Volume 15 Biographies 7: Dou Tai; Wei Jing; Lou Zhao; Lou Rui; Han Gui; Pan Le

竇泰尉景婁昭兄子叡厙狄干子士文韓軌潘樂

Dou Tai; Wei Jing; Lou Zhao; nephew Rui; Kudie Gan; son Shiwen; Han Gui; Pan Le

竇泰，字世寧，大安捍殊人也。本出清河觀津，曾祖羅，魏統萬鎮將，因居北邊。父樂，魏末破六韓拔陵為亂，與鎮將楊鈞固守，遇害。泰貴，追贈司徒。初，泰母夢風雷暴起，若有雨狀，出庭觀之，見電光奪目，駛雨霑灑，寤而驚汗，遂有娠。期而不產，大懼。有巫曰：「渡河湔裙，產子必易。」便向水所。忽見一人，曰：「當生貴子，可徙而南。」泰母從之。俄而生泰。及長，善騎射，有勇略。泰父兄戰歿於鎮，泰身負骸骨歸尒朱榮。以從討邢杲功，賜爵廣阿子。神武之為晉州，請泰為鎮城都督，參謀軍事。累遷侍中、京畿大都督，尋領御史中尉。泰以勳戚居臺，雖無多糾舉，而百僚畏懼。

Dou Tai, styled Shining Tranquility, was a native of Da'an Hanshu. His family originally came from Guanjin in Qinghe; his great-grandfather Luo was general of the Wei garrison at Tongwan and settled on the northern frontier. His father Yue, when Poliuhan Baling rebelled at the end of Wei, held firm with the garrison general Yang Jun and was killed in action. When Dou Tai rose high, his father Yue was posthumously made minister of education. At first Dou Tai's mother dreamed that wind and thunder burst up as though rain were coming; she went out to the courtyard to watch and saw lightning dazzle her eyes and driving rain spatter down; waking in a sweat of alarm, she conceived. When her term passed without birth, she was greatly afraid. A witch said, "Cross the river and wash your skirt, and the birth will surely come easily." She went at once toward the water. Suddenly she saw a man who said, "You will bear a noble son; move south." Dou Tai's mother obeyed. Soon afterward Dou Tai was born. When he grew up, he was skilled at riding and archery and possessed courage and strategy. Dou Tai's father and elder brother died in battle at the garrison; Dou Tai personally carried their bones back to Erzhu Rong. For following the campaign against Xing Gao and meriting success, he was granted the title viscount of Guanga. When Gao Huan became governor of Jin Province, he requested Dou Tai as garrison-city commander and staff officer for military affairs. He rose in succession to palace attendant, grand commander of the capital region, and soon afterward also served as censor-in-chief. Dou Tai, holding high office by merit and kinship, made few impeachments, yet the hundred officials feared him.

天平三年，神武西討，令泰自潼關入。四年，泰至小關，為周文帝所襲，衆盡沒，泰自殺。初，泰將發鄴，鄴有惠化尼謠云：「竇行臺，去不回。」未行之前，夜三更，忽有朱衣冠幘數千人入臺，云「收竇中尉」，宿直兵吏皆驚，其人入數屋，俄頃而去。旦視關鍵不異，方知非人。皆知其必敗。贈大司馬、太尉、錄尚書事，諡曰武貞。泰妻，武明婁后妹也。泰雖以親見待，而功名自建。齊受禪，祭告其墓。皇建初，配享神武廟庭。子孝敬嗣。位儀同三司。

In the third year of Tianping, Gao Huan campaigned west and ordered Dou Tai to enter by Tong Pass. In the fourth year Dou Tai reached Little Pass, was ambushed by Yuwen Tai, and his whole force was destroyed; Dou Tai killed himself. At first, when Dou Tai was about to set out from Ye, a ballad of the nun Huihua in Ye said, "Commandery Chief Dou goes and does not return." Before he marched, at the third watch of the night, suddenly several thousand men in red robes and caps entered the censorate, saying they had come "to arrest Censor Dou"; the night guards and clerks were all alarmed; the figures entered several rooms and in a moment were gone. At dawn they looked and the locks were unchanged; only then did they know these were not human beings. All knew he was doomed to defeat. Posthumously he was made grand marshal, grand commandant, and recorder of affairs of the masters of writing; his posthumous title was Wuzhen. Dou Tai's wife was the younger sister of Empress Lou Wuming. Although Dou Tai was treated as kin, his fame and achievement were his own. When Qi received the abdication, sacrifice was announced at his tomb. At the beginning of Huangjian he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court. His son Xiaojing succeeded. He rose to three imperators' protocol of the open office.

尉景，字士真，善無人也。秦、漢置尉候官，其先有居此職者，因以氏焉。景性溫厚，頗有俠氣。魏孝昌中，北鎮反，景與神武入杜洛周軍中，仍共歸尒朱榮。以軍功封博野縣伯。後從神武起兵信都。韓陵之戰，唯景所統失利。神武入洛，留景鎮鄴。尋進封為公。

Wei Jing, styled Shizhen, was a native of Shanwu. In Qin and Han the office of frontier scout was established; an ancestor who had held that post took it as the clan surname. Jing was warm by nature and possessed a chivalrous spirit. In the Xiaochang era of Wei, when the northern garrisons rebelled, Jing entered Du Luozhou's army together with Gao Huan and then both returned to Erzhu Rong. For military merit he was enfeoffed baron of Boye County. Later he followed Gao Huan in raising troops at Xindu. At the Battle of Hanling, only the force Jing commanded suffered defeat. When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, he left Jing to garrison Ye. Soon afterward his rank was advanced to duke.

景妻常山君，神武之姊也。以勳戚，每有軍事，與厙狄干常被委重，而不能忘懷財利，神武每嫌責之。轉冀州刺史，又大納賄，發夫獵，死者三百人。厙狄干與景在神武坐，請作御史中尉。神武曰：「何意下求卑官？」干曰：「欲捉尉景。」神武大笑，令優者石董桶戲之。董桶剝景衣，曰：「公剝百姓，董桶何為不剝公！」神武誡景曰：「可以無貪也。」景曰：「與爾計生活孰多，我止人上取，爾割天子調。」神武笑不答。改長樂郡公。歷位太保、太傅，坐匿亡人見禁止。使崔暹謂文襄曰：「語阿惠兒，富貴欲殺我耶！」神武聞之泣，詣闕曰：「臣非尉景，無以至今日。」三請，帝乃許之。於是黜為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。神武造之，景恚臥不動，叫曰：「殺我時趣耶！」常山君謂神武曰：「老人去死近，何忍煎迫至此。」又曰：「我為爾汲水胝生。」因出其掌。神武撫景，為之屈膝。先是，景有果下馬，文襄求之，景不與，曰：「土相扶為墻，人相扶為王，一馬亦不得畜而索也。」神武對景及常山君責文襄而杖之。常山君泣救之。景曰：「小兒慣去，放使作心腹，何須干啼濕哭不聽打耶！」尋授青州刺史，操行頗改，百姓安之。徵授大司馬。遇疾，薨於州。贈太師、尚書令。齊受禪，以景元勳，詔祭告其墓。皇建初，配享神武廟庭，追封長樂王。

Jing's wife, Lady Changshan, was Gao Huan's elder sister. As a meritorious kinsman, whenever there was military business he and Kudie Gan were often entrusted with weighty command, yet he could not put aside profit; Gao Huan frequently reproved him for it. Transferred to governor of Ji Province, he again took large bribes and pressed laborers into a hunt in which three hundred men died. Kudie Gan and Jing, while seated with Gao Huan, asked to serve as censor-in-chief. Gao Huan said, "Why do you seek so low an office?" Kudie Gan said, "To arrest Wei Jing." Gao Huan laughed greatly and had the actor Shi Dongtong mock them. Dongtong stripped Jing's clothes and said, "You strip the common people — why should Dongtong not strip you!" Gao Huan admonished Jing, "You can do without greed." Jing said, "When we reckon whose way of living brings in more, I only take from people; you carve off the emperor's taxes." Gao Huan smiled and did not answer. His title was changed to duke of Changle Commandery. He rose in succession to grand guardian and grand tutor, then was imprisoned for concealing a fugitive. He had Cui Xian tell Gao Cheng, "Tell Ahuier — does his wealth and power mean to kill me!" Gao Huan heard and wept; he went to the palace and said, "Were it not for Wei Jing, your subject would never have reached today." After three petitions the emperor granted it. Thereupon he was demoted to general of the imperial horse and opener of a government office equal in protocol to three imperators. Gao Huan visited him; Jing lay in anger and would not rise, shouting, "If you're going to kill me, hurry up!" Lady Changshan said to Gao Huan, "The old man is near death — how can you press him so cruelly?" She also said, "I drew water for you until calluses formed on my hands." She then showed her palms. Gao Huan comforted Jing and knelt before him. Before this Jing had a pony; Gao Cheng asked for it, and Jing would not give it, saying, "Earth piled together makes a wall; men supporting one another make a king — not even one horse may be kept and then demanded back." Gao Huan, before Jing and Lady Changshan, rebuked Gao Cheng and had him beaten. Lady Changshan wept and pleaded for him. Jing said, "The boy is used to indulgence — let him learn to be a trusted man; why all this weeping and wailing to stop a beating!" Soon afterward he was appointed governor of Qing Province; his conduct improved greatly, and the people lived at ease. Summoned back, he was made grand marshal. He fell ill and died in the province. Posthumously he was made grand preceptor and director of the masters of writing. When Qi received the abdication, because Jing was an original meritorious minister, an edict ordered sacrifice announced at his tomb. At the beginning of Huangjian he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court and posthumously enfeoffed prince of Changle.

子粲，少歷顯職，性粗武。天保初，封厙狄干等為王，粲以父不預王爵，大恚恨，十餘日閉門不朝。帝怪，遣使就宅問之。隔門謂使者曰：「天子不封粲父為王，粲不如死。」使云：「須開門受勑。」粲遂彎弓隔門射使者。使者以狀聞之，文宣使段韶諭旨。粲見韶，唯撫膺大哭，不答一言。文宣親詣其宅慰之，方復朝請。尋追封景長樂王。粲襲爵。位司徒、太傅，薨。子世辯嗣。周師將入鄴，令辯出千餘騎覘候，出滏口，登高阜西望，遙見群烏飛起，謂是西軍旗幟，即馳還，比至紫陌橋，不敢回顧。隋開皇中，卒於浙州刺史。

His son Can, from youth, held prominent posts; by nature he was coarse and martial. At the beginning of Tianbao, Kudie Gan and others were enfeoffed as princes; Can, because his father had not received a princely title, was greatly resentful and for more than ten days shut his door and did not attend court. The emperor thought it strange and sent an envoy to his house to inquire. Through the closed door he told the envoy, "If the Son of Heaven will not enfeoff Can's father as a prince, Can would rather die." The envoy said, "You must open the door to receive the edict." Can thereupon bent his bow and shot at the envoy through the door. The envoy reported the matter; Gao Yang sent Duan Shao to deliver the imperial message. When Can saw Shao, he only beat his breast and wept loudly, answering not a word. Gao Yang personally visited his house to comfort him; only then did he resume attending court. Soon afterward Jing was posthumously enfeoffed prince of Changle. Can inherited the title. He rose to minister of education and grand tutor, then died. His son Shibian succeeded. When the Zhou army was about to enter Ye, Shibian was ordered out with more than a thousand horsemen to reconnoiter; leaving by Fukou, he climbed a high mound and looked west; seeing flocks of birds rise in the distance, he took them for the banners of the Western army and galloped back — by the time he reached Zimo Bridge he dared not look behind him. In the Kaihuang era of Sui he died while serving as governor of Zhe Province.

婁昭，字菩薩，代郡平城人也，武明皇後之母弟也。祖父提，雄傑有識度，家僮千數，牛馬以谷量。性好周給，士多歸附之。魏太武時，以功封真定侯。父內干，有武力，未仕而卒。昭貴，魏朝贈司徒。齊受禪，追封太原王。昭方雅正直，有大度深謀，腰帶八尺，弓馬冠世。神武少親重之。昭亦早識人，恒曲盡禮敬。數隨神武獵，每致請不宜乘危歷階。

Lou Zhao, styled Pusa, was a native of Pingcheng in Dai Commandery and the maternal younger brother of Empress Lou Wuming. His grandfather Ti was bold and far-sighted; his household had a thousand servants, and cattle and horses were counted by the bushel. By nature he delighted in giving to others; many men of worth attached themselves to him. In the reign of Emperor Taiwu of Wei he was enfeoffed marquis of Zhending for merit. His father Neigan possessed martial strength but died before holding office. When Lou Zhao rose high, the Wei court posthumously made his father Neigan minister of education. When Qi received the abdication, Lou Zhao's father Neigan was posthumously enfeoffed prince of Taiyuan. Lou Zhao was dignified, upright, and of great bearing, with deep designs; his belt was eight feet long, and in archery and horsemanship he stood first in the age. From youth Gao Huan treated him with close regard. Lou Zhao also recognized men early and always showed them full courtesy and respect. He often followed Gao Huan on hunts and each time urged that one should not ride through danger or up steep slopes.

次子定遠，少歷顯職，外戚中偏為武成愛狎。別封臨淮郡王。武成大漸，與趙郡王等同受顧命，位司空。趙郡王之奏黜和士開，定遠與其謀，遂納士開賄賂，成趙郡之禍，其貪鄙如此。尋除瀛州刺史。初，定遠弟季略，穆提婆求其伎妾，定遠不許。因高思好作亂，提婆令臨淮國郎中令告定遠陰與思好通。後主令開府段暢率三千騎掩之，令侍御史趙秀通至州，以贓貨事劾定遠。定遠疑有變，遂縊而死。

The second son Dingyuan, from youth, held prominent posts; among the imperial kin he was especially favored and intimate with Gao Zhan. He was separately enfeoffed prince of Linhuai Commandery. As Wucheng sickened toward death, he entrusted the final testament to Prince of Zhao Commandery Rui and others alike — and made Dingyuan minister of works. When Prince of Zhao Commandery moved to dismiss He Shikai, Dingyuan joined the plot — then took He Shikai's bribe and brought ruin on the prince. Such was his greed. Soon he was made governor of Ying Province. Earlier, Dingyuan's brother Jilue had a performing concubine. Mutipo demanded her; Dingyuan refused. When Gao Sihao rose in rebellion, Mutipo had the Linhuai principality's director accuse Dingyuan of secret dealings with Sihao. The Later Lord ordered Duan Chang, who held opening-establishment honors, to lead three thousand cavalry in a surprise raid, and sent attendant censor Zhao Xiutong to the province to impeach Dingyuan for embezzlement. Dingyuan sensed a trap and hanged himself.

後從神武起兵，破四胡於韓陵，封廣平縣公，尋進郡公。河陰之役，諸將大捷，唯干兵退。神武以其舊功，竟不責黜。尋轉太保、太傅。及高仲密以武牢叛，神武討之，以干為大都督前驅。干上道不過家，見侯景不遑食，景使騎追饋之。時文帝自將兵至洛陽，軍容甚盛。諸將未欲南度，干決計濟河。神武大兵繼至，遂大破之。還為定州刺史。不閑吏事，事多擾煩，然清約自居，不為吏人所患。遷太師。天保初，以天平元勳佐命，封章武郡王，轉太宰。

Later he followed Gao Huan in raising arms, routed the Four Hus at Hanling, was enfeoffed duke of Guangping County, and soon advanced to commandery duke. At Heyin the other generals won great victories — only Gan's troops fell back. Gao Huan, weighing his old service, did not punish or dismiss him. Soon he was made grand preceptor and grand tutor. When Gao Zhongmi rebelled at Wulao, Gao Huan marched against him and made Gan grand commander of the vanguard. Gan took the road without stopping at home. He met Hou Jing and had no time to eat — Jing sent riders racing after him with provisions. Emperor Wen of Western Wei had personally led troops to Luoyang — his army's bearing was formidable. The generals shrank from crossing south; Gan resolved to ford the river. Gao Huan's main army came up behind, and they routed the enemy. He returned and was made governor of Ding Province. He was no hand at administration, and his office was often in disorder — yet he lived plainly and frugally, and neither clerks nor commoners resented him. He was made grand preceptor. At the beginning of Tianbao, for his merit among the Tianping founding ministers, he was enfeoffed Prince of Zhangwu Commandery and made grand minister.

干尚神武妹樂陵長公主，以親地見待。自預勤王，常總大衆，威望之重，為諸將所伏，而最為嚴猛。會詣京師，魏譙王元孝友於公門言戲過度，諸公無能面折者，干正色責之，孝友大慚，時人稱之。薨，贈假黃鉞，太宰，給轀輬車，諡曰景烈。干不知書，署名為「干」字，逆上畫之，時人謂之穿錐。又有武將王周者，署名先為「吉」而後成其外，二人至子孫始並知書。干，皇建初配享神武廟庭。子敬伏，位儀同三司，卒。子士文嗣。

Gan married Gao Huan's sister, Princess of Leling — as kin by marriage, he was treated with singular favor. From the first campaigns to rescue the throne he often commanded the main armies. The weight of his prestige bowed the other generals — and of them all he was the sternest, the fiercest. Once at the capital, Prince Qiao of Wei Yuan Xiaoyou carried on with excessive ribaldry at court — and none of the nobles dared rebuke him to his face. Gan sternly reproached him. Xiaoyou was deeply shamed; men praised Gan for it. He died. Posthumously he was granted the acting yellow battle-axe and grand minister rank, given an imperial carriage — posthumous name Jinglie. Gan could not read. To sign his name he drew the character for Gan upside down — people called it "piercing the awl." There was also the warrior Wang Zhou, who signed by writing the inner strokes of "ji" first and only then completing the character — not until their descendants did either family learn to read. At the beginning of Huangjian, Gan was granted posthumous sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple hall. His son Jingfu rose to rank equal to the three excellencies and died. His son Shiwen succeeded him.

士文性孤真，雖鄰里至親，莫與通狎。在齊，襲封章武郡王，位領軍將軍。周武帝平齊，山東衣冠多來迎，唯士文閉門自守。帝奇之，授開府儀同三司，隨州刺史。隋文受禪，加上開府，封湖陂縣子。

Shiwen was solitary and upright by nature — even nearest kin and neighbors he would not treat familiarly. Under Qi he inherited the title Prince of Zhangwu Commandery and served as commander of the guard army. When Emperor Wu of Zhou conquered Qi, the gentry of Shandong poured out to welcome the conquerors — Shiwen alone shut his gates and held himself apart. The emperor admired this and made him holder of opening-establishment honors equal to the three excellencies, and governor of Sui Province. When Emperor Wen of Sui received the abdication, he was additionally granted supreme opening-establishment honors and enfeoffed viscount of Hubo County.

尋拜貝州刺史。性清苦，不受公料，家無餘財。其子嘗啖官廚餅，士文枷之於獄累日，杖之二百，步送還京，僮隸無敢出門。所買鹽菜，必於外境。凡有出入，皆封署其門，親故絕跡，慶吊不通。法令嚴肅，吏人貼服，道不拾遺。凡有細過，必深文陷害之。嘗入朝，遇上賜公卿入左藏，任取多少。人皆極重，士文獨口銜絹一匹，兩手各持一匹。上問其故，士文曰：「臣口手俱足，餘無所須。」上異之，別齎遺之。士文至州，發摘姦吏，尺布鬥粟之贓，無所寬貸，得千人奏之，悉配防嶺南。親戚相送，哭聲遍於州境。至嶺南，遇瘴厲死者十八九，於是父母妻子唯哭士文。士文聞之，令人捕搦，捶楚盈前，而哭者彌甚。司馬京兆韋焜、清河令河東趙達二人並苛刻，唯長史有惠政，時人語曰：「刺史羅剎政，司馬蝮蛇瞋，長史含笑判，清河生吃人。」上聞，嘆曰：「士文暴過猛獸。」竟坐免。未幾為雍州長史，謂人曰：「我向法深，不能窺候要貴，無乃必死此官。」及下車，執法嚴正，不避貴戚，賓客莫敢至門。人多怨望。士文從妹為齊氏嬪，有色，齊滅後，賜薛公長孫覽。覽妻鄭氏妬，譖之文獻后，后令覽離絕。士文恥之，不與相見。後應州刺史唐君明居母憂，娉以為妻，由是君明、士文並為御史所劾。士文性剛，在獄數日，憤恚而死，家無餘財，有三子，朝夕不繼，親賓無贍之者。

Soon he was made governor of Bei Province. By nature austere and frugal, he took no official stipend — his household held no surplus. Once his son ate cakes from the official kitchen. Shiwen had him shackled in prison for days, beaten two hundred strokes, and sent back to the capital on foot — not one servant dared leave the house. Salt and vegetables he bought had to come from outside his jurisdiction. Whenever he went out or returned, he sealed and signed his gate. Kin and friends ceased to visit; congratulations and condolences alike went unacknowledged. His laws were stern; officials and people submitted. Lost goods lay untouched on the road. For the slightest fault he would twist the law to destroy a man. Once at court he encountered the emperor granting the high officials entry to the left treasury — take whatever you will. Everyone took the heaviest loads. Shiwen alone held one bolt of silk in his mouth and one in each hand. The emperor asked why. Shiwen said, "My mouth and hands are both full — I require nothing else." The emperor marveled and sent him separate gifts. At his province Shiwen rooted out corrupt officials — embezzling even a foot of cloth or a pint of grain earned no mercy. A thousand men were reported up; all were sent to garrison Lingnan. Kin escorted them weeping — their cries filled the province. Reaching Lingnan, eight or nine in ten died of miasma and pestilence — and parents, wives, and children wept only for Shiwen. Hearing this, Shiwen had them seized and beaten until the whips piled before him — and the weeping only grew louder. Vice director Wei Kun of Jingzhao and magistrate of Qinghe Zhao Da of Hedong were both harsh; only the chief clerk governed with kindness. People said, "The governor's policy is a rakshasa's; the vice director glares like a viper; the chief clerk judges with a smile; Qinghe's magistrate devours men alive." The emperor heard and sighed, "Shiwen is more savage than a wild beast." In the end he was dismissed. Before long he was made chief clerk of Yong Province. He told people, "My laws have always been severe; I cannot court the mighty. I suppose I will die in this post." When he took up the post he enforced the law without fear of noble kin — not one guest dared come to his door. Many nursed resentment against him. Shiwen's cousin had been a concubine of Qi — beautiful. After Qi's fall she was given to Duke of Xue Changsun Lan. Lan's wife Lady Zheng, jealous, slandered her to Empress Wenxian — and the empress ordered Lan to cast her off. Shiwen was shamed and refused to see her. Later, when Tang Junming, governor of Ying Province, was in mourning for his mother, Shiwen took her as his wife — for this both Junming and Shiwen were impeached by the censorate. Shiwen was unyielding by nature. After a few days in prison he died of rage and indignation. His household held nothing spare; three sons went hungry morning and evening — neither kin nor friends would support them.

韓軌，字百年，太安狄那人也。少有志操，性深沈，喜怒不形於色。神武鎮晉州，引為鎮城都督。及起兵於信都，軌贊成大策。從破尒朱兆於廣阿，又從韓陵陣，封平昌縣侯。仍督中軍，從破尒朱兆於赤谼嶺。再遷泰州刺史。甚得邊和。神武巡泰州，欲以軌還，仍賜城人戶別絹布兩匹。州人田昭等七千戶皆辭不受，唯乞留軌。神武嘉嘆，乃留焉。頻以軍功，進封安德郡公。遷瀛州刺史，在州聚斂，為御史糾劾，削除官爵。未幾，復其安德郡公。歷位中書令、司徒。齊受禪，封安德郡王。軌妹為神武所納，生上黨王渙，復以勳庸，歷登臺鉉。常以謙恭自處，不以富貴驕人。後拜大司馬，從文宣征蠕蠕，在軍暴疾薨。贈假黃鉞，太宰、太師，諡曰肅武。皇建初，配饗文襄廟庭。

Han Gui, courtesy name Bainian, was a native of Dina in Tai'an. From youth he had resolution and integrity — deep and reserved, he never showed pleasure or anger on his face. When Gao Huan held Jin Province, he recruited Gui as garrison commander of the walled city. When arms were raised at Xindu, Gui supported the great plan. He followed in the defeat of Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a and fought at Hanling — and was enfeoffed marquis of Pingchang County. He continued to command the center army and followed in the defeat of Erzhu Zhao at Chihong Ridge. He was made governor of Tai Province. He won deep peace on the frontier. When Gao Huan inspected Tai Province and wished to transfer Gui away, he granted each household in the city two bolts of silk and cloth. Seven thousand households led by Tian Zhao declined the gift and begged only that Gui remain. Gao Huan praised and sighed with admiration — and kept him. Again and again for military merit he was advanced to duke of Ande Commandery. Made governor of Ying Province, he amassed wealth in office — the censorate impeached him and stripped his office and rank. Before long his ducal title of Ande was restored. He rose through director of the secretariat and minister of education. When Qi received the abdication, he was enfeoffed Prince of Ande Commandery. Gao Huan took Gui's younger sister as consort; she bore Prince Huan of Shangdang. Again through merit Gui rose to the highest offices of state. He always conducted himself with humility — never lording his wealth and rank over others. Later he was made grand marshal. Campaigning against the Rouran with Wenxuan, he died suddenly of illness in camp. Posthumously he was granted the acting yellow battle-axe, grand minister and grand preceptor — posthumous name Suwu. At the beginning of Huangjian he was granted posthumous sacrifice in Wenxiang's temple hall.

子晉明嗣。天統中，改封東萊王。晉明有俠氣，諸勳貴子孫中最留心學問。好酒誕縱，招引賓客，一席之費，動至萬錢，猶恨儉率。朝庭處之貴要之地，必以疾辭。告人云：「廢人飲美酒、封名勝，安能作刀筆吏返披故紙乎？」武平末，除尚書左僕射，百餘日便謝病解官。

His son Jinming succeeded him. During Tiantong his title was changed to Prince of Donglai. Jinming had a chivalrous spirit — among the sons of meritorious nobles he was most devoted to learning. He loved wine and lived without restraint, gathering guests — a single feast often cost ten thousand cash, and he still complained it was too spare. Whenever the court offered him a lofty post, he declined on grounds of illness. He told people, "A useless man drinking fine wine and sealing famous vistas — how could I go back to being a clerk pawing over old papers?" At the end of Wuping he was made left vice director of the Masters of Writing — after little more than a hundred days he resigned on grounds of illness.

潘樂，字相貴，廣寧石門人也。本廣宗大族，魏世分鎮北邊，因家焉。父永，有技藝，襲爵廣宗男。樂初生，有一雀止其母左肩，占者咸言富貴之徵，因名相貴，後始為字。及長，寬厚有膽略。初歸葛榮，授京兆王，時年十九。榮敗，隨尒朱榮，為別將討元顥，以功封敷城縣男。

Pan Le, courtesy name Xianggui, was a native of Shimen in Guangning. Originally a great clan of Guangzong — in Wei times they were posted to guard the northern frontier and settled there. His father Yong had technical skills and inherited the barony of Guangzong. When Le was born a sparrow alighted on his mother's left shoulder. Diviners all said it was a sign of wealth and rank — hence the name Xianggui, later adopted as his courtesy name. When he grew up he was generous and broad-minded, possessed of courage and strategy. At first he joined Ge Rong and was made Prince of Jingzhao — he was nineteen. When Rong was defeated he followed Erzhu Rong, served as a separate commander against Yuan Hao, and for merit was enfeoffed baron of Fucheng County.

齊神武出牧晉州，引樂為鎮城都將。從破尒朱兆於廣阿，進爵廣宗縣伯。累以軍功拜東雍州刺史。神武嘗議欲廢州，樂以東雍地帶山河，境連胡、蜀，形勝之會，不可棄也，遂如故。後破周師於河陰，議欲追之，令追者在西，不願者東，唯樂與劉豐居西。神武善之，以衆議不同而止。改封金門郡公。文宣嗣事，鎮河陽，破西將楊檦等。時帝以懷州刺史平鑒等所築城深入敵境，欲棄之，樂以軹關要害，必須防固，乃更修理，增置兵將，而還鎮河陽，拜司空。齊受禪，樂進璽綬。進封河東郡王，遷司徒。周文東至崤、陜，遣其行臺侯莫陳崇自齊子嶺趣軹關，儀同楊檦從鼓鐘道出建州，陷孤公戍。詔樂總大衆禦之。樂晝夜兼行，至長子，遣儀同韓永興從建州西趣崇，崇遂遁。又為南道大都督，討侯景。樂發石鱉，南度百餘里，至梁涇州。涇州舊在石梁，侯景改為懷州，樂獲其地，仍立涇州，又克安州。除瀛州刺史，仍略淮、漢。天保六年，薨於懸瓠。贈假黃鉞，太師、大司馬、尚書令。

When Gao Huan went out to hold Jin Province, he recruited Le as garrison general of the walled city. He followed in the defeat of Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a and was advanced to earl of Guangzong County. Again and again for military merit he was made governor of Eastern Yong Province. Gao Huan once debated abolishing the province. Le argued that Eastern Yong lay between mountains and rivers, bordered Hu and Shu, and occupied a strategically vital junction — it could not be abandoned. The province remained as before. Later, after defeating Zhou troops at Heyin, there was debate over pursuit — those willing to pursue stood west, the unwilling east. Only Le and Liu Feng stood on the west. Gao Huan approved — but because the council could not agree, he dropped the pursuit. He was re-enfeoffed as duke of Jinmen Commandery. When Gao Yang succeeded to power, he held the Heyang garrison and routed Western general Yang Piao and others. The emperor wished to abandon fortifications built by Huai Province governor Ping Jian and others, because they lay deep in enemy territory. Pan Le argued that Zhiguan Pass was a vital strongpoint and had to be held; he repaired the works, posted more troops and officers, returned to garrison Heyang, and was appointed minister of works. When Qi received the abdication, Pan Le presented the imperial seal and cord. He was advanced to Prince of Hedong Commandery and transferred to minister over the masses. Yuwen Tai marched east to Xiao and Shan, sending field headquarters Houmochen Chong from Qizi Ridge against Zhiguan Pass while yitong Yang Piao by the Guchong road into Jian Province captured the Gugong garrison. An edict ordered Pan Le to take overall command and meet the invasion. Pan Le forced the march day and night as far as Changzi, sent yitong Han Yongxing west from Jian Province against Houmochen Chong — and Chong fled. He was again made grand governor of the south route and sent against Hou Jing. Pan Le marched out from Shibie, drove south more than a hundred li, and reached Jing Province in Liang territory. Jing Province had stood at Shiliang until Hou Jing renamed it Huai Province. Pan Le recovered the ground, restored Jing Province, and also took An Province. He was appointed governor of Ying Province and continued to carry the war into the Huai and Han country. In the sixth year of Tianbao he died at Xuanchi. Posthumously he was granted the acting yellow battle-axe, grand preceptor, grand marshal, and director of the Masters of Writing.

子子晃嗣。諸將子弟，率多驕縱，子晃沈密謹愨，以清凈自居。尚公主，拜駙馬都尉。武平末，為幽州道行臺右僕射、幽州刺史。周師將入鄴，子晃率突騎數萬赴援。至博陵，知鄴城不守，詣冀州降。周授上開府。隋大業初卒。

His son Zihuan succeeded to the line. The sons of the great generals were mostly proud and undisciplined; Zihuan was grave, careful, and dutiful, claiming only quiet integrity for himself. He married an imperial princess and was appointed commandant of the emperor's son-in-law. At the end of the Wuping era he served as right vice director of the You Province circuit field headquarters and governor of You Province. When Northern Zhou armies were closing on Ye, Zihuan led tens of thousands of picked cavalry to the relief. He reached Baling, learned that Ye could not be held, and went to Ji Province to surrender. Zhou granted him an upper opening establishment. He died at the opening of the Daye era under Sui.

全文以中華書局、一九七二年十一月、第一版《北齊書》為本校。

The entire text has been collated against the November 1972 first edition of the Book of Northern Qi published by Zhonghua Shuju.

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