1
資治通鑑第290卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 290
2
【後周紀一】起重光大淵獻，盡玄黓困敦八月，凡一年有奇。
[Later Zhou Records 1] From Chongguang Dayuanxian through Xuanyi Kundun, the eighth month—slightly more than one year in all.
3
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 春正月，丁卯，漢太后下誥，授監國符寶，即皇帝位。監國自皋門入宮，即位於崇元殿，制曰：「朕周室之裔，虢叔之後，國號宜曰周。」 改元，大赦。楊邠、史弘肇、王章等皆贈官，官為斂葬，仍訪其子孫敘用之。 凡倉場、庫務掌納官吏，無得收斗餘、稱耗。 舊所羨餘物，悉罷之。 犯竊盜及奸者，並依晉天福元年以前刑名，罪人非反逆，無得誅及親族，籍沒家貲。 唐莊宗、明宗、晉高祖各置守陵十房，漢高祖陵職員、宮人，時月薦享及守陵戶並如故。初，唐衰，多盜，不用律文，更定峻法，竊盜贓三匹者死。 晉天福中，加至五匹。 奸有夫婦人，無問強、和，男女並死。 漢法，竊盜一錢以上皆死。 又罪非反逆，往往族誅、籍沒，故帝即位，首革其弊。
xinhai, the year 951 CE) Guo Wei entered the palace through the Gaomen Gate and took the throne in the Chongyuan Hall, proclaiming: "I am a descendant of the Zhou house, a scion of Uncle Guo; the state name should be Zhou."1 Yang Bin, Shi Hongzhao, Wang Zhang, and others were all granted posthumous offices; the state provided their funerals and still sought out their descendants to employ them according to rank.2 All receiving officials at granaries, depots, and treasury offices were forbidden to collect surplus measures or weighing allowances. All former surplus levies were abolished entirely. Those guilty of theft or adultery were judged by the penal statutes in force before the first year of Later Jin's Tianfu era; for crimes other than treason, kin might not be executed with the offender nor household property confiscated. Earlier, as Tang declined and theft grew rampant, the authorities set aside the code and enacted harsher laws—thieves whose booty reached three bolts of cloth were put to death.3 In Later Jin's Tianfu era the threshold was raised to five bolts. For adultery involving a married woman, whether by force or consent, both man and woman were executed. Under Later Han law, theft of as little as one cash was punishable by death. Moreover, for crimes short of treason, entire clans were often exterminated and property seized; therefore when Guo Wei took the throne, he first reformed these abuses.
4
初，楊邠以功臣、國戚為方鎮者多不閒吏事，乃以三司軍將補都押牙、孔目官、內知客，其人自恃敕補，多專橫，節度使不能制，至是悉罷之。 帝命史弘肇親吏上黨李崇矩訪弘肇親族，崇矩言：「弘肇弟弘福今存。」 初，弘肇使崇矩掌其家貲之籍，由是盡得其產，皆以授弘福。 帝賢之，使隸皇子榮帳下。
Earlier, because Yang Bin saw that many merit-holders and imperial kin serving as military governors were unskilled in administration, he filled the posts of chief adjutant, clerical officer, and inner guest with army officers from the Three Bureaus; relying on their imperial appointment, they were often overbearing and the governors could not control them—now all were dismissed. The emperor ordered Shi Hongzhao's intimate clerk Li Chongju of Shangdang to inquire into Hongzhao's kin; Chongju said: "Hongzhao's younger brother Hongfu is still alive." Earlier Hongzhao had had Chongju keep the register of his household property; thereby the full estate was obtained and all was given to Hongfu. The emperor admired this and had Hongfu serve under the prince Chai Rong.
5
戊辰，以前復州防禦使王彥超權武寧節度使。
On wuchen, the former defender of Fuzhou Wang Yanchao was made acting military governor of Wuning.
6
漢李太后遷居西宮，己巳，上尊號曰昭聖皇太后。
The Later Han empress dowager Li moved to the Western Palace; on jisi she was given the honorific title Zhaosheng Empress Dowager.
7
開封尹兼中書令劉勳卒。
Liu Xun, prefect of Kaifeng and concurrent chief councilor, died.
8
癸酉，加王峻同平章事。
On guiyou, Wang Jun was made concurrent chief councilor.
9
以衛尉卿劉皞主漢隱帝之喪。
The minister of the guards Liu Hao was put in charge of the funeral for Later Han's Emperor Yin.
10
初，河東節度使兼中書令劉崇聞隱帝遇害，欲舉兵南向，聞迎立湘陰公，乃止，曰：「吾兒為帝，吾又何求！」 太原少尹李驤陰說崇曰：「觀郭公之心，終欲自取，公不如疾引兵逾太行，據孟津，俟徐州相公即位，然後還鎮，則郭公不敢動矣。 不然，且為所賣。」 崇怒曰：「腐儒，欲離間吾父子！」 命左右曳出斬之。 驤呼曰：「吾負經濟之才而為愚人謀事，死固甘心！ 家有老妻，願與之同死。」 崇並其妻殺之，且奏於朝廷，示無二心。 及贇廢，崇乃遣使請贇歸晉陽。 詔報以「湘陰公比在宋州，今方取歸京師，必令得所，公勿以為憂。 公能同力相輔，當加王爵，永鎮河東。」 鞏廷美、楊溫聞湘陰公贇失位，奉贇妃董氏據徐州拒守，以俟河東援兵，帝使贇以書諭之。 廷美、溫欲降而懼死，帝復遺贇書曰：「爰念斯人盡心於主，足以賞其忠義，何由責以悔尤，俟新節度使入城，當各除刺史，公可更以委曲示之。」
Earlier, Liu Chong, military governor of Hedong and concurrent chief councilor, hearing that Emperor Yin had been killed, wished to raise troops and march south; hearing that Liu Zan, Duke of Xiangyin, had been welcomed to the throne, he stopped and said: "My son is emperor—what more do I want!" The Taiyuan vice prefect Li Xiang secretly urged Chong: "Judging Guo Wei's intentions, he ultimately means to seize the throne himself; you had better swiftly lead troops over the Taihang, hold Mengjin, wait until Liu Zan takes the throne at Xuzhou, and then return to your commandery—then Guo Wei will not dare move. Otherwise you will yet be betrayed by him." Chong raged: "Rotten pedant—you wish to drive a wedge between father and son!" He ordered attendants to drag him out and behead him. Xiang cried out: "I possessed talent for statecraft yet counseled a fool—death I gladly accept! I have an aged wife at home; I wish to die with her." Chong killed his wife as well and reported to the court to show he had no divided loyalty. When Liu Zan was deposed, Chong then sent envoys asking that Zan be returned to Jinyang. An edict replied: "The Duke of Xiangyin is now at Songzhou; he is being brought back to the capital and will certainly be provided for—do not worry. If you can lend your strength in support, you will be granted a princely title and hold Hedong in perpetuity." Gong Tingmei and Yang Wen, hearing that Liu Zan had lost his position, supported Zan's consort Lady Dong in holding Xuzhou and resisting, awaiting Hedong reinforcements; the emperor had Zan write to instruct them. Tingmei and Wen wished to surrender but feared death; the emperor again sent Zan a letter saying: "Recalling that these men gave their utmost for their lord, that is enough to reward their loyalty—how can we blame them for regret? When the new military governor enters the city, each shall be made a prefect; you may explain this in detail to them."
11
契丹之攻內丘也，死傷頗多，又值月食，軍中多妖異，契丹主懼，不敢深入，引兵還，遣使請和於漢。 會漢亡，安國節度使劉詞送其使者詣大梁，帝遣左千牛衛將軍朱憲報聘，且敘革命之由，以金器、玉帶贈之。
When the Khitan attacked Neiqiu, casualties were heavy; moreover a lunar eclipse occurred and many strange omens appeared in the army—the Khitan ruler was afraid, dared not press deep, withdrew his troops, and sent envoys to seek peace with Later Han. When Later Han fell, the Anguo military governor Liu Ci escorted their envoys to Daliang; Guo Wei sent the Left Imperial Guard general Zhu Xian on a return mission, explaining the cause of the dynastic change, and presented gold vessels and a jade belt.
12
帝以鄴都鎮撫河北，控制契丹，欲以腹心處之。 乙亥，以寧江節度使、侍衛親軍都指揮使王殷為鄴都留守、天雄節度使、同平章事，領軍如故，仍以侍衛司從赴鎮。
Guo Wei considered that Yedu pacified Hebei and checked the Khitan, and wished to place a trusted man there. On yihai, Wang Yin, military governor of Ningjiang and commander of the palace guard, was made Yedu garrison commander, Tianxiong military governor, and concurrent chief councilor, retaining command of the army as before, and the palace guard still accompanied him to his post.
13
丙子，帝帥百官詣西宮，為漢隱帝舉哀成服，皆如天子禮。
On bingzi Guo Wei led the officials to the Western Palace to mourn and don mourning garb for Later Han's Emperor Yin, all according to the rites for an emperor.
14
慕容彥超遣使入貢，帝慮其疑懼，賜詔慰安之，曰：「今兄事已至此，言不欲繁，望弟扶持，同安億兆。」
Murong Yanchao sent envoys with tribute; Guo Wei, fearing his suspicion and alarm, bestowed an edict to reassure him, saying: "Now that matters have come to this between elder and younger brother, I do not wish many words—may you, younger brother, lend your support so that we may together secure the myriad people."
15
戊寅，殺湘陰公於宋州。
On wuyin Liu Zan, Duke of Xiangyin, was killed at Songzhou.
16
是日，劉崇即皇帝位於晉陽，仍用乾祐年號，所有者并、汾、忻、代、嵐、憲、隆、蔚、沁、遼、麟、石十二州之地。 以節度判官鄭珙為中書侍郎，觀察判官滎陽趙華為戶部侍郎，並同平章事。 以次子承鈞為侍衛親軍都指揮使、太原尹，以節度副使李存瑰為代州防禦使，裨將武安張元徽為馬步軍都指揮使，陳光裕為宣徽使。
That same day Liu Chong took the imperial throne at Jinyang, still using the Qianyou era name; he held the twelve prefectures of Bing, Fen, Xin, Dai, Lan, Xian, Long, Yu, Qin, Liao, Lin, and Shi. The military governor's aide Zheng Gui was made vice director of the Secretariat, and the surveillance commissioner Zhao Hua of Xingyang was made vice minister of revenue—both concurrent chief councilors. His second son Liu Chengjun was made commander of the palace guard and prefect of Taiyuan; the vice military governor Li Cungui was made defender of Daizhou; the staff officer Zhang Yuanhui of Wu'an was made commander of horse and foot; Chen Guangyu was made commissioner of the palace secretariat.
17
北漢主謂李存瑰、張元徽曰：「朕以高祖之業，一朝墜地，今日位號，不得已而稱之。 顧我是何天子，汝曹是何節度使邪！」 由是不建宗廟，祭祀如家人，宰相俸錢月止百緡，節度使止三十緡，自餘薄有資給而已，故其國中少廉吏。 客省使河南李光美嘗為直省官，頗諳故事，北漢朝廷制度，皆出於光美。 北漢主聞湘陰公死，哭曰：「吾不用忠臣之言，以至於此！」 為李驤立祠，歲時祭之。
Liu Chong said to Li Cungui and Zhang Yuanhui: "I have seen Gaozu's enterprise fall to earth in a single morning; today's title I assume only because I must. Consider what sort of Son of Heaven I am, and what sort of military governors you are!" Therefore he did not build an ancestral temple; sacrifices were like those of a household; chief councilors' monthly salary was only a hundred strings, military governors only thirty, and the rest had meager allowances—hence there were few honest officials in his state. The guest-reception commissioner Li Guangmei of Henan had once been a direct palace clerk and was well versed in precedent; Northern Han court institutions all issued from Guangmei. Liu Chong, hearing that Liu Zan was dead, wept and said: "I did not heed a loyal minister's counsel, and so came to this!" He erected a shrine for Li Xiang and sacrificed to him at the seasons.
18
己卯，以太師馮道為中書令，加竇貞固侍中，蘇禹珪司空。
On jimao the grand preceptor Feng Dao was made director of the Secretariat; Dou Zhengu was made palace attendant and Su Yugui minister of works.
19
王彥超奏遣使繼敕詣徐州，鞏廷美等猶豫不肯啟關，詔進兵攻之。
Wang Yanchao memorialized sending envoys with successive edicts to Xuzhou; Gong Tingmei and others hesitated and would not open the gates—an edict ordered troops advanced to attack.
20
帝謂王峻曰：「朕起於寒微，備嘗艱苦，遭時喪亂，一旦為帝王，豈敢厚自奉養以病下民乎！」 命峻疏四方貢獻珍美食物，庚辰，下詔悉罷之。 其詔略曰：「所奉止於朕躬，所損被於□庶。」 又曰：「積於有司之中，甚為無用之物。」 又詔曰：「朕生長軍旅，不親學問，未知治天下之道，文武官有益國利民之術，各具封事以聞，咸宜直書，勿事辭藻。」 帝以蘇逢吉之第賜王峻，峻曰：「是逢吉所以族李崧也！」 辭而不處。
Guo Wei said to Wang Jun: "I rose from humble origins and have tasted every hardship; encountering an age of turmoil, I became emperor in a day—how would I dare enrich myself at the expense of the people below!" He ordered Jun to list the rare delicacies and fine foods sent as tribute from the four quarters; on gengchen an edict abolished them all. The edict in part said: "What is offered benefits only my person; what is harmed falls upon the common people." It also said: "Piled up among the offices, they are very much useless things." Another edict said: "I grew up in the army and did not attend to learning; I do not know the way to govern the realm. Civil and military officials who have methods to benefit the state and the people should each submit a sealed memorial, all should write plainly and not deal in ornament." Guo Wei gave Wang Jun Su Fengji's mansion; Jun said: "This is the house by which Fengji exterminated Li Song!" He declined and would not occupy it.
21
初，契丹主北歸，橫海節度使潘聿撚棄鎮隨之，契丹主以聿撚為西南路招討使。 及北漢主立，契丹主使聿撚遺劉承鈞書。 北漢主使承鈞復書，稱：「本朝淪亡，紹襲帝位，欲循晉室故事，求援北朝。」 契丹主大喜。 北漢主發兵屯陰地、黃澤、團柏。 丁亥，以承鈞為招討使，與副招討使白從暉、都監李存瑰將步騎萬人寇晉州。 從暉，吐谷渾人也。
Earlier, when the Khitan ruler returned north, the Henghai military governor Pan Yunian abandoned his commandery and followed him; the Khitan ruler made Yunian southwest-route pacification commissioner. When Liu Chong was established as ruler of Northern Han, the Khitan ruler had Yunian send a letter to Liu Chengjun. Liu Chong had Chengjun reply, stating: "Our dynasty has perished; I have succeeded to the imperial throne and wish to follow the Jin house precedent in seeking aid from the northern court." The Khitan ruler was greatly pleased. Liu Chong sent troops to garrison Yindi, Huangze, and Tuanbai. On dinghai Liu Chengjun was made pacification commissioner; with vice commissioner Bai Conghui and overseer Li Cungui he led ten thousand foot and horse to raid Jinzhou. Conghui was a man of the Tuyuhun.
22
郭崇威更名崇，曹威更名英。
Guo Chongwei changed his name to Chong; Cao Wei changed his name to Ying.
23
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 春二月丁酉，以皇子天雄牙內都指揮使榮為鎮寧節度使，選朝士為之僚佐，以侍御史王敏為節度判官，右補闕崔頌為觀察判官，校書郎王樸為掌書記。 頌，協之子； 樸，東平人也。
xinhai, the year 951 CE) In spring, the second month, on dingyou, Prince Chai Rong, inner commander of the Tianxiong guard, was made military governor of Zhenning; court scholars were chosen as his staff—the investigating censor Wang Min as military aide, the right remonstrator Cui Song as surveillance aide, and the proofreader Wang Pu as chief secretary. Song was the son of Cui Xie; Pu was a man of Dongping.
24
戊戌，北漢兵五道攻晉州，節度使王晏閉城不出。 劉承鈞以為怯，蟻附登城。 晏伏兵奮擊，北漢兵死傷者千餘人。 承鈞遣副兵馬使安元寶焚晉州西城，元寶來降。 承鈞乃移軍攻隰州。 癸卯，隰州刺史許遷遣步軍都指揮使耿繼業迎擊北漢兵於長壽村，執其將程筠等，殺之。 未幾，北漢兵攻州城，數日不克，死傷甚眾，乃引去。 遷，鄆州人也。
On wuxu Northern Han troops attacked Jinzhou in five columns; the military governor Wang Yan shut the city and would not come out. Liu Chengjun thought him cowardly and swarmed up the walls like ants. Yan with ambush troops struck fiercely; Northern Han dead and wounded exceeded a thousand. Chengjun sent the vice horse commander An Yuanbao to burn the western quarter of Jinzhou; Yuanbao came over in surrender. Chengjun then shifted his army to attack Xizhou. On guimao the Xizhou prefect Xu Qian sent the foot commander Geng Jiye to meet and strike Northern Han troops at Changshou village; he captured their generals Cheng Yun and others and killed them. Before long Northern Han troops attacked the prefectural city; for several days they could not take it, casualties were very heavy, and they withdrew. Qian was a man of Yanzhou.
25
甲辰，楚王希萼遣掌書記劉光輔入貢於唐。
On jiachen the Chu king Ma Xi'e sent his chief secretary Liu Guangfu to present tribute to Later Zhou.
26
帝悉出漢宮中寶玉器數十，碎之於庭，曰：「凡為帝王，安用此物！ 聞漢隱帝日與嬖寵於禁中嬉戲，珍玩不離側，茲事不遠，宜以為鑒！」 仍戒左右，自今珍華悅目之物，無得入宮。
Guo Wei brought out several tens of precious jades and vessels from the Han palace and smashed them in the courtyard, saying: "For one who is emperor, what use are such things! I hear that Later Han's Emperor Yin daily sported with favorites in the inner palace, curios never leaving his side—this is not far off; take it as a warning!" He also admonished those about him: from now on no rare and pleasing objects may enter the palace.
27
丁未，契丹主遣其臣裊骨支與朱憲偕來，賀即位。
On dingwei the Khitan ruler sent his minister Liaoguzhi to come together with Zhu Xian to congratulate Guo Wei on taking the throne.
28
戊申，敕前資官各聽自便居外州。 陳思讓未至湖南，馬希萼已克長沙。 思讓留屯郢州，敕召令還。
On wushen an edict allowed former officials to live where they pleased in outer prefectures. Chen Sirang had not yet reached Hunan when Ma Xi'e had already taken Changsha. Sirang remained garrisoned at Yingzhou; an edict summoned him to return.
29
丁巳，遣尚書左丞田敏使契丹。 北漢主遣通事舍人李鞏言使於契丹； 乞兵為援。
On dingsi the Left Vice Director of the Secretariat Tian Min was sent as envoy to the Khitan. Liu Chong sent the communications officer Li Gongyan as envoy to the Khitan; to beg troops as aid.
30
詔加泰寧節度使慕容彥超中書令，遣翰林學士魚崇諒詣兗州諭指。 崇諒，即崇遠也。 彥超上表謝。 三月，壬戌朔，詔報之曰：「向以前朝失德，少主用讒，倉猝之間，召卿赴闕。 卿即奔馳應命，信宿至京，救國難而不顧身，聞君召而不俟駕。 以至天亡漢祚，兵散梁郊，降將敗軍，相繼而至，卿即便回馬首，逕返龜陰。 為主為時，有終有始。 所謂危亂見忠臣之節，疾風知勁草之心。 若使為臣者皆能如茲，則有國者誰不欲用！ 所言朕潛龍河朔之際，平難浚郊之時，緣不奉示喻之言，亦不得差人至行闕。 且事主之道，何必如斯！ 若或二三於漢朝，又安肯忠信於周室！ 以此為懼，不亦過乎！ 卿但悉力推心，安民體國，事朕之事，如事故君，不惟黎庶獲安，抑亦社稷是賴。 但堅表率，未議替移。 由衷之誠，言盡於此。」
An edict added Murong Yanchao, military governor of Taining, as director of the Secretariat and sent the Hanlin academician Yu Chongliang to Yanzhou to explain the imperial intent. Chongliang was formerly Chongyuan. Murong Yanchao submitted a memorial expressing his gratitude. In the third month, on the first day of the month (the day renxu), an imperial reply addressed him: "When the previous regime had forfeited its moral standing and the young emperor was swayed by malicious counsel, you were abruptly summoned to court. You rode at once to obey the summons and reached the capital within two days. You risked your life to rescue the realm in crisis and came at the ruler's word without waiting for a formal escort. When Heaven withdrew the Han mandate and troops melted away around the Liang capital, you watched defeated commanders and broken armies arrive one after another—then you turned your horse about and rode straight back to Guiyin. In your service to your sovereign and to the age, you showed constancy from first to last. Truly, danger and disorder reveal a loyal minister's character, and a raging wind tests which grass stands firm. If every subject served with such loyalty, what ruler would not gladly put him to use! As for your claim that, while I was still in Heshuo before taking the throne and later when I was quelling turmoil near the capital, you received no word from me and so could not dispatch envoys to my camp— surely the duty of a subject need not be carried to such an extreme! A man who wavered between two or three masters under Han would hardly prove steadfast to the Zhou! To treat that as grounds for suspicion would be going too far! Give me your full, open-hearted service: pacify the people, strengthen the realm, and attend to my affairs as faithfully as you once did your former sovereign's. If you do, the common people will find peace and the dynasty itself will rest upon you. Hold fast to your post as a model of loyalty; I have no thought of removing or replacing you. This is the full measure of my heartfelt intent."
31
唐以楚王希萼為天策上將軍、武安、武平、靜江、寧遠節度使兼中書令、楚王，以右僕射孫晟、客省使姚鳳為冊禮使。
The Later Zhou court invested Ma Xie, Prince of Chu, as Heavenly Strategy General-in-Chief and military commissioner of Wu'an, Wuping, Jingjiang, and Ningyuan, with the additional titles of Zhongshu Ling and Prince of Chu. Sun Sheng, the Right Vice Director, and Yao Feng, the Guest Reception Commissioner, were sent as envoys to conduct the investiture.
32
丙寅，遣前淄州刺史陳思讓將兵戍磁州，扼黃澤路。
On the day bingyin, Chen Siren, former prefect of Zi Prefecture, was sent with troops to hold Ci Prefecture and seal off the Huangze road.
33
楚王希萼既得志，多思舊怨，殺戮無度，晝夜縱酒荒淫，悉以軍府事委馬希崇。 希崇復多私曲，政刑紊亂。 府庫既盡於亂兵，籍民財以賞繼士卒，或封其門而取之，士卒猶以不均怨望。 雖朗州舊將佐從希萼來者，亦皆不悅，有離心。
After Ma Xie, Prince of Chu, had secured power, he nursed old grievances and slaughtered without restraint. He spent his days and nights in drunken revelry and handed every matter of command and administration to Ma Xichong. Xichong, for his part, played favorites freely, and law and discipline collapsed into confusion. Mutineers had already drained the treasury, so he registered civilian property to pay the troops who remained—sometimes sealing a household's doors and taking everything by force. Even so, the soldiers grumbled that the rewards were unfair. Even the veteran officers from Langzhou who had followed Xie southward were unhappy and began to turn away from him.
34
劉光輔之入貢於唐也，唐主待之厚，光輔密言：「湖南民疲主驕，可取也。」 唐主乃以營屯都虞候邊鎬為信州刺史，將兵屯袁州，潛圖進取。
When Liu Guangfu arrived at the Later Zhou court to pay tribute, the emperor received him warmly. Guangfu confided, "The people of Hunan are exhausted and their ruler is arrogant. The province can be taken." The Zhou emperor thereupon appointed Bian Hao, chief of staff of the encamped armies, prefect of Xin Prefecture, and ordered him to encamp at Yuan Prefecture with troops while secretly preparing an offensive.
35
小門使謝彥顒，本希萼家奴，以首面有寵於希萼，至與妻妾雜坐，恃恩專橫。 常肩隨希崇，或拊其背，希崇銜之。 故事，府宴，小門使執兵在門外。 希萼使彥顒預坐，或居諸將之上，諸將皆恥之。
The Small Gate Commissioner Xie Yanyan had begun life as a household slave in Ma Xie's service. His handsome face won Xie's favor to such a degree that he was permitted to sit among the prince's wives and concubines, and he abused that privilege to bully others at will. He frequently walked arm in arm with Xichong and would even clap him on the back. Xichong swallowed his anger. By custom, at headquarters banquets the Small Gate Commissioner stood guard with weapons outside the gate. Ma Xie seated Yanyan among the guests, sometimes above his senior commanders—a humiliation every general felt keenly.
36
希萼以府捨焚蕩，命朗州靜江指揮使王逵、副使周行逢帥所部兵千餘人治之，執役甚勞，又無犒賜，士卒皆怨，竊言曰：「囚免死則役作之。 我輩從大王出萬死取湖南，何罪而囚役之！ 且大王終日酣歌，豈知我輩之勞苦乎！」 逵、行逢聞多，相謂曰：「眾怨深矣，不早為計，禍及吾曹。」 壬申旦，帥其眾各執長柯斧、白梃，逃歸朗州。 時希萼醉未醒，左右不敢白。 癸酉，始白之。 希萼遣湖南指揮使唐師翥將千餘人追之，不及，直抵朗州。 逵等乘其疲乏，伏兵縱擊，士卒死傷殆盡，師翥脫歸。 逵等黜留後馬光贊，更以希萼兄子光惠知州事。 光惠，希振之子也。 尋奉光惠為節度使，逵等與何敬真及諸軍指揮使張倣參決軍府事。 希萼具以狀言於唐，唐主遣使以厚賞招諭之。 逵等納其賞，縱其使，不答其詔，唐亦不敢詰也。
When the headquarters buildings were burned and wrecked, Ma Xie ordered Wang Kui, commander of the Jingjiang force at Langzhou, and Vice Commissioner Zhou Xingfeng to bring more than a thousand of their men to rebuild them. The work was brutal and unrewarded, and the men muttered among themselves: "Only condemned men who escape execution are put to hard labor. We followed the Great King through mortal peril to conquer Hunan—what offense have we committed that we should be treated like convicts! The Great King spends his days in drunken song—does he know anything of our suffering?" Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng heard enough of this to alarm them. "The troops' anger has gone too far," they said to each other. "If we do not move quickly, we shall be ruined with them." At dawn on the day renshen they marched their men out of camp, each man carrying a long-handled axe or a white club, and fled back toward Langzhou. Ma Xie was still drunk and asleep, and none of his attendants dared tell him what had happened. Not until the following day, guiyou, did anyone finally report it to him. Ma Xie sent Tang Shizhu, commander of the Hunan force, after them with more than a thousand men. Shizhu failed to catch them and pressed on directly to Langzhou. Wang Kui and his companions, catching the pursuers spent and weary, lay in ambush and attacked. Tang Shizhu's force was nearly annihilated; he alone escaped back. Kui and his allies removed the acting governor Ma Guangzan and installed Ma Xie's nephew Ma Guanghui to govern the prefecture. Guanghui was the son of Ma Xizhen. Before long they invested Guanghui as military commissioner. Wang Kui, Zhou Xingfeng, He Jingzhen, and the army commanders, among them Zhang Fang, shared authority over military and administrative affairs. Ma Xie sent a full account of the revolt to the Later Zhou court, and the emperor dispatched envoys bearing rich gifts to win the rebels back with persuasion. The rebels took the gifts, sent the envoys on their way, and ignored the imperial message. The Zhou court, for its part, did not dare press the issue.
37
王彥超奏克徐州，殺鞏廷美等。
Wang Yanchao reported that he had taken Xu Prefecture and executed Gong Tingmei and his associates.
38
北漢李鞏言至契丹，契丹主使拽剌梅裡報之。
Li Gongyan's mission from Northern Han reached the Khitan court, and the Khitan emperor sent Zhaila Meili to relay the reply.
39
丙子，敕：「朝廷與唐本無仇怨，緣淮軍鎮，各守疆域，無得縱兵民擅入唐境。 商旅往來，無得禁止。」
On the day bingzi an edict declared: "Our court bears no old grudge against Southern Tang. Garrisons along the Huai shall remain within their borders and must not let soldiers or civilians cross into Tang territory at will. Merchants and travelers passing back and forth must not be obstructed."
40
己卯，潞州送涉縣所獲北漢將卒二百六十餘人，各賜衫褲巾履遣還。
On the day jimao, Lu Prefecture forwarded more than two hundred sixty Northern Han officers and men captured in She County. Each was given clothing and footwear and sent home.
41
加吳越王弘俶諸道兵馬都元帥。
Qian Hongchu, King of Wuyue, was elevated to All-Circuit Marshal.
42
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 夏四月壬辰朔，濱淮州鎮上言：「淮南饑民過淮糴谷，未敢禁止。」 詔曰：「彼之生民，與此何異，宜令州縣津舖無得禁止。」
xinhai, the year 951 CE.) In the fourth month of summer, on the first day of the month (the day renchen), authorities along the Huai River reported: "Famine refugees from Huainan are crossing the river to buy grain, and we have not dared to stop them." The court replied: "Those people are no different from our own. Let every prefecture, county, ferry, and post allow them to pass without hindrance."
43
蜀通奏使高延昭固辭知樞密院，丁未，以前雲安榷鹽使太原伊審征為通奏使，知樞密院事。 審征，蜀高祖妹褒國公主之子也，少與蜀主相親狎，及知樞密，政之大小悉以咨之。 審征亦以經濟為己任，而貪侈回邪，與王昭遠相表裡，蜀政由是浸衰。
Gao Yanzhao, the Shu court's communications commissioner, firmly refused to head the Palace Secretariat. On the day dingwei, Yin Shenzheng of Taiyuan, former commissioner of the Yun'an salt monopoly, was made communications commissioner and put in charge of the Palace Secretariat. Shenzheng was the son of the Princess of Baoguo, a sister of the Shu founding emperor. He had been close to the present Shu ruler since youth, and once he took charge of the Palace Secretariat every matter, large or small, passed through his hands. Shenzheng styled himself a man of statecraft, yet he was greedy, lavish, and corrupt. Working hand in glove with Wang Zhaoyuan, he helped send Shu governance into steady decline.
44
吳越王弘俶徙廢王弘倧居東府，為築宮室，治園圃，娛悅之，歲時供饋甚厚。
Qian Hongchu, King of Wuyue, resettled the deposed Qian Hongzong in the Eastern Prefecture. He built him a residence, laid out gardens for his pleasure, and sent lavish seasonal gifts.
45
契丹主遣使如北漢，告以周使田敏來，約歲輸錢十萬緡。 北漢主使鄭珙以厚賂謝契丹，自稱「侄皇帝致書於叔天授皇帝」，請行冊禮。
The Khitan emperor sent envoys to Northern Han with word that the Later Zhou envoy Tian Min had arrived and that yearly tribute of one hundred thousand strings of cash had been agreed upon. Liu Chong dispatched Zheng Gui with lavish presents to thank the Khitan court, addressing himself as "Nephew Emperor, writing to Uncle Heaven-Received Emperor," and asking that the formal investiture be performed.
46
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 夏五月己巳，遣左金吾將軍姚漢英等使於契丹，契丹留之。 辛未，北漢禮部侍郎、同平章事鄭珙卒於契丹。
xinhai, the year 951 CE.) In the fifth month of summer, on the day jisi, Yao Hanying of the Left Jinwu Guard and others were sent as envoys to the Khitan court—and the Khitan detained them. On the day xinwei, Zheng Gui, vice director of the Northern Han Ministry of Rites and fellow grand councilor, died while still in Khitan lands.
47
甲戌，義武節度使孫方簡避皇考諱，更名方諫。
On the day jiaxu, Sun Fangjian, military commissioner of Yiwu, changed his name to Fangjian to avoid the taboo on Guo Wei's father's name.
48
定難節度使李彝殷遣使奉表於北漢。
Li Yiyin, military commissioner of Dingnan, sent an envoy with a formal memorial to the Northern Han court.
49
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 夏六月辛亥，以樞密使、同平章事王峻為左僕射兼門下侍郎，樞密副使、兵部侍郎范質、戶部侍郎、判三司李穀為中書侍郎，並同平章事，谷仍判三司。 司徒兼侍中竇貞固、司空兼中書侍郎、同平章事蘇禹珪並罷守本官。 癸丑，范質參知樞密院事。 丁巳，以宣徽北院使翟光鄴兼樞密副使。
xinhai, the year 951 CE.) In the sixth month of summer, on the day xinhai, Wang Jun, commissioner of the Palace Secretariat and fellow grand councilor, was made Left Vice Director and concurrently Gate Down Vice Director. Fan Zhi, deputy commissioner of the Palace Secretariat and vice director of the Ministry of War, and Li Gu, vice director of the Ministry of Revenue and overseer of the Three Departments, were appointed Zhongshu Vice Directors and fellow grand councilors; Li Gu retained charge of the Three Departments. Dou Zhengu, grand mentor and palace attendant, and Su Yugui, grand preceptor, Zhongshu vice director, and fellow grand councilor, were both removed from their chief posts and retained only their base ranks. On the day guichou, Fan Zhi was given a role in the management of Palace Secretariat affairs. On the day dingsi, Zhai Guangye, commissioner of the Xuanhui North Court, was also made deputy commissioner of the Palace Secretariat.
50
初，帝討河中，已為人望所屬。 李穀時為轉運使，帝數以微言諷之，穀但以人臣盡節為對，帝以是賢之。 即位，首用為相。 時國家新造，四方多故，王峻夙夜盡心，知無不為，軍旅之謀，多所裨益。 范質明敏強記，謹守法度。 李穀沉毅有器略，在帝前議論，辭氣慷慨，善譬諭以開主意。
Even before he took the throne, when Guo Wei marched against Hezhong, the people already looked to him as their hope. Li Gu was then transport commissioner. Guo Wei more than once tested him with oblique remarks, but Gu replied only with the language of unwavering service. The emperor came to admire him for it. When Guo Wei ascended the throne, Li Gu was among the first men elevated to the chief council. The dynasty was newly established and threats pressed from every quarter. Wang Jun worked day and night without reserve, turning his hand to whatever needed doing, and the army's strategy owed much to his counsel. Fan Zhi was quick-witted and possessed a formidable memory; he upheld the law with scrupulous care. Li Gu was grave, resolute, and far-sighted. In council before Guo Wei he spoke with passionate clarity and had a gift for framing arguments that opened the ruler's mind.
51
武平節度使馬光惠，愚懦嗜酒，不能服諸將，王逵、周行逢、何敬真謀以辰州刺史廬陵劉言驍勇得蠻夷心，欲迎以為副使。 言知逵等難制，曰：「不往，將攻我。」 乃單騎赴之。 既至，眾廢光惠，送於唐，推言權武平留後，表求旄節於唐，唐人未許。 亦稱籓於周。
Ma Guanghui, military commissioner of Wuping, was dull, timid, and addicted to wine, and he could not keep the generals in line. Wang Kui, Zhou Xingfeng, and He Jingzhen decided that Liu Yan of Luling, prefect of Chen Prefecture—a fierce fighter trusted by the tribal peoples—should be brought in as vice commissioner. Liu Yan knew the others would be difficult to manage. "If I refuse to go," he said, "they will turn on me." He rode out alone to meet them. He rode out alone to meet them. Once he arrived, the mutineers deposed Guanghui, sent him to the Later Zhou court, and installed Liu Yan as acting governor of Wuping. They petitioned Zhou for formal commission, but the court withheld its approval. They nevertheless acknowledged Zhou suzerainty.
52
吳越王弘俶以前內外馬步都統軍使仁俊無罪，復其官爵。
Qian Hongchu, King of Wuyue, restored the titles and office of Ren Jun, former commander of the inner and outer horse and infantry forces, declaring that he had been wronged.
53
契丹遣燕王述軋等冊命北漢王為大漢神武皇帝，妃為皇后。 北漢主更名旻。
The Khitan sent the Prince of Yan, Shuzha, and a party of envoys to invest Liu Chong as Emperor Divine and Martial of Great Han and to elevate his consort as empress. Liu Chong took the personal name Min.
54
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 秋七月，北漢主遣翰林學士博興衛融等詣契丹謝冊禮，且請兵。
xinhai, the year 951 CE.) In the seventh month of autumn, Liu Chong sent Wei Rong of Boxing, a Hanlin academician, and others to the Khitan court to give thanks for the investiture and to ask for military aid.
55
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 秋八月，壬戌，葬漢隱帝於穎陵。
xinhai, the year 951 CE.) In the eighth month of autumn, on the day renxu, the late Han emperor Yin was interred at Ying Mausoleum.
56
義武節度使孫方諫入朝，壬子，徙鎮國節度使，以其弟易州刺史行友為義武留後。 又徙建雄節度使於晏鎮徐州，以武寧節度使王彥超代之。
Sun Fangjian, military commissioner of Yiwu, came to court. On the day renzi he was reassigned to Zhenguo, and his younger brother Xingyou, prefect of Yi Prefecture, was left behind as acting governor of Yiwu. The post of Jianxiong military commissioner was likewise rotated: Yan was moved to Xu Prefecture, and Wang Yanchao, military commissioner of Wuning, took his place.
57
戊午，追立故夫人柴氏為皇后。
On the day wuwu, the late Lady Chai was posthumously enthroned as empress.
58
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 秋九月，北漢主遣招討使李存瑰將兵自團柏入寇。 契丹欲引兵會之，與酋長議於九十九泉。 諸部皆不欲南寇，契丹主強之。 癸亥，行至新州之西火神澱，燕王述軋及偉王之子太寧王漚僧作亂，弒契丹主而立述軋。 契丹主德光之子齊王述律逃入南山，諸部奉述律以攻述軋、漚僧，殺之，並其族黨。 立述律為帝，改元應歷。 自火神澱入幽州，遣使告於北漢，北漢主遣樞密直學士上黨王得中如契丹，賀即位，復以叔父事之，請兵以擊晉州。
xinhai, the year 951 CE.) In the ninth month of autumn, Liu Chong sent Pacification Commissioner Li Cunkui with an army to raid southward from Tuanbai. The Khitan emperor intended to march south in support and convened the tribal chiefs for counsel at Ninety-Nine Springs. Every tribe resisted a southern campaign, but the Khitan emperor overruled them and pressed on. On the day guihai, as the army reached Fire God Shoals west of Xin Prefecture, the Prince of Yan, Shuzha, and Huseng, Prince of Taiping and son of the Great King, rose in revolt, killed the Khitan emperor, and proclaimed Shuzha ruler in his place. Deguang's son, Prince of Qi Shulü, took refuge in the Southern Mountains. The tribal divisions rallied behind him, struck down Shuzha and Huseng, and wiped out their kin and followers. Shulü was enthroned as emperor, and the reign era was renamed Yingli. After marching from Fire God Shoals into You Prefecture, the new Khitan emperor sent word to Northern Han. Liu Chong dispatched Privy Direct Academician Wang Dezong of Shangdang to congratulate him on taking the throne, renewed the custom of addressing him as uncle, and asked for Khitan troops to strike Jin Prefecture.
59
契丹主年少，好遊戲，不親國事，每夜酣飲，達旦乃寐，日中方起，國人謂之睡王。 後更名明。
The young Khitan emperor cared only for sport and left government unattended. He caroused every night until dawn, slept through the morning, and did not rise until noon, so his subjects nicknamed him the Sleeping King. He later changed his name to Ming.
60
壬申，蜀以吏部尚書、御史中丞范仁恕為中書侍郎兼吏部尚書、同平章事。
On renshen, Later Shu named Fan Renshu—Minister of Civil Appointments and Censor-in-Chief—Vice Director of the Secretariat, concurrent Minister of Civil Appointments, and Chief Councillor.
61
楚王希萼既克長沙，不賞許可瓊，疑可瓊怨望，出為蒙州刺史。 遣馬步都指揮使徐威、左右軍馬步使陳敬遷、水軍都指揮使魯公館、牙內侍衛指揮使陸孟俊帥部兵立寨於城西北隅，以備朗兵。 不存撫役者，將卒皆怨怒，謀作亂。 希崇知其謀，戊寅，希萼宴將吏，徐威等不預，希崇亦辭疾不至。 威等使人先驅踶嚙馬十餘入府，自帥其徒執斧斤、白梃，聲言縶馬，奄至座上，縱橫擊人，顛踣滿地。 希萼逾垣走，威等執囚之。 執謝彥顒，自頂及踵剉之。 立希崇為武安留後，縱兵大掠。 幽希萼於衡山縣。
After Ma Xie'e seized Changsha, he gave Xu Keqiong no reward for his service. Fearing resentment, he banished Keqiong to the post of prefect of Meng. He posted Infantry and Cavalry Commander Xu Wei, Left-Right Army Commander Chen Jingqian, Naval Commander Lu Gongguan, and Palace Guard Commander Lu Mengjun with their detachments in camps outside the northwest wall to hold Langzhou at bay. Because he showed no concern for the men laboring on his works, officers and rank-and-file alike seethed with anger and began plotting mutiny. Ma Xiechong got wind of the conspiracy. On wuyin, Ma Xie'e hosted a feast for his commanders, but Xu Wei and his confederates were left off the guest list, and Xiechong pleaded illness and stayed away. Wei first sent a dozen unruly horses stampeding into the hall, then rushed in at the head of his men with axes and white staves, shouting that they were corralling the beasts. They fell upon the banquet in a frenzy, beating guests until the floor was strewn with bodies. Ma Xie'e scrambled over the wall and escaped, but Wei and his men captured him and threw him in chains. They seized Xie Yanyong and shaved him bald from head to foot. They installed Ma Xiechong as acting military governor of Wu'an and turned the soldiers loose on a general sack of the city. Ma Xie'e was imprisoned in Hengshan County.
62
劉言聞希崇立，遣兵趣潭州，聲言討其篡奪之罪。 壬午，軍於益陽之西。 希崇懼，癸未，發兵二千拒之，又遣使如朗州求和，請為鄰籓。 掌書記桂林李觀象說言曰：「希萼舊將佐猶在長沙，此必不欲與公為鄰； 不若先檄希崇取其首，然後圖湖南，可兼有也。」 言從之。 希崇畏言，即斷都軍判官楊仲敏、掌書記劉光輔、牙內指揮使魏師進、都押牙黃勍等十餘人首，遣前辰陽縣令李翊繼送朗州。 至則腐敗，言與王逵等皆以為非仲敏等首，怒責翊，翊惶恐自殺。
When Liu Yan learned that Ma Xiechong had seized power, he marched on Tan Prefecture under the banner of punishing usurpation. On renwu his army halted west of Yiyang. Terrified, Ma Xiechong on guiwei sent two thousand men to block Liu Yan's advance and dispatched envoys to Langzhou offering peace and asking to remain a neighboring vassal state. Li Guanxiang of Guilin, Liu Yan's secretariat aide, urged him: "Ma Xie'e's old commanders and staff are still in Changsha. They will never accept you as a neighbor— Better to order Xiechong to deliver their heads first, then move on Hunan. That way you can take the whole province." Liu Yan took his counsel. Cowed by Liu Yan, Xiechong at once executed more than ten men—among them Army adjutant Yang Zhongmin, secretariat aide Liu Guangfu, inner guard commander Wei Shijin, and chief adjutant Huang Qin—and sent former Chenyang magistrate Li Yi to Langzhou with their heads. By the time the heads reached Langzhou they had rotted beyond recognition. Liu Yan, Wang Kui, and the rest were convinced they were not Yang Zhongmin's party at all. They raged at Li Yi, who in panic took his own life.
63
希崇既襲位，亦縱酒荒淫，為政不公，語多矯妄，國人不附。 初，馬希萼入長沙，彭師暠雖免死，猶杖背黜為民。 希崇以為師暠必怨之，使送希萼於衡山，實欲師暠殺之。 師暠曰：「欲使我為弒君之人乎！」 奉事逾謹。 丙戌，至衡山。 衡山指揮使廖偃，匡圖之子也，與其季父節度巡官匡凝謀曰：「吾家世受馬氏恩，今希萼長而被黜，必不免禍，盍相與輔之！」 於是帥莊戶及鄉人悉為兵，與帥暠共立希萼為衡山王，以縣為行府，斷江為柵，編竹為戰艦，以師暠為武清節度使，召募徒眾，數日，至萬餘人，州縣多應之。 遣判官劉虛己求援於唐。
Once enthroned, Ma Xiechong sank into drunken excess, ruled unjustly, and filled his mouth with grandiose boasts. The people of Chu would not follow him. When Ma Xie'e first took Changsha, Peng Shigao had been spared execution but was flogged and stripped of rank, reduced to a commoner. Xiechong assumed Shigao bore a grudge and had Xie'e sent to Hengshan, hoping Shigao would murder him. Shigao replied: "Do you mean to make me a king-slayer?" Instead he waited on Xie'e with redoubled care. On bingxu they arrived at Hengshan. Liao Yan, Hengshan's commander and son of Kuang Tu, and his uncle Kuang Ning, a circuit patrol officer, agreed: "Our house has owed the Ma clan a debt of gratitude for generations. Xie'e is the elder brother yet was cast out—disaster will surely find him. Let us rally to his side!" They mobilized every estate tenant and villager they could muster, and with Shigao proclaimed Xie'e King of Hengshan. The county became their field headquarters: they blocked the river with a palisade, lashed bamboo into warships, and made Shigao military commissioner of Wuqing. Within days their ranks swelled past ten thousand, and prefectures and counties across the region began to answer their call. Adjutant Liu Xuji was sent to Southern Tang to plead for reinforcements.
64
徐威等見希崇所為，知必無成，又畏朗州、衡山之逼，恐一朝喪敗，俱及禍，欲殺希崇以自解。 希崇微覺之，大懼，密遣客將范守牧奉表請兵於唐，唐主命邊鎬自袁州將兵萬人西趣長沙。
Watching Xiechong's misrule, Xu Wei and his faction saw that he was doomed. With Langzhou and Hengshan pressing in, they feared a sudden collapse that would drag them all down, and resolved to kill Xiechong to save themselves. Xiechong had a dim sense of the plot and was terrified. He secretly sent guest officer Fan Shoumu to Southern Tang with a plea for troops. The Southern Tang emperor ordered Bian Hao to march ten thousand men west from Yuanzhou toward Changsha.
65
（辛亥，公元九五一年） 冬十月辛卯，潞州巡檢陳思讓敗北漢兵於虒亭。
xinhai, the year 951 CE) In the tenth month of winter, on xinmao, Chen Sirang, inspector of Luzhou, routed a Northern Han force at Si Pavilion.
66
唐邊鎬引兵入醴陵。 癸巳，楚王希崇遣使犒軍。 壬寅，遣天策府學士拓跋恆奉箋詣鎬請降。 恆歎曰：「吾久不死，乃為小兒送降狀！」 癸卯，希崇帥弟侄迎鎬，望塵而拜，鎬下馬稱詔勞之。 甲辰，希崇等從鎬入城，鎬捨於瀏陽門樓，湖南將吏畢賀，鎬皆厚賜之。 時湖南饑饉，鎬大發馬氏倉粟賑之，楚人大悅。
Bian Hao of Southern Tang advanced into Liling. On guisi, King Ma Xiechong sent envoys to bring supplies and cheer Bian Hao's army. On renyin he sent Tian Ce Fu academician Tuoba Heng with a written submission offering surrender to Bian Hao. Tuoba Heng sighed: "I clung to life all these years only to deliver a surrender note for this whelp!" On guimao, Xiechong went out with younger brothers and nephews to meet Bian Hao, prostrating themselves in the dust of his column. Bian Hao dismounted and, in the emperor's name, offered words of reassurance. On jiachen, Xiechong and his party entered the city with Bian Hao, who took up quarters in the Liuyang Gate tower. Every Hunan officer and official came to pay homage, and Bian Hao lavished gifts on them all. Hunan was in the grip of famine. Bian Hao threw open the Ma family's storehouses and distributed grain on a vast scale, and the people of Chu rejoiced.
67
契丹遣彰國節度使蕭禹厥將奚、契丹五萬會北漢兵入寇。 北漢主自將兵二萬自陰地關寇晉州，丁未，軍於城北，三面置寨，晝夜攻之，遊兵至絳州。 時王晏已離鎮，王彥超未至，巡檢使王萬敢權知晉州，與龍捷都指揮使史彥超、虎捷指揮使何徽共拒之。 史彥超，雲州人也。
The Khitan sent Zhangguo military commissioner Xiao Yujue at the head of fifty thousand Xi and Khitan warriors to link up with Northern Han for a joint invasion. Liu Chong himself led twenty thousand men through Yindi Pass against Jinzhou. On dingwei his army encircled the north side of the city, threw up camps on three faces, and hammered the walls day and night while raiders pushed as far as Jiangzhou. Wang Yan had already departed his command and Wang Yanchao had not yet arrived, so inspector Wang Wan'gan held Jinzhou in an acting capacity. He stood with Dragon Swift commander Shi Yanchao and Tiger Swift commander He Hui to meet the assault. Shi Yanchao came from Yunzhou.
68
癸丑，唐武昌節度使劉仁贍帥戰艦二百取岳州，撫納降附，人忘其亡。 仁贍，金之子也。
On guichou, Liu Renshan, Southern Tang's military commissioner of Wuchang, seized Yuezhou with two hundred warships. He treated the surrendered population so gently that people scarcely remembered their kingdom was lost. Renshan was a son of Liu Jin.
69
唐百官共賀湖南平，起居郎高遠曰：「我乘楚亂，取之甚易。 觀諸將之才，但恐守之難耳！」 遠，幽州人也。 司徒致仕李建勳曰：「禍其始此乎！」 唐主自即位以來，未嘗親祠郊廟，禮官以為請。 唐主曰：「俟天下一家，然後告謝。」 及一舉取楚，謂諸國指麾可定。 魏岑侍宴言：「臣少游元城，樂其風土，俟陛下定中原，乞魏博節度使。」 唐主許之，岑趨下拜謝。 其主驕臣佞如此。
The Southern Tang court celebrated the conquest of Hunan. Court Diarist Gao Yuan remarked: "We moved while Chu was tearing itself apart—taking the province was the easy part. Judging by the caliber of our commanders, I suspect keeping it will prove the hard part!" Gao Yuan was from Youzhou. Retired Grand Preceptor Li Jianxun murmured: "Is this where the trouble starts?" From the day he took the throne, the Southern Tang emperor had never personally offered at the suburban altars or ancestral temples, and the masters of ceremony had repeatedly pressed him to do so. The emperor replied: "I shall wait until the realm is united under one house, and only then report my thanks to Heaven and the ancestors." Now that Chu had fallen in a single campaign, he assumed the remaining kingdoms could be brought to heel at a gesture. At court Wei Cen, attending a banquet, said: "I once traveled to Yuancheng as a young man and loved the country there. When Your Majesty pacifies the Central Plains, I ask only to be made military commissioner of Weibo." The emperor assented, and Cen scurried from his seat to kowtow in gratitude. Such was the arrogance of the sovereign and the sycophancy of his courtier.
70
馬希萼望唐人立己為潭帥，而潭人惡希萼，共請邊鎬為帥，唐主乃以鎬為武安節度使。
Ma Xie'e had expected the Southern Tang to name him prefect of Tan, but the people of Tan despised him and petitioned collectively for Bian Hao. The Southern Tang emperor therefore appointed Bian Hao military commissioner of Wu'an.
71
王峻有故人曰申師厚，嘗為兗州牙將，失職饑寒，望峻馬拜謁於道。 會涼州留後折逋嘉施上表請帥於朝廷，帝以絕域非人所欲，募率府供奉官願行者，月餘，無人應募，峻薦師厚於帝。 丁巳，以師厚為河西節度使。 唐邊鎬趣馬希崇帥其族入朝，馬氏聚族相泣，欲重賂鎬，奏乞留居長沙。 鎬微曬曰：「國家與公家世為仇敵，殆六十年，然未嘗敢有意窺公之國。 今公兄弟斗鬩，困窮自歸，若復二三，恐有不測之憂。」 希崇無以應，十一月，辛酉，與宗族及將佐千餘人號慟登舟，送者皆哭，響振川谷。
Wang Jun's old friend Shen Shihou had once served as a guard officer at Yanzhou. Out of office, hungry and ragged, he spotted Wang Jun on the road and bowed deeply from beside the horse. Just then the acting governor of Liangzhou, Zhebo Jiashi, petitioned the throne for a new commander. The emperor knew the far frontier was no man's wish, and called for Palace Attendants willing to take the post. For more than a month no one stepped forward, and Wang Jun put Shihou's name before the emperor. On dingsi, Shen Shihou was named military commissioner of Hexi. Bian Hao pressed Ma Xiechong to bring the whole clan to the Southern Tang capital. The Ma family gathered in tears, hoping to buy him off with a heavy bribe and begging permission to stay in Changsha. Bian Hao gave a thin smile. "Our two houses have been enemies for nearly sixty years, yet we never once dared set our sights on your kingdom. Your brothers turned on each other, and you came to us in desperation. If such chaos repeats itself once or twice more, I cannot answer for what may follow." Xiechong had no reply. In the eleventh month, on xinyou, he boarded ship with more than a thousand kinsmen and officers, wailing as they departed. Those left on the shore wept until the sound rolled through the hills and watercourses.
72
帝以北漢、契丹之兵猶在晉州，甲子，以王峻為行營都部署，將兵救之。 詔諸軍皆受峻節度，聽以便宜從事，得自選擇將吏。 乙丑，峻行，帝自至城西餞之。
With Northern Han and Khitan forces still pressing Jinzhou, the Later Zhou emperor on jiazi named Wang Jun overall commander of the relief expedition and sent him west with an army. An imperial edict placed every unit under Wang Jun's authority, authorized him to act at discretion, and allowed him to appoint his own officers. On yichou, Wang Jun marched out, and the emperor himself rode west of the capital to see him off with a farewell feast.
73
楚靜江節度副使、知桂州馬希隱，武穆王殷之少子也。 楚王希廣、希萼兄弟爭國，南漢主以內侍使吳懷恩為西北招討使，將兵屯境上，伺間密謀進取。 希廣遣指揮使彭彥暉將兵屯龍峒以備之。 希萼自衡山遣使以彥暉為桂州都監、在城外內巡檢使、判軍府事，希隱惡之，潛遣人告蒙州刺史許可瓊。 可瓊方畏南漢之逼，即棄蒙州，引兵趣桂州，與彥暉戰於城中。 彥暉敗，奔衡山，可瓊留屯桂州。 吳懷恩據蒙州，進兵侵掠，桂管大擾，希隱、可瓊不知所為，但相與飲酒對泣。
Ma Xiyin, deputy military commissioner of Jingjiang and acting prefect of Guilin, was the youngest son of Prince Wumu Ma Yin. While Ma Xiguang and Ma Xie'e fought over Chu, the Southern Han emperor made inner palace envoy Wu Huai'en Northwest Pacification Commissioner, massing troops on the frontier and waiting for a chance to strike. Ma Xiguang posted commander Peng Yanhui at Longdong to block them. From Hengshan, Ma Xie'e sent orders naming Yanhui Guilin's director, commissioner for patrol inside and outside the walls, and judge of the military prefecture. Xiyin bristled at the appointment and secretly alerted Xu Keqiong, prefect of Meng. Keqiong, already fearing Southern Han, at once abandoned Mengzhou, marched on Guilin, and clashed with Yanhui inside the city walls. Yanhui was beaten and fled to Hengshan. Keqiong stayed to hold Guilin. Wu Huai'en took Mengzhou and pushed forward in a wave of raids that threw Guilin circuit into turmoil. Xiyin and Keqiong were at their wits' end and could do nothing but sit together over wine, weeping face to face.
74
南漢主遺希隱書，言：「武穆王奄有全楚，富強安靖五十餘年。 正由三十五舅、三十舅兄弟尋戈，自相魚肉，舉先人基業，北面仇讎。 今聞唐兵已據長沙，竊計桂林繼為所取。 當朝世為與國，重以婚姻，睹茲傾危，忍不赴救！ 已發大軍水陸俱進，當令相公舅永擁節旄，常居方面。」 希隱得書，與僚佐議降之，支使潘玄珪以為不可。 丙寅，吳懷恩引兵奄至城下，希隱、可瓊帥其眾，夜斬關奔全州，桂州遂潰。 懷恩因以兵略定宜、連、梧、嚴、富、昭、柳、象、龔等州，南漢始盡有嶺南之地。
The Southern Han emperor wrote to Xiyin: "Prince Wumu once held all of Chu in prosperity and peace for more than fifty years. Then the Thirty-Fifth and Thirty-Sixth Uncles turned on each other with blades, tore the realm apart, and handed your forefathers' legacy to a northern foe. Now I learn that Southern Tang holds Changsha, and I expect Guilin will fall next. Our courts have been allies for generations, tied moreover by marriage. Seeing you in peril, how could we stand by? I have already sent a great host by land and river. You shall keep your command and hold your post in perpetuity." When the letter reached Xiyin, he discussed surrender with his staff. Administrative aide Pan Xuangui argued against it. On bingyin, Wu Huai'en appeared suddenly beneath the walls. Xiyin and Keqiong led their men out by night, broke through the gate, and fled to Quanzhou. Guilin fell at once. Huai'en went on to overrun Yi, Lian, Wu, Yan, Fu, Zhao, Liu, Xiang, Gong, and the rest. For the first time Southern Han held all of Lingnan.
75
辛未，唐邊鎬遣先鋒指揮使李承戩將兵如衡山，趣馬希萼入朝。 庚辰，希萼與將佐士卒萬餘人自潭州東下。
On xinwei, Bian Hao sent vanguard commander Li Chengkan to Hengshan to escort Ma Xie'e to the Southern Tang court. On gengchen, Xie'e set out east from Tanzhou with more than ten thousand officers and men.
76
王峻留陝州旬日，帝以北漢攻晉州急，憂其不守，議自將由澤州路與峻會兵救之，且遣使諭峻。 十二月，戊子朔，下詔以三日西征。 使者至陝，峻因使者言於帝曰：「晉州城堅，未易可拔，劉崇兵鋒方銳，不可力爭。 所以駐兵，待其氣衰耳，非臣怯也。 陛下新即位，不宜輕動。 若年駕出汜水，則慕容彥超引兵入汴，大事去矣！」 帝聞之，自以手提耳曰：「幾敗吾事！」 庚寅，敕罷親征。
Wang Jun halted at Shanzhou for ten days. The emperor, alarmed that Jinzhou might fall under the fierce Northern Han assault, debated leading an army himself by way of Zezhou to join Wang Jun and sent messengers ahead to tell him so. On the first day of the twelfth month, wuzi, an edict announced that the emperor would march west in three days. When the messenger reached Shanzhou, Wang Jun sent back word: "Jinzhou's walls are stout and will not yield quickly. Liu Chong's men are at the peak of their fighting spirit—we should not meet them head-on. I am holding my position only until their ardor fades. This is not cowardice on my part. Your Majesty has only just taken the throne. You ought not stir yourself rashly. If you cross Sishui in person, Murong Yanchao will march on Bianliang and everything we have built will be undone!" When the message reached him, the emperor clutched his own ear and exclaimed: "I almost wrecked everything!" On gengyin an edict canceled the emperor's planned personal expedition.
77
初，泰寧節度使兼中書令慕容彥超聞徐州平，疑懼愈甚，乃招納亡命，畜聚薪糧，潛以書結北漢，吏獲其書以聞。 又遣人詐為商人求援於唐。 帝遣通事舍人鄭好謙就申慰諭，與之為誓。 彥超益不自安，屢遣都押牙鄭麟詣闕，偽輸誠款，實覘機事。 又獻天平節度使高行周書，其言皆謗毀朝廷與彥超相結之意。 帝笑曰：「此彥超之詐也！」 以書示行周，行周上表謝恩。 既而彥超反跡益露，丙申，遣閣門使張凝將兵赴鄆州巡檢以備之。
Earlier, Murong Yanchao, military commissioner of Taining and concurrent Palace Director, had grown ever more fearful after hearing that Xuzhou was pacified. He gathered desperadoes, stockpiled fuel and grain, and secretly opened correspondence with Northern Han until officials intercepted the letters and reported to the throne. He also dispatched agents disguised as traders to solicit help from Southern Tang. The emperor sent Protocol Gentleman Zheng Haoqian to reassure him in person and exchanged sworn pledges with him. Yanchao only grew more restless. Again and again he sent chief adjutant Zheng Lin to the capital with professions of loyalty, while in truth probing for a chance to move. He also turned in a letter purportedly from Gao Xingzhou, military governor of Tianping, full of accusations that the court was in league with Yanchao. The emperor laughed and said, "This is Yanchao's trickery!" He showed the letter to Xingzhou, who submitted a memorial of gratitude. Before long Yanchao's rebellion showed itself more plainly. On bingshen the emperor sent Gate Attendant Zhang Ning with troops to Yan Prefecture on an inspection tour to guard against him.
78
庚子，王峻至絳州。 乙已，引兵趣晉州。 晉州南有蒙坑，最為險要，峻憂北漢兵據之。 是日，聞前鋒已度蒙坑，喜曰：「吾事濟矣！」
On gengzi, Wang Jun reached Jiang Prefecture. On yisi he marched toward Jin Prefecture. South of Jin Prefecture lay Meng Pit, the most dangerous pass on the route, and Jun feared the Northern Han would hold it. That day, when he learned the vanguard had already crossed Meng Pit, he exclaimed in delight, "The day is won!"
79
慕容彥超奏請入朝，帝知其詐，即許之。 既而復稱境內多盜，未敢離鎮。
Murong Yanchao asked permission to come to court. The emperor saw through the pretense and granted it at once. Before long he pleaded again that bandits were rampant in his circuit and that he dared not leave his post.
80
北漢主攻晉州，久不克。 會大雪，民相聚保山寨，野無所掠，軍乏食。 契丹思歸，聞王峻至蒙坑，燒營夜遁。 峻入晉州，諸將請亟追之，峻猶豫未決。 明日，乃遣行營馬軍都指揮使仇弘超、都排陳使藥元福、左廂排除使陳思讓、康延沼將騎兵追之，及於霍邑，縱兵奮擊，北漢兵墜崖谷死者甚眾。 霍邑道隘，延沼畏懦不急追，由是北漢兵得度。 藥元福曰：「劉崇悉發其眾，挾明騎而來，志吞晉、絳。 今氣衰力憊，狼狽而遁。 不乘此翦撲，必為後患。」 諸將不欲進，王峻復遣使止之，遂還。 契丹比至晉陽，士馬什喪三四。 蕭禹厥恥於無功，釘大酋長一人於市，旬餘而斬之。 北漢主始息意於進取。 北漢土瘠民貧，內供軍國，外奉契丹，賦繁役重，民不聊生，逃入周境者甚眾。
Northern Han forces pressed the siege of Jin Prefecture but could not capture it. Heavy snow fell. The people took refuge in mountain stockades, the countryside offered nothing to plunder, and the army ran short of provisions. The Khitan were eager to go home. When they heard Wang Jun had reached Meng Pit, they burned their camps and slipped away in the night. Jun entered Jin Prefecture. The generals urged an immediate pursuit, but he wavered and could not make up his mind. The next day he sent Field Army Cavalry Commander Qiu Hongchao, Chief Formation Officer Yao Yuanfu, Left Wing Exclusion Officer Chen Sirang, and Kang Yanzhao in pursuit with the cavalry. At Huoyi they charged hard, and Northern Han soldiers tumbled by the hundreds into the gorges below. The road through Huoyi was narrow. Yanzhao lost his nerve and failed to press the chase, and the Northern Han army got away. Yao Yuanfu said, "Liu Chong called up every man he had and marched here with the Khitan emperor Ming's cavalry, bent on swallowing Jin and Jiang prefectures. Now their spirit is broken and their strength spent—they are fleeing in disorder. If we do not cut them down now, they will surely trouble us again." The other generals refused to go on. Wang Jun sent another order to halt the pursuit, and they turned back. By the time the Khitan reached Jinyang, they had lost three or four men and horses in ten. Ashamed of returning empty-handed, Xiao Yujue had a senior chieftain nailed up in the marketplace and, more than ten days later, beheaded him. The Northern Han ruler at last abandoned his plans for further conquest. Northern Han was a land of thin soil and poor people. At home they had to sustain army and state; abroad they paid tribute to the Khitan. Taxes were crushing and labor demands relentless. Life became unbearable, and great numbers fled into Later Zhou territory.
81
唐主以鎮南節度使兼中書令宋齊丘為太傅，以馬希萼為江南西道觀察使、守中書令，鎮洪州，仍賜爵楚王。 以馬希崇為永泰節度使、兼侍中，鎮舒州。 湖南將吏，位高者拜刺史、將軍、卿監，卑者以次拜官。 唐主嘉廖偃、彭師暠之忠，以偃為左殿直軍使、萊州刺史，師暠為殿直都虞候，賜予甚厚。 湖南刺史皆入朝於唐，永州刺史王贇獨後至，唐王毒殺之。
The Southern Tang emperor made Song Qiqiu, military governor of Zhennan and concurrent director of the Secretariat, grand tutor. He appointed Ma Xie'e observer of the Jiangnan West Circuit, retaining the title of director of the Secretariat, with his seat at Hong Prefecture, and still granted him the rank of King of Chu. He made Ma Xiechong military governor of Yongtai and concurrent palace attendant, with his seat at Shu Prefecture. The senior generals and officials of Hunan were given posts as prefects, generals, and supervisory commissioners; junior men received appointments in descending order. The Southern Tang emperor rewarded Liao Yan and Peng Shigao for their loyalty. Yan was made left palace direct army commissioner and prefect of Lai; Shigao was made direct army chief adjutant. Both received lavish gifts. The Hunan prefects all presented themselves at the Southern Tang court; only Wang Yun of Yong Prefecture came late, and the Southern Tang emperor had him poisoned.
82
南漢主遣內侍省丞潘崇徹、將軍謝貫將兵攻郴州，唐邊鎬發兵救之。 崇徹敗唐兵於義章，遂取郴州。 邊鎬請除全、道二州刺史以備南漢。 丙辰，唐主以廖偃為道州刺史，以黑雲指揮使張巒知全州。
The Southern Han emperor sent Inner Palace Bureau deputy Pan Chongche and general Xie Guan to attack Chen Prefecture; Bian Hao of Southern Tang marched to its relief. Chongche routed the Southern Tang army at Yizhang and then seized Chen Prefecture. Bian Hao asked that new prefects be appointed at Quan and Dao to guard against Southern Han. On bingchen the Southern Tang emperor made Liao Yan prefect of Dao and Black Cloud Commander Zhang Luan acting prefect of Quan.
83
是歲，唐主以安化節度使鄱陽王王延政為山南西道節度使，更賜爵光山王。
That year the Southern Tang emperor made Wang Yanzheng, military governor of Anhua and Prince of Poyang, military governor of the Shannan West Circuit and raised his title to Prince of Guangshan.
84
初，蒙城鎮將鹹師朗將部兵降唐，唐主以其兵為奉節都，從邊鎬平湖南。 唐悉收湖南金帛、珍玩、倉粟乃至舟艦、亭館、花果之美者，皆徙於金陵，遣都官郎中楊繼勳等收湖南租賦以贍戍兵。 繼勳等務為苛刻，湖南人失望。 行營糧料使王紹顏減士卒糧賜，奉節指揮使孫朗、曹進怒曰：「昔吾從鹹公降唐，唐待我豈如今日湖南將士之厚哉！ 今有功不增祿賜，又減之，不如殺紹顏及鎬，據湖南，歸中原，富貴可圖也！」
Earlier, Mengcheng garrison commander Xian Shilang had surrendered with his troops to Southern Tang. The emperor enrolled them as the Fengjie Command and sent them with Bian Hao to pacify Hunan. Southern Tang stripped Hunan of its gold and silk, precious objects, and stored grain, and even its finest boats, pavilions, gardens, and orchards—all were hauled off to Jinling. Yang Jixun of the Ministry of Justice and others were sent to levy Hunan's taxes to pay the occupying troops. Jixun and his colleagues squeezed every penny they could, and the people of Hunan lost heart. Field provisions commissioner Wang Shaoyan cut the troops' grain rations and pay. Fengjie commander Sun Lang and Cao Jin said angrily, "When we followed Lord Xian in surrendering to Southern Tang, we were treated far better than Hunan's officers and soldiers are treated now! We have won victories yet receive no raise in pay or rewards—only cuts. Better to kill Shaoyan and Hao, seize Hunan, and go back to the Central Plains. Fortune and rank would be within reach!"
85
春正月庚申，夜，孫朗、曹進帥其徒作亂，束蒿潛燒府門，火不然。 邊鎬覺之，出兵格鬥，且命鳴鼓角，朗、進等以為將曉，斬關奔朗州。 王逵問朗曰：「吾昔從武穆王，與淮南戰屢捷，淮南兵易與耳。 今欲以朗州之眾復取湖南，可乎？」 朗曰：「朗在金陵數年，備見其政事，朝無賢臣，軍無良將，忠佞無別，賞罰不當，如此，得國存幸矣，何暇兼人！ 朗請為公前驅，取湖南如拾芥耳！」 逵悅，厚遇之。
On the night of gengshen in the first month of spring, Sun Lang and Cao Jin led their men in revolt. They bound reeds and tried to set fire to the prefectural gate in secret, but the flames would not take. Bian Hao discovered the plot, sent troops out to fight them, and ordered drums and horns sounded. Lang and Jin, thinking daybreak was near, broke through the gate and fled to Lang Prefecture. Wang Kui asked Lang, "When I followed Prince Wumu, we fought the Huai region again and again and always won. Huainan armies are easy meat. Can we use Lang Prefecture's forces to take Hunan back?" Lang said, "I spent years in Jinling and saw their government close up. The court has no worthy ministers, the army no able generals, loyalty and treachery go undistinguished, and rewards and punishments miss their mark. A state like that is lucky merely to survive—what leisure has it to swallow others! Let me lead the way for you—taking Hunan back would be like picking up a mustard seed from the ground!" Kui was delighted and treated him with great favor.
86
壬戌，發開封府民夫五萬修大梁城，旬日而罷。
On renxu fifty thousand corvée laborers from Kaifeng Prefecture were pressed to repair the walls of Daliang; the work was finished in ten days.
87
慕容彥超發鄉兵入城，引泗水注壕中，為戰守之備。 又多以旗幟授諸鎮將，令募群盜，剽掠鄰境，所在奏其反狀。 甲子，敕沂、密二州不復隸泰寧軍。 以侍衛步軍都指揮使、昭武節度使曹英為都部署，討彥超，齊州防禦使史延超為副部署，皇城使河內向訓為都監，陳州防禦使樂元福為行營馬步都虞候。 帝以元福宿將，命英、訓無得以軍禮見之，二人皆父事之。
Murong Yanchao called local militia into the city, diverted the Si River to fill the moat, and made ready for siege and defense. He also handed out banners and flags to garrison commanders and ordered them to recruit outlaw bands to raid neighboring circuits, so that reports of rebellion poured in from every quarter. On jiazi an edict removed Yi and Mi prefectures from the jurisdiction of the Taining army. Cao Ying, palace guard infantry commander and military governor of Zhaowu, was made overall commander to suppress Yanchao. Shi Yanchao, defense commissioner of Qi Prefecture, was deputy commander; Xiang Xun of Henei, imperial city commissioner, was overall supervisor; and Yue Yuanfu, defense commissioner of Chen Prefecture, was field army cavalry and infantry chief adjutant. Because Yuanfu was a veteran general, the emperor ordered Ying and Xun not to stand on military ceremony with him; both treated him with a son's deference.
88
唐主發兵五千，軍於下邳，以援彥超。 聞周兵將至，退屯沐陽。 徐州巡檢使張令彬擊之，大破唐兵，殺、溺死者千餘人，獲其將燕敬權。
The Southern Tang emperor sent five thousand troops to Xiapi to aid Yanchao. When they heard Zhou forces were approaching, they fell back and encamped at Muyang. Xuzhou inspection commissioner Zhang Lingbin struck them, shattered the Southern Tang army, killed or drowned more than a thousand men, and captured their general Yan Jingquan.
89
初，彥超以周室新造，謂其易搖，故北召北漢及契丹，南誘唐人，使侵邊鄙，冀朝廷奔命不暇，然後乘間而動。 及北漢、契丹自晉州北走，唐兵敗於沐陽，彥超之勢遂沮。
Yanchao had judged the newly founded Zhou regime unstable. He had called in Northern Han and the Khitan from the north and incited Southern Tang from the south to raid the borders, hoping the court would be driven to distraction and he could strike at his moment. But Northern Han and the Khitan had fled north from Jin Prefecture, and the Southern Tang army had been broken at Muyang—Yanchao's momentum collapsed.
90
永興節度使李洪信，自以漢室近親，心不自安。 城中兵不滿千人，王峻在陝，以救晉州為名，發其數百。 及北漢兵遁去，遣禁兵千餘人戍長安。 洪信懼，遂入朝。
Li Hongxin, military governor of Yongxing, counted himself a close kinsman of the fallen Han dynasty and lived in private unease. The garrison in his city numbered fewer than a thousand men. Wang Jun, then in Shan Prefecture, had already drawn off several hundred of them on the pretext of relieving Jin Prefecture. After the Northern Han army withdrew, Jun sent more than a thousand palace troops to garrison Chang'an. Hongxin was terrified and came to court in person.
91
壬申，王峻自晉州還，入見。
On renshen Wang Jun returned from Jin Prefecture and was received in audience.
92
曹英等至兗州，設長圍。 慕容彥超屢出戰，藥元福皆擊敗之，彥超不敢出。 十餘日，長圍合，遂進攻之。
Cao Ying and the others reached Yan Prefecture and drew a tight cordon around the city. Murong Yanchao sallied out again and again; Yao Yuanfu beat him back every time until Yanchao no longer dared leave the walls. After more than ten days the ring closed tight, and the assault began in earnest.
93
初，彥超將反，判官崔周度諫曰：「魯，詩書之國，自伯禽以來不能霸諸侯，然以禮義守之，可以長世。 公於國家非有私憾，胡為自疑！ 況主上開諭勤至，苟撤備歸誠，則坐享泰山之安矣。 獨不見杜中令、安襄陽、李河中竟何所成乎！」 彥超怒。 及官軍圍城，彥超括士民之財以贍軍，坐匿財死者甚眾。 前陝州司馬閻弘魯，寶之子也，畏彥超之暴，傾家為獻。 彥超猶以為有所匿，命周度索其家，周度謂弘魯曰：「君之死生，系財之豐約，宜無所愛。」 弘魯泣拜其妻妾曰：「悉出所有以救吾死。」 皆曰：「竭矣！」 周度以白彥超，彥超不信，收弘魯夫妻繫獄。 有乳母於泥中掊得金纏臂，獻之，冀以贖其主。 彥超曰：「果然，所匿必猶多。」 榜掠弘魯夫妻，肉潰而死。 以周度為阿庇，斬於市。
When Yanchao was first plotting rebellion, his aide Cui Zhoudu warned him, "Lu is a land of the Odes and Documents. Since Duke Boqin it has never dominated the feudal lords, yet by holding it with ritual and righteousness a house may endure for generations. You have no private quarrel with the throne—why turn against yourself! The emperor's appeals have been earnest and repeated. Lay down your arms, submit in good faith, and you will sit secure as Mount Tai itself. Have you not seen what became of Chancellor Du, An of Xiangyang, and Li of Hezhong in the end?" Yanchao flew into a rage. When the imperial army besieged the city, Yanchao extorted the wealth of gentry and commoners alike to feed his troops. Many who were accused of hiding property were put to death. Yan Honglu, former aide of Shan Prefecture and son of Yan Bao, terrified by Yanchao's brutality, stripped his household bare in tribute. Yanchao still suspected concealment and ordered Zhoudu to search his home. Zhoudu told Honglu, "Your life depends on how much wealth you surrender—you must hold nothing back." Honglu wept and bowed to his wife and concubines. "Give up everything we have to save my life," he said. They answered, "There is nothing left!" Zhoudu reported this to Yanchao, but Yanchao refused to believe it and had Honglu and his wife thrown into prison. A wet nurse dug a gold armlet out of the mud and offered it up, hoping to buy her master's life. Yanchao said, "Just as I thought—there must be far more hidden away." He had Honglu and his wife flogged until their flesh gave way and they died. He condemned Zhoudu as an accomplice who had shielded Honglu and had him beheaded in the marketplace.
94
北漢遣兵寇府州，防禦使折德扆敗之，殺二千餘人。 二月，庚子，德扆奏攻拔北漢岢嵐軍，以兵戍之。
Northern Han sent troops to raid Fu Prefecture. Defense commissioner Zhe Deyi routed them and killed more than two thousand men. In the second month, on gengzi, Deyi reported that he had stormed and taken Northern Han's Ke Lan garrison and left troops to hold it.
95
甲辰，帝釋燕敬權等使歸唐，謂唐主曰：「叛臣，天下所共疾也，不意唐主助之，得無非計乎！」 唐主大慚，先所得中國人，皆禮而歸之。 唐之言事者猶獻取中原之策，中書舍人韓熙載曰：「郭氏有國雖淺，為治已固，我兵輕動，必有害無益。」
On jiachen the emperor released Yan Jingquan and the others and sent them back to Southern Tang with a message for its ruler: "Rebellious ministers are despised throughout the realm. I never expected the Southern Tang emperor to aid one. Surely that cannot have been wise counsel!" The Southern Tang emperor was deeply shamed. Every subject of the Central Plains he had held captive was treated with courtesy and sent home. Southern Tang advisers still urged schemes to seize the Central Plains. Secretariat drafter Han Xizai said, "The Guo regime may be young, but its rule is already solid. If we stir our armies lightly, we will only hurt ourselves."
96
唐自烈祖以來，常遣使泛海與契丹相結，欲與之共製中國，更相饋遺，約為兄弟。 然契丹利其貨，徒以虛語往來，實不為唐用也。
Since the reign of Southern Tang's founding emperor, envoys had crossed the sea again and again to treat with the Khitan, hoping to join forces against the Central Plains. Gifts passed back and forth and oaths of brotherhood were exchanged. But the Khitan cared only for Southern Tang's treasure. The talk flowed freely, yet in deed they never served Southern Tang's ends.
97
唐主好文學，故熙載與馮延己、延魯、江文蔚、潘佐、徐鉉之徒皆至美官。 佑，幽州人也。 當時唐之文雅於諸國為盛，然未嘗設科舉，多因上書言事拜官，至是，始命韓林學士江文蔚知貢舉，進士廬陵王克貞等三人及第。 唐主問文蔚：「聊取士何如前朝？」 對曰：「前朝公舉、私謁相半，臣專任至公耳。」 唐主悅。 中書舍人張緯，前朝登第，聞而銜之。 時執政皆不由科第，相與沮毀，竟罷貢舉。
The Southern Tang emperor loved letters, and so Xizai, Feng Yanji, Yanlu, Jiang Wenwei, Pan Zuo, Xu Xuan, and others like them all rose to high office. Zuo was a native of You Prefecture. Southern Tang culture then outshone every neighboring state, yet it had never held civil examinations; most offices came through memorials on public affairs. Now, for the first time, Hanlin academician Jiang Wenwei was ordered to supervise the examinations, and three candidates including jinshi Wang Kezhen of Luling passed. The Southern Tang emperor asked Wenwei, "How does this round of selecting scholars compare with the previous dynasty?" He answered, "Under the previous dynasty public recommendation and private solicitation were evenly mixed. I have relied on nothing but absolute fairness." The Southern Tang emperor was pleased. Secretariat drafter Zhang Wei, who had passed the examinations under the previous dynasty, took offense. The men then in power had none risen through the examinations. They joined in obstruction and slander until the examinations were abolished altogether.
98
三月戊辰，以內客省使、恩州團練使晉陽鄭仁誨為樞密副使。
In the third month, on wuchen, Inner Palace Bureau commissioner and training commissioner of En Prefecture Zheng Renhui of Jinyang was made deputy commissioner of the Palace Secretariat.
99
甲戌，改威勝軍曰武勝軍。
On jiaxu the Weisheng army was renamed the Wusheng army.
100
唐主以太弟太保、昭義節度使馮延己為左僕射，前鎮海節度使徐景運為中書侍郎，及右僕射孫晟皆同平章事。 既宣制，戶部尚書常夢錫眾中大言曰：「白麻甚佳，但不及江文蔚疏耳！」 晟素輕延己，謂人曰：「金盃玉碗，乃貯狗矢乎！」 延己言於唐主曰：「陛下躬親庶務，故宰相不得盡其才，此治道所以未成也。」 唐主乃悉以政事委之，奏可而已。 既而延己不能勤事，文書皆仰成胥史，軍旅則委之邊將。 頃之，事益不治，唐主乃復自覽之。
The Southern Tang emperor made his younger brother's Grand Guardian and Zhaoyi military commissioner Feng Yanji Left Vice Director, former Zhenhai military commissioner Xu Jingyun Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Right Vice Director Sun Sheng—all fellow grand councilors. As soon as the appointment was announced, Minister of Revenue Chang Mengxi cried out before the whole court: "A handsome edict on white hemp—but it still falls short of Jiang Wenwei's memorial!" Sun Sheng had long despised Feng Yanji and told others, "Gold cups and jade bowls—to hold dog shit?" Feng Yanji told the Southern Tang emperor, "Your Majesty handles every detail of government yourself, so your chief councilors never get to use their full abilities. That is why sound rule still eludes us." The emperor thereupon handed over the whole administration to them, content to ratify whatever they put before him. Soon Feng Yanji stopped doing the work himself. Paperwork was left to clerks to finish as they could, and army business went entirely to the border commanders. In short order government grew worse, and the Southern Tang emperor took the files back into his own hands.
101
大理卿蕭儼惡延己為人，數上疏攻之，會儼坐失入人死罪，鐘謨、李德明輩必欲殺之，延己曰：「儼誤殺一婦人，諸君以為當死，儼九卿也，可誤殺乎？」 獨上言：「儼素有直聲，今所坐已會赦，宜從寬宥。」 儼由是得免。 人亦以此多之。 景運尋罷為太子少傅。
Grand Justice Xiao Yan loathed Feng Yanji and kept memorializing against him. When Yan was convicted of wrongly condemning someone to death, Zhong Mo, Li Deming, and their allies demanded his execution. Feng Yanji said, "Yan mistakenly killed one woman, and you think he should die for it? He is a minister of the Nine Ministers—are ministers to be killed by mistake?" Feng Yanji alone pleaded, "Yan has long been known for his integrity, and the crime he stands convicted of is already covered by the amnesty. He should be pardoned." Xiao Yan was spared. The public praised Feng Yanji for it. Xu Jingyun was soon removed from office and made Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent.
102
夏，四月，丙戌朔，日有食之。
In summer, in the fourth month, on bingxu—the first day of the month—the sun was eclipsed.
103
帝以曹英等攻克兗州久未克，乙卯，下詔親征，以李穀權東京留守兼判開封府，鄭仁誨權大內都點檢，又以侍衛馬軍都指揮使郭崇充在京都巡檢。
Cao Ying's forces had besieged Yanzhou for months without success. On yimao the emperor announced he would lead the campaign in person. Li Gu was left as acting regent at the Eastern Capital and concurrent administrator of Kaifeng; Zheng Renhui was made acting chief inspector of the Inner Palace; and Palace Attendant Horse Army commander Guo Chong was ordered to patrol the capital.
104
唐主既克湖南，遣其將李建期屯益陽以圖朗州，以知全州張巒兼桂州招討使以圖桂州，久之，未有功。 唐主謂馮延己、孫晟曰：「楚人求息肩於我，我未有以撫其瘡痍而虐用其力，非所以副來蘇之望。 吾欲罷桂林之役，斂益陽之戍，以旌節授劉言，何如？」 晟以為宜然。 延己曰：「吾出偏將舉湖南，遠近震驚。 一旦三分喪二，人將輕我。 請委邊將察其形勢。」 唐主乃遣統軍使侯訓將兵五千自吉州路趣全州，與張巒合兵攻桂州。 南漢伏兵於山谷，巒等始至城下，罷乏，伏兵四起，城中出兵夾擊之，唐兵大敗，訓死，巒收散卒數百奔歸全州。
After conquering Hunan, the Southern Tang emperor posted his general Li Jianqi at Yiyang to threaten Langzhou and made Quanzhou prefect Zhang Luan also commissioner for the Guizhou campaign. Months passed without result. The Southern Tang emperor told Feng Yanji and Sun Sheng, "The people of Chu came to us hoping for relief, yet we have not tended their wounds and instead work them to exhaustion. That is no way to answer their hope of revival under our rule. I want to call off the Guilin expedition, pull back the garrison at Yiyang, and invest Liu Yan with a commander's staff. What do you think?" Sun Sheng agreed. Feng Yanji said, "We sent a subordinate general and seized Hunan—the whole region trembled. If we surrender two-thirds of it in a single stroke, everyone will think less of us. Let the frontier commanders read the situation and decide." The Southern Tang emperor instead sent army commander Hou Xun with five thousand men by way of Jizhou toward Quanzhou to join Zhang Luan for an assault on Guilin. Southern Han hid troops in the mountain valleys. When Zhang Luan's men had just reached the foot of the walls, worn out, ambushers sprang up everywhere and the garrison sallied to hit them from both sides. The Southern Tang army was routed. Hou Xun was killed; Zhang Luan rallied a few hundred survivors and fled back to Quanzhou.
105
五月，庚申，帝發大梁。 戊辰，至兗州。 己巳，帝使人招諭慕容彥超，城上人語不遜。 庚午，命諸軍進攻。
In the fifth month, on gengshen, the emperor left Daliang. On wuchen he arrived at Yanzhou. On jisi the emperor sent envoys to summon Murong Yanchao and offer terms; the men on the walls answered with insults. On gengwu he ordered a general assault.
106
先是，術者紿彥超云：「鎮星行至角、亢，角、亢兗州之分，其下有福。」 彥超乃立祠而禱之，令民家皆立黃幡。 彥超性貪吝，官軍攻城急，猶瘞藏珍寶，由是人無鬥志，將卒相繼有出降者。 乙亥，官軍克城，彥超方禱鎮星祠，帥眾力戰，不勝，乃焚鎮星祠，與妻赴井死。 子繼勳出走，追獲，殺之。 官軍大掠，城中死者近萬人。 初，彥超將反，募群盜置帳下，至者二千餘人，皆山林獷悍，竟不為用。
Earlier a fortune-teller had tricked Yanchao, saying, "Saturn is moving through the Horn and Gullet—Yanzhou falls under those asterisms, and fortune waits beneath them." Murong Yanchao built a shrine to Saturn and prayed there, ordering every household to fly yellow banners. Murong Yanchao was miserly by nature. Even as the siege tightened, he kept burying his treasure, and morale collapsed. Officers and soldiers surrendered one after another. On yihai the imperial army broke into the city. Murong Yanchao was still at prayer in the Saturn shrine when he led a last stand, failed, burned the shrine, and threw himself into a well with his wife. His son Li Jixun tried to flee, was caught, and executed. The imperial troops looted the city on a vast scale. Nearly ten thousand people died. When Murong Yanchao had first plotted rebellion he recruited more than two thousand bandits—hard men from the hills—but in the end they did him no good at all.
107
帝欲悉誅兗州將吏，翰林學士竇儀見馮道、范質，與之共白帝曰：「彼皆脅從耳。」 乃赦之。 丁丑，以端明殿學士顏衎權知兗州事。 壬午，赦兗州管內，彥超黨與逃匿者期一月聽自首，前已伏誅者赦其親戚。 癸未，降泰寧軍為防禦州。
The emperor meant to put every Yanzhou officer and official to death. Hanlin academician Dou Yi sought out Feng Dao and Fan Zhi, and together they pleaded with the emperor: "They were only men forced to follow him." The emperor pardoned them. On dingchou Duanming Hall academician Yan Kan was made acting administrator of Yanzhou. On renwu he declared an amnesty throughout Yanzhou. Yanchao's followers in hiding were given one month to turn themselves in, and the families of those already executed were forgiven. On guimwei the Taining army was downgraded to a defensive prefecture.
108
唐司徒致仕李建勳卒，且死，戒家人曰：「時事如此，吾得良死幸矣！ 勿封土立碑，聽人耕種於其上，免為他日開發之標。」 及江南之亡也，諸貴人高大之塚無不發者，惟建勳塚莫知其處。
Li Jianxun, retired Grand Secretary of Southern Tang, died. On his deathbed he told his family, "Times being what they are, I am lucky to die in my bed. Do not raise a mound or set up a stele. Let people farm the ground above me, so no one can find the spot later and dig me up." When Jiangnan fell, every great noble tomb was opened—only Li Jianxun's burial place remained unknown.
109
六月乙酉朔，帝如曲阜，謁孔子祠。 既尊，將拜。 左右曰：「孔子，陪臣也，不當以天子拜之。」 帝曰：「孔子百世帝王之師，敢不敬乎！」 遂拜之。 又拜孔子墓，命葺孔子祠，禁孔林樵采。 訪孔子、顏淵之後，以為曲阜令及主簿。 丙戌，帝發兗州。
In the sixth month, on yiyou—the first day of the month—the emperor went to Qufu and visited the shrine of Confucius. When the rites of respect were complete, he prepared to bow. Those around him said, "Confucius was only a subject. The Son of Heaven should not bow to him." The emperor said, "Confucius has been teacher to emperors for a hundred generations. How could I fail to show him reverence?" He bowed. He bowed at Confucius's tomb as well, ordered the shrine restored, and forbade firewood gathering in the Confucian grove. He found descendants of Confucius and Yan Yuan and made them prefect and chief clerk of Qufu. On bingxu the emperor left Yanzhou.
110
乙未，吳越順德太夫人吳氏卒。
On yiwei Shun'ede Grand Madame Lady Wu of Wuyue died.
111
丁酉，蜀大水入成都，漂沒千餘家，溺死五千餘人，壞太廟四室。 戊戌，蜀大赦，賑水災之家。
On dingyou a great flood poured into Chengdu in Later Shu, sweeping away more than a thousand households, drowning more than five thousand people, and wrecking four halls of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On wuxu Later Shu declared a general amnesty and relief for flood victims.
112
己亥，帝至大梁。
On jihai the emperor returned to Daliang.
113
朔方節度使兼中書令陳留王馮暉卒，其子牙內都虞候繼業殺其兄繼勳，自知軍府事。
Feng Hui, Shuofang military commissioner, concurrent Zhongshu Ling, and Prince of Chenliu, died. His son Jiye, deputy commander of the inner garrison, killed his elder brother Jixun and seized control of the command.
114
太子賓客李濤之弟澣，在契丹為勤政殿學士，與幽州節度使蕭海真善。 海真，契丹主兀欲之妻弟也。 澣說海真內附，海真欣然許之。 澣因定州諜者田重霸繼絹表以聞，且與濤書，言：「契丹主童騃，專事宴游，無遠志，非前人之比，朝廷若能用兵，必克； 不然，與和，必得。 二者皆利於速，度其情勢，他日終不能力助河東者也。」 壬寅，重霸至大梁，會中國多事，不果從。
Li Huan, younger brother of Heir Apparent Guest Li Tao, served the Khitan as an academician of the Diligent Governance Hall and was on close terms with Youzhou military commissioner Xiao Haizhen. Xiao Haizhen was the brother-in-law of the Khitan ruler Yelü Yuzhi. Li Huan urged Xiao Haizhen to defect to the Chinese court, and Haizhen agreed eagerly. Li Huan sent the Dingzhou spy Tian Chongba with a silk memorial to report the plot, and wrote to Li Tao as well: "The Khitan ruler is foolish and idle, devoted only to feasting and sport, with no long view—not a man to compare with his predecessors. If the court sends an army, it will surely win; if not, negotiate peace—and you will surely get it. Either course demands haste. Given their temper and circumstances, they will never be able to give Hedong real support in the long run." On renyin Tian Chongba reached Daliang, but the court was overwhelmed with other business and never acted on the proposal.
115
辛亥，以馮繼業為朔方留後。
On xinhai Feng Jiye was appointed acting military governor of Shuofang.
116
樞密使王峻，性輕躁，多計數，好權利，喜人附己，自以天下為己任。 每言事，帝從之則喜，或時未允，輒慍懟，往往發不遜語。 帝以其故舊，且有佐命功，又素知其為人，每優容之。 峻年長於帝，帝即位，猶以兄呼之，或稱其字，峻以是益驕。 副使鄭仁誨、皇城使向訓、恩州團練使李重進，皆帝在籓鎮時腹心將佐也，帝即位，稍稍進用。 峻心嫉之，累表稱疾，求解機務，以詗帝意。 帝屢遣左右敦諭，峻對使者辭氣亢厲。 又遺諸道節度使書求保證，諸道各獻其書，帝驚駭久之，復遣左右慰勉，令視事，且曰：「卿倘不來，朕且自往。」 猶不至。 帝知樞密直學士陳觀與峻親善，令往諭指，觀曰：「陛下但聲言臨幸其第，嚴駕以待之，峻必不敢不來。」 從之。 秋，七月，戊子，峻入朝，帝慰勞令視事。 重進，滄州人，其母即帝妹福慶長公主也。
Palace Secretariat Commissioner Wang Jun was rash and scheming, hungry for power and profit, delighted when men rallied to him, and convinced the fate of the realm rested on his shoulders. Whenever he offered counsel, approval made him jubilant; denial sent him into sullen rage, and he often spoke with open disrespect. Guo Wei indulged him anyway—an old comrade with founding merit, and a man whose faults the emperor had known for years. Wang Jun was older than the emperor. Even after the enthronement Guo Wei still called him elder brother, or sometimes used his style name—and Jun grew ever more arrogant. Deputy commissioner Zheng Renhui, Imperial City commissioner Xiang Xun, and Enzhou training commissioner Li Chongjin had all been trusted aides when Guo Wei held his princely domain; after his enthronement they were steadily promoted. Wang Jun resented them and repeatedly memorialized illness, asking to be relieved of confidential duties, to test the emperor's reaction. The emperor sent close attendants again and again to urge him back; Wang Jun answered them with defiant arrogance. He also wrote every circuit military commissioner asking them to guarantee his position. When those letters reached court the emperor was shaken for a long while, then sent attendants again to coax him back to work, saying, "If you refuse to come, I will come to you myself." He still refused to appear. Knowing that Palace Secretariat Direct Academician Chen Guan was close to Wang Jun, the emperor sent him with the message. Chen Guan said, "Your Majesty need only announce a personal visit to his house and muster a full imperial escort to wait there—Wang Jun will not dare stay away." The emperor took his advice. In autumn, in the seventh month, on wuzi, Wang Jun came to court. The emperor soothed him and ordered him back to work. Li Chongjin was a native of Cangzhou; his mother was the emperor's sister, Princess Fuqing the Long.
117
李穀足跌，傷右臂，在告月餘。 帝以穀職業繁劇，趣令入朝，辭以未任趨拜。 癸巳，詔免朝參，但令視事。
Li Gu tripped and injured his right arm, and stayed on sick leave for more than a month. His duties were crushing, and the emperor pressed him to return to court. Li Gu pleaded that he was not yet fit to bow in attendance. On guisi an edict excused him from court attendance but required him to keep handling business.
118
蜀工部尚書、判武德軍邵延鈞不禮於監押王承丕，承丕謀作亂。 辛丑，左奉聖都指揮使安次孫欽當以部兵戍邊，往辭承丕，承丕邀與俱見府公。 欽不知其謀，從之。 承丕至，則令左右擊殺延鈞，屠其家，稱奉詔處置軍府，即開府庫賞士卒，出系囚，發屯戍。 將吏畢集，欽謂承丕曰：「今延鈞已伏辜，公宜出詔書以示眾。」 承丕曰：「我能致公富貴，勿問詔書。」 欽始知承丕反，因紿曰：「今內外未安，我請以部兵為公巡察。」 即躍馬而出，承丕連呼之，不止。 欽至營，曉諭其眾，帥以入府，攻承丕，承丕左右欲拒戰，欽叱之，皆棄兵走，遂執承丕，斬之，並其親黨，傳首成都。
In Later Shu, Minister of Works and Wude army overseer Shao Yanjun treated supervisory commissioner Wang Chengpi with contempt, and Chengpi plotted rebellion. On xinchou Sun Qin of Anci, commander of the Left Fengsheng Guard, was due to lead his troops to frontier garrison duty. He came to bid Wang Chengpi farewell, and Chengpi invited him along to call on the prefect. Sun Qin knew nothing of the plot and went with him. Once inside, Wang Chengpi had his men kill Shao Yanjun and slaughter his household, claimed he was acting on imperial orders to seize the command, opened the treasury to pay the troops, freed prisoners, and called up the garrisons. When the officers had gathered, Sun Qin told Wang Chengpi, "Yanjun is dead. You should produce the imperial edict and show it to everyone." Wang Chengpi said, "I can make you rich—never mind the edict." Sun Qin then knew Wang Chengpi had rebelled. He lied smoothly: "The city is still unsettled. Let me take my troops out on patrol for you." He vaulted onto his horse and rode out. Wang Chengpi shouted after him again and again, but he would not turn back. Sun Qin reached camp, roused his men at dawn, and led them back into headquarters to attack Wang Chengpi. Chengpi's guards tried to fight; Sun Qin roared them down until they dropped their weapons and ran. He seized Chengpi, beheaded him and his partisans, and sent the head to Chengdu.
119
天平節度使、守中書令高行周卒。 行周有勇而知義，功高而不矜，策馬臨敵，叱吒風生，平居與賓僚宴集，侃侃和易，人以是重之。
Gao Xingzhou, Tianping military commissioner and acting Zhongshu Ling, died. Gao Xingzhou was brave and principled, accomplished yet unassuming. Charging the enemy he thundered; at ease among guests and staff he was warm and easy—and men respected him for both.
120
癸卯，蜀主遣客省使趙季札如梓州，慰撫吏民。
On guimao the Later Shu emperor sent Guest Reception Commissioner Zhao Jizu to Zizhou to reassure officials and commoners.
121
漢法，犯私鹽、麴，無問多少抵死。 鄭州民有以屋稅受鹽於官，過州城，吏以為私鹽，執而殺之，其妻訟冤。 癸丑，始詔犯鹽、麴者以斤兩定刑有差。
Under Later Zhou law, anyone caught with private salt or yeast faced death, no matter how little. A man in Zhengzhou had taken salt from the government in lieu of a house tax. Passing through the prefectural city, officials seized him as a smuggler and executed him. His wife petitioned for justice. On guichou the court at last decreed graded punishments for salt and yeast offenses, measured by weight.
Footnotes
- In spring, the first month, on dingmao, the Later Han empress dowager issued an edict conferring the regent's seals and treasures upon Guo Wei and investing him as emperor
- He changed the era name to Guangshun and proclaimed a general amnesty
- Later Tang's Emperor Zhuangzong, Emperor Mingzong, and Later Jin's Emperor Gaozu each had ten households assigned to guard their tombs; the staff, palace women, seasonal offerings, and tomb-guard households for Later Han's Emperor Gaozu remained unchanged