1
資治通鑑第277卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 277.
2
【後唐紀六】起上章攝提格，盡玄黓執徐六月，凡二年有奇。
[Later Tang, Part 6] From Shangzhang Shetige through the sixth month of Xuanchi Zhixu—a little more than two years in all.
3
明宗聖德和武欽孝皇帝中之下長興元年（ 庚寅，公元九三零年）
First year of Changxing (930), middle and lower section of the reign of Emperor Mingzong of Tang, styled the Sagacious, Virtuous, Harmonious, Martial, and Reverently Filial ( 930 CE, year gengyin).
4
春，正月，董璋遣兵築七寨於劍門。 辛巳，孟知祥遣趙季良如梓州修好。
In spring, the first month, Dong Zhang sent troops to erect seven stockades at Jianmen Pass. On xinsi, Meng Zhixiang dispatched Zhao Jiliang to Zizhou to renew amicable ties.
5
鴻臚少卿郭在徽奏請鑄當五千、三千、一千大錢； 朝廷以其指虛為實，無識妄言，左遷衛尉少卿、同正。
Guo Zaichui, Vice Director of the Directorate of Guests, petitioned to mint large coins denominated at five thousand, three thousand, and one thousand cash; the court judged his proposal hollow economics and ignorant presumption, and demoted him to Vice Director of the Imperial Stud with an honorary concurrent appointment.
6
吳徙平原王澈為德化王。
Wu transferred Prince Che of Pingyuan to the title Prince of Dehua.
7
二月，乙未朔，趙季良還成都，謂孟知祥曰：「董公貪殘好勝，志大謀短，終為西川之患。」 都指揮使李仁罕、張業欲置宴召知祥； 先二日，有尼告二將謀以宴日害知祥； 知祥詰之，無狀，丁酉，推始言者軍校都延昌、王行本，腰斬之。 戊戌，就宴，盡去左右，獨詣仁罕第； 仁罕叩頭流涕曰：「老兵惟盡死以報德。」 由是諸將皆親附而服之。
In the second month, on the new moon of yimao, Zhao Jiliang returned to Chengdu and told Meng Zhixiang, "Dong Zhang is greedy, brutal, and combative—bold in aim but shallow in design. In the end he will be a scourge upon Western Chuan." The metropolitan commanders Li Renhan and Zhang Ye planned a banquet to invite Zhixiang; two days before, a Buddhist nun warned that the two generals intended to kill Zhixiang at the banquet; Zhixiang questioned them, found nothing to support the charge, and on dingyou traced the rumor to the officers Du Yanzhang and Wang Xingben, who had started it; he had both executed by waist-cutting. On wuxu he went to the feast after dismissing every attendant and walked alone to Renhan's house; Renhan kowtowed, weeping, and said, "These old troops will spend our lives to repay your grace." From that day the commanders all drew near to him in loyalty and yielded to his authority.
8
壬子，孟知祥、董璋同上表言：「兩川聞朝廷於閬中建節，綿、遂益兵，無不憂恐。」 上以詔書慰諭之。 乙卯，上祀圓丘，大赦，改元。 鳳翔節度使兼中書令李從曮入朝陪祀，三月，壬申，制徙從曮為宣武節度使。
On renzi, Meng Zhixiang and Dong Zhang jointly memorialized: "Both Chuan regions, learning that the court is setting up a command at Langzhou and reinforcing Mian and Sui, are filled with alarm." The emperor answered with an edict of comfort and reassurance. On yimao the emperor offered sacrifice at the Round Mound, granted a general amnesty, and proclaimed a new reign era. Li Congying, military governor of Fengxiang and concurrent Grand Councilor, came to court for the rites; in the third month, on renshen, he was ordered transferred to military governor of Xuanwu.
9
癸酉，吳主立江都王璉為太子。
On guiyou the Wu ruler installed Prince Lin of Jiangdu as heir apparent.
10
丙子，以宣徽使朱弘照為鳳翔節度使。
On bingzi Zhu Hongzhao, Palace Secretariat commissioner, was made military governor of Fengxiang.
11
康福奏克保靜鎮，斬李匡賓。
Kang Fu reported that Baojing prefecture had been taken and Li Kuangbin beheaded.
12
復以安義為昭義軍。
The Anyi circuit was restored to the name Zhaoyi Army.
13
帝將立曹淑妃為-{后}-，淑妃謂王德妃曰：「吾素病中煩，倦於接對，妹代我為之。」 德妃曰：「中宮敵偶至尊，誰敢干之！」 庚寅，立淑妃為皇后。 德妃事-{后}-恭謹，-{后}-亦憐之。 初，王德妃因安重誨得進，常德之。 帝性儉約，及在位久，宮中用度稍侈，重誨每規諫。 妃取外庫錦造地衣，重誨切諫，引劉-{后}-為戒； 妃由是怨之。
The emperor was preparing to elevate Consort Cao to empress; she told Virtuous Consort Wang, "I have long been troubled by inner ailments and am weary of audiences—dear sister, stand in for me." Wang replied, "The empress is the sovereign's equal in the inner palace—who would dare usurp that place!" On gengyin the emperor installed her as empress nonetheless. Wang served the empress with respectful devotion, and the empress in turn treated her with affection. Wang had risen through An Chonghui's patronage and always honored him. The emperor had been frugal by nature, yet the longer he reigned the more the palace spending grew; Chonghui admonished him again and again. When the consort took brocade from the outer treasury to weave a floor carpet, Chonghui remonstrated sternly, citing Empress Liu as a cautionary example; from that time the consort bore him a grudge.
14
高從誨遣使奉表詣吳，告以墳墓在中國，恐為唐所討，吳兵援之不及，謝絕之。 吳遣兵擊之，不克。
Gao Conghui sent envoys with a memorial to Wu, explaining that his family tombs lay in Tang territory and that he feared a Tang punitive campaign before Wu forces could help; Wu refused him. Wu sent troops against him but failed to prevail.
15
董璋恐綿州刺史武虔裕窺其所為，夏，四月，甲午朔，表兼行軍司馬，囚之府廷。
Dong Zhang feared Mian prefect Wu Qianyu was watching his moves; in summer, the fourth month, on the new moon of jiawu he petitioned to take the concurrent title of army marshal and imprisoned Wu in his headquarters courtyard.
16
宣武節度使符習，自恃宿將，論議多抗安重誨，重誨求其過失，奏之，丁酉，詔習以太子太師致仕。
Fu Xi of Xuanwu, trusting in his long service, often contradicted An Chonghui in council; Chonghui hunted for faults and reported them; on dingyou the emperor ordered Xi to retire with the title Grand Preceptor to the Heir Apparent.
17
戊戌，加孟知祥兼中書令，夏魯奇同平章事。
On wuxu Meng Zhixiang was given the additional title of Grand Councilor, and Xia Luqi was made Associate Councilor.
18
初，帝在真定，李從珂與安重誨飲酒爭言，從珂毆重誨，重誨走免； 既醒，悔謝，重誨終銜之。 至是，重誨用事，自皇子從榮、從厚皆敬事不暇。 時從珂為河中節度使、同平章事，重誨屢短之於帝，帝不聽。 重誨乃矯以帝命諭河東牙內指揮使楊彥溫使逐之。 是日，從珂出城閱馬，彥溫勒兵閉門拒之，從珂使人扣門詰之曰：「吾將汝厚，何為如是？」 對曰：「彥溫非敢負恩，受樞密院宣耳。 請公入朝。」 從珂止於虞鄉，遣使以狀聞。 使者至，壬寅，帝問重誨曰：「彥溫安得此言？」 對曰：「此奸人妄言耳，宜速討之。」 帝疑之，欲誘致彥溫訊其事，除彥溫絳州刺史。 重誨固請發兵擊之，乃命西都留守索自通、步軍都指揮使藥彥稠將兵討之。 帝令彥稠必生致彥溫，吾欲面訊之。 召從珂詣洛陽。 從珂知為重誨所構，馳入自明。
Long before, when the emperor was at Zhending, Li Congke and An Chonghui had quarreled over wine; Congke struck Chonghui, who fled and escaped injury; when sober Congke repented and apologized, yet Chonghui never forgave him. Now that Chonghui held power, even the princes Congrong and Conghou could barely keep pace with showing him deference. Congke was then military governor of Hezhong and Associate Councilor; Chonghui slandered him to the emperor again and again, but the emperor would not heed him. Chonghui then forged an imperial order and told Yang Yanwen, commander of the Hedong inner guard, to drive Congke out. That day Congke rode out to inspect the horses; Yanwen mobilized his men and sealed the gates against him. Congke sent a man to knock and demand, "I have treated you well—why do this?" Yanwen answered, "I do not dare betray your kindness; I act on an order from the Bureau of Military Affairs. Please, my lord, go to court." Congke stopped at Yuxiang and sent a messenger to lay the matter before the throne. When the messenger arrived, on renyin the emperor asked Chonghui, "How could Yanwen speak so?" Chonghui answered, "Wicked men lie—that is all. He should be struck down at once." The emperor was doubtful and wanted to lure Yanwen in for questioning; he appointed Yanwen prefect of Jingzhou. Chonghui pressed for military action, and the emperor ordered Suo Zitong, defender of the Western Capital, and Yao Yanchou, infantry commander, to campaign against Yanwen. The emperor told Yanchou he must capture Yanwen alive: "I want to question him in person." He summoned Congke to Luoyang. Knowing Chonghui had framed him, Congke raced to the capital to plead his innocence.
19
加安重誨兼中書令。
An Chonghui was given the additional title of Grand Councilor.
20
李從珂至洛陽，上責之使歸第，絕朝請。 辛亥，索自通等拔河中，斬楊彥溫，癸丑，傳首來獻。 上怒藥彥稠不生致，深責之。 安重誨諷馮道、趙鳳奏從珂失守，宜加罪。 上曰：「吾兒為奸黨所傾，未明曲直，公輩何為發此言，意不欲置之人間邪？ 此皆非公輩之意也。」 二人惶恐而退。 它日，趙鳳又言之，上不應。 明日，重誨自言之，上曰：「朕昔為小校，家貧，賴此小兒拾馬糞自贍，以至今日為天子，曾不能庇之邪！ 卿欲如何處之於卿為便？」 重誨曰：「陛下父子之間，臣何敢言！ 惟陛下裁之！」 上曰：「使閒居私第亦可矣，何復言！」 丙辰，以索自通為河中節度使。 自通至鎮，承重誨旨，籍軍府甲仗數上之，以為從珂私造，賴王德妃居中保護，從珂由是得免。 士大夫不敢與從珂往來； 惟禮部郎中史館修撰呂琦居相近，時往見之，從珂每月奏請，皆咨琦而後行。
When Li Congke reached Luoyang, the emperor rebuked him, ordered him home, and barred him from court audiences. On xinhai Suo Zitong took Hezhong and beheaded Yang Yanwen; on guichou the head was presented at court. The emperor was furious that Yao Yanchou had not captured Yanwen alive and scolded him harshly. An Chonghui urged Feng Dao and Zhao Feng to memorialize that Congke had lost his command and deserved punishment. The emperor said, "My son has been wronged by schemers before anyone knows who is right—why do you press this? Do you mean you want him dead? That is not what you truly mean." The two men withdrew in terror. On another day Zhao Feng raised it again; the emperor gave no answer. The next day Chonghui brought it up himself. The emperor said, "When I was only a junior officer, my family was poor. This boy gathered horse dung to keep himself fed until I became emperor—can I not even protect him now? Tell me how you would dispose of him to suit yourself." Chonghui said, "Between father and son, how dare a subject speak! I leave it entirely to Your Majesty." The emperor said, "Let him live quietly at home—that is enough. Say no more." On bingchen Suo Zitong was appointed military governor of Hezhong. At his post Zitong followed Chonghui's wishes, inventoried the commandery's arms and armor, and reported them as proof that Congke had armed himself in secret; only Wang Defei's mediation at court saved Congke from ruin. Officials dared not visit Congke; only Lü Qi of the Ministry of Rites, who also served as a history drafter and lived nearby, still called on him from time to time; Congke consulted Qi before sending each month's memorials.
21
戊午，帝加尊號曰聖明神武文德恭孝皇帝。
On wuwu the emperor took the augmented title Sagacious, Illuminated, Divine, Martial, Civilly Virtuous, Reverent, and Filial Emperor.
22
安重誨言昭義節度使王建立過魏州有搖眾之語，五月，丙寅，制以太傅致仕。
An Chonghui accused Zhaoyi governor Wang Jianli of seditious talk while passing through Weizhou; in the fifth month, on bingyin, he was ordered to retire as Grand Tutor.
23
董璋閱集民兵，皆剪髮黥面，復於劍門北置永定關，布列烽火。
Dong Zhang mustered the militia, had them crop their hair and tattoo their faces, built Yongding Pass north of Jianmen, and lined the heights with beacon fires.
24
孟知祥累表請割雲安等十三鹽監隸西川，以鹽直贍寧江屯兵，辛卯，許之。
Meng Zhixiang repeatedly asked that thirteen salt offices, including Yun'an, be placed under Western Chuan so salt profits could pay the Ningjiang garrison; on xinmao the court agreed.
25
六月，癸已朔，日有食之。
In the sixth month, on the new moon of guisi, the sun was eclipsed.
26
辛亥，敕防禦、團練使、刺史、行軍司馬、節度副使，自今皆自朝廷除之，諸道無得奏薦。
On xinhai an edict ruled that defense commissioners, training commissioners, prefects, army marshals, and deputy governors would hereafter all be appointed from the capital, and no circuit might recommend its own candidates.
27
董璋遣兵掠遂、閬鎮戍，秋，七月，戊辰，兩川以朝廷繼遣兵屯遂、閬，復有論奏，自是東北商旅少敢入蜀。
Dong Zhang raided the garrisons of Sui and Lang; in autumn, the seventh month, on wuchen both Chuan regions memorialized again because the court kept troops at Sui and Lang; thereafter few northeastern traders dared enter Shu.
28
八月，乙未，捧聖軍使李行德、十將張儉引告密人邊彥溫告「安重誨發兵，雲欲自討淮南； 又引占相者問命。」 帝以問侍衛都指揮使安從進、藥彥稠，二人曰：「此奸人欲離間陛下勳舊耳。 重誨事陛下三十年，幸而富貴，何苦謀反！ 臣等請以宗族保之。」 帝乃斬彥溫，召重誨慰撫之，君臣相泣。
In the eighth month, on yimao, Paladin Army commissioner Li Xingde and commander Zhang Jian presented the informer Bian Yanwen, who claimed that "An Chonghui has raised troops, saying he will personally campaign against Huainan; and had also consulted fortune-tellers about his destiny." The emperor asked guard commanders An Congjin and Yao Yanchou; both said, "These are villains trying to set Your Majesty against your old companions in arms. Chonghui has served you thirty years and is wealthy at last—why would he rebel now! We pledge our families on his loyalty." The emperor beheaded Yanwen, summoned Chonghui to reassure him, and emperor and minister wept together.
29
以前忠武節度使張延朗行工部尚書，充三司使。 三司使之名自此始。
Former Zhongwu military governor Zhang Yanlang was appointed acting Minister of Works and Commissioner of the Three Departments. The office of Commissioner of the Three Departments dates from this appointment.
30
吳徐知誥以海州都指揮使王傳拯有威名，得士心，值團練使陳宣罷歸，知誥許以傳拯代之； 既而復遣宣還海州，征傳拯還江都。 傳拯怒，以為宣毀之，己亥，帥麾下入辭宣。 因斬宣，焚掠城郭，帥其眾五千來奔。 知誥曰：「是吾過也。」 免其妻子。 漣水制置使王巖將兵入海州，以巖為威衛大將軍，知海州。 傳拯，綰之子也，其季父輿為光州刺史。 傳拯遣間使持書至光州，輿執之以聞，因求罷歸； 知誥以輿為控鶴都虞候。 時政在徐氏，典兵宿衛者尤難其人，知誥以輿重厚慎密，故用之。
In Wu, Xu Zhihao saw that Haizhou commander Wang Chuanzhen was formidable and beloved by the troops; when regiment trainer Chen Xuan was recalled, Zhihao promised Chuanzhen the post; then he sent Xuan back to Haizhou after all and recalled Chuanzhen to Jiangdu. Chuanzhen, furious and convinced Xuan had ruined him, led his personal guard on jihai to bid Xuan farewell. He killed Xuan on the spot, burned and looted the city, and defected with five thousand men. Zhihao said, "This was my mistake." He spared Chuanzhen's wife and children. Lianshui intendant Wang Yan marched into Haizhou; Yan was made Grand General of the Majestic Guard with charge of Haizhou. Chuanzhen was Wang Chuo's son; his uncle Yu was prefect of Guangzhou. Chuanzhen sent a secret messenger with a letter to Guangzhou; Yu arrested the man and reported upward, then asked to resign and return home; Zhihao made Yu deputy commander of the Crane-Control Guard. Power then rested with the Xu clan, and trustworthy commanders for the palace guard were hard to find; Zhihao valued Yu for his gravity and discretion.
31
壬寅，趙鳳奏：「切聞近有奸人，誣陷大臣，搖國柱石，行之未盡。」 帝乃收李行德、張儉，皆族之。
On renyin Zhao Feng memorialized: "I have just learned that villains have lately framed great ministers and shaken the state's pillars—the purge is not yet finished." The emperor then seized Li Xingde and Zhang Jian and executed their whole families.
32
立皇子從榮為秦王； 丙辰，立從厚為宋王。
Prince Congrong was installed as Prince of Qin; On bingchen Prince Conghou was installed as Prince of Song.
33
董璋之子光業為宮苑使，在洛陽，璋與書曰：「朝廷割吾支郡為節鎮，屯兵三千，是殺我必矣。 汝見樞要為吾言：如朝廷更發一騎入斜谷，吾必反！ 與汝訣矣。」 光業以書示樞密承旨李虔徽。 未幾，朝廷又遣別將荀鹹乂將兵戍閬州，光業謂虔徽曰：「此兵未至，吾父必反。 吾不敢自愛，恐煩朝廷調發，願止此兵，吾父保無他。」 虔徽以告安重誨，重誨不從。 璋聞之，遂反。 利、閬、遂三鎮以聞，且言已聚兵將攻三鎮。 重誨曰：「臣久知其如此，陛下含容不討耳。」 帝曰：「我不負人，人負我則討之！」
Dong Zhang's son Guangye served as palace parks commissioner in Luoyang. Zhang wrote him: "The court has split off my subordinate districts as separate commands and posted three thousand troops—they mean to destroy me. Tell the chief ministers for me: if the court sends one more soldier through Xiegu Pass, I will rebel! This is farewell between us." Guangye showed the letter to Li Qianhui, chief drafter at the Bureau of Military Affairs. Soon the court sent deputy commander Xun Xianyi to garrison Langzhou. Guangye told Qianhui, "Before those troops even arrive, my father will rebel. I do not value my own life, but I fear burdening the court with a campaign—please halt these troops, and my father will remain loyal." Qianhui reported this to An Chonghui, who refused. When Zhang learned of this, he rose in rebellion. The Li, Lang, and Sui commands reported the revolt and warned that Zhang had already massed troops to attack them. Chonghui said, "I have long known he would do this; Your Majesty has only been forbearing." The emperor said, "I do not wrong others—when others wrong me, I strike back!"
34
九月，癸亥，西川進奏官蘇願白孟知祥云：「朝廷欲大發兵討兩川。」 知祥謀於副使趙季良，季良請以東川兵先取遂、閬，然後並兵守劍門，則大軍雖來，吾無內顧之憂矣。 知祥從之，遣使約董璋同舉兵。 璋移繳利、閬、遂三鎮，數其離間朝廷，引兵擊閬州。 庚午，知祥以都指揮使李仁罕為行營都部署，漢州刺史趙廷隱副之，簡州刺史張業為先鋒指揮使，將兵三萬攻遂州； 別將牙內都指揮使侯弘實、先登指揮使孟思恭將兵四千會璋攻閬州。
In the ninth month, on guihai, Western Chuan memorial envoy Su Yuan told Meng Zhixiang, "The court plans a major campaign against both Chuan regions." Zhixiang consulted deputy Zhao Jiliang, who urged using Eastern Chuan forces to seize Sui and Lang first, then unite to hold Jianmen Pass—so even if a great northern army came, they need not fear attack from behind. Zhixiang agreed and sent envoys to coordinate a joint rising with Dong Zhang. Zhang issued a formal summons to the Li, Lang, and Sui commands, accusing them of driving a wedge between the court and the provinces, and marched on Langzhou. On gengwu Zhixiang made Li Renhan overall camp commander, with Han prefect Zhao Tingyin as deputy and Jian prefect Zhang Ye as vanguard, leading thirty thousand men against Suizhou; separate commanders Hou Hongshi and Meng Sigong led four thousand men to join Zhang's assault on Langzhou.
35
安重誨久專大權，中外惡之者眾； 王德妃及武德使孟漢瓊浸用事，數短重誨於上。 重誨內憂懼，表解機務，上曰：「朕無間於卿，誣罔者朕既誅之矣，卿何為爾？」 甲戌，重誨復面奏曰：「臣以寒賤，致位至此，忽為人誣以反，非陛下至明，臣無種矣。 由臣才薄任重，恐終不能鎮浮言，願賜一鎮以全餘生。」 上不許； 重誨求之不已，上怒曰：「聽卿去，朕不患無人！」 前成德節度使范延光勸上留重誨，且曰：「重誨去，誰能代之？」 上曰：「卿豈不可？」 延光曰：「臣受驅策日淺，且才不逮重誨，何敢當此？」 上遣孟漢瓊詣中書議重誨事，馮道曰：「諸公果愛安令，宜解其樞務為便。」 趙鳳曰：「公失言。」 乃奏大臣不可輕動。
An Chonghui had held power for years, and many at court and beyond resented him; Wang Defei and Wude commissioner Meng Hanqiong gradually gained influence and repeatedly slandered Chonghui to the emperor. Chonghui grew fearful and asked to resign from state affairs. The emperor said, "I bear you no ill will—I have already executed your accusers. Why do this?" On jiaxu Chonghui pleaded in person again: "I rose from poverty to this height, only to be accused of treason—had Your Majesty not been so clear-sighted, my line would have been extinguished. My abilities are too slight for this burden; I fear I cannot silence the rumors. Grant me a post in the provinces so I may live out my days in peace." The emperor refused; Chonghui pressed on without cease until the emperor snapped, "Go then—I am not short of men!" Former Chengde governor Fan Yanguang urged the emperor to keep Chonghui: "If he goes, who can replace him?" The emperor said, "Could you not do it yourself?" Yanguang said, "I have served you only briefly, and my talent falls far short of Chonghui's—how could I dare take his place?" The emperor sent Meng Hanqiong to the Secretariat to discuss Chonghui's case. Feng Dao said, "If you truly value Director An, you should relieve him of his bureau duties." Zhao Feng said, "You speak wrongly." He then memorialized that great ministers must not be removed lightly.
36
東川兵至閬州，諸將皆曰：「重璋久蓄反謀，以金帛啖其士卒，銳氣不可當，宜深溝高壘以挫之，不過旬日，大軍至，賊自走矣。」 李仁矩曰：「蜀兵懦弱，安能當我精卒！」 遂出戰，兵未交而潰歸。 董璋晝夜攻之，庚辰，城陷，殺仁矩，滅其族。 初，璋為梁將，指揮使姚洪嘗隸麾下，至是，將兵千人戍閬州； 璋密以書誘之，洪投諸廁。 城陷，璋執洪而讓之曰：「吾自行間獎拔汝，今日何相負？」 洪曰：「老賊！ 汝昔為李氏奴，掃馬糞，得臠炙，感恩無窮。 今天子用汝為節度使，何負於汝而反邪？ 汝猶負天子，吾受汝何恩，而雲相負哉！ 汝奴材，固無恥； 吾義士，豈忍為汝所為乎！ 吾寧為天子死，不能與人奴並生！」 璋怒，然鑊於前，令壯士十人刲其肉自啖之，洪至死罵不絕聲。 帝置洪二子於近衛，厚給其家。
When Eastern Chuan troops reached Langzhou, the generals all said, "Zhang has plotted rebellion for years and buys his soldiers with gold and silk. Their spirit is too fierce to meet head-on—we should entrench behind deep ditches and high walls until the main army arrives in ten days and the rebels scatter." Li Renju said, "Shu soldiers are cowards—how can they stand against our elite troops!" He marched out to fight, but his army broke and fled before the lines even met. Dong Zhang assaulted day and night; on gengchen the city fell. He killed Renju and exterminated his clan. Long ago, when Zhang served Liang, commander Yao Hong had been under his command; now Hong garrisoned Langzhou with a thousand men; Zhang secretly sent him a letter of enticement; Hong threw it down the latrine. When the city fell, Zhang seized Hong and demanded, "I promoted you from the ranks myself—how do you repay me thus?" Hong cried, "You old villain! You were once the Li family's slave, shoveling horse dung—a scrap of roasted meat and you were grateful forever. The Son of Heaven made you a military governor—what wrong did he do you that you rebel? You betray the Son of Heaven—what debt do I owe you that you speak of betrayal? You were born a slave and know no shame; I am a man of honor—how could I stoop to your deeds! I would rather die for the emperor than live beside a slave like you!" Zhang in fury set a cauldron boiling before him and had ten strong men carve Hong's flesh and eat it; Hong cursed without cease until he died. The emperor enrolled Hong's two sons in the palace guard and richly provided for his family.
37
甲申，以范延光為樞密使，安重誨如故。
On jiashen Fan Yanguang was appointed military affairs commissioner; An Chonghui kept his post.
38
丙戌，下制削董璋官爵，興兵討之。 丁亥，以孟知祥兼西南面供饋使。 以天雄節度石敬瑭為東川行營都招討使，以夏魯奇為之副。 璋使孟思恭分兵攻集州，思恭輕進，敗歸； 璋怒，遣還成都，知祥免其官。 戊子，以石敬瑭權知東川事。 庚寅，以右武衛上將軍王思同為西都留守兼行營馬步都虞候，為伐蜀前鋒。
On bingxu an edict stripped Dong Zhang of rank and title and ordered troops raised against him. On dinghai Meng Zhixiang was additionally made southwestern supply commissioner. Tianxiong governor Shi Jingtang was made overall commander of the Eastern Chuan campaign, with Xia Luqi as deputy. Zhang sent Meng Sigong to attack Jizhou; Sigong advanced recklessly, was beaten, and retreated; Zhang in anger sent him back to Chengdu; Zhixiang removed him from office. On wuzi Shi Jingtang was given acting charge of Eastern Chuan affairs. On gengyin Wang Sitong, Grand General of the Right Martial Guard, was made defender of the Western Capital and chief adjutant of the campaign army, vanguard for the Shu expedition.
39
漢主遣其將梁克貞、李守鄜攻交州，拔之，執靜海節度使曲承美以歸，以其將李進守交州。
The Han ruler sent generals Liang Kezhen and Li Shouzhen against Jiaozhou, took the city, captured Jinghai governor Qu Chengmei, and left general Li Jin to hold Jiaozhou.
40
冬，十月，癸巳，李仁罕圍遂州，夏魯奇嬰城固守； 孟知祥命都押牙高敬柔帥資州義軍二萬人築長城環之。 魯奇遣馬軍都指揮使康文通出戰，文通聞閬州陷，遂以其眾降於仁罕。
In winter, the tenth month, on guisi, Li Renhan besieged Suizhou while Xia Luqi held the walls; Meng Zhixiang ordered chief adjutant Gao Jingrou to lead twenty thousand Zizhou militia in building a circumvallation around the city. Luqi sent cavalry commander Kang Wentong to fight; learning Langzhou had fallen, Wentong surrendered his force to Renhan.
41
戊戌，董璋引兵趣利州，遇雨，糧運不繼，還閬州。 知祥聞之，驚曰：「比破閬中，正欲逕取利州，其帥不武，必望風遁去。 吾獲其倉廩，據漫天之險，北軍終不能西救武信。 今董公僻處閬州，遠棄劍閣，非計也。」 欲遣兵三千助守劍門； 璋固辭曰：「此已有備。」
On wuxu Dong Zhang marched toward Lizhou, but rain disrupted his supply lines and he withdrew to Langzhou. Zhixiang was alarmed: "With Langzhong just taken, I meant to strike straight for Lizhou—the commander there is no fighter and would surely flee. We would seize his stores, hold the Mantian heights, and the northern army could never relieve Wuxin from the west. Now Dong sits idle at Langzhou, leaving Jian'ge far behind—that is no strategy." He offered three thousand men to help hold Jianmen Pass; Zhang refused firmly: "It is already defended."
42
錢鏐因朝廷冊閩王使都裴羽還，附表引咎； 其子傳瓘及將佐屢為鏐上表自訴。 癸卯，敕聽兩浙綱使自便。
When court envoy Pei Yu returned from investing the King of Min, Qian Liu sent a memorial acknowledging fault; his son Chuanjin and his officers repeatedly memorialized on his behalf. On guimao an edict allowed the Two Zhe transport commissioners free rein.
43
以宣徽北院使馮贇為左衛上將軍、北都留守。
Palace Secretariat northern bureau commissioner Feng Yun was made Grand General of the Left Guard and defender of the Northern Capital.
44
丁未，族誅董光業。
On dingwei Dong Guangye's entire clan was executed.
45
楚王殷寢疾，遣使詣闕，請傳位於其子希聲。 朝廷疑殷已死，辛亥，以希聲為起復武安節度使兼侍中。
Prince Yin of Chu lay gravely ill and sent envoys to court asking to pass the throne to his son Xisheng. Suspecting Yin had already died, on xinhai the court appointed Xisheng, while still in mourning, military governor of Wu'an and Palace Attendant.
46
孟知祥以故蜀鎮江節度使張武為峽路行營招收討伐使，將水軍趣夔州，以左飛棹指揮使袁彥超副之。 癸丑，東川兵陷征、合、巴、蓬、果五州。
Meng Zhixiang made former Shu Zhenjiang governor Zhang Wu commander for the Gorges campaign, leading the fleet toward Kuizhou with left flying-oar commander Yuan Yanchao as deputy. On guichou Eastern Chuan forces took the five prefectures of Zheng, He, Ba, Peng, and Guo.
47
丙辰，吳左僕射、同平章事嚴可求卒。 徐知誥以其長子大將軍景通為兵部尚書、參政事，知誥將出鎮金陵故也。
On bingchen Yan Keqiu, Wu's Left Vice Director and Associate Councilor, died. Xu Zhihao made his eldest son, great general Jingtong, Minister of War and participant in government affairs, as Zhihao prepared to take up his post at Jinling.
48
漢將梁克貞入占城，取其寶貨以歸。
Han general Liang Kezhen invaded Champa, seized its treasure, and returned.
49
十一月，戊辰，張武至渝州，刺史張環降之，遂取瀘州，遣先鋒將朱偓分兵趣黔、涪。
In the eleventh month, on wuchen, Zhang Wu reached Yuzhou; prefect Zhang Huan surrendered; he then took Luzhou and sent vanguard Zhu Wo toward Qian and Fu.
50
己巳，楚王殷卒，遺命諸子，兄弟相繼； 置劍於祠堂，曰； 「違吾命者戮之！」 諸將議遣兵守四境，然後發喪，兵部侍郎黃損曰：「吾喪君有君，何備之有！ 宜遣使詣鄰道告終稱嗣而已。」
On jisi Prince Yin of Chu died, leaving orders that his sons should succeed one another as brothers; he placed a sword in the ancestral hall and declared: "Whoever disobeys my command shall die!" The generals debated posting troops on every border before announcing the death. Vice Minister of War Huang Sun said, "We have lost a lord but gained a lord—what is there to guard against! Send envoys to neighboring circuits to announce his death and proclaim the succession—that is enough."
51
石敬瑭入散關，階州刺史王經贄、瀘州刺史馮暉與前鋒馬步都虞候王思同、步軍都指揮使趙在禮引兵出人頭山後，過劍門之南，還襲劍門，壬申，克之，殺東川兵三千人，獲都指揮使齊彥溫，據而守之。 暉，魏州人也。 甲戌，弘贄等破劍州，而大軍不繼，乃焚其廬舍，取其資糧，還保劍門。 乙亥，詔削孟知祥官爵。 己卯，董璋遣使至成都告急。 知祥聞劍門失守，大懼，曰：「董公果誤我！」 庚辰，遣牙內都指揮使李肇將兵五千赴之，戒之曰：「爾倍道兼行，先據劍州，北軍無能為也。」 又遣使詣遂州，令趙廷隱將萬人會屯劍州。 又遣故蜀永平節度使李筠將兵四千趣龍州，守要害。 時天寒，士卒恐懼，觀望不進，廷隱流涕諭之曰：「今北軍勢盛，汝曹不力戰卻敵，則妻子皆為人有矣。」 眾心乃奮。 董璋自閬州將兩川兵屯木馬寨。 先是，西川牙內指揮使太谷龐福誠、昭信指揮使謝鍠屯來蘇村，聞劍門失守，相謂曰：「使北軍更得劍州，則二蜀勢危矣。」 遽引部兵千餘人間道趣劍州。 始至，官軍萬餘人自北山大下，會日暮，二人謀曰：「眾寡不敵，逮明則吾屬無遺矣。」 福誠夜引兵數百升北山，大噪於官軍營後，鍠帥餘眾操短兵自其前急擊之； 官軍大驚，空營遁去，復保劍門，十餘日不出。 孟知祥聞之，喜曰：「吾始謂弘贄等克劍門，逕據劍州，堅守其城，或引兵直趣梓州，董公必棄閬州奔還； 我軍失援，亦須解遂州之圍。 如此則內外受敵，兩川震動，勢可憂危； 今乃焚毀劍州，運糧東歸劍門，頓兵不進，吾事濟矣。」 官軍分道趣文州，將襲龍州，為西川定遠指揮使潘福超、義勝都頭太原沙延祚所敗。 甲申，張武卒於渝州； 知祥命袁彥超代將其兵。 朱偓將至涪州，武泰節度使楊漢賓棄黔南，奔忠州； 偓追至豐都，還取涪州。 知祥以成都支使崔善權武泰留後。 董璋遣前陵州刺史王暉將兵三千會李肇等分屯劍州南山。
Shi Jingtang entered San'guan Pass. Jie prefect Wang Jingzan, Lu prefect Feng Hui, vanguard adjutant Wang Sitong, and infantry commander Zhao Zaili led troops around behind Rentou Mountain, passed south of Jianmen, then doubled back and seized the pass on renshen, killing three thousand Eastern Chuan soldiers, capturing commander Qi Yanwen, and holding the position. Hui was from Weizhou. On jiaxu Hou Hongshi and others took Jian prefecture, but the main army did not follow; they burned the buildings, seized the supplies, and fell back to Jianmen. On yihai an edict stripped Meng Zhixiang of rank and title. On jimao Dong Zhang sent envoys to Chengdu pleading for aid. Hearing Jianmen had fallen, Zhixiang was terrified: "Dong has ruined me after all!" On gengchen he sent inner guard commander Li Zhao with five thousand men, instructing him, "March day and night—seize Jian prefecture first, and the northern army will be helpless." He also ordered Zhao Tingyin at Suizhou to bring ten thousand men to concentrate at Jian prefecture. He further sent former Shu Yongping governor Li Yun with four thousand men to Longzhou to hold the critical passes. The weather was bitter; the soldiers hung back in fear. Tingyin wept as he addressed them: "The northern army is strong—if you do not fight with all your might, your wives and children will belong to the enemy." Their spirits rallied. Dong Zhang led the combined Chuan forces from Langzhou to camp at Muma Stockade. Earlier, Western Chuan inner guard commander Pang Fucheng of Taigu and Zhaoxin commander Xie Heng were camped at Laisu Village. Hearing Jianmen had fallen, they said to each other, "If the northern army also takes Jian prefecture, both Shu regions are lost." They immediately led more than a thousand men by a hidden path toward Jian prefecture. They had barely arrived when more than ten thousand imperial troops poured down from North Mountain. Dusk was falling, and the two men conferred: "We are outnumbered; by dawn not one of us will be left." That night Fucheng led several hundred men up North Mountain and raised a great uproar behind the imperial camp, while Heng led the rest with short weapons in a frontal assault. The imperial army panicked, abandoned the camp, and fled back to Jianmen, where they stayed more than ten days without emerging. When Meng Zhixiang heard the news, he rejoiced: "I had feared Hongshi and his men would take Jianmen, march straight on Jian prefecture, hold the city, or push directly toward Zizhou—Dong would have to abandon Langzhou and flee back; our army would lose its reinforcements, and we would have to raise the siege of Suizhou as well. Then we would be attacked from within and without, both Chuan would be shaken, and the situation would grow dire; but instead they burned Jian prefecture, hauled supplies back east to Jianmen, and halted without advancing. My cause is saved." The imperial army split its forces toward Wen prefecture, intending to strike Long prefecture, but was defeated by Pan Fuchao, Dingyuan commander of Western Chuan, and Sha Yanzuo of Taiyuan, company head of Yisheng. On jiashen Zhang Wu died at Yuzhou; Zhixiang ordered Yuan Yanchao to take command of his troops. Zhu Wo was approaching Fuzhou when Yang Hanbin, military governor of Wutai, abandoned southern Qian and fled to Zhong prefecture; Wo pursued him to Fengdu, then turned back and recovered Fuzhou. Zhixiang appointed Cui Shan, branch commissioner of Chengdu, acting governor of Wutai. Dong Zhang sent former Ling prefect Wang Hui with three thousand men to join Li Zhao and others in dividing their forces and encamping on the southern mountains of Jian prefecture.
52
丙戌，馬希聲襲位，稱遺命去建國之制，復籓鎮之舊。
On bingxu Ma Xisheng succeeded to power, citing a deathbed command to abolish Chu’s kingship and restore the old frontier-command arrangement.
53
契丹東丹王突欲自以失職，帥部曲四十人越海自登州來奔。
The Khitan Prince of Eastern Dan, Yelü Tuyu, believing he had lost his post, led forty followers across the sea from Deng prefecture to defect.
54
十二月，壬辰，石敬瑭至劍門。 乙未，進屯劍州北山； 趙廷隱陳於牙城後山，李肇、王暉陳於河橋。 敬瑭引步兵進擊廷隱，廷隱擇善射者五百人伏敬瑭歸路，按甲待之，矛稍欲相及，乃揚旗鼓噪擊之，北軍退走，顛墜下山，俘斬百餘人。 敬瑭又使騎兵沖河橋，李肇以強弩射之，騎兵不能進。 薄暮，敬瑭引去，廷隱引兵躡之，與伏兵合擊，敗之。 敬瑭還屯劍門。
In the twelfth month, on renchen, Shi Jingtang reached Jianmen Pass. On yiwei he advanced and encamped on the northern hills of Jian prefecture; Zhao Tingyin formed up on the hill behind the headquarters city; Li Zhao and Wang Hui formed up at the river bridge. Jingtang led infantry against Tingyin. Tingyin picked five hundred crack archers and hid them along Jingtang’s line of retreat. They held their ground until the spear-points nearly met, then raised flags and drums and charged with a shout. The northern army broke and tumbled down the slopes; more than a hundred were killed or captured. Jingtang sent cavalry to charge the river bridge, but Li Zhao drove them back with heavy crossbows and the horsemen could not get through. At dusk Jingtang withdrew. Tingyin pursued, joined the ambush, and routed him. Jingtang fell back to Jianmen.
55
癸卯，夔州奏復取開州。
On guimao Qizhou reported that Kai prefecture had been recovered.
56
庚戌，以武安節度使馬希聲為武安、靜江節度使，加兼中書令。
On gengxu Ma Xisheng, military governor of Wu'an, was made military governor of Wu'an and Jingjiang and additionally appointed concurrent Grand Councilor.
57
石敬瑭征蜀未有功，使者自軍前來，多言道險狹，進兵甚難，關右之人疲於轉餉，往往竄匿山谷，聚為盜賊。 上憂之，壬子，謂近臣曰：「誰能辦吾事者！ 吾當自行耳。」 安重誨曰：「臣職忝機密，軍威不振，臣之罪也，臣請自往督戰。」 上許之。 重誨即拜辭，癸丑，遂行，日馳數百里。 西方籓鎮聞之，無不惶駭。 錢帛、芻糧晝夜輦運赴利州，人畜斃踣於山谷者不可勝紀。 時上已疏重誨，石敬瑭本不欲西征，及重誨離上側，乃敢累表奏論，以為蜀不可伐，上頗然之。
Shi Jingtang’s campaign against Shu had not yet succeeded. Envoys from the front reported again and again that the roads were narrow and treacherous, advance was painfully slow, and the people west of the pass were exhausted by supply transport—many hid in the hills and turned to banditry. The emperor was deeply worried. On renzi he said to his close advisers, "Who can see this through for me! I shall go myself." An Chonghui said, "I hold a post at the heart of state affairs, and if army morale has not recovered, the fault is mine. I ask to go west myself and direct the fighting." The emperor agreed. Chonghui took his leave at once. On guichou he set out, riding several hundred li a day. When the western frontier commands heard of it, all were seized with fear. Coin, silk, fodder, and grain were carted day and night to Lizhou; the men and beasts that collapsed dead in the mountain valleys were beyond counting. By then the emperor had already grown cool toward Chonghui. Shi Jingtang had never wanted this western campaign; once Chonghui left the capital, he dared send memorial after memorial arguing that Shu could not be taken, and the emperor largely agreed.
58
西川兵先戍夔州者千五百人，上悉縱歸。
The emperor released all fifteen hundred Western Chuan troops previously garrisoned at Qizhou and allowed them to return home.
59
明宗聖德和武欽孝皇帝中之下長興二年（ 辛卯，公元九三一年）
Second year of Changxing (931), middle and lower section of the reign of Emperor Mingzong of Tang, styled the Sagacious, Virtuous, Harmonious, Martial, and Reverently Filial ( 931 CE, year xinmao).
60
春，正月，壬戌，孟知祥奉表謝。
In spring, the first month, on renxu Meng Zhixiang submitted a memorial of thanks.
61
庚午，李仁罕陷遂州，夏魯奇自殺。
On gengwu Li Renhan took Suizhou; Xia Luqi killed himself.
62
癸酉，石敬瑭復引兵至劍州，屯於北山。 孟知祥梟夏魯奇首以示之。 魯奇二子從敬瑭在軍中，泣請往取其首葬之，敬瑭曰：「知祥長者，必葬而父，豈不逾於身首異處乎！」 既而知祥果收葬之。 敬瑭與趙廷隱戰不利，復還劍門。
On guiyou Shi Jingtang again led his army to Jian prefecture and encamped on the northern hills. Meng Zhixiang displayed Xia Luqi’s severed head to intimidate him. Luqi’s two sons, who were with Jingtang’s army, wept and begged to recover the head for burial. Jingtang said, "Zhixiang is a man of honor—he will surely give Luqi a proper burial. Would that not be better than having body and head lie apart?" Soon afterward Zhixiang did indeed recover the body and bury it properly. Jingtang fought Zhao Tingyin without success and withdrew again to Jianmen.
63
丙戌，加高從誨兼中書令。
On bingxu Gao Conghui was additionally appointed concurrent Grand Councilor.
64
東川歸合州於武信軍。
Eastern Chuan returned He prefecture to the Wuxin command.
65
初，鳳翔節度使朱弘昭諂事安重誨，連得大鎮。 重誨過鳳翔，弘昭迎拜馬首，館於府捨，延入寢室，妻子羅拜，奉進酒食，禮甚謹。 重誨為弘昭泣言：「讒人交構，幾不免，賴主上明察，得保宗族。」 重誨既去，弘昭即奏「重誨怨望，有惡言，不可令至行營，恐奪石敬瑭兵柄。」 又遺敬瑭書，言「重誨舉措孟浪，若至軍前，恐將士疑駭，不戰自潰，宜逆止之。」 敬瑭大懼，即上言：重誨至，恐人情有變，宜急征還。」 宣徽使孟漢瓊自西方還，亦言重誨過惡，有詔召重誨還。
Earlier, Zhu Hongzhao, military governor of Fengxiang, had fawned on An Chonghui and in succession won major commands. When Chonghui passed through Fengxiang, Hongzhao met him and bowed at his horse’s head, lodged him in the headquarters, and ushered him into his private quarters, where his wife and children bowed in a circle and served wine and food with elaborate courtesy. Chonghui wept as he told Hongzhao, "Slanderers plotted against me and I nearly did not survive; only the emperor’s clear judgment preserved my clan." After Chonghui left, Hongzhao immediately memorialized that Chonghui was resentful and had spoken ill of the court, and that he must not be allowed to reach the field camp lest he seize Shi Jingtang’s command. He also wrote to Jingtang, saying that Chonghui acted recklessly and that if he reached the front the troops might panic and collapse without fighting; he should be stopped before he arrived. Jingtang was terrified and immediately reported that if Chonghui arrived the army’s morale might turn and he should be urgently recalled. Meng Hanqiong, Palace Secretariat commissioner, returning from the west, also reported Chonghui’s misconduct, and an edict was issued recalling him.
66
二月，己丑朔，石敬瑭以遂、閬既陷，糧運不繼，燒營北歸。 軍前以告孟知祥，知祥匿其書，謂趙季良曰：「北軍漸進，奈何？」 季良曰：「不過綿州，必遁。」 知祥問其故，曰：「我逸彼勞，彼懸軍千里，糧盡，能無遁乎！」 知祥大笑，以書示之。
In the second month, on the first day yichou, with Suizhou and Langzhou already fallen and supplies exhausted, Shi Jingtang burned his camps and marched north. The front sent word to Meng Zhixiang. Zhixiang hid the report and said to Zhao Jiliang, "The northern army is pressing forward—what are we to do? Jiliang said, "They will not get past Mian prefecture—they are sure to run." Zhixiang asked why. He said, "We are rested and they are exhausted; their army is stranded a thousand li from home and their grain is gone—how could they not flee?" Zhixiang laughed aloud and showed him the report.
67
安重誨至三泉，得詔亟歸； 過鳳翔，朱弘昭不內，重誨懼，馳騎而東。
An Chonghui reached Sanquan, received the recall edict, and hurried back; Passing Fengxiang, Zhu Hongzhao refused to admit him. Chonghui was afraid and galloped east.
68
兩川兵追石敬瑭至利州，壬辰，昭武節度使李彥琦棄城走； 甲午，兩川兵入利州。 孟知祥以趙廷隱為昭武留後，廷隱遣使密言於知祥曰：「董璋多詐，可與同憂，不可與共樂，他日必為公患。 因其至劍州勞軍，請圖之，並兩川之眾，可以得志於天下。」 知祥不許。 璋入廷隱營，留宿而去。 廷隱歎曰：「不從吾謀，禍難未已！」
The Two Chuan armies pursued Shi Jingtang to Lizhou. On renchen Li Yanqi, military governor of Zhaowu, abandoned the city and fled; On jiawu the Two Chuan armies entered Lizhou. Meng Zhixiang made Zhao Tingyin acting governor of Zhaowu. Tingyin sent a secret message to Zhixiang: "Dong Zhang is treacherous—one may share trouble with him but not triumph; someday he will surely become your enemy. When he comes to Jian prefecture to review the troops, ask that we seize him. With the combined strength of both Chuan, you could fulfill your ambition in the realm." Zhixiang refused. Zhang entered Tingyin’s camp, stayed the night, and left. Tingyin sighed and said, "He would not heed my counsel—disaster is not yet over!"
69
庚子，孟知祥以武信留後李仁罕為峽路行營招討使，使將水軍東略地。
On gengzi Meng Zhixiang made Li Renhan, acting governor of Wuxin, commander of the Gorge-route expedition and ordered him to lead the river force eastward to seize territory.
70
辛丑，以樞密使兼中書令安重誨為護國節度使。 趙鳳言於上曰：「重誨陛下家臣，其心終不叛主，但以不能周防，為人所讒； 陛下不察其心，重誨死無日矣。」 上以為朋黨，不悅。 乙巳，趙廷隱、李肇自劍州引還，留兵五千戍利州。 丙午，董璋亦還東川，留兵三千戍果、閬。
On xinchou An Chonghui, Bureau of Military Affairs commissioner and concurrent Grand Councilor, was made military governor of Huguo. Zhao Feng said to the emperor, "Chonghui is Your Majesty’s household servant—his heart will never turn against you. It is only that he could not guard himself on every side and was slandered; if Your Majesty does not see his loyalty, Chonghui will not live long." The emperor took this for factional collusion and was displeased. On yisi Zhao Tingyin and Li Zhao withdrew from Jian prefecture, leaving five thousand men to garrison Lizhou. On bingwu Dong Zhang also returned to Eastern Chuan, leaving three thousand men to garrison Guo and Lang.
71
丁巳，李仁罕陷忠州。
On dingsi Li Renhan took Zhong prefecture.
72
吳徐知誥欲以中書侍郎、內樞使宋齊丘為相，齊丘自以資望素淺，欲以退讓為高，謁歸洪州葬父，因入九華山，止於應天寺，啟求隱居； 吳主下詔征之，知誥亦以書招之，皆不至。 知誥遣其子景通自入山敦諭，齊丘始還朝，除右僕射致仕，更命應天寺曰征賢寺。
Xu Zhigao of Wu wished to make Song Qiqiu, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Inner Pivot commissioner, a chief minister. Qiqiu, believing his standing too slight, sought to burnish his reputation through humility: he asked leave to return to Hong prefecture to bury his father, entered Jiuhua Mountain, lodged at Yingtian Temple, and petitioned to live in retirement; The ruler of Wu issued an edict summoning him, and Zhigao wrote as well—but neither could bring him back. Zhigao sent his son Jingtong into the mountains in person to persuade him. Qiqiu then returned to court, was granted retirement as Right Vice Director, and Yingtian Temple was renamed Zhengxian, "Summoning the Worthy."
73
三月，己未朔，李仁罕陷萬州； 庚申，陷雲安監。
In the third month, on the first day jiwei, Li Renhan took Wan prefecture; On gengshen he took the Yun'an saltworks.
74
辛酉，賜契丹東丹王突欲姓東丹，名慕華，以為懷化節度使，瑞、慎等州觀察使； 其部曲及先所俘契丹將惕隱等，皆賜姓名。 惕隱姓狄，名懷惠。
On xinyou the Khitan Prince of Eastern Dan, Yelü Tuyu, was granted the surname Dongdan and the personal name Muhua, and was made military governor of Huaihua and observation commissioner over Rui, Shen, and other prefectures; His followers and previously captured Khitan officers, including the tiyiin, were all granted Chinese surnames and personal names. The tiyiin was given the surname Di and the personal name Huaihui.
75
李仁罕至夔州，寧江節度使安崇阮棄鎮，與楊漢賓自均、房逃歸； 壬戌，仁罕陷夔州。
When Li Renhan reached Qizhou, An Chongruan, military governor of Ningjiang, abandoned his post and fled homeward with Yang Hanbin from Jun and Fang; On renxu Renhan took Qizhou.
76
帝既解安重誨樞務，乃召李從珂，泣謂曰：「如重誨意，汝安得復見吾！」 丙寅，以從珂為左衛大將軍。
Once the emperor had relieved An Chonghui of his bureau duties, he summoned Li Congke and said through tears, "Had Chonghui had his way, how could you ever have seen me again! On bingyin Congke was made commander of the Left Guard.
77
壬申，橫海節度使、同平章事孔循卒。
On renshen Kong Xun, military governor of Henghai and Associate Grand Councilor, died.
78
乙酉，復以錢鏐為天下兵馬都元帥、尚父、吳越國王，遣監門上將軍張籛往諭旨，以曏日致仕，安重誨矯制也。
On yiyou Qian Liu was again made commander-in-chief of all armies and cavalry, Imperial Preceptor, and King of Wuyue. Supervising Gate General Zhang Kui was sent to deliver the imperial message: the earlier order for his retirement had been forged by An Chonghui.
79
丁亥，以太常卿李愚為中書侍郎、同平章事。
On dinghai Li Yu, Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Associate Grand Councilor.
80
夏，四月，辛卯，以王德妃為淑妃。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinmao Wang Defei was made Pure Consort.
81
閩奉國節度使兼中書令王延稟聞閩王延鈞有疾，以次子繼升知建州留後，帥建州刺史繼雄將水軍襲福州。 癸卯，延稟攻西門，繼雄攻東門； 延鈞遣樓船指揮使王仁達將水軍拒之。 仁達伏甲舟中，偽立白幟請降，繼雄喜，屏左右，登仁達舟慰撫之； 仁達斬繼雄，梟首於西門。 延稟方縱火攻城，見之，慟哭，仁達因縱兵擊之，眾潰，左右以斛舁延稟而走，甲辰，追擒之。 延鈞見之曰：「果煩老史再下！」 延稟慚不能對。 延鈞囚於別室，遣使者如建州招撫其黨； 其黨殺使者，奉繼升及弟繼倫奔吳越。 仁達，延鈞從子也。
Wang Yanbing, military governor of Fengguo in Min and concurrent Grand Councilor, hearing that the ruler of Min, Wang Yanjun, was ill, put his second son Jisheng in charge as acting governor of Jian prefecture and led Jianzhou prefect Jixiong with a river force in a surprise attack on Fuzhou. On guimao Yanbing attacked the west gate and Jixiong the east gate; Yanjun sent tower-ship commander Wang Renda with a river force to oppose them. Renda hid armored men in his boats and falsely raised white banners to offer surrender. Jixiong was delighted, dismissed his attendants, and boarded Renda’s boat to accept his submission; Renda cut down Jixiong and displayed his head at the west gate. Yanbing was just setting fires and storming the walls. When he saw the head he wailed in grief. Renda then unleashed his troops; the attackers broke and fled, and attendants carried Yanbing away in a grain bin. On jiachen he was pursued and captured. When Yanjun saw him he said, "So the Old Historian really had to come down again!" Yanbing was ashamed and could not answer. Yanjun held him under guard in a separate chamber and dispatched envoys to Jian prefecture to pacify his followers; His followers killed the envoys, rallied behind Jisheng and his younger brother Jilun, and fled to Wu-Yue. Renda was Yanjun's nephew.
82
以宣徽北院使趙延壽為樞密使。
Zhao Yanshou, Palace Secretariat northern bureau commissioner, was appointed Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
83
己酉，天雄節度使、同平章事石敬瑭兼六軍諸衛副使。
On jiyou Shi Jingtang, military governor of Tianxiong and concurrent Grand Councilor, was also made deputy commander of the Six Armies guards.
84
辛亥，以朱弘照為宣徽南院使。
On xinhai Zhu Hongzhao was appointed Palace Secretariat southern bureau commissioner.
85
五月，閩王延鈞斬王延稟於市，復其姓名曰周彥琛，遣其弟都教練使延政如建州撫慰吏民。
In the fifth month, Wang Yanjun of Min had Wang Yanbing beheaded in the marketplace, restored his birth name to Zhou Yanchen, and sent his brother Yan Zheng, chief training commissioner, to Jian prefecture to reassure officials and commoners.
86
丁卯，罷畝稅麴錢，城中官造麴減舊半價，鄉村聽百姓自造； 民甚便之。
On dingmao the per-mu tax on brewer's yeast was abolished; official yeast sold in the cities was cut to half the old price, and in the countryside people were allowed to brew it on their own; The people welcomed the change.
87
己卯，以孟漢瓊知內侍省事，充宣徽北院使。 漢瓊，本趙王鎔奴也。 時范延光、趙延壽雖為樞密使，懲安重悔以剛愎得罪，每於政事不敢可否； 獨漢瓊與王淑妃居中用事，人皆憚之。 先是，宮中須索稍逾常度，重誨輒執奏，由是非分之求殆絕。 至是，漢瓊直以中宮之命取府庫物，不復關由樞密院及三司，亦無語文書，所取不可勝紀。
On jimao Meng Hanqiong was placed in charge of the Directorate of Palace Attendants and appointed Palace Secretariat northern bureau commissioner. Hanqiong had once been a slave of Zhao Wang Rong. Fan Yanguang and Zhao Yanshou were then Commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs, but remembering how An Chonghui had been ruined by stubbornness, they no longer dared to speak up on state affairs; Only Hanqiong and Consort Wang wielded power within the palace, and everyone feared them. Before this, palace requisitions had begun to exceed proper bounds, but Chonghui would always report them to the throne, and improper demands had nearly disappeared. Now Hanqiong took goods straight from the treasury on the empress's orders, without passing through the Bureau of Military Affairs or the Three Departments and without any paperwork; what was taken were countless.
88
辛巳，以相州刺史孟鵠為左驍衛大將軍，充三司使。
On xinsi Meng Hu, prefect of Xiangzhou, was appointed Grand General of the Left Guard and Commissioner of the Three Departments.
89
昭武留後趙廷隱自成都赴利州，逾月，請兵進取興元及秦、鳳； 孟知祥以兵疲民困，不許。
Zhao Tingyin, acting governor of Zhaowu, went from Chengdu to Lizhou; after more than a month he asked for troops to take Xingyuan and the Qin and Feng prefectures; Meng Zhixiang, citing exhausted armies and a worn-out populace, refused.
90
護國節度使兼中書令安重誨內不自安，表請致仕； 閏月，庚寅，制以太子太師致仕。 是日，其子崇贊、崇緒逃奔河中。 壬辰，以保義節度使李從璋為護國節度使； 甲午，遣步軍指揮使藥彥稠將兵趣河中。 安崇贊等至河中，重誨驚曰：「汝安得來？」 既而曰：「吾知之矣，此非渠意，為人所使耳。 吾以死徇國，夫復何言！」 乃執二子表送詣闕。 明日，有中使至，見重誨，慟哭久之； 重誨問其故，中使曰：「人言令公有異志，朝廷已遣藥彥稠將兵至矣。」 重誨曰：「吾受國怨，死不足報，敢有異志，更煩國家發兵，貽主上之憂，罪益重矣。」 崇贊等至陝，有詔繫獄。 皇城使翟光鄴素惡重誨，帝遣詣河中察之，曰：「重誨果有異志則誅之。」 光鄴至河中，李從璋以甲士圍其第，自入見重誨，拜於庭下。 重誨驚，降階答拜，從璋奮撾擊其首； 妻張氏驚救，亦撾殺之。 奏至，己亥，下詔，以重誨離間孟知祥、董璋、錢鏐為重誨罪，又誣其欲自擊淮南以圖兵柄，遣元隨竊二子歸本道； 並二子誅之。
An Chonghui, military governor of Huguo and concurrent Grand Councilor, grew uneasy in his own mind and memorialized asking to retire; In the intercalary month, on gengyin, an edict ordered him to retire with the title Grand Preceptor to the Heir Apparent. That same day his sons Chongzan and Chongxu fled to Hezhong. On renchen Li Congzhang, military governor of Baoyi, was appointed military governor of Huguo; On jiawu infantry commander Yao Yanchou was dispatched with troops toward Hezhong. When An Chongzan and the others reached Hezhong, Chonghui exclaimed in alarm, "How did you get here?" Then he said, "I see. This was not their own idea—they were sent by someone. I will die for the state—what more is there to say!" Thereupon he seized the two sons and sent a memorial presenting them to the throne. The next day a palace envoy arrived, and on seeing Chonghui he wept bitterly for a long time; Chonghui asked why, and the envoy said, "People say you harbor rebellious intent, and the court has already sent Yao Yanchou with troops." Chonghui said, "The state already bears a grudge against me; death would not repay it. How could I dare rebel? To trouble the realm with troops again and burden the sovereign with worry would only deepen my guilt." When Chongzan and the others reached Shan, an edict ordered them imprisoned. Zhai Guangye, commissioner of the Imperial City, had long hated Chonghui; the emperor sent him to Hezhong to investigate, saying, "If Chonghui truly harbors rebellious intent, put him to death." When Guangye reached Hezhong, Li Congzhang surrounded his residence with armored troops, entered to see Chonghui, and bowed in the courtyard. Chonghui was startled; he came down the steps to return the bow, and Congzhang struck him on the head with a mace; His wife Lady Zhang rushed to save him and was beaten to death as well. When the report arrived, on jihai an edict was issued: Chonghui's crimes were said to include driving wedges between Meng Zhixiang, Dong Zhang, and Qian Liu; he was also falsely accused of planning to campaign against Huainan himself to seize military power, and of sending Yuansui to steal his two sons back to his circuit; Both sons were executed as well.
91
丙午，帝遣西川進奏官蘇願、東川軍將劉澄各還本道，諭以安重誨專命，興兵致討，今已伏辜。
On bingwu the emperor sent Western Chuan memorial envoy Su Yuan and Eastern Chuan officer Liu Cheng each back to his circuit, explaining that An Chonghui had acted on private authority, raised troops for punitive action, and had now atoned with his life.
92
六月，乙丑，復以李從珂同平章事，充西都留守。
In the sixth month, on yichou Li Congke was again made Associate Grand Councilor and defender of the Western Capital.
93
丙子，命諸道均民田稅。
On bingzi the court ordered equalized land taxes across the circuits.
94
閩王延鈞好神仙之術，道士陳守元、巫者徐彥、興盛韜共誘之作寶皇宮，極土木之盛，以守元為宮主。
Wang Yanjun of Min was devoted to immortality arts; the Daoist Chen Shouyuan, the shaman Xu Yan, and Xingsheng Tao together persuaded him to build the Precious Emperor Palace on the grandest scale and made Shouyuan its master.
95
秋，九月，己亥，更賜東凡慕華姓名曰李贊華。
In autumn, the ninth month, on jihai Dong Fan Muhua was again granted the personal name Li Zanhua.
96
吳鎮南節度使、同平章事徐知諫卒； 以諸道副都統、鎮海節度使、守中書令徐知詢代之，賜爵東海郡王。 徐知誥之召知詢入朝也，知諫豫其謀。 知詢遇其喪於塗，撫棺泣曰：「弟用心如此，我亦無憾，然何面見先王於地下乎！」 辛丑，加樞密使范延光同平章事。
Xu Zhijian, military governor of Zhennan in Wu and concurrent Grand Councilor, died; Xu Zhixun, deputy overall commander of the circuits, military governor of Zhenhai, and Guardian of the Secretariat, replaced him and was granted the title Prince of Donghai commandery. When Xu Zhihao had summoned Zhixun to court, Zhijian had been party to the scheme. Zhixun met the funeral procession on the road, stroked the coffin, and wept, saying, "Brother, you set your heart on this—I have no regrets, but how can I face our late king in the underworld!" On xinchou Fan Yanguang, Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was given the additional title of Associate Grand Councilor.
97
辛亥，敕解縱五坊鷹隼，內外無得更進。 馮道曰：「陛下可謂仁及禽獸。」 上曰：「不然。 朕昔嘗從武皇獵，時秋稼方熟，有獸逸入田中，遣騎取之，比及得獸，餘稼無幾。 以是思之，獵有損無益，故不為耳。」
On xinhai an edict ordered the release of hawks and falcons from the Five Paddocks; no one inside or outside the palace might present any more. Feng Dao said, "Your Majesty's benevolence extends even to birds and beasts." The emperor said, "Not so. Long ago I hunted with Emperor Wu. The autumn grain was just ripening when a beast bolted into the fields. Horsemen were sent after it, and by the time they caught it, little grain was left standing. Thinking it over, hunting does harm and no good—that is why I do not hunt."
98
冬，十月，丁卯，洋州指揮使李進唐攻通州，拔之。
In winter, the tenth month, on dingmao Li Jintang, commander of Yang prefecture, attacked Tong prefecture and took it.
99
壬午，以王延政為建州刺史。
On renwu Wang Yanzheng was appointed prefect of Jianzhou.
100
十一月，甲申朔，日有食之。
In the eleventh month, on the new moon of jiashen, there was a solar eclipse.
101
癸巳，蘇願至成都，孟知祥聞甥姪在朝廷者皆無恙，遣使告董璋，欲與之俱上表謝罪。 璋怒曰：「孟公親戚皆完，固宜歸附； 璋已族滅，尚何謝為！ 詔書皆在蘇願腹中，劉澄安得豫聞，璋豈不知邪！」 由是復為怨敵。
On guisi Su Yuan reached Chengdu. Meng Zhixiang, learning that his nephews and nieces at court were all safe, sent an envoy to tell Dong Zhang that he wished to submit a joint memorial of thanks and apology. Zhang said angrily, "Lord Meng's kin are all intact—of course he should submit; Zhang's clan has already been wiped out—what is there to thank anyone for! The edicts all lie in Su Yuan's belly—how could Liu Cheng have heard of them beforehand? Do you think Zhang does not know! From that point they were enemies again."
102
乙未，李仁罕自夔州引兵還成都。
On yiwei Li Renhan led his troops back to Chengdu from Kuizhou.
103
吳中書令徐知誥表稱輔政歲久，請歸老金陵； 乃以知誥為鎮海、寧國節度使，鎮金陵，餘官如故，總錄朝政如徐溫故事。 以其子兵部尚書、參政事景通為司徒、同平章事，知中外左右諸軍事，留江都輔政； 以內樞使、同平章事王令謀為右僕射，兼門下侍郎； 以宋齊丘為右僕射，兼中書侍郎。 並同平章事，兼內樞使，以佐景通。 賜德勝節度使張崇爵清河王。 崇在廬州貪暴，州人苦之，屢嘗入朝，厚以貨結權要，由是常得還鎮，為廬州患者二十餘年。
Xu Zhihao, Grand Councilor of Wu, memorialized that he had assisted in government for many years and asked to retire to Jinling; He was then made military governor of Zhenhai and Ningguo, garrisoning Jinling; his other offices remained unchanged, and he continued to oversee court affairs after the precedent of Xu Wen. His son Jingtong, Minister of War and participant in state affairs, was made Minister of Education and Associate Grand Councilor, placed in charge of military affairs at home and abroad, left and right, and kept at Jiangdu to assist in government; Wang Lingmou, inner pivot commissioner and Associate Grand Councilor, was made Right Vice Director and concurrent Vice Director of the Chancellery; Song Qiqiu was made Right Vice Director and concurrent Vice Director of the Secretariat. Both were also made Associate Grand Councilors and inner pivot commissioners to assist Jingtong. Zhang Chong, military governor of Desheng, was granted the title Prince of Qinghe. Chong was greedy and brutal in Luzhou, and the people suffered under him. He repeatedly came to court and lavished bribes on the powerful, and so was often able to return to his post—a plague on Luzhou for more than twenty years.
104
十二月，甲寅朔，初聽百姓自鑄農器並雜鐵器，每田二畝，夏秋輸農具三錢。
In the twelfth month, on the new moon of jiayin, commoners were for the first time allowed to cast their own farm tools and miscellaneous ironware; for every two mu of fields, three cash in farm-tool tax was paid in summer and autumn.
105
武安、靜江節度使馬希聲聞梁太祖嗜食雞，慕之，既襲位，日殺五十雞為膳； 居喪無戚容。 庚申，葬武穆王於衡陽，將發引，頓食雞□鶴數盤，前吏部侍郎潘起譏之曰：「昔阮籍居喪食蒸豚； 何代無賢！」
Ma Xisheng, military governor of Wu'an and Jingjiang, hearing that the Founding Emperor of Liang loved chicken, emulated him; once he succeeded to the throne he slaughtered fifty chickens a day for his meals; During mourning he showed no sign of grief. On gengshen the Martial and Reverent King was buried at Hengyang; as the procession was about to set out, Xisheng at one sitting ate several platters of chicken and crane. Pan Qi, former Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel, mocked him, saying, "Long ago Ruan Ji ate steamed pork while in mourning; Every age has its worthies!"
106
癸亥，徐知誥至金陵。
On guihai Xu Zhihao reached Jinling.
107
昭武留後趙廷隱白孟知祥以利州城塹已完，頃在劍州與牙內都指揮使李肇同功，願以昭武讓肇，知祥褒諭，不許； 延隱三讓，癸酉，知祥召廷隱還成都，以肇代之。
Zhao Tingyin, acting governor of Zhaowu, told Meng Zhixiang that Lizhou's moat was now complete; he had recently shared the work at Jian prefecture with Li Zhao, commander of the inner guards, and wished to yield Zhaowu to Zhao; Zhixiang praised and reassured him but would not allow it; Tingyin declined three times; on guiyou Zhixiang recalled Tingyin to Chengdu and replaced him with Zhao.
108
閩陳守元等稱寶皇之命，謂閩王延鈞曰：「苟能避位受道，當為天子六十年。」 延鈞信之，丙子，命其子節度副使繼鵬權軍府事。 延鈞避位受菉，道名玄錫。
In Min, Chen Shouyuan and others, speaking in the name of the Precious Emperor, told Wang Yanjun of Min, "If you can abdicate and receive the Way, you shall reign as Son of Heaven for sixty years." Yanjun believed them; on bingzi he ordered his son Jipeng, military governor's deputy, to manage circuit headquarters affairs. Yanjun abdicated and received the Daoist register; his religious name was Xuanxi.
109
愛州將楊廷藝養假子三千人，圖復交州； 漢交州守將李進知之，受其賂，不以聞。 是歲，廷藝舉兵圍交州，漢主遣承旨程寶將兵救之，未至，城陷。 進逃歸，漢主殺之。 寶圍交州，廷藝出戰，寶敗死。
Yang Tingyi, general of Aizhou, raised three thousand foster sons and plotted to recover Jiaozhou; Li Jin, the Han garrison commander at Jiaozhou, knew of it but took bribes from him and did not report it. That year Tingyi raised troops and besieged Jiaozhou; the ruler of Han sent Cheng Bao, chief drafter, with troops to relieve it, but before they arrived the city fell. Jin fled back and the ruler of Han had him executed. Bao besieged Jiaozhou; Tingyi came out to fight, and Bao was defeated and killed.
110
明宗聖德和武欽孝皇帝中之下長興三年（ 壬辰，公元九三二年）
Third year of Changxing (932), middle and lower section of the reign of Emperor Mingzong of Tang, styled the Sagacious, Virtuous, Harmonious, Martial, and Reverently Filial ( 932 CE, year renchen).
111
春，正月，樞密使范延光言：「自靈州至邠州方渠鎮，使臣及外國入貢者多為党項所掠，請發兵擊之。」 己丑，遣靜難節度使藥彥稠、前朔方節度使康福將步騎七千討党項。
In spring, the first month, Fan Yanguang, Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, said, "From Lingzhou to Fangqu garrison in Binzhou, envoys and foreign tribute missions are often plundered by the Dangxiang—I ask that troops be sent against them." On jichou Yao Yanchou, military governor of Jingnan, and Kang Fu, former military governor of Shuofang, were sent with seven thousand infantry and cavalry to campaign against the Dangxiang.
112
乙未，孟知祥妻福慶長公主卒。
On yiwei the Princess of Changqing, wife of Meng Zhixiang, died.
113
孟知祥以朝廷恩意優厚，而董璋塞綿州路，不聽遣使入謝，與節度副使趙季良等謀，欲發使自峽江上表，掌書記李昊曰：「公不與東川謀而獨遣使，則異日負約之責在我矣。」 乃復遣使語之，璋不從。
Meng Zhixiang, finding the court's favor generous, but with Dong Zhang blocking the Mianzhou route and refusing to allow envoys through to give thanks, consulted with his deputy Zhao Jiliang and others about sending an envoy up the Gorges route to submit a memorial; Chief Secretary Li Hao said, "If you do not consult Eastern Chuan but send an envoy alone, someday the blame for breaking faith will fall on us." An envoy was again sent to speak with him, but Zhang would not agree.
114
二月，趙季良與諸將議遣昭武都監太原高彥儔將兵攻取壁州，以絕山南兵轉入山後諸州者； 孟知祥謀於僚佐，李昊曰：「朝廷遣蘇願等西歸，未嘗報謝，今遣兵侵軼，公若不顧墳墓、甥姪，則不若傳檄舉兵直取梁、洋，安用壁州乎！」 知祥乃止。 季良由是惡昊。
In the second month, Zhao Jiliang and the generals discussed sending Gao Yanchou of Taiyuan, Zhaowu circuit supervisor, with troops to take Bizhou and cut off the route by which Shannan troops might transfer into the prefectures beyond the mountains; Meng Zhixiang consulted his staff; Li Hao said, "The court sent Su Yuan and the others back west, and we never returned thanks. Now you propose sending troops in incursion—if you do not care for your ancestral graves and your nephews and nieces, why not issue a manifesto and raise troops to take Liang and Yang prefectures directly? What use is Bizhou!" Zhixiang thereupon dropped the plan. From this Jiliang came to hate Hao.
115
辛未，初令國子監校定《九經》，雕印賣之。
On xinwei the Directorate of Education was for the first time ordered to collate the Nine Classics and block-print them for sale.
116
藥彥稠等奏破党項十九族，俘二千七百人。
Yao Yanchou and the others reported breaking nineteen Dangxiang clans and capturing twenty-seven hundred people.
117
賜高從誨爵勃海王。
Gao Conghui was granted the title Prince of Bohai.
118
吳徐知誥作禮賢院於府捨，聚圖書，延士大夫，與孫晟及海陵陳覺談議時事。
In Wu, Xu Zhigao built a Hall of Honored Worthies at his headquarters, assembled a library, invited scholar-officials, and debated current affairs with Sun Sheng and Chen Jue of Hailing.
119
孟知祥三遣使說董璋，以主上加禮於兩川，苟不奉表謝罪，恐復致討； 璋不從。 三月，辛丑，遣李昊詣梓州，極論利害，璋見昊，詬怒，不許。 昊還，言於知祥曰：「璋不通謀議，且有窺西川之志，公宜備之。」
Meng Zhixiang sent envoys three times to reason with Dong Zhang, warning that the emperor had shown the Two Chuan extraordinary favor and that failure to submit a memorial of apology might provoke another punitive campaign; Dong Zhang refused. In the third month, on xinchou, he sent Li Hao to Zizhou to plead the case at length; Dong Zhang received him with abuse and rage and would not agree. On his return Li Hao told Zhixiang, "Dong Zhang will not heed reasoned counsel and already eyes Western Chuan—you must prepare against him."
120
甲辰，閩王延鈞復位。
On jiachen Wang Yanjun of Min was restored to the throne.
121
吳越武肅王錢鏐疾，謂將吏曰：「吾疾必不起，諸兒皆愚懦，誰可為帥者？」 眾泣曰：「兩鎮令公仁孝有功，孰不愛戴！」 鏐乃悉出印鑰授傳瓘，曰：「將吏推爾，宜善守之。」 又曰：「子孫善事中國，勿以易姓廢事大之禮。」 庚戌卒，年八十一。 傳瓘與兄弟同幄行喪，內牙指揮使擊仁章曰：「令公嗣先王霸業，將吏旦幕趨謁，當與諸公子異處。」 乃命主者更設一幄，扶傳瓘居之，告將吏曰：「自今惟謁令公，禁諸公子從者無得妄入。」 晝夜警衛，未嘗休息。 鏐末年左右皆附傳瓘，獨仁章數以事犯之。 至是，傳瓘勞之，仁章曰：「先王在位，仁章不知事令公，今日盡節，猶事先王也。」 傳瓘嘉歎久之。 傳瓘既襲位，更名元瓘，兄弟名「傳」者皆更為「元」。 以遺命去國儀，用籓鎮法； 除民田荒絕者租稅。 命處州刺史曹仲達權知政事。 置擇能院，掌選舉殿最，以浙西營田副使沈崧領之。 內牙指揮使富陽劉仁𣏌及陸仁章久事，仁章性剛，仁𣏌好毀短人，皆為眾所惡。 一日，諸將共詣府門請誅之； 元瓘使從子仁俊諭之曰：「二將事先王久，吾方圖其功，汝曹乃欲逞私憾而殺之，可乎，吾為汝王，汝當稟吾命； 不然，吾當歸臨安以避賢路！」 眾懼而退。 乃以仁章為衢州刺史，仁𣏌為湖州刺史。 中外有上書告訐者，元瓘皆置不問，由是將吏輯睦。
Qian Liu, King Wusu of Wuyue, fell ill and told his commanders and officials, "I will not recover from this illness. My sons are all feeble and craven—who is fit to lead?" They wept and answered, "Our Lord of the Two Prefectures is benevolent, dutiful, and proven in service—who would not follow him willingly!" Liu then handed over every seal and key to Chuan Guan, saying, "The officers have chosen you—guard what they entrust to you well." He added, "Let our descendants honor the Central Court faithfully—never let a change of imperial surname in China lead you to abandon the obligations of a loyal vassal." On gengxu he died at the age of eighty-one. Chuan Guan kept vigil with his brothers under one mourning canopy, until Lu Renzhang, commander of the Inner Guard, said, "Our Lord now inherits the late king's realm; officers come and go from dawn till dusk—he should not lodge with the other princes." He had a separate canopy erected and helped Chuan Guan into it, then told the officers, "Henceforth you report only to the Lord; retainers of the other princes are forbidden entry without leave." He stood guard around the clock without rest. In Qian Liu's last years his close circle had all sided with Chuan Guan; only Lu Renzhang had repeatedly crossed him. Now Chuan Guan thanked him; Lu Renzhang replied, "While the late king lived I would not serve the Lord—today I give him my utmost loyalty, yet it is loyalty I still owe the late king." Chuan Guan praised him warmly and sighed at length. Once Chuan Guan had succeeded, he took the name Yuan Guan, and every brother whose name contained the character for "Chuan" changed it to "Yuan." By his father's dying command he set aside the ceremonial of a sovereign state and governed as a military governorship; He exempted abandoned fields from taxation. He appointed Cao Zhongda, prefect of Chuzhou, provisional head of government. He founded a Bureau for Selecting Talent to manage appointments and merit ratings, placing Shen Song, deputy commissioner of Zhexi garrison-agriculture, at its head. Inner Guard commanders Liu Renruan of Fuyang and Lu Renzhang had served for many years—Lu Renzhang was unyielding, Liu Renruan fond of defamation—and both were despised by their fellow officers. One day the generals marched together to headquarters to demand their deaths; Yuan Guan sent his nephew Renjun to address them: "These two officers served my father for years, and I mean to rely on their service—yet you would satisfy private spite by killing them? I am your sovereign; you must take your orders from me. If not, I shall withdraw to Lin'an and leave the throne to worthier hands!" The officers withdrew in alarm. He then made Lu Renzhang prefect of Quzhou and Liu Renruan prefect of Huzhou. When anyone inside or outside the government sent denunciations, Yuan Guan ignored them—and under that policy officers and officials kept the peace.
122
初，契丹捨利萴剌與惕隱皆為趙德鈞所擒，契丹屢遣使請之。 上謀於群臣，德鈞等皆曰：「契丹所以數年不犯邊，數求和者，以此輩在南故也，縱之則邊患復生。」 上以問冀州刺史楊檀，對曰：「萴剌，契丹之驍將，曏助王都謀危社稷，幸而擒之，陛下免其死，為賜已多。 契丹失之如喪手足。 彼在朝廷數年，知中國虛實，若得歸，為患必深，彼才出塞，則南向發矢矣，恐悔之無及。」 上乃止。 檀，沙陀人也。
Earlier the Khitan captives Sheli Zhaci and a tiyin had both been seized by Zhao Dejun, and the Khitan court repeatedly sent envoys demanding their release. The emperor consulted his ministers; Dejun and others argued, "The Khitan have kept the peace and repeatedly sued for it precisely because we hold these men—release them and the frontier will burn again." The emperor asked Yang Tan, prefect of Jizhou, who answered, "Zhaci is one of the Khitan's fiercest generals—he once helped Wang Du threaten the dynasty itself. You already spared his life, which was mercy enough. For the Khitan, losing him was like losing limb and marrow. He has spent years at your court and knows our strengths and weaknesses—send him back and the wound will run deep. The moment he crosses the frontier he will turn his bow south, and then regret will come too late." The emperor dropped the matter. Yang Tan was a Shatuo.
123
上欲授李贊華以河南籓鎮，群臣皆以為不可，上曰：「吾與其父約為昆弟，故贊華歸我。 吾老矣，後世繼體之君，雖欲招之，其可致乎！」 夏，四月，癸亥，以贊華為義成節度使，為選朝士為僚屬輔之。 贊華但優遊自奉，不豫政事； 上嘉之，雖時有不法亦不問，以莊宗後宮夏氏妻之。 贊華好飲人血，姬妾多刺臂以吮之； 婢僕小過，或抉目，或刀刲火灼； 夏氏不忍其殘，奏離婚為尼。
The emperor wanted to grant Li Zanhua a Henan military governorship; his ministers objected unanimously. The emperor said, "I swore brotherhood with his father—that is why Zanhua came to my side. I am old; future emperors who inherit this throne could never lure him here again even if they wished!" In summer, the fourth month, on guihai Li Zanhua was appointed military governor of Yicheng, with court scholars chosen as staff to guide him. Zanhua lived at leisure and stayed out of government; the emperor approved, overlooking occasional outrages, and gave him Lady Xia from Emperor Zhuangzong's inner palace as his wife. Zanhua liked to drink human blood, and his concubines often cut their arms so he could suck the blood; for trifling offenses by servants he gouged out eyes or carved and burned flesh; Lady Xia could not endure his brutality and petitioned to divorce him and take holy orders.
124
乙丑，加宋王從厚兼中書令。
On yichou Prince of Song Conghou was additionally appointed concurrent Grand Councilor.
125
東川節度使董璋會諸將謀襲成都，皆曰必克； 前陵州刺史王暉曰：「劍南萬里，成都為大，時方盛夏，師出無名，必無成功。」 璋不從。 孟知祥聞之，遣馬軍都指揮使潘仁嗣將三千人詣漢州詗之。 璋入境，破白楊林鎮，執戍將武弘禮，聲勢甚盛，知祥憂之。 趙季良曰：「璋為人勇而無恩，士卒不附，城守則難克，野戰則成擒矣。 今不過巢穴，公之利也。 璋用兵精銳皆在前鋒，公宜以贏兵誘之，以勁兵待之，始雖小衄，後必大捷。 璋素有威名，今舉兵暴至，人心危懼。 公當自出御之，以強眾心。」 趙廷隱以季良言為然，曰：「璋輕而無謀，舉兵必敗，當為公擒之。」 辛巳，以廷隱為行營馬步軍都部署，將三萬人拒之。
Dong Zhang of Eastern Chuan summoned his generals to plan a strike on Chengdu, and all assured him of victory; Former Lingzhou prefect Wang Hui warned, "All Jiannan is ten thousand li in extent and Chengdu is its heart—it's high summer and this war has no proper cause. It cannot succeed." Dong Zhang refused to listen. Meng Zhixiang sent Pan Rensi, commander of the mounted forces, with three thousand men to Hanzhou to reconnoiter. Dong Zhang crossed the border, overran Banyanglin Fort, seized the garrison commander Wu Hongli, and swept forward in force—Zhixiang was deeply alarmed. Zhao Jiliang said, "Dong Zhang is brave but ruthless—his troops do not love him. Hold a city and he is hard to crack; meet him in the open and he is yours for the taking. That he has marched out and left his base behind is already to your advantage. His best troops are all in the van—send weak men to bait them and strong men to strike. You may suffer a small reverse first, but the final victory will be great. Dong Zhang's name alone terrifies men, and his sudden invasion has set hearts trembling. You should take the field yourself to stiffen our men's resolve." Zhao Tingyin agreed and added, "Dong Zhang is rash and witless—this campaign will fail, and I will bring him in for you." On xinsi Zhao Tingyin was appointed overall field commander with thirty thousand men to meet the invasion.
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五月，壬午朔，廷隱入辭。 董璋檄書至，又有遺季良、廷隱及李肇書，誣之雲，季良、廷隱與己通謀，召己令來。 知祥以書授廷隱，廷隱不視，投之於地，曰：「不過為反間，欲令公殺副使與廷隱耳。」 再拜而行。 知祥曰：「事必濟矣。」 肇素不知書，視之，曰：「璋教我反耳。」 囚其使者，然亦擁眾為自全計。 璋兵至漢州，潘仁嗣與戰於赤水，大敗，為璋所擒，璋遂克漢州。 癸未，知祥留趙季良、高敬柔守成都，自將兵八千趣漢州，至彌牟鎮，趙廷隱陳於鎮北。 甲申，遲明，廷隱陳於雞蹤橋，義勝定元都知兵馬使張公鐸陳於其後。 俄而璋望西川兵盛，退陳於武侯廟下，璋帳下驍卒大噪曰：「日中曝我輩何為，何不速戰！」 璋乃上馬。 前鋒始交，東川右廂馬步都指揮使張守進降於知祥，言「璋兵盡此，無復後繼，當急擊之。」 知祥登高塚督戰，左明義指揮使毛重威、左衝山指揮使李瑭守雞蹤橋，皆為東川兵所殺。 趙廷隱三戰不利，牙內都指揮副使侯弘實兵亦卻，知祥懼，以馬棰指後陳。 張公鐸帥眾大呼而進，東川兵大敗，死者數千人，擒東川中都指揮使元瑰、牙內副指揮使董光演等八十餘人。 璋拊膺曰：「親兵皆盡，吾何依乎！」 與數騎遁去，餘眾七千人降，復得潘仁嗣。 知祥引兵追璋至五侯津，東川馬步都指揮使元瑰降。 西川兵入漢州府第，求璋不得，士卒爭璋軍資，故璋走得免。 趙廷隱追至赤水，又降其卒三千人。 是夕，知祥宿雒縣，命李昊草榜諭東川吏民，及草書勞問璋，且言將如梓州詢負約之由，請見伐之罪。 乙酉，知祥會廷隱於赤水，遂西還，命廷隱將兵攻梓州。 璋至梓州，肩輿而入，王暉迎問曰：「太尉全軍出征，今還者無十人，何也？」 璋涕泣不能對。 至府第，方食，暉與璋從子牙內都虞侯延浩帥兵三百大嗓而入。 璋引妻子登城，子光嗣自殺。 璋至北門樓，呼指揮使潘稠使討亂兵，稠引十卒登城，斬璋首，乃取光嗣首以授王暉，暉舉城迎降。 趙廷隱入梓州，封府庫以待知祥。 李肇聞璋敗，始斬其使以聞。 丙戌，知祥入成都，丁亥，復將兵八千如梓州，至新都。 趙廷隱獻董璋首。 己丑，發玄武，趙廷隱帥東川將吏來迎。
In the fifth month, on the rengwu new moon, Zhao Tingyin came to bid farewell before marching out. Dong Zhang's manifesto arrived, along with separate letters to Zhao Jiliang, Zhao Tingyin, and Li Zhao—fabricated appeals claiming Jiliang and Tingyin were conspiring with him and inviting him to advance. Zhixiang showed the letter to Zhao Tingyin, who refused even to read it and flung it down. "A plain divide-and-rule trick," he said—"he wants you to execute your deputy and me." He bowed twice and marched off. Zhixiang said, "The matter is as good as won." Li Zhao, who could not read, had the letter read to him and said, "Dong Zhang is inviting me to rebel." He detained the envoy but still massed troops to protect himself. Dong Zhang reached Hanzhou; Pan Rensi fought him at Chishui, was routed and captured, and Dong Zhang took the city. On guiwei Meng Zhixiang left Zhao Jiliang and Gao Jingrou in Chengdu and led eight thousand men toward Hanzhou; at Mimu Fort Zhao Tingyin drew up north of the town. At dawn on jiashen Zhao Tingyin formed up at Jizong Bridge, with Zhang Gongduo, commissioner of Yisheng Dingyuan, in reserve behind him. Soon Dong Zhang saw how strong the Western Chuan host was and pulled back to Marquis Wu Temple. His crack troops bellowed, "Why must we bake in the noon sun—fight now!" Dong Zhang mounted and gave the order. At the first clash Zhang Shoujin, commander of Dongchuan's Right Wing, defected to Meng Zhixiang, reporting, "This is all Dong Zhang has—there is nothing behind him. Press the attack now." Meng Zhixiang took a mound to direct the battle; Mao Chongwei of the Left Mingyi Guard and Li Tang of the Left Chongshan Guard held Jizong Bridge and both fell to Dongchuan troops. Zhao Tingyin lost three successive clashes; Deputy Inner Guard commander Hou Hongshi's men gave ground; Meng Zhixiang grew alarmed and gestured with his whip toward the reserve. Zhang Gongduo led his men forward with a roar; the Dongchuan army collapsed with thousands dead; Yuan Gui, central commander of Dongchuan, Dong Guangyan, deputy inner-guard commander, and more than eighty others were taken. Dong Zhang clutched his chest and cried, "My picked men are spent—who remains for me!" He fled with a handful of horsemen; seven thousand survivors surrendered, and Pan Rensi was recovered. Meng Zhixiang pursued as far as Wuhou Ford, where Dongchuan commander Yuan Gui surrendered to him. Western Chuan troops stormed the Hanzhou prefectural compound but could not find Dong Zhang; soldiers scrambled for his supplies—and that chaos let him slip away. Zhao Tingyin pursued to Chishui and received the surrender of another three thousand men. That night Meng Zhixiang lodged at Luoxian and had Li Hao draft a proclamation to Eastern Chuan's officials and people, along with a letter of concern to Dong Zhang in which he claimed he would come to Zizhou to ask why the pact had been broken and to seek permission to punish the attack. On yiyou he joined Zhao Tingyin at Chishui, turned west, and ordered Tingyin to march on Zizhou. Dong Zhang reached Zizhou carried in a sedan chair. Wang Hui came out to meet him and asked, "Grand Marshal, you marched out with the whole army—how is it that not ten men return with you?" Dong Zhang wept and could not reply. Once he reached headquarters and was at his meal, Wang Hui and Yanhao, inner-guard superintendent to Dong Zhang's son, burst in at the head of three hundred shouting men. Dong Zhang fled with his family to the ramparts; his son Guangsi took his own life. At the north gate tower Dong Zhang called on Pan Chou to put down the mutineers; Pan Chou climbed the wall with ten men, struck off Dong Zhang's head, then took Guangsi's head to Wang Hui, who opened the city and surrendered. Zhao Tingyin entered Zizhou, sealed treasury and stores, and waited for Meng Zhixiang. Only after hearing of Dong Zhang's defeat did Li Zhao execute the envoy and report the matter. On bingxu Meng Zhixiang entered Chengdu; on dinghai he set out again with eight thousand men for Zizhou and reached Xindu. Zhao Tingyin presented Dong Zhang's head. On jichou he departed Xuanwu; Zhao Tingyin brought out Eastern Chuan's officers to welcome him.
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康福奏党項鈔盜者已伏誅，餘皆降附。
Kang Fu reported that Dangxiang bandits had been executed and the rest had submitted.
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壬辰，孟知祥有疾，癸巳，疾甚，中門副使王處回侍左右，庖人進食，必空器而出，以安眾心。 李仁罕自遂州來，趙廷隱迎於板橋； 仁罕不稱東川之功，侵侮廷隱，廷隱大怒。 乙未，知祥疾瘳； 丁酉，入梓州。 戊戌，犒賞將士，既罷，知祥謂李仁罕、趙廷隱曰：「二將誰當鎮此？」 仁罕曰：「令公再與蜀州，亦行耳。」 廷隱不對。 知祥愕然，退，命李昊草牒，俟二將有所推則命一人為留後，昊曰：「昔梁祖、莊宗皆兼領四鎮，今二將不讓，惟公自領之為便耳。 公宜亟還府，更與趙僕射議之。」
On renchen Meng Zhixiang took ill; by guisi he was gravely sick. Wang Chuhui, deputy keeper of the inner gate, stayed at his side; whenever cooks brought food they carried the dishes out empty again—a ruse to calm the court. Li Renhan marched in from Suizhou; Zhao Tingyin met him at Banqiao Bridge; Li Renhan refused to credit the Eastern Chuan campaign and publicly humiliated Zhao Tingyin, who burned with anger. On yiwei Meng Zhixiang began to recover; On dingyou he entered Zizhou. On wuxu he rewarded the army; afterward he asked Li Renhan and Zhao Tingyin, "Which of you should govern this region?" Li Renhan answered, "Give me Shu prefecture again and I would be satisfied." Tingyin said nothing in reply. Zhixiang was stunned and withdrew, ordering Li Hao to draft an appointment and wait until one of the two generals was recommended as acting governor. Hao said, "Liang's founding emperor and Emperor Zhuangzong each held four commands at once. These two will not yield—my lord should take Eastern Chuan yourself. Return to headquarters at once and consult Vice Director Zhao again."
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己亥，契丹使者迭羅卿辭歸國，上曰：「朕志在安邊，不可不少副其求。」 乃遣萴骨捨利與之俱歸。 契丹以不得萴剌，自是數寇雲州及振武。
On jihai the Khitan envoy Dieluoqing took leave to return home. The emperor said, "My aim is a secure frontier—I must grant at least part of what they ask." He then sent Wan'gusheli back with him. Denied Wanla, the Khitan from then on raided Yunzhou and Zhenwu again and again.
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孟知祥命李仁罕歸遂州，留趙廷隱東川巡檢，以李昊行梓州軍府事。 昊曰：「二虎方爭，僕不敢受命，願從公還。」 乃以都押牙王彥銖為東川監押。 癸卯，知祥至成都，趙廷隱尋亦引兵西還。 知祥謂李昊曰：「吾得東川，為患益深。」 昊請其故，知祥曰：「自吾發梓州，得仁罕七狀，皆云『公宜自領東川，不然諸將不服。』 廷隱言『本不敢當東川，因仁罕不讓，遂有爭心耳。』 君為我曉廷隱，復以閬州為保寧軍，益以果、蓬、渠、開四州，往鎮之。 吾自領東川，以絕仁罕之望。」 廷隱猶不平，請與仁罕鬥，勝者為東川； 昊深解之，乃受命。 六月，以廷隱為保寧留後。 戊午，趙季良帥將吏請知祥兼鎮東川，許之。 季良等又請知祥稱王，權行制書，賞功臣，不許。 董璋之起兵攻知祥也，山南西道節度使王思同以聞，范延光言於上曰：「若兩川並於一賊，撫眾守險，則取之益難，宜及其交爭，早圖之。」 上命思同以興元之兵密規進取。 未幾，聞璋敗死，延光曰：「知祥雖據全蜀，然士卒皆東方人，知祥恐其思歸為變，亦欲倚朝廷之重以威其眾。 陛下不屈意撫之，彼則無從自新。」 上曰：「知祥吾故人，為人離間至此，何屈意之有！」 乃遣供奉官李存瑰賜知祥詔曰：「董璋狐狼，自貽族滅。 卿丘園親戚皆保安全，所宜成家世之美名，守君臣之大節。」 存瑰，克寧之子，知祥之甥也。
Meng Zhixiang sent Li Renhan back to Suizhou, left Zhao Tingyin as Eastern Chuan inspector, and put Li Hao in charge of the Zizhou headquarters. Hao said, "Two tigers are at each other's throats—I dare not take the post. Let me return with you." He then made chief adjutant Wang Yanzhen superintendent of Eastern Chuan. On guimao Zhixiang reached Chengdu; soon Zhao Tingyin marched west as well. Zhixiang told Li Hao, "Taking Eastern Chuan has only deepened my troubles." Hao asked why. Zhixiang said, "Since I left Zizhou I have had seven letters from Renhan, all saying, 'You should take Eastern Chuan yourself—or the generals will not obey. Tingyin says, 'I never wanted Eastern Chuan—but Renhan would not yield, so I grew ambitious.'" Explain this to Tingyin: make Langzhou the Baoning command again, add Guo, Peng, Qu, and Kai, and send him to hold them. I will take Eastern Chuan myself to end Renhan's hopes." Tingyin was still aggrieved and asked to duel Renhan—the winner would take Eastern Chuan; Hao talked him round at length, and he accepted. In the sixth month Zhao Tingyin was made acting governor of Baoning. On wuwu Zhao Jiliang led officers and officials in asking that Zhixiang also hold Eastern Chuan; the request was granted. They also asked him to declare himself king, issue edicts on his own authority, and reward his ministers; he refused. When Dong Zhang attacked Zhixiang, Shannan West governor Wang Sitong reported it. Fan Yanguang told the emperor, "If both Chuan regions unite under one rebel who wins his troops and holds the passes, recovery will be harder still—strike while they fight each other." The emperor ordered Sitong to use Xingyuan troops for a secret advance. Soon word came that Zhang was defeated and dead. Yanguang said, "Zhixiang holds all Shu, but his soldiers are easterners—he fears they will yearn for home and rebel, and he wants the court's weight to awe them. If Your Majesty will not bend to reassure him, he has no path back to loyalty." The emperor said, "Zhixiang is an old friend—others drove this wedge between us. Why should I humble myself!" He sent palace attendant Li Cungui with an edict for Zhixiang: "Dong Zhang was a wolf in sheep's clothing and destroyed his own house. Your kin are all safe. Establish a fine name for your house and keep faith with your sovereign." Cungui was Li Kening's son and Zhixiang's nephew.
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閩王廷鈞謂陳守元曰：「為我問寶皇：既為六十年天子，後當何如？」 明日，守元入曰：「昨夕奏章，得寶皇旨，當為大羅仙主。」 徐彥等亦曰：「北廟崇順王嘗見寶皇，其言與守元同。」 延鈞益自負，始謀稱帝。 表朝廷云：「錢鏐卒，請以臣為吳越王； 馬殷卒，請以臣為尚書令。」 朝廷不報，自是職貢遂絕。
King Yanjun of Min told Chen Shouyuan, "Ask the Precious Emperor for me: after sixty years as Son of Heaven, what comes next?" The next day Shouyuan reported, "I submitted a memorial last night. The Precious Emperor's answer: you shall become Great Lord of the Great Canopy Immortals." Xu Yan and others added, "The Chongshun King of the Northern Temple once saw the Precious Emperor and said the same thing." Yanjun grew more arrogant still and began plotting to declare himself emperor. He memorialized the court: "Qian Liu is dead—make me King of Wuyue; Ma Yin is dead—make me Director of the Department of State Affairs." The court did not answer; from then on his tribute ceased.