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神武上
Emperor Shenwu, Part One
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齊高祖神武皇帝，姓高名歡，字賀六渾，渤海蓚人也。 六世祖隱，晉玄菟太守。 隱生慶，慶生泰，泰生湖，三世仕慕容氏。 及慕容寶敗，國亂，湖率衆歸魏，為右將軍。 湖生四子，第三子謐，仕魏，位至侍御史，坐法徙居懷朔鎮。 謐生皇考樹，性通率，不事家業。 住居白道南，數有赤光紫氣之異，鄰人以為怪，勸徙居以避之。 皇考曰：「安知非吉？」 居之自若。 及神武生而皇妣韓氏殂，養於同產姊婿鎮獄隊尉景家。
Emperor Shenwu, posthumous temple name Gaozu of Northern Qi, bore the surname Gao; his personal name was Huan and his style Heiliuhun. He came from Tiao in Bohai. In the sixth generation his ancestor Yin had been Administrator of Xuantu under the Jin. Yin fathered Qing, Qing fathered Tai, and Tai fathered Hu; all three generations entered the service of the Murong clan. When Murong Bao suffered defeat and the state collapsed into disorder, Hu brought his band over to the Northern Wei and was appointed Right General. Hu had four sons. The third, Mi, served the Wei court and rose to Attending Censor, but after a legal infraction was banished to live at Huaishuo garrison. Mi fathered Gao Huan's father Shu, a man frank and easy in temperament who cared little for the family trade. He lived south of the White Road, where red light and purple vapors appeared again and again. The neighbors took this for uncanny and urged him to move elsewhere to escape it. Gao Huan's father replied, "How do you know it is not a blessing? And he stayed on as before, unperturbed. When Gao Huan was born his mother Lady Han died, and he was reared in the household of his full elder sister's husband Jing, captain of the garrison prison guard.
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神武旣累世北邊，故習其俗，遂同鮮卑。 長而深沉有大度，輕財重士，為豪俠所宗。 目有精光，長頭高顴，齒白如玉，少有人傑表。 家貧，及聘武明皇后，始有馬，得給鎮為隊主。 鎮將遼西段長常奇神武貌，謂曰：「君有康濟才，終不徒然。」 便以子孫為托。 及貴，追贈長司空，擢其子寧用之。 神武自隊主轉為函使。 嘗乘驛過建興，雲霧晝晦，雷聲隨之，半日乃絕，若有神應者。 每行道路，往來無風塵之色。 又嘗夢履衆星而行，覺而內喜。 為函使六年，每至洛陽，給令史麻祥使。 詳嘗以肉啖神武，神武性不立食，坐而進之。 祥以為慢己，笞神武四十。 及自洛陽還，傾產以結客。 親故怪問之，答曰：「吾至洛陽，宿衛羽林相率焚領軍張彝宅，朝廷懼其亂而不問。 為政若此，事可知也。 財物豈可常守邪？」 自是乃有澄清天下之志。 與懷朔省事雲中司馬子如及秀容人劉貴、中山人賈顯智為奔走之友，懷朔戶曹史孫騰、外兵史侯景亦相友結。 劉貴嘗得一白鷹，與神武及尉景、蔡儁、子如、賈顯智等獵於沃野。 見一赤兔，每搏輒逸，遂至回澤。 澤中有茅屋，將奔入，有狗自屋中出，噬之，鷹兔俱死。 神武怒，以鳴鏑射之，狗斃。 屋中有二人出，持神武襟甚急。 其母兩目盲，曳杖呵其二子曰：「何故觸大家！」 出甕中酒，烹羊以飯客。 因自言善暗相，遍捫諸人皆貴，而指麾俱由神武。 又曰：「子如歷位顯，智不善終。」 飯竟出，行數里還，更訪之，則本無人居，乃向非人也。 由是諸人益加敬異。
For generations his family had lived on the northern marches, so Gao Huan grew up in frontier ways and lived much like the Xianbei. As a man he was reserved and far-sighted, generous with money and devoted to worthy companions, and the local men of daring looked to him as their leader. His eyes gleamed, his head was long and his cheekbones high, his teeth white as jade; even in youth he wore the bearing of a man marked for greatness. The family was poor, and only after he betrothed Lady Wuming did he acquire a horse and win appointment as squad chief at the garrison. Duan Chang of Liaoxi, the garrison commander, often admired Gao Huan's looks and told him, "You have the talent to heal the realm; you will not end your days obscurely. And he entrusted his descendants to Gao Huan's care. After Gao Huan rose to power he posthumously enfeoffed Duan Chang as Minister of Works and brought his son Ning into office. Gao Huan moved from squad chief to garrison courier. Once while riding post through Jianxing, clouds and mist darkened the day and thunder rolled after him for half a day, as though heaven itself were answering his passage. Whenever he traveled the roads he seemed untouched by wind and dust. He also dreamed once that he walked treading upon the stars; when he woke he was secretly elated. For six years as courier he went each time to Luoyang, where he was assigned to the clerk Ma Xiang. Xiang once fed him meat; Gao Huan, who never ate standing, sat down to accept it. Xiang took this as an insult and had Gao Huan beaten forty strokes. On his return from Luoyang he poured out his fortune to gather followers. Kinsmen and friends asked what moved him; he answered, "At Luoyang I saw the Feathered Forest guards burn down the residence of Supreme Commander Zhang Yi in a mob, and the court, fearing worse trouble, never punished them. When government runs thus, the course of events is already clear. What good is clinging to property forever? From that day he resolved to set the realm right. He made running companions of Sima Ziru, affairs clerk at Huaishuo's Yunzhong desk, Liu Gui of Xiurong, and Jia Xianzhi of Zhongshan; Sun Teng, the garrison household clerk, and Hou Jing, clerk for external military affairs, joined their circle as well. Liu Gui once came by a white hawk and went hunting on the open steppe with Gao Huan, Jing, Cai Jun, Ziru, Jia Xianzhi, and the rest. They sighted a russet hare that bolted away whenever they closed, and the chase carried them to Huize Marsh. Near a hut on the marsh the hare was nearly inside when a dog rushed out, tore at it, and killed both hawk and hare. Gao Huan, furious, killed the dog with a whistling arrow. Two men burst from the hut and seized Gao Huan's robe in alarm. Their blind mother, leaning on her staff, scolded them: "Why do you lay hands on our great guest! She brought wine from a jar, slaughtered a sheep, and feasted them. Declaring herself skilled in reading fate by touch, she passed her hands over each man and pronounced them all destined for rank, yet said every fortune turned on Gao Huan. She added, "Ziru will rise to high office, but Xianzhi will meet an ill end. After the meal they rode on, but a few li later turned back to find the place, and there was no hut at all—their hosts had not been of this world. From that day his companions held him in still greater awe.
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孝昌元年，柔玄鎮人杜洛周反於上谷，神武乃與同志從之。 醜其行事，私與尉景、段榮、蔡儁圖之。 不果而逃，為其騎所追。 文襄及魏永熙后皆幼，武明後於牛上抱負之。 文襄屢落牛，神武彎弓將射之以決去。 后呼榮求救，賴榮遽下取之以免。 遂奔葛榮，又亡歸尒朱榮於秀容。 先是，劉貴事榮，盛言神武美，至是始得見，以憔悴故，未之奇也。 貴乃為神武更衣，復求見焉。 因隨榮之廄。 廄有惡馬，榮命翦之。 神武乃不加羈絆而翦，竟不蹄齧，已而起曰：「御惡人亦如此馬矣。」 榮遂坐神武於床下，屏左右而訪時事。 神武曰：「聞公有馬十二谷，色別為羣，將此竟何用也？」 榮曰：「但言爾意。」 神武曰：「方今天子愚弱，太后淫亂，孽寵擅命，朝政不行。 以明公雄武，乘時奮發，討鄭儼、徐紇而清帝側，霸業可舉鞭而成。 此賀六渾之意也。」 榮大悅，語自日中至夜半，乃出。 自是每參軍謀。 後從榮徙據幷州，抵揚州邑人龐蒼鷹，止團焦中。 每從外歸，主人遙聞行響動地。 蒼鷹母數見團焦赤氣赫然屬天。 又蒼鷹嘗夜欲入，有青衣人拔刀叱曰：「何故觸王！」 言訖不見。 始以為異，密覘之，唯見赤蛇蟠床上，乃益驚異。 因殺牛分肉，厚以相奉。 蒼鷹母求以神武為義子。 及得志，以其宅為第，號為南宅。 雖門巷開廣，堂宇崇麗，其本所住團焦，以石堊塗之，留而不毀，至文宣時，遂為宮。 旣而榮以神武為親信都督。
In the first year of Xiaochang (525), Du Luozhou of Rouxuan garrison rebelled at Shanggu, and Gao Huan and his companions joined him. Disgusted by Luozhou's methods, he secretly plotted with Jing, Duan Rong, and Cai Jun. The plot failed and he fled, with Luozhou's horsemen in pursuit. Wenxiang and the future Empress Yongxi of Wei were still small children; Empress Wuming carried them on the ox in her arms. Wenxiang kept falling from the ox; Gao Huan strung his bow as if to shoot the boy dead and be rid of the burden. Empress Wuming cried to Duan Rong for help, and Rong leapt down in time to catch the boy and save him. He fled next to Ge Rong, then broke away again and took refuge with Erzhu Rong at Xiurong. Liu Gui had long served Erzhu Rong and spoken lavishly of Gao Huan's gifts; now Gao Huan finally met Rong face to face, but worn and haggard as he was, Rong saw nothing remarkable in him. Liu Gui dressed Gao Huan in fresh clothes and arranged another meeting. He then followed Rong into the stables. A vicious stallion was in the stable, and Rong ordered its mane clipped. Gao Huan clipped it without halter or hobble, and the beast never kicked or bit; when he finished he stood and said, "Taming wicked men is like taming this horse. Rong then seated Gao Huan below his couch, dismissed his attendants, and questioned him on the state of the realm. Gao Huan asked, "I hear you pasture horses in twelve valleys, sorted by color—what do you mean to do with them? Rong replied, "Tell me what you have in mind. Gao Huan said, "The emperor is weak and the empress dowager debauched; favored creatures command at will and the court has ceased to govern. With your might, my lord, rise now, strike down Zheng Yan and Xu He, cleanse the emperor's side—and dominion over the realm is yours at a flick of the whip. That is Heiliuhun's counsel. Rong was delighted; they talked from noon until midnight before Gao Huan left. From then on Gao Huan was included in every council of war. Later, when Rong shifted his base to Bing Province, Gao Huan stayed with Pang Cangying of Yangzhou township in a round-walled compound called Tuanjiao. Whenever Gao Huan returned from outside, his host heard from far off footsteps that seemed to shake the earth. Cangying's mother often saw over the compound a scarlet aura blazing up to heaven. One night Cangying tried to enter and a man in blue robes drew a sword and cried, "How dare you disturb the king! When he finished speaking, the figure vanished. At first puzzled, he stole a look inside and saw only a red serpent coiled on the bed; his wonder only grew. He slaughtered an ox and brought Gao Huan generous gifts of meat. Cangying's mother asked to adopt Gao Huan as a son. After Gao Huan rose to power he made the house his own mansion and called it the Southern Residence. Though his new halls grew wide and grand, he left the original Tuanjiao compound plastered in whitewashed stone, never torn down; under Emperor Wenxuan it became a palace. Soon after, Erzhu Rong appointed Gao Huan trusted commander.
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于於時魏明帝銜鄭儼、徐紇，逼靈太后，未敢制，私使榮舉兵內向。 榮以神武為前鋒。 至上黨，明帝又私詔停之。 及帝暴崩，榮遂入洛，因將篡位。 神武諫，恐不聽，請鑄像卜之，鑄不成，乃止。 孝莊帝立，以定策勳，封銅鞮伯。 及尒朱榮擊葛榮，令神武喻下賊別稱王者七人。 後與行臺于暉破羊侃於泰山，尋與元天穆破邢杲于濟南。 累遷第三鎮人酋長，常在榮帳內。 榮嘗問左右曰：「一日無我，誰可主軍？」 皆稱尒朱兆。 曰：「此正可統三千騎以還，堪代我主衆者，唯賀六渾耳。」 因誡兆曰：「爾非其匹，終當為其穿鼻。」 乃以神武為晉州刺史。 於是大聚斂，因劉貴貨榮下要人，盡得其意。 時州庫角無故自鳴，神武異之，無幾而孝莊誅榮。
At that time Emperor Ming of Northern Wei loathed Zheng Yan and Xu He, who dominated Empress Dowager Ling, but dared not move against them openly; he secretly urged Erzhu Rong to march on the capital. Rong made Gao Huan his vanguard. When the army reached Shangdang, the emperor secretly ordered a halt. When the emperor died suddenly, Rong entered Luoyang and prepared to seize the throne himself. Gao Huan remonstrated; fearing Rong would not heed him, he had a Buddha image cast for divination—and when the casting failed, Rong abandoned the plan. When Emperor Xiaozhuang took the throne, Gao Huan was enfeoffed Baron of Tongdi for his role in the settlement. When Erzhu Rong campaigned against Ge Rong, he sent Gao Huan to talk seven rebel kings into surrender. He later joined Mobile Headquarters Commander Yu Hui to defeat Yang Kan at Mount Tai, and soon after joined Yuan Tianmu to crush Xing Gao at Jinan. He rose to become chief of the third garrison peoples and remained constantly at Erzhu Rong's side. Rong once asked his companions, "If I were gone, who could lead these armies? All named Erzhu Zhao. Rong said, "Zhao can lead three thousand horsemen home, but only Heiliuhun is fit to replace me in command of the host. He warned Zhao, "You are no match for him; in the end he will put the ring in your nose. He thereupon appointed Gao Huan inspector of Jin Province. Gao Huan amassed wealth on a grand scale and, through Liu Gui, bought off Erzhu Rong's inner circle until he knew their minds completely. About then a horn in the provincial storehouse sounded of its own accord; Gao Huan took it for an omen—and soon Emperor Xiaozhuang killed Erzhu Rong.
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及尒朱兆自晉陽將舉兵赴洛，召神武。 神武使長史孫騰辭以絳蜀、汾胡欲反，不可委去。 兆恨焉。 騰復命，神武曰：「兆舉兵犯上，此大賊也，吾不能久事之。」 自是始有圖兆計。 及兆入洛，執莊帝以北，神武聞之，大驚。 又使孫騰偽賀兆，因密覘孝莊所在，將劫以舉義，不果。 乃以書喻之，言不宜執天子以受惡名於海內。 兆不納，殺帝，而與尒朱世隆等立長廣王曄，改元建明。 封神武為平陽郡公。 及費也頭紇豆陵步藩入秀容，逼晉陽，兆徵神武。 神武將往，賀拔焉過兒請緩行以弊之。 神武乃往往逗遛，辭以河無橋不得渡。 步藩軍盛，兆敗走。 初，孝莊之誅尒朱榮，知其黨必有逆謀，乃密敕步藩令襲其後。 步藩旣敗兆等，以兵勢日盛，兆又請救於神武。 神武內圖兆，復慮步藩後之難除，乃與兆悉力破之。 藩死，深德神武，誓為兄弟。 時世隆、度律、彥伯共執朝政，天光據關右，兆據幷州，仲遠據東郡，各擁兵為暴，天下苦之。
When Erzhu Zhao prepared to march from Jinyang on Luoyang, he summoned Gao Huan. Gao Huan sent his chief clerk Sun Teng to excuse him, claiming the Jiang-Shu and Fen-Hu tribes were on the verge of revolt and he could not abandon his post. Zhao resented the refusal. When Sun Teng returned, Gao Huan said, "Zhao is marching against the throne—he is a traitor, and I cannot serve him much longer. From that moment he began plotting against Erzhu Zhao. When Zhao entered Luoyang and dragged Emperor Xiaozhuang north as a prisoner, Gao Huan was dismayed. He sent Sun Teng to offer Zhao false congratulations while secretly seeking Emperor Xiaozhuang's whereabouts, intending to rescue him and raise the banner of revolt—but the plan failed. He wrote urging Zhao that holding the emperor captive would earn him infamy throughout the realm. Zhao refused heed, killed the emperor, and with Erzhu Shilong and others enthroned Prince Changguang of Changguang, changing the era name to Jianming. Gao Huan was enfeoffed Duke of Pingyang Commandery. When Helouling Bofan of the Feiyetou entered Xiurong and threatened Jinyang, Zhao again summoned Gao Huan. Gao Huan was preparing to march when Heba Yanguo'er urged him to go slowly and wear the enemy down. Gao Huan deliberately lingered, claiming there was no bridge and he could not cross the river. Bu Fan's forces grew overwhelming and Erzhu Zhao was beaten and fled. Earlier, when Emperor Xiaozhuang killed Erzhu Rong, he knew the Erzhu faction would rebel and secretly ordered Bu Fan to attack them from the rear. Once Bu Fan had routed Erzhu Zhao, his army grew stronger by the day, and Zhao turned again to Gao Huan for help. Gao Huan intended to destroy Zhao but feared Bu Fan would prove still harder to remove later, so he joined Zhao and broke Bu Fan between them. After Bu Fan fell, Erzhu Zhao was deeply grateful to Gao Huan and swore brotherhood with him. Erzhu Shilong, Dulü, and Yanbo held the court; Tianguang held the west, Zhao held Bing Province, and Zhongyuan held Dong Commandery—each tyrannized with armed force, and all under heaven groaned.
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葛榮衆流入幷、肆者二十餘萬，為契胡陵暴，皆不聊生，大小二十六反，誅夷者半，猶草竊不止。 兆患之，問計於神武。 神武曰：「六鎮反殘，不可盡殺，宜選王素腹心者私使統焉。 若有犯者，直罪其帥，則所罪者寡。」 兆曰：「善，誰可行也？」 賀拔允時在坐，請神武。 神武拳毆之，折其一齒，曰：「生平天柱時，奴輩伏處分如鷹犬，今日天下安置在王，而阿鞠泥敢誣下罔上，請殺之。」 兆以神武為誠，遂以委焉。 神武以兆醉，恐醒後或致疑貳，遂出，宣言受委統州鎮兵，可集汾東受令。 乃建牙陽曲川，陳部分。 有款軍門者，絳巾袍，自稱梗楊驛子，願廁左右。 訪之，則以力聞，常於幷州市搭殺人者，乃署為親信。 兵士素惡兆而樂神武，於是莫不皆至。 居無何，又使劉貴請兆，以幷、肆頻歲霜旱，降戶掘黃鼠而食之，皆面無穀色，徒汚人國土，請令就食山東，待溫飽而處分之。 兆從其議。 其長史慕容紹宗諫曰：「不可，今四方擾擾，人懷異望，況高公雄略，又握大兵，將不可為。」 兆曰：「香火重誓，何所慮也。」 紹宗曰：「親兄弟尚爾難信，何論香火！」 時兆左右已受神武金，因譖紹宗與神武舊有隙，兆乃禁紹宗而催神武發。 神武乃自晉陽出滏口。 路逢尒朱榮妻北鄉長公主，自洛陽來，馬三百匹，盡奪易之。 兆聞，乃釋紹宗而問焉。 紹宗曰：「猶掌握中物也。」 於是自追神武。 至襄垣，會漳水暴長，橋壞。 神武隔水拜曰：「所以借公主馬，非有他故，備山東盜耳。 王受公主言，自來賜追，今渡河而死不辭，此衆便叛。」 兆自陳無此意，因輕馬渡，與神武坐幕下，陳謝，遂授刀引頭，使神武斫己。 神武大哭曰：「自天柱薨背，賀六渾更何所仰，願大家千萬歲，以申力用。 今旁人構間至此，大家何忍復出此言！」 兆投刀於地，遂刑白馬而盟，誓為兄弟，留宿夜飲。 尉景伏壯士欲執兆，神武齧臂止之曰：「今殺之，其黨必奔歸聚結。 兵饑馬瘦，不可相支，若英雄崛起，則為害滋甚。 不如且置之。 兆雖勁捷，而凶狡無謀，不足圖也。」 旦日，兆歸營，又召神武，神武將上馬詣之，孫騰牽衣，乃止。 兆隔水肆罵，馳還晉陽。 兆心腹念賢領降戶家累別為營，神武偽與之善，觀其佩刀，因取之以殺其從者，從者盡散。 於是士衆咸悅，倍願附從。 初，魏真君內學者奏言上黨有天子氣，云在壺關大王山。 太武帝於是南巡以厭當之，累石為三封，斬其北鳳凰山，以毀其形。 後上黨人居晉陽者，號上黨坊，神武實居之。 及是行，舍大王山六旬而進。 將出滏口，倍加約束，纖毫之物，不聽侵犯。 將過麥地，神武輒步牽馬。 遠近聞之，皆稱高儀同將兵整肅，歸心焉。 遂前行，屯鄴，求糧相州刺史劉誕，誕不供。 有軍營租米，神武自取之。
More than two hundred thousand of Ge Rong's followers had drifted into Bing and Si; bullied by the Jie-Hu, they could scarcely survive. There were twenty-six rebellions, large and small; half the rebels were killed, yet brigandage never stopped. Erzhu Zhao was vexed by this and asked Gao Huan's counsel. Gao Huan said, "The Six Garrisons rebels cannot all be slaughtered. Send men you trust in private to command them. When crimes occur, punish only the commander, and few will suffer. Zhao said, "Well said—who should take it?" Heba Yun, who was present, named Gao Huan. Gao Huan struck him with his fist and broke a tooth, saying, "In the days of the Heavenly Pillar you crawled to his commands like hunting dogs. The realm now rests with you, my lord, yet this flatterer dares deceive you—I ask leave to kill him. Erzhu Zhao took Gao Huan for sincere and entrusted the command to him. While Zhao was drunk, Gao Huan feared he might afterward grow suspicious; he went out and proclaimed that, empowered to command the provincial garrisons, the troops were to assemble east of the Fen for orders. At Yangqu Stream he raised his headquarters banner and organized his divisions. A man in a red kerchief and robe came to the gate, calling himself the Gengyang relay runner, and asked to serve at Gao Huan's side. Inquiry showed he was famed for strength and had killed men in brawls at the Bingzhou market; Gao Huan made him a personal guard. The troops had long hated Erzhu Zhao and welcomed Gao Huan, so all rallied to him. Before long Gao Huan sent Liu Gui to ask Zhao: Bing and Si had suffered frost and drought for years; surrendered households dug out yellow rats to eat, faces gaunt and wasted. Let them move east to forage in Shandong and settle once they are fed, he urged. Zhao agreed. His chief secretary Murong Shaozong warned, "You cannot do this. The realm is in turmoil and men turn their hopes elsewhere; Gao Huan is ambitious and now commands a great army—this cannot stand. Zhao said, "We swore a blood oath at the incense altar—what is there to fear?" Shaozong replied, "Full brothers cannot trust each other—what use is a sworn oath?" By then Zhao's attendants had taken Gao Huan's gold and accused Shaozong of an old feud with Gao Huan; Zhao imprisoned Shaozong and pressed Gao Huan to march. Gao Huan marched out of Jinyang through Fukou Pass. On the road he met the Northern Xiangchang Princess, Erzhu Rong's widow, riding from Luoyang with three hundred horses—and seized every one. When Erzhu Zhao heard, he released Shaozong and asked his meaning. Shaozong said, "It is still something clasped in your palm. He set out in pursuit himself. At Xiangyuan the Zhang River had swollen and broken the bridge. Gao Huan bowed from across the water and said, "I took the princess's horses only to provision against bandits in the east. You came because of her complaint—but if I ford the river now and die, I will not refuse; this army will rebel. Zhao swore he meant no harm, rode across lightly, and sat with Gao Huan under the tent to apologize; he handed over a knife and offered his neck for Gao Huan to strike. Gao Huan wept and said, "Since the Heavenly Pillar died, Heiliuhun has no one else to serve. Live ten thousand years, my lord, that I may still put my strength at your use. Others have driven this wedge between us—how can you speak so again! Zhao cast the knife aside; they sacrificed a white horse and swore brotherhood again, staying up drinking through the night. Jing had hidden strong men ready to seize Zhao; Gao Huan bit his arm to stop him, saying, "Kill him now and his faction will scatter and regroup. Our troops are hungry and our horses spent—we cannot afford a split. If some hero rises, the harm will be worse. Better to leave him be for now. Zhao is fierce but witless—not worth plotting against. Next day Zhao returned to camp and summoned Gao Huan again; Gao Huan was about to ride to him, but Sun Teng seized his robe and held him back. Zhao cursed him from across the river and galloped back to Jinyang. Nianxian, a trusted man of Zhao's, camped apart with the families of surrendered households; Gao Huan feigned friendship, snatched the blade at his belt, and killed his escort—the rest scattered. The army rejoiced and rallied to him in greater numbers. In Emperor Taiwu's day, court scholars reported that Shangdang bore the aura of an emperor—at Dawang Mountain in Huguan. Emperor Taiwu marched south to suppress it, piled stones into three cairns, and cut down Northern Fenghuang Mountain to break its form. Later the Shangdang exiles at Jinyang lived in what was called Shangdang Ward—and Gao Huan had lived there. On this march he camped at Dawang Mountain for sixty days before advancing. Before leaving Fukou he tightened discipline sharply—not the smallest thing might be taken. Passing wheat fields, he always led his horse on foot. Near and far men praised Commandant Gao for his disciplined troops and gave him their hearts. He marched on and encamped at Ye, but Liu Dan, governor of Xiang Province, refused him grain. He took it himself from the military storehouses.
8
魏普泰元年二月，神武自軍次信都，高乾、封隆之開門以待，遂據冀州。 是月，尒朱度律廢元曄而立節閔帝，欲羈縻神武。 三月，乃白節閔帝，封神武為渤海王，徵使入覲。 神武辭。 四月癸巳，又加授東道大行臺、第一鎮人酋長。 龐蒼鷹自太原來奔，神武以為行臺郎，尋以為安州刺史。 神武自向山東，養士繕甲，禁侵掠，百姓歸心。 乃詐為書，言尒朱兆將以六鎮人配契胡為部曲，衆皆愁怨。 又為幷州符，徵兵討步落稽。 發萬人，將遣之，孫騰、尉景為請留五日，如此者再。 神武親送之郊，雪涕執別，人皆號慟，哭聲動地。 神武乃喻之曰：「與爾俱失鄉客，義同一家，不意在上乃爾徵召。 直向西已當死，後軍期又當死，配國人又當死，奈何！」 衆曰：「唯有反耳！」 神武曰：「反是急計，須推一人為主。」 衆願奉神武。 神武曰：「爾鄉里難制，不見葛榮乎？ 雖百萬衆，無刑法，終自灰滅。 今以吾為主，當與前異，不得欺漢兒，不得犯軍令，生死任吾則可，不爾不能為，取笑天下。」 衆皆頓顙，死生唯命。 神武曰若不得已。 明日，椎牛饗士，喻以討尒朱之意。 封隆之進曰：「千載一時，普天幸甚。」 神武曰：「討賊，大順也； 拯時，大業也。 吾雖不武，以死繼之，何敢讓焉！」
In the second month of Wei Putai 1 (531), Gao Huan halted at Xindu; Gao Gan and Feng Longzhi opened the gates, and he seized Ji Province. That month Erzhu Dulü deposed Yuan Ye and enthroned Emperor Jiemin, hoping to bind Gao Huan. In the third month he had Emperor Jiemin enfeoff Gao Huan as Prince of Bohai and summoned him to court. Gao Huan declined. On the guisi day of the fourth month he was further given Eastern Route Grand Chief and First Chief of the Garrison Peoples. Pang Cangying fled from Taiyuan; Gao Huan made him a chief's clerk, then governor of An Province. Turning east into Shandong, Gao Huan drilled troops and repaired armor, forbade pillaging, and won the people. He forged a letter claiming Erzhu Zhao would assign the Six Garrisons men to the Jie-Hu as retainers, and the army groaned with anger. He also forged a Bingzhou conscription order to fight the Buluoji. He called up ten thousand men to send away; Sun Teng and Jing twice asked for a five-day delay. Gao Huan escorted them to the suburbs himself, weeping as he took leave; the men wailed until the earth seemed to shake. Gao Huan told them, "We are all exiles from home, one family in name—I never thought they would summon you like this. March west and you die; miss the deadline and you die; be handed to the Jie-Hu and you die—what can we do? The men cried, "We can only rebel!" Gao Huan said, "Rebellion is the urgent move—but we must choose a leader. They wanted Gao Huan. Gao Huan said, "Your kind is hard to rule—have you forgotten Ge Rong? A million men, and without law he perished to nothing. Make me your leader and things will differ: no cheating Han subjects, no breaking army law. Give me your lives and I will lead you—or leave and be mocked by the realm. They bowed to the ground and pledged their lives to his command. Gao Huan said, "If there is no other way." Next day he slaughtered an ox to feast the troops and declared war on the Erzhu. Feng Longzhi came forward and said, "A moment that comes once in a thousand years—all heaven is fortunate. Gao Huan said, "Punishing these rebels is righteousness itself; saving the age is great endeavor. I am no warrior, but I will follow with my life—how could I refuse!"
9
六月庚子，建義於信都，尚未顯背尒朱氏。 及李元忠與高乾平殷州，斬尒朱羽生首來謁，神武撫膺曰：「今日反決矣。」 乃以元忠為殷州刺史。 是時兵威旣振，乃抗表罪狀尒朱氏。 世隆等秘表不通。 八月，尒朱兆攻陷殷州，李元忠來奔。 孫騰以為朝廷隔絕，不權立天子，則衆望無所系。 十月壬寅，奉章武王融子渤海太守朗為皇帝，年號中興，是為廢帝。 時度律、仲遠軍次陽平，尒朱兆會之。 神武用竇泰策，縱反間，度律、仲遠不戰而還。 神武乃敗兆於廣阿。 十一月，攻鄴，相州刺史劉誕嬰城固守。 神武起土山，為地道，往往建大柱，一時焚之，城陷入地。 麻祥時為湯陰令，神武呼之曰：「麻都！」 祥慚而逃。 永熙元年正月壬午，拔鄴城，據之。 廢帝進神武大丞相、柱國大將軍、太師。 是時青州建義，大都督崔靈珍、大都督耿翔皆遣使歸附。 行汾州事劉貴棄城來降。 閏三月，尒朱天光自長安、兆自幷州、度律自洛陽、仲遠自東郡同會鄴，衆號二十萬，挾洹水而軍，節閔以長孫承業為大行臺總督焉。 神武令封隆之守鄴，自出頓紫陌。 時馬不滿二千，步兵不至三萬，衆寡不敵。 乃於韓陵為圓陣，連牛驢以塞歸道，於是將士皆有死志，四面赴擊之。 尒朱兆責神武以背己，神武曰：「本戮力者，共輔王室，今帝何在？」 兆曰：「永安枉害天柱，我報讐耳。」 神武曰：「我昔日親聞天柱計，汝在戶前立，豈得言不反邪？ 且以君殺臣，何報之有？ 今日義絕矣。」 乃合戰，大敗之。 尒朱兆對慕容紹宗叩心曰：「不用公言，以至於此！」 將輕走。 紹宗反旗鳴角，收聚散卒，成軍容而西上。 高季式以七騎追奔，度野馬崗，與兆遇。 高昂望之不見，哭曰：「喪吾弟矣！」 夜久，季式還，血滿袖。 斛斯椿倍道先據河橋。 初，普泰元年十月，歲星、熒惑、鎮星、太白聚於觜，參色甚明。 太史占云當有王者興。 是時神武起於信都，至是而破兆等。 四月，斛斯椿執天光、度律送洛陽。 長孫承業遣都督賈顯智、張歡入洛陽，執世隆、彥伯斬之。 兆奔幷州。 仲遠奔梁州，遂死焉。 時凶蠹旣除，朝廷慶悅。 初，未戰之前月，章武人張紹夜中忽被數騎將踰城，至一大將軍前，敕紹為軍導向鄴，云佐受命者除殘賊。 紹迴視之，兵不測，整疾無聲。 將至鄴，乃放焉。 及戰之日，尒朱氏軍人見陣外士馬四合，蓋神助也。
On the gengzi day of the sixth month he raised the banner at Xindu, not yet openly breaking with the Erzhu. When Li Yuanzhong and Gao Gan took Yin Province and brought Erzhu Yusheng's head, Gao Huan struck his breast and said, "Today the break is made. He appointed Yuanzhong governor of Yin Province. His army's strength now shown, he submitted a memorial denouncing the Erzhu clan. Shilong and the rest suppressed the memorial and never forwarded it. In the eighth month Erzhu Zhao took Yin Province and Li Yuanzhong fled to Gao Huan. Sun Teng argued that with the court cut off, only a provisional emperor could hold men's hopes. On the renyin day of the tenth month they enthroned Lang, son of Prince Zhangwu Rong and governor of Bohai, as emperor under the era Zhongxing—the later Deposed Emperor. Dulü and Zhongyuan halted at Yangping, and Erzhu Zhao joined them. Using Dou Tai's counsel, Gao Huan spread discord and Dulü and Zhongyuan withdrew without fighting. Gao Huan then defeated Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a. In the eleventh month he attacked Ye; Liu Dan, governor of Xiang Province, barred the gates and held firm. Gao Huan built earthworks and dug tunnels, propping them with great pillars that he burned at once—the walls collapsed into the earth. Ma Xiang was magistrate of Tangyin; Gao Huan called out, "Prefect Ma! Ashamed, Xiang fled. On the renwu day of the first month of Yongxi 1 (532), he took Ye and held it. The Deposed Emperor promoted Gao Huan to Grand Chancellor, Pillar-of-State Grand General, and Grand Preceptor. At the same time Qing Province rose in rebellion; Grand Commanders Cui Lingzhen and Geng Xiang both sent envoys to submit. Liu Gui, who was administering Fen Province, abandoned his post and surrendered. In the intercalary third month Erzhu Tianguang marched from Chang'an, Zhao from Bing Province, Dulü from Luoyang, and Zhongyuan from Dong Commandery to meet at Ye with a force said to number two hundred thousand. They camped along the Huan River while Emperor Jiemin put Changsun Chengye in overall command as Grand Eastern Chief. Gao Huan left Feng Longzhi to hold Ye and marched out to encamp at Zimo. He had fewer than two thousand horse and not thirty thousand foot—the odds were impossible. At Hanling he formed a ring formation and chained oxen and donkeys to block retreat. Officers and men alike resolved to die, then struck from every side. Erzhu Zhao accused Gao Huan of betrayal. Gao Huan said, "We joined forces to serve the throne—where is the emperor now? Zhao said, "Emperor Yong'an wrongly killed the Heavenly Pillar. I am only avenging him. Gao Huan said, "I heard the Heavenly Pillar's plan myself—you stood at the gate. Can you say you never meant to rebel? When a lord kills his minister, what vengeance is owed? Today our bond of righteousness is broken. They joined battle and routed him utterly. Erzhu Zhao clutched his chest before Murong Shaozong and cried, "Had I listened to you, this would never have happened! He was about to flee with a light escort. Shaozong reversed the banners and sounded the horns, rallied the scattered troops, restored order, and marched west. Gao Jishi pursued with seven riders, crossed Yema Ridge, and met Zhao. Gao Ao looked and could not see him; he wept and said, "I have lost my brother! Late that night Jishi returned, his sleeves drenched in blood. Husi Chun raced ahead by forced marches and seized the River Bridge first. Earlier, in the tenth month of Wei Putai 1 (531), Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, and Venus gathered at Zi and Shen, shining with unusual brilliance. The court astronomers divined that a true king would rise. Gao Huan had risen at Xindu—and by now he had broken Zhao and the rest. In the fourth month Husi Chun seized Tianguang and Dulü and sent them to Luoyang. Changsun Chengye sent commanders Jia Xianzhi and Zhang Huan into Luoyang to seize Shilong and Yanbo and behead them. Zhao fled to Bing Province. Zhongyuan fled to Liang Province and died there. With the wicked eliminated, the court rejoiced. Before the battle, in the month prior, Zhang Shao of Zhangwu was seized at night by several horsemen who carried him over the wall to a great general. He was ordered to guide the army toward Ye for one who had received Heaven's mandate to destroy the wicked. Shao looked back—the host was beyond counting, marching in perfect silence. Nearing Ye, they released him. On the day of battle Erzhu soldiers saw horsemen closing in from every side of the field—Heaven's aid, men said.
10
旣而神武至洛陽，廢節閔及中興主而立孝武。 孝武旣卽位，授神武大丞相、天柱大將軍、太師、世襲定州刺史，增封並前十五萬戶。 神武辭天柱，減戶五萬。 壬辰，還鄴，魏帝餞於乾脯山，執手而別。
Soon Gao Huan reached Luoyang, deposed Emperor Jiemin and the Zhongxing emperor, and enthroned Emperor Xiaowu. Once enthroned, Emperor Xiaowu made Gao Huan Grand Chancellor, Pillar-of-State Grand General, Grand Preceptor, and hereditary governor of Ding Province, raising his fief to one hundred fifty thousand households in all. Gao Huan declined the Pillar-of-State title and surrendered fifty thousand households. On the renchen day he returned to Ye; the Wei emperor saw him off at Ganfu Mountain, clasping hands in parting.
11
七月壬寅，神武帥師北伐尒朱兆。 封隆之言：「侍中斛斯椿、賀拔勝、賈顯智等往事尒朱，普皆反噬，今在京師，寵任，必構禍隙。」 神武深以為然，乃歸天光、度律於京師，斬之。 遂自滏口入。 尒朱兆大掠晉陽，北保秀容。 幷州平。 神武以晉陽四塞，乃建大丞相府而定居焉。 尒朱兆旣至秀容，分兵守險，出入寇抄。 神武揚聲討之，師出止者數四，兆意怠。 神武揣其歲首當宴會，遣竇泰以精騎馳之，一日一夜行三百里，神武以大軍繼之。 二年正月，竇泰奄至尒朱兆庭。 軍人因宴休惰，忽見泰軍，驚走。 追破之於赤洪嶺。 兆自縊，神武親臨厚葬之。 慕容紹宗以尒朱榮妻子及餘衆自保烏突城，降，神武以義故，待之甚厚。
On the renyin day of the seventh month Gao Huan led his army north against Erzhu Zhao. Feng Longzhi said, "Palace Attendants Husi Chun, Helü Sheng, and Jia Xianzhi once served the Erzhu and all turned on their masters. Now favored in the capital, they will surely sow discord. Gao Huan took this to heart and sent Tianguang and Dulü back to the capital to be executed. He then entered through Fekou Pass. Erzhu Zhao plundered Jinyang and retreated north to hold Xiurong. Bing Province was pacified. Because Jinyang was walled in on four sides, Gao Huan built his Grand Chancellor's headquarters there and made it his base. At Xiurong Zhao split his forces to hold the passes and raided back and forth. Gao Huan loudly proclaimed he would attack, yet his army marched out and halted four times, until Zhao grew careless. Guessing Zhao would be feasting at the New Year, Gao Huan sent Dou Tai with elite cavalry at a gallop—three hundred li in a day and a night—and followed with the main army. In the first month of the second year Dou Tai suddenly arrived at Erzhu Zhao's headquarters. The troops were drunk and idle from feasting; seeing Dou Tai's army they fled in panic. He pursued and broke them at Chihong Ridge. Zhao hanged himself; Gao Huan came in person and gave him a lavish burial. Murong Shaozong held Wutu City with Erzhu Rong's family and the remnants; he surrendered, and for old righteousness's sake Gao Huan treated him with great generosity.
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神武之入洛也，尒朱仲遠部下都督橋甯、張子期自滑臺歸命，神武以其助亂，且數反覆，皆斬之。 斛斯椿由是內不自安，乃與南陽王寶炬及武衛將軍元毗、魏光、王思政構神武於魏帝。 舍人元士弼又奏神武受敕大不敬。 故魏帝心貳於賀拔岳。 初，孝明之時，洛下以兩拔相擊，謠言曰：「銅拔打鐵拔，元家世將末。」 好事者以二拔謂拓拔、賀拔，言俱將衰敗之兆。 時司空高乾密啟神武，言魏帝之貳，神武封呈。 魏帝殺之，又遣東徐州刺史潘紹業密勑長樂太守龐蒼鷹令殺其弟昂。 昂先聞其兄死，以矟刺柱，伏壯士執紹業於路，得敕書於袍領，來奔。 神武抱其首，哭曰：「天子枉害司空！」 遽使以白武幡勞其家屬。 時乾次弟慎在光州，為政嚴猛，又從部下取納，魏帝使代之。 慎聞難，將奔梁。 其屬曰：「公家勳重，必不兄弟相及。」 乃弊衣推鹿車歸渤海。 逢使者，亦來奔。 於是魏帝與神武隙矣。
When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, commanders Qiao Ning and Zhang Ziqi of Erzhu Zhongyuan's force submitted from Huatai. Gao Huan beheaded them for aiding rebellion and for repeated treachery. Husi Chun was inwardly ill at ease; with Prince Nanyang Baoqu and Military Guard Generals Yuan Pi, Wei Guang, and Wang Sizheng he slandered Gao Huan to the Wei emperor. Palace Attendant Yuan Shibi also memorialized that Gao Huan had shown great disrespect in receiving imperial edicts. Thus the Wei emperor turned his heart toward Helü Yue. Earlier, in Emperor Xiaoming's day, Luoyang folk struck two daggers together, and a song ran: "Bronze dagger strikes iron dagger—the Yuan clan's great generals will end. The curious took the two daggers to mean Tuoba and Helü—both clans, they said, were doomed to fall. Minister of Works Gao Qian secretly warned Gao Huan that the emperor's heart was divided; Gao Huan sealed the letter and forwarded it. The Wei emperor had him killed and secretly ordered East Xuzhou governor Pan Shaoye to tell Changle governor Pang Cangying to kill his younger brother Gao Ao. Ao had already heard of his brother's death. He drove his spear into a pillar, set strong men to seize Shaoye on the road, found the secret edict in his robe collar, and fled to Gao Huan. Gao Huan clasped his head and wept, saying, "The Son of Heaven wrongly killed the Minister of Works! He at once sent the white martial banner to condole with his family. Gao Qian's next-youngest brother Shen was in Guang Province, governing with harsh severity and taking bribes from his subordinates; the Wei emperor sent someone to replace him. Shen heard of the trouble and was about to flee to Liang. His followers said, "Your family's merit is great—they will surely not punish brothers together. He put on shabby clothes, pushed a deer cart, and returned to Bohai. He met the imperial envoy on the road and fled to Gao Huan as well. The breach between the Wei emperor and Gao Huan was now complete.
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阿至羅虜正光以前常稱藩，自魏朝多事，皆叛。 神武遣使招納，便附款。 先是，詔以寇賊平，罷行臺。 至是，以殊俗歸降，復授神武大行臺，隨機處分。 神武常賚其粟帛，議者以為徒費無益，神武不從，撫慰如初。 其酋帥吐陳等感恩，皆從指麾，救曹泥，取万俟受洛干，大收其用。 河西費也頭虜紇豆陵伊利居河池，恃險擁衆，神武遣長史侯景屢招不從。
The Azhiluo barbarians had regularly paid tribute before Zhengguang; once the Wei court fell into turmoil, they all rebelled. Gao Huan sent envoys to summon them and they at once submitted. Earlier an edict had dissolved the Eastern Headquarters because the rebels were pacified. Now, because distant peoples had submitted, Gao Huan was again given the Grand Eastern Headquarters with discretion to act as needed. Gao Huan regularly bestowed grain and cloth on them; advisers called it wasted expense, but he would not listen and continued to comfort them as before. Their chieftains such as Tuchen were grateful and obeyed every order—rescuing Cao Ni and taking Moqi Shouluogan—proving of great use. The Feiyetou barbarian of Hexi, Qidouling Yili, held Hechi behind strong terrain with a great following; Gao Huan's chief secretary Hou Jing repeatedly summoned him, but he would not submit.
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全文以中華書局、一九七二年十一月、第一版《北齊書》為本校。
This text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju first edition of the Book of Northern Qi (November 1972).