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神武下
Emperor Shenwu, Part Two
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天平元年正月壬辰，神武西伐費也頭虜紇豆陵伊利於河西，滅之，遷其部於河東。
In Tianping 1 (534), on renchen day of the first month, Gao Huan marched west against Qidouling Yili of the Feiyetou beyond the River, destroyed him, and resettled his people in Hedong.
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二月，永寧寺九層浮圖災。 旣而人有從東萊至，云及海上人咸見之於海中，俄而霧起乃滅。 說者以為天意若曰：永甯見災，魏不寧矣； 飛入東海，渤海應矣。
In the second month the nine-story pagoda of Yongning Temple burned. Soon a traveler from Donglai reported that people all along the coast had seen it in the sea; then mist rose and it disappeared. Commentators read heaven's message thus: Yongning burns, and Wei will know no peace; it flew east into the sea, and Bohai shall answer.
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魏帝旣有異圖，時侍中封隆之與孫騰私言，隆之喪妻，魏帝欲妻以妹。 騰亦未之信，心害隆之，泄其言於斛斯椿。 椿以白魏帝。 又孫騰帶仗入省，擅殺御史。 並亡來奔。 稱魏帝撾舍人梁續於前，光祿少卿元子幹攘臂擊之，謂騰曰：「語爾高王，元家兒拳正如此。」 領軍婁昭辭疾歸晉陽。 魏帝於是以斛斯椿兼領軍，分置督將及河南、關西諸刺史。 華山王鷙在徐州，神武使邸珍奪其管籥。 建州刺史韓賢、濟州刺史蔡儁皆神武同義，魏帝忌之。 故省建州以去賢，使御史中尉綦儁察儁罪，以開府賈顯智為濟州。 儁拒之，魏帝逾怒。
The Eastern Wei emperor already nursed secret designs. Attending Minister Feng Longzhi spoke privately with Sun Teng; Longzhi's wife had died, and the emperor wished to give him his sister in marriage. Sun Teng did not wholly believe it, but resented Longzhi and betrayed the conversation to Husi Chun. Husi Chun reported it to the emperor. Sun Teng had also entered the palace precinct armed and killed a censor on his own authority. Both fled north to Gao Huan. They reported that the emperor had beaten Attendant Liang Xu before the court and that Vice Director of the Imperial Household Yuan Zigan had struck the emperor, telling Sun Teng, "Tell your King of Gao that a Yuan fist is just like this. Campaign Commander-in-Chief Lou Zhao pleaded illness and returned to Jinyang. The emperor thereupon appointed Husi Chun acting campaign commander-in-chief and posted supervisory generals and governors across Henan and the Guanxi region. Prince Huashan Zhi was holding Xuzhou; Gao Huan sent Di Zhen to strip him of command. Han Xian of Jian Province and Cai Jun of Ji Province had sworn fellowship with Gao Huan, and the emperor resented them. He abolished Jian Province to remove Han Xian, sent Censor-in-Chief Qi Jun to investigate Cai Jun, and appointed Palace Opener Jia Xianzhi inspector of Ji. Cai Jun refused, and the emperor's anger only mounted.
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五月下詔，云將征句吳，發河南諸州兵，增宿衛，守河橋。 六月丁巳，魏帝密詔神武曰：「宇文黑獺自平破秦、隴，多求非分，脫有變詐，事資經略。 但表啟未全背戾，進討事涉怱怱，遂召群臣，議其可否。 僉言假稱南伐，內外戒嚴，一則防黑獺不虞，二則可威吳楚。」 時魏帝將伐神武，神武部署將帥，慮疑，故有此詔。 神武乃表曰：「荊州綰接蠻左，密邇畿服，關隴恃遠，將有逆圖。 臣今潛勒兵馬三萬，擬從河東而渡； 又遣恒州刺史厙狄干、瀛州刺史郭瓊、汾州刺史斛律金、前武衛將軍彭樂擬兵四萬，從其來違津渡； 遣領軍將軍婁昭、相州刺史竇泰、前瀛州刺史堯雄、幷州刺史高隆之擬兵五萬，以討荊州； 遣冀州刺史尉景、前冀州刺史高敖曹、濟州刺史蔡俊、前侍中封隆之擬山東兵七萬、突騎五萬，以征江左。 皆約所部，伏聽處分。」 魏帝知覺其變，乃出神武表，命群官議之，欲止神武諸軍。 神武乃集在州僚佐，令其博議，還以表聞。 仍以信誓自明忠款曰：「臣為嬖佞所間，陛下一旦賜疑，今倡狂之罪，尒朱時討。 臣若不盡誠竭節，敢負陛下，則使身受天殃，子孫殄絕。 陛下若垂信赤心，使干戈不動，佞臣一二人願斟量廢出。」 辛未，帝復錄在京文武議意以答神武，使舍人溫子昇草勑。 子昇逡巡未敢作，帝據胡床，拔劍作色。 子升乃為勑曰：
In the fifth month an edict announced a campaign against Wu, mobilizing troops from the Henan provinces, strengthening the palace guard, and guarding the River Bridge. On dingsi in the sixth month the emperor secretly wrote Gao Huan: "Since Yuwen Heitai pacified Qin and Long he has demanded ever more; should he play false, the matter will require deliberate handling. But his memorials have not yet turned outright defiant, and a swift advance would be rash—I have summoned the ministers to weigh the matter. All said to feign a southern campaign and put the realm on alert—first to guard against Heitai's surprises, second to overawe Wu and Chu. At the time the emperor was preparing to move against Gao Huan; Gao Huan had already deployed commanders and, fearing suspicion, prompted this edict. Gao Huan memorialized in reply: "Jing Province borders the barbarian south and lies close to the capital; Guan and Long, trusting in their distance, are plotting rebellion. I have quietly mustered thirty thousand troops and plan to cross from Hedong; I have dispatched Kudiligan of Heng Province, Guo Qiong of Ying, Helü Jin of Fen, and former Wuwei General Peng Le with forty thousand to cross at Laiwei Ford; Campaign Commander Lou Zhao, Xiang Inspector Dou Tai, former Ying Inspector Yao Xiong, and Bing Inspector Gao Longzhi with fifty thousand to strike Jing Province; Wei Jing of Ji, former Ji Inspector Gao Aocao, Ji Inspector Cai Jun, and former Attending Minister Feng Longzhi with seventy thousand eastern troops and fifty thousand shock cavalry to campaign on the Jiang Left. All await hidden orders from my command. The emperor saw through the shift, produced Gao Huan's memorial, ordered the court to debate it, and sought to halt all his armies. Gao Huan summoned his provincial staff, had them debate the matter at length, and reported back by memorial. He also pledged his loyalty with an oath: "Favored sycophants have set Your Majesty against me; the charge of rebellion was settled when the Erzhu were destroyed. If I am not utterly loyal and fail Your Majesty, may heaven punish my body and cut off my line. If Your Majesty will trust my loyal heart and keep swords sheathed, I ask that one or two sycophants be weighed and dismissed. On xinwei the emperor recorded the opinions of officials at the capital to answer Gao Huan and ordered Attendant Wen Zisheng to draft the reply. Zisheng hesitated, afraid to write; the emperor gripped his folding chair, drew his sword, and darkened his face. Zisheng then drafted the edict:
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前持心血，遠以示王，深冀彼此共相體悉，而不良之徒坐生間貳。 近孫騰倉卒向彼，致使聞者疑有異謀，故遣御史中尉綦儁具申朕懷。 今得王啟，言誓懇惻，反覆思之，猶所未解。 以朕眇身，遇王武略，不勞尺刃，坐為天子，所謂生我者父母，貴我者高王。 今若無事背王。 規相攻討，則使身及子孫，還如王誓。 皇天后土，實聞此言。
I sent you my heartfelt pledge from afar, hoping we might understand each other—but wicked men have bred division between us. Sun Teng's recent flight has made men suspect conspiracy, so I sent Censor-in-Chief Qi Jun to make my mind plain. Your memorial is earnest and moving, yet the more I turn it over the less I understand. By your martial power this slight person became emperor without drawing a blade—as men say, my parents gave me life, and the King of Gao gave me the throne. If I now turn against you without cause, and plot war against you, let my body and line pay as your oath foretold. Heaven and Earth bear witness.
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近慮宇文為亂，賀拔勝應之，故纂嚴，欲與王俱為聲援。 宇文今日使者相望，觀其所為，更無異跡。 賀拔在南，開拓邊境，為國立功，念無可責。 君若欲分討，何以為辭？ 東南不賓，為日已久，先朝已來，置之度外。 今天下戶口減半，未宜窮兵極武。
Fearing Yuwen's rebellion and Helü Sheng's response, I ordered alert and meant to support you. Yuwen's envoys come and go without pause, and I see no sign of treachery. Helü Sheng in the south has opened the frontier and served the state—on reflection, nothing warrants blame. If you wish to march separately, what pretext can you offer? The southeast has long withheld submission, and former courts put it beyond reckoning. Registered households are half what they were—the realm cannot bear endless war.
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朕旣暗昧，不知佞人是誰，可列其姓名，令朕知也。 如聞厙狄干語王云：「本欲取懦弱者為主，王無事立此長君，使其不可駕御，今但作十五日行，自可廢之，更立餘者。」 如此議論，自是王間勳人，豈出佞臣之口？ 去歲封隆之背叛，今年孫騰逃走，不罪不送，誰不怪王！ 騰旣為禍始，曾無愧懼，王若事君盡誠，何不斬送二首。 王雖啟圖西去，而四道俱進，或欲南度洛陽，或欲東臨江左，言之者猶應自怪，聞之者寧能不疑？ 王若守誠不貳，晏然居北，在此雖有百萬之衆，終無圖彼之心。 王脫信邪棄義，舉旗南指，縱無匹馬只輪，猶欲奮空拳而爭死。 朕本寡德，王已立之，百姓無知，或謂實可。 若為他所圖，則彰朕之惡，假令還為王殺，幽辱齏粉，了無遺恨。 何者？ 王旣以德見推，以義見舉，一朝背德舍義，便是過有所歸。 本望君臣一體，若合符契，不圖今日，分疏到此。 古語云：「越人射我，笑而道之； 吾兄射我，泣而道之。」 朕旣親王，情如兄弟，所以投筆拊膺，不覺歔欷。
I am myself dim—I do not know which men you mean; name them that I may know. I hear Kudiligan told you, "We meant to put a weakling on the throne; you for nothing raised this elder emperor so he cannot be controlled—march fifteen days and he can be deposed and another set up. Such talk comes from your own chief followers—how could it come from a sycophant's mouth? Feng Longzhi rebelled last year and Sun Teng fled this year—you neither punish nor surrender them—who does not wonder at you! Teng began the trouble yet feels no shame—if you are wholly loyal, why not send me both their heads? Though you speak of marching west, four columns advance together—some toward Luoyang, some toward the Jiang Left. Even the speakers must find it strange; how can hearers not suspect? If you keep faith and rest quietly in the north, though I have a million men I shall never plot against you. If you cast faith aside and march south, though not a horse or wheel remain to me I would still fight with empty fists to the death. I lack virtue myself; you raised me to the throne, and ignorant common folk may say it was fitting. If another plots against me, my wickedness is exposed; and if you kill me, disgraced and broken, I shall have no regret. Why? You raised me by virtue and righteousness—to turn against both in a morning is to place blame where it belongs. I hoped we would be as one, matched like seal halves—I never thought we would come to this estrangement. An old saying runs, "If a man of Yue shoots me, I laugh and speak of it; if my elder brother shoots me, I weep and speak of it. You are kin to me, my feeling toward you like a brother's—writing this I cast down my brush and beat my breast and weep without knowing it.
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初，神武自京師將北，以為洛陽久經喪亂，王氣衰盡，雖有山河之固，土地褊狹，不如鄴，請遷都。 魏帝曰：「高祖定鼎河洛，為永永之基，經營制度，至世宗乃畢。 王旣功在社稷，宜遵太和舊事。」 神武奉詔，至是復謀焉。 遣三千騎鎮建興，益河東及濟州兵，於白溝虜船不聽向洛，諸州和糴粟運入鄴城。 魏帝又勑神武曰：「王若厭伏人情，杜絕物議，唯有歸河東之兵，罷建興之戍，送相州之粟，追濟州之軍，令蔡儁受代，使邸珍出徐，止戈散馬，各事家業。 脫須糧廩，別遣轉輸，則讒人結舌，疑悔不生。 王高枕太原，朕垂拱京洛，終不舉足渡河，以干戈相指。 王若馬首南向，問鼎輕重，朕雖無武，欲止不能，必為社稷宗廟出萬死之策。 決在於王，非朕能定，為山止簣，相為惜之。」 魏帝時以任祥為兼尚書左僕射，加開府，祥棄官走至河北，據郡待神武。 魏帝乃勑文武官北來者任去留，下詔罪狀神武，為北伐經營。 神武亦勒馬宣告曰：「孤遇尒朱擅權，舉大義於四海，奉戴主上，義貫幽明。 橫為斛斯椿讒構，以誠節為逆首。 昔趙鞅興晉陽之甲，誅君側惡人，今者南邁，誅椿而已。」 以高昂為前鋒，曰：「若用司空言，豈有今日之舉！」 司馬子如答神武曰：「本欲立小者，正為此耳。」
When Gao Huan was leaving the capital for the north he judged that Luoyang, long ravaged by war, had exhausted its royal aura; though fortified by river and mountain its lands were cramped—and Ye was better. He asked to move the capital. The emperor said, "Great Ancestor established the throne at He-Luo as an everlasting foundation; its institutions were completed only under Emperor Shizong. Your merit lies in the altars of state—you should follow the Tahe precedents. Gao Huan obeyed; now he raised the plan again. He posted three thousand horsemen at Jianxing, reinforced Hedong and Ji, seized boats at Baigou and barred passage toward Luoyang, and had the provinces buy and ship grain into Ye. The emperor wrote again: "If you wish to quiet rumor and end suspicion, return Hedong's troops, dismiss the Jianxing garrison, send Xiang Province's grain, recall Ji's army, replace Cai Jun, withdraw Di Zhen from Xu, sheathe swords and disperse horses, and let each man return home. If you need grain, send it separately—then slanderers will fall silent and doubt will vanish. You may rest easy in Taiyuan; I shall rule at Luoyang—we shall never cross the river against each other. If you turn south to contest the throne, though I am no warrior and wish to stop, I cannot—I must for altar and temple stake my life. The choice is yours, not mine—to stop a mountain one basket short of completion, let us pity what we lose. Meanwhile Ren Xiang, acting Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing with Palace Opener rank, abandoned his post, fled to Hebei, and held a commandery awaiting Gao Huan. The emperor ordered northern officials to choose stay or go, published an indictment of Gao Huan, and prepared for northern campaign. Gao Huan reined in his horse and proclaimed, "When the Erzhu usurped power I raised righteousness throughout the realm and set the sovereign on the throne—righteousness binding dark and light. Husi Chun has slandered me and made loyalty into treason. Once Zhao Yang raised the hosts of Jinyang to purge evil beside the throne—today's march south is only to purge Husi Chun. He made Gao Aocao vanguard, saying, "Had we followed the Minister of Works, we would never have come to this! Sima Ziru answered Gao Huan, "We meant to put a lesser man on the throne—this is exactly why."
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魏帝徵兵關右，召賀拔勝赴行在所，遣大行台長孫承業、大都督潁川王斌之、斛斯椿共鎮武牢，汝陽王暹鎮石濟，行台長孫子彥帥前恒農太守元洪略鎮陝，賈顯智率豫州刺史斛斯元壽伐蔡儁。 神武使竇泰與左廂大都督莫多婁貸文逆顯智，韓賢逆暹。 元壽軍降。 泰、貸文與顯智遇於長壽津，顯智陰約降，引軍退。 軍司元玄覺之，馳還。 請益師。 魏帝遣大都督侯幾紹赴之。 戰於滑台東，顯智以軍降，紹死之。
The emperor mobilized Guanxi, summoned Helü Sheng to the mobile court, posted Grand Eastern Headquarters Changsun Chengye, Grand Commander Prince Yingchuan Binzhi, and Husi Chun at Wulao, Prince Ruyang Xian at Shiji, Eastern Headquarters chief Changsun Ziyan with former Hengnong Administrator Yuan Honglue at Shan, and Jia Xianzhi with Yu Inspector Husi Yuanshou against Cai Jun. Gao Huan sent Dou Tai and Left Wing Grand Commander Modou Lou Daiwen against Jia Xianzhi, and Han Xian against Prince Xian. Husi Yuanshou's force surrendered. Dou Tai and Daiwen met Jia Xianzhi at Changshou Ford; Xianzhi secretly agreed to surrender and withdrew his troops. Army Administrator Yuan Xuan noticed and raced back. He asked for reinforcements. The emperor sent Grand Commander Hou Jinshao to his aid. They fought east of Huatai; Jia Xianzhi surrendered with his army and Hou Jinshao was killed.
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七月，魏帝躬率大衆屯河橋。 神武至河北十餘里，再遣口申誠款，魏帝不報。 神武乃引軍渡河。 魏帝問計於羣臣，或云南依賀拔勝，或云西就關中，或云守洛口死戰。 未決。 而元斌之與斛斯椿爭權不睦，斌之棄椿徑還，紿帝云：「神武兵至。」 卽日，魏帝遜於長安。 己酉，神武入洛陽，停於永寧寺。
In the seventh month the emperor personally led a great host to the River Bridge. Gao Huan, reaching south of the River, sent envoys again to declare his loyalty; the emperor did not answer. Gao Huan then crossed the river with his army. The emperor asked his ministers: some said to join Helü Sheng in the south, some to flee west to Guanzhong, some to hold Luokou and fight to the death. No decision was reached. Yuan Binzhi and Husi Chun quarreled for power; Binzhi abandoned Chun and rode straight back, telling the emperor falsely, "Gao Huan's army has arrived. That same day the emperor withdrew to Chang'an. On jiyou Gao Huan entered Luoyang and lodged at Yongning Temple.
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八月甲寅，召集百官，謂曰：「為臣奉主，匡救危亂，若處不諫爭，出不陪隨，緩則耽寵爭榮，急便逃竄，臣節安在？」 遂收開府儀同三司叱列延慶、兼尚書左僕射辛雄、兼吏部尚書崔孝芬、都官尚書劉廞、兼度支尚書楊機、散騎常侍元士弼並殺之，誅其貳也。 士弼籍沒家口。 神武以萬機不可曠廢，乃與百僚議以清河王亶為大司馬，居尚書下舍而承制決事焉。 王稱警蹕，神武丑之。 神武尋至恒農，遂西剋潼關，執毛洪賓。 進軍長城，龍門都督薛崇禮降。 神武退舍河東，命行台尚書長史薛瑜守潼關，大都督庫狄溫守封陵。 於蒲津西岸築城，守華州，以薛紹宗為刺史，高昂行豫州事。 神武自發晉陽，至此凡四十啟，魏帝皆不答。
On jiayin in the eighth month he summoned the officials and said, "As ministers serving a sovereign, to rescue peril and disorder—if in quiet you do not remonstrate, in crisis you do not attend, at ease you scramble for favor and glory, in danger you flee—where is ministerial integrity? He then arrested and executed Chilie Yanqing, Xin Xiong, Cui Xiaofen, Liu Yin, Yang Ji, and Yuan Shibi—punishing their treason. Yuan Shibi's household was confiscated. State business could not stand idle; Gao Huan consulted the officials and made Prince of Qinghe Yuan Dan Grand Marshal, lodging in the ministers' lower quarters to receive orders and govern. The prince spoke as though already an emperor on procession; Gao Huan took offense. Gao Huan soon reached Hengnong, stormed Tong Pass to the west, and captured Mao Hongbin. As he advanced on Changcheng, Longmen Inspector Xue Chongli surrendered. Gao Huan withdrew to Hedong and ordered Xue Yu to hold Tong Pass and Kudi Wen to hold Fengling. On the west bank of Pujin he built a fortress and held Hua Province, appointing Xue Shaozong governor and putting Gao Ao in charge of Yuzhou. From the day he left Jinyang, Gao Huan had sent forty memorials; the Wei Emperor answered not one.
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九月庚寅，神武還於洛陽，乃遣僧道榮奉表關中，又不答。 乃集百僚四門耆老，議所推立。 以為自孝昌喪亂，國統中絕，神主靡依，昭穆失序。 永安以孝文為伯考，永熙遷孝明於夾室，業喪祚短，職此之由。 遂議立清河王世子善見。 議定，白清河王。 王曰：「天子無父，苟使兒立，不惜餘生。」 乃立之，是為孝靜帝。 魏於是始分為二。
On the gengyin day of the ninth month Gao Huan returned to Luoyang and sent the monk Daorong with a memorial to Guanzhong; again there was no reply. He gathered officials and elders at the Four Gates to decide whom to enthrone. They held that since the Xiaochang upheaval the imperial line had broken, the ancestral tablets stood orphaned, and the order of the temple was lost. Under Yongan, Emperor Xiaowen was made a collateral ancestor; under Yongxi, Emperor Xiaoming was moved to a side chamber—the realm lost its mandate and reigns were cut short for this reason. They resolved to install Shan Jian, heir of the Prince of Qinghe. When the choice was settled they informed the Prince of Qinghe. The prince said, "An emperor has no father; if my son is to reign, I count the rest of my life as nothing. The boy was enthroned as Emperor Xiaojing. Wei was thus split in two.
14
神武以孝武旣西，恐逼崤、陝，洛陽復在河外，接近梁境，如向晉陽，形勢不能相接，乃議遷鄴，護軍祖瑩贊焉。 詔下三日，車駕便發，戶四十萬狼狽就道。 神武留洛陽部分，事畢還晉陽。 自是軍國政務，皆歸相府。 先是童謠曰：「可憐青雀子，飛來鄴城裏，羽翮垂欲成，化作鸚鵡子。」 好事者竊言，雀子謂魏帝清河王子，鸚鵡謂神武也。
With Emperor Xiaowu gone west, Gao Huan feared pressure on the Xiao and Shan passes; Luoyang lay south of the river and hard against Liang territory, and the route to Jinyang could not be held together—he proposed moving the capital to Ye, and Zu Ying approved. Three days after the edict the court set out; four hundred thousand households stumbled onto the road in disorder. Gao Huan stayed in Luoyang to settle affairs, then returned to Jinyang. From then on military and civil affairs all passed to the chancellor's office. A children's song had run, "Pity the green sparrow fledgling, flying into Ye; wings nearly grown, it turns into a parrot fledgling. Gossip said the sparrow meant the Qinghe prince who became emperor, and the parrot meant Gao Huan.
15
初，孝昌中，山胡劉螽升自稱天子，年號神嘉，居雲陽谷，西土歲被其寇，謂之胡荒。
In Xiaochang times the Mountain Hu leader Liu Lish sheng had declared himself emperor under the era Shenjia and dwelt at Yunyang Valley; the west was raided year after year—men called it the Hu wilderness.
16
二年正月，西魏渭州刺史可朱渾道元擁衆內屬，神武迎納之。 壬戌，神武襲擊劉螽升，大破之。 己巳，魏帝褒詔，以神武為相國，假黃鉞，劍履上殿，入朝不趨。 神武固辭。
In the first month of the second year Western Wei Governor of Weizhou Kezhuhun Daoyuan brought his followers over; Gao Huan received them. On the renxu day Gao Huan struck Liu Lish sheng by surprise and routed him. On the jisi day the Wei Emperor issued a commendatory edict making Gao Huan Chancellor, granting the yellow battle-axe, permission to wear sword and shoes in court, and exemption from hurrying in audience. Gao Huan firmly declined.
17
三月，神武欲以女妻蠡升太子，候其不設備，辛酉，潛師襲之。 其北部王斬蠡升首以送。 其衆復立其子南海王，神武進擊之，又獲南海王及其弟西海王、北海王、皇后公卿已下四百餘人，胡、魏五萬戶。 壬申，神武朝于鄴。
In the third month Gao Huan offered his daughter to Lish sheng's heir; when their guard was down, on the xinyou day he struck with a hidden force. The northern king beheaded Lish sheng and sent his head. His followers installed his son as Nanhai Wang; Gao Huan pressed the attack and captured Nanhai Wang, his brothers Xihai Wang and Beihai Wang, the empress, more than four hundred officials, and fifty thousand Hu and Wei households. On the renshen day Gao Huan attended court at Ye.
18
四月，神武請給遷人廩各有差。
In the fourth month Gao Huan asked that relocated people be given grain rations according to rank.
19
九月甲寅，神武以州郡縣官多乖法，請出使問人疾苦。
On the jiayin day of the ninth month Gao Huan, citing widespread maladministration in the provinces, asked to send envoys to inquire into the people's hardships.
20
三年正月甲子，神武帥厙狄干等萬騎襲西魏夏州，身不火食，四日而至。 縛槊為梯，夜入其城，禽其刺史費也頭斛拔俄彌突，因而用之。 留都督張瓊以鎮守，遷其部落五千戶以歸。 西魏靈州刺史曹泥與其婿涼州刺史劉豐遣使請內屬。 周文圍泥，水灌其城，不沒者四尺。 神武命阿至羅發騎三萬徑度靈州，繞出西軍後，獲馬五十匹，西師乃退。 神武率騎迎泥、豐生，拔其遺戶五千以歸，復泥官爵。 魏帝詔加神武九錫，固讓乃止。
On the jiazi day of the first month of the third year Gao Huan led ten thousand horsemen under Kudi Gan against Western Wei Xia Province, eating nothing cooked, and arrived in four days. They bound spears into ladders, entered the city by night, seized Governor Hubo E-mitu of the Feiye Tou tribe, and put him to use. He left Zhang Qiong to garrison the place and moved five thousand tribal households back with him. Western Wei Governor of Lingzhou Cao Ni and his son-in-law, Governor of Liangzhou Liu Feng, sent envoys offering submission. Yuwen Tai besieged Cao Ni and flooded the city until only four feet of wall stood above the water. Gao Huan ordered the Azoluo to send thirty thousand cavalry through Ling Province, swing behind the Western army, seize fifty horses, and the Western force withdrew. Gao Huan rode out to welcome Cao Ni and Liu Feng, brought back five thousand surviving households, and restored Cao Ni's office and rank. The Wei Emperor offered Gao Huan the Nine Bestowments; he declined firmly and the matter ended.
21
二月，神武令阿至羅逼西魏秦州刺史建忠王万俟普撥，神武以衆應之。 六月甲午，普撥與其子太宰受洛干、豳州刺史叱干寶樂、右衛將軍破六韓常及督將三百餘人擁部來降。
In the second month Gao Huan ordered the Azoluo to press Western Wei Governor of Qinzhou Wan Shi Pu-ba, Prince of Jianzhong, and marched with his main force in support. On the jiawu day of the sixth month Pu-ba, his son Shouluogan, Binzhou Governor Chigan Baole, Right Guard General Poliuhan Chang, and more than three hundred officers came over with their followers.
22
八月丁亥，神武請均鬥尺，班於天下。
On the dinghai day of the eighth month Gao Huan asked to standardize the bushel measure and issue it throughout the realm.
23
九月辛亥，汾州胡王迢觸、曹貳龍聚衆反，署立百官，年號平都。 神武討平之。
On the xinhai day of the ninth month the Fenzhou Hu leaders Tiaochu and Cao Erlong rebelled, set up a court, and declared the era Pingdu. Gao Huan suppressed and pacified them.
24
十二月丁丑，神武自晉陽西討，遣兼僕射行台汝陽王暹、司徒高昂等趣上洛，大都督竇泰入自潼關。
On the dingchou day of the twelfth month Gao Huan marched west from Jinyang, sending Prince of Ruyang Xian and Gao Ao toward Shangluo and Grand Commander Dou Tai in through Tong Pass.
25
四年正月癸丑，竇泰軍敗自殺。 神武次蒲津，以冰薄不得赴救，乃班師。 高昂攻剋上洛。
On the guichou day of the first month of the fourth year Dou Tai's army was broken and he killed himself. Gao Huan halted at Pujin; the ice was too thin to cross to the rescue, and he withdrew. Gao Ao stormed and took Shangluo.
26
二月乙酉，神武以幷、肆、汾、建、晉、東雍、南汾、泰、陝九州霜旱，人饑流散，請所在開倉賑給。
On the yiyou day of the second month Gao Huan, citing frost and drought in nine provinces—Bing, Si, Fen, Jian, Jin, East Yong, South Fen, Tai, and Shan—and famine and flight among the people, asked that granaries be opened for relief.
27
六月壬申，神武如天池，獲瑞石，隱起成文曰「六王三川」。
On the renshen day of the sixth month Gao Huan visited Tianchi and found an auspicious stone bearing raised characters: "Six Kings Three Rivers."
28
十月壬辰，神武西討，自蒲津濟，衆二十萬。 周文軍於沙苑。 神武以地阢阨少卻，西人鼓噪而進，軍大亂，棄器甲十有八萬，神武跨橐駝，候船以歸。
On the renchen day of the tenth month Gao Huan marched west, crossing at Pujin with two hundred thousand men. Yuwen Tai drew up his army at Shawei. On cramped ground Gao Huan drew back slightly; the Western troops shouted and charged; his army broke in chaos and cast away one hundred eighty thousand sets of arms and armor; Gao Huan crossed on a camel and waited for a boat to escape.
29
元象元年三月辛酉，神武固請解丞相，魏帝許之。
In the third month of Yuanxiang 1 (539), on the xinyou day, Gao Huan firmly asked to resign the chancellorship; the Wei Emperor agreed.
30
四月庚寅，神武朝于鄴，壬辰，還晉陽。 請開酒禁，並賑恤宿衛武官。
On the gengyin day of the fourth month Gao Huan attended court at Ye; on the renchen day he returned to Jinyang. He asked to lift the ban on wine and to grant relief to the palace guard officers.
31
七月壬午，行台侯景、司徒高昂圍西魏將獨孤信於金墉，西魏帝及周文並來赴救。 大都督厙狄干帥諸將前驅，神武總衆繼進。 八月辛卯，戰於河陰，大破西魏軍，俘獲數萬。 司徒高昂、大都督李猛、宋顯死之。 西師之敗，獨孤信先入關，周文留其都督長孫子彥守金墉，遂燒營以遁。 神武遣兵追奔，至崤，不及而還。 初，神武知西師來侵，自晉陽帥衆馳赴，至孟津，未濟，而軍有勝負。 旣而神武渡河，子彥亦棄城走，神武遂毀金墉而還。
On the renwu day of the seventh month Hou Jing and Gao Ao besieged Western Wei General Dugu Xin at Jinyong; the Western Wei Emperor and Yuwen Tai both marched to relieve him. Grand Commander Kudi Gan led the vanguard; Gao Huan followed with the main army. On the xinmao day of the eighth month they fought at Heyin and broke the Western Wei army, taking tens of thousands captive. Gao Ao, Li Meng, and Song Xian were killed. In the rout Dugu Xin fled into the pass first; Yuwen Tai left Sun Ziyan to hold Jinyong, burned the camp, and escaped. Gao Huan sent pursuit as far as Xiao, failed to overtake them, and turned back. When Gao Huan learned the Western army was advancing, he rushed from Jinyang to Mengjin; before he crossed the river the battle was already decided. Gao Huan crossed the river; Sun Ziyan abandoned the city and fled; Gao Huan demolished Jinyong and returned.
32
十一月庚午，神武朝於京師。 十二月壬辰，還晉陽。
On the gengwu day of the eleventh month Gao Huan attended court at the capital. On the renchen day of the twelfth month he returned to Jinyang.
33
興和元年七月丁丑，魏帝進神武為相國、錄尚書事，固讓乃止。
On the dingchou day of the seventh month of Xinghe 1 (539), the Wei Emperor promoted Gao Huan to Chancellor and Recorder of the Masters of Writing; he declined firmly and the matter ended.
34
十一月乙丑，神武以新宮成，朝於鄴。 魏帝與神武燕射，神武降階稱賀，又辭渤海王及都督中外諸軍事，詔不許。 十二月戊戌，神武還晉陽。
On the yichou day of the eleventh month, with the new palace complete, Gao Huan attended court at Ye. The Wei Emperor feasted and shot arrows with Gao Huan; Gao Huan came down the steps to congratulate him and again declined the title Prince of Bohai and command of all armies—the edict would not allow it. On the wuxu day of the twelfth month Gao Huan returned to Jinyang.
35
二年十二月，阿至羅別部遣使請降。 神武帥衆迎之，出武州塞，不見，大獵而還。
In the twelfth month of the second year a branch of the Azoluo sent envoys offering surrender. Gao Huan marched out to welcome them; beyond Wuzhou Pass he found no one, hunted at length, and returned.
36
三年五月，神武巡北境，使使與蠕蠕通和。
In the fifth month of the third year Gao Huan toured the northern frontier and sent envoys to treat with the Rouran.
37
四年五月辛巳，神武朝鄴，請令百官每月面敷政事，明揚側陋，納諫屏邪，親理獄訟，褒黜勤怠； 牧守有愆，節級相坐； 椒掖之內，進御以序； 後園鷹犬悉皆棄之。 六月甲辰，神武還晉陽。
On the xinsi day of the fifth month of the fourth year Gao Huan attended court at Ye and asked that officials each month report affairs in person, that hidden talent be brought forward, that remonstrance be welcomed and corruption driven out, that he judge lawsuits himself, and that diligence and neglect be rewarded and punished; that governors and prefects who erred should be punished by descending ranks; that within the inner palace imperial access should follow proper order; and that the hawks and hounds of the rear garden should all be abandoned. On the jiachen day of the sixth month Gao Huan returned to Jinyang.
38
九月，神武西征。 十月己亥，圍西魏儀同三司王思政於玉壁城，欲以致敵，西師不敢出。 十一月癸未，神武以大雪士卒多死，乃班師。
In the ninth month Gao Huan marched west. On the jihai day of the tenth month he besieged Western Wei Wang Sizheng at Yubi, hoping to draw the enemy out; the Western army did not dare sally. On the guiwei day of the eleventh month heavy snow had killed many soldiers, and Gao Huan withdrew.
39
武定元年二月壬申，北豫州刺史高慎據武牢西叛。 三月壬辰，周文率衆援高慎，圍河橋南城。 戊申，神武大敗之於芒山，擒西魏督將已下四百餘人，俘斬六萬計。 是時軍士有盜殺驢者，軍令應死，神武弗殺，將至幷州決之。 明日復戰，奔西軍，告神武所在。 西師盡銳來攻，衆潰，神武失馬，赫連陽順下馬以授神武，與蒼頭馮文洛扶上俱走，從者步騎六七人。 追騎至，親信都督尉興慶曰：「王去矣，興慶腰邊百箭，足殺百人。」 神武勉之曰：「事濟，以爾為懷州，若死，則用爾子。」 興慶曰：「兒小，願用兄。」 許之。 興慶鬬，矢盡而死。 西魏太師賀拔勝以十三騎逐神武，河州刺史劉洪徽射中其二。 勝矟將中神武，段孝先橫射勝馬殪，遂免。 豫、洛二州平。 神武使劉豐追奔，拓地至弘農而還。
On the renshen day of the second month of Wuding 1 (543), Governor of Beiyu Gao Shen held Wulao and defected to the west. On the renchen day of the third month Yuwen Tai marched to aid Gao Shen and besieged the south city of Heqiao. On the wushen day Gao Huan routed them at Mangshan, taking more than four hundred Western Wei officers and killing or capturing some sixty thousand men. A soldier had stolen and killed a donkey—a capital offense by army law; Gao Huan spared him for the moment and meant to judge him at Bing Province. The next day, when battle resumed, the man fled to the Western army and revealed Gao Huan's position. The Western army struck with its full strength; Gao Huan's force broke; he lost his horse; Helian Yangshun dismounted and gave him his mount; the servant Feng Wenluo helped him up and they fled together with only six or seven followers. When pursuers closed in, his trusted commander Wei Xingqing said, "My lord, go; I have a hundred arrows at my belt—enough to kill a hundred men. Gao Huan urged him on, saying, "If we survive, I will make you Governor of Huaizhou; if you die, I will employ your son. Xingqing said, "My son is still small; employ my elder brother instead. Gao Huan agreed. Xingqing fought until his arrows were spent and died. Western Wei Grand Preceptor Heba Sheng pursued Gao Huan with thirteen horsemen; Governor of Hezhou Liu Honghui shot down two. Sheng's spear was about to find Gao Huan when Duan Xiaoxian shot across and killed Sheng's horse; Gao Huan escaped. Yu and Luo provinces were pacified. Gao Huan sent Liu Feng in pursuit, extended the frontier to Hongnong, and returned.
40
七月，神武貽周文書，責以殺孝武之罪。
In the seventh month Gao Huan sent Yuwen Tai a letter accusing him of murdering Emperor Xiaowu.
41
八月辛未，魏帝詔神武為相國、錄尚書事、大行台，餘如故，固辭乃止。 是月，神武命於肆州北山築城，西自馬陵戍，東至士隥，四十日罷。
In the eighth month, on the xinwei day, the Wei emperor offered Gao Huan the posts of chancellor, recorder of the Secretariat, and grand eastern headquarters, with all other honors unchanged; he firmly declined and the offer was withdrawn. That month Gao Huan ordered a fort built on the northern mountains of Sizhou, from Maling Garrison in the west to Shidi in the east; the work was completed in forty days.
42
十二月己卯，神武朝京師，庚辰，還晉陽。
In the twelfth month, on the jimao day, Gao Huan attended court at the capital; on the gengchen day he returned to Jinyang.
43
二年三月癸巳，神武巡行冀、定二州，因朝京師。 以冬春亢旱，請蠲懸責，賑窮乏，宥死罪以下。 又請授老人板職各有差。 四月丙辰，神武還晉陽。
In the third month of the second year, on the guisi day, Gao Huan toured Ji and Ding provinces and then attended court at the capital. Because winter and spring had brought severe drought, he asked that outstanding debts be remitted, the destitute relieved, and all offenses short of capital punishment pardoned. He also asked that honorary wooden-plaque offices be granted to the elderly, each according to rank. In the fourth month, on the bingchen day, Gao Huan returned to Jinyang.
44
十一月，神武討山胡，破平之，俘獲一萬餘戶口，分配諸州。
In the eleventh month Gao Huan campaigned against the Mountain Hu, defeated and pacified them, and took more than ten thousand households captive, distributing them among the provinces.
45
三年正月甲午，開府儀同三司尒朱文暢、開府司馬任胄、都督鄭仲禮、中府主簿李世林、前開府參軍房子遠等謀賊神武，因十五日夜打簇，懷刃而入，其黨薛季孝以告，並伏誅。 丁未，神武請於幷州置晉陽宮，以處配口。
In the first month of the third year, on the jiawu day, Erzhu Wenchang, open-office protocol-equal of the third rank, Open-Office Chief of Staff Ren Zhou, Commander Zheng Zhongli, Central Headquarters Registrar Li Shilin, and former Open-Office Staff Officer Fang Ziyuan plotted to assassinate Gao Huan; on the night of the fifteenth they beat drums and entered with hidden blades, but their associate Xue Jixiao betrayed them, and all were put to death. On the dingwei day Gao Huan asked that a Jinyang Palace be built in Bing Province to house allocated households.
46
三月乙未，神武朝鄴，丙午，還晉陽。
In the third month, on the yiwei day, Gao Huan attended court at Ye; on the bingwu day he returned to Jinyang.
47
十月丁卯，神武上言，幽、安、定三州北接奚、蠕蠕，請於險要修立城戍以防之，躬自臨覆，莫不嚴固。 乙未，神武請釋芒山俘桎梏，配以民間寡婦。
In the tenth month, on the dingmao day, Gao Huan memorialized that You, An, and Ding provinces on the north bordered the Xi and Rouran, and asked that forts and garrisons be built at strategic points for defense; he personally inspected them, and none was left unsound. On the yiwei day Gao Huan asked that Mangshan captives be freed from their bonds and matched with widows among the people.
48
四年八月癸巳，神武將西伐，自鄴會兵於晉陽。 殿中將軍曹魏祖曰：「不可。 今八月西方王，以死氣逆生氣，為客不利，主人則可。 兵果行，傷大將軍。」 神武不從。 自東、西魏構兵，鄴下每先有黃黑蟻陣鬪，占者以為黃者東魏戎衣色，黑者西魏戎衣色，人間以此候勝負。 是時黃蟻盡死。 九月，神武圍玉壁以挑西師，不敢應。 西魏晉州刺史韋孝寬守玉壁，城中出鐵面，神武使元盜射之，每中其目。 用李業興孤虛術，萃其北。 北，天險也。 乃起土山，鑿十道，又於東面鑿二十一道以攻之。 城中無水，汲於汾。 神武使移汾，一夜而畢。 孝寬奪據土山，頓軍五旬，城不拔，死者七萬人，聚為一冢。 有星墜於神武營，衆驢並鳴，士皆讋懼。 神武有疾。 十一月庚子，輿疾班師。 庚戌，遣太原公洋鎮鄴。 辛亥，徵世子澄至晉陽。 有惡烏集亭樹，世子使斛律光射殺之。 己卯，神武以無功，表解都督中外諸軍事，魏帝優詔許之。 是時西魏言神武中弩，神武聞之，乃勉坐見諸貴，使斛律金作《勑勒歌》，神武自和之，哀感流涕。
In the eighth month of the fourth year, on the guisi day, Gao Huan prepared to campaign west and assembled his troops at Jinyang after leaving Ye. Palace Guard General Cao Weizu said, "It cannot be done. In the eighth month the Western Quarter holds the kingship; with the breath of death opposing the breath of life, it is unfavorable for the invader and favorable for the defender. If the army marches, the great general will be wounded. Gao Huan did not listen. From the time Eastern and Western Wei took up arms, at Ye yellow and black ant armies always fought first in battle array; diviners held that yellow was the color of Eastern Wei's battle dress and black that of Western Wei, and people used this to read victory and defeat. This time all the yellow ants died. In the ninth month Gao Huan besieged Yubi to provoke the Western army, but they did not respond. Western Wei Jin Province Inspector Wei Xiaokuan held Yubi; the city sent out iron-masked warriors, and Gao Huan had Yuan Dao shoot at them, each time striking the eyes. Using Li Yexing's solitary-and-empty divination, he massed his forces on the north. The north is heaven's barrier. He raised earthen mounds and dug ten tunnels, and on the east side dug twenty-one more to attack. The city had no water and drew it from the Fen River. Gao Huan had the Fen diverted, and the work was finished in one night. Xiaokuan seized and held the earthen mound; the army encamped fifty days, yet the city was not taken; seventy thousand died and were heaped into one mound. A star fell in Gao Huan's camp; the donkeys all brayed together, and the soldiers were seized with fear. Gao Huan fell ill. In the eleventh month, on the gengzi day, he was carried back in his litter as the army withdrew. On the gengxu day he dispatched the Duke of Taiyuan, Gao Yang, to hold Ye. On the xinhai day he summoned the heir Gao Cheng to Jinyang. An ill-omened bird perched on a pavilion tree; the heir had Hulü Guang shoot and kill it. On the jimao day, because the campaign had failed, Gao Huan memorialized to resign as supreme commander of all armies at home and abroad; the Wei emperor graciously permitted it. At that time Western Wei said Gao Huan had been struck by a crossbow bolt; when he heard this, he forced himself to sit upright and receive the nobles, had Hulü Jin compose the "Chile Song," and harmonized with it, weeping from sorrow.
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侯景素輕世子，嘗謂司馬子如曰：「王在，吾不敢有異，王無，吾不能與鮮卑小兒共事。」 子如掩其口。 至是，世子為神武書召景。 景先與神武約：得書，書背微點，乃來。 書至，無點，景不至。 又聞神武疾，遂擁兵自固。 神武謂世子曰：「我雖疾，爾面更有餘憂色，何也？」 世子未對。 又問曰：「豈非憂侯景叛耶？」 曰：「然」。 神武曰：「景專制河南十四年矣，常有飛揚跋扈志，顧我能養，豈為汝駕御也！ 今四方未定，勿遽發哀。 厙狄干鮮卑老公，斛律金勑勒老公，並性遒直，終不負汝。 可朱渾道元、劉豐生遠來投我，必無異心。 賀拔焉過兒樸實無罪過。 潘樂本作道人，心和厚，汝兄弟當得其力。 韓軌少戇，宜寬借之。 彭樂心腹難得，宜防護之。 少堪敵侯景者唯有慕容紹宗，我故不貴之，留以與汝，宜深加殊禮，委以經略。」
Hou Jing had always looked down on the heir; he once told Chief of Staff Ziru, "While the king lives I dare not differ; when the king is gone I cannot serve with a Xianbei boy. Ziru covered his mouth. At this time the heir wrote in Gao Huan's name to summon Jing. Jing had earlier agreed with Gao Huan that when he received a letter, a slight dot on the back meant he should come. The letter arrived without a dot, and Jing did not come. He also heard that Gao Huan was ill and thereupon gathered troops and fortified himself. Gao Huan said to the heir, "Though I am ill, your face still shows extra worry — why? The heir did not answer. He asked again, "Is it worry that Hou Jing will rebel? He said, "It is so." Gao Huan said, "Jing has monopolized Henan for fourteen years; he has always had a proud and overbearing will, but submitted because I could support him — how could he be driven for you! The four quarters are not yet settled — do not hastily announce mourning. Kudigan Gan, the Xianbei old fellow, and Hulü Jin, the Chile old fellow, are both upright by nature and will never fail you. Kezhuhun Daoyuan and Liu Fengsheng came from afar to join me — they will surely have no different heart. Heba Yanguo'er is plain and without fault. Pan Le was originally a Daoist; his heart is kind and generous — your brothers should gain strength from him. Han Gui is somewhat dull — you should treat him leniently. Peng Le is hard to read at heart — you should guard against him. Of those who can barely match Hou Jing there is only Murong Shaozong; I therefore did not promote him highly and left him for you — you should grant him exceptional honors and entrust him with strategy."
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神武性深密高岸，終日儼然，人不能測。 機權之際，變化若神。 至於軍國大略，獨運懷抱，文武將吏罕有預之。 統馭軍衆，法令嚴肅，臨敵制勝，策出無方。 聽斷昭察，不可欺犯。 知人好士，全護勳舊。 性周給，每有文教，常殷勤款悉，指事論心，不尚綺靡。 擢人授任，在於得才，苟其所堪，乃至拔於廝養，有虛聲無實者，稀見任用。 諸將出討，奉行方略，罔不克捷，違失指畫，多致奔亡。 雅尚儉素，刀劍鞍勒無金玉之飾。 少能劇飲，自當大任，不過三爵。 居家如官。 仁恕愛士。 始，范陽盧景裕以明經稱，魯郡韓毅以工書顯，咸以謀逆見擒，並蒙恩置之第館，教授諸子。 其文武之士盡節所事，見執獲而不罪者甚多。 故遐邇歸心，皆思效力。 至南威梁國，北懷蠕蠕，吐谷渾、阿至羅咸所招納，獲其力用，規略遠矣。
Gao Huan's nature was deep, secretive, and lofty; all day long he remained stern, and men could not fathom him. At moments of stratagem he changed like a spirit. As for the great designs of army and state, he carried them alone in his breast, and civil and military officers rarely shared in them. In commanding armies his laws were strict and solemn; facing the enemy he prevailed, and his stratagems came from nowhere fixed. In hearing cases he was clear-sighted and could not be deceived or offended. He knew men and loved scholars, and fully protected those of merit and old service. By nature he was thorough and considerate; whenever he issued a civil edict he was always earnest and detailed, speaking to the matter and to the heart, and did not prize ornate language. In raising men and granting office what mattered was obtaining talent; if a man was capable, he might even be pulled up from stable service, while those with empty reputation and no substance were rarely employed. When generals went out on campaign and followed his plans, none failed to win; when they missed his design, many came to ruin and flight. He naturally favored simplicity; swords, saddles, and bridles had no ornament of gold or jade. In youth he could drink heavily, but once he took great responsibility he never passed three cups. At home he was as at office. He was humane, forgiving, and loving toward scholars. At the beginning, Fanyang Lu Jingyu was famed for mastery of the classics and Lu Commandery Han Yi for skill in calligraphy; both were seized on charges of plotting rebellion, yet both received grace and were housed in his residence to instruct his sons. Many civil and military men who had served their lords to the utmost, once captured, were not punished. Therefore near and far gave him their hearts, and all wished to serve him with effort. To the south he awed Liang, to the north he won over the Rouran, and the Tuyuhun and Azhiluo were all brought in by his summons; he gained their strength for use — his design reached far.
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全文以中華書局、一九七二年十一月、第一版《北齊書》為本校。
This text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju first edition of the Book of Northern Qi (November 1972).