1
資治通鑑第239卷
Volume 239 of the Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance.
2
【唐紀五十五】起玄黓執徐十月，盡柔兆涒灘，凡四年有奇。
[Tang Records 55] From the tenth month of the Xuanchen Zhixu cycle-year through Rouzhao Tuoshan, spanning a little more than four years.
3
憲宗昭文章武大至聖神孝皇帝中之上元和七年（ 壬辰，公元八一二年）
Emperor Xianzong of Tang, middle reign, upper section, seventh year of the Yuanhe era ( Renchen, AD 812).
4
冬，十月，乙未，魏博監軍以狀聞，上亟召宰相，謂李絳曰：「卿揣魏博若符契。」 李吉甫請遣中使宣慰以觀其變，李絳曰：「不可。 今田興奉其土地兵眾，坐待詔命，不乘此際推心撫納，結以大恩，必待敕使至彼，持將士表來為請節鉞，然後與之，則是恩出於下，非出於上，將士為重，朝廷為輕，其感戴之心亦非今日之比也。 機會一失，悔之無及！」 吉甫素與樞密使梁守謙相結，守謙亦為之言於上曰：「故事，皆遣中使宣勞，今此鎮獨無，恐更不諭。」 上竟遣中使張忠順如魏博宣慰，欲俟其還而議之。 癸卯，李絳復上言：「朝廷恩威得失，在此一舉，時機可惜，奈何棄之！ 利害甚明，願聖心勿疑。 計忠順之行，甫應過陝，乞明旦即降白麻除興節度使，猶可及也。」 上欲且除留後，絳曰：「興恭順如此，自非恩出不次，則無以使之感激殊常。」 上從之。 甲辰，以興為魏博節度使。 忠順未還，制命已至魏州。 興感恩流涕，士眾無不鼓舞。
In winter, in the tenth month, on the day Yiwei, the Weibo army supervisor reported the situation to court. The emperor immediately summoned his chief ministers and told Li Jiang, "Your forecast for Weibo has proved exact." Li Jifu urged sending a palace envoy to proclaim consolation and watch how events unfolded. Li Jiang replied, "That must not be done. Tian Xing has now surrendered his land and army and waits only for the throne's command. If we fail to meet him with wholehearted reassurance and bind him with exceptional grace at this moment, and instead wait until an imperial envoy reaches Weibo and the officers submit a petition asking for the command seal before we grant it, the favor will seem to rise from the ranks rather than from the throne. The soldiers will matter more than the court, and their loyalty will fall far short of what it could be now. Let this chance slip once, and there will be no undoing it!" Li Jifu had long been allied with Commissioner of Military Affairs Liang Shouqian, who likewise urged the emperor, "Precedent always calls for a palace envoy to proclaim imperial favor. This circuit alone would receive none; they may fail to understand the court's intent." The emperor nevertheless sent the palace envoy Zhang Zhongshun to Weibo to proclaim consolation, planning to decide the matter after his return. On the day Guimao, Li Jiang memorialized again: "The court's standing for grace and authority rests on this one decision. The moment is too precious to squander—why abandon it! The stakes are plain. I beg Your Majesty not to hesitate. Zhongshun's party should just now be passing Shaan. I ask that tomorrow morning an edict on white hemp appoint Tian Xing military commissioner of Weibo—it may still arrive in time." The emperor wanted first to name him acting commissioner. Jiang said, "Xing has shown such deference that only an extraordinary grant of favor will move him to uncommon gratitude." The emperor agreed. On the day Jiachen, Tian Xing was appointed military commissioner of Weibo. Before Zhongshun returned, the imperial appointment had already reached Weizhou. Xing wept with gratitude, and officers and soldiers alike were jubilant.
5
庚戌，更名皇子寬曰惲，察曰悰，寰曰忻，寮曰悟，審曰恪。 李絳又言：「魏博五十餘年不沾皇化，一旦舉六州之地來歸，刳河朔之腹心，傾叛亂之巢穴，不有重賞過其所望，則無以慰士卒之心，使四鄰勸慕。 請發內庫錢百五十萬緡以賜之。」 左右宦官以為「所與太多，後有此比，將何以給之？」 上以語絳，絳曰：「田興不貪專地之利，不顧四鄰之患，歸命聖朝，陛下奈何愛小費而遺大計，不以收一道人心！ 錢用盡更來，機事一失不可復追。 借使國家發十五萬兵以取六州，期年而克之，其費豈止百五十萬緡而已乎！」 上悅，曰：「朕所以惡衣菲食，蓄聚貨財，正為欲平定四方； 不然，徒貯之府庫何為！」 十一月，辛酉，遣知制誥裴度至魏博宣慰，以錢百五十萬緡賞軍士，六州百姓給復一年。 軍士受賜，歡聲如雷。 成德、兗鄆使者數輩見之，相顧失色，歎曰：「倔強者果何益乎！」 度為興陳君臣上下之義，興聽之，終夕不倦，待度禮極厚，請度遍至所部州縣，宣佈朝命。 奏乞除節度副使於朝廷，詔以戶部郎中河東胡證為之。 興又奏所部缺官九十員，請有司注擬，行朝廷法令，輸賦稅。 田承嗣以來室屋僭侈者，皆避不居。 鄆、蔡、恆遣遊客間說百方，興終不聽。 李師道使人謂宣武節度使韓弘曰：「我世與田氏約相保援，今興非其族，又首變兩河事，亦公之所惡也！ 我將與成德合軍討之！」 弘曰：「我不知利害，知奉詔行事耳。 若兵北渡河，我則以兵東取曹州！」 師道懼，不敢動。
On the day Gengxu, several imperial princes were given new names: Kuan became Yun, Cha became Cong, Huan became Xin, Liao became Wu, and Shen became Ke. Li Jiang added, "Weibo has gone more than fifty years without imperial rule. Now it has surrendered six prefectures at once, gutting the heart of Hebei and toppling a rebel stronghold. Unless we grant a reward greater than they dare hope for, we cannot satisfy the troops or inspire neighboring circuits to follow their example. I ask that one million five hundred thousand strings of cash from the inner treasury be granted to them." The eunuchs around the emperor objected, "That is too much. If others follow this example, how will the treasury meet the demand?" The emperor repeated this to Jiang. Jiang replied, "Tian Xing did not cling to private gain from his domain or fear the enmity of his neighbors, but submitted to the throne. How can Your Majesty stint on a modest sum and forfeit a great design—how can you fail to win the loyalty of an entire circuit! Money spent can be replaced; a lost opportunity cannot be recovered. Suppose the court sent a hundred fifty thousand men to seize those six prefectures and took a year to conquer them—the cost would far exceed one million five hundred thousand strings of cash!" The emperor was pleased and said, "I wear plain clothes and eat frugally and hoard treasure precisely so I may pacify the realm; otherwise, what purpose would mere hoarding in the treasury serve!" In the eleventh month, on the day Xinyou, Pei Du, drafter of edicts, was sent to Weibo to proclaim consolation, bearing one million five hundred thousand strings of cash to reward the army and a one-year tax exemption for the people of the six prefectures. When the soldiers received the reward, their cheers rolled like thunder. Envoys from Chengde and Yan-Yun who witnessed it exchanged dismayed glances and sighed, "What good does defiance really bring!" Pei Du explained to Xing the duties of ruler and subject. Xing listened through the night without weariness, honored Du with exceptional ceremony, and asked him to visit every prefecture and county in his domain to proclaim the court's commands. He asked the court to appoint a deputy military commissioner; the throne named Hu Zheng of Hedong, director in the Ministry of Revenue, to the post. Xing also reported ninety vacant offices in his circuit and asked the central ministries to fill them, enforce imperial law, and collect taxes. He refused to live in the lavish residences built since Tian Chengsi's day. Yan, Cai, and Heng sent agents to win him over by every persuasion, but Xing would not heed them. Li Shidao sent a messenger to Xuanwu military commissioner Han Hong: "My house and the Tian clan have for generations pledged mutual aid. Xing is not of their line, and he was first to break the Two Hebei compact—surely you despise this as well! I will join Chengde in a punitive campaign against him!" Hong replied, "I do not weigh gain and loss—I know only to obey the throne's command. If your army crosses the Yellow River northward, I will march east and seize Caozhou!" Shidao was frightened and did not dare act.
6
田興既葬田季安，送田懷諫於京師。 辛已，以懷諫為右監門衛將軍。
After burying Tian Ji'an, Tian Xing sent Tian Huaijian to the capital. On the day Xinsi, Huaijian was appointed a general of the Right Directorate of Gate Guards.
7
李絳奏振武、天德左右良田可萬頃，請擇能吏開置營田，可以省費足食，上從之。 絳命度支使盧坦經度用度，四年之間，開田四千八百頃，收谷四千餘萬斛，歲省度支錢二十餘萬緡，邊防賴之。
Li Jiang reported that some ten thousand qing of fertile land lay near Zhenwu and Tiande and asked that capable officials be chosen to establish military colonies, saving costs while securing provisions. The emperor agreed. Jiang put revenue commissioner Lu Tan in charge. Within four years they opened forty-eight hundred qing of fields, harvested more than forty million hu of grain, and saved over two hundred thousand strings from the revenue budget annually—the border garrisons depended on it.
8
上嘗於延英謂宰相曰：「卿輩當為朕惜官，勿用之私親故。」 李吉甫、權德輿皆謝不敢。 李絳曰：「崔祐甫月言，『非親非故，不諳其才。』 諳者尚不與官，不諳者何敢復與！ 但問其才器與官相稱否耳。 若避親故之嫌，使聖朝虧多士之美，此乃偷安之臣，非至公之道也。 苟所用非其人，則朝廷自有典刑，誰敢逃之！」 上曰：「誠如卿言。」
At Yanying Hall the emperor once told his chief ministers, "You should guard imperial offices for me and not fill them with your private kin and friends." Li Jifu and Quan Deyu both apologized and vowed they would not. Li Jiang said, "Cui Youfu used to say each month, 'If they are neither kin nor old acquaintance, I do not know their ability. Even those he knew he would not appoint—how would he dare appoint those he did not know! One need only ask whether talent and office are well matched. To shun the appearance of nepotism and thereby deprive the court of able men is the way of a minister who seeks only his own comfort, not of true impartiality. If the wrong man is appointed, the court has its laws—who can escape them!" The emperor said, "You speak the truth."
9
是歲，吐蕃寇涇州，及西門之外，驅掠人畜而去。 上患之，李絳上言：「京西、京北皆有神策鎮兵，始，置之欲以備御葉蕃，使與節度使掎角相應也。 今則鮮衣美食，坐耗縣官，每有寇至，節度使邀與俱進，則雲申取中尉處分； 比得其報，虜去遠矣。 縱有果銳之將，聞命奔赴，節度使無刑戮以相制之，相視平交，左右前卻，莫肯用命，何所益乎！ 請據所在之地士馬及衣糧、器械皆割隸當道節度使，使號令齊壹，如臂之使指，則軍威大振，虜不敢入寇矣。」 上曰：「朕不知舊事如此，當亟行之。」 既而神策軍驕恣日久，不樂隸節度使，竟為宦者所沮而止。
That year Tibetans raided Jing Prefecture, reaching beyond the western gate, and drove off people and livestock before withdrawing. The emperor was alarmed. Li Jiang memorialized: "West and north of the capital both host Shence Army garrisons, originally posted to guard against Tibet and coordinate with the frontier commissioners in mutual support. Now they dress richly, eat well, and drain the treasury while doing nothing. When raiders appear and a commissioner invites them to march together, they say they must await orders from the chief eunuch; by the time permission arrives, the enemy is long gone. Even bold commanders who hurry to obey cannot be controlled—the commissioner lacks power to punish them. They meet as equals, advance or hold back as they please, and refuse unified command. What good does this do! I ask that wherever they are posted, their men, horses, supplies, and arms be placed under the local military commissioner so orders run as one, like the arm directing the fingers. Military prestige would soar and raiders would not dare cross the border." The emperor said, "I did not know matters stood thus. This must be done at once." In time the Shence Army, long accustomed to arrogance, refused subordination to commissioners, and eunuchs blocked the reform until it was abandoned.
10
憲宗昭文章武犬至至神孝皇帝中之上元和八年（ 癸巳，公元八一三年）
Emperor Xianzong of Tang, middle reign, upper section, eighth year of the Yuanhe era ( Guisi, AD 813).
11
春，正月，癸亥，以博州刺史田融為相州刺史。 融，興之兄也。 融、興幼孤，融長，養而教之。 興嘗於軍中角射，一軍莫及。 融退而抶之曰：「爾不自晦，禍將及矣！」 故興能自全於猜暴之時。
In spring, in the first month, on the day Guihai, Tian Rong, prefect of Bozhou, was appointed prefect of Xiangzhou. Rong was Xing's elder brother. Rong and Xing were orphaned young; as the elder brother, Rong raised and taught him. Xing once competed in archery before the army, and none in the host could match him. Rong withdrew and thrashed him, saying, "If you do not conceal your talent, disaster will find you!" Thus Xing survived an age of suspicion and brutality.
12
勃海定王元瑜卒，弟言義權知國務。 庚午，以言義為勃海王。
Yuan Yu, King Ding of Bohai, died; his younger brother Yanyi assumed temporary control of the realm. On the day Gengwu, Yanyi was enthroned as King of Bohai.
13
李吉甫、李絳數爭論於上前，禮部尚書、同平章事權德輿居中無所可否，上鄙之。 辛未，德輿罷守本官。
Li Jifu and Li Jiang often quarreled before the throne. Quan Deyu, Minister of Rites and associate chief minister, would neither agree nor disagree, and the emperor held him in contempt. On the day Xinwei, Deyu was removed from the chief ministry and kept only his original post.
14
辛卯，賜魏博節度使田興名弘正。
On the day Xinmao, Weibo military commissioner Tian Xing was granted the name Hongzheng.
15
司空、同平章事-{于}-頔久留長安，鬱鬱不得志。 有梁正言者，自言與樞密使梁守謙同宗，能為人屬請，頔使其子太常丞敏重賂正言，求出鎮。 久之，正言詐漸露，敏索其賂不得，誘其奴，支解之，棄溷中。 事覺，頔帥其子殿中少監季友等素服詣建福門請罪，門者不內。 退，負南牆而立，遣人上表，閣門以無印引不受。 日暮方歸，明日，復至。 丁酉，頔左授恩王傅，仍絕朝謁。 敏流雷州，季友等皆貶官，僮奴死者數人。 敏至秦嶺而死。 事連僧鑒虛。 鑒虛自貞元以來，以財交權幸，受方鎮賂遺，厚自奉養，吏不敢詰。 至是，權幸爭為之言，上欲釋之，中丞薛存誠不可。 上遣中使詣台宣旨曰：「朕欲面詰此僧，非釋之也。」 存誠對曰：「陛下必欲面釋此僧，請先殺臣，然後取之，不然，臣期不奉詔。」 上嘉而從之。 三月，丙辰，杖殺鑒虛，沒其所有之財。
Yu Di, Grand Minister of Works and associate chief minister, had long lingered in Chang'an, frustrated and without advancement. A man named Liang Zhengyan claimed kinship with Commissioner of Military Affairs Liang Shouqian and boasted he could secure favors. Di had his son Min, a director in the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, lavishly bribe Zhengyan to obtain a frontier command. In time Zhengyan's fraud surfaced. Min demanded his bribe back in vain, then lured Zhengyan's servant, dismembered him, and dumped the body in a privy. When the affair was exposed, Di led his son Jiyou, vice director of the palace domestic service, and others in plain dress to Jianfu Gate to plead guilt, but the gatekeepers refused them entry. They withdrew and stood with their backs to the southern wall, sent up a memorial, but the Gatekeepers' Office refused it for lack of the proper seal and citation. They returned only at dusk and came again the next day. On the day Dingyou, Di was demoted to tutor of the Prince of En and barred from court audiences. Min was exiled to Leizhou; Jiyou and others were demoted; several servants were executed. Min died on the road at the Qin Mountains. The case also implicated the monk Jianxu. Since the Zhenyuan era Jianxu had used money to court the powerful, accepted bribes from frontier commissioners, and lived in opulence; officials dared not investigate. Now the powerful all pleaded for him; the emperor wished to release him, but censor-in-chief Xue Chengcheng refused. The emperor sent a palace envoy to the Censorate with this order: "I wish to question this monk in person; I am not releasing him." Chengcheng replied, "If Your Majesty insists on releasing this monk in person, kill me first, then take him—otherwise I will not obey the edict." The emperor praised him and agreed. In the third month, on the day Bingchen, Jianxu was beaten to death and all his property was confiscated.
16
甲子，征前西川節度使、同平章事武元衡入知政事。
On the day Jiazi, former Xichuan military commissioner and associate chief minister Wu Yuanheng was recalled to the chief ministry.
17
夏，六月，大水。 上以為陰盈之象，辛丑，出宮人二百車。
In summer, in the sixth month, severe flooding struck. The emperor took this as a sign of excessive yin; on the day Xinchou he released two hundred cartloads of palace women.
18
秋，七月，辛酉，振武節度使李光進請修受降城，兼理河防。 時受降城為河所毀，李吉甫請徙其徒於天德故城，李絳及戶部侍郎盧坦以為：「受降城，張仁願所築，當磧口，據虜要衝，美水草，守邊之利也。 今避河患，退二三里可矣，奈何捨萬代永安之策，徇一時省費之便乎！ 況天德故城僻處確瘠，去河絕遠，烽候警急不相應接，虜忽唐突，勢無由知，是無故而蹙國二百里也。」 及城使周懷義奏利害，與絳、坦同。 上卒用吉甫策，以受降城騎士隸天德軍。 李絳言於上曰：「邊兵徒有其數而無其實，虛費衣糧，將帥但緣私役使，聚其貨財以結權幸而已，未嘗訓練以備不虞，此不可不於無事之時豫留聖意也。」 時受降城兵籍舊四百人，及天德軍交兵，止有五十人，器械止有一弓，自餘稱是。 故絳言及之。 上驚曰：「邊兵乃如是其虛邪！ 卿曹當加按閱。」 會絳罷相而止。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on the day Xinyou, Zhenwu military commissioner Li Guangjin asked to rebuild Shouxiang City and manage river defenses. Shouxiang City had been destroyed by the river. Li Jifu urged moving the garrison to the old Tiande site. Li Jiang and Vice Minister of Revenue Lu Tan argued: "Shouxiang City was built by Zhang Renyuan. It stands at the desert pass on the enemy's vital route, with good pasture and water—a key to border defense. To escape the river, shifting two or three li would suffice—why abandon a strategy for lasting security for a moment's savings! Moreover the old Tiande site is remote and barren, far from the river; beacon lines could not relay alarms; sudden raids would go unseen—for no reason we would surrender two hundred li of territory." City commissioner Zhou Huaiyi memorialized on the merits, agreeing with Jiang and Tan. The emperor ultimately adopted Jifu's plan and transferred Shouxiang City's cavalry to the Tiande Army. Li Jiang told the emperor, "Border forces exist on paper but not in fact, wasting supplies in vain. Commanders use them for private errands and hoard wealth to court the powerful, never training them for emergencies. Your Majesty must keep this in mind while peace still holds. At the time, Shouxiang City's rolls had listed four hundred soldiers, but after its troops were merged with the Tiande Army only fifty remained, with a single bow among their arms; everything else existed on paper alone. That is why Jiang raised the point. The emperor exclaimed in alarm, "Our border forces are empty to this degree! You ministers must tighten inspections and reviews." The initiative stopped, however, when Jiang left the chancellorship.
19
乙巳，廢天威軍，以其眾隸神策軍。 丁未，辰、漵州賊帥張伯靖請降。 九月，辛亥，以伯靖為歸州司馬，委荊南軍前驅使。
On yisi, the Tianwei Army was abolished and its men assigned to the Shence Army. On dingwei, Zhang Bojing, the rebel leader in Chen and Xu prefectures, offered to surrender. In the ninth month, on xinhai, Bojing was appointed Sima of Guizhou and assigned as vanguard envoy to the Jingnan forces.
20
初，吐蕃欲作烏蘭橋，先貯材於河側，朔方潛遣人投之於河，終不能成。 虜知朔方、靈鹽節度使王佖貪，先厚賂之，然後並力成橋，仍築月城守之。 自是朔方禦寇不暇。
Earlier, the Tibetans had planned to build the Wulan Bridge and stockpiled timber on the riverbank, but Shuofang secretly sent men to cast the materials into the river, and the bridge was never completed. The Tibetans knew that Wang Zhi, commissioner of Shuofang and Lingyan, was corrupt; they bribed him lavishly first, then finished the bridge together and built a crescent rampart to hold it. From then on Shuofang could scarcely keep up with border defense.
21
冬，十月，回鶻發兵度磧南，自柳谷西擊吐蕃。 壬寅，振武、天德軍奏回鶻數吉騎至辟鳥弟鳥泉，邊軍戒嚴。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Uyghurs crossed the desert's southern edge and struck Tibet from the west through Willow Valley. On renyin, the Zhenwu and Tiande armies reported several thousand Uyghur horsemen at Biniaodi Bird Spring, and the frontier forces stood to arms.
22
振武節度使李進賢，不恤士卒。 判官嚴澈，綬之子也，以刻核得幸於進賢。 進賢使牙將楊遵憲將五百騎趣東受降城以備回鶻，所給資裝多虛估。 至鳴沙，遵憲屋處而士卒暴露。 眾發怒，夜，聚薪環其屋而焚之，卷甲而還。 庚寅夜，焚門，攻進賢，進賢逾城走，軍士屠其家，並殺嚴澈。 進賢奔靜邊軍。
The Zhenwu commissioner Li Jinxian showed no concern for his troops. His aide Yan Che, a son of the Shou clan, won Jinxian's favor through relentless severity. Jinxian sent his staff general Yang Zunxian with five hundred horsemen to East Shouxiang City against the Uyghurs, but most of the supplies issued were fraudulently overvalued. At Mingsha, Zunxian took shelter in buildings while his men camped in the open. The troops erupted in fury; that night they heaped fuel around his quarters and set them ablaze, then marched back in arms. On the night of gengyin they torched the gate and assaulted Jinxian, who fled over the wall; the mutineers massacred his family and killed Yan Che as well. Jinxian escaped to the Jingbian Army.
23
群臣累表請立德妃郭氏為皇后。 上以妃門宗強盛，恐正位之後，後宮莫得進，托以歲時禁忌，竟不許。
The ministers repeatedly petitioned to make Worthy Consort Guo empress. The emperor feared that once she took the throne's side, her powerful Guo clan would shut other women out of the palace; citing seasonal taboos, he refused.
24
丁酉，振武監軍駱朝寬奏亂兵已定，請給將士衣。 上怒，以夏綏節度使張煦為振武節度使，將夏州兵二千赴鎮，仍命河東節度使王鍔以兵二千納之，聽以便宜從事。 駱朝寬歸罪於其將蘇若方而殺之。
On dingyou, the Zhenwu army supervisor Luo Chaokuan reported the mutiny suppressed and asked for uniforms for the troops. Enraged, the emperor named the Xia-Sui commissioner Zhang Xu commissioner of Zhenwu and sent two thousand Xiazhou troops with him to take command; he also ordered the Hedong commissioner Wang E to escort him with two thousand more men and act at his own discretion. Luo Chaokuan blamed his general Su Ruofang and had him executed.
25
發鄭滑、魏博卒鑿黎陽古河十四里，以紓滑州水患。
Soldiers from Zheng-Hua and Weibo were sent to reopen fourteen li of the old Liyang canal to ease flooding in Huazhou.
26
上問宰相：「人言外間朋黨大盛，何也？」 李絳對曰：「自古人君所甚惡者，莫若人臣為朋黨，故小人譖君子者必曰朋黨。 何則？ 朋黨言之則可惡，尋之則無跡故也。 東漢之末，凡天下賢人君子，宦官皆謂之黨人而禁錮之，遂以亡國。 此皆群小欲害善人之言，願陛下深察之！ 夫君子固與君子合，豈可必使之與小人合，然後謂之非黨邪！」
The emperor asked his chief ministers, "People say factionalism is rampant at court—why is that?" Li Jiang answered, "Since antiquity nothing has disgusted rulers more than ministers banding into factions, which is why petty men slandering gentlemen always cry 'faction. Why? The charge sounds damning, yet no evidence can be found. At the end of the Eastern Han, eunuchs labeled every worthy man in the realm a faction member and imprisoned them until the dynasty fell. These are the words of petty men who wish to destroy the good; I beg Your Majesty to see through them! Gentlemen naturally stand with gentlemen—must they ally with petty men before we call them free of faction?"
27
憲宗昭文章武犬至至神孝皇帝中之上元和九年（ 甲午，公元八一四年）
Emperor Xianzong of Tang, middle reign, upper section, ninth year of the Yuanhe era ( Jiawu, AD 814).
28
春，正月，甲戌，王鍔遣兵五千餘張煦於善羊柵。 乙亥，煦入單于都擴府，誅亂者蘇國珍等二百五十三人。 二月，丁丑，貶李進賢為通州刺史。 甲午，駱朝寬坐縱亂者，杖之八十，奪色，配役定陵。
In spring, in the first month, on jiaxu, Wang E sent more than five thousand troops to Zhang Xu at Shanyang Stockade. On yihai, Xu entered the Chanyu Protectorate headquarters and executed Su Guozhen and two hundred fifty-three other mutineers. In the second month, on dingchou, Li Jinxian was demoted to prefect of Tongzhou. On jiawu, Luo Chaokuan was punished for allowing the mutiny: given eighty strokes, stripped of his official rank, and sent to penal labor at Dingling.
29
李絳屢以足疾辭位。 癸卯，罷為禮部尚書。 初，上欲相絳，先出吐突承璀為淮南監軍，至是，上召還承璀，先罷絳相。 甲辰，承璀至京師，復以為弓箭庫使、左神策中尉。
Li Jiang repeatedly asked to resign, citing a foot ailment. On guimao, he was removed from the chancellorship and made Minister of Rites. Earlier, when the emperor had wanted to appoint Jiang chancellor, he had first posted Tu Tu Chengcui to Huainan as army supervisor; now he recalled Chengcui and removed Jiang from office first. On jiachen, Chengcui reached the capital and was restored as commissioner of the Bow and Arrow Store and commandant of the Left Shence Army.
30
李吉甫奏：「國家舊置六胡州於靈、鹽之境，開元中廢之，更置宥州以領降戶，天寶中，宥州寄理於經略軍，寶應以來，因循遂廢。 今請復之，以備回鶻，撫党項。」 上從之，夏，五月，庚申，復置宥州，理經略軍，取鄜城神策屯兵九千以實之。 先是，回鶻屢請婚，朝廷以公主出降，其費甚廣，故未之許。 禮部尚書李絳上言，以為：「回鶻凶強，不可無備； 淮西窮蹙，事要經營。 今江、淮大縣，歲所入賦有二十萬緡者，足以備降主之費，陛下何愛一縣之賦，不以羈縻勁虜！ 回鶻若得許婚，必喜而無猜，然後可以修城塹，蓄甲兵，邊備既完，得專意淮西，功必萬全。 今既未降公主而虛弱西城； 磧路無備，更修天德以疑虜心。 萬一北邊有警，則淮西遺丑復延歲月之命矣！ 倘虜騎南牧，國家非步兵三萬，騎五千，則不足以抗禦！ 借使一歲而勝之，其費豈特降主之比哉！」 上不聽。
Li Jifu memorialized, "The court once placed the Six Hu Prefectures in the Lingyan region; the Kaiyuan reign abolished them and re-established Youzhou to govern surrendered tribes. Under Tianbao, Youzhou was administered from the Pacification Army, but since Baoying it had lapsed and been abandoned. I ask that it be restored to guard against the Uyghurs and pacify the Tangut." The emperor agreed; in summer, in the fifth month, on gengshen, Youzhou was restored under the Pacification Army, staffed with nine thousand Shence garrison troops from Yancheng. The Uyghurs had repeatedly sought a marriage alliance, but the court had refused because marrying a princess abroad was ruinously expensive. Minister of Rites Li Jiang argued, "The Uyghurs are fierce and must not be left unwatched; Huai-Xi is cornered and demands a deliberate campaign. Great counties on the Jiang-Huai circuit already yield two hundred thousand strings in annual tax—enough to fund a princess marriage. Why spare one county's revenue rather than buy off a powerful foe? If the Uyghurs win the marriage, they will rejoice and cease to suspect us; then we can repair fortifications, stock arms, and with the frontier secure devote ourselves wholly to Huai-Xi with every chance of success. Yet we have granted no princess and weakened the Huai-Xi campaign; the desert routes lie unprepared while we repair Tiande and stir the barbarians' suspicions. Should the north flare up, the Huai-Xi remnant will win more years of life! If the barbarians drive south, the empire will need thirty thousand infantry and five thousand cavalry merely to hold them! Even a single year's victory would cost far more than a princess bride!" The emperor would not listen.
31
乙丑，桂王綸薨。
On yichou, Prince Lun of Gui died.
32
六月，壬寅，以河中節度使張弘靖為刑部尚書，同平章事。 弘靖，延賞之子也。
In the sixth month, on renyin, the Hezhong commissioner Zhang Hongjing was appointed Minister of Justice and associate grand councillor. Hongjing was a son of Zhang Yanshang.
33
翰林學士獨孤郁，權德輿之婿也。 上歎郁之才美曰：「德輿得婿郁，我反不及邪！」 先是尚主皆取貴戚及勳臣之家，上始命宰相選公卿、大夫子弟文雅可居清貫者，諸家多不願，惟杜佑孫司議郎悰不辭。 秋，七月，戊辰，以悰為殿中少監、駙馬都尉，尚岐陽公主。 公主，上長女，郭妃所生也。 八月，癸巳，成婚。 公主有賢行，杜氏大族，尊行不翅數十人，公主卑委怡順，一同家人禮度，二十餘年，人未嘗以絲發間指為貴驕。 始至，則與悰謀曰：「上所賜奴婢，卒不肯窮屈，奏請納之，悉自市寒賤可制指者。」 自是閨門落然不聞人聲。
The Hanlin academician Dugu Yu was a son-in-law of Quan Deyu. The emperor sighed over Yu's gifts and said, "Deyu won a son-in-law like Yu—am I the one who comes up short?" Formerly, imperial sons-in-law had been drawn from noble and meritorious houses; the emperor now ordered the chief ministers to choose refined sons of high ministers fit for court office. Most families refused, but only Du You's grandson, Remonstrance Officer Cong, accepted. In autumn, in the seventh month, on wuchen, Cong was made vice director of the palace secretariat and imperial son-in-law, and married Princess Qiyang. The princess was the emperor's eldest daughter, born to Consort Guo. In the eighth month, on guisi, the wedding was held. The princess was virtuous; the Du were a great clan with dozens of senior kin, and she was humble and gentle, observing the same household etiquette as any other member. For more than twenty years no one ever accused her of the slightest aristocratic pride. On arriving, she told Cong, "The palace maids the emperor gave us will never bend to hardship; petition to return them and buy only humble servants we can command ourselves." From then on their household was so quiet that scarcely a voice was heard.
34
閏月，丙辰，彰義節度使吳少陽薨。 少陽在蔡州，陰聚亡命，牧養馬騾，時抄掠壽州茶山以實其軍，其子攝蔡州刺史元濟，匿喪，以病聞，自領軍務。
In the intercalary month, on bingchen, the Zhangyi commissioner Wu Shaoyang died. At Caizhou, Shaoyang had secretly gathered outlaws and raised horses and mules, raiding Shouzhou's tea hills to supply his army. His son Yuanji, acting Caizhou prefect, concealed the death, reported illness, and seized military command.
35
上自平蜀，即欲取淮西。 淮南節度使李吉甫上言：「少陽軍中上下攜離，請徙理壽州以經營之。」 會朝廷方討王承宗，未暇也。 及吉甫入相，田弘正以魏博歸附。 吉甫以為汝州扞蔽東都，河陽宿兵，本以制魏博，今弘正歸附。 則河陽為內鎮，不應屯重兵以示猜阻。 辛酉，以河陽節度使烏重胤為汝州刺史，充河陽、懷、汝節度使，徙理汝州。 己巳，弘正檢校右僕射，賜其軍錢二十萬緡，弘正曰：「吾未若移河陽軍之為喜也。」 九月，庚辰，以洺州刺史李光顏為陳州刺史，充忠武都知兵馬使。 以泗州刺史令狐通為壽州防禦使。 通，彰之子也。 丙戌，以山南東道節度使袁滋為荊南節度使，以荊南節度使嚴綬為山南東道節度使。
Ever since pacifying Shu, the emperor had wanted to seize Huai-Xi. The Huainan commissioner Li Jifu argued, "Shaoyang's army is riven from top to bottom; move the headquarters to Shouzhou and work the circuit from there." But the court was busy campaigning against Wang Chengzong and had no time. When Jifu became chancellor, Tian Hongzheng brought Weibo back to the throne. Jifu reasoned that Ruzhou shielded the Eastern Capital and that the Heyang garrison had been posted to restrain Weibo, but Hongzheng was now loyal. Heyang had become an interior circuit and should not keep a heavy garrison that signaled distrust. On xinyou, the Heyang commissioner Wu Chongyin was named prefect of Ruzhou and commissioner of Heyang, Huai, and Ru, with his headquarters moved to Ruzhou. On jisi, Hongzheng was made acting right vice director and his army was granted two hundred thousand strings of cash. He said, "I am less pleased by this gift than by shifting the Heyang garrison." In the ninth month, on gengchen, the Mingzhou prefect Li Guangyan was appointed prefect of Chenzhou and overall commander of Zhongwu forces. The Sizhou prefect Linghu Tong was made defense commissioner of Shouzhou. Tong was a son of Linghu Zhang. On bingxu, the Shannan East commissioner Yuan Zi was transferred to Jingnan, and the Jingnan commissioner Yan Shou to Shannan East.
36
吳少陽判官蘇兆、楊元卿、大將侯惟清皆勸少陽入朝。 元濟惡之，殺兆，囚惟清。 元卿先奏事在長安，具以淮西虛實及取元濟之策告李吉甫，請討之。 時元濟猶匿喪，元卿勸吉甫，凡蔡使入奏者，所在止之。 少陽死近四十日，不為輟朝，但易環蔡諸鎮將帥，益兵為備。 元濟殺元卿妻及四男以圬射堋。 淮西宿將董重質，吳少誠少婿也，元濟以為謀主。
Wu Shaoyang's aides Su Zhao and Yang Yuancheng and his general Hou Weiqing had all urged him to go to court. Yuanji hated them, killed Zhao, and imprisoned Weiqing. Yuancheng had already been at court in Chang'an and told Li Jifu the full truth about Huai-Xi and how to capture Yuanji, urging an expedition. While Yuanji still hid the death, Yuancheng urged Jifu to halt every Cai envoy who tried to report to the throne. Nearly forty days after Shaoyang's death, the court held no mourning audience but rotated commanders around Cai and reinforced the garrisons. Yuanji killed Yuancheng's wife and four sons and used their bodies to repair the archery mound. The Huai-Xi veteran Dong Chongzhi, a son-in-law of Wu Shaoqian, became Yuanji's chief strategist.
37
戊戌，加河東節度使王鍔同平章事。
On wuxu, the Hedong commissioner Wang E was made associate grand councillor.
38
李吉甫言於上曰：「淮西非如河北，四無黨援，國家常宿數十萬兵以備之，勞費不可支也。 失今不取，後難圖矣。」 上將討之，張弘靖請先為少陽輟朝、贈官，遣使吊贈，待其有不順之跡，然後加兵，上從之，遣工部員外郎李君何弔祭。 元濟不迎敕使，發兵四出，屠舞陽，焚葉，掠魯山、襄城，關東震駭，君何不得入而還。
Li Jifu told the emperor, "Unlike Hebei, Huai-Xi has no allies on any side, yet the court keeps hundreds of thousands of troops watching it—a burden we cannot sustain. If we fail to strike now, it will be far harder later." As the emperor prepared to attack, Zhang Hongjing urged mourning rites and posthumous honors first, with envoys sent to condole; only if Yuanji showed defiance should troops move. The emperor agreed and sent Li Junhe of the Ministry of Works to mourn. Yuanji refused the imperial envoy, sent armies in every direction, massacred Wuyang, burned Ye, and raided Lushan and Xiangcheng. The eastern heartland was terrified, and Junhe could not enter and turned back.
39
冬，十月，丙午，中書侍郎、同平章事趙公李吉甫薨。
In winter, in the tenth month, on bingwu, the associate grand councillor and Duke of Zhao, Li Jifu, died.
40
壬戌，以忠武節度副使李光顏為節度使。 甲子，以嚴綬為申、光、蔡招撫使，督諸道兵招討吳元濟，乙丑，命內常侍知省事崔潭峻監其軍。 戊辰，以尚書左丞呂元膺為東都留守。
On renxu, the Zhongwu vice commissioner Li Guangyan was made military commissioner. On jiazi, Yan Shou was named pacification commissioner for Shen, Guang, and Cai to direct the allied armies against Wu Yuanji; on yichou, the inner attendant Cui Tanjun was ordered to oversee the campaign. On wuchen, the left assistant director Lü Yuanying was made regent of the Eastern Capital.
41
党項寇振武。
The Tangut attacked Zhenwu.
42
十二月，戊辰，以尚書右丞韋貫之同平章事。
In the twelfth month, on wuchen, the right assistant director Wei Guanzhi was appointed associate grand councillor.
43
憲宗昭文章武犬至至神孝皇帝中之上元和十年（ 乙未，公元八一五年）
Emperor Xianzong of Tang, middle of reign, upper section, Yuanhe year 10 ( yiwei, AD 815).
44
春，正月，乙酉，加韓弘守司徒。 弘鎮宣武，十餘年不入朝，頗以兵力自負，朝廷亦不以忠純待之。 王鍔加同平章事，弘恥班在其下，與武元衡書，頗露不平之意。 朝廷方倚其形勢以制吳元濟，故遷官，使居鍔上以寵慰之。
In spring, the first month, on yiyou, Han Hong was promoted to defender-in-chief and minister of education. Hong had held Xuanwu for more than a decade without ever coming to court. He took considerable pride in his military power, and the court for its part did not treat him as a man of unquestioned loyalty. When Wang E was made associate grand councillor, Hong was ashamed to rank beneath him and wrote to Wu Yuanheng, making his resentment plain. The court was counting on his strategic position to contain Wu Yuanji, so it promoted him above Wang E to reassure and honor him.
45
吳元濟縱兵侵掠，及於東畿。 己亥，制削元濟官爵，命宣武等十六道進軍討之。 嚴綬擊淮西兵，小勝，不設備，淮西兵夜還襲之。 二月，甲辰，綬敗於磁丘，卻五十餘里，馳入唐州而守之。 壽州團練使令狐通為淮西兵所敗，走保州城，境上諸柵盡為淮西所屠。 癸丑，以左金吾大將軍李文通代之，貶通昭州司戶。 詔鄂岳觀察使柳公綽以兵五千授安州刺史李聽，使討吳元濟。 公綽曰：「朝廷以吾書生不知兵邪！」 即奏請自行，許之。 公綽至安州，李聽屬橐鞬迎之。 公綽以鄂岳都知兵馬使、先鋒行營兵馬都虞候二牒授之，選卒六千以屬聽，戒其部校曰：「行營之事，一決都將。」 聽感恩畏威，如出麾下。 公綽號令整肅，區處軍事，諸將無不服。 士卒在行營者，其家疾病死喪，厚給之，妻淫泆者，沉之於江，士卒皆喜曰：「中丞為我治家，我何得不前死！」 故每戰皆捷。 公綽所乘馬，踶殺圉人，公綽命殺馬以祭之，或曰：「圉人自不備耳，此良馬，可惜！」 公綽曰：「材良性駑，何足惜也！」 竟殺之。
Wu Yuanji's troops raided deep into the eastern capital region. On jihai, an edict stripped Yuanji of rank and ordered sixteen circuits, beginning with Xuanwu, to march against him. Yan Shou struck the Huai-Xi army and won a minor victory, but took no precautions. The Huai-Xi forces returned by night and counterattacked. In the second month, on jiachen, Shou was defeated at Ciqu, fell back more than fifty li, and rode hard into Tang Prefecture to hold the city. Shouzhou militia commissioner Linghu Tong was beaten by the Huai-Xi army and fled into the prefectural seat. Every border stockade in his territory was overrun and destroyed. On guichou, the left Golden Crow Guards general Li Wentong replaced him, and Tong was demoted to registrar of Zhaozhou. The court ordered the E-Yue observation commissioner Liu Gongchuo to give five thousand men to Anzhou prefect Li Ting for the campaign against Wu Yuanji. Gongchuo said, "Does the court think I am only a scholar who knows nothing of war?" He immediately asked to lead the expedition himself, and the request was approved. When Gongchuo reached Anzhou, Li Ting came out with arms sheathed in formal welcome. Gongchuo handed him commissions as E-Yue director of military affairs and vanguard campaign master of ceremonies, detached six thousand troops to his command, and told his officers, "On campaign, the commanding general decides everything." Ting, grateful and overawed, obeyed him as if he had always served under his banner. Gongchuo kept discipline tight, disposed of military business decisively, and won every general's obedience. For men in the field, he gave generously when their families fell ill or mourned the dead, and drowned in the river any wife who took lovers. The troops exclaimed with approval, "The commissioner keeps our households in order—how can we hold back in battle?" From then on they won every fight. A horse Gongchuo was riding kicked its groom to death. Gongchuo ordered the horse slaughtered as an offering to the dead man. Someone protested, "The groom was careless—that was a fine animal, what a waste!" Gongchuo replied, "A gifted beast with a vicious temper—nothing worth sparing there!" He had it killed anyway.
46
河東將劉輔殺豐州刺史燕重旰，王鍔誅之，及其黨。
The Hedong officer Liu Fu murdered Fengzhou prefect Yan Chonggan. Wang E put him and his accomplices to death.
47
王叔文之黨坐謫官者，凡十年不量移，執政有憐其才欲漸進之者，悉召至京師。 諫官爭言其不可，上與武元衡亦惡之。 三月，乙酉，皆以為遠州刺史，官雖進而地益遠。 永州司馬柳宗元為柳州刺史，朗州司馬劉禹錫為播州刺史。 宗元曰：「播州非人所居，而夢得親在堂，萬無母子俱往理。」 欲請於朝，願以柳易播。 會中丞裴度亦為禹錫言曰：「禹錫誠有罪，然母老，與其子為死別，良可傷！」 上曰：「為人子尤當自謹，勿貽親憂，此則禹錫重可責也。」 度曰：「陛下方侍太后，恐禹錫在所宜矜。」 上良久，乃曰：「朕所言，以責為人子者耳，然不欲傷其親心。」 退，謂左右曰：「裴度愛我終切。」 明日，改禹錫連州刺史。 宗元善為文，嘗作《梓人傳》，以為：「梓人不執斧斤刀鋸之技，專以尋引、規矩、繩墨度群木之材，視棟宇之制，相高深、圓方、短長之宜，指麾眾工，各趨其事，不勝任者退之。 大廈既成，則獨名其功，受祿三倍。 亦猶相天下者，立綱紀、整法度，擇天下之士使稱其職，居天下之人使安其業，能者進之，不能者退之，萬國既理，而談者獨稱伊、傅、周、召，其百執事之勤勞不得紀焉。 或者不知體要，衒能矜名，親小勞，侵眾官，聽聽於府庭，而遺其大者遠者，是不知相道者也。」
Members of Wang Shuwen's faction who had been banished had gone ten years without a routine transfer. Some ministers, pitying their talent and hoping to bring them back step by step, summoned them all to Chang'an. Censors protested one after another that this must not be done. The emperor and Wu Yuanheng detested the men as well. In the third month, on yiyou, they were all appointed prefects of remote prefectures—promoted in title, but sent farther away than before. Yongzhou vice-prefect Liu Zongyuan was made prefect of Liuzhou, and Langzhou vice-prefect Liu Yuxi was made prefect of Bozhou. Zongyuan said, "Bozhou is barely fit for human life, and Mengde still has his mother at home—mother and son must never be sent there together." He meant to petition the throne, asking to take Bozhou in Yuxi's place and send Yuxi to Liuzhou instead. Meanwhile Vice Censor Pei Du also pleaded for Yuxi: "He is guilty, no doubt, but his mother is old. To send her son away as though to the grave is heartbreaking!" The emperor replied, "A son above all must guard his conduct and not burden his parents. On that count Yuxi is deeply at fault." Pei Du said, "Your Majesty is himself caring for the empress dowager. Surely Yuxi's case calls for mercy." The emperor was silent a long while, then said, "I spoke to hold him accountable as a son, not to break his mother's heart." Afterward he told his attendants, "Pei Du cares for me to the very end." The next day Yuxi was reassigned to Lianzhou. Zongyuan was a fine writer. In his "Biography of the Master Carpenter" he argued that the master builder does not himself swing axe or saw, but uses line, square, compass, and inked cord to gauge every timber, studies the plan of the hall, judges what suits height, depth, round, square, long, and short, directs the workmen each to his task, and dismisses any who cannot keep pace. When the great hall stands complete, he alone claims the credit and draws triple pay. So too with the man who governs the realm: he sets policy, straightens law, chooses worthy men for their posts and settles the people in their trades, promoting the able and removing the incompetent. When the empire is well ordered, historians praise only Yi Yin, Fu Yue, the Duke of Zhou, and the Duke of Shao, while the daily labor of countless officials goes unmentioned. Others miss the point entirely: they flaunt talent, chase reputation, busy themselves with trifles, meddle in every office, and haunt the courtyard with an ear to every petition while neglecting the great and distant affairs of state. Such a man does not understand what it means to be prime minister."
48
又作《種樹郭橐駝傳》曰：「橐駝之所種，無不生且茂者。 或問之，對曰：「橐駝非能使木壽且孳也。 凡木之性，其根欲舒，其土欲故，既植之，勿動勿慮，去不復顧。 其蒔也若子，其置也若棄，則其天全而性得矣。 它植者則不然，根拳而土易，愛之太恩，憂之太勤，旦視而暮撫，已去而復顧，甚者爪其膚以驗其生枯，搖其本以觀其疏密，而木之性日以離矣。 雖曰愛之，其實害之； 雖曰憂之，其實仇之。 故不我若也！ 為政亦然。 吾居鄉見長人者，好煩其令，若甚憐焉而卒以禍之。 旦幕吏來，聚民而令之，促其耕獲，督其蠶織，吾小人輟饔飧以勞吏之不暇，又何以蕃吾生而安吾性邪！ 凡病且怠，職此故也。」 此其文之有理者也。
He also wrote "Biography of Camel Guo the Tree Planter," observing that every tree Camel Guo planted lived and thrived. Asked how he did it, Camel replied, "I cannot make trees live long or multiply by force. Every tree wants its roots to spread and its native soil left undisturbed. Once it is set in the ground, do not shift it or fuss over it—walk away and do not look back. Treat planting like rearing a child and the setting-down like abandoning something worthless, and heaven's portion is kept whole and the tree's nature fulfilled. Other planters do the opposite: they cramp the roots, change the soil, love too tenderly and worry too constantly, inspect at dawn and pat at dusk, leave and then return. The worst claw the bark to see whether the tree lives or dies and shake the trunk to judge whether it is firm or loose, until the tree's nature is lost day by day. Though they call it love, they are really harming the tree; though they call it care, they are really its enemy. That is why they cannot match me! Governing the people is the same. In the countryside I have watched magistrates who love to multiply orders, as though they deeply pitied the people yet ended by ruining them. Clerks come morning and evening, round up the people, and issue commands—hurry the plowing, hurry the harvest, watch the silkworms, watch the looms. We poor folk skip our meals to wait on officials who never rest. How can our lives grow and our natures find peace? Sickness and exhaustion among the people come chiefly from this." In passages such as these his writing shows real sense.
49
庚子，李光顏奏破淮西兵於臨穎。
On gengzi, Li Guangyan reported a victory over the Huai-Xi army at Linying.
50
田弘正遣其子布將兵三千助嚴綬討吳元濟。
Tian Hongzheng sent his son Bu with three thousand men to reinforce Yan Shou against Wu Yuanji.
51
甲辰，李光顏又奏破淮西兵於南頓。
On jiachen, Li Guangyan reported another victory over the Huai-Xi army at Nandun.
52
吳元濟遣使求救於恆、鄆。 王承宗、李師道數上表請赦元濟，上不從。 是時發諸道兵討元濟而不及淄青，師道使大將將二千人趣壽春，聲言助官軍討元濟，實欲為元濟之援也。 師道素養刺客奸人數十人，厚資給之，其徒說師道曰：「用兵所急，莫先糧儲。 今河陰院積江、淮租賦，請潛往焚之。 募東都惡少年數百，劫都市，焚宮闕，則朝廷未暇討蔡，先自救腹心。 此亦救蔡一奇也。」 師道從之。 自是所在盜賊竊發。 辛亥暮，盜數十人攻河陰轉運院，殺傷十餘人，燒錢帛三十餘萬緡匹、谷二萬餘斛，於是人情恇懼。 群臣多請罷兵，上不許。 諸軍討淮西久未有功，五月，上遣中丞裴度詣行營宣慰，察用兵形勢。 度還，言淮西必可取之狀，且曰：「觀諸將，惟李光顏勇而知義，必能立功。」 上悅。 考功郎中、知制誥韓愈上言，以為：「淮西三小州，殘弊困劇之餘，而當天下之全力，其破敗可立而待。 然所未可知者，在陛下斷與不斷耳。」 因條陳用兵利害，以為：「今諸道發兵各二三千人，勢力單弱，羈旅異鄉，與賊不相諳委，望風懾懼。 將帥以其客兵，待之既薄，使之又苦。 或分割隊伍，兵將相失，心孤意怯，難以有功。 又其本軍各須資遣，道路遼遠，勞費倍多。 聞陳、許、安、唐、汝、壽等州與賊連接處，村落百姓悉有兵器，習於戰鬥，識賊深淺，比來未有處分，猶願自備衣糧，保護鄉里。 若令召募，立可成軍。 賊平之後，易使歸農。 乞悉罷諸道軍，募土人以代之。」 又言：「蔡州士卒皆國家百姓，若勢力窮不能為惡者，不須過有殺戮。」
Wu Yuanji sent envoys to Heng and Yan asking for help. Wang Chengzong and Li Shidao repeatedly petitioned for Yuanji's pardon, but the emperor refused. The empire had mobilized every circuit against Yuanji except Zi-Qing. Shidao sent a senior general with two thousand men toward Shouchun, claiming to help the government campaign, but in fact to reinforce Yuanji. Shidao kept several dozen assassins and ruffians on generous pay. His men urged him, "In war nothing matters more than supplies. The Heyin depot now holds the Yangzi and Huai tax grain. Send men in secret to burn it. Recruit hundreds of ruffians from the Eastern Capital to loot the city and set the palaces ablaze. The court will have no time to finish off Cai before it must save its own heartland. That would be one bold way to save Cai." Shidao agreed. From then on bandits and thieves erupted everywhere. At dusk on xinhai, several dozen raiders struck the Heyin transport depot, killing or wounding more than ten men and burning cash and silk worth over three hundred thousand strings and more than twenty thousand hu of grain. Panic spread through the realm. Many ministers urged him to end the war, but he refused. The Huai-Xi campaign had dragged on without success. In the fifth month the emperor sent Vice Censor Pei Du to the front to encourage the troops and survey the military situation. On his return Pei Du reported that Huai-Xi could certainly be taken and said, "Of all the generals, only Li Guangyan combines courage with a sense of duty. He will win the day." The emperor was pleased. Han Yu, director of the Bureau of Evaluations and drafter of edicts, memorialized that the three small Huai-Xi prefectures, already ruined and exhausted, could not long withstand the full power of the empire. Their collapse was only a matter of time. What remained unknown was whether Your Majesty would see the campaign through." He then laid out the strengths and weaknesses of the current strategy: "Each circuit sends only two or three thousand men—too few to stand alone, strangers far from home, unfamiliar with the enemy, and easily terrified. Their own commanders treat them as hired outsiders, stinting their pay and driving them hard. Units are often split apart so that men lose their officers. Dispirited and afraid, they can accomplish little. Each home army must be supplied from afar, and the cost of transport more than doubles the burden. In Chen, Xu, An, Tang, Ru, Shou, and the other prefectures along the enemy frontier, every village has arms and men trained for fighting who know the rebels well. Though the court has not yet organized them, they are willing to bring their own food and clothing and defend their own districts. If recruited, they could form an army at once. After victory they could easily return to the fields. He asked that all the circuit armies be withdrawn and local men enlisted in their place." He also urged that the men of Caizhou were the emperor's own subjects, and that once resistance collapsed there should be no needless slaughter."
53
丙申，李光顏奏敗淮西兵於時曲。 淮西兵晨壓其壘而陳，光顏不得出，乃自毀其柵之左右，出騎以擊之。 光顏自將數騎沖其陳，出入數四，賊皆識之，矢集其身如□胃毛。 其子攬轡止之，光顏舉刃叱去。 於是人爭致死，淮西兵大潰，殺數千人。 上以裴度為知人。
On bingshen, Li Guangyan reported defeating the Huai-Xi army at Shiqu. At dawn the Huai-Xi army pressed his camp and drew up for battle. Guangyan could not break out until he tore down sections of his own palisade and led his cavalry through the gap. He personally led a handful of horsemen through the enemy line four or five times. The rebels knew him on sight, and arrows clustered on his body thick as a hedgehog's quills. His son caught his bridle to stop him. Guangyan raised his blade and shouted him off. His men then fought as if each meant to die, and the Huai-Xi army broke in rout. Several thousand were killed. The emperor said Pei Du truly knew how to judge men.
54
上自李吉甫薨，悉以用兵事委武元衡。 李師道所養客說李師道曰：「天子所以銳意誅蔡者，元衡贊之也，請密往刺之。 元衡死，則他相不敢主其謀，爭勸天子罷兵矣。」 師道以為然，即資給遣之。
Since Li Jifu's death the emperor had entrusted all military affairs to Wu Yuanheng. One of Li Shidao's retainers urged him, "The emperor is determined to destroy Cai because Yuanheng keeps pressing the war. Send assassins in secret to kill him. Once Yuanheng is dead, no other chief minister will dare lead the war effort, and all will urge the emperor to stop fighting." Shidao agreed, supplied the men, and sent them on their way.
55
王承宗遣牙將尹少卿奏事，為吳元濟遊說。 少卿至中書，辭指不遜，元衡叱出之。 承宗又上書詆毀元衡。
Wang Chengzong sent his adjutant Yin Shaoqing to court to plead Wu Yuanji's case. At the Secretariat Shaoqing spoke insolently. Yuanheng had him driven out. Chengzong followed with a memorial attacking Yuanheng.
56
六月，癸卯，天未明，元衡入朝，出所居靖安坊東門。 有賊自暗中突出射之，從者皆散去，賊執元衡馬行十餘步而殺之，取其顱骨而去。 又入通化坊擊裴度，傷其首，附溝中，度氈帽厚，得不死。 傔人王義自後抱賊大呼，賊斷義臂而去。 京城大駭，於是詔宰相出入，加金吾騎士張弦露刃以衛之，所過坊門呵索甚嚴。 朝士未曉不敢出門。 上或御殿久之，班猶未齊。
In the sixth month, on guimao, before dawn, Yuanheng went to court and left the east gate of his home in Jing'an Ward. Assassins burst from hiding and shot at him. His escort scattered. They seized Yuanheng's horse, rode it a dozen paces, killed him, cut off his skull, and fled. They attacked Pei Du in Tonghua Ward, wounding his head and knocking him into a ditch. His thick felt cap saved his life. His servant Wang Yi seized the assassin from behind and shouted for help. The man hacked off Wang's arm and escaped. The capital erupted in panic. The court ordered armed Jinwu cavalry to escort chief ministers whenever they traveled, bows strung and blades drawn. Every ward gate they passed was searched with brutal thoroughness. Officials would not leave their houses before daybreak. Sometimes the emperor waited on the throne for ages while the court assembly still failed to gather.
57
賊遺紙於金吾及府、縣，曰：「毋急捕我，我先殺汝。」 故捕賊者不敢甚急。 兵部侍郎許孟容見上言：「自古未有宰相橫屍路隅而盜不獲者，此朝廷之辱也！」 因涕泣。 又詣中書揮涕言：「請奏起裴中丞為相，大索賊黨，窮其奸源。」 戊申，詔中外所在搜捕，獲賊者賞錢萬緡，官五品； 敢庇匿者，舉族誅之。 於是京城大索，公卿家有復壁、重橑者皆索之。
The assassins left threatening notes for the Jinwu command and the city offices: "Do not hunt us too hard—we will kill you first. So the manhunt proceeded with maddening caution. Vice Minister of War Xu Mengrong told the emperor, "Never in history has a chief minister lain dead in the street while his killers went free. This is an outrage to the throne! He burst into tears. He went to the Secretariat in tears and urged: "Memorialize to make Vice Censor Pei chief minister. Hunt the assassins to the end and trace this conspiracy to its source. On wushen the throne ordered empire-wide manhunts. Anyone who captured the killers would receive ten thousand strings of cash and a fifth-rank office; anyone who hid them would have his entire clan put to death. Raids swept the capital. Every great house with false walls or double attic floors was torn apart.
58
成德軍進奏院有恆州卒張晏等數人，行止無狀，眾多疑之。 庚戌，神策將軍王士則等告王承宗遣晏等殺元衡。 吏捕得晏等八人，命京兆尹裴武、監察御史陳中師鞫之。 癸亥，詔以王承宗前後三表出示百僚，議其罪。
Several Hengzhou soldiers led by Zhang Yan at the Chengde memorial office behaved suspiciously, and the public eyed them with suspicion. On gengxu Shence general Wang Shize reported that Wang Chengzong had sent Zhang Yan's band to murder Yuanheng. Officials arrested Zhang Yan and seven accomplices. Capital Magistrate Pei Wu and investigating censor Chen Zhongshi were ordered to interrogate them. On guihai the throne published Wang Chengzong's three defiant memorials for the bureaucracy and opened debate on how to punish him.
59
裴度病瘡，臥二旬，詔以衛兵宿其第，中使問訊不絕。 或請罷度官以安恆、鄆之心，上怒曰：「若罷度官，是奸謀得成，朝廷無復綱紀。 吾用度一人，足破二賊。」 甲子，上召度入對。 乙丑，以度為中書侍郎、同平章事。 度上言：「淮西，腹心之疾，不得不除。 且朝廷業已討之，兩河籓鎮跋扈者，將視此為高下，不可中止。」 上以為然，悉以用兵事委度，討賊愈急。 初，德宗多猜忌，朝士有相過從者，金吾皆伺察以聞，宰相不敢私第見客，度奏：「今寇盜未平，宰相宜招延四方賢才與參謀議」，始請於私第見客，許之。
Pei Du lay bedridden with wounds for twenty days. Palace guards were posted at his house and eunuch envoys called constantly. Some urged stripping Pei Du of office to placate Heng and Yan. The emperor snapped, "If I remove Pei Du, the assassins win and the court loses all discipline. This one man is enough to destroy both rebels." On jiazi the emperor summoned Pei Du to audience. On yichou Pei Du was appointed Secretariat vice minister and chief minister. Pei Du argued, "Huai-Xi is a disease in the empire's vitals. It must be cut out. The campaign has begun. Every swaggering Hebei warlord will judge the court by how this war ends. We cannot stop now. The emperor agreed, gave Pei Du full control of the war, and pressed the campaign harder than ever. Under Dezong the Jinwu had spied on any official who socialized, and chief ministers rarely received guests at home. Pei Du argued that with assassins still at large, ministers must recruit talent from every quarter. The emperor let him hold meetings at his residence.
60
陳中師按張晏等，具服殺武元衡。 張弘靖疑其不實，屢言於上，上不聽。 戊辰，斬晏等五人，殺其黨十四人，李師道客竟潛匿亡去。
Chen Zhongshi's investigation extracted full confessions that Zhang Yan's band had killed Wu Yuanheng. Zhang Hongjing doubted the confession and pleaded with the emperor repeatedly. The emperor would not hear him. On wuchen five men including Zhang Yan were beheaded and fourteen accomplices executed. Li Shidao's men, however, vanished underground.
61
秋，七月，庚午朔，靈武節度使李光進薨。 光進與弟光顏友善，光顏先娶，其母委以家事。 母卒，先進後娶，光顏使其妻奉管龠，籍財物，歸於其女以。 光進反之曰：「新婦逮事先姑，先姑命主家事，不可易也。」 因相持而泣。
In autumn, on the seventh month's new moon, Li Guangjin, military commissioner of Lingwu, died. Guangjin and his younger brother Li Guangyan were close. Guangyan married first, and their mother put him in charge of the household. After their mother died Guangjin remarried. Guangyan had his wife gather the keys and account books, inventory the property, and hand everything to Guangjin's daughter. Guangjin refused. "My new wife served my first wife for years. Mother put her in charge. That cannot change. The brothers clung to each other and wept.
62
甲戌，詔數王承宗罪惡，絕其朝貢，曰：「冀其翻然改過，束身自歸。 攻討之期，更俟後命。」
On jiaxu the throne listed Wang Chengzong's crimes and cut off his tribute missions, adding, "We still hope he will repent and surrender willingly. When to attack him must await another decree."
63
八月，己亥朔，日有食之。
On the eighth month's new moon, jihai, there was a solar eclipse.
64
李師道置留後院於東都，本道人雜沓往來，吏不敢詰。 時淮西兵犯東畿，防禦兵悉屯伊闕。 師道潛內兵於院中，至數十百人，謀焚宮闕，縱兵殺掠，己烹牛饗士。 明日，將發，其小卒詣留守呂元膺告變，元膺亟追伊闕兵圍之。 賊眾突出，防禦兵踵其後，不敢迫，賊出長夏門，望山而遁。 是時都城震駭，留守兵寡弱。 元膺坐皇城門，指使部分，意氣自若，都人賴以安。
Li Shidao kept a liaison office in Luoyang. His agents came and went freely and local officials dared not challenge them. Huai-Xi forces were raiding the eastern suburbs, and every defender had been pulled to Yique. Shidao smuggled hundreds of men into the compound, planning to burn the imperial palaces and sack the city. They had already slaughtered cattle to feed the troops. On the eve of the attack a junior man betrayed the plot to resident commissioner Lü Yuanying. Yuanying rushed troops back from Yique and surrounded the compound. The rebels broke out. Defenders followed but would not close. The rebels slipped through Changxia Gate and vanished into the hills. Luoyang was paralyzed with fear, and Yuanying had only a handful of men. Yuanying took his post at the Imperial City gate, deploying his meager forces with unruffled composure, and the city steadied itself on his authority.
65
東都西南接鄧、虢，皆高山深林，民不耕種，專以射獵為生，人皆趫勇，謂之山棚。 元膺設重購以捕賊。 數日，有山棚鬻鹿，賊遇而奪之，山棚走召其儕類，且引官軍共圍之谷中，盡獲之。 按驗，得其魁，乃中岳寺僧圓淨，故嘗為史思明將，勇悍過人，為師道謀，多買田於伊闕、陸渾之間，以捨山棚而衣食之。 有訾嘉珍、門察者，潛部分以屬圓淨，圓淨以師道錢千萬，陽為治佛光寺，結黨定謀，約令嘉珍等竊發城中，圓淨舉火於山中，集二縣山棚入城助之。 圓淨時年八十餘，捕者既得之，奮錘擊其脛，不能折。 圓淨罵曰：「鼠子，折人脛且不能，敢稱健兒！」 乃自置其脛，教使折之。 臨刑，歎曰：「誤我事，不得使洛城流血！」 黨與死者凡數千人。 留守、防禦將二人及驛卒八人皆受其職名，為之耳目。
Southwest of Luoyang lay Deng and Guo, wild country of deep forest where people lived by hunting alone. They were famously swift and fierce, and locals called them the mountain men. Yuanying posted rich rewards for the rebels' capture. Days later mountain hunters selling deer were robbed by fleeing rebels. The hunters rallied their kin, guided government troops into a mountain gorge, and trapped the entire band. Investigation identified the leader as Monk Yuanjing of Zhongyue Temple, once a general under Shi Siming and fiercer than any ordinary man. Working for Li Shidao, he had bought farmland between Yique and Luhun to feed and clothe the mountain men. Zi Jiazhen and Men Cha had secretly marshaled troops for Yuanjing. With ten million strings from Li Shidao—ostensibly to restore Foguang Temple—Yuanjing built his network and set the plan: Jiazhen would strike inside Luoyang while Yuanjing lit signal fires in the hills and led mountain men from two counties into the city. Yuanjing was over eighty. When captors struck his shins with hammers, the bones would not break. Yuanjing spat, "You pups cannot even break a man's leg and you call yourselves warriors! He positioned his own shin and showed them where to strike. At the execution ground he sighed, "You fools ruined my plan—I never got to bathe Luoyang in blood! Thousands of his followers died with him. Two Luoyang generals and eight courier runners had taken secret commissions and served as his spies.
66
元膺鞫訾嘉珍、門察，始知殺武元衡者乃師道也。 元膺密以聞，以檻車送二人詣京師。 上業已討王承宗，不復窮治。 元膺上言：「近日籓鎮跋扈不臣，有可容貸者。 至於師道謀屠都城，燒宮闕，悖逆尤甚，不可不誅。」 上以為然。 而方討吳元濟，絕王承宗，故未暇治師道也。
Interrogating Zi Jiazhen and Men Cha, Yuanying learned for the first time that Li Shidao had ordered Wu Yuanheng's murder. He reported privately to court and sent both men to Chang'an in locked carts. The emperor was already at war with Wang Chengzong and would not press the investigation further. Yuanying wrote, "Some arrogant warlords might still merit mercy. But Li Shidao plotted to butcher a capital and burn the imperial palaces. That treason is beyond forgiveness. The emperor agreed. But with Wu Yuanji still in the field and Wang Chengzong cut off, he had no bandwidth to punish Li Shidao yet.
67
乙丑，李光顏敗於時曲。
On yichou Li Guangyan lost a battle at Shiqu.
68
初，上以嚴綬在河東，所遣裨將多立功，故使鎮襄陽，且督諸軍討吳元濟。 綬無他材能，到軍之日，傾府庫，賚士卒，累年之積，一朝而盡。 又厚賂宦官以結聲援，擁八州之眾萬餘人屯境上，閉壁經年，無尺寸功，裴度屢言其軍無政。 九月，癸酉，以韓弘為淮西諸軍都統。 弘樂於自擅，欲倚賊以自重，不願淮西速平。 李光顏在諸將中戰最力，弘欲結其歡心，舉大梁城索得一美婦人，教之歌舞絲竹，飾以珠玉金翠，直數百萬錢，遣使遺之，使者先致書。 光顏乃大饗將士，使者進妓，容色絕世，一座盡驚。 光顏謂使者曰：「相公愍光顏羈旅，賜以美妓，荷德誠深。 然戰士數萬，皆棄家遠來，冒犯白刃，光顏何忍獨以聲色自娛悅乎！」 因流涕，座者皆泣。 即於席上厚以繒帛贈使者，並妓返之，曰：「為光顏多謝相公，光顏以身許國，誓不與逆賊同戴日月，死無貳矣！」
The emperor had posted Yan Shou in Xiangyang to oversee the Huai-Xi campaign because his subordinates in Hedong had won repeated victories. Shou had no talent for command. On arrival he emptied the treasury showering gifts on the troops, spending years of savings in a single day. He bribed eunuchs for court backing, parked more than ten thousand men from eight prefectures at the border, and sat behind closed walls for a year without a single gain. Pei Du repeatedly denounced the disorder in his ranks. In the ninth month, on guiyou, Han Hong was named supreme commander of all Huai-Xi armies. Hong enjoyed his independent power and wanted the rebels to keep him indispensable. He did not want a quick victory. Li Guangyan fought harder than any other general. Han Hong sought his goodwill, found a stunning woman in Daliang, trained her in music and dance, dressed her in jewels worth millions, and sent her ahead with a letter. Guangyan held a banquet for his officers. When the courtesan entered, her beauty stunned the hall. Guangyan told the envoy, "Your master pities a soldier far from home and sends this gift. The kindness is profound. But tens of thousands of my men have left their families and march under enemy steel. How could I feast on pleasure while they bleed! He wept, and every officer at the table wept with him. He heaped silk on the envoy, sent the woman back, and said, "Thank your master for me. I have given my life to the empire. I will not breathe the same air as rebels, and I will never waver until death."
69
冬，十月，庚子，始分山南東道為兩節度，以戶部侍郎李遜為襄、復、郢、均、房節度使，以右羽林大將軍高霞寓為唐、隨、鄧節度使。 朝議以唐與蔡接，故使霞寓專事攻戰，而遜調五州之賦以餉之。
In winter, on the tenth month's gengzi day, southeastern Shannan was split in two. Li Xun became commissioner of Xiang, Fu, Ying, Jun, and Fang; Gao Xiayu took Tang, Sui, and Deng. Because Tang prefecture bordered Cai, the court gave Xiayu the fighting role and charged Li Xun with taxing five prefectures to feed his army.
70
辛丑，刑部侍郎權德輿奏：「自開元二十五年修《格式律令事類》後，至今《長行敕》，近刪定為三十卷，請施行。」 從之。
On xinchou Vice Minister of Punishments Quan Deyu asked the throne to promulgate thirty volumes of recently abridged enduring edicts, tracing back to the Kaiyuan-era legal codex. The request was granted.
71
上雖絕王承宗朝貢，未有詔討之。 魏博節度使田弘正屯兵於其境，承宗屢敗之，弘正忿，表請擊之，上不許。 表十上，乃聽至貝州。 丙午，弘正軍於貝州。
The throne had cut off Wang Chengzong's tribute missions but had not yet ordered an attack. Weibo's Tian Hongzheng camped on the border and Wang Chengzong beat him repeatedly. Furious, Tian petitioned to invade, but the emperor refused. After ten petitions the court let him advance only to Beizhou. On bingwu Tian Hongzheng encamped at Beizhou.
72
庚戌，東都奏盜焚柏崖倉。
On gengxu Luoyang reported arson at the Baia Cliff granary.
73
十一月，壽州刺史李文通奏敗淮西兵。 壬申，韓弘請命眾軍合攻淮西，從之。
In the eleventh month Shouzhou prefect Li Wentong reported a victory over Huai-Xi forces. On renshen Han Hong asked for a coordinated assault on Huai-Xi, and the emperor agreed.
74
李光顏、烏重胤敗淮西兵於小殷水，拔其城。
Li Guangyan and Wu Chongyin routed Huai-Xi forces at Xiao Yinshui and captured the town.
75
乙亥，以嚴綬為太子少保。
On yihai Yan Shou was demoted to grand mentor of the heir apparent.
76
盜焚襄州佛寺軍儲。 盡徙京城積草於四郊以備火。
Arsonists burned army supplies stored in a Xiangzhou temple. The court moved all hay stacked in Chang'an to the outer suburbs as a fire precaution.
77
丁丑，李文通敗淮西兵於固始。
On dingchou Li Wentong beat Huai-Xi forces at Gushi.
78
戊寅，盜焚獻陵寢宮、永巷。
On wuyin arsonists burned buildings at Emperor Xian's tomb and the palace women's quarters.
79
詔發振武兵二千，會義武軍以討王承宗。
The court sent two thousand Zhenwu troops to join Yiwu forces against Wang Chengzong.
80
己丑，吐蕃款隴州塞，請互市，許之。
On jichou Tibetans approached the Longzhou frontier seeking trade. The court agreed.
81
初，吳少陽聞信州人吳武陵名，邀以為賓友，武陵不答。 及元濟反，武陵以書諭之曰：「足下勿謂部曲不我欺，人情與足下一也。 足下反天子，人亦欲反足下。 易地而論，則其情可知矣。」
When Wu Shaoyang heard of the scholar Wu Wuling of Xinzhou, he invited him as an adviser. Wuling refused. When Yuanji rebelled, Wuling wrote to warn him: "Do not assume your soldiers will not betray you. They feel what you feel. You rebel against the emperor, and they will rebel against you. Put yourself in their place, and you will know their hearts."
82
丁酉，武寧節度使李願奏敗李師道之眾。 時師道數遣兵攻徐州，敗蕭、沛數縣，願悉以步騎委都押牙溫人王智興，擊破之。 十二月，甲辰，智興又破師道之眾，斬首二千餘級，逐北至平陰而還。 願，晟之子也。
On dingyou Li Yuan, military commissioner of Wuning, reported a victory over Li Shidao's army. Shidao had been sending troops against Xuzhou again and again, ravaging counties in Xiao and Pei. Li Yuan handed his entire infantry and cavalry force to his chief superintendent Wang Zhixing, a native of Wen, and Zhixing routed the invaders. In the twelfth month, on jiachen, Zhixing beat Shidao's army again, took more than two thousand heads, chased the enemy north to Pingyin, and withdrew. Li Yuan was a son of Li Cheng.
83
東都防禦使呂元膺請募山棚以衛宮城，從之。
Lü Yuanying, defender of the Eastern Capital, asked to recruit mountain-dwelling militia to guard the palace precincts, and the court agreed.
84
乙丑，河東節度使王鍔薨。
On yichou Wang E, military commissioner of Hedong, died.
85
王承宗縱兵四掠，幽、滄、定三鎮皆苦之，爭上表請討承宗。 上欲許之。 中書侍郎、同平章事張弘靖以為「兩役並興，恐國力所不支，請並力平淮西，乃征恆冀。」 上不為之止，弘靖乃求罷。
Wang Chengzong let his soldiers raid in every direction, and the circuits of You, Cang, and Ding all groaned under it, each rushing memorials asking the throne to attack him. The emperor was inclined to agree. Vice Director Zhang Hongjing, also associate grand councillor, argued: "If we fight on two fronts at once, the empire may not bear the strain. Let us finish Huai-West first, then march on Heng and Ji." The emperor would not be dissuaded, and Hongjing asked to resign.
86
憲宗昭文章武犬至至神孝皇帝中之上元和十一年（ 丙申，公元八一六年）
Emperor Xianzong of Tang, middle reign, upper section, eleventh year of the Yuanhe era ( bingchen, AD 816)
87
春，正月，己已，以弘靖同平章事，充河東節度使。
In spring, the first month, on jisi Zhang Hongjing was named associate grand councillor and sent out as military commissioner of Hedong.
88
乙亥，幽州節度使劉總奏敗成德兵，拔武強，斬首千餘級。
On yihai Liu Zong of Youzhou reported a victory over Chengde forces, the capture of Wuqiang, and more than a thousand heads.
89
庚辰，翰林學士、中書舍人錢徽，駕部郎中、知制誥蕭俛，各解職，守本官。 時群臣請罷兵者眾，上患之，故黜徽、俛以警其餘。 徽，吳人也。
On gengchen the Hanlin academician and Secretariat drafter Qian Hui, together with the Ministry of Transport director and edict drafter Xiao Mian, were stripped of their extra duties and kept only their base ranks. Many officials were pleading to end the war, which vexed the emperor; he sidelined Hui and Mian to warn the others. Qian Hui came from Wu.
90
癸未，制削王承宗官爵，命河東、幽州、義武、橫海、魏博、昭義六道進討。 韋貫之屢請先取吳元濟、後討承宗，曰：「陛下不見建中之事乎？ 始於討魏及齊，而蔡、燕、趙皆應之，卒致朱泚之亂，由德宗不能忍數年之憤邑，欲太平之功速成效也。」 上不聽。
On guiwei an edict stripped Wang Chengzong of rank and title and ordered six circuits—Hedong, Youzhou, Yiwu, Heng-Hai, Weibo, and Zhaoyi—to march against him. Wei Guanzhi urged again and again that Wu Yuanji be crushed before Wang Chengzong, saying, "Your Majesty, have you forgotten the Jianzhong debacle? The court started by attacking Wei and Qi, and Cai, Yan, and Zhao all rose in answer, until Zhu Ci's revolt broke out—all because Dezong could not swallow years of humiliation and wanted peace to arrive overnight." The emperor would not hear it.
91
甲申，盜斷建陵門戟四十七枝。
On jiashen thieves stole forty-seven ceremonial halberds from the Jianling Gate.
92
二月，西川奏吐蕃贊普卒，新贊普可黎可足立。
In the second month the West Circuit reported that the Tibetan king had died and a new ruler, Keli Kezu, had been enthroned.
93
乙已，以中書舍人李逢吉為門下侍郎、同平章事。 逢吉，玄道之曾孫也。
On yisi Li Fengji, a Secretariat drafter, was made vice director of the Chancellery and associate grand councillor. Li Fengji was a great-grandson of Li Xuandao.
94
乙卯，昭義節度使郗士美奏破成德兵，斬首千餘級。
On yimao Xi Shimei of Zhaoyi reported breaking Chengde forces and taking more than a thousand heads.
95
南詔勸龍晟淫虐不道，上下怨疾，弄棟節度王嵯巔弒之，立其弟勸利。 勸利德嵯巔，賜姓蒙氏，謂之「大容」。 容，蠻言兄也。
Quanlong Sheng of Nanzhao ruled with cruelty and debauchery until court and people alike loathed him; Wang Cuodian, commissioner of Nongdong, killed him and set up his younger brother Quanli. Grateful to Cuodian, Quanli gave him the royal surname Meng and the title "Great Elder." Rong means "elder brother" in the local language.
96
己未，劉總破成德兵，斬首千餘級。
On jiwei Liu Zong routed Chengde troops and took more than a thousand heads.
97
荊南節度使袁滋父祖墓在朗山，請入朝，欲勸上罷兵。 行至鄧州，聞蕭俛、錢徽貶官。 及見上，更以必克勸之，僅得還鎮。
Yuan Zi of Jingnan, whose father and grandfather lay buried at Langshan, asked to come to court intending to urge an end to the war. At Dengzhou he learned that Xiao Mian and Qian Hui had been punished with demotion. Once before the throne he reversed himself and preached sure victory instead; only with difficulty did he win leave to return to his command.
98
辛酉，魏博奏敗成德兵，拔其固城。 乙丑，又奏拔其鴉城。
On xinyou Weibo reported a victory over Chengde and the capture of Gucheng. On yichou it reported the capture of Yacheng as well.
99
三月，庚午，太后崩。 辛未，敕以國哀，諸司公事權取中書門下處分，不置攝塚宰。 壽州團練使李文通奏敗淮西兵於固始，拔金敖山。 己卯，唐鄧節度使高霞寓奏敗淮西兵於郎山，斬首千餘級，焚二柵。
In the third month, on gengwu, the empress dowager died. On xinwei an edict declared that during the state mourning routine business would be handled provisionally by the Secretariat and Chancellery, without naming an acting chief mourner. Li Wentong, training commissioner of Shouzhou, reported defeating Huai-Xi forces at Gushi and seizing Mount Jin'ao. On jimao Gao Xiayu of Tang-Deng reported a victory at Langshan over Huai-Xi troops, more than a thousand heads, and the burning of two fortified camps.
100
幽州節度使劉總圍樂壽。
Liu Zong of Youzhou laid siege to Leshou.
101
夏，四月，庚子，李光顏、烏重胤奏敗淮西兵於陵雲柵，斬首三千級。
In summer, the fourth month, on gengzi Li Guangyan and Wu Chongyin reported crushing Huai-Xi forces at Lingyun stockade with three thousand heads.
102
辛亥，司農卿皇甫鎛以兼中丞權判度支。 鎛始以聚斂得幸。
On xinhai Huangfu Bo, minister of agriculture, was given concurrent rank as censor-in-chief and placed in charge of the revenue bureau. Huangfu Bo had first won favor by squeezing revenue from the people.
103
乙卯，劉總奏破成德兵於深州，斬首二千五百級。
On yimao Liu Zong reported breaking Chengde forces at Shenzhou and taking twenty-five hundred heads.
104
乙丑，義武節度使渾鎬奏破成德兵於九門，殺千餘人。 鎬，瑊之子也。
On yichou Hun Hao of Yiwu reported a victory at Jiumen over Chengde troops with more than a thousand killed. Hun Hao was a son of Hun Zhen.
105
宥州軍亂，逐刺史駱怡。 夏州節度使田進討平之。
The garrison at Youzhou mutinied and drove out its prefect, Luo Yi. Tian Jin, military commissioner of Xiazhou, marched in and restored order.
106
五月，壬申，李光顏、烏重胤奏敗淮西兵於陵去柵，斬首二千餘級。
In the fifth month, on renshen, Li Guangyan and Wu Chongyin reported another victory at Lingqu stockade with more than two thousand heads.
107
六月，甲辰，高霞寓大敗於鐵城，僅以身免。 時諸將討淮西者，勝則虛張殺獲，敗則匿之。 至是，大敗不可掩，始上聞，中外駭愕。 宰相入見，將勸上罷兵，上曰：「勝負兵家之常，今但當論用兵方略，察將帥之不勝任者易之，兵食不足者助之耳。 豈得以一將失利，遽議罷兵邪！」 於是獨用裴度之言，它人言罷兵者亦稍息矣。 己酉，霞寓退保唐州。
In the sixth month, on jiachen, Gao Xiayu was routed at Tiecheng and fled with only his life. By then the Huai-West commanders inflated their body counts after victories and buried their defeats. This disaster could not be hidden; when word finally reached the capital, court and country were stunned. The chief ministers came in ready to urge peace. The emperor said, "Winning and losing are the way of war. Talk strategy: replace commanders who fail, and feed the armies that run short—that is all. Shall one general's setback make us abandon the campaign?" From then on he listened chiefly to Pei Du, and the chorus calling for peace slowly fell silent. On jiyou Gao Xiayu fell back to hold Tangzhou.
108
上責高霞寓之敗，霞寓稱李遜應接不至。 秋，七月，丁丑，貶霞寓為歸州刺史，遜亦左遷恩王傅。 以河南尹鄭權為山南東道節度使。 以荊南節度使袁滋為彰義節度、申、光、蔡、唐、隨、鄧觀察使，以唐州為理所。
The emperor held Gao Xiayu responsible for the defeat; Xiayu blamed Li Xun for failing to come to his aid. In autumn, the seventh month, on dingchou Xiayu was demoted to prefect of Guizhou and Xun was relegated to tutor of the Prince of En. Zheng Quan, intendant of Henan, was made military commissioner of Shannan-East. Yuan Zi of Jingnan was transferred to command Zhangyi and oversee Shen, Guang, Cai, Tang, Sui, and Deng, with his headquarters at Tangzhou.
109
壬午，宣武軍奏破郾城之眾二萬，殺二千餘人，捕虜千餘人。
On renwu the Xuanwu army reported routing twenty thousand troops from Yancheng, killing more than two thousand and taking over a thousand prisoners.
110
田弘正奏破成德兵於南宮，殺二千餘人。
Tian Hongzheng reported a victory at Nangong over Chengde forces with more than two thousand killed.
111
中書侍郎、同平章事韋貫之，性高簡，好甄別流品，又數請罷用兵。 左補闕張宿毀之於上，雲其朋黨。 八月，壬寅，貫之罷為吏部侍郎。
Wei Guanzhi, vice director and associate grand councillor, was proud and severe, devoted to ranking men by pedigree, and had repeatedly urged an end to the war. The left supplementation officer Zhang Su told the emperor that Guanzhi led a clique. In the eighth month, on renyin, Guanzhi was stripped of the chancellorship and kept only as vice minister of civil appointments.
112
諸軍討王承宗者互相觀望，獨昭義節度使郗士美引精兵壓其境。 己未，士美奏大破承宗之眾於柏鄉，殺千餘人，降者亦如之，為三壘以環柏鄉。
The armies sent against Wang Chengzong hung back and watched one another; only Xi Shimei of Zhaoyi drove elite troops deep into Chengzong's territory. On jiwei Shimei reported a major victory at Baixiang, more than a thousand killed and as many surrendered, and ringed the town with three fortified camps.
113
庚申，葬莊憲皇后於豐陵。
On gengshen Empress Zhuangxian was interred at Fengling.
114
九月，乙亥，右拾遺獨孤朗坐請罷兵，貶興元府會曹。 朗，及之子也。
In the ninth month, on yihai, the right reminder Gu Duluang was punished for pleading to end the war and demoted to registrar of Xingyuan. Gu Duluang was a son of Gu Ji.
115
饒州大水，漂失四千七百戶。
A great flood at Raozhou swept away forty-seven hundred households.
116
丙子，以韋貫之為湖南觀察使，猶坐前事也。 辛巳，以吏部侍郎韋顗、考功員外郎韋處厚等皆為遠州刺史，張宿讒之，以為貫之之黨也。 顗，見素之孫； 處厚，□之九世孫也。
On bingzi Wei Guanzhi was sent out as observation commissioner of Hunan, still paying for the earlier affair. On xinsi Wei Yan, vice minister of civil appointments, Wei Chuhou of the examinations bureau, and others were all banished to distant prefectures after Zhang Su accused them of belonging to Guanzhi's party. Wei Yan was a grandson of Wei Jiansu; Wei Chuhou was ninth in descent from Wei Xuan.
117
乙酉，李光顏、烏重胤奏拔吳元濟陵雲柵。 丁亥，光顏又奏拔石、越二柵，壽州奏敗殷城之眾，拔六柵。
On yiyou Li Guangyan and Wu Chongyin reported the capture of Wu Yuanji's Lingyun stockade. On dinghai Guangyan reported the fall of the Shi and Yue camps as well, while Shouzhou announced a victory over Yincheng's army and the seizure of six stockades.
118
冬，十一月，壬戌朔，容管奏黃洞蠻為寇。 乙丑，邕管奏擊黃洞蠻，卻之，復賓、蠻等州。
In winter, on the renxu new moon of the eleventh month, Rong Circuit reported raids by the Yellow Cave tribes. On yichou Yong Circuit reported striking the Yellow Cave tribes, driving them back, and recovering Bin, Man, and neighboring prefectures.
119
丙寅，加幽州節度使劉總同平章事。
On bingyin Liu Zong of Youzhou was given the title associate grand councillor.
120
李師道聞拔陵雲柵而懼，詐請輸款。 上以力未能討，加師道檢校司空。
When Li Shidao heard that Lingyun stockade had fallen, he panicked and pretended to offer submission. Unable yet to attack him in force, the emperor invested Shidao as acting minister of works.
121
王鍔家二奴告鍔子稷改父遺表，匿所獻家財。 上命鞫於內仗，遣中使詣東都檢括鍔家財。 裴度諫曰：「王鍔既沒，其所獻之財已為不少。 今又因奴告檢括其家，臣恐諸將帥聞之，各以身後為憂。」 上遽止使者。 己巳，以二奴付京兆，杖殺之。
Two household slaves of Wang E accused his son Ji of altering the death memorial and hiding wealth that should have been presented to the throne. The emperor ordered an inquiry by the inner guard and sent a palace envoy to Luoyang to seize and inventory the Wang family's property. Pei Du objected: "Wang E is dead, and the fortune he already presented was large. If we now ransack his house on a slave's word, I fear every field commander will worry about what becomes of his family after his death. The emperor at once recalled the envoy. On jisi he handed the two slaves to the capital magistrate, who had them beaten to death.
122
庚午，以給事中柳公綽為京兆尹。 公綽初赴府，有神策小將躍馬橫衝前導，公綽駐馬，杖殺之。 明日，入對延英。 上色甚怒，詰其專殺之狀。 對曰：「陛下不以臣無似，使待罪京兆。 京兆為輦轂師表，今視事之初，而小將敢爾唐突，此乃輕陛下詔命，非獨慢臣也。 臣知杖無禮之人，不知其為神策軍將也。」 上曰：「何不奏？」 對曰：「臣職當杖之，不當奏。」 上曰：「誰當奏者？」 對曰：「本軍當奏； 若死於街衢，金吾街使當奏； 在坊內，左右巡使當奏。」 上無以罪之，退，謂左右曰：「汝曹須作意此人，朕亦畏之。」
On gengwu Liu Gongchuo, a drafting officer, was named intendant of the capital. On his first day at the yamen a junior Shence officer galloped through his escort; Gongchuo halted, seized him, and had him beaten to death on the spot. The next day he appeared for audience in the Yanying Hall. The emperor's face was dark with anger as he demanded why Gongchuo had killed a man on his own authority. He answered, "Your Majesty did not disdain my mediocrity and charged me with governing the capital. The capital is the model for the empire. On my first day in office a junior officer dared such insolence—that insults Your Majesty's authority, not mine alone. I knew only that I was punishing a man without manners; I did not know he belonged to the Shence Army. The emperor said, "Why did you not report it first?" He replied, "My duty was to beat him, not to write a memorial. The emperor asked, "Then who should have reported it?" He answered, "His own unit should have reported it; if he had died in the open street, the Jinwu street commissioner should have reported it; if inside a ward, the left and right patrol commissioners should have reported it." The emperor could not punish him. After Gongchuo left, he told his attendants, "Watch this man carefully—I fear him myself."
123
討淮西諸軍近九萬，上怒諸將久無功，辛已，命知樞密梁守廉宣慰，因留監其軍，授以空名告身五百通及金帛，以勸死士。 庚寅，先加李光顏等檢校官，而詔書切責，示以無功必罰。
Nearly ninety thousand troops were arrayed against Huai-Xi. Angry that his generals had achieved nothing for so long, on the day Xinsi the emperor sent Commissioner of Military Affairs Liang Shouqian to proclaim consolation and stay behind to supervise the campaign, giving him five hundred blank commission scrolls and gold and silk to reward men willing to die for the cause. On the day Gengyin he first promoted Li Guangyan and the others to acting higher ranks, while an edict sternly rebuked them and warned that failure would bring punishment.
124
辛卯，李文通奏敗淮西兵於固始，斬首千餘級。
On the day Xinmao Li Wentong reported defeating Huai-Xi forces at Gushi and taking more than a thousand heads.
125
十二月，壬寅，程執恭奏敗成德兵於長河，斬首千餘級。
In the twelfth month, on the day Renyin, Cheng Zhigong reported defeating Chengde forces at Changhe and taking more than a thousand heads.
126
義武節度使渾鎬與王承宗戰屢勝，遂引全師壓其境，距恆州三十里而軍。 承宗懼，潛遣兵入鎬境，焚掠城邑，人心始內顧而搖。 會中使督其戰，鎬引兵進薄恆州，與承宗戰，大敗，奔還定州。 丙午，詔以易州刺史陳楚為義武節度使，軍中聞之，掠鎬及家人衣，至於裸露。 陳楚馳入定州，鎮遏亂者，斂軍中衣以歸鎬，以兵衛送還朝。 楚，定州人，張茂昭之甥也。
Yizhou military commissioner Hun Hao won repeated victories over Wang Chengzong, then marched his whole army into Chengzong's territory and encamped thirty li from Hengzhou. Chengzong, alarmed, secretly sent raiders into Hao's rear to burn towns and villages; his men's hearts turned homeward and their resolve began to falter. When a palace envoy ordered him to attack, Hao advanced on Hengzhou, met Chengzong in battle, was routed, and fled back to Dingzhou. On the day Bingwu an edict appointed Chen Chu, prefect of Yizhou, military commissioner of Yiwu. When the troops heard, they stripped Hao and his family of their clothing, leaving them nearly naked. Chen Chu rode hard into Dingzhou, quelled the mutineers, gathered clothing from the troops to clothe Hao, and sent him back to the capital under guard. Chu was a native of Dingzhou and Zhang Maozhao's nephew.
127
丁未，以翰林學士王涯為郎中書侍郎、同平章事。
On the day Dingwei Hanlin academician Wang Ya was appointed vice director of the Secretariat for the Central Chancellery and associate chief minister.
128
袁滋至唐州，去斥候，止其兵不使犯吳元濟境。 元濟圍其新興柵，滋卑辭以請之，元濟由是不復以滋為意。 朝廷知之，甲寅，以太子詹事李愬為唐、隨、鄧節度使。 愬，聽之兄也。
When Yuan Zi reached Tangzhou he withdrew his scouts and ordered his troops not to cross into Wu Yuanji's territory. Yuanji besieged Zi's Xinxing stockade. Zi pleaded in humble terms, and Yuanji thereafter paid him no heed. When the court learned of this, on the day Jiayin Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Li Su was appointed military commissioner of Tang, Sui, and Deng. Su was the elder brother of Li Ting.
129
初置淮、穎水運使。 楊子院米自淮陰溯淮入穎、至項城入殷，輸於郾城，以饋討淮西諸軍，省汴運之費七萬餘緡。
The post of commissioner for Huai and Ying water transport was established for the first time. Grain from the Yangzi depot was shipped upstream from Huaiyin on the Huai into the Ying, then at Xiangcheng entered the Yin River and was delivered to Yancheng to feed the Huai-Xi campaign armies, saving more than seventy thousand strings in Bian transport costs.
130
己未，容管奏黃洞蠻屠巖州。
On the day Jiwei Rongguan reported that Huangdong Man raiders had slaughtered the population of Yan Prefecture.
131
CATEGORY:資治通鑑」
Category: Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance.”