1
資治通鑑第212卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 212
2
卷第二百一十二
Volume Two Hundred Twelve
3
【唐紀二十八】起著雍敦牂，盡旃蒙赤奮若，凡八年。
[Tang Records, Twenty-Eight] spans from the year Zheyong-Dunzhang through Zhanmeng-Chifenruo—a period of eight years.
4
春，正月，辛丑，突厥毘伽可汗來請和； 許之。
In spring, on the first month's xinchou day, the Türk qaghan Bilge came seeking peace; The emperor agreed.
5
廣州吏民為宋璟立遺愛碑。 璟上言：「臣在州無它異跡，今以臣光寵，成彼謅諛； 欲革此風，望自臣始，請敕下禁止。」 上從之。 於是它州皆不敢立。
The officials and commoners of Guangzhou set up a stele praising Song Jing's kindness after he left office. Song Jing memorialized the throne: "I did nothing extraordinary as prefect, yet because of the honor now shown me they have turned to empty praise; if we mean to change this habit, let it start with me—I ask that Your Majesty issue an edict forbidding such monuments." The emperor assented. After that, no other prefecture dared erect one.
6
辛酉，敕禁惡錢，重二銖四分以上乃得行。 斂人間惡錢熔之，更鑄如式錢。 於是京城紛然，賣買殆絕。 宋璟、蘇頲請出太府錢二萬緡置南北方，以平價買百姓不售之物可充官用者，及聽兩京百官豫假俸錢，庶使良錢流布人間； 從之。
On xinyou the court banned debased cash—only coins weighing at least two zhu and four fen could remain in circulation. The government gathered bad coin from the populace, melted it, and recast lawful currency. The capital fell into confusion, and trade all but stopped. Song Jing and Su Ting asked that twenty thousand strings from the Imperial Treasury be set aside in the northern and southern markets to purchase at fair prices unsold goods the people could spare for government use, and that officials in both capitals be allowed to draw their salaries early, so sound coin would flow back into daily use; The emperor approved.
7
二月，戊子，移蔚州橫野軍於山北，屯兵三萬，為九姓之援； 以拔曳固都督頡質略、同羅都督毘伽末啜、□都督比言、回紇都督夷健頡利發、僕固都督曳勒歌等各出騎兵為前、後、左、右軍討擊大使，皆受天兵軍節度。 有所討捕，量宜追集； 無事各歸部落營生，仍常加存撫。
In the second month, on wuzi, the court relocated the Hengye Army from Weizhou to the north side of the mountains and posted thirty thousand men there to back the Nine Surnames; Jiezhilüe, commander-in-chief of the Bayegu; Bigamocho of the Tongluo; Biyan of the Xi; Yijian Jielifa of the Uyghur; and Yilege of the Pugu were each to raise horsemen as punitive commissioners for the front, rear, left, and right wings, all under the Heavenly Troops Army. When campaigns required it, they were to gather as needed; in peacetime each band returned to its pastures, while the court continued to watch over them.
8
三月，乙巳，征嵩山處士盧鴻入見，拜諫議大夫； 鴻固辭。 天兵軍使張嘉貞入朝，有告其在軍奢僭及贓賄者，按驗無狀； 上欲反坐告者，嘉貞奏曰：「今若罪之，恐塞言路，使天下之事無由上達，願特赦之。」 其人遂得減死。 上由是以嘉貞為忠，有大用之意。
In the third month, on yisi, the hermit Lu Hong of Mount Song was called to court and made Remonstrance and Discussion Grand Master; Hong firmly declined the post. Zhang Jiazhen, commissioner of the Heavenly Troops Army, came to court; someone accused him of luxury, overstepping his station, and bribery while in the field, but the inquiry found nothing; the emperor meant to punish the accuser in turn, but Jiazhen said, "If we punish him now, we may choke off honest reports and leave Your Majesty blind to the realm—I ask that he be pardoned." The accuser was spared execution. The emperor then judged Jiazhen loyal and began to think of promoting him to greater office.
9
有薦山人范知璿文學者，並獻其所為文，宋璟判之曰：「觀其《良宰論》，頗涉佞諛。 山人當極言讜議，豈宜偷合苟容！ 文章若高，自宜從選舉求試，不可別奏。」
Someone recommended the recluse Fan Zhiluan for his learning and submitted his writings; Song Jing ruled, "In his 'On the Good Minister' I see more flattery than truth. A man of the hills should speak blunt counsel—he ought not fawn for favor! If his writing is truly fine, let him enter through the regular examinations—not by a special petition."
10
夏，四月，戊子，河南參軍鄭銑、朱陽丞郭仙舟投匭獻詩，敕曰：「觀其文理，乃崇道法； 至於時用，不切事情。 宜各從所好。」 並罷官，度為道士。
In summer, the fourth month, on wuzi, Zheng Xian, a staff officer of Henan, and Guo Xianzhou, assistant magistrate of Zhuyang, dropped poems into the suggestion box; the emperor replied, "Their style shows devotion to the Way; but for practical governance they miss the mark. Let each follow his own bent." Both were removed from office and ordained as Daoist priests.
11
五月，辛亥，以突騎施都督蘇祿為左羽林大將軍、順國公，充金方道經略大使。
In the fifth month, on xinhai, Suolu, commander-in-chief of the Turgesh, was appointed Left General of the Feathered Forest, made Duke of Shunguo, and named commissioner for the Jinfang circuit.
12
契丹王李失活卒，癸巳，以其弟娑固代之。
The Khitan king Li Shihuo died; on guisi his younger brother Suogu took the throne.
13
秋，八月，頒鄉飲酒禮於州縣，令每歲十二月行之。
In autumn, the eighth month, the court extended the village drinking rite to every prefecture and county, to be held each twelfth month.
14
唐初，州縣官俸，皆令富戶掌錢，出息以給之； 息至倍稱，多破產者。 秘書少監崔沔上言，請計州縣官所得俸，於百姓常賦之外，微有所加以給之。 從之。
Early in the Tang, local officials' salaries were funded by wealthy households who held public funds and paid interest on them; interest often doubled the principal, ruining many families. Cui Mian, Assistant Director of the Secretariat, proposed calculating officials' salaries and funding them with a small surcharge beyond the regular tax. The emperor approved.
15
冬，十一月，辛卯，車駕至西京。
In winter, the eleventh month, on xinmao, the emperor reached the Western Capital.
16
戊辰，吐蕃奉表請和，乞舅甥親署誓文，及令彼此宰相皆著名於其上。
On wuchen Tibet petitioned for peace, asking that the emperor and the Tibetan ruler sign the treaty as uncle and nephew and that ministers on both sides add their names.
17
宋璟奏：「括州員外司馬李邕、儀州司馬鄭勉，並有才略文詞，但性多異端，好是非改變； 若全引進，則咎悔必至，若長棄捐，則才用可惜，請除渝、硤二州剌史。」 又奏：「大理卿元行沖素稱才行，初用之時，實允僉議； 當事之後，頗非稱積，請復以為左散騎常侍，以李朝隱代之。 陸象先閒於政體，寬不容非，請以為河南尹。」 從之。
Song Jing reported: "Li Yong, supernumerary aide of Kuozhou, and Zheng Mian, aide of Yizhou, are both gifted in policy and letters, yet they are restless, fond of faction, and prone to overturn settled matters; if we promote them fully, trouble will follow; if we discard them forever, we waste their gifts—appoint them prefects of Yu and Xia instead." He also said: "Yuan Xingchong, Grand Judge of the Court of Judicial Review, has long been praised for ability; at first everyone approved his appointment; in office his record has fallen short—restore him to Left Regular Attendant and let Li Chaoyin take his place as judge. Lu Xiangxian understands governance, is broad-minded and slow to blame—make him Intendant of Henan." The emperor agreed.
18
春，二月，俱密王那羅延、康王烏勒伽、安王篤薩波提皆上表言為大食所侵掠，乞兵救援。
In spring, the second month, King Narayan of Jumi, King Wulejia of Kang, and King Dusaboti of An all petitioned that Arab forces were raiding them and asked for military aid.
19
敕太府及府縣出粟十萬石糶之，以斂人間惡錢，送少府銷毀。
The court ordered the Imperial Granary and local governments to sell one hundred thousand piculs of grain, gather bad coin from the people, and send it to the Palace Workshops to be destroyed.
20
三月，乙卯，以左武衛大將軍、檢校內外閒廄使、苑內營田使王毛仲行太僕卿。 毛仲嚴察有干力，萬騎功臣、閒廄官吏皆憚之，苑內所收常豐溢。 上以為能，故有寵。 雖有外第，常居閒廄側內宅，上或時不見，則悄然若有所失； 宦官楊思勖、高力士皆畏避之。
In the third month, on yimao, Wang Maoqian—Left Martial Guard General, acting commissioner of the inner and outer stud farms, and overseer of park agriculture—was appointed acting Grand Master of the Stud. Maoqian was severe and capable; the Ten Thousand Cavalry veterans and stud officials all feared him, and the imperial parks always yielded a surplus. The emperor took him for able and favored him accordingly. Though he had a house outside the palace, he usually stayed in the inner quarters by the stud; if the emperor went days without seeing him, the emperor grew restless as though something were missing; even the eunuchs Yang Sixun and Gao Lishi kept their distance out of fear.
21
渤海王大祚榮卒； 丙辰，命其子武藝襲位。
Da Zuorong, king of Bohai, died; on bingchen the court recognized his son Wuyi as successor.
22
夏，四月，壬午，開府儀同三司祁公王仁皎薨。 其子駙馬都尉守一請用竇孝諶例，築墳高五丈一尺； 上許之。 宋璟、蘇頲固爭，以為：「准令，一品墳高一丈九尺，其陪陵者高出三丈而已。 竇太尉墳，議者頗譏其高大，當時無人極言其失，豈可今日復踵而為之！ 昔太宗嫁女，資送過於長公主。 魏徵進諫，太宗既用其言，文德皇后亦賞之。 豈若韋庶人崇其父墳，號曰酆陵，以自速其禍乎！ 夫以後父之尊，欲高大其墳，何足為難！ 而臣等再三進言者，蓋欲成中宮之美耳。 況今日所為，當傳無窮，永以為法，可不慎乎！」 上悅曰：「朕每欲正身率下，況於妻子，何敢私之！ 然此乃人所難言，卿能固守典禮，以成朕美，垂法將來，誠所望也。」 賜璟、頲帛四百匹。
In summer, the fourth month, on renwu, Wang Renjiao, Duke of Qi and Grand Master of the Palace with the Honor of the Three Excellencies, died. His son Shouyi, an imperial son-in-law, asked—following the precedent of Dou Xiaochen—to raise a mound fifty-one chi high; the emperor agreed. Song Jing and Su Ting protested firmly: "Statute sets a first-rank tomb at one zhang nine chi; even for those buried near the imperial tombs, three zhang is the limit. Dou the Grand Marshal's mound was already mocked as too tall, and no one then dared speak plainly—how can we repeat that mistake today! When Taizong married off a daughter, her dowry outdid the eldest princess's. Wei Zheng remonstrated; Taizong took his advice, and Empress Wende praised him for it. That was nothing like Consort Wei, who glorified her father's tomb as Fengling and brought ruin on herself! For an empress's father, raising a grand tomb is easy enough! We speak again and again only to preserve the empress's good name. What you do today will become precedent forever—can you not be careful!" The emperor said gladly, "I mean to set an example for the realm—how could I favor my own wife and kin! Yet this is hard counsel to give; that you hold to ritual, complete my reputation, and set a standard for posterity is exactly what I want." He rewarded Jing and Ting with four hundred bolts of silk.
23
五月，乙丑朔，日有食之。 上素服以俟變，徹樂減膳，命中書、門下察系囚，賑饑乏，勸農功。 辛卯，宋璟等奏曰：「陛下勤恤人隱，此誠蒼生之福。 然臣聞日食修德，月食修刑； 親君子，遠小人，絕女謁，除讒慝，所謂修德也。 君子恥言浮於行，苟推至誠以行之，不必數下制書也。」
In the fifth month, on the new moon of yichou, the sun was eclipsed. The emperor wore plain robes, halted music, cut his meals, and ordered the Secretariat and Chancellery to review prisoners, aid the hungry, and promote farming. On xinmao Song Jing and others said, "Your Majesty's care for the people's hardships is a blessing to the realm. Yet we are taught that a solar eclipse calls for cultivating virtue, a lunar eclipse for reforming punishments; drawing near the worthy, keeping petty men at bay, shutting palace women's influence, and rooting out slander—that is true virtue. A gentleman is ashamed when words outrun deeds; act with utmost sincerity, and there is no need for repeated edicts."
24
六月，戊辰，吐蕃復遣使請上親署誓文； 上不許，曰：「昔歲誓約已定，苟信不由衷，亟誓何益！」
In the sixth month, on wuchen, Tibet again asked that the emperor sign the treaty in person; the emperor refused, saying, "Last year's oath is already set; if faith is not sincere, what good is another treaty!"
25
秋，閏七月，右補闕盧履冰上言：「禮，父在為母服週年，則天皇后改服齊衰三年，請復其舊。」 上下其議。 左散騎常侍褚無量以履冰議為是； 諸人爭論，連年不決。 八月，辛卯，敕自今五服並依《喪服傳》文，然士大夫議論猶不息，行之各從其意。 無量歎曰：「聖人豈不知母恩之厚乎？ 厭降之禮，所以明尊卑、異戎狄也。 俗情膚淺，不知聖人之心，一紊其制，誰能正之！」
In autumn, the intercalary seventh month, Lu Lübing, Right Remonstrance and Consultation Official, said, "Ritual requires one year of mourning for a mother while the father lives; Empress Wu extended it to three years—please restore the ancient rule." The court referred the matter for debate. Chu Wuliang, Left Regular Attendant, sided with Lübing; others disputed the point, and for years no settlement was reached. In the eighth month, on xinmao, an edict declared that henceforth all five grades of mourning would follow the Classic of Mourning Dress, yet scholars kept arguing, and in practice each household did as it pleased. Chu Wuliang sighed, "Do the sages not know a mother's love? The rite that lowers mourning for a mother is meant to mark rank and set us apart from barbarians. The vulgar are shallow and miss the sages' intent; once custom is confused, who can restore it!"
26
九月，甲寅，徙宋王憲為寧王。 上嘗從復道中見衛士食畢，棄餘食於竇中，怒，欲杖殺之； 左右莫敢言。 憲從容諫曰：「陛下從復道中窺人過失而殺之，臣恐人人不自安。 且陛下惡棄食於地者，為食可以養人也； 今以餘食殺人，無乃失其本乎！」 上大悟，蹶然起曰：「微兄，幾至濫刑。」 遽釋衛士。 是日，上宴飲極歡，自解紅玉帶，並所乘馬以賜憲。
In the ninth month, on jiayin, Prince Song Xian was renamed Prince of Ning. Once, watching from a covered passage, the emperor saw guards throw leftover food into a drain after their meal; enraged, he meant to beat them to death; no one at his side dared speak. Xian said calmly, "If Your Majesty spies on men's faults from hidden passages and kills them for it, I fear no one will feel safe. Besides, you hate wasted food because food nourishes people; yet now you would kill a man over scraps—have you not lost the point!" The emperor came to himself, rose abruptly, and said, "Without you, brother, I would have committed a grave abuse." He immediately released the guards. That day the emperor feasted in high spirits and gave Xian his own red jade belt and the horse he had ridden.
27
冬，十月，辛卯，上幸驪山溫湯； 癸卯，還宮。
In winter, the tenth month, on xinmao, the emperor went to the hot springs at Mount Li; On guimao he returned to the palace.
28
壬子，冊拜突騎施蘇祿為忠順可汗。
On renzi the emperor invested Sulu of the Turgesh as Loyal and Obedient Qaghan.
29
十一月，壬申，契丹王李娑固與公主入朝。
In the eleventh month, on renshen, Khitan king Li Suogu and the princess presented themselves at court.
30
上以岐山令王仁琛，籓邸故吏，墨敕令與五品官。 宋璟奏：「故舊恩私，則有大例，除官資歷，非無公道。 仁琛向緣舊恩，已獲優改，今若再蒙超獎，遂於諸人不類； 又是後族，須杜輿言。 乞下吏部檢勘，苟無負犯，於格應留，請依資稍優注擬。」 從之。
The emperor had issued an informal ink edict making Wang Renchen, magistrate of Qishan and once a clerk in his princely household, a fifth-rank official. Song Jing memorialized: "There is ample precedent for showing kindness to old friends, yet appointments must still follow rank and seniority—that is what fairness demands. Wang Renchen has already benefited once from past favor; to shower him with another extraordinary promotion would set him apart from everyone else— and as a relative of the empress, we must silence gossip. I ask that the Ministry of Personnel review his record—if it is clean and he qualifies for retention, let him be posted with only a modest advantage in seniority." The emperor assented.
31
選人宋元超於吏部自言侍中璟之叔父，冀得優假。 璟聞之，牒吏部云：「元超，璟之三從叔，常在洛城，不多參見。 既不敢緣尊輒隱，又不願以私害公。 向者無言，自依大例，既有聲聽，事須矯枉； 請放。」 寧王憲奏選人薛嗣先請授微官，事下中書、門下。 璟奏：「嗣先兩選齋郎，雖非灼然應留，以懿親之故，固應微假官資。 在景龍中，常有墨敕處分，謂之斜封。 自大明臨御，茲事杜絕，行一賞，命一官，必是緣功與才，皆歷中書、門下。 至公之道，唯聖能行。 嗣先幸預姻戚，不為屈法，許臣等商量，望付吏部知，不出正敕。」 從之。
At the Ministry of Personnel, examination candidate Song Yuanchao identified himself as Palace Attendant Song Jing's uncle, hoping for special favor. When Jing learned of this, he wrote to the Ministry: "Yuanchao is my third cousin once removed. He has lived in Luoyang for years and I rarely see him. I cannot stay silent out of family rank, but I will not let private ties corrupt public duty either. When no one had heard of his claim, ordinary rules were enough; now that word has spread, we must correct the error— please reject his candidacy." Prince Ning Xian recommended candidate Xue Sixian for a minor post, and the case went to the Secretariat and Chancellery. Song Jing replied: "Sixian twice passed as a libationer. He does not clearly qualify for retention, but as close imperial kin he may deserve modest favor in rank— Under the Jinglong reign, such favors came by ink edict—the so-called 'slant-seal' appointments. Since Your Majesty's accession that route has been shut off—every honor and every post must rest on merit and talent, and every one passes through the Secretariat and Chancellery. Only a sage could uphold such absolute fairness. Sixian is fortunate in his marriage ties; we need not bend the law—let us ministers discuss it and refer the matter to Personnel without a formal patent edict." The emperor agreed.
32
先是，朝集使往往繼貨入京師，及春將還，多遷官； 宋璟奏一切勒還，以革其弊。
Formerly, provincial envoys arriving for the annual assembly often loaded up goods for the capital, and many went home in spring with fresh promotions— Song Jing proposed sending them all home at once to break the habit.
33
是歲，置劍南節度使，領益、彭等二十五州。
That year the court created the Jiannan military commissioner, with authority over Yi, Peng, and twenty-three other prefectures.
34
春，正月，丙辰，左散騎常侍褚無量卒。 辛酉，命右散騎常侍元行沖整比群書。
In spring, the first month, on bingchen, Left Regular Attendant Chu Wuliang died. On xinyou the emperor charged Right Regular Attendant Yuan Xingchong with collating the imperial library.
35
侍中宋璟疾負罪而妄訴不已者，悉付御史台治之。 謂中丞李謹度曰：「服不更訴者出之，尚訴未已者且系。」 由是人多怨者。 會天旱有魃，優人作魃狀戲於上前，問魃：「何為出？」 對曰：「奉相公處分。」 又問：「何故？」 魃曰：「負冤者三百餘人，相公悉以繫獄抑之，故魃不得不出。」 上心以為然。 時璟與中書侍郎、同平章事蘇頲建議嚴禁惡錢，江、淮間惡錢尤甚，璟以監察御史蕭隱之充使括惡錢。 隱之嚴急煩擾，怨嗟盈路，上於是貶隱之官。 辛巳，罷璟為開府儀同三司，頲為禮部尚書。 以京兆尹源乾曜為黃門侍郎，并州長史張嘉貞為中書侍郎，並同平章事。 於是弛錢禁，惡錢復行矣。
Song Jing, weary of guilty men who kept filing baseless appeals, turned them all over to the Censorate. He told Censor-in-Chief Li Jindu: "Release anyone who stops appealing; hold anyone who still will not stop." Resentment spread among many. During a drought a demon was said to appear; performers dressed as it played before the emperor, who asked, "Why have you come out?" The reply: "At the chief minister's command." He asked again, "Why?" The demon said, "Three hundred innocent men sit imprisoned at the chief minister's order—the drought demon had to appear." The emperor found this convincing. At the time Song Jing and Vice Director Su Ting had pushed to ban debased coin, worst of all in the Jiang-Huai region; Jing sent Supervising Censor Xiao Yinzhi to root it out. Yinzhi's campaign was fierce and intrusive; complaints filled the roads, and the emperor demoted him. On xinsi Song Jing was stripped of office and made Grand Master of the Palace with the Honor of the Three Excellencies; Su Ting was made Minister of Rites. Capital Prefect Yuan Gan'yao became Vice Director of the Chancellery and Bingzhou chief administrator Zhang Jiazhen became Vice Director of the Secretariat; both joined the council. The coin ban was lifted, and debased cash flowed again.
36
二月，戊戌，皇子敏卒，追立為懷王，謚曰哀。
In the second month, on wuxu, Prince Min died and was posthumously installed as Prince Huai, posthumous name Ai ("Lamented").
37
壬子，敕以役莫重於軍府，一為衛士，六十乃免，宜促其歲限，使百姓更迭為之。
On renzi an edict noted that guard duty was the heaviest corvée—once drafted into the palace guard a man served until sixty. The term should be shortened so families could rotate the burden.
38
夏，四月，丙午，遣使賜烏長王、骨咄王、俱位王冊命。 三國皆在大食之西，大食慾誘之叛唐，三國不從，故褒之。
In summer, the fourth month, on bingwu, the court sent envoys bearing patents to the kings of Wuchang, Gutu, and Juwei. All three kingdoms lay west of the Arabs; when the Arabs tried to turn them against Tang they refused—hence the imperial reward.
39
五月，辛酉，復置十道按察使。
In the fifth month, on xinyou, the court restored the ten-circuit investigating commissioners.
40
丁卯，以源乾曜為侍中，張嘉貞為中書令。
On dingmao Yuan Gan'yao became Palace Attendant and Zhang Jiazhen became Director of the Secretariat.
41
乾曜上言：「形要之家多任京官，使俊乂之士沉廢於外。 臣三子皆在京，請出其二人。」 上從之。 因下制稱乾曜之公，命文武官效之，於是出者百餘人。
Gan'yao memorialized: "Powerful families crowd the capital with their sons while able men waste away in the provinces. All three of my sons serve in the capital—I ask that two be posted elsewhere." The emperor agreed. An edict commended his public spirit and urged officials to follow suit; more than a hundred sons of officials were reassigned to the provinces.
42
張嘉貞吏事強敏，而剛躁自用。 中書舍人苗延嗣、呂太一、考功員外郎員嘉靜、殿中侍御史崔訓皆嘉貞所引進，常與之議政事。 四人頗招權，時人語曰：「令公四俊，苗、呂、崔、員。」
Zhang Jiazhen was a sharp administrator, but rigid, hot-tempered, and obstinate. Secretariat drafters Miao Yansi and Lü Taiyi, examination director Yuan Jiajing, and palace censor Cui Xun were all his protégés and often debated policy with him. The four wielded considerable influence; people said, "The Minister's four bright stars—Miao, Lü, Cui, and Yuan."
43
六月，瀍、穀漲溢，漂溺幾二千人。
In the sixth month floods on the Chan and Gu rivers drowned nearly two thousand people.
44
突厥降戶僕固都督勺磨及□夾跌部落散居受降城側，朔方大使王晙言其陰引突厥，謀陷軍城，密奏請誅之。 誘勺磨等宴於受降城，伏兵悉殺之，河曲降戶殆盡。 拔曳固、同羅諸部在大同、橫野軍之側者，聞之皆忷懼。 秋，并州長史、天兵節度大使張說引二十騎，持節即其部落慰撫之，因宿其帳下。 副使李憲以虜情難信，馳書止之。 說復書曰：「吾肉非黃羊，必不畏食； 血非野馬，必不畏刺。 士見危致命，此吾效死之秋也。」 拔曳固、同羅由是遂安。
Surrendered Türk households—the Pugu protector Shaomo and Tiele affiliated tribes scattered near Shouxiang City—were accused by Shuofang commissioner Wang Jun of secretly colluding with the Türks to storm the garrison; he secretly asked permission to kill them. He invited Shaomo and the others to a banquet at Shouxiang City and had them killed by ambush; the surrendered tribes along the bend of the Yellow River were almost wiped out. Bayegu, Tongluo, and other tribes camped near Datong and Hengye garrisons were terror-stricken at the news. That autumn Bingzhou chief administrator and Heavenly Troops commissioner Zhang Yue took twenty horsemen with imperial credentials straight to their camps to reassure them—and spent the night in their tents. Deputy commissioner Li Xian thought the tribes could not be trusted and sent an urgent letter ordering him to turn back. Zhang Yue wrote back: "My flesh is not mutton—I am not afraid it will be eaten; my blood is not wild-horse blood—I am not afraid it will be spilled. A gentleman dies when duty calls—this is my moment." Bayegu and Tongluo were reassured.
45
冬，十月，辛巳，上行幸長春宮； 壬午，畋於下邽。
In winter, the tenth month, on xinsi, the emperor went to Changchun Palace; on renwu he hunted at Xia Gui.
46
上禁約諸王，不使與群臣交結。 光祿少卿駙馬都尉裴虛己與岐王范游宴，仍私挾讖緯； 戊子，流虛己於新州，離其公主。 萬年尉劉庭琦、太祝張諤數與范飲酒賦詩，貶庭琦雅州司戶，諤山茌丞。 然待范如故，謂左右曰：「吾兄弟自無間，但趨競之徒強相托附耳。 吾終不以此責兄弟也。」 上嘗不豫，薛王業妃弟內直郎韋賓與殿中監皇甫恂私議休咎； 事覺，賓杖死，恂貶錦州刺史。 業與妃惶懼待罪，上降階執業手曰：「吾若有心猜兄弟者，天地實殛之。」 即與之宴飲，仍慰諭妃，令復位。
The emperor forbade the princes to cultivate ties with court officials. Vice Director of the Imperial Household and imperial son-in-law Pei Xuji caroused with Prince of Qi Fan and privately kept prophetic texts; on wuzi Pei Xuji was exiled to Xin Prefecture and separated from his wife the princess. Wannian assistant magistrate Liu Tingqi and grand supplicator Zhang E had often drunk and written poetry with Fan; Liu was demoted to registrar of Ya Prefecture and Zhang to assistant magistrate of Shanqi. Yet the emperor treated Prince Fan as before, telling attendants, "There is no rift between my brothers—only ambitious men thrust themselves upon us. I will never hold my brothers responsible for that." Once when the emperor was ill, inner attendant Wei Bin—brother of Prince of Xue Ye's consort—and palace director Huangfu Xun privately debated the omen; when this was discovered Wei Bin was beaten to death and Huangfu Xun banished to prefect of Jin Prefecture. Prince Ye and his consort waited in terror for punishment; the emperor came down the steps, took Ye's hand, and said, "If I ever meant to distrust my brothers, let Heaven and Earth strike me dead." Then he feasted with Ye and reassured the princess, restoring her to her seat.
47
十一月，乙卯，上還京師。
In the eleventh month, on yimao, the emperor returned to the capital.
48
辛未，突厥寇甘、涼等州，敗河西節度使楊敬述，掠契苾部落而去。 先是，朔方大總管王晙奏請西發拔悉密，東方奚、契丹，期以今秋掩毘伽牙帳於稽落水上； 毘伽聞之，大懼。 暾欲谷曰：「不足畏也。 拔悉密在北庭，與奚、契丹相去絕遠，勢不相及； 朔方兵計亦不能來此。 必若能來，俟其垂至，徙牙帳北行三日，唐兵食盡自去矣。 且拔悉密輕而好利，得王晙之約，必喜而先至。 晙與張嘉貞不相悅，奏請多不相應，必不敢出兵。 晙兵不出，拔悉密獨至，擊而取之，勢甚易耳。」
On xinwei the Türks raided Gan, Liang, and neighboring prefectures, routed Hexi commissioner Yang Jingshu, looted the Qibi tribes, and withdrew. Earlier Shuofang supreme commander Wang Jun had proposed a joint autumn strike on Bilge's encampment at Jiluo Water—Basmil from the west, Xi and Khitan from the east— when Bilge heard, he was terrified. Tonyukuk said, "There is nothing to fear. The Basmil hold Beiting, far from the Xi and Khitan—they cannot coordinate; and Shuofang's army cannot march this far in any case. If they do come, we need only move the royal camp three days north when they near—they will run out of supplies and leave. Besides, the Basmil are reckless and greedy; once Wang Jun's offer reaches them they will rush ahead eagerly. Jun and Zhang Jiazhen despise each other—their plans never align, so Jun will never dare march. With Jun staying home and the Basmil arriving alone, we can crush them with ease."
49
既而拔悉密果發兵逼突厥牙帳，而朔方及奚、契丹兵不至，拔悉密懼，引退。 毘伽欲擊之，暾欲谷曰：「此屬去家千里，將死戰，未可擊也。 不如以兵躡之。」 去北庭二百里，暾欲谷分兵間道先圍北庭，因縱兵擊拔悉密，大破之。 拔悉密眾潰走，趨北庭，不得入，盡為突厥所虜。
The Basmil soon marched on the Türk royal camp, but Shuofang and the Xi and Khitan never came; frightened, the Basmil pulled back. Bilge wanted to attack, but Tonyukuk said, "They are a thousand li from home and will fight to the death—we should not engage them yet. Better to follow at a distance." Two hundred li from Beiting Tonyukuk split his force, sent a detachment by a hidden route to encircle Beiting, then fell on the Basmil and broke them completely. The Basmil army fled toward Beiting but could not get in and were captured to the last man.
50
暾欲谷引兵還，出赤亭，掠涼州羊馬，楊敬述遣裨將盧公利、判官元澄將兵邀擊之。 暾欲谷謂其眾曰：「吾乘勝而來，敬述出兵，破之必矣。」 公利等至刪丹，與暾欲谷遇，唐兵大敗，公利，澄脫身走。 毘伽由是大振，盡有默啜之眾。
Tonyukuk marched back through Chiting, looting sheep and horses in Liang Prefecture; Yang Jingshu sent brigadier Lu Gongli and aide Yuan Cheng to intercept him. Tonyukuk told his men, "We come fresh from victory—when Jingshu sends troops we are sure to break them." At Shandan Lu Gongli and Yuan Cheng met Tonyukuk; the Tang force was routed and the two commanders fled. Bilge's prestige soared, and he inherited all of Mochuo's following.
51
契丹牙官可突干驍勇得眾心，李娑固猜畏，欲去之。 是歲，可突干舉兵擊娑固，娑固敗奔營州。 營州都督許欽澹遣安東都護薛泰帥驍勇五百與奚王李大酺奉娑固以討之，戰敗，娑固、李大酺皆為可突干所殺，生擒薛泰，營州震恐。 許欽澹移軍入渝關，可突干立娑固從父弟郁干為主，遣使請罪。 上赦可突干之罪，以郁干為松漠都督，以李大酺之弟魯蘇為饒樂都督。
Khitan officer Ketugan was bold and beloved by the tribesmen; Li Suogu feared him and wanted him gone. That year Ketugan rebelled, defeated Suogu, and drove him to flee to Ying Prefecture. Ying Protector Xu Qindan sent Andong protector-general Xue Tai with five hundred elite troops and Xi king Li Da'pu to restore Suogu; they were beaten—Suogu and Li Da'pu were killed, Xue Tai captured alive, and Ying Prefecture trembled. Xu Qindan withdrew his army into Yuguan Pass; Ketugan enthroned Suogu's cousin Yu'gan and sent envoys to sue for peace. The emperor pardoned Ketugan and made Yügan Grand Protector of Songmo and Li Dafu's younger brother Ludu Grand Protector of Raole.
52
春，正月，制削楊敬述官爵，以白衣檢校涼州都督，仍充諸使。
In spring, in the first month, an edict stripped Yang Jingshu of rank and title, appointed him acting Governor of Liang Province in plain dress, and kept him in his envoy assignments.
53
丙辰，改蒲州為河中府，置中都官僚，一准京兆、河南。
On bingchen the court changed Pu Prefecture to Hezhong Prefecture, installed a Middle Capital administration, and matched it to Jingzhao and Henan.
54
丙寅，上幸驪山溫湯； 乙亥，還宮。
On bingyin Emperor Xuanzong went to the hot springs at Mount Li; On yihai he returned to the palace.
55
監察御史宇文融上言：「天下戶口逃移，巧偽甚眾，請加檢括。」 融，弼之玄孫也，源乾曜素愛其才，贊成之。 二月，乙酉，敕有司議招集流移、按詰巧偽之法以聞。
Censor Yuwen Rong memorialized: "Households are fleeing registration across the realm, and fraud is widespread—I ask that a thorough review be ordered." Yuwen Rong was the great-grandson of Yuwen Bi; Yuan Qianyao had long favored his abilities and backed the proposal. In the second month, on yiyou, the emperor ordered officials to draft methods for registering the displaced, exposing false claims, and reporting back.
56
丙戌，突厥毘伽復使來求和。 上賜書，諭以「曩昔國家與突厥和親，華、夷安逸，甲兵休息； 國家買突厥羊馬，突厥受國家繒帛，彼此豐給。 自數十年來，不復如舊，正由默啜無信，口和心叛，數出盜兵，寇抄邊鄙，人怨神怒，隕身喪元，吉凶之驗，皆可汗所見。 今復蹈前跡，掩襲甘、涼，隨遣使人，更來求好。 國家如天之覆，如海之容，但取來情，不追往咎。 可汗果有誠心，則共保遐福； 不然，無煩使者徒爾往來。 若其侵邊，亦有以待。 可汗其審圖之！」
On bingxu the Türk qaghan Bilge again sent envoys seeking peace. The emperor wrote in reply: "When the state and the Türk were bound by marriage, China and the steppe alike lived in peace and armies stood down; The court bought Türk sheep and horses; the Türk received our silks and brocades—both sides prospered. For decades things have not been as they were—because Mojie broke faith, swore peace while plotting revolt, and sent raiders again and again against the frontier until heaven and men turned against him and he lost his life. The qaghan has seen with his own eyes how fortune and ruin are repaid. Now you repeat the same course—striking Gan and Liang by surprise, then sending envoys to sue for peace again. The state covers all as heaven covers and holds all as the sea holds—we heed your present sincerity and do not hunt old wrongs. If the qaghan is sincere, we may share lasting good fortune; If not, let your envoys stop wasting their journeys. If you raid the frontier again, we are ready for that as well. Qaghan, consider this carefully!"
57
丁亥，制：「州縣逃亡戶口聽百日自首，或於所在附籍，或牒歸故鄉，各從所欲。 過期不首，即加檢括，謫徙邊州； 公私敢容庇者抵罪。」 以宇文融充使，括逃移戶口及籍外田，所獲巧偽甚眾。 遷兵部員外郎兼侍御史。 融奏置勸農判官十人，並攝御史，分行天下。 其新附客戶，免六年賦調。 使者競為刻急，州縣承風勞擾，百姓苦之。 陽翟尉皇甫憬上疏言其狀； 上方任融，貶憬盈川尉。 州縣希旨，務於獲多，虛張其數，或以實戶為客，凡得戶八十餘萬，田亦稱是。
On dinghai an edict declared: "Runaway households may turn themselves in within one hundred days, register where they are, or return home with a permit—as each prefers. Those who fail to report in time will be hunted out and exiled to the frontier; anyone public or private who harbors them will be punished." Yuwen Rong was made commissioner to track down displaced households and unregistered land; the fraud he found was vast. He was promoted to vice director in the Ministry of War and appointed serving censor as well. Rong asked that ten agricultural promotion judges be named, each doubling as censor, and sent across the empire. Newly registered client households were exempt from tax and corvée for six years. The commissioners competed to be harsh; local officials followed suit and harassed the people, who suffered greatly. Huangfu Jing, magistrate of Yangzhai, memorialized describing the abuse; The emperor, still backing Rong, demoted Huangfu Jing to magistrate of Yingchuan. Local officials eager to please inflated their counts, sometimes listing real taxpayers as new clients; they claimed more than eight hundred thousand households and a matching amount of land.
58
蘭池州胡康待賓誘諸降戶同反，夏，四月，攻陷六胡州，有眾七萬，進逼夏州。 命朔方總管王晙、隴右節度使郭知運共討之。
Kang Daibin, a non-Han of Lanchi Prefecture, urged surrendered tribes to rebel; in summer, in the fourth month, he took Liuhu Prefecture, raised seventy thousand men, and marched on Xia Prefecture. Wang Jun, commander of Shuofang, and Guo Zhiyun, military governor of Longyou, were ordered to suppress him together.
59
戊戌，敕：「京官五品以上，外官剌史、四府上佐，各舉縣令一人，視其政善惡，為舉者賞罰。」
On wuxu an edict required capital officials of fifth rank and above and external prefects and senior aides of the four great prefectures each to recommend one county magistrate, with reward or punishment for the recommender according to the magistrate's performance."
60
以太僕卿王毛仲為朔方道防禦討擊大使，使與王晙及天兵軍節度大使張說相知討康待賓。
Grand Stable Master Wang Maochong was named grand ambassador for defense and punitive attack on the Shuofang circuit and told to join Wang Jun and Zhang Yue, military governor of the Heavenly Troops Army, against Kang Daibin.
61
六月，己卯，罷中都，復為蒲州。
In the sixth month, on jimao, the Middle Capital was abolished and the region restored to Pu Prefecture.
62
蒲州刺史陸象先政尚寬簡，吏民有罪，多曉諭遣之。 州錄事言於象先曰：「明公不施棰撻，何以示威！」 象先曰：「人情不遠，此屬豈不解吾言邪？ 必欲棰撻以示威，當從汝始！」 錄事慚而退。 像先嘗謂人曰：「天下本無事，但庸人擾之耳。 苟清其源，何憂不治！」
Lu Xiangxian, prefect of Pu, governed with leniency; when officials or commoners erred he usually warned them and let them go. The prefectural clerk said to Lu Xiangxian, "My lord, without the rod how can you show authority!" Lu Xiangxian replied, "People are not far from understanding—surely they grasp what I mean? If you want the rod to show authority, begin with yourself!" The clerk withdrew in shame. Lu Xiangxian once said, "The realm is fundamentally at peace—it is meddlers who make trouble. Clear the source and there is no fear of disorder!"
63
秋，七月，己酉，王晙大破康待賓，生擒之，殺叛胡萬五千人。 辛酉，集四夷酋長，腰斬康待賓於西市。 先是，叛胡潛與党項通謀，攻銀城、連谷，據其倉庾，張說將步騎萬人出合河關掩擊，大破之。 追至駱駝堰，党項乃更與胡戰，胡眾潰，西走入鐵建山。 說安集党項，使復其居業。 討擊使阿史那獻以党項翻覆，請並誅之，說曰：「王者之師，當伐叛柔服，豈可殺已降邪！」 因奏置麟州，以鎮撫党項餘眾。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on jiyou, Wang Jun routed Kang Daibin, took him alive, and killed fifteen thousand rebel tribesmen. On xinyou chieftains of the four peoples were gathered to watch Kang Daibin cut in two at the waist in the Western Market. Earlier the rebels had secretly allied with the Tangut, struck Yincheng and Liangu, and seized the granaries; Zhang Yue led ten thousand foot and horse out through Hehe Pass and crushed them. The pursuit reached Luotuo Dam; the Tangut then turned on the Hu again; the Hu broke and fled west into Mount Tiejian. Zhang Yue resettled the Tangut and restored their homes and livelihoods. Punitive commissioner Ashina Xian, citing Tangut treachery, asked to kill them all; Zhang Yue said, "A royal army punishes rebels and welcomes those who submit—how can we slaughter men who have yielded!" He then asked that Lin Prefecture be established to watch over the remaining Tangut.
64
九月，乙巳朔，日有食之。
In the ninth month, on the first day yisi, the sun was eclipsed.
65
康待賓之反也，詔郭知運與王晙相知討之； 晙上言，朔方兵自有餘力，請敕知運還本軍。 未報，知運已至，由是與晙不協。 晙所招降者，知運復縱兵擊之； 虜以晙為賣己，由是復叛。 上以不能遂定群胡，丙午，貶晙為梓州刺史。
When Kang Daibin rebelled, the court ordered Guo Zhiyun and Wang Jun to cooperate against him; Wang Jun reported that Shuofang troops alone were sufficient and asked that Guo Zhiyun be sent back to his command. Before the court answered, Guo Zhiyun had already arrived; from then on he and Wang Jun failed to cooperate. Men Wang Jun had persuaded to surrender, Guo Zhiyun attacked again; The tribes decided Wang Jun had betrayed them and rose again. Because the rebellion remained unsettled, on bingwu the emperor demoted Wang Jun to prefect of Zi.
66
丁未，梁文獻公姚崇薨，遺令：「佛以清淨慈悲為本，而愚者寫經造像，冀以求福。 昔周、齊分據天下，周則毀經像而修甲兵，齊則崇塔廟而馳刑政，一朝合戰，齊滅周興。 近者諸武、諸韋，造寺度人，不可勝紀，無救族誅。 汝曹勿效兒女子終身不寤，追薦冥福。 道士見僧獲利，效其所為，尤不可延之於家。 當永為後法！」
On dingwei Duke of Liang Wenzian Yao Chong died, leaving instructions: "Buddhism rests on purity and compassion, yet fools copy sutras and cast images hoping for merit. Once Zhou and Qi split the empire: Zhou tore down sutras and images and sharpened arms; Qi piled up temples and neglected justice—then they met in battle, and Qi fell while Zhou rose. Not long ago the Wu and Wei clans built temples and ordained monks without number, yet could not escape extermination. Do not imitate foolish men and women who never learn, piling up offerings for phantom blessings after death. When Daoist priests saw monks prosper they copied them—above all, do not let such men into the house. Let this be your rule forever!"
67
癸亥，以張說為兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。
On guihai Zhang Yue was made minister of war and associate grand counselor.
68
冬，十月，河西、隴右節度大使郭知運卒。 知運與同縣右衛副率王君廓，皆以驍勇善騎射著名西陲，為虜所憚，時人謂之王、郭。 廓遂自知運麾下代為河西、隴右節度使，判涼州都督。
In winter, in the tenth month, Guo Zhiyun, military governor of Hexi and Longyou, died. Guo Zhiyun and Wang Junkuo of the same county, deputy commander of the Right Guard, were famed on the western frontier for courage and archery; the tribes feared them, and people called them "Wang and Guo." Wang Junkuo, who had served under Guo Zhiyun, succeeded him as military governor of Hexi and Longyou and acting governor of Liang.
69
十一月，丙辰，國子祭酒元行衝上《群書四錄》，凡書四萬八千一百六十九卷。
In the eleventh month, on bingchen, Grand Master of the National University Yuan Xingchong presented the Comprehensive Catalogue of Books in Four Sections, listing 48,169 scrolls.
70
庚午，赦天下。
On gengwu the emperor proclaimed a general amnesty.
71
十二月，乙酉，上幸驪山溫湯； 壬辰，還宮。
In the twelfth month, on yiyou Emperor Xuanzong went to the hot springs at Mount Li; On renchen he returned to the palace.
72
是歲，諸王為都督、刺史者，悉召還京師。
That year every prince serving as military commander or prefect was recalled to the capital.
73
新作蒲津橋，熔鐵為牛以系絲亙。
A new bridge was built at Pujin, with iron oxen cast to anchor the cables.
74
安州別駕劉子玄卒。 子玄即知幾也，避上嫌名，以字行。 著作郎吳兢撰《則天實錄》，言宋璟張說使證魏元忠事。 說修史見之，知兢所為，謬曰：「劉五殊不相借。」 兢起對曰：「此乃兢所為，史草具在，不可使明公枉怨死者。」 同僚皆失色。 其後說陰祈兢改數字，兢終不許，曰：「若徇公請，則此史不為直筆，何以取信於後！」
Liu Zixuan, vice prefect of An Prefecture, died. Liu Zixuan was Liu Zhiji; to avoid the emperor's taboo he used his style name. Archivist Wu Jing compiled the Veritable Record of Empress Zetian, recording that Song Jing and Zhang Yue were compelled to testify in Wei Yuanzhong's case. Zhang Yue, editing the history, saw the passage, knew Wu Jing had written it, and falsely said, "Liu the Fifth would never have shared this with you." Wu Jing stood and answered, "I wrote this myself; the draft is here—Your Excellency must not wrongly blame the dead." His colleagues blanched. Later Zhang Yue privately asked Wu Jing to change a few words; Wu Jing refused, saying, "If I bow to Your Excellency, this history will no longer be honest—how can posterity trust it!"
75
太史上言，《麟德歷》浸疏，日食屢不效。 上命僧一行更造新歷，率府兵曹梁令瓚造黃道游儀以測候七政。
The grand astrologer reported that the Linde Calendar had grown unreliable and repeatedly failed to predict solar eclipses. The emperor ordered the monk Yixing to compile a new calendar and Liang Lingzan of the Stratagem Bureau to build a ecliptic armillary sphere to track the seven heavenly bodies.
76
置朔方節度使，領單于都護府，夏、鹽等六州，定遠、豐安二軍，三受降城。
A Shuofang military governor was installed over the Chanyu Protectorate, six prefectures including Xia and Yan, the Dingyuan and Feng'an armies, and the three Accept-Surrender fortresses.
77
春，正月，丁巳，上行幸東都，以刑部尚書王志愔為西京留守。 癸亥，命有司收公廨錢，以稅錢充百官俸。
In spring, in the first month, on dingsi Emperor Xuanzong went to the Eastern Capital and left Wang Zhiyin, minister of justice, as regent in the Western Capital. On guihai the court ordered collection of official revenues and payment of salaries from tax receipts.
78
乙丑，收職田。 畝率給倉粟二鬥。
On yichou the court reclaimed official allotment lands. Officials received two dou of granary grain per mu reclaimed.
79
二月，戊寅，上至東都。
In the second month, on wuyin the emperor arrived at the Eastern Capital.
80
夏，四月，己亥，以張說兼知朔方軍節度使。
In summer, in the fourth month, on jihai Zhang Yue was also named acting military governor of Shuofang.
81
五月，伊、汝水溢，漂溺數千家。
In the fifth month the Yi and Ru rivers flooded, drowning thousands of families.
82
閏月，壬申，張說如朔方巡邊。
In the intercalary month, on renshen Zhang Yue went to Shuofang to tour the frontier.
83
己丑，以餘姚縣主女慕容氏為燕郡公主，妻契丹王郁干。
On jichou Murushi, daughter of the Princess of Yuyao County, was made Princess of Yan Commandery and given to the Khitan king Yügan in marriage.
84
六月，丁巳，博州河決，命按察使蕭嵩等治之。 嵩，梁明帝之孫之。
In the sixth month, on dingsi the Yellow River broke through at Bo Prefecture; investigating commissioner Xiao Song and others were ordered to control it. Xiao Song was a grandson of Emperor Ming of Liang.
85
己巳，制增太廟為九室，遷中宗主還太廟。
On jisi an edict expanded the imperial ancestral temple to nine chambers and returned Emperor Zhongzong's spirit tablet to it.
86
秋，八月，癸卯，武強令裴景仙，坐贓五千匹，事覺，亡命。 上怒，命集眾斬之。 大理卿李朝隱奏景仙贓皆乞取，罪不至死。 又，其曾祖寂有建義大功，載初中以非罪破家，惟景仙獨存，今為承嫡，宜宥其死，投之荒遠。 其辭略曰：「十代宥賢，功實宜錄； 一門絕祀，情或可哀。」 制令杖殺。 朝隱又奏曰：「生殺之柄，人主得專； 輕重有條，臣下當守。 今若乞取得罪，便處斬刑； 後有枉法當科，欲加何辟？ 所以為國惜法，期守律文； 非敢以法隨人，曲矜仙命。」 又曰：「若寂勳都棄，仙罪特加，則叔向之賢，何足稱者； 若敖之鬼，不其餒而！」 上乃許之。 杖景仙一百，流嶺南惡處。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on guimao Pei Jingxian, magistrate of Wuqiang, was found to have embezzled five thousand bolts of silk and fled. The emperor was furious and ordered him seized and executed before the public. Minister of Justice Li Chaoyin reported that Jingxian's graft had all been extorted by begging and did not warrant execution. He added that Jingxian's great-grandfather Ji had rendered great service at the founding; at the start of the Zaijue reign the clan was destroyed on a false charge, and Jingxian alone survived—now the heir of the main line, his life should be spared and he banished to the frontier. The memorial ran, in part: "Ten generations may spare the worthy, and true merit ought to be remembered; when a whole house faces extinction, pity is not out of place." An edict ordered him beaten to death. Chaoyin submitted again: "The power of life and death belongs to the throne alone; yet lighter and heavier punishments follow fixed statutes, and ministers must keep to them. If extortion alone is enough to draw the death penalty now, what punishment remains for graver violations of law? I plead for the law itself, hoping to preserve the statutes; I do not mean to warp the law for a friend or show undue mercy to Jingxian." He went on: "If Ji's service is forgotten and Xian's penalty made heavier still, what becomes of Shu Xiang's celebrated wisdom— would not Ru'ao's shade starve for lack of offerings!" Emperor Xuanzong relented. Jingxian received a hundred strokes and was banished to the harshest reaches of Lingnan.
87
安南賊帥梅叔焉等攻圍州縣，遣驃騎將軍兼內侍楊思勖討之。 思勖募群蠻子弟，得兵十餘萬，襲擊，大破之，斬叔焉，積屍為京觀而還。
When the rebel chieftain Mei Shuyan of Annam and his allies besieged prefectures and counties, the court sent Chief Commandant of Cavalry and palace attendant Yang Sixun against them. Sixun raised more than a hundred thousand tribal auxiliaries, struck by surprise, and routed the rebels; he executed Shuyan, stacked the dead into a victory mound, and marched home.
88
初，上之誅韋氏也，王皇后頗預密謀，及即位數年，色衰愛弛。 武惠妃有寵，陰懷傾奪之志。 後心不平，時對上有不遜語。 上愈不悅，密與秘書監姜皎謀以後無子廢之，皎洩其言。 嗣滕王嶠，後之妹夫也，奏之。 上怒，張嘉貞希旨構成其罪，云：「皎妄談休咎。」 甲戌，杖皎六十，流欽州，弟吏部侍郎晦貶春州司馬； 親黨坐流、死者數人，皎卒於道。
When Emperor Xuanzong had overthrown Empress Wei's faction, Empress Wang had helped in the plot; but after several years on the throne her beauty faded and his favor cooled. Consort Wu the Graceful held his affection and secretly plotted to supplant her. The empress nursed her grievance and sometimes spoke sharply to the emperor. Emperor Xuanzong's displeasure deepened; he secretly conspired with Palace Library Director Jiang Jiao to depose her for bearing no son, and Jiao let the plan slip. Qiao, Prince of Teng and the empress's brother-in-law, reported it to the throne. Emperor Xuanzong was furious; Zhang Jiazhen, eager to please, framed the charge: "Jiao spoke recklessly of omens and fate." On jiaxu Jiang Jiao received sixty strokes and was exiled to Qinzhou; his brother Hui, Vice Minister of Personnel, was demoted to military aide in Chunzhou; Several kinsmen and associates were exiled or executed, and Jiao died on the road.
89
己亥，敕：「宗室、外戚、駙馬，非至親毋得往還； 其卜相占候之人，皆不得出入百官之家。」
On jihai an edict declared: "Members of the imperial clan, maternal kin, and imperial sons-in-law may not visit one another unless they are closest relatives; diviners, physiognomers, and astrologers are forbidden to enter officials' houses."
90
己卯夜，左領軍兵曹權楚璧與其黨李齊損等作亂，立楚璧兄子梁山為光帝，詐稱襄王之子，擁左屯營兵數百人入宮城，求留守王志愔，不獲。 比曉，屯營兵自潰； 斬楚璧等，傳首東都。 志愔驚怖而薨。 楚璧，懷恩之侄； 齊損，迥秀之子也。 壬午，遣河南尹王怡如京師，按問宣慰。
On the night of jimao, Left Army adjutant Quan Chubi and his accomplice Li Qisun rebelled, enthroning Chubi's nephew Liangshan as Emperor Guang and claiming he was the Prince of Xiang's son; with several hundred men of the Left Garrison they entered the palace city seeking Regent Wang Zhiyin, but could not find him. By daybreak the camp soldiers had scattered; Chubi and his companions were executed and their heads sent to Luoyang. Wang Zhiyin died of shock and terror. Chubi was a nephew of Huai'en; Qisun was the son of Jiongxiu. On renwu the court sent Henan Intendant Wang Yi to the capital to investigate and reassure the people.
91
癸未，吐蕃圍小勃律王沒謹忙，謹忙求救於北庭節度使張嵩曰：「勃律，唐之西門，勃律亡則西域皆為吐蕃矣。」 嵩乃遣疏勒副使張思禮將蕃、漢步騎四千人救之，晝夜倍道，與謹忙合擊吐蕃，大破之，斬獲數萬。 自是累歲吐蕃不敢犯邊。
On guiwei the Tibetans besieged Mojinmang, king of Lesser Bolü; he appealed to Beiting military commissioner Zhang Song: "Bolü is Tang's western gate—if Bolü falls, the whole Western Regions will pass to Tibet." Song sent Shule deputy commissioner Zhang Silü with four thousand mixed Tibetan and Han infantry and cavalry; marching day and night at forced pace, they joined Mojinmang, routed the Tibetans, and took tens of thousands of heads and captives. For years afterward the Tibetans did not dare raid the frontier.
92
王怡漢權楚璧獄，連逮甚眾，久之不決； 上乃以開府儀同三司宋璟為西京留守。 璟至，止誅同謀數人，餘皆奏原之。
Wang Yi's prosecution of the Quan Chubi affair dragged on, implicating a great many people; Emperor Xuanzong then named Song Jing, Grand Master of the Court with Imperial Pomp, regent of the Western Capital. Song Jing executed only a handful of ringleaders and petitioned to pardon the rest.
93
康待賓餘黨康願子反，自稱可汗； 張說發兵追討擒之，其黨悉平。 徙河曲六州殘胡五萬餘口於許、汝、唐、鄧、仙、豫等州，空河南、朔方千里之地。
Kang Yuanzi, a holdout of Kang Daibin's faction, rebelled and styled himself qaghan; Zhang Yue sent troops in pursuit, captured him, and wiped out the remnants. More than fifty thousand surviving nomads from the six River Bend prefectures were resettled in Xu, Ru, Tang, Deng, Xian, Yu, and elsewhere, leaving a thousand li of Henan and Shuofang depopulated.
94
先是，緣邊戍兵常六十餘萬，說以時無強寇，奏罷二十餘萬使還農。 上以為疑，說曰：「臣久在疆場，具知其情，將帥苟以自衛及役使營私而已。 若禦敵制勝，不必多相冗卒以妨農務。 陛下若以為疑，臣請以闔門百口保之。」 上乃從之。
Frontier garrisons had long held more than six hundred thousand men; Zhang Yue argued that with no strong foe at hand, two hundred thousand could be sent home to farm. Emperor Xuanzong was uneasy; Zhang Yue said, "I have served long on the frontier and know the truth: commanders keep these men only to guard themselves and to press them into private service. To fight and win, masses of idle troops are not needed—and they only harm the harvest. If Your Majesty still doubts me, I pledge my whole household—every soul under my roof." Emperor Xuanzong agreed.
95
初，諸衛府兵，自成丁從軍，六十而免，其家又不免雜徭，浸以貧弱，逃亡略盡，百姓苦之。 張說建議，請召募壯士充宿衛，不問色役，優為之制，逋逃者必爭出應募； 上從之。 旬日，得精兵十三萬，分隸諸衛，更番上下。 兵農之分，從此始矣。
Guardsmen had once entered service at adulthood and mustered out at sixty, yet their families still owed corvée; poverty deepened, desertions emptied the ranks, and the people groaned under the burden. Zhang Yue proposed recruiting stout men for palace guard duty, waiving corvée obligations and offering favorable terms—so fugitives would rush to enlist; Emperor Xuanzong approved. Within ten days he raised a hundred thirty thousand trained men, assigned them to the guard corps, and organized them in rotating shifts. From this began the formal split between soldier and farmer.
96
冬，十月，癸丑，復以乾元殿為明堂。
In winter, on the tenth month's guichou day, Qianyuan Hall was restored as the Bright Hall.
97
甲寅，上幸壽安興泰宮，獵於上宜川； 庚申，還宮。
On jiayin Emperor Xuanzong visited Shou'an Xingtai Palace and hunted along the Shangyi River; On gengshen he returned to the palace.
98
上欲耀兵北邊，丁卯，以秦州都督張守潔等為諸衛將軍。
Intent on showing force along the northern border, on dingmao he made Qinzhou commander Zhang Shoujie and others generals of the guard corps.
99
十一月，乙未，初令宰相共食實封三百戶。
In the eleventh month, on yiwei, chancellors were for the first time granted shared revenue fiefs of three hundred households.
100
前廣州都督裴胄先下獄，上與宰相議其罪。 張嘉貞請杖之，張說曰：「臣聞刑不上大夫，為其近於君，且所以養廉恥也。 故士可殺不可辱。 臣向巡北邊，聞杖姜皎於朝堂。 皎官登三品，亦有微功，有罪應死則死，應流則流，奈何輕加笞辱，以皁隸待之！ 姜皎事往，不可復追，胄先據狀當流，豈可復蹈前失！」 上深然之。 嘉貞不悅，退謂說曰：「何論事之深也！」 說曰：「宰相，時來則為之。 若國之大臣皆可笞辱，但恐行及吾輩。 吾此言非為胄先，乃為天下士君子也。」 嘉貞無以應。
Former Guangzhou commander Pei Zouxian was in prison, and Emperor Xuanzong consulted the chancellors on his sentence. Zhang Jiazhen urged a beating; Zhang Yue objected: "I have heard that punishment does not touch grand officers—they stand near the throne, and the law preserves their honor. A gentleman may be executed, but not disgraced. When I toured the north I learned that Jiang Jiao was beaten in open court. Jiang Jiao held third rank and had done some service—if guilty he should die or be exiled as the law requires; why belittle him with a beating, as if he were a menial servant! Jiang Jiao's case is past amending; Zouxian's crime calls for exile on the record—must we repeat that mistake?" Emperor Xuanzong strongly agreed. Jiazhen was displeased; as they withdrew he said to Zhang Yue, "Why argue the point so hard!" Zhang Yue replied, "Chancellor is an office one holds only for a season. If any great minister may be beaten, the practice may reach us next. I speak not for Zouxian alone, but for every gentleman in the empire." Jiazhen had no answer.
101
十二月，庚子，以十姓可汗阿史那懷道女為交河公主，嫁突騎施可汗蘇祿。
In the twelfth month, on gengzi, the daughter of the Ten Surnames qaghan Ashina Huaidao was created Princess Jiaohe and given in marriage to Suluo, qaghan of the Turgesh.
102
上將幸晉陽，因還長安。 張說言於上曰：「汾陰睢上有漢家后土祠，其禮久廢； 陛下宜因巡幸修之，為農祈谷。」 上從之。
Emperor Xuanzong planned to visit Jinyang and then return to Chang'an. Zhang Yue said to the emperor: "At Fenyin, on Mount Sui, stands the Han shrine to the Empress of Earth, long neglected; Your Majesty should restore it during this tour and pray for the harvest." Emperor Xuanzong agreed.
103
上女永穆公主將下嫁，敕資送如太平公主故事。 僧一行諫曰：「武後惟太平一女，故資送特厚，卒以驕敗，奈何為法！」 上遽止之。
Emperor Xuanzong's daughter Princess Yongmu was to marry; he ordered her dowry to match Princess Taiping's. The monk Yixing objected: "Empress Wu had only one daughter, Taiping—hence the lavish gift, which fed her pride and ruin. Why make that the standard!" Emperor Xuanzong halted the order at once.
104
春，正月，己巳，車駕自東都北巡； 庚辰，至潞州，給復五年； 辛卯，至并州，置北都，以并州為太原府，刺史為尹； 二月，戊申，還至晉州。 張說與張嘉貞不平，會嘉貞弟金吾將軍嘉祐贓發，說勸嘉貞素服待罪於外。 己酉，左遷嘉貞幽州刺史。
In spring, on the first month's jisi day, the court left Luoyang on a northern progress; On gengchen they reached Luzhou and remitted taxes for five years; On xinmao they reached Bingzhou, established the Northern Capital, renamed Bingzhou Taiyuan Prefecture, and styled its prefect intendant; In the second month, on wushen, they returned as far as Jinzhou. Zhang Yue and Zhang Jiazhen were at odds; when Jiazhen's brother Jiayou, a Gold Crow general, was caught in graft, Yue urged Jiazhen to wait outside the palace in mourning dress to accept blame. On jiyou Jiazhen was demoted to prefect of Youzhou.
105
壬子，祭后土於汾陰。 乙卯，貶平遙令王同慶為贛尉，坐廣為儲偫，煩擾百姓也。
On renzi the emperor sacrificed to the Empress of Earth at Fenyin. On yimao Pingyao magistrate Wang Tongqing was demoted to deputy in Ganzhou for stockpiling supplies on a vast scale and harassing the people.
106
癸亥，以張說兼中書令。
On guihai Zhang Yue was appointed concurrently Director of the Secretariat.
107
己巳，罷天兵、大武等軍，以大同軍為太原以北節度使，領太原、遼、石、嵐、汾、代、忻、朔、蔚、雲十州。
On jisi the Heavenly Troops, Great Martial, and other armies were disbanded; the Datong Army was made military commissioner for the region north of Taiyuan, overseeing ten prefectures: Taiyuan, Liao, Shi, Lan, Fen, Dai, Xin, Shuo, Yu, and Yun.
108
三月，庚午，車駕至京師。
In the third month, on gengwu, the court reached Chang'an.
109
夏，四月，甲子，以吏部尚書王晙為兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。
In summer, on the fourth month's jiazi day, Minister of Personnel Wang Jun was made Minister of War and associate counselor.
110
五月，己丑，以王晙兼朔方軍節度大使，巡河西、隴右、河東、河北諸軍。
In the fifth month, on jichou, Wang Jun was named concurrently grand ambassador of the Shuofang Army and sent to inspect the forces of Hexi, Longyou, Hedong, and Hebei.
111
上置麗正書院，聚文學之士。 秘書監徐堅、太常博士會稽賀知章、監察御史鼓城趙冬曦等，或修書，或侍講，以張說為修書使以總之，有司供給優厚。 中書舍人洛陽陸堅以為此屬無益於國，徒為糜費，欲悉奏罷之。 張說曰：「自古帝王於國家無事之時，莫不崇宮室，廣聲色。 今天子獨延禮文儒，發揮典籍，所益者大，所損者微。 陸子之言，何不達也！」 上聞之，重說而薄堅。
Emperor Xuanzong founded the Lizheng Academy and gathered literary scholars. Palace Library Director Xu Jian, Court of Imperial Sacrifices academic He Zhizhang of Kuaiji, investigating censor Zhao Dongxi of Gucheng, and others—some edited texts, some lectured—with Zhang Yue as chief compiler; the ministries supported them lavishly. Secretariat drafter Lu Jian of Luoyang argued the academy served no state purpose and only wasted funds; he sought to petition for its abolition. Zhang Yue replied: "Emperors in untroubled times have always raised palaces and filled them with music and pleasure. Our emperor alone honors scholars and revives the classics—the gain is great, the cost slight. Master Lu's objections show little sense of proportion!" When Emperor Xuanzong heard this, he held Zhang Yue in higher regard and thought less of Lu Jian.
112
秋，八月，癸卯，敕：「前令檢括逃人，慮成煩擾。 天下大同，宜各從所樂，令所在州縣安集，遂其生業。」
In autumn, on the eighth month's guimao day, an edict declared: "The recent order to hunt down fugitives risks becoming a source of abuse. Under heaven all is at peace; let each man follow his own desire, and order every prefecture and county to receive and settle them, that they may pursue their livelihoods."
113
戊申，尊宣皇帝廟號獻祖，光皇帝廟號懿祖，祔於太廟九室。
On wushen the court gave Emperor Xuan the temple name Xianzu and Emperor Guang the name Yizu, and installed both in the nine chambers of the Grand Ancestral Temple.
114
先是，吐谷渾畏吐蕃之強，附之者數年，九月，壬申，帥眾詣沙州降，河西節度使張敬忠撫納之。
The Tuyuhun, fearing Tibetan power, had been under Tibetan sway for years; in the ninth month, on renshen, they brought their people to Shazhou to surrender, and Hexi commissioner Zhang Jingzhong received them.
115
冬，十月，丁酉，上幸驪山，作溫泉宮； 甲寅，還宮。
In winter, on the tenth month's dingyou day, Emperor Xuanzong went to Mount Li and built the Hot Spring Palace; On jiayin he returned to the palace.
116
十一月，禮儀使張說等奏，以高祖配昊天上帝，罷三祖並配之禮。 戊寅，上祀南郊，赦天下。
In the eleventh month, Zhang Yue, commissioner of rites, and others proposed pairing Emperor Gaozu with the Supreme Heavenly God and ending the rite that had paired all three founding ancestors. On wuyin Emperor Xuanzong sacrificed at the Southern Altar and granted a general amnesty.
117
戊子，命尚書左丞蕭嵩與京兆、蒲、同、岐、華州長官選府兵及白丁一十二萬，謂之「長從宿衛」，一年兩番，州縣毋得雜役使。
On wuzi the court ordered Vice Director Xiao Song and the chief officials of Jingzhao, Pu, Tong, Qi, and Hua to enlist 120,000 garrison troops and conscripts as "long-service palace guards," on two rotations a year, with prefectures and counties forbidden to use them for other corvée duties.
118
十二月，甲午，上幸鳳泉湯； 戊申，還宮。
In the twelfth month, on jiawu, Emperor Xuanzong went to the Fengquan hot springs; On wushen he returned to the palace.
119
庚申，兵部尚書、同中書門下三品王晙坐黨引疏族，貶蘄州刺史。
On gengshen Minister of War and associate counselor Wang Jun was demoted to prefect of Qizhou for factional ties with distant kinsmen.
120
是歲，張說奏改政事堂曰中書門下，列五房於其後，分掌庶政。
That year Zhang Yue proposed renaming the Hall of Administration Affairs the Chancellery Secretariat, with five bureaus behind it to divide routine business.
121
初，監察御史濮陽杜暹因按事至突騎施，突騎施饋之金，暹固辭。 左右曰：「君寄身異域，不宜逆其情。」 乃受之，埋於幕下，出境，移牒令取之。 虜大驚，度磧追之，不及。 及安西都護闕，或薦暹往使安西，人服其清慎。 時暹自給事中居母憂。
Earlier, investigating censor Du Xian of Puyang, on circuit duty, reached the Turgesh, who offered him gold; he refused. His attendants said, "You are a guest in a foreign land—you should not refuse their goodwill." So he accepted it, buried it under his tent, and after crossing the border sent a note telling them to come fetch it. The Turgesh were astonished; they crossed the desert in pursuit but could not overtake him. When the post of protector-general of Anxi fell vacant, some recommended Du Xian; all respected his integrity and discretion. Du Xian was then in mourning for his mother, having left his post as supervising secretary.
122
春，三月，甲子，起暹為安西副大都護、磧西節度等使。
In spring, on the third month's jiazi day, Du Xian was recalled from mourning and made deputy protector-general of Anxi and commissioner of Qixi.
123
神龍初，追復澤王上金官爵，求得庶子義珣於嶺南，紹其故封。 許王素節之子瓘，利其爵邑，與弟璆謀，使人告義珣非上金子，妄冒襲封，復流嶺南，以璆繼上金後為嗣澤王。 至是，玉真公主表義珣實上金子，為瓘兄弟所擯。 夏，四月，庚子，復立義珣為嗣澤王，削璆爵，貶瓘鄂州別駕。 壬寅，敕宗室旁繼為嗣王者並令歸宗。
Early in the Shenlong era Prince Ze Shangjin's rank was posthumously restored; his illegitimate son Yixun was found in Lingnan and given his old title. Suo, son of Prince Xu Sujie, coveted the fief and with his brother Qiu had men accuse Yixun of falsely claiming descent from Shangjin; Yixun was exiled again to Lingnan and Qiu was made heir Prince of Ze. Now Princess Yuzhen memorialized that Yixun was truly Shangjin's son and had been driven out by Suo and his brothers. In summer, on the fourth month's gengzi day, Yixun was restored as heir Prince of Ze; Qiu was stripped of rank and Suo demoted to vice-prefect of Ezhou. On renyin an edict required collateral heirs among the imperial princes to return to their birth lines.
124
壬子，命太史監南宮說等於河南、北平地測日晷及極星，夏至日中立八尺之表，同時候之。 陽城晷長一尺四寸八分弱，夜視北極出地高三十四度十分度之四； 浚儀岳台晷長一尺五寸微強，極高三十四度八分； 南至朗州晷長七寸七分，極高二十九度半； 北至蔚州，晷長二尺二寸九分，極高四十度。 南北相距三千六百八十八里九十步，晷差一尺五寸三分，極差十度半。 又南至交州，晷出表南三寸三分； 八月，海中南望老人星下，眾星粲然，皆古所未名，大率去南極二十度以上皆見。
On renzi the court ordered Nangong Shuo, director of the Board of Astronomy, and others to measure sundials and the pole star on the Henan and Beiping plains; on the summer solstice they erected eight-foot gnomons and observed together. At Yangcheng the shadow measured one chi, four cun, and eight fen less a fraction; at night the North Pole stood thirty-four and four-tenths du above the horizon; At the Yue Terrace in Junyi the shadow was one chi and five cun plus a fraction; the pole stood thirty-four and eight fen du high; Far south at Langzhou the shadow was seven cun and seven fen; the pole stood twenty-nine and a half du high; Far north at Yuzhou the shadow reached two chi, two cun, and nine fen; the pole stood forty du high. North and south were 3,688 li and ninety paces apart; shadow length differed by one chi, five cun, and three fen, and pole height by ten and a half du. Still farther south at Jiaozhou the shadow fell three cun and three fen south of the gnomon; In the eighth month, gazing south over the sea below the Old Man Star, they saw countless bright stars none had named before; in general, every star more than twenty du from the South Pole was visible.
125
五月，丁亥，停諸道按察使。
In the fifth month, on dinghai, the court abolished circuit investigation commissioners.
126
六月，壬辰，制聽逃戶自首，辟所在閒田，隨宜收稅，毋得差科征役，租庸一皆蠲免。 仍以兵部員外郎兼侍御史宇文融為勸農使，巡行州縣，與吏民議定賦役。
In the sixth month, on renchen, an edict allowed fugitive households to register; vacant land was to be opened and taxed as fit, with no corvée assignments, and all rent and corvée remitted. Yuwen Rong, vice director of the Ministry of War and assistant censor, was named agriculture commissioner to tour the prefectures and settle tax obligations with officials and commoners.
127
上以山東旱，命選台閣名臣以補刺史； 壬午，以黃門侍郎王丘、中書侍郎長安崔沔、禮部侍郎、知制誥韓休等五人出為刺史。 丘，同皎之從父兄子； 休，大敏之孫也。
Because of drought in Shandong, Emperor Xuanzong ordered colonnade ministers chosen to serve as prefects; On renwu Vice Director Wang Qiu, Vice Director Cui Mian of Chang'an, Vice Director of Rites and drafter of edicts Han Xiu, and five others in all were sent out as prefects. Wang Qiu was a paternal cousin of Tong Jiao; Han Xiu was the grandson of Han Damin.
128
初，張說引崔沔為中書侍郎； 故事，承宣制皆出宰相，侍郎署位而已。 沔曰：「設官分職，上下相維，各申所見，事乃無失。 侍郎，令之貳也，豈得拱默而已！」 由是遇事多所異同，說不悅，故因是出之。
Zhang Yue had earlier brought Cui Mian in as vice director of the Secretariat; By custom the chancellor alone drafted and proclaimed edicts; the vice director merely signed his name. Cui Mian said, "Offices exist so that duties are divided and superiors and subordinates check one another; each should state his view, and business will not go wrong. The vice director is the chancellor's deputy—how can he do nothing but stand silent!" From then on he often dissented on policy; Zhang Yue was displeased and used this as grounds to have him sent out.
129
秋，七月，突厥可汗遣其臣哥解頡利發來求婚。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the Türk qaghan sent his minister Geli Fazha to sue for a marriage alliance.
130
奚州蠻覃行璋反。 以監門衛大將軍楊思勖為黔中道招討使，將兵擊之。 癸亥，思勖生擒行璋，斬首三萬級而歸。 加思勖輔國大將軍，俸祿、防閣皆依品給。 赦行璋，以為洵水府別駕。
Tan Xingzhang, a Xi chieftain in Xizhou, rebelled. Gate Guard general Yang Sixun was made suppression commissioner for the Qianzhong circuit and marched against him. On guihai Yang Sixun took Xingzhang alive, claimed 30,000 heads, and returned. Yang Sixun was promoted to defender-general of the state, with salary and bodyguard allotments matched to rank. Xingzhang was pardoned and appointed vice-prefect of Xunshui.
131
姜皎既得罪，王皇后愈憂畏不安，然待下有恩，故無隨而譖之者，上猶豫不決者累歲。 後兄太子少保守一，以後無子，使僧明悟為後祭南北斗，剖霹靂木，書天地字及上名，合而佩之，祝曰：「佩此有子，當如則天皇后。」 事覺，己卯，廢為庶人，移別室安置； 貶守一潭州別駕，中路賜死。 戶都尚書張嘉貞坐與守一交通，貶台州刺史。
After Jiang Jiao's disgrace Empress Wang grew more fearful, yet she treated her servants kindly, so none slandered her; Emperor Xuanzong hesitated for years. Her brother Shouyi, junior mentor to the heir, because the empress had no son, had the monk Mingwu sacrifice to the Southern and Northern Dippers for her; he split thunderbolt wood, wrote the characters for Heaven and Earth and the emperor's name, joined them as an amulet for her to wear, and prayed: "Wear this and bear a son, as Empress Wu did." When the plot was exposed, on jimao she was deposed to commoner status and confined to separate quarters; Shouyi was demoted to vice-prefect of Tanzhou and ordered to die on the road. Right Vice Director Zhang Jiazhen, for ties to Shouyi, was demoted to prefect of Taizhou.
132
八月，丙申，突厥哥解頡利發還其國； 以其使者輕，禮數不備，未許婚。
In the eighth month, on bingshen, the Türk envoy Geli Fazha returned home; The court refused the marriage alliance because the envoy was disrespectful and the ceremonial tribute insufficient.
133
己亥，以宇文融為御史中丞。 融乘驛周流天下，事無大小，諸州先牒上勸農使，後申中書； 省司亦待融指摠，然後處決。 時上將大攘四夷，急於用度，州縣畏融，多張虛數，凡得客戶八十餘萬，田亦稱是。 歲終，增緡錢數百萬，悉進入宮； 由是有寵。 議者多言煩憂，不利百姓，上令集百寮於尚書省議之。 公卿已下，畏融恩勢，皆不敢立異，惟戶部侍郎楊瑒抗議，以為：「括客免稅，不利居人。 征籍外田稅，使百姓困弊，所得不補所失。」 未幾，瑒為華州刺史。
On jihai Yuwen Rong was made censor-in-chief. Yuwen Rong traveled the empire by post relay; on every matter, prefectures reported first to the agriculture commissioner and only then to the Secretariat; Central ministries waited for Yuwen Rong's instructions before acting. Emperor Xuanzong was preparing for campaigns against the four frontiers and needed funds; prefectures feared Yuwen Rong and inflated their counts, registering more than 800,000 client households and matching fields. By year's end added revenue reached several million strings of cash, all sent to the palace; From this he won imperial favor. Critics said the policy was oppressive and hurt the people; Emperor Xuanzong ordered the full bureaucracy to debate it at the Department of State Affairs. From the chief ministers down, all feared Yuwen Rong's influence and kept silent; only Vice Director Yang Chang objected: "Registering fugitives and exempting them from tax hurts those already on the rolls. Taxing unregistered land exhausts the people; the gains do not cover the losses." Before long Yang Chang was made prefect of Huazhou.
134
壬寅，以開府儀同三司宋璟為西京留守。
On renyin Song Jing, Grand Master of Glorious Affairs with Imperial Pomp, was named regent of the Western Capital.
135
冬，十月，丁酉，謝王特勒遣使入奏，稱「去年五月，金城公主遣使詣個失密國，雲欲走歸汝。 個失密王從臣國王借兵，共拒吐蕃。 王遣臣入取進止。」 上以為然，賜帛遣之。
In winter, on the tenth month's dingyou day, the Turgesh qaghan sent envoys to court reporting: "Last May Princess Jincheng sent envoys to Kabuli, saying she wished to flee back to you. The king of Kabuli borrowed troops from his vassal kings to resist the Tibetans together. The king sent me to ask what you command." Emperor Xuanzong approved, gave them silks, and sent them home.
136
廢後王氏卒，後宮思慕後不已，上亦悔之。
When the deposed Empress Wang died, the inner palace mourned her endlessly, and Emperor Xuanzong regretted the deposition.
137
十一月，庚午，上幸東都； 戊寅，至東都。
In the eleventh month, on gengwu, Emperor Xuanzong traveled to Luoyang; On wuyin he reached Luoyang.
138
辛巳，司徒申王摠薨，贈謚惠莊太子。
On xinsi Prince Shen Zong, Minister of Education, died and was posthumously titled Crown Prince Huihuang.
139
群臣屢上表請封禪，閏月，丁卯，制以明年十一月十日有事於泰山。 時張說首建封禪之議，而源乾曜不欲為之，由是與說不平。
Ministers repeatedly petitioned for a fengshan; in the intercalary month, on dingmao, an edict fixed the Mount Tai rite for the tenth day of the eleventh month the following year. Zhang Yue had been first to propose the fengshan, but Yuan Qianyao opposed it, and the two fell out.
140
是歲，契丹王李郁干卒，弟吐乾襲位。
That year Khitan king Li Yigan died and his brother Tugan succeeded him.
141
春，二月，庚申，以御史中丞宇文融兼戶部侍郎。 制以所得客戶稅錢均充所在常平倉本； 又委使司與州縣議作勸農社，使貧富相恤，耕耘以時。
In spring, on the second month's gengshen day, censor-in-chief Yuwen Rong was also made vice director of the Ministry of Revenue. An edict directed that client household tax revenue fund local Ever-Normal Granaries; And charged commissioners and prefectures to organize farming cooperatives so rich and poor could help one another and sow on time.
142
乙亥，更命長從宿衛之士曰「擴騎」，分隸十二衛，總十二萬人為六番。
“On yihai the long-service guards were renamed the Expanded Cavalry, assigned to the twelve guards—120,000 men in six rotations.”
143
上自選諸司長官有聲望者大理卿源光裕、尚書左丞楊承令、兵部侍郎寇泚等十一人為刺史，命宰相、諸王及諸司長官、台郎、御史餞於洛濱，供張甚盛。 賜以御膳，太常具樂，內坊歌妓； 上自書十韻詩，命將軍高力士賜之。 光裕，乾曜之從孫也。
Emperor Xuanzong personally chose eleven distinguished department chiefs—including Minister of Justice Yuan Guangyu, Vice Director Yang Chengling, and Vice Director of War Kou Ci—as prefects, and ordered chancellors, princes, officials, and censors to give them a lavish farewell feast on the Luo River bank. They were given imperial feasts, music from the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and palace singers; Emperor Xuanzong wrote a ten-rhyme poem and had General Gao Lishi present it to them. Yuan Guangyu was the grand-nephew of Yuan Qianyao.
144
三月，甲午，太子嗣謙更名鴻； 徙郯王嗣直為慶王，更名潭； 陝王嗣升為忠王，更名浚； 鄂王嗣真為棣王，更名洽； 鄂王嗣初更名涓； 鄄王嗣玄為榮王，更名滉。 又立子涺為光王，濰為儀王，沄為穎王，澤為永王，清為壽王，洄為延王，沐為盛王，溢為濟王。
In the third month, on jiawu, Heir Apparent Suiqian was renamed Hong; Prince of Tan Suiqi became Prince of Qing and was renamed Tan; Prince of Shan Suisheng was made Prince of Zhong and renamed Jun; Prince of E Suizhen was made Prince of Di and renamed Qia; Prince of E Suichu was renamed Juan; Prince of Juan Suixuan was made Prince of Rong and renamed Huang; Eight more sons were created princes: Li as Guang, Wei as Yi, Yun as Ying, Ze as Yong, Qing as Shou, Hui as Yan, Mu as Sheng, and Yi as Ji.
145
丙申，御史大夫程行湛奏：「周朝酷吏來俊臣等二十三人，情狀尤重，子孫請皆禁錮； 傅遊藝等四人差輕，子孫不聽近任。」 從之。
On bingshen Censor-in-Chief Cheng Xingchen memorialized: "The Zhou dynasty's cruel officials Lai Junchen and twenty-two others of the gravest guilt—their descendants should all be barred from office; Fu Youyi and four others were lesser cases—their descendants may not hold posts near the capital." The emperor agreed.
146
汾州刺史楊承令不欲外補，意怏怏，自言：「吾出守有由。」 上聞之，怒，壬寅，貶睦州別駕。
Fenzhou prefect Yang Chengling resented his provincial assignment and muttered, "There is a reason I was sent out." When Emperor Xuanzong heard, he was furious; on renyin Yang Chengling was demoted to vice-prefect of Muzhou.
147
張說草封禪儀獻之。 夏，四月，丙辰，上與中書門下及禮官、學士宴於集仙殿。 上曰：「仙者憑虛之論，朕所不取。 賢者濟理之具，朕今與卿曹合宴，宜更名曰集賢殿。」 其書院官五品以上為學士，六品以下為直學士； 以張說知院事，右散騎常侍徐堅副之。 上欲以說為大學士，說固辭而止。
Zhang Yue drafted the Mount Tai fengshan rites and submitted them to the throne. In summer, the fourth month, on bingchen, Emperor Xuanzong gave a banquet in the Hall of Assembled Immortals for the chancellors, the Secretariat, rites officials, and academicians. The emperor said, "Talk of immortals is idle speculation, and I will have none of it. Worthies are what aid good government; since I feast with you today, this hall should be renamed the Hall of Assembled Worthies." Officials of the academy at fifth rank and above were styled academicians; those of sixth rank and below, direct academicians. Zhang Yue was made director of the academy, with Xu Jian, Right Regular Attendant, as his deputy. The emperor wished to name Zhang Yue Grand Academician, but Zhang Yue steadfastly refused and the appointment went no further.
148
說以大駕東巡，恐突厥乘間入寇，議加兵守邊，召兵部郎中裴光庭謀之。 光庭曰：「封禪者，告成功也。 今將升中於天，而戎狄是懼，非所以昭盛德也。」 說曰：「然則若之何？」 光庭曰：「四夷之中，突厥為大，比屢求和親，而朝遷羈縻，未決許也。 今遣一使，征其大臣從封泰山，彼必欣然承命； 突厥來，則戎狄君長無不皆來。 可以偃旗臥鼓，高枕有餘矣。」 說曰「善！ 說所不及。」 即奏行之。 光庭，行儉之子也。
Because the imperial tour was heading east, Zhang Yue feared the Türk might seize the moment to raid the frontier; he proposed reinforcing the border garrisons and summoned Pei Guangting, a director in the Ministry of War, to discuss the matter. Guangting said, "The fengshan rite announces success to Heaven. You are about to ascend Mount Tai to report to Heaven, yet you fear the barbarians—that is hardly how one displays great virtue." Zhang Yue asked, "Then what should we do?" Guangting said, "Of the four quarters the Türk is the greatest; they have repeatedly sought a marriage alliance, yet the court has kept them on a loose tether and never granted it. Send an envoy now and invite their chief minister to attend the Mount Tai fengshan—they will gladly accept; Once the Türk come, every other barbarian chief will follow. Then you may lower the banners, stow the drums, and sleep easy." Zhang Yue said, "Excellent! Beyond what Zhang Yue had thought of." He memorialized the plan at once and it was adopted. Guangting was a son of Pei Xingjian.
149
上遣中書直省袁振攝鴻臚卿，諭旨於突厥，小殺與闕特勒、暾欲谷環坐帳中，置酒，謂振曰：「吐蕃，狗種； 奚、契丹，本突厥奴也； 皆得尚主。 突厥前後求婚獨不許，何也？ 且吾亦知入蕃公主皆非天子女，今豈問真偽！ 但屢請不獲，愧見諸蕃耳。」 振許為之奏請。 小殺乃使其大臣阿史德頡利發入貢，因扈從東巡。
The emperor sent Yuan Zhen of the Secretariat Direct Office to serve as acting Master of Banquets and convey the imperial message to the Türk. Xiaosha sat with Kue Tegin and Ton Yabghu in a circle inside the tent over wine and said to Yuan Zhen, "The Tibetans are a dog breed; the Xi and Khitan were once Türk slaves; yet all were given imperial princesses in marriage. The Türk have asked for marriage again and again, yet alone we are refused—why? And I know perfectly well that none of the princesses sent to foreign courts were the emperor's own daughters—why quibble over authenticity now! I am simply ashamed to face the other tribes after pleading so often in vain." Yuan Zhen promised to memorialize the request on his behalf. Xiaosha then sent his minister Ashide Bilifa to pay tribute and accompany the eastern tour.
150
五月，庚寅，妖賊劉定高帥眾夜犯通洛門； 悉捕斬之。
In the fifth month, on gengyin, the sorcerer-rebel Liu Dinggao led his followers in a night attack on Tongluo Gate; They were all captured and executed.
151
秋，八月，張說議封禪儀，請以睿宗配皇地祇； 從之。
In autumn, the eighth month, Zhang Yue set out the fengshan rites and proposed that Emperor Ruizong accompany Imperial Earth at the rite; The emperor approved.
152
九月，丙戌，上謂宰臣曰：「《春秋》不書祥瑞，惟記有年。」 敕自今州縣毋得更奏祥瑞。
In the ninth month, on bingxu, Emperor Xuanzong told the chief ministers, "The Spring and Autumn Annals records no auspicious portents—only good harvests." He ordered that prefectures and counties cease reporting auspicious omens.
153
冬，十月，癸丑，作水運渾天成，上具列宿，注水激輪，令其自轉，晝夜一週。 別置二輪，絡在天外，綴以日月，逆天而行，淹速合度。 置木匱為地平，令儀半在地下，又立二木人，每刻擊鼓，每辰擊鐘，機械皆藏匱中。
In winter, the tenth month, on guichou, the court built a water-powered armillary sphere of the heavens crowned with the constellations; poured water drove the wheel so that it turned on its own, completing one revolution each day and night. Two additional wheels were mounted beyond the sphere and fitted with models of the sun and moon, turning against the heavens at speeds calibrated to their proper motion. A wooden casing served as the horizon, half the instrument lying below ground level; two wooden figures were erected to strike a drum each quarter-hour and a bell each double-hour, all the machinery concealed within the casing.
154
辛酉，車駕發東都，百官、貴戚、四夷酋長從行。 每置頓，數十里中人畜被野； 有司輦載供具之物，數百里不絕。
On xinyou the imperial procession left the Eastern Capital, accompanied by officials, imperial relatives, and chieftains from the four quarters. At every stop for the night, men and livestock carpeted the countryside for miles; Officials' carriers hauling provisions stretched unbroken for hundreds of li.
155
十一月，丙戌，至泰山下，己丑，上備法駕，至山下，御馬登山。 留從官於谷口，獨與宰相及祠官俱登，儀衛環列於山下百餘里。 上問禮部侍郎賀知章曰：「前代玉牒之文，何故秘之？」 對曰：「或密求神仙，故不欲人見。」 上曰：「吾為蒼生祈福耳。」 乃出玉牒，宣示群臣。 庚寅，上祀昊天上帝於山上，群臣祀五帝百神於山下之壇； 其餘仿乾封故事。 辛卯，祭皇地祇於社首。 壬辰，上御帳殿，受朝覲，赦天下，封泰山神為天齊王，禮秩加三公一等。
In the eleventh month, on bingxu, they reached Mount Tai; on jichou Emperor Xuanzong took the full imperial equipage to the foot of the mountain and rode up on horseback. He left the entourage at the valley mouth and ascended only with the chief ministers and ritual officers, while guard formations ringed the mountain for more than a hundred li. The emperor asked He Zhizhang, Vice Minister of Rites, "Why were the texts inscribed on the jade tablets kept secret in past ages?" He answered, "Some emperors sought immortality in secret and did not want others to read them." The emperor said, "I seek blessings only for the common people." He then displayed the jade tablet and read its text aloud to the assembled ministers. On gengyin Emperor Xuanzong sacrificed to August Heaven on the summit, while the ministers offered to the Five Emperors and the myriad spirits at the altar below; The remaining ceremonies followed the precedents of the Qianfeng fengshan of 666. On xinmao he sacrificed to Imperial Earth at Sheshou. On renchen he held court in the tent-palace, received homage, pardoned the empire, and enfeoffed the spirit of Mount Tai as King Tianqi with ceremonial rank one grade above the Three Dukes.
156
張說多引兩省吏及以所親攝官登山。 禮畢推恩，往往加階超入五品而不及百官； 中書舍人張九齡諫，不聽。 又，扈從士卒，但加勳而無賜物，由是中外怨之。
Zhang Yue brought many clerks from the two secretariats and numerous personal appointees up the mountain with him. After the rites he distributed favor: many were promoted straight into fifth rank while the regular officials were passed over; Zhang Jiuling, a drafting officer of the Secretariat, remonstrated in vain. The escort troops received only merit citations and no gifts, and resentment spread through court and camp alike.
157
初，隋末，國馬皆為盜賊及戎狄所掠，唐初才得牝牡三千匹於赤岸澤，徙之隴右，命太僕張萬歲掌之。 萬歲善於其職，自貞觀至麟德，馬蕃息及七十萬匹，分為八坊、四十八監，各置使以領之。 是時天下以一縑易一馬。 垂拱以後，馬潛耗太半。 上初即位，牧馬有二十四萬匹，以太僕卿王毛仲為內外閒廄使，少卿張景順副之。 至是有馬四十三萬匹，牛羊稱是。 上之東封，以牧馬數萬匹從，色別為群，望之如雲錦。 上嘉毛仲之功，癸巳，加毛仲開府儀同三司。
At the end of the Sui, bandits and barbarians had carried off nearly every state horse; early Tang recovered only three thousand broodmares and stallions from Chianze Marsh and moved them to Longyou under Grand Master of the Stud Zhang Wansui. Wansui excelled in the post; from the Zhenguan era to Longde the herds grew to seven hundred thousand head, organized into eight wards and forty-eight pastures each under its own commissioner. At that time a bolt of silk could buy a horse anywhere in the realm. After the Chuigong era the herds quietly dwindled by more than half. When Emperor Xuanzong first took the throne there were two hundred forty thousand pastured horses; he made Grand Master of the Stud Wang Maochong commissioner of the inner and outer stud farms, with Vice Master Zhang Jingshun as his deputy. By now the herds had grown to four hundred thirty thousand horses, with cattle and sheep in proportion. For the eastern fengshan tens of thousands of pastured horses followed, grouped by color—a spectacle like brocade clouds on the plain. The emperor praised Wang Maochong's achievement; on guisi he was promoted to Grand Master Consultant, Honorary Three Excellencies.
158
甲午，車駕發泰山； 庚申，幸孔子宅致祭。
On jiawu the imperial procession left Mount Tai; on gengshen he visited Confucius's residence and offered sacrifice.
159
上還，至宋州，宴從官於樓上，刺史寇泚預焉。 酒酣，上謂張說曰：「向者屢遣使臣分巡諸道，察吏善惡，今因封禪歷諸州，乃知使臣負我多矣。 懷州刺史王丘，餼牽之外，一無他獻。 魏州刺史崔沔，供張無錦繡，示我以儉。 濟州刺史斐耀卿，表數百言，莫非規諫，且曰：『人或重擾，則不足以告成。』 朕常置之坐隅，且以戒左右。 如三人者，不勞人以市恩，真良吏矣！」 顧謂寇泚曰：「比亦屢有以酒饌不豐訴於朕者，知卿不借譽於左右也。」 自舉酒賜之。 宰臣帥群臣起賀，樓上皆稱萬歲。 由是以丘為尚書左丞，沔為散騎侍郎，耀卿為定州刺史。 耀卿，叔業之七世孫也。
On the return journey Emperor Xuanzong reached Song Prefecture and feasted his entourage on a pavilion; Prefect Kou Ci was present. As the wine flowed, the emperor said to Zhang Yue, "I have often sent commissioners to tour the circuits and report on local officials. Passing through these prefectures on the fengshan tour, I see how badly those commissioners have misled me. Wang Qiu, prefect of Huai Prefecture, brought nothing beyond the prescribed sheep and cattle. Cui Yong of Wei Prefecture offered no brocade or embroidery in his supplies—he showed me thrift. Pei Yaoqing of Ji Prefecture sent a memorial of several hundred words, every line admonition; he wrote, 'If the people are badly burdened, success cannot truly be proclaimed to Heaven.' I keep that memorial at my elbow to remind those around me. Men like these three ask nothing of the people to buy favor—they are true good officials!" Turning to Kou Ci he said, "Others have complained to me that the feast here was too plain—I know you did not urge my attendants to praise you." He raised his cup and offered Kou Ci a drink from his own hand. The chief ministers led the court in congratulations, and the pavilion rang with cries of "Long live the emperor!" Wang Qiu was thereupon made Left Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, Cui Yong Regular Attendant of the Right, and Pei Yaoqing prefect of Ding Prefecture. Pei Yaoqing was a seventh-generation descendant of Pei Shuye.
160
十二月，乙巳，還東都。
In the twelfth month, on yisi, the emperor returned to the Eastern Capital.
161
突厥頡利發辭歸，上厚賜而遣之，竟不許婚。
Ashide Bilifa of the Türk took leave to return home; the emperor showered gifts on him and sent him off, but never granted the marriage alliance.
162
王毛仲有寵於上，百官附之者輻湊。 毛仲嫁女，上問何須。 毛仲頓首對曰：「臣萬事已備，但未得客。」 上曰：「張說、源乾曜輩豈不可呼邪？」 對曰：「此則得之。」 上曰：「知汝所不能致者一人耳，必宋璟也。」 對曰：「然。」 上笑曰：「朕明日為汝召客。」 明日，上謂宰相：「朕奴毛仲有婚事，卿等宜與諸達官悉詣其第。」 既而日中，眾客未敢舉箸，待璟。 久之，方至，先執酒西向拜謝，飲不盡卮，遽稱腹痛而歸。 璟之剛直，老而彌篤。
Wang Maochong enjoyed the emperor's favor, and officials flocked to his side. When Wang Maochong was marrying off his daughter, the emperor asked what he still lacked. Wang Maochong kowtowed and said, "Your servant has arranged everything—except guests." The emperor said, "Cannot men like Zhang Yue and Yuan Qianyao be summoned?" He answered, "Those I can get." The emperor said, "I know there is one man you cannot bring—and that must be Song Jing." He answered, "Exactly so." The emperor laughed and said, "Tomorrow I shall summon your guests for you." The next day he told the chief ministers, "My servant Maochong is holding a wedding—you and all the senior officials should attend his house." By midday the guests had not dared touch their food, waiting for Song Jing. At last Song Jing arrived; he raised a cup, bowed westward in apology, drank without finishing, then abruptly pleaded stomach pain and left. Song Jing's integrity only hardened with age.
163
先是，契丹王李吐乾與可突干復相猜忌，攜公主來奔，不敢復還，更封遼陽王，留宿衛； 可突干立李盡忠之弟邵固為主。 車駕東巡，邵固詣行在，因從至泰山，拜左羽林大將軍、靜折軍經略大使。
Earlier the Khitan king Li Tugan and Ketugan had grown mutually suspicious; Tugan fled to court with the princess given him in marriage, dared not return, was re-enfeoffed as King of Liaoyang, and kept on palace guard duty; Ketugan installed Shaogu, younger brother of Li Jinzhong, as khagan. During the eastern tour Shaogu came to the imperial camp, followed the procession to Mount Tai, and was appointed Left General of the Feathered Forest and commissioner for the Jingzhe Army.
164
上疑吏部選試不公，時選期已迫，御史中丞宇文融密奏，請分吏部為十銓。 甲戌，以禮部尚書蘇頲等十人掌吏部選，試判將畢，遽召入禁中決定，吏部尚書、侍郎皆不得預。 左遮子吳兢上表，以為：「陛下曲受讒言，不信有司，非居上臨人推誠感物之道。 昔陳平、邴吉，漢之宰相，尚不對錢谷之數，不問斗死之人； 況大唐萬乘之君，豈得下行銓選之事乎？ 凡選人書判，並請委之有司，停此十銓。」 上雖不即從，明年復故。
Emperor Xuanzong suspected bias in the Ministry of Personnel examinations; with the selection deadline near, Censor-in-Chief Yuwen Rong secretly proposed splitting the ministry into ten selection boards. On jiaxu Su Ting, Minister of Rites, and nine others—ten men in all—took charge of personnel selection; when the written examinations were nearly done they were summoned into the palace to decide appointments, and the minister and vice ministers of Personnel were excluded. Remonstrance Officer Wu Jing memorialized: "Your Majesty has heedlessly accepted slander and lost faith in the responsible offices—that is not how a ruler above others wins loyalty through sincerity. Even Chen Ping and Bing Ji, chancellors of Han, would not tally tax receipts or ask how many people died of famine in the fields; how much less should the sovereign of Great Tang descend to grading examination papers? Leave all candidates' written examinations to the proper offices and abolish these ten boards." The emperor did not agree at once, but the following year the old system was restored.
165
是歲，東都斗米十五錢，青、齊五錢，粟三錢。
That year rice in the Eastern Capital sold for fifteen cash per dou; in Qing and Qi prefectures, five cash; millet, three cash.
166
于闐王尉遲眺陰結突厥及諸胡謀叛，安西副大都護杜暹發兵捕斬之，更為立王。
Yuchi Tiao, king of Khotan, secretly conspired with the Türks and other frontier peoples to rebel; Du Xian, deputy protector-general of Anxi, marched against him, executed him, and set up a new king.