1
資治通鑑第246卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 246
2
【唐紀六十二】起著雍敦牂，盡玄默閹茂，凡五年。
[Tang Records 62] This section runs from the twelfth month of the Gengshen year through the twelfth month of the Gengzi year, a span of five years.
3
春，正月，甲子，李石入朝，中塗有盜射之，微傷。 左右奔散，石馬驚，馳歸第。 又有盜邀擊於坊門，斷其馬尾，僅而得免。 上聞之，大驚，命神策六軍遣兵防衞，敕中外捕盜甚急，竟無所獲。 乙丑，百官入朝者九人而已。 京城數日方安。
In spring, on the first day of the first month, Li Shi was on his way to court when assassins fired on him and wounded him slightly. His attendants fled in every direction; his horse bolted, and he raced home to his mansion. At the ward gate more assailants ambushed him and hacked off his horse's tail; he escaped only by a hair's breadth. When the emperor learned of the attack he was deeply shaken. He ordered the six Shence armies to post guards and launched a sweeping manhunt, but no culprits were ever found. On the following day only nine officials dared attend court. Several days passed before the capital regained its composure.
4
丁卯，追贈故齊王湊爲懷懿太子。
On dingmao day the deceased Prince of Qi, Cou, was posthumously honored as Crown Prince Huaiyi.
5
戊申，以鹽鐵轉運使、戸部尚書楊嗣復，戸部侍郎、判戸部李玨並同平章事，判、使如故。 嗣復，於陵之子也。
On wushen day Yang Sifu, salt-and-iron transport commissioner and minister of revenue, and Li Jue, vice minister of revenue with charge of the ministry, were both appointed co–grand councilors while retaining their existing portfolios. Sifu was the son of the former chief minister Yu Ling.
6
中書侍郎、同平章事李石，承甘露之亂，人情危懼，宦官恣橫，忘身徇國，故紀綱粗立。 仇士良深惡之，潛遣盜殺之，不果。 石懼，累表稱疾辭位。 上深知其故而無如之何。 丙子，以石同平章事，充荊南節度使。
Li Shi, vice director of the Secretariat and co–grand councilor, had after the Sweet Dew coup held the state together while the court lived in terror and eunuchs ruled unchecked; by risking his own life for the realm he had at least shored up the foundations of government. Qiu Shiliang loathed him and secretly hired killers, yet the plot failed. Fearing for his life, Shi repeatedly asked to step down on grounds of illness. The emperor understood perfectly why Shi wanted out but was powerless to help him. On bingzi day Shi was named co–grand councilor and sent out as military governor of Jingnan.
7
陳夷行性介直，惡楊嗣復爲人，毎議政事，多相抵斥。 壬辰，夷行以足疾辭位，不許。 上命起居舍人魏謨獻其祖文貞公笏，鄭覃曰：「在人不在笏。」 上曰：「亦甘棠之比也。」
Chen Yixing was stiff and upright by nature and despised Yang Sifu; in council they quarreled at almost every turn. On renchen day Yixing tried to resign because of a foot ailment, but the emperor refused. The emperor told Wei Mo of the Imperial Diary to present the court tablet of his grandfather, Duke Wenzhen. Zheng Tan remarked, "What we honor is the man, not the tablet." The emperor replied, "Even so, it is like the sweet-pear tree under which the people still remember a worthy ruler."1
8
楊嗣復欲援進李宗閔，恐爲鄭覃所沮，乃先令宦官諷上。 上臨朝，謂宰相曰：「宗閔積年在外，宜與一官。」 鄭覃曰：「陛下若憐宗閔之遠，止可移近北數百里，不宜再用。 用之，臣請先避位。」 陳夷行曰：「宗閔向以朋黨亂政，陛下何愛此纖人！」 楊嗣復曰：「事貴得中，不可但徇愛憎。」 上曰：「可與一州。」 覃曰：「與州太優，止可洪州司馬耳。」 因與嗣復互相抵訐以爲黨。 上曰：「與一州無傷。」 覃等退，上謂起居郎周敬復、舍人魏謨曰：「宰相喧爭如此，可乎？」 對曰：「誠爲不可。 然覃等盡忠憤激，不自覺耳。」 丁酉，以衡州司馬李宗閔爲杭州刺史。 李固言與楊嗣復、李玨善，故引居大政以排鄭覃、陳夷行，毎議政之際，是非鋒起，上不能決也。
Yang Sifu wanted to bring Li Zongmin back into office but feared Zheng Tan would block it, so he had eunuchs sound out the emperor first. At audience the emperor told his chief ministers, "Zongmin has been in exile for years; it is time to give him a post." Zheng Tan objected: "If Your Majesty pities his exile, move him a few hundred li closer to the capital—but do not put him back in power. If you appoint him, I beg leave to resign first." Chen Yixing said, "Zongmin once wrecked the government with his faction. Why spare such a contemptible figure?" Yang Sifu countered, "Policy should strike the middle course; Your Majesty must not rule by personal likes and dislikes alone." The emperor said, "Very well—give him a prefecture." Tan insisted, "A prefecture is too grand; make him only vice prefect of Hongzhou." Tan and Sifu then traded insults like rival party chiefs. The emperor said, "A prefecture will do no harm." After Tan and his allies left, the emperor asked Zhou Jingfu of the diary staff and Wei Mo of the secretariat, "Is it fitting for chief ministers to brawl in open court like this?" They answered, "Indeed it is not. Still, Tan and the others were acting from loyal indignation and hardly knew how far they had gone." On dingyou day Li Zongmin was promoted from vice prefect of Hengzhou to prefect of Hangzhou. Li Guyin was allied with Yang Sifu and Li Jue and had installed them in power to shut out Zheng Tan and Chen Yixing. Council sessions dissolved into shouting matches over every issue, and the emperor could settle nothing.
9
三月，牂柯寇涪州清溪鎮，鎮兵擊卻之。
In the third month the Zangke people attacked Qingxi in Fuzhou; local troops drove them off.
10
初，太和之末，杜悰爲鳳翔節度使，有詔沙汰僧尼。 時有五色雲見於岐山，近法門寺，民間訛言佛骨降祥，以僧尼不安之故。 監軍欲奏之，悰曰：「雲物變色，何常之有！ 佛若果愛僧尼，當見於京師。」 未幾，獲白兔，監軍又欲奏之，曰：「此西方之瑞也。」 悰曰：「野獸未馴，且宜畜之。」 旬日而斃。 監軍不悅，以爲掩蔽聖德，獨畫圖獻之。 及鄭注代心宗鎮鳳翔，奏紫雲見，又獻白雉。 是歳，八月，有甘露降於紫宸殿前櫻桃之上，上親采而嘗之，百官稱賀。 其十一月，遂有金吾甘露之變。 及悰爲工部尚書、判度支，河中奏騶虞見，百官稱賀。 上謂悰曰：「李訓、鄭注皆因瑞以售其亂，乃知瑞物非國之慶。 卿前在鳳翔，不奏白兔，真先覺也。」 對曰：「昔河出圖，伏羲以畫八卦； 洛出書，大禹以敘九疇，皆有益於人，故足尚也。 至於禽獸草木之瑞，何時無之！ 劉聰桀逆，黃龍三見； 石季龍暴虐，得蒼麟十六、白鹿七，以駕芝蓋。 以是觀之，瑞豈在德！ 玄宗嘗爲潞州別駕，及即位，潞州奏十九瑞，玄宗曰：『朕在潞州，惟知勤職業，此等瑞物，皆不知也。』 願陛下專門以百姓富安爲國慶，自餘不足取也。」 上善之，他日，謂宰相曰：「時和年豐，是爲上瑞； 嘉禾靈芝，誠何益於事！」 宰相因言：「《春秋》紀災異以儆人君，而不書祥瑞，用此故也！」 夏，五月，乙亥，詔：「諸道有瑞，皆無得以聞，亦勿申牒所司。 其臘饗太廟及饗太清宮，元日受朝奏祥瑞，皆停。」
Near the end of the Taihe reign Du Cong governed Fengxiang when the court ordered a purge of monks and nuns. Five-colored clouds then appeared over Mount Qi near Famen Monastery, and rumor had it that the Buddha's relics were signaling approval because the clergy were being harassed. The army supervisor wanted to report the omen, but Cong said, "Clouds change color all the time—what is remarkable about that? If the Buddha truly cared for the clergy, let the sign appear in the capital." Soon afterward a white hare was caught. The supervisor again wanted to report it as "an omen from the western quarter." Cong replied, "The creature is still wild—keep it alive for now." Within ten days it was dead. The supervisor was angry, accusing Cong of hiding heaven's favor, and sent up only his own painted record of the hare. When Zheng Zhu took over Fengxiang from Xin Zong he reported purple clouds and sent up a white pheasant as well. That same year, in the eighth month, sweet dew appeared on the cherries before the Hall of Purple Reach. The emperor picked and tasted it himself while the whole court congratulated him. By the eleventh month the Sweet Dew coup at the Golden Guards had erupted. Later, when Cong was minister of works with charge of the treasury, Hezhong reported a zouyu, and officials again offered congratulations. The emperor told Cong, "Li Xun and Zheng Zhu both used omens to peddle treason. That shows lucky signs are no blessing to the state. When you refused to report the white hare in Fengxiang, you saw the danger before anyone else." Cong answered, "In antiquity the Yellow River sent forth a chart and Fuxi drew the Eight Trigrams from it; the Luo sent forth a text and Yu the Great arranged the Nine Categories—each truly served mankind, and that is why they deserve reverence. As for lucky birds, beasts, plants, and trees—when are they ever absent? Liu Cong was vicious and rebellious, yet yellow dragons appeared three times; Shi Jilong was brutal and cruel, yet gathered sixteen azure qilin and seven white deer to pull his sacred carriage. From this one sees that omens have nothing to do with virtue! Emperor Xuanzong had once been vice prefect of Luzhou. After his accession Luzhou reported nineteen omens. Xuanzong said, "While I was in Luzhou I knew only hard work in office—I never heard of any of these lucky signs." I urge Your Majesty to take the people's prosperity and security alone as the true blessing of the realm and to disregard everything else." The emperor was pleased. On another day he told his chief ministers, "Mild seasons and rich harvests are the highest omens; fine grain and spirit fungus—what do they actually accomplish?" The chief ministers added, "The Spring and Autumn Annals records disasters and portents to warn rulers but never records lucky signs—for exactly this reason!" In summer, on yihai day in the fifth month, an edict declared: "No circuit may report auspicious omens or send memorials about them to the relevant offices. Reports of omens at the winter sacrifices in the ancestral temple and at the Temple of the Grand Ultimate, and at the New Year's audience, were all abolished."2
11
初，靈武節度使王晏平自盜贓七千餘緡，上以其父智興有功，免死，長流康州。 晏平密請於魏、鎮、幽三節度使，使上表雪己。 上不得已，六月，壬寅，改永州司戸。
Earlier Wang Yanping, military governor of Lingwu, had embezzled more than seven thousand strings of cash. Because his father Zhixing had served the dynasty well, the emperor spared his life and banished him to distant Kangzhou. Yanping secretly persuaded the governors of Wei, Zhen, and You to petition the throne on his behalf. The emperor reluctantly agreed; on renyin day in the sixth month Yanping was reassigned as registrar of Yongzhou.
12
八月，己亥，嘉王運薨。
In the eighth month, on jihai day, Prince Jia Yun died.
13
太子永之母王德妃無寵，爲楊賢妃所譖而死。 太子頗好游宴，暱近小人，賢妃日夜毀之。 九月，壬戌，上開延英，召宰相及兩省、御史、郎官，疏太子過惡，議廢之，曰：「是宜爲天子乎？」 群臣皆言：「太子年少，容有改過。 國本至重，豈可輕動！」 御史中丞狄兼謨論之尤切，至於涕切。 給事中韋溫曰：「陛下惟一子，不教，陷之至是，豈獨太子之過乎！」 癸亥，翰林學士六人、神策六軍軍使十六人復上表論之，上意稍解。 是夕，太子始得歸少陽院。 如京使王少華等及宦官、宮人坐流死者數十人。
Crown Prince Yong's mother, Virtuous Consort Wang, had fallen from favor and died after Worthy Consort Yang slandered her. The crown prince loved feasts and outings and kept company with low characters, while the Worthy Consort denounced him to the emperor day and night. On renxu day in the ninth month the emperor convened the Yanying Hall, summoned chief ministers and officials of both secretariats, the censorate, and the directorates, listed the crown prince's offenses, and debated deposing him. "Is this the sort of man who should become emperor?" he asked. The officials replied, "The crown prince is still young; he may yet mend his ways. The heir is the foundation of the realm—he must not be cast aside lightly!" Vice censor-in-chief Di Jianmo pleaded most fiercely, weeping as he spoke. Supervising secretary Wei Wen said, "Your Majesty has only this one son. Having failed to teach him, you have driven him to this pass—how can the fault be his alone?" On guihai day six Hanlin scholars and sixteen Shence army commanders submitted further memorials, and the emperor's resolve began to soften. That night the crown prince was finally allowed back to the Shaoyang residence. Several dozen people—including capital envoy Wang Shaohua, eunuchs, and palace women—were exiled or executed in the affair.
14
義武節度使張璠在鎮十五年，爲幽、鎮所憚。 及有疾，請入朝，朝廷未及制置，疾甚，戒其子元益舉族歸朝，毋得效河北故事。 及薨，軍中欲立元益，觀察留後李士季不可，眾殺之，又殺大將十餘人。 壬申，以易州刺史李仲遷爲義武節度使。 義武馬軍都虞候何清朝自拔歸朝，癸酉，以爲儀州刺史。
Zhang Fan had governed Yiwu for fifteen years, and the northeastern circuits of You and Zhen feared him. When he fell ill he asked to come to court. Before the capital could act his condition worsened, and he warned his son Yuanyi to bring the whole clan back to the capital and not follow the Hebei custom of passing command within the family. After his death the troops wanted to install Yuanyi, but acting observation commissioner Li Shiji opposed them and was killed, along with more than ten senior generals. On renshen day Li Zhongqian, prefect of Yi, was appointed military governor of Yiwu. He Qingchao, chief adjutant of the Yiwu cavalry, defected to the court; on guiyou day he was made prefect of Yizhou.
15
朝廷以義昌節度使李彥佐在鎮久，甲戌，以德州刺史劉約爲節度副使，欲以代之。
Because Li Yanzuo had held Yichang too long, on jiaxu day the court named Dezhou prefect Liu Yue his deputy with the intention of replacing him.
16
開成以來，神策將吏遷官，多不聞奏，直牒中書令覆奏施行，遷改殆元虛日。 癸未，始詔神策將吏改官皆先奏聞，狀至中書，然後檢勘施行。
Since the Kaicheng era Shence officers had often been promoted without imperial review, their orders going straight to the Secretariat for confirmation, so that transfers came almost every day. On guiwei day an edict required every Shence promotion to be reported to the throne first; only after the memorial reached the Secretariat could it be checked and executed.
17
冬，十月，易定監軍奏軍中不納李仲遷，請以張元益爲留後。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Yiding army supervisor reported that the troops refused Li Zhongqian and asked that Zhang Yuanyi be made acting commissioner.
18
太子永猶不悛，庚子，暴薨，謚曰莊恪。
Crown Prince Yong still would not mend his ways; on gengzi day he died suddenly and was given the posthumous name Zhuangke.
19
乙巳，以左金吾大將軍郭旼爲邠寧節度使。
On yisi day Guo Min, great general of the Left Golden Guards, was appointed military governor of Binning.
20
宰相議發兵討易定。 上曰：「易定地狹人貧，軍資半仰度支。 急之則靡所不爲，緩之則自生變。 但謹備四境以俟之。」 乃除張元益代州刺史。 頃之，軍中果有異議，乃上表以不便李仲遷爲辭，朝廷爲之罷仲遷。 十一月，壬戌，詔俟元益出定州，其義武將士始謀立元益者，皆赦不問。
The chief ministers debated sending troops against Yiding. The emperor said, "Yiding is small and poor; half its supplies come from the central treasury. Press them hard and they will do anything; move slowly and they will sort themselves out. Simply guard the borders and wait." The court then appointed Zhang Yuanyi prefect of Dai. Soon the garrison split, citing Li Zhongqian's unsuitability, and the court withdrew his appointment. On renxu day in the eleventh month an edict promised that once Yuanyi left Dingzhou, the Yiwu soldiers who had plotted to install him would all be pardoned.
21
以義昌節度使李彥佐爲天平節度使，以劉約爲義昌節度使。
Li Yanzuo was transferred from Yichang to Tianping, and Liu Yue was made military governor of Yichang.
22
丁卯，張元益出定州。
On dingmao day Zhang Yuanyi departed Dingzhou.
23
庚午，上問翰林學士柳公權以外議，對曰：「郭旼除邠寧，外間頗以爲疑。」 上曰：「旼，尚父之侄，太后叔父，在官無過，自金吾作小鎮，外間何尤焉？」 對曰：「非謂旼不應爲節度使也。 聞陛下近取旼二女入宮，有之乎？」 上曰：「然，入參太皇太后耳。」 公權曰：「外間不知，皆雲旼納女後宮，故得方鎮。」 上俯首良久曰：「然則奈何？」 對曰：「獨有自南內遣歸其家，則外議自息矣」是日，太皇太后遣中使送二女還旼家。 上好詩，嘗欲置詩學士。 李玨曰：「今之詩人浮薄，無益於理。」 乃止。
On gengwu day the emperor asked Hanlin scholar Liu Gongquan what people were saying outside the palace. Liu answered, "Guo Min's appointment to Binning has stirred widespread unease." The emperor said, "Min is Shangfu's nephew and the empress dowager's uncle. He has done nothing wrong in office. Moving him from the Golden Guards to a small circuit—what is there for people to complain about?" Liu answered, "I do not mean Min is unfit to be a military governor. But I hear Your Majesty recently took two of his daughters into the palace. Is that true?" The emperor said, "Yes—they were brought in to serve the grand empress dowager." Gongquan said, "People outside do not know that. They all say Min traded his daughters for a military commission." The emperor lowered his head for a long time and asked, "Then what can be done?" Liu said, "Only send them back from the Southern Inner Palace to Min's home, and the rumors will die." That same day the grand empress dowager sent envoys to return the two daughters to Min. The emperor loved poetry and once wanted to create a post of poetry academician. Li Jue objected, "Poets today are shallow; they do nothing for statecraft." The idea was dropped.
24
甲戌以蔡州刺史韓威爲義武節度使。
On jiaxu day Han Wei, prefect of Cai, was appointed military governor of Yiwu.
25
河東節度使、司徒、中書令裴度以疾求歸東都，十二月，辛丑，詔度入知政事，遣中使敦諭上道。 鄭覃累表辭位，丙午，詔：三五日一入中書。
Pei Du, military governor of Hedong, grand preceptor, and chief minister, asked to retire to Luoyang because of illness. In the twelfth month, on xinchou day, an edict recalled him to take part in government, and envoys were sent to hurry him on his way. Zheng Tan repeatedly asked to resign; on bingwu day an edict allowed him to attend the Secretariat only every few days.
26
是歳，吐蕃彝泰贊普卒，弟達磨立。 彝泰多病，委政大臣，由是僅能自守，久不爲邊患。 達磨荒淫殘虐，國人不附，災異相繼，吐蕃益衰。
That year the Tibetan ruler Yitai died and his younger brother Damo succeeded. Yitai had been sickly and left affairs to his ministers, so Tibet barely held together and had not troubled the borders for years. Damo was dissolute and brutal; the people turned against him; omens and disasters piled up, and Tibet weakened further.
27
春，閏正月，己亥，裴度至京師，以疾歸第，不能入見。 上勞問賜賚，使者旁午。 三月，丙戌，薨，謚曰文忠。 上怪度無遺表，問其家，得半稿，以儲嗣未定爲憂，言不及私。 度身貌不逾中人，而威望遠達四夷。 四夷見唐使，輒問度老少用捨。 以身系國家輕重如郭子儀者，二十餘年。
In spring, on jihai day in the intercalary first month, Pei Du reached the capital but was too ill to attend court and went straight home. The emperor sent condolences and gifts; envoys arrived in an endless stream. In the third month, on bingxu day, he died and was given the posthumous name Wenzhong. The emperor was surprised that Du had left no death memorial; the family produced a half-finished draft showing anxiety that the succession was unsettled and saying nothing personal. Du was no taller than an average man, yet his authority reached the four quarters. Whenever foreign envoys met Tang officials they asked whether Pei Du was still young or old and still in or out of office. For more than twenty years no one had borne the state's weight on his person as Guo Ziyi had.
28
夏，四月，戊辰，上稱判度支杜悰之才，楊嗣復、李玨因請除悰戸部尚書，陳夷行曰：「恩旨當由上出，自古失其國者未始不由權在臣下也。」 玨曰：「陛下嘗語臣雲，人主當擇宰相，不當疑宰相。」 五月，丁亥，上與宰相論政事，陳夷行復言不宜使威權在下，李玨曰：「夷行意疑宰相中有弄陛下威權者耳。 臣屢求退，苟得王傅，臣之幸也。」 鄭覃曰：「陛下開成元年、二年政事殊美，三年、四年漸不如前。」 楊嗣復曰：「元年、二年鄭覃、夷行用事，三年、四年臣與李玨同之，罪皆在臣！」 因叩頭曰：「臣不敢更入中書！」 遂趨出。 上遣中使召還，勞之曰：「鄭覃失言，卿何遽爾！」 覃起謝曰：「臣愚拙，意亦不屬嗣復； 而遽如是，乃嗣復不容臣耳。」 嗣復曰：「覃言政事一年不如一年，非獨臣應得罪，亦上累聖德。」 退，三上表辭位，上遣中使召出之，癸巳，始入朝。 丙申，門下侍郎、同平章事鄭覃罷爲右僕射，陳夷行罷爲吏部侍郎。 覃性清儉，夷行亦耿介，故嗣復等深疾之。
In summer, on wuchen day in the fourth month, the emperor praised Du Cong, acting head of the treasury. Yang Sifu and Li Jue asked to make him minister of revenue. Chen Yixing objected, "Imperial favor must come from the throne. States are lost when ministers seize power." Jue said, "Your Majesty once told me that a ruler should choose his ministers and not suspect them." On dinghai day in the fifth month the emperor discussed policy with his ministers. Chen Yixing again warned against power below the throne. Li Jue said, "Yixing suspects one of us is manipulating Your Majesty. I have asked to resign many times. If I may become tutor to the heir, I would count myself fortunate." Zheng Tan said, "In Kaicheng one and two your rule was excellent; in three and four it has slipped." Yang Sifu shot back, "In one and two Tan and Yixing ran things; in three and four Jue and I did. Blame me if you like!" He kowtowed and cried, "I dare not enter the Secretariat again!" Then he rushed out. The emperor sent an envoy to call him back and said, "Tan spoke rashly—why take it so hard?" Tan rose and apologized, "I spoke clumsily and did not mean Sifu; but he acts like this because Sifu will not tolerate me." Sifu said, "Tan said each year the government grows worse. That insults not only me but Your Majesty's virtue." He withdrew and submitted three resignations; the emperor sent envoys to coax him back; on guisi day he finally returned to court. On bingshen day Zheng Tan was demoted from co–grand councilor to right vice director, and Chen Yixing to vice minister of personnel. Tan was austere and Yixing rigid; Sifu and his allies hated them deeply.
29
上以鹽鐵推官、檢校禮部員外郎姚勖能鞫疑獄，命權知職方員外郎，右丞韋溫不聽，上奏稱：「郎官朝廷清選，不宜以賞能吏。」 上乃以勖檢校禮部郎中，依前鹽鐵推官。 六月，丁丑，上以其事問宰相楊嗣復，對曰：「溫志在澄清流品。 右有吏能者皆不得清流，則天下之事孰爲陛下理之！ 恐似衰晉之風。」 然上素重溫，終不奪其所守。
“The emperor wanted to promote Yao Xu, a salt-and-iron investigator who excelled at criminal cases, to acting director of bureaucratic appointments, but vice director Wei Wen refused. The emperor argued that court posts should not be rewards for clerical skill.” The emperor then made Xu acting director of rites while keeping him on the salt-and-iron staff. On dingchou day in the sixth month the emperor asked Yang Sifu about the dispute. Sifu said, "Wen wants to keep the pure stream pure. If men of administrative talent cannot join the pure stream, who will run the government for Your Majesty? That sounds like the dying days of Jin." The emperor respected Wen too much to overrule him.
30
秋，七月，癸未，以張元益爲左驍衞將軍，以其母侯莫陳氏爲趙國太夫人，賜絹二百匹。 易定之亂，侯莫陳氏説諭將士，且戒元益以順朝命，故賞之。
In autumn, on guiwei day in the seventh month, Zhang Yuanyi was made general of the Left Valiant Guards; his mother Lady Houmo Chen was made grand lady of Zhao and given two hundred bolts of silk. During the Yiding revolt she had persuaded the troops and urged Yuanyi to obey the court, and was rewarded for it.
31
甲辰，以太常卿崔鄲同中書門下平章事。 鄲，郾之弟也。
On jiachen day Cui Lin, director of imperial sacrifices, was made grand councilor. Lin was the younger brother of Cui Yan.
32
八月，辛亥，鄜王憬薨。
In the eighth month, on xinhai day, Prince of Bin Yun died.
33
癸酉，昭義節度使劉從諫上言：「蕭本詐稱太后弟，上下皆稱蕭弘是真，以本來自左軍，故弘爲台司所抑。 今弘詣臣，求臣上聞。 乞追弘赴闕，與本對推，以正真偽。」 詔三司鞫之。 冬，十月，乙卯，上就起居舍人魏謨取記注觀之，謨不可，曰：「記注兼書善惡，所以儆戒入君。 陛下但力爲善，不必觀史！」 上曰：「朕向嘗觀之。」 對曰：「此曏日史官之罪也。 若陛下自觀史，則史官必有所諱避，何以取信於後！」 上乃止。
On guiyou day Liu Congjian, military governor of Zhaoyi, wrote, "Xiao Ben falsely claimed to be the empress dowager's brother. Everyone says Xiao Hong is genuine, but because Ben came from the Left Army, Hong was blocked by the censorate. Now Hong has come to me and asks me to report to the throne. Summon Hong to court and confront him with Ben to settle who is real." The court ordered the three judicial offices to investigate. In winter, on yimao day in the tenth month, the emperor asked Wei Mo for the imperial diary to read. Mo refused, saying, "The diary records good and evil alike to warn the ruler. Your Majesty should simply do good—you need not read the history!" The emperor said, "I have read it before." Mo replied, "That was the fault of earlier historians. If Your Majesty reads it, historians will flatter you—how will posterity trust the record?" The emperor gave up the idea.
34
楊妃請立皇弟安王溶爲嗣，上謀於宰相，李玨非之。 丙寅，立敬宗少子陳王成美爲皇太子。 丁卯，上幸會寧殿作樂，有童子緣橦，一夫來往走其下如狂。 上怪之，左右曰：「其父也。」 上泫然流涕曰：「朕貴爲天子，不能全一子。」 召教坊劉楚材等四人、宮人張十十等十人，責之曰：「構害太子，皆爾曹也！ 今更立太子，復欲爾邪？」 執以付吏，己巳，皆殺之。 上因是感傷，舊疾遂增。
Consort Yang wanted Prince of An Rong installed as heir; the emperor consulted his ministers, and Li Jue objected. On bingyin day Prince of Chen Chengmei, a younger son of Emperor Jingzong, was named crown prince. On dingmao day the emperor watched music at the Hall of Tranquil Union. A boy performed on a pole while a man ran beneath him as if crazed. The emperor was startled. Attendants said, "That is his father." The emperor wept and said, "I am emperor yet I could not save even one son." He summoned four musicians of the Music Bureau and ten palace women and accused them, "You destroyed the crown prince! Do you mean to do the same to the new heir?" They were handed to the law officers, and on jisi day all were killed. Grief worsened his old illness.
35
十一月，三司案蕭本、蕭弘皆非真太后弟。 本除名，流愛州，弘流儋州。 而太后真弟在閔中，終不能自達。
In the eleventh month the three offices ruled that neither Xiao Ben nor Xiao Hong was the empress dowager's real brother. Ben was disgraced and exiled to Aizhou; Hong to Danzhou. The empress dowager's real brother lived in Fujian and never reached the court.
36
乙亥，上疾少間，坐思政殿，召當直學士周墀，賜之酒，因問曰：「朕可方前代何主？」 對曰：「陛下堯、舜之主也。」 上曰：「朕豈敢比堯、舜！ 所以問卿者，何如周赧、漢獻耳。」 墀驚曰：「彼亡國之主，豈可比聖德！」 上曰：「赧、獻受制於強諸侯，今朕受制於家奴，以此言之，朕殆不如！」 因泣下沾襟，墀伏地流涕，自是不復視朝。
On yihai day, when his illness briefly eased, the emperor sat in the Hall of Governance, summoned duty academician Zhou Chi, gave him wine, and asked, "Which ruler of old am I like?" Chi answered, "Your Majesty is a Yao or Shun." The emperor said, "How dare I compare myself to Yao and Shun! I meant—am I like King Nan of Zhou or Emperor Xian of Han?" Chi was shocked. "Those were doomed rulers—how can they compare to Your Majesty?" The emperor said, "Nan and Xian were controlled by powerful lords. I am controlled by household slaves. In that respect I am worse than they!" Tears soaked his robe; Chi lay weeping on the floor. The emperor never held court again.
37
是歳，天下戸口四百九十九萬六千七百五十二。
That year registered households in the empire totaled 4,996,752.
38
回鶻相安允合、特勒柴革謀作亂，彰信可汗殺之。 相掘羅勿將兵在外，以馬三百賂沙陀朱邪赤心，借其兵共攻可汗。 可汗兵敗，自殺，國人立馺特勒爲可汗。 會歳疫，大雪，羊、馬多死，回鶻遂衰。 赤心，執宜之子也。
Uighur chancellor An Yunhe and tele Tiele Chaige plotted rebellion; the Zhenxin qaghan had them killed. Chancellor Juoluowu, commanding troops abroad, bribed the Shatuo leader Zhuye Chixin with three hundred horses for help attacking the qaghan. The qaghan's army was defeated and he killed himself; the people installed Facha as qaghan. Plague and heavy snow killed many herds, and the Uighurs weakened further. Chixin was the son of Zhuye Zhiyi.
39
春，正月，己卯，詔立穎王瀍爲皇太弟，應軍國事權令句當。 且言太子成美年尚沖幼，未漸師資，可復封陳王。 時上疾甚，命知樞密劉弘逸、薛季陵引楊嗣復、李玨至禁中，欲奉太子監國。 中尉仇士良、魚弘志以太子之立，功不在己，乃言太子幼，且有疾，更議所立。 李玨曰：「太子位已定，豈得中變！」 士良、弘志遂矯詔立瀍爲太弟。 是日，士良、弘志將兵詣十六宅，迎穎王至少陽院，百官謁見于思賢殿。 瀍沉毅有斷，喜慍不形於色。 與安王溶皆素爲上所厚，異於諸王。 辛巳，上崩於太和殿。 以楊嗣復攝塚宰。 癸未，仇士良説太弟賜楊賢妃、安王溶、陳王成美死。 敕大行以十四日殯，成服。 諫議大夫裴夷直上言期日太遠，不聽。 時仇士良等追怨文宗，凡樂工及內侍得幸於文宗者，誅貶相繼。 夷直復上言：「陛下自籓維繼統，是宜儼然在疚，以哀慕爲心，速行喪禮，早議大政，以慰天下。 而未及數日，屢誅戮先帝近臣，驚率土之視聽，傷先帝之神靈，人情何瞻！ 國體至重，若使此輩無罪，固不可刑； 若其有罪，彼已在天網之內，無所逃伏，旬日之外行之何晩！」 不聽。 辛卯，文宗始大斂。 武宗即位。 甲午，追尊上母韋妃爲皇太后。
In spring, on jimao day in the first month, an edict made Prince of Ying Chan imperial younger brother with charge of military and state affairs. It said Crown Prince Chengmei was still young and untutored and could be re-enfeoffed as Prince of Chen. The emperor was gravely ill and ordered Liu Hongyi and Xue Jiling to bring Yang Sifu and Li Jue into the palace so the crown prince could oversee the state. Chief commandants Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hongzhi, who had gained nothing from the crown prince's appointment, said he was young and sick and another heir should be chosen. Li Jue said, "The heir is already chosen—how can you change him now?" Shiliang and Hongzhi forged an edict making Chan imperial younger brother instead. That day they led troops to the princes' quarters, brought the Prince of Ying to Shaoyang, and officials paid homage at the Hall of Worthy Counsel. Chan was deep, resolute, and inscrutable. He and Prince of An Rong had long been the emperor's favorites among the princes. On xinsi day the emperor died in the Hall of Grand Harmony. Yang Sifu was named acting chief mourner. On guiwei day Shiliang persuaded the new ruler to execute Worthy Consort Yang and Princes Rong and Chengmei. An edict set the fourteenth day for encoffining the late emperor. Censor Pei Yizhi said the date was too far off; he was ignored. Shiliang and his allies now hunted down every musician and eunuch Wenzong had favored. Yizhi memorialized again, "Your Majesty succeeded from a princely estate. You should mourn properly, hurry the funeral, and take up government soon to comfort the realm. Yet within days he executed Wenzong's closest attendants, shocking the realm, wounding Wenzong's spirit, and leaving the people nowhere to turn their gaze. The dignity of the state is at stake. If they are innocent, they must not be punished; if they are guilty, they are already in heaven's net. Waiting ten days would change nothing." The emperor refused. On xinmao day Wenzong's body was formally encoffined. Wuzong ascended the throne. On jiawu day the new emperor's mother, Consort Wei, was honored as empress dowager.
40
二月，乙卯，赦天下。
In the second month, on yimao day, the empire was pardoned.
41
丙寅，謚韋太后曰宣懿。
On bingyin day Empress Dowager Wei was given the temple name Xuanyi.
42
夏，五月，己卯，門下侍郎、同平章事楊嗣復罷爲吏部尚書，以刑部尚書崔珙同平章事兼鹽鐵轉運使。
In summer, on jimao day in the fifth month, Yang Sifu was demoted to minister of personnel and Cui Gong, minister of punishments, was made co–grand councilor and salt-and-iron commissioner.
43
秋，八月，壬戌，葬元聖昭獻孝皇帝於章陵，廟號文宗。
In autumn, on renxu day in the eighth month, Wenzong was buried at Zhangling.
44
庚午，門下侍郎、同平章事李玨坐爲山陵使龍輴陷，罷爲太常卿。 貶京兆尹敬昕爲郴州司馬。
On gengwu day Li Jue was demoted to director of imperial sacrifices because the imperial hearse sank while he oversaw Wenzong's tomb. Jingzhao prefect Jing Xin was demoted to vice prefect of Chenzhou.
45
義武軍亂，逐節度使陳君賞。 君賞募勇士數百，復入軍城，誅亂者。
The Yiwu garrison mutinied and expelled military governor Chen Junshang. Junshang raised several hundred warriors, re-entered the garrison city, and killed the ringleaders.
46
初，上之立非宰相意，故楊嗣復、李玨相繼罷去，召淮南節度使李德裕入朝。 九月，甲戌朔，至京師。 丁丑，以德裕爲門下侍郎、同平章事。 庚辰，德裕入謝，言於上曰：「致理之要，在於辯群臣之邪正。 夫邪正二者，勢不相容。 正人指邪人爲邪，邪人亦指正人爲邪，人主辯之甚難。 臣以爲正人如松柏，特立不倚； 邪人如籐蘿，非附他物不能自起。 故正人一心事君，而邪人競爲朋黨。 先帝深知朋黨之患，然所用卒皆朋黨之人，良由執心不定，故奸邪得乘間而入也。 夫宰相不能人人忠良，或爲欺罔。 主心始疑，於是旁詢小臣以察執政。 如德宗末年，所聽任者惟裴延齡輩，宰相署敕而已，此政事所以日亂也。 陛下誠能慎擇賢才以爲宰相，有奸罔者立黜去之，常令政事皆出中書，推心委任，堅定不移，則天下何憂不理哉！」 又曰：「先帝於大臣好爲形跡，小過皆含容不言，日累月積，以至禍敗。 茲事大誤，願陛下以爲戒！ 臣等有罪，陛下當面詰之。 事苟無實，得以辯明； 若其有實，辭理自窮。 小過則容其悛改，大罪則加之誅遣，如此，君臣之際無疑間矣。」 上嘉納之。
Wuzong's accession had not been the ministers' plan, so Yang Sifu and Li Jue were dismissed and Li Deyu was recalled from Huainan. In the ninth month, on the first day of the month, he reached the capital. On dingchou day Deyu was made vice director of the Secretariat and co–grand councilor. On gengchen day Deyu thanked the emperor and said, "Good government depends on telling loyal ministers from corrupt ones. The two cannot coexist. Each calls the other wicked, and the ruler's task is hard. Upright men are like pine and cypress, standing alone; wicked men are like vines that cannot rise without clinging to something else. Upright men serve the throne wholeheartedly; wicked men form factions. Wenzong knew the harm of factions yet ended up employing faction men because his resolve wavered and the wicked slipped in. Not every minister is loyal; some deceive. Once the ruler grows suspicious he consults petty officials about his ministers. Like Dezong's last years, when he listened only to flatterers while ministers merely countersigned—that is how government decays. Choose worthy ministers, dismiss deceivers at once, keep government in the Secretariat, and trust your ministers firmly—the realm will govern itself." He also said, "Wenzong noted his ministers' every move, swallowed small faults in silence, and piled up resentment until disaster struck. That was a grave mistake. Your Majesty must avoid it! When we are accused, question us to our faces. If the charge is false, we can answer it; if it is true, we will have no defense. Pardon small faults and punish great crimes openly—then ruler and minister will trust one another." The emperor approved.
47
初，德裕在淮南，敕召監軍楊欽義。 人皆言必知樞密，德裕待之無加禮，欽義心銜之。 一旦，獨延欽義，置酒中堂，情禮極厚。 陳珍玩數床，罷酒，皆以贈之，欽義大喜過望。 行至汴州，敕復還淮南，欽義盡以所餉歸之。 德裕曰：「此何直！」 卒以與之。 其後欽義竟知樞密； 德裕柄用，欽義頗有力焉。
While Deyu was in Huainan, the court summoned army supervisor Yang Qinyi. Everyone assumed he would join the Bureau of Military Affairs; Deyu treated him casually, and Qinyi resented it. One day Deyu entertained Qinyi alone in the central hall with exceptional courtesy. He displayed rare treasures and gave them all to Qinyi when the banquet ended. Qinyi was astonished. At Bianzhou an edict sent him back to Huainan, and he returned the gifts. Deyu said, "Keep them—they are nothing." He insisted Qinyi keep them. Qinyi did become director of the Bureau of Military Affairs; and when Deyu held power, Qinyi helped him greatly.
48
初，伊吾之西，焉耆之北，有黠戛斯部落，即古之堅昆，唐初結骨也，後更號黠戛斯。 乾元中爲回鶻所破，自是隔閡不通中國。 其君長曰阿熱，建牙青山，去回鶻牙，橐駝行四十日。 其人悍勇，吐蕃、回鶻常賂遺之，假以官號。 回鶻既衰，阿熱始自稱可汗。 回鶻遣相國將兵擊之，連兵二十餘年，數爲黠戛斯所敗，詈回鶻曰：「汝運盡矣，我必取汝金帳！」 金帳者，回鶻可汗所居帳也。 及掘羅勿殺彰信可汗，立馺，回鶻別將句録莫賀引黠戛斯十萬騎攻回鶻，大破之，殺馺及掘羅勿，焚其牙帳蕩盡，回鶻諸部逃散。 其相馺職、特勒厖等址五部西奔葛邏祿，一支奔吐蕃，一支奔安西，可汗兄弟嗢沒斯等及其相赤心、僕固、特勒那頡啜各帥其眾抵天德塞下，就雜虜貿易谷食，且求內附。 冬，十月，丙辰，天德軍使溫德彝奏：「回鶻潰兵侵逼西城，亙六十里，不見其後。 邊人以回鶻猥至，恐懼不安。」 詔振武節度使劉沔屯雲迦關以備之。
West of Yiwu and north of Yanqi lived the Kirghiz—the ancient Jiankun, called Jiegu in early Tang, later Kirghiz. The Uighurs defeated them in the Qianyuan era, and contact with China ceased. Their leader A-re established his headquarters at Green Mountain, forty days' camel march from the Uighur capital. They were fierce warriors; Tibet and the Uighurs bribed them with titles. When the Uighurs weakened, A-re proclaimed himself qaghan. The Uighurs sent their chancellor against them. For twenty years the Kirghiz beat them and taunted them: "Your luck is spent—I will take your Golden Tent!" The Golden Tent was the qaghan's dwelling. When Juoluowu killed the qaghan and installed Facha, General Juluomohe led a hundred thousand Kirghiz horsemen, crushed the Uighurs, killed Facha and Juoluowu, burned their capital, and the tribes fled. Chancellor Sazhi and tele Pang led five tribes west to the Geluolu; others fled to Tibet or Anxi; the qaghan's brothers Wumosi and chancellors Chixin and Pugu led their people to Tiande, traded for grain, and asked to submit. In winter, on bingchen day in the tenth month, Tiande commissioner Wen Deyi reported, "Broken Uighur forces press the western frontier for sixty li with no end in sight. Border people are terrified by the Uighur influx." The court ordered Liu Mian of Zhenwu to guard Yunguan Pass.
49
魏博節度使何進滔薨，軍中推其子都知兵馬使重順知留後。
Weibo military governor He Jintao died; the troops made his son Zhongshun acting commissioner.
50
蕭太后徙居興慶宮積慶殿，號積慶太后。
Empress Dowager Xiao moved to the Hall of Accumulated Blessings and took the title Accumulated Blessings Empress Dowager.
51
十一月，癸酉朔，上幸雲陽校獵。
On guiyou day, the first of the eleventh month, the emperor hunted at Yunyang.
52
故事，新天子即位，兩省官同署名。 上之即位也，諫議大夫裴夷直漏名，由是出爲杭州刺史。
By precedent both secretariats countersigned when a new emperor took the throne. At Wuzong's accession Pei Yizhi omitted his signature and was sent out as prefect of Hangzhou.
53
開府儀同三司、左衞上將軍兼內謁者監仇士良，請以開府廕其子爲千牛，給事中李中敏判云：「開府階誠宜廕子，謁者監何由有兒？」 士良慚恚。 李德裕亦以中敏爲楊嗣復之黨，惡之，出爲婺州刺史。
Qiu Shiliang asked to use his honors to make his son a Thousand-Bull guardsman. Li Zhongmin ruled, "Honors may enfeoff a son, but how can a palace attendant have one?" Shiliang was humiliated and furious. Deyu thought Zhongmin a partisan of Yang Sifu and sent him out as prefect of Wu.
54
十二月，庚申，以何重順知魏博留後事。
On gengshen day in the twelfth month Zhongshun was confirmed as acting Weibo commissioner.
55
立皇子峻爲杞王。
Prince Jun was enfeoffed as Prince of Qi.
56
武宗至道昭肅孝皇帝上
Emperor Wuzong Zhidao Zhaosu Xiaohuangdi, Part One
57
春，正月，辛巳，上祀圓丘，赦天下，改元。
In spring, on xinsi day in the first month, the emperor sacrificed at the Round Mound, pardoned the empire, and changed the era name.
58
劉沔奏回鶻已退，詔沔還鎮。
Liu Mian reported the Uighurs had withdrawn and was ordered back to his post.
59
二月，回鶻十三部近牙帳者立烏希特勒爲烏介可汗，南保錯子山。
In the second month thirteen Uighur tribes near the old capital installed Wuhuile as Wujie qaghan and withdrew south to Cuozishan.
60
三月，甲戌，以御史大夫陳夷行爲門下侍郎、同平章事。
On jiaxu day in the third month Chen Yixing was made vice director of the Secretariat and co–grand councilor.
61
初，知樞密劉弘逸、薛季陵寵於文宗，仇士良惡之。 上之立，非二人及宰相意，故楊嗣復出爲湖南觀察使，李玨出爲桂管觀察使。 士良屢譖弘逸等於上，勸上除之。 乙未，賜弘逸、季陵死，遣中使就潭、桂州誅嗣復及玨。 戸部尚書杜悰奔馬見李德裕曰：「天子年少，新即位，茲事不宜手滑！」 丙申，德裕與崔珙、崔鄲、陳夷行三上奏，又邀樞密使至中書，使入奏。 以爲：「德宗疑劉晏動搖東宮而殺之，中外鹹以爲冤，兩河不臣者由茲恐懼，得以爲辭。 德宗後悔，録其子孫。 文宗疑宋申錫交通籓邸，竄謫至死。 既而追悔，爲之出涕。 嗣復、玨等若有罪惡，乞更加重貶。 必不可容，亦當先行訊鞫，俟罪狀著白，誅之未晩。 今不謀於臣等，遽遣使誅之，人情莫不震駭。 願開延英賜對。」 至晡時，開延英，召德裕等入。 德裕等泣涕極言：「陛下宜重慎此舉，毋致後悔！」 上曰：「朕不悔！」 三命之坐，德裕等曰：「臣等願陛下免二人於死，勿使既死而眾以爲冤。 今未奉聖旨，臣等不敢坐。」 久之，上乃曰：「特爲卿等釋之。」 德裕等躍下階舞蹈。 上召升坐，歎曰：「朕嗣位之際，宰相何嘗比數！ 李玨、季陵志在陳王，嗣復、弘逸志在安王。 陳王猶是文宗遺意，安王則專附楊妃。 嗣復仍與妃書云：『姑何不效則天臨朝！』 向使安王得志，朕那復有今日？」 德裕等曰：「茲事暖昧，虛實難知。」 上曰：「楊妃嘗有疾，文宗聽其弟玄思入侍月餘，以此得通意旨。 朕細詢內人，情狀皎然，非虛也。」 遂追還二使，更貶嗣復爲潮州刺史，李玨爲昭州刺史，裴夷直爲驩州司戸。
Liu Hongyi and Xue Jiling of the Bureau of Military Affairs had been Wenzong's favorites; Shiliang hated them. Wuzong's accession had not been their doing, so Yang Sifu was sent to Hunan and Li Jue to Guiguan. Shiliang repeatedly slandered them and urged the emperor to kill them. On yiwei day Hongyi and Jiling were executed; envoys were sent to kill Sifu and Jue in exile. Du Cong galloped to Deyu and said, "The emperor is young and new to the throne—he must not act rashly in this!" On bingshen day Deyu, Cui Gong, Cui Lin, and Chen Yixing submitted three joint memorials and brought military commissioners to the Secretariat to appeal. “They argued that Dezong had killed Liu Yan on suspicion and the empire had called it unjust, giving the Hebei rebels an excuse. Dezong later regretted it and honored Yan's descendants. Wenzong suspected Song Shenxi of plotting with princes and exiled him to his death. Wenzong later wept with regret. If Sifu and Jue are guilty, demote them further. If they must die, interrogate them first and execute when guilt is proven. To send executioners without consulting us terrifies everyone. We beg an audience at Yanying Hall." That afternoon Yanying was opened and Deyu was summoned. Deyu wept and begged, "Your Majesty must weigh this act carefully lest you regret it!" The emperor said, "I will not regret it!" Three times he ordered them to sit. Deyu said, "Spare their lives so the people will not call it murder after they are dead. We dare not sit without your command." At last the emperor said, "For your sake alone I spare them." Deyu and the others leaped down and danced for joy. The emperor sighed, "At my succession, did my ministers ever count for anything? Jue and Jiling favored Prince of Chen; Sifu and Hongyi favored Prince of An. Chen still reflected Wenzong's wish; An relied wholly on Consort Yang. Sifu even wrote Yang, 'Why not rule from court like Wu Zetian?' Had An won, would I be emperor today?" Deyu said, "These charges are murky; who can know the truth?" The emperor said, "When Yang was ill, Wenzong let her brother Xuanzi attend her for a month and won her favor. I questioned the women of the inner palace closely, and the facts are plain; this is no slander." With that he recalled the two executioners and demoted Sifu again to prefect of Chaozhou, Li Jue to prefect of Zhaozhou, and Pei Yizhi to registrar of Huanzhou.
62
夏，六月，乙巳，詔：「自今臣下論人罪惡，並應請付御史台案問，毋得乞留中，以杜讒邪。」
In the sixth month of summer, on yisi day, an edict declared: "Henceforth any subject who accuses another of wrongdoing must refer the case to the Censorate for inquiry; no one may ask to have the charge kept within the palace to shut out slander and faction."3
63
以魏博留後何重順爲節度使。
He Zhongshun, the Weibo regent, was appointed full military governor.
64
上命道士趙歸真於三殿建九天道塲，親授法菉。 右拾遺王哲上疏切諫，坐貶河南府士曹。
The emperor had the Daoist Zhao Guizhen build a Nine Heavens ritual altar in the Three Halls and personally confer ritual registers upon him. Wang Zhe, Right Reminder of the Censorate, sent in a sharply worded remonstrance and was punished with demotion to a clerical post in Henan.
65
秋，八月，加仇士良觀軍容使。
In the eighth month of autumn Qiu Shiliang was promoted to commissioner of army supervision.
66
天德軍使田牟、監軍韋仲平欲擊回鶻以求功，奏稱：「回鶻叛將嗢沒斯等侵逼塞下，吐-{谷}-渾、沙陀、党項皆世與爲仇，請自出兵驅逐。」 上命朝臣議之，議者皆以爲嗢沒斯等叛可汗而來，不可受，宜如牟等所請，擊之便。 上以問宰相，李德裕以爲：「窮鳥入懷，猶當活之。 況回鶻屢建大功，今爲鄰國所破，部落離散，窮無所歸，遠依天子，無秋毫犯塞，奈何乘其困而擊之！ 宜遣使者鎮撫，運糧食以賜之，此漢宣帝所以服呼韓邪也。」 陳夷行曰：「此所謂借寇兵資盜糧也，不如擊之。」 德裕曰：「彼吐-{谷}-渾等各有部落，見利則銳敏爭進，不利則鳥驚魚散，各走巢穴，安肯守死爲國家用！ 今天德城兵才千餘，若戰不利，城陷必矣。 不若以恩義撫而安之，必不爲患。 縱使侵暴邊境，亦須俟征諸道大兵討之，豈可獨使天德擊之乎！」 時詔以鴻臚卿張賈爲巡邊使，使察回鶻情偽，未還。 上問德裕曰：『嗢沒斯等請降，可保信乎？』 對曰：「朝中之人，臣不敢保，況敢保數千里外戎狄之心乎！ 然謂之叛將，則恐不可。 若可汗在國，嗢沒斯等帥眾而來，則於體固不可受。 今聞其國敗亂無主，將相逃散，或奔吐蕃，或奔葛邏祿，惟此一支遠依大國。 觀其表辭，危迫懇切，豈可謂之叛將乎！ 況嗢沒斯等自去年九月至天德，今年二月始立烏介，自無君臣之分。 願且詔河東、振武嚴兵保境以備之，俟其攻犯城鎮，然後以動力驅除。 或於吐-{谷}-渾等部中小有抄掠，聽自仇報，亦未可助以官軍。 仍詔田牟、仲平毋得邀功生事，常令不失大信，懷柔得宜，彼雖戎狄，必知感恩。」 辛酉，詔田牟約勒將士及雜虜，毋得先犯回鶻。 九月，戊辰朔，詔河東、振武嚴兵以備之。 牟，布之弟也。
Tian Mu of Tiande Army and his army supervisor Wei Zhongping sought glory by attacking the Uighurs. They reported: "The Uighur renegades Wamosi and his followers are pressing the border defenses. The Tuyuhun, Shatuo, and Tangut have feuded with them for generations; we request permission to drive them off ourselves." The emperor put the matter before the court. Most agreed that Wamosi and his men had turned on their khan and should not be sheltered; they favored Tian Mu's plan and said it would be best to attack at once. When the emperor asked his chief ministers, Li Deyu said, "Even a bird so desperate it flies into one's arms deserves to live. The Uighurs have served the throne repeatedly; now a neighbor has broken them, their clans are scattered, and they have nowhere left to go. They come from afar to seek the emperor's protection and have not touched our borders in the least—how can we strike them when they are at their weakest? Send envoys to reassure them and ship grain in relief—that is how Emperor Xuan of Han won over Huhanye of the Xiongnu." Chen Yixing objected, "That is feeding the enemy and arming brigands. We would do better to attack." Deyu replied, "The Tuyuhun and the others each have their own tribes. If profit beckons they race forward; if fortune turns they scatter like birds and fish to their lairs. None of them will stand and die for the empire's sake! Tiande garrison has barely a thousand men. If battle goes badly, the fortress is lost. Treat them with kindness and they will cause no trouble. Even if they do raid the frontier, we should wait until columns from every circuit can be assembled before we move. Tiande alone must not carry the fight!" By then the court had already sent Zhang Jia of the Office of Diplomatic Reception as frontier inspector to weigh the Uighurs' intentions; he had not yet returned. The emperor asked Deyu, "Can we trust Wamosi and his men when they offer to submit? Deyu answered, "I would not guarantee even a court colleague's loyalty—how could I guarantee the hearts of nomads a thousand leagues away? Still, to label them renegades may be unjust. If their khan still ruled at home and Wamosi marched here at the head of an army, protocol would forbid receiving them. Now we hear their realm is in chaos without a master, their ministers fled—some to Tibet, some to the Qarlugs—and only this band has come far to lean on the throne. Their memorial reads desperate and sincere; to call them renegades would be wrong. Besides, Wamosi reached Tiande last September, while Wujie was not proclaimed khan until February—there was never any bond of ruler and subject between them. Order Hedong and Zhenwu to hold the frontier in strength and wait. Only when they actually attack a town should we muster full force to expel them. If they only skirmish with the Tuyuhun and the like, let those hereditary enemies fight it out among themselves; we should not send imperial troops to help. Tell Tian Mu and Zhongping not to seek glory or stir trouble. Keep faith with them and treat them fairly—even nomads will feel gratitude." On xinyou day the emperor ordered Tian Mu to keep his soldiers and allied tribes from striking the Uighurs first. On the first day of the ninth month an edict told Hedong and Zhenwu to stand ready on the frontier. Mu was the younger brother of Tian Bu.
67
癸巳，盧龍軍亂，殺節度使史元忠，推牙將陳行泰主留務。
On guisi day the Lulong garrison revolted, killed Governor Shi Yuanzhong, and made barracks officer Chen Xingtai acting commander.
68
李德裕請遣命慰撫回鶻，且運糧三萬斛以賜之，上以爲疑。 閏月，己亥，開延英，召宰相議之。 陳夷行於候對之所，屢言資盜糧不可。 德裕曰：「今徵兵未集，天德孤危。 倘不以此糧啖饑虜，且使安靜，萬一天德陷沒，咎將誰歸！」 夷行至上前，遂不敢言。 上乃許以谷二萬斛賑之。
Li Deyu urged sending envoys to reassure the Uighurs and shipping thirty thousand bushels of grain in aid; the emperor hesitated. On jihai day in the intercalary month the emperor opened the Yanying Hall and called his chief ministers to counsel. While waiting their turn to speak, Chen Yixing kept insisting that feeding the enemy was unacceptable. Deyu said, "Reinforcements are not yet in place and Tiande stands alone and exposed. If we withhold this grain from starving nomads and fail to keep them quiet, and Tiande should fall—who will bear the blame?" When Yixing came before the throne he said no more. The emperor authorized twenty thousand bushels of grain for relief.
69
以前山南東道節度使、同平章事牛僧孺爲太子太師。 先是漢水溢，壞襄州民居。 故李德裕以爲僧孺罪而廢之。
Niu Sengru, former governor of Shannan East and chief minister, was made grand preceptor of the heir apparent. Earlier floods on the Han had wrecked homes across Xiangzhou. Li Deyu blamed him for the disaster and had him dismissed.
70
盧龍軍復亂，殺陳行泰，立牙將張絳。
Lulong mutinied again, killed Chen Xingtai, and made barracks officer Zhang Zhong their leader.
71
初，陳行泰逐史元忠，遣監軍傔以軍中大將表來求節鉞。 李德裕曰：「河朔事勢，臣所熟諳。 比來朝廷遣使賜詔常太速，故軍情遂固。 若置之數月不問，必自生變。 今請留監軍傔，勿遣使以觀之。」 既而軍中果殺行泰，立張絳，復求節鉞，朝廷亦不問。 會雄武軍使張仲武起兵擊絳，且遣軍吏呉仲舒奉表詣京師，稱絳慘虐，請以本軍討之。 冬，十月，仲舒至京師。 詔宰相問狀，仲舒言：「行泰、絳皆遊客，故人心不附。 仲武幽州舊將，性忠義，通書，習戎事，人心向之。 向者張絳初殺行泰，召仲武，欲以留務讓之，牙中一二百人不可。 仲武行至昌平，絳復卻之。 今計仲武才發雄武，軍中已逐絳矣。」 李德裕問：「雄武士卒幾何？」 對曰：「軍士八百，外有上團五百人。」 德裕曰：「兵少，何以立功？」 對曰：「在得人心。 苟人心不從，兵三萬何益？」 德裕又問：「萬一不克，如何？」 對曰：「幽州糧食皆在媯州及北邊七鎮，萬一未能入，則據居庸關，絶其糧道，幽州自困矣！」 德裕奏：「行泰、絳皆使大將上表，脅朝廷，邀節鉞，故不可與。 今仲武先自表請發兵爲朝廷討亂，與之則似有名。」 乃以仲武知盧龍留後。 仲武尋克幽州。
When Chen Xingtai ousted Shi Yuanzhong he had the army supervisor's aide bring a petition from the senior officers asking for the command seal. Li Deyu said, "I know the ways of the Hebei frontier well. Of late the court has confirmed rebel regimes too quickly, and that only hardens the garrisons' grip. Leave them alone for a few months without a reply and quarrels will break out on their own. Keep the supervisor's aide here and send no envoy—for now let us watch." As he predicted, the garrison killed Xingtai, raised Zhang Zhong, and again demanded the seal; the court still said nothing. Meanwhile Xiongwu commander Zhang Zhongwu marched against Zhong and sent staff officer Wu Zhongshu to the capital with a memorial condemning Zhong's cruelty and asking leave to punish him with his own troops. In the tenth month of winter Wu Zhongshu arrived at the capital. The chief ministers were ordered to question him. Zhongshu said, "Xingtai and Zhong were outsiders, and the troops would not follow them. Zhongwu is a seasoned Youzhou officer—loyal and upright, literate, and skilled in war—and the men look to him. When Zhong first killed Xingtai he called Zhongwu and tried to yield command to him, but a hundred or so barracks men refused. Zhongwu reached Changping, but Zhong sent him back. By now Zhongwu has barely left Xiongwu and the garrison has already expelled Zhong." Li Deyu asked, "How many men does Xiongwu field? Wu answered, "Eight hundred soldiers, plus five hundred local militia. Deyu said, "So few men—how can they prevail? Wu replied, "Victory depends on winning hearts. If the men will not follow, even thirty thousand soldiers are useless." Deyu pressed on, "And if they fail? Wu said, "Youzhou's stores lie at Guizhou and the seven northern garrisons. If they cannot take the city, hold Juyong Pass and cut the supply lines—Youzhou will starve itself into submission! Deyu argued, "Xingtai and Zhong bullied the court through petitions and seized power by force; they must not be rewarded. Zhongwu, by contrast, asked permission to march for the throne; appointing him would look legitimate." Zhongwu was then made acting governor of Lulong. Zhongwu soon took Youzhou.
72
上校獵咸陽。
The emperor hunted near Xianyang.
73
十一月，李德裕上言：「今回鶻破亡，太和公主未知所在。 若不遣使訪問，則戎狄必謂國家降主虜庭，本非愛惜，既負公主，又傷虜情。 請遣通事舍人苗縝繼詔詣溫沒斯，令轉達公主，兼可卜溫沒斯逆順之情。」 從之。
In the eleventh month Li Deyu reported, "The Uighur realm is shattered and Princess Taihe is missing. If we send no envoy to inquire, the nomads will think the throne cares nothing for its own princess and has betrayed her—and that will poison every relationship on the steppe. Send interpreter Miao Zhen with an edict to Wamosi to reach the princess and learn whether Wamosi stands with us or against us." The emperor agreed.
74
上頗好田獵及武戲，五坊小兒得出入禁中，賞賜甚厚。 嘗謁郭太后，從容問爲天子之道，太后勸以納諫。 上退，悉取諫疏閱之，多諫遊獵。 自是上出畋稍希，五坊無復橫賜。
The emperor loved hunting and martial spectacles; youths of the Five Wards wandered freely through the palace and received lavish gifts. Visiting Empress Dowager Guo, he asked her casually how an emperor ought to rule; she told him to heed counsel. Afterward he read through the remonstrances on file—many warned against hunting. After that he hunted less often, and the Five Wards lost their easy bounty.
75
癸亥，以中書侍郎、同平章事崔鄲同平章事，充西川節度使。
On guihai day Cui Tan, vice director of the secretariat and chief minister, was confirmed as chief minister and sent out as governor of Xichuan.
76
初，黠戛斯既破回鶻，得太和公主，自謂李陵之後，與唐同姓，遣達干十人奉公主歸之於唐。 回鶻烏介可汗引兵邀擊達干，盡殺之，質公主，南度磧，屯天德軍境上。 公主遣使上表，言可汗已立，求冊命。 烏介又使其相頡干伽斯等上表，借振武一城以居公主、可汗。 十二月，庚辰，制遣右金吾大將軍王會等慰問回鶻，仍賑米二萬斛。 又賜烏介可汗敕書，諭以「宜帥部眾漸復舊疆，漂寓塞垣，殊非良計。」 又云：「欲借振武一城，前代未有此比。 或欲別遷善地，求大國聲援，亦須且於漠南駐止。 朕當許公主入覲，親問事宜。 儻須應接，必無所吝。」
After the Kirghiz crushed the Uighurs and captured Princess Taihe, they claimed kinship with Tang through Li Ling and sent ten senior envoys to return her to the court. Uighur Khagan Wujie ambushed the escort, killed every envoy, seized the princess, crossed the desert southward, and camped on Tiande's frontier. The princess sent word that Wujie had been proclaimed khan and asked the throne to confirm him. Wujie also had his chancellor Xieganjiasi petition for a walled town at Zhenwu where he and the princess could settle. On gengchen day in the twelfth month Wang Hui of the Golden Crow Guard was sent to console the Uighurs with twenty thousand bushels of rice. The throne also wrote Khagan Wujie: "Lead your people back to your old lands. Lingering along the frontier is no lasting plan. The letter added, "No precedent exists for ceding a fortress at Zhenwu. If you seek another refuge under imperial protection, you must first halt south of the desert. I will receive the princess at court and hear the matter myself. Whatever aid you need, I shall not refuse."4
77
春，正月，以張仲武爲盧龍節度使。
In the first month of spring Zhang Zhongwu was appointed military governor of Lulong.
78
朝廷以回鶻屯天德、振武北境，以兵部郎中李拭爲巡邊使，察將帥能否。 拭，鄜之子也。
With Uighurs camped north of Tiande and Zhenwu, Li Shi of the Ministry of War was sent as frontier inspector to test the commanders' fitness. Li Shi was the son of Li Fu.
79
二月，淮南節度使李紳入朝。 丁丑，以紳爲中書侍郎、同平章事、判度支。
In the second month Huainan governor Li Shen came to court. On dingchou day Li Shen was made vice director of the secretariat, chief minister, and head of the treasury.
80
河東節度使苻澈修把頭烽舊戍以備回鶻。 李德裕奏請增兵鎮守，及修東、中二受降城以壯天德形勢，從之。 右散騎常侍柳公權素與李德裕善，崔珙奏爲集賢學士、判院事。 德裕以恩非己出，因事左遷公權爲太子詹事。
Hedong governor Fu Che restored the Batou Beacon garrison to guard against the Uighurs. Li Deyu asked for reinforcements and repairs to the eastern and central Accepting-Surrender cities to stiffen Tiande's defenses; the court agreed. Liu Gongquan, a right regular attendant, was an old ally of Li Deyu; Cui Guan had him named scholar of the Academy of Worthies and put in charge of its office. Because the appointment had not come through him, Deyu used a pretext to demote Liu Gongquan to steward of the heir apparent.
81
回鶻復奏求糧，及尋勘吐-{谷}-渾、党項所掠，又借振武城。 詔遣內使楊觀賜可汗書，諭以城不可借，餘當應接處置。
The Uighurs again asked for grain, demanded restitution for Tuyuhun and Tangut raids, and once more requested a town at Zhenwu. The court sent palace envoy Yang Guan with a letter telling the khan that no fortress would be ceded and that other requests would be handled as appropriate.
82
三月，戊申，李拭巡邊還，稱振武節度使劉沔有威略，可任大事。 時河東節度使苻澈疾病，庚申，以沔代之。 以金吾上將軍李忠順爲振武節度使。 遣將作少監苗縝冊命烏介可汗，使徐行，駐於河東，俟可汗位定，然後進。 既而可汗屢侵擾邊境，縝竟不行。
In the third month, on wushen day, frontier inspector Li Shi returned and praised Zhenwu governor Liu Mian as a man of authority fit for great tasks. Hedong governor Fu Che was ill; on gengshen day Liu Mian replaced him. Li Zhongshun, senior general of the Golden Crow Guard, was appointed governor of Zhenwu. Miao Zhen of the palace works was sent to invest Khagan Wujie with orders to proceed slowly and wait at Hedong until the khan's status was settled. The khan soon raided the border repeatedly, and Miao Zhen never went.
83
回鶻嗢沒斯以赤心桀黠難知，先告田牟雲，赤心謀犯塞。 乃誘赤心並僕固殺之，那頡啜收赤心之眾七千帳東走。 河東奏：「回鶻兵至橫水，殺掠兵民，今退屯釋迦泊東。」 李德裕上言：「釋迦泊西距可汗帳三百里，未知此兵爲那頡所部，爲可汗遣來。 宜且指此兵雲不受可汗指揮，擅掠邊鄙。 密詔劉沔、武仲先經略此兵，如可以討逐，事亦有名。 摧此一支，可汗必自知懼。」
Wamosi, finding Chixin treacherous and unpredictable, first told Tian Mu that Chixin meant to raid the border. He then lured Chixin and Pugu into a trap and killed them; Neixiechuo took Chixin's seven thousand tents and fled east. Hedong reported, "Uighur troops reached Hengshui, killing and looting, and now camp east of Shijia Po." Deyu wrote, "Shijia Po lies three hundred li west of the khan's camp—we do not know whether these men follow Neixie or the khan. For now blame these troops for defying the khan and raiding on their own. Secretly tell Liu Mian and Zhang Zhongwu to deal with this band first; if they can be driven off, the action will be justified. Crush this branch and the khan will learn fear."5
84
夏，四月，庚辰，天德都防禦使田牟奏：「回鶻侵擾不已，不俟朝旨，已出兵三千拒之。」 壬午，李德裕奏：「田牟殊不知兵，戎狄長於野戰，短於攻城。 牟但應堅守以待諸道兵集，今全軍出戰，萬一失利，城中空虛，何以自固！ 望亟遣中使止之。 如已交鋒，即詔雲、朔、天德以來羌、渾各出兵奮擊回鶻，凡所虜獲，並令自取。 回鶻羈旅二年，糧食乏絶，人心易動。 宜詔田牟招誘降者，給糧轉致太原，不可留於天德。 嗢沒斯誠偽雖未可知，然要早加官賞。 縱使不誠，亦足爲反間。 且欲獎其忠義，爲討伐之名，令遠近諸蕃知但責可汗犯順，非欲盡滅回鶻。 石雄善戰無敵，請以爲天德都團練副使，佐田牟用兵。」 上皆從其言。 初，太和中，河西党項擾邊，文宗召石雄於白州，隸振武軍爲裨將，屢立戰功，以王智興故，未甚進擢。 至是，德裕舉用之。 甲申，嗢沒斯帥其國特勒、宰相等二千二百餘人來降。
In summer, on gengchen day in the fourth month, Tiande commissioner Tian Mu reported, "The Uighurs keep raiding; without waiting for orders I have sent three thousand men against them." On renwu day Deyu protested, "Tian Mu knows nothing of war. Nomads excel in open battle and fail at sieges. He should hold the fortress until reinforcements arrive. If he risks his whole force and loses, the city is empty—how will he survive? Send envoys at once to stop him. If fighting has begun, let Yun, Shuo, Tiande, and allied Qiang and Hun tribes attack the Uighurs and keep whatever they capture. The Uighurs have wandered two years; they are starving and restless. Order Tian Mu to entice defectors, feed them, and send them to Taiyuan—not Tiande. Wamosi's loyalty is uncertain, but reward him early anyway. Even if he lies, the reward will sow distrust. Honor his loyalty publicly so all tribes know we punish the khan's rebellion, not the Uighur people as a whole. Shi Xiong is unrivaled in battle—make him Tian Mu's deputy." The emperor approved every point. In the Taihe era Tangut raiders in Hexi had brought Shi Xiong from Baizhou into Zhenwu as a junior officer; he fought well but, owing to Wang Zhixing's influence, was not promoted far. Now Deyu brought him forward. On jiashen day Wamosi led more than twenty-two hundred followers, including teles and chancellors, to surrender.
85
上信任李德裕，觀軍容使仇士良惡之。 會上將受尊號，御丹鳳樓宣赦。 或告士良，宰相與度支議草制減禁軍衣糧及馬芻粟，士良揚言於眾曰：「如此，至日，軍士必於樓前喧嘩！」 德裕聞之，乙酉，乞開延英自訴。 上怒，遽遣中使宣諭兩軍：「赦書初無此事。 且赦書皆出朕意，非由宰相，爾安得此言！」 士良乃惶愧稱謝。 丁亥，群臣上尊號曰仁聖文武至神大孝皇帝。 赦天下。
The emperor trusted Deyu; Qiu Shiliang hated him. As the emperor prepared to receive his exalted title and proclaim amnesty from the Crimson Phoenix Tower, someone told Shiliang the ministers planned to cut forbidden-army rations and fodder in the amnesty text. Shiliang warned the troops, "If that is true, we will riot before the tower on the day of the ceremony!" Deyu heard and on yiyou day begged an audience at Yanying Hall. The emperor was furious and sent envoys to both armies: "The amnesty never mentioned such cuts. The text came from me, not the ministers—how dare you say this!" Shiliang was terrified and apologized. On dinghai day the court offered the title Benevolent, Sagely, Martial, Civil, Supremely Numinous, Greatly Filial Emperor. The empire was pardoned.
86
五月，戊申，遣鴻臚卿張賈安撫嗢沒斯等，以嗢沒斯爲左金吾大將軍、懷化郡王； 其次酋長官賞有舉。 賜其部眾米五千斛，絹三千匹。
On wushen day Zhang Jia was sent to comfort Wamosi, who was made left general of the Golden Crow and Prince of Huaihua; his lieutenants received offices and rewards by rank. His people received five thousand bushels of rice and three thousand bolts of silk.
87
那頡啜帥其眾自振武、大同，東因室韋、黑沙，南趣雄武軍，窺幽州。 盧龍節度使張仲武遣其弟仲至將兵三萬迎擊，大破之，斬首捕虜不可勝計，悉收降其七千帳，分配諸道。 那頡啜走，烏介可汗獲而殺之。 時烏介眾雖衰減，尚號十萬，駐牙於大同軍北閭門山。 楊觀自回鶻還，可汗表求糧食、牛羊，且請執送嗢沒斯等。 詔報以「糧食聽自以馬價於振武糴三千石。 牛，稼穡之資，中國禁人屠宰； 羊，中國所鮮，出於北邊雜虜，國家未嘗科調。 嗢沒斯自本國初破，先投塞下，不隨可汗已及二年，慮彼猜嫌，窮迫歸命。 前可汗正以猜虐無親，致內離外叛，今可汗失地遠客，尤宜深矯前非。 若復骨肉相殘，則可汗左右信臣誰敢自保！ 朕務在兼愛，已受其降。 於可汗不失恩慈，於朝廷免虧信義，豈不兩全事體，深葉良圖！」
Neixiechuo led his people east from Zhenwu and Datong through Shiwei and Heisha toward Xiongwu, aiming at Youzhou. Zhang Zhongwu sent his brother Zhongzhi with thirty thousand men, crushed them, and took countless prisoners; all seven thousand tents surrendered and were distributed among the circuits. Neixiechuo fled; Khagan Wujie caught and killed him. Wujie still commanded a hundred thousand men and camped at Lümen Mountain north of Datong. Yang Guan returned from the Uighurs; the khan asked for grain and livestock and demanded Wamosi be handed over. “The court replied that he might buy three thousand bushels of grain at Zhenwu with horses. Cattle are farming stock and the empire forbids casual slaughter; sheep are scarce in China and come from northern allies—the court does not tax them. Wamosi fled to us when his realm first collapsed and has not followed you for two years; he came because he feared you. Your predecessor's cruelty drove his own people away; you have lost your land—do not repeat his mistakes. If you slaughter kin again, which minister will dare stay at your side? I practice inclusive mercy and have already accepted them. This honors both mercy to you and faith to me—is that not the wise course?"6
88
嗢沒斯入朝。 六月，甲申，以嗢沒斯所部爲歸義軍，以嗢沒斯爲左金吾大將軍，充軍使。
Wamosi came to court. On jiashen day in the sixth month Wamosi's followers became the Army of Returning Allegiance under his command as left general of the Golden Crow.
89
門下侍郎、同平章事陳夷行罷爲左僕射。 秋，七月，以尚書右丞李讓夷爲中書侍郎、同平章事。
Chen Yixing was demoted from co–grand councilor to left vice director. In the seventh month Li Rangyi was made vice director of the Secretariat and co–grand councilor.
90
嵐州人田滿川據州城作亂，劉沔討誅之。
Tian Manchuan of Lanzhou rebelled and seized the city; Liu Mian executed him.
91
嗢沒斯請置家太原，與諸弟竭力扞邊。 詔劉沔存撫其家。 烏介可汗復遣其相上表，借兵助復國，又借天德城，詔不許。 初，可汗往來天德、振武之間，剽掠羌、渾，又屯杷頭烽北。 朝廷屢遣使諭之，使還漠南，可汗不奉詔。 李德裕以爲「那頡啜屯於山北，烏介恐其與奚、契丹連謀邀遮，故不敢遠離塞下。 望敕張仲武諭奚、契丹與回鶻共滅那頡啜，使得北還。」 及那頡啜死，可汗猶不去。 議者又以爲回鶻待馬價。 詔盡以馬價給之，又不去。 八月，可汗帥眾過杷頭烽南，突入大同川，驅掠河東雜虜牛馬數萬，轉斗至雲州城門。 刺史張獻節閉城自守，吐-{谷}-渾、党項皆挈家入山避之。 庚午，詔發陳、許、徐、汝、襄陽等兵屯太原及振武、天德，俟來春驅逐回鶻。
Wamosi asked to station his family at Taiyuan while he and his brothers guarded the frontier. Liu Mian was ordered to care for his family. Wujie again petitioned for troops to restore his realm and for Tiande city; the court refused. The khan had shuttled between Tiande and Zhenwu, raiding Qiang and Hun, and camped north of Batou Beacon. The court repeatedly told him to withdraw south of the desert; he refused. Deyu argued, "Neixiechuo camps in the northern hills; Wujie fears alliance with the Xi and Khitan and dares not leave the border. Urge Zhang Zhongwu to rally the Xi and Khitan to destroy Neixiechuo so Wujie can move north." When Neixiechuo died, the khan still would not leave. Some said the Uighurs were waiting for payment for their horses. The court paid the full horse price; they still stayed. In the eighth month the khan crossed south of Batou Beacon, swept into the Datong valley, seized tens of thousands of cattle from Hedong tribes, and fought to the gates of Yunzhou. Prefect Zhang Xianjie barred the gates; Tuyuhun and Tangut fled into the hills. On gengwu day troops from Chen, Xu, Ru, Xiangyang, and other circuits were ordered to Taiyuan, Zhenwu, and Tiande to expel the Uighurs in spring.
92
丁丑，賜嗢沒斯與其弟阿歷支、習勿啜、烏羅思皆姓李氏，名思忠、思貞、思義、思禮； 國相愛邪勿姓愛，名弘順； 仍以弘順爲歸義軍副使。 上遣回鶻石戒直還其國，賜可汗書，諭以「自彼國爲紇吃斯所破，來投邊境，撫納無所不至。 今可汗尚此近塞，未議還蕃，或侵掠雲、朔等州，或鈔擊羌、渾諸部。 遙揣深意，似恃姻好之情。 毎觀蹤由，實懷馳突之計。 中外將相鹹請誅翦，朕情深屈己，未忍幸災。 可汗宜速擇良圖，無貽後悔。」 上又命李德裕代劉沔答回鶻相頡干迦斯書，以爲：「回鶻遠來依投，當效呼韓邪遣子入侍，身自入朝。 及令太和公主入謁太皇太后，求哀乞憐，則我之救恤，無所愧懷。 而乃睥睨邊城，桀驁自若，邀求過望，如在本蕃，又深入邊境，侵暴不已，求援繼好，豈宜如是！ 來書又雲胡人易動難安，若令忿怒，不可複製。 回鶻爲紇吃斯所破，舉國將相遣骸棄於草莽，累代可汗墳墓，隔在天涯，回鶻忿怒之心，不施於彼； 而蔑棄仁義，逞志中華，天地神祇豈容如此！ 昔郅支不事大漢，竟自夷滅，往事之戒，得不在懷！」
On dingchou day Wamosi and his brothers Alizhi, Xiwuchuo, and Luosi received the surname Li and the names Sizhong, Sizhen, Siyi, and Sili; chancellor Aiyewu took the surname Ai and the name Hongshun; Hongshun was made deputy commissioner of the Returning Allegiance Army. The emperor sent Shi Jiezhi back with a letter: "Since the Kirghiz broke your realm you have lived on our frontier, and we have sheltered you generously. Yet you linger near the border, raid Yun and Shuo, and strike Qiang and Hun tribes. I suspect you rely on marriage ties with the throne. Your movements show you still plan raids. My ministers urge attack; I have restrained them and refused to profit from your misery. Choose wisely before you regret it." Deyu also answered Chancellor Xieganjiasi for Liu Mian: "You came as suppliants; imitate Huhanye—send a prince to court and come yourself. Let Princess Taihe plead before the grand empress dowager, and our aid will be generous. Instead you glare from the frontier, demand as if still at home, and keep raiding while begging friendship—how is that acceptable? You write that nomads are quick to rage and hard to pacify. The Kirghiz shattered you and left your dead in the grass; your qaghans' tombs lie far away—yet your wrath falls on us, you scorn justice and ravage China—heaven and earth will not abide it! Remember Zhizhi, who defied Han and was destroyed—let that warning live in your heart!"7
93
戊子，李德裕等上言：「若如前詔，河東等三道嚴兵守備，俟來春驅逐，乘回鶻人困馬贏之時，又官軍免盛寒之苦，則幽州兵宜令止屯本道以俟詔命。 若慮河冰既合，回鶻復有馳突，須早驅逐，則當及天時未寒，決策於數日之間。 以河朔兵益河東兵，必令收功於兩月之內。 今聞外議紛紜，互有異同，倘不一詢群情，終爲浮辭所撓。 望令公卿集議。」 詔從之。 時議者多以爲宜俟來春。 九月，以劉沔兼招換回鶻使，如須驅逐，其諸道行營兵權令指揮。 以張仲武爲東面招撫回鶻使，其當道行營兵及奚、契丹、室韋等並自指揮。 以李思忠爲河西党項都將回鶻西南面招討使，皆會軍於太原。 令沔屯雁門關。
On wuzi day Deyu argued, "If we wait until spring as planned, when the Uighurs are weak and our men spared winter cold, Youzhou troops can hold in place until ordered. If we fear winter raids once the rivers freeze, we must decide within days, before the cold. Reinforce Hedong with Hebei troops and we can finish within two months. Outside opinion is divided; unless we consult widely, empty talk will paralyze us. Summon the court to debate." The emperor agreed. Most officials favored waiting until spring. In the ninth month Liu Mian was named commissioner to win over the Uighurs, with command over all expeditionary columns if war came. Zhang Zhongwu was named eastern pacification commissioner with command over his own troops and the Xi, Khitan, and Shiwei. Li Sizhong was named Hexi Tangut general and southwestern punitive commissioner; all were to assemble at Taiyuan. Liu Mian was ordered to camp at Yanmen Pass.
94
初，奚、契丹羈屬回鶻，各有監使，歳督其貢賦，且詗唐事。 張仲武遣牙將石公緒統二部，盡殺回鶻監使等八百餘人。 仲武破那頡啜，得室韋酋長妻子。 室韋以金帛羊馬贖之，仲武不受，曰：「但殺回鶻監使則歸之！」 癸卯，李德裕等奏：「河東奏事官孫儔適至，雲回鶻移營近南四十里。 劉沔以爲此必契丹不與之同，恐爲其掩襲故也。 據此事勢，正堪驅除。 臣等問孫儔，若與幽州合勢，迫逐回鶻，更須益幾兵。 儔言不須多益兵，唯大同兵少，得易定千人助之足矣。」 上皆從之。 詔河東、幽州、振武、天德各出大兵，移營稍前，以迫回鶻。
The Xi and Khitan had been subject to the Uighurs, who sent overseers each year to collect tribute and spy on Tang. Zhang Zhongwu sent Shi Gongxu to lead both tribes and kill more than eight hundred Uighur overseers. Defeating Neixiechuo, Zhongwu took Shiwei chiefs' wives and children hostage. The Shiwei offered gold, silk, sheep, and horses as ransom; Zhongwu refused and said, "Kill the Uighur overseers and you may have them back!" “On guimao day Deyu reported that Hedong courier Sun Chou had arrived saying the Uighurs had moved camp forty li nearer the border. Liu Mian thought they feared the Khitan would not join them and moved to avoid ambush. The moment favored expulsion. Deyu asked Sun Chou how many more troops would be needed if Youzhou joined the pursuit. Sun Chou said few reinforcements were needed—only a thousand men from Yiding to help understrength Datong." The emperor agreed. Hedong, Youzhou, Zhenwu, and Tiande were each ordered to advance camps and press the Uighurs.
95
上聞太子少傅白居易名，欲相之，以問李德裕。 德裕素惡居易，乃言居易衰病，不任朝謁。 其從父弟左司員外郎敏中，辭學不減居易，且有器識。 甲辰，以敏中爲翰林學士。
The emperor heard of Bai Juyi and wanted him as chief minister; he asked Deyu. Deyu, who disliked Juyi, said he was old and ill and unfit for court. His cousin Minzhong, a left department official, matched Juyi's learning and had better judgment. On jiachen day Minzhong was made Hanlin academician.
96
李思忠請與契苾、沙陀、吐-{谷}-渾六千騎合勢擊回鶻。 乙巳，以銀州刺史何清朝、蔚州刺史契苾通分將河東蕃兵詣振武，受李思忠指揮。 通，何力之五世孫。
Li Sizhong asked to lead six thousand Qibi, Shatuo, and Tuyuhun horsemen against the Uighurs. On yisi day He Qingchao of Yinzhou and Qibi Tong of Yu were sent with Hedong tribal troops to Zhenwu under Li Sizhong. Tong was a fifth-generation descendant of Heli.
97
冬，十月，丁卯，立皇子峴爲益王，岐爲兗王。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingmao day, Princes Xian and Qi were enfeoffed as Prince of Yi and Prince of Yan.
98
黠戛斯遣將軍踏布合祖等至天德軍，言「先遣都呂施合等奉公主歸之大唐，至今無聲問，不知得達，或爲奸人所隔。 今出兵求索，上天入地，期於必得。」 又言「將徙就合羅川，居回鶻故國，兼已得安西、北庭達靼等五部落。」
Kirghiz general Tabuhezu came to Tiande and said, "We sent Dulüshihe to return the princess to Tang, but have heard nothing—whether she arrived or was blocked we do not know. We now search heaven and earth until we find her." They also said they would move to the Heluo River in the Uighurs' old lands and had already absorbed five tribes including Anxi, Beiting, and Tatar."8
99
十一月，辛卯朔，昭義節度使劉從諫上言，請出兵五千討回鶻，詔不許。
On the first day of the eleventh month Liu Congjian asked to send five thousand men against the Uighurs; the court refused.
100
上遣使賜太和公主冬衣，命李德裕爲書賜公主，略曰：「先朝割愛降婚，義寧家園，謂回鶻必能禦侮，安靜塞垣。 今回鶻所爲，甚不循理，毎馬首南向，姑得不畏高祖、太宗之威靈！ 欲侵擾邊疆，豈不思太皇太后慈愛！ 爲其國母，足得指揮。 若回鶻不能稟命，則是棄絶姻好，今日已後，不得以姑爲詞！」
The emperor sent winter clothes to Princess Taihe and had Deyu write her: "The former court sent you in marriage to secure the frontier, believing the Uighurs would guard the border. Now they act without reason. When their horses turn south, do you not fear the spirits of Gaozu and Taizong? If they raid the border, do they forget the grand empress dowager's mercy? As their state's mother by marriage, you can command them. If they will not obey, they have broken the marriage bond—from today they may not plead kinship to the throne!"9
101
上幸涇陽校獵。 乙卯，諫議大夫高少逸、鄭朗於閣中諫曰：「陛下比來遊獵稍頻，出城太遠，侵星夜歸，萬機曠廢。」 上改容謝之。 少逸等出，上謂宰相曰：「本置諫官使之論事，朕欲時時聞之。 宰相皆賀。 己未，以少逸爲給事中，朗爲左諫議大夫。
The emperor hunted at Jingyang. On yimao day censors Gao Shaoyi and Zheng Lang remonstrated: "Your Majesty hunts too often, ranges too far, returns after nightfall, and neglects government." The emperor looked ashamed and apologized. After they left the emperor told his ministers, "I set up remonstrators to hear criticism whenever I need it. The ministers congratulated him. On jiwei day Gao Shaoyi was made supervising secretary and Zheng Lang left remonstrating censor.
102
劉沔、張仲武固稱盛寒未可進兵，請待歳首，李忠順獨請與李思忠俱進。 十二月，丙寅，李德裕奏請遣思忠進屯保大柵，從之。
Liu Mian and Zhang Zhongwu insisted the cold forbade campaigning until the new year; only Li Zhongshun volunteered to advance with Li Sizhong. On bingyin day in the twelfth month Deyu asked to send Li Sizhong to Baoda Stockade; the court agreed.
103
丁卯，吐蕃遣其臣論普熱來告達磨贊普之喪，命將作少監李璟爲弔祭使。 劉沔奏移軍雲州。
On dingmao day Tibet sent Lun Pure to announce Damo's death; Li Jing was sent as condolence envoy. Liu Mian moved his army to Yunzhou.
104
李忠順奏擊回鶻，破之。
Li Zhongshun reported defeating the Uighurs.
105
丙戌，立皇子嶧爲德王，嵯爲昌王。
On bingxu day Princes Yi and Cuo were enfeoffed as Prince of De and Prince of Chang.
106
初，吐蕃達磨贊普有佞幸之臣，以爲相。 達磨卒，無子，佞相立其妃絲林氏兄尚延力之子乞離胡爲贊普，才三歳，佞相與妃共製國事，吐蕃老臣數十人皆不得預政事。 首相結都那見乞離胡不拜，曰：「贊普宗族甚多，而立絲林氏子，國人誰服其令？ 鬼神誰饗其祀？ 國必亡矣！ 比年災異之多，乃爲此也。 老夫無權，不得正其亂以報先贊普之德，有死而已！」 拔刀剺面，慟哭而出。 佞相殺之，滅其族，國人憤怒。 又不遣使詣唐求冊立。 洛門川討擊使論恐熱，性悍忍，多詐謀，乃屬其徒告之曰：「賊捨國族立絲林氏，專害忠良以脅眾臣，且無大唐冊命，何名贊普！ 吾當與汝屬舉義兵，入誅絲林妃及用事者以正國家。 天道助順，功無不成。」 遂説三部落，得萬騎。 是歳，與青海節度使同盟舉兵，自稱國相。 至渭州，遇國相尚思羅屯薄寒山，恐熱擊之，思羅棄輜重西奔松州。 恐熱遂屠渭州。 思羅發蘇毘、吐-{谷}-渾、羊同等兵，合八萬，保洮水，焚橋拒之。 恐熱至，隔水語蘇毘等曰：「賊臣亂國，天遣我來誅之，汝曹奈何助逆！ 我今已爲宰相，國內兵我皆得制之，汝不從，將滅汝部落！」 蘇毘等疑不戰，恐熱引驍騎涉水，蘇毘等皆降，思羅西走，追獲，殺之。 恐熱盡並其眾，合十餘萬，自渭州松州，所過殘滅，屍相枕藉。」
Tibetan Qaghan Damo had kept favorite ministers as chancellors. Damo died childless; the favorites installed Silin's nephew Qilihu, aged three, while they and the empress ruled; dozens of elder ministers were shut out. Chief minister Jieduna refused to bow to Qilihu and cried, "The qaghan's clan is full of men, yet you set up Silin's child—who will obey? What spirits will accept his offerings? The state is doomed! Recent disasters come from this. I have no power to set this right and can only die to repay the former qaghan! He drew his sword, cut his face, and left weeping. The favorites killed him and wiped out his clan; the people were furious. They also sent no envoy to Tang for investiture. Strike commissioner Lun Kongre, fierce and cunning, told his followers, "Traitors set up Silin's line, murder the loyal, and lack Tang investiture—what qaghan is this? I will raise righteous troops with you, kill the Silin empress and her ministers, and restore the state. Heaven favors the righteous; we cannot fail. He won three tribes and ten thousand horsemen. That year he allied with the Qinghai governor, took the title state chancellor, and marched. At Weizhou he met chancellor Shang Siluo at Bohen Mountain, routed him, and drove him west toward Songzhou. Kongre then sacked Weizhou. Siluo rallied eighty thousand Supi, Tuyuhun, and Yangtong troops, held the Tao River, burned the bridge, and resisted. Kongre shouted across the water, "Traitors ruin the state; heaven sent me to kill them—why aid rebels? I am already chancellor and command every soldier—defy me and I destroy your tribes! Supi hesitated; Kongre forded the river with elite cavalry; they surrendered; Siluo was caught and killed. Kongre absorbed their forces—more than a hundred thousand—and ravaged from Weizhou to Songzhou, leaving corpses heaped along the road.”
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