guǐsì, King Chunqiu of Silla, holder of the specially advanced rank, died; His son Famin was made Prince of Lelang and King of Silla.
117
壬子，徙潞王賢為沛王。 賢聞王勃善屬文，召為修撰。 勃，通之孫也。 時諸王鬥雞，勃戲為《檄周王雞文》。 上見之，怒曰：「此乃交構之漸。」 斥勃出沛府。
On day rénzǐ, Prince Xian of Lu was reassigned as Prince of Pei. Hearing that Wang Bo was skilled at composition, Xian summoned him as a literary compiler. Bo was the grandson of Wang Tong. The princes were then cockfighting, and Bo in jest composed a Proclamation Against the Zhou Prince's Cock. When the emperor saw it, he said angrily, 'This is the first step toward sowing discord among brothers.' He expelled Bo from the household of the Prince of Pei.
118
高麗蓋蘇文遣其子男生以精兵數萬守鴨綠水，諸軍不得渡。 契苾何力至，值冰大合，何力引眾乘冰渡水，鼓噪而進，高麗大潰，追奔數十里，斬首三萬級，餘眾悉降，男生僅以身免。 會有詔班師，乃還。
Yeon Gaesomun of Goguryeo sent his son Namsaeng with tens of thousands of elite troops to hold the Yalu, and the Tang armies could not cross. When Qibi Heli arrived, the river had frozen solid; he led his men across on the ice, advancing with drums and war cries. Goguryeo collapsed; the Tang forces pursued for tens of li, took thirty thousand heads, and the rest surrendered; Namsaeng barely escaped alive. An edict then arrived ordering withdrawal, and they returned.
119
冬，十月，丁卯，上畋於陸渾； 戊申，又畋於非山； 癸酉，還宮。
In winter, the tenth month, on day dīngmǎo, the emperor hunted at Luhun; On day wùshēn, he hunted again at Fei Mountain; On day guǐyǒu, he returned to the palace.
120
回紇酋長婆閏卒，侄比粟毒代領其眾，與同羅、僕固犯邊，詔左武衛大將軍鄭仁泰為鐵勒道行軍大總管，燕然都護劉審禮、左武衛將軍薛仁貴為副，鴻臚卿蕭嗣業為仙萼道行軍總管，右屯衛將軍孫仁師為副，將兵討之。 審禮，德威之子也。
The Uyghur chieftain Polun died; his nephew Bisudu took command and, with the Tongluo and Pugu tribes, raided the frontier. Zheng Rentai, Left General of the Martial Guards, was appointed Grand Commander of the Tiele Route, with Liu Shenli, Protector of Yanran, and Xue Rengui as deputies; Xiao Siye was made commander of the Xian'e Route, with Sun Renshi as deputy, to lead troops against them. Shenli was the son of Liu Dewei.
121
春，正月，辛亥，立波斯都督卑路斯為波斯王。 二月，甲子，改百官名：以門下省為東台，中書省為西台，尚書省為中台； 侍中為左相，中書令為右相，僕射為匡政，左、右丞為肅機，尚書為太常伯，侍郎為少常伯； 其餘二十四司、御史台、九寺、七監、十六衛，並以義訓更其名，而職任如故。
In spring, the first month, on day xīnhai, Peroz, protector of Persia, was enthroned as King of Persia. In the second month, on day jiǎzǐ, official titles were changed: the Chancellery became the Eastern Terrace, the Secretariat the Western Terrace, and the Department of State Affairs the Central Terrace; the Attendant-in-Ordinary became Left Chancellor, the Secretariat Director Right Chancellor, the Vice Director Rectifier of Governance, the Left and Right Assistants Respectful Engines, the Director Grand Constant Lord, and the Vice Director Lesser Constant Lord; The remaining twenty-four ministries, the Censorate, the nine courts, the seven directorates, and the sixteen guards likewise received new names drawn from moral glosses, though their duties remained unchanged.
122
甲戌，浿江道大總管任雅相薨於軍。 雅相為將，未嘗奏親戚故吏從軍，皆移所司補授，謂人曰：「官無大小，皆國家公器，豈可苟便其私！」 由是軍中賞罰皆平，人服其公。
On day jiǎxū, Ren Yaxiang, Grand Commander of the Peijiang Route, died in camp. As a commander, Yaxiang never sought army posts for relatives or old associates, always referring them to the proper offices for regular appointment. He told others, 'Every office, high or low, is the state's public trust — how can one casually serve private ends!' From then on, rewards and punishments in the army were even-handed, and the troops respected his integrity.
123
戊寅，左驍衛將軍白州刺史沃沮道總管龐孝泰，與高麗戰於蛇水之上，軍敗，與其子十三人皆戰死。 蘇定方圍平壤久不下，會大雪，解圍而還。
On day wùyín, Pang Xiaotai, Left General of the Valiant Cavalry Guards, prefect of Baizhou and commander of the Woju Route, fought Goguryeo on the She River; defeated, he and his thirteen sons all fell in battle. Su Dingfang besieged Pyongyang for a long time without success; when heavy snow fell, he lifted the siege and withdrew.
124
三月，鄭仁泰等敗鐵勒於天山。
In the third month, Zheng Rentai and his colleagues defeated the Tiele at Heavenly Mountain.
125
鐵勒九姓聞唐兵將至，合眾十餘萬以拒之，選驍健者數十人挑戰。 薛仁貴發三矢，殺三人，餘皆下馬請降。 仁貴悉坑之，度磧北，擊其餘眾，獲葉護兄弟三人而還。 軍中歌之曰：「將軍三箭定天山，壯士長歌入漢關。」
The nine Tiele clans, hearing that Tang forces were approaching, mustered more than a hundred thousand men to resist and sent several dozen champions to challenge. Xue Rengui loosed three arrows and killed three men; the rest dismounted and surrendered at once. Rengui had them all buried alive, crossed north of the desert, struck the remaining tribes, captured three brothers of the yabghu chieftain, and returned. The army sang of him: 'The general's three arrows settled Heavenly Mountain; the warrior sings his way home through the Han passes.'5
126
思結、多濫葛等部落先保天山，聞仁泰等將至，皆迎降； 仁泰等縱兵擊之，掠其家以賞軍士。 虜相帥遠遁，將軍楊志追之，為虜所敗。 候騎告仁泰：「虜輜重在近，往可取也。」 仁泰將輕騎萬四千，倍道赴之，遂逾大磧，至仙萼河，不見虜，糧盡而還。 值大雪，士卒饑凍，棄捐甲兵，殺馬食之，馬盡，人自相食，比入塞，餘兵才八百人。
The Sijie, Dolange, and other tribes had earlier held Heavenly Mountain; hearing that Rentai was approaching, they all came out to surrender; Rentai and his men then attacked them anyway, plundered their homes, and used the loot to reward the troops. The tribes fled in succession; General Yang Zhi pursued and was routed. Scouts reported to Rentai, 'The enemy baggage train is near; go and you can seize it.' Rentai led fourteen thousand light horsemen in forced march, crossed the great desert to the Xian'e River, found no enemy, and turned back when provisions ran out. Heavy snow fell; the troops starved and froze, cast away arms and armor, killed their horses for food, and when the horses were gone turned to cannibalism; by the time they reached the frontier passes, only eight hundred men remained.
127
軍還，司憲大夫楊德裔劾奏：「仁泰等誅殺已降，使虜逃散，不撫士卒，不計資糧，遂使骸骨蔽野，棄甲資寇。 自聖朝開創以來，未有如今日之喪敗者。 仁貴於所監臨，貪淫自恣，雖矜所得，不補所喪。 並請付法司推科。」 詔以功贖罪，皆釋之。
“When the army returned, Minister of Justice Yang Deyi impeached them, saying that Rentai and his colleagues had slaughtered men who had already surrendered, driving the tribes to scatter; they had neglected the troops and provisions, leaving bones to cover the wilderness and armor abandoned to arm the enemy. Since the dynasty's founding, there had never been a defeat as disastrous as this. Rengui, in the territory under his command, had been greedy and licentious; though he boasted of his gains, they did not offset the losses. He asked that all be handed over to the judicial offices for investigation and sentencing." An edict allowed their merits to redeem their crimes, and all were released.
128
以右驍衛大將軍契苾何力為鐵勒道安撫使，左衛將軍-{姜}-恪副之，以安輯其餘眾。 何力簡精騎五百，馳入九姓中，虜大驚，何力乃謂曰：「國家知汝皆脅從，赦汝之罪，罪在酋長，得之則已。」 其部落大喜，共執其葉護及設、特勒等二百餘人以授何力，何力數其罪而斬之，九姓遂定。
Qibi Heli, Right General of the Valiant Cavalry Guards, was appointed Pacification Commissioner of the Tiele Route, with Jiang Ke of the Left Guard as deputy, to pacify the remaining tribes. Heli chose five hundred elite horsemen and galloped into the nine clans; the tribes were terrified. He told them, 'The state knows you were all compelled to follow; your crimes are forgiven — guilt lies with the chieftains alone; deliver them and that is enough.' The tribes rejoiced, seized their yabghu, she, tele, and more than two hundred others, and handed them to Heli; he recounted their crimes and executed them, and the nine clans were pacified.
129
甲午，車駕發東都； 辛亥，幸蒲州； 夏，四月，庚申朔，至京師。
On day jiǎwǔ, the imperial procession departed the eastern capital; On day xīnhai, he visited Puzhou; In summer, the fourth month, on the new moon of day gēngshēn, he reached the capital.
130
辛巳，作蓬萊宮。
On day xīnsì, construction of the Penglai Palace began.
131
五月，丙申，以許圉師為左相。
In the fifth month, on day bǐngshēn, Xu Yushi was appointed Left Chancellor.
132
六月，乙丑，初令僧、尼、道士、女官致敬父母。
In the sixth month, on day yǐchǒu, monks, nuns, Daoist priests, and female officials were for the first time required to pay respects to their parents.
133
秋，七月，戊子朔，赦天下。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the new moon of day wùzǐ, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
134
丁巳，熊津都督劉仁願、帶方州刺史劉仁軌大破百濟於熊津之東，拔真峴城。
On day dīngsì, Liu Renyuan, protector-general of Ungjin, and Liu Rengui, prefect of Daifang, routed Baekje east of Ungjin and took Jinxian.
135
初，仁願、仁軌等屯熊津城，上與之敕書，以「平壤軍回，一城不可獨固，宜拔就新羅。 若金法敏借卿留鎮，宜且停彼； 若其不須，即宜泛海還也。」 將士鹹欲西歸。 仁軌曰：「人臣徇公家之利，有死無貳，豈得先念其私！ 主上欲滅高麗，故先誅百濟，留兵守之，制其心腹； 雖餘寇充斥而守備甚嚴，宜□厲兵秣馬，擊其不意，理無不克。 既捷之後，士卒心安，然後分兵據險，開張形勢，飛表以聞，更求益兵。 朝廷知其有成，必命將出師，聲援才接，凶丑自殲。 非直不棄成功，實亦永清海表。 今平壤之軍既還，熊津又拔，則百濟餘燼，不日更興，高麗逋寇，何時可滅！ 且今以一城之地居敵中央，苟或動足，即為擒虜，縱入新羅，亦為羈客，脫不如意，悔不可追。 況福信凶悖殘虐，君臣猜離，行相屠戮； 正宜堅守觀變，乘便取之，不可動也。」 眾從之。 時百濟王豐與福信等以仁願等孤城無援，遣使謂之曰：「大使等何時西還，當遣相送。」 仁願、仁軌知其無備，忽出擊之，拔其支羅城及尹城、大山、沙井等柵，殺獲甚眾，分兵守之。 福信等以真峴城險要，加兵守之。 仁軌伺其稍懈，引新羅兵夜傅城下，攀草而上，比明，入據其城，遂通新羅運糧之路。 仁願乃奏請益兵，詔發淄、青、萊、海之兵七千人以赴熊津。
Earlier, while Renyuan and Rengui were encamped at Ungjin, the emperor sent an edict: 'The Pyongyang army has withdrawn; one city cannot be held alone — you should withdraw to Silla. If Kim Famin asks you to remain and garrison, you may stay for the time being; if he does not need you, then return across the sea at once.' The officers and soldiers all wished to return home. Rengui said, 'A subject serves the state's interest; he faces death but never disloyalty — how can one put private concerns first! Our lord means to destroy Goguryeo; he first destroyed Baekje and left troops to hold it, controlling its heartland; though rebels still abound and defenses are tight, we ought to □ drill the troops and feed the horses, strike where they do not expect, and we cannot fail to prevail. After victory the troops will be steady; then divide forces to hold the passes, extend our position, send urgent dispatches to the throne, and request reinforcements. Once the court sees we are succeeding, it will surely send generals; as soon as reinforcements arrive, the enemy will be destroyed. We would not merely preserve what we have won; we would truly pacify the eastern seas for good. If the Pyongyang army has withdrawn and we abandon Ungjin too, Baekje's embers will flare up again within days — and when will Goguryeo ever be destroyed! Moreover, holding one city deep in enemy territory, the moment we stir we become captives; even in Silla we would be mere dependents — and if things go wrong, regret will come too late. Moreover, Fuxin is fierce, perverse, and cruel; ruler and ministers are suspicious and estranged and on the verge of slaughtering one another; this is exactly the time to hold firm, watch how things change, and seize the opportunity when it comes — we must not move yet.' The assembly followed his advice. At that time King Feng of Baekje and Fuxin and the others, seeing that Renyuan and his men were isolated without reinforcements, sent envoys saying, 'When will Your Excellencies return west? We shall send you off.' Renyuan and Rengui, knowing the enemy was unprepared, suddenly attacked, capturing Jiluo, Yin, and the stockades of Dashan and Shajing, killing and capturing a great multitude, then dividing their forces to hold these positions. Fuxin and the others reinforced the strategically vital city of Jinsian with additional troops. Rengui waited until they slackened, then led Silla troops by night to the foot of the wall; climbing up through the grass, by dawn they had seized the city and opened the route for Silla grain convoys. Renyuan then memorialized for reinforcements, and an edict ordered seven thousand troops from Zi, Qing, Lai, and Hai to march to Xiongjin.
136
福信專權，與百濟王豐浸相猜忌。 福信稱疾，臥於窟室，欲俟豐問疾而殺之。 豐知之，帥親信襲殺福信，遣使詣高麗、倭國乞師以拒唐兵。
Fuxin monopolized power, and he and King Feng of Baekje grew increasingly suspicious of each other. Fuxin claimed illness and lay in a cave chamber, intending to kill Feng when he came to inquire after his health. Feng learned of this, led his close followers in a surprise attack and killed Fuxin, then sent envoys to Goguryeo and Wa to beg for troops to resist the Tang army.
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