Volume 21 Biographies 13: Gao Gan (Northern Qi); Feng Longzhi

高乾弟慎弟昂弟季式封隆之子子繪從子孝琬孝琰

Gao Gan; his younger brothers Shen, Ang, and Jishi; Feng Longzhi; Feng's son Zihui; and Feng's nephews Xiaowan and Xiaoyan

高乾，字乾邕，渤海蓨人也。父翼，字次同，豪俠有風神，為州里所宗敬。孝昌末，葛榮作亂於燕、趙，朝廷以翼山東豪右，即家拜渤海太守。至郡未幾，賊徒愈盛，翼部率合境，徙居河、濟之間。魏因置東冀州，以翼為刺史，加鎮東將軍、樂城縣侯。及尒朱兆弒莊帝，翼保境自守。謂諸子曰：「主憂臣辱，主辱臣死，今社稷阽危，人神憤怨，破家報國，在此時也。尒朱兄弟，性甚猜忌，忌則多害，汝等宜早圖之。先人有奪人之心，時不可失也。」事未輯而卒。中興初，贈使持節、侍中、太保、錄尚書事、冀定瀛相殷幽六州諸軍事、冀州刺史，諡曰文宣。

Gao Gan, styled Qianyong, came from Tiao in Bohai. His father Yi, styled Citong, was a man of heroic temper and striking bearing, held in awe by the whole region. At the end of the Xiaochang era, Ge Rong rose in rebellion across Yan and Zhao. Because Yi was a leading magnate of the east, the court appointed him Administrator of Bohai without requiring him to leave home. He had scarcely taken office when the rebels swelled in strength. Yi gathered the entire commandery and moved it between the Yellow and Ji rivers. Wei then established Eastern Ji Province, made Yi its governor, and further granted him the title General Who Pacifies the East and Marquis of Lecheng County. When Erzhu Zhao murdered Emperor Xiaozhuang, Yi held his borders and kept himself apart. He told his sons, "When the ruler grieves, the minister is shamed; when the ruler is shamed, the minister must die. The altars stand on the brink, gods and men burn with anger — if ever a man is to break his house to save the realm, it is now. The Erzhu brothers are suspicious by nature, and suspicion breeds slaughter. You must strike before they do. The man who moves first already has the will to take what others hold — and the hour will not wait." But the plan was still unfinished when he died. At the beginning of the restoration he was posthumously granted bearer of the staff of authority, palace attendant, grand guardian, recorder of the affairs of the masters of writing, commander-in-chief of military affairs in Ji, Ding, Ying, Xiang, Yin, and You, and governor of Ji Province, with the posthumous title Wenxuan.

乾性明悟，俊偉有知略，美音容，進止都雅。少時輕俠，數犯公法，長而修改，輕財重義，多所交結。魏領軍元叉，權重當世，以意氣相得，接乾甚厚。起家拜員外散騎侍郎，領直後，轉太尉士曹、司徒中兵，遷員外。

Gan was bright and perceptive, tall and commanding, with a strategist's mind. His voice and face were handsome, his bearing altogether refined. In youth he was a reckless gallant who often ran afoul of the law; as a man he changed his ways, held wealth lightly and honor dearly, and bound himself to many allies. Yuan Cha, director of the palace guard, held the power of the age. He and Gan were kindred in spirit, and Cha treated Gan with exceptional favor. He first entered service as supernumerary master of writing for attendant cavalry, served as attendant at the rear, became chief clerk in the grand commandant's and central commandant's military offices, and was promoted to supernumerary master.

魏孝莊之居藩也，乾潛相托附。及尒朱榮入洛，乾東奔於翼。莊帝立，遙除龍驤將軍、通直散騎常侍。乾兄弟本有從橫志，見榮殺害人士，謂天下遂亂，乃率河北流人反於河、濟之間，受葛榮官爵，屢敗齊州士馬。莊帝尋遣右僕射元羅巡撫三齊，乾兄弟相率出降。朝廷以乾為給事黃門侍郎。尒朱榮以乾前罪，不應復居近要，莊帝聽乾解官歸鄉里。於是招納驍勇，以射獵自娛。榮死，乾馳赴洛陽，莊帝見之，大喜。時尒朱徒黨擁兵在外，莊帝以乾為金紫光祿大夫、河北大使，令招集鄉閭為表裏形援。乾垂涕奉詔，弟昂拔劍起舞，請以死自效。

While Emperor Xiaozhuang of Wei was still a prince, Gan secretly pledged himself to him. When Erzhu Rong entered Luoyang, Gan fled east to his father Yi. When Xiaozhuang took the throne, Gan was remotely appointed general of flying cavalry and general of the palace gate with regular attendance. The Gan brothers had long nursed ambitions of their own. When they saw Rong slaughter men of standing, they judged the realm would collapse into chaos. They led the displaced people of Hebei in rebellion between the Yellow and Ji rivers, accepted office and rank from Ge Rong, and repeatedly routed the forces of Qi Province. The court soon sent Right Vice Director Yuan Luo to pacify the three Qi regions, and the Gan brothers surrendered together. The court appointed Gan supervising secretary of the yellow gate. Erzhu Rong, citing Gan's earlier crimes, argued that he should not again hold a post near the throne. Xiaozhuang allowed Gan to resign and return home. Thereupon he gathered fierce warriors and passed his days hunting. When Rong died, Gan galloped to Luoyang. Xiaozhuang received him and was overjoyed. Erzhu's partisans still held armies outside the capital. The emperor made Gan grand master of golden crown and purple radiance and envoy to Hebei, ordering him to rally his homeland into a pillar at court and a blade in the field. Gan received the edict with tears streaming down his face. His younger brother Ang drew his sword and danced, begging to die in the emperor's service.

俄而尒朱兆入洛，尋遣其監軍孫白鷂百餘騎至冀州，托言普徵民馬，欲待乾兄弟送馬，因收之。乾既宿有報復之心，而白鷂忽至，知將見圖，乃先機定策，潛勒壯士，襲據州城，傳檄州郡，殺白鷂，執刺史元仲宗。推封隆之權行州事，為莊帝舉哀，三軍縞素。乾升壇誓衆，辭氣激揚，涕淚交下，將士莫不哀憤。北受幽州刺史劉靈助節度，共為影響。俄而靈助被殺。

Before long Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang and sent his supervising officer Sun Baiyao with more than a hundred horsemen to Ji Province, claiming a general levy of civilian horses — but intending to seize the Gan brothers when they came to deliver them. Gan had long nursed a mind for vengeance. When Baiyao arrived without warning, he knew a trap was closing. He seized the initiative, secretly mustered strong men, took the provincial capital by surprise, sent proclamations through the commanderies and prefectures, killed Baiyao, and arrested Governor Yuan Zhongzong. He had Feng Longzhi provisionally administer the province, held mourning rites for Emperor Xiaozhuang, and clothed the whole army in white. Gan mounted the altar to swear the host. His words burned with passion, voice breaking through tears, and officers and soldiers alike wept with grief and fury. To the north he accepted the command of Liu Lingzhu, governor of You Province, and acted in concert with him. Before long Lingzhu was killed.

屬高祖出山東，揚聲來討，衆情莫不惶懼。乾謂其徒曰：「吾聞高晉州雄略蓋世，其志不居人下。且尒朱無道，殺主虐民，正是英雄效義之會也。今日之來，必有深計，吾當輕馬奉迎，密參意旨，諸君但勿憂懼，聽我一行。」乾乃將十數騎於關口迎謁。乾既曉達時機，閑習世事，言辭慷慨，雅合深旨，高祖大加賞重，仍同帳寢宿。時高祖雖內有遠圖，而外跡未見，尒朱羽生為殷州刺史，高祖密遣李元忠舉兵逼其城，令乾率衆偽往救之。乾遂輕騎入見羽生，與指畫軍計。羽生與乾俱出，因擒之，遂平殷州。又共定策推立中興主，拜乾侍中、司空。先是信都草創，軍國權輿，乾遭喪不得終制。及武帝立，天下初定，乾乃表請解職，行三年之禮。詔聽解侍中，司空如故，封長樂郡公，邑一千戶。乾雖求退，不謂便見從許。既去內侍，朝廷罕所關知，居常怏怏。

Just then Gao Huan marched out of Shandong, proclaiming that he came to punish the rebels, and the whole host trembled with fear. Gan told his followers, "I have heard that Gao of Jin Province has a heroic strategy that covers the age, and a will that will not rest beneath any man. The Erzhu are without the Way — they murdered their lord and torment the people. This is the hour for a hero to prove his loyalty. He does not come without a deep design. I shall ride out with a light escort to meet him and learn his intent in secret. Put aside your fear and let me go alone." Gan then took a dozen horsemen to the pass to meet him. Gan read the moment clearly and knew the affairs of the age. His words were generous and struck the deepest chord. Gao Huan valued him greatly and shared his tent and bed. Gao Huan already nursed far-reaching designs within, though nothing showed without. Erzhu Yusheng held Yin Province, and Gao Huan secretly sent Li Yuanzhong to raise troops and press his city, ordering Gan to lead the host in feigned rescue. Gan rode in with a light escort to see Yusheng and discussed military plans with him. Yusheng went out with Gan and was seized on the spot. Yin Province was pacified. Together they settled the plan to establish the restoration sovereign. Gan was appointed palace attendant and minister of works. Earlier, when Xindu was first founded and state and army were still in embryo, Gan had met with bereavement and could not complete his mourning rites. When Emperor Xiaojuan was enthroned and the realm was first settled, Gan memorialized asking to resign and observe the three-year mourning rites. An edict permitted him to resign the palace attendantship while retaining the ministry of works, and enfeoffed him duke of Changle Commandery with a fief of one thousand households. Gan had sought withdrawal, but he had not expected consent so quickly. Once removed from inner attendance, he was rarely consulted on court affairs, and discontent settled on him.

武帝將貳於高祖，望乾為己用，會於華林園，讌罷，獨留乾，謂之曰：「司空奕世忠良，今日復建殊效，相與雖則君臣，實亦義同兄弟，宜共立盟約以敦情契。」殷勤逼之。乾對曰：「臣世奉朝廷，遇荷殊寵，以身許國，何敢有貳。」乾雖有此對，然非其本心。事出倉卒，又不謂武帝便有異圖，遂不固辭，而不啟高祖。及武帝置部曲，乾乃私謂所親曰：「主上不親勳賢，而招集群豎。數遣元士弼、王思政往來關西，與賀拔岳計議。又出賀拔勝為荊州刺史，外示疏忌，實欲樹黨，令其兄弟相近，冀據有西方。禍難將作，必及於我。」乃密啟高祖。高祖召乾詣幷州，面論時事，乾因勸高祖以受魏禪。高祖以袖掩其口曰：「勿妄言。今啟司空復為侍中，門下之事，一以相委。」高祖屢啟，詔書竟不施行。

Emperor Xiaojuan wished to turn against Gao Huan and hoped to use Gan. They met in the Huilin Garden, and when the feast ended the emperor kept Gan alone. "The Minister of Works comes from generations of loyalty," he said, "and today you have again achieved extraordinary merit. Though in name we are lord and minister, in truth we are as brothers. We should swear a covenant to bind our hearts together." He pressed him earnestly. Gan replied, "Your servant has served the court for generations and received extraordinary favor. I have pledged my body to the state — how dare I be of two minds?" Though Gan gave this answer, it was not from his true heart. The matter arose in haste. He had not expected Xiaojuan to harbor a divergent design, and so did not firmly refuse — yet he did not inform Gao Huan. When Xiaojuan established personal troops, Gan privately told those close to him, "The emperor does not draw near meritorious men. He gathers a pack of villains instead. He repeatedly sends Yuan Shibi and Wang Sizheng back and forth to Guanxi to consult with Heba Yue. He also sends Heba Sheng out as governor of Jing Province — outwardly showing estrangement, in truth building a faction, placing the brothers near one another in hope of holding the west. Disaster is about to break out, and it will reach us." He thereupon secretly informed Gao Huan. Gao Huan summoned Gan to Bing Province and discussed affairs of the age face to face. Gan thereupon urged Gao Huan to accept the abdication of Wei. Gao Huan covered Gan's mouth with his sleeve. "Do not speak rashly, Now I shall report that the Minister of Works is restored as palace attendant. All affairs of the secretariat I entrust entirely to you." Gao Huan reported repeatedly, but the edict in the end was never issued.

乾以頻請不遂，知變難將起，密啟高祖，求為徐州，乃除使持節、都督三徐諸軍事、開府儀同三司、徐州刺史。指期將發，而帝知乾泄漏前事，乃詔高祖云：「曾與乾邕私有盟約，今復反覆兩端。」高祖便取乾前後數啟論時事者，遣使封送武帝。帝召乾邕示之，禁於門下省，對高祖使人責乾前後之失。乾曰：「臣以身奉國，義盡忠貞，陛下既立異圖，而乃云臣反覆。以匹夫加諸罪，尚或難免，況人主推惡，復何逃命。欲加之罪，其無辭乎？功大身危，自古然也。若死而有知，庶無負莊帝。」遂賜死，時年三十七。乾臨死，神色不變，見者莫不嘆惜焉。時武衛將軍元整監刑，謂乾曰：「頗有書及家人乎？」乾曰：「吾兄弟分張，各在異處，今日之事，想無全者，兒子既小，未有所識，亦恐巢傾卵破，夫欲何言。」後高祖討斛斯椿等，次盟津，謂乾弟昂曰：「若早用司空之策，豈有今日之舉也！」天平初，贈使持節、都督冀定滄瀛幽齊徐青光兗十州軍事、太師、錄尚書事、冀州刺史，諡曰文昭。長子繼叔襲祖樂城縣侯，令第二子呂兒襲乾爵。

Because his repeated requests went unanswered, Gan knew turmoil was about to break out. He secretly informed Gao Huan, asked for Xu Province, and was appointed bearer of the staff of authority, area commander over the three Xu regions, opener of a government office equal in protocol to three imperators, and governor of Xu Province. On the day he was to depart, the emperor learned that Gan had leaked the earlier affair and told Gao Huan, "I once privately swore a covenant with Qianyong. Now he turns and wavers between two sides." Gao Huan then took Gan's earlier memorials discussing affairs of the age, had an envoy seal them, and sent them to Xiaojuan. The emperor summoned Qianyong, showed him the memorials, and confined him in the secretariat, while Gao Huan's envoy reproached Gan for his earlier and later faults. Gan said, "Your servant pledged his body to the state and exhausted loyalty to the end. Your Majesty already harbors a divergent design, yet you say I waver. When a common man is falsely charged, escape may still be hard. How much less when the lord of men turns his hatred upon one — where then is escape? If you wish to add guilt to a man, will words be lacking? Great merit brings peril to the body — it has been so since antiquity. If death brings awareness, I may yet stand without shame before Emperor Xiaozhuang." He was thereupon granted death. He was thirty-seven. At the point of death Gan's expression did not change. All who saw it sighed in regret. Military Guard General Yuan Zheng supervised the execution and asked Gan, "Do you have letters or words for your family?" Gan said, "My brothers are scattered, each in a different place. In today's affair I think none will survive whole. My sons are still small and understand nothing. I fear the nest overturned and the eggs broken — what words are there to leave?" Later, when Gao Huan campaigned against Husi Chun and the rest and halted at Mengjin, he told Gan's younger brother Ang, "Had we early used the Minister of Works' plan, would we have needed today's campaign!" At the beginning of Tianping he was posthumously granted bearer of the staff of authority, commander-in-chief of military affairs in Ji, Ding, Cang, Ying, You, Qi, Xu, Qing, Guang, and Yan, grand preceptor, recorder of the affairs of the masters of writing, and governor of Ji Province, with the posthumous title Wenzhao. The eldest son Jishu inherited his grandfather's marquisate of Lecheng County; the second son Luer was ordered to inherit Gan's rank.

乾弟慎，字仲密，頗涉文史，與兄弟志尚不同，偏為父所愛。魏中興初，除滄州刺史、東南道行臺尚書。太昌初，遷光州刺史，加驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。時天下初定，聽慎以本鄉部曲數千人自隨。慎為政嚴酷，又縱左右，吏民苦之。兄乾死，密棄州將歸高祖，武帝勑青州斷其歸路。慎間行至晉陽，高祖以為大行臺左丞，轉尚書，當官無所迴避，時咸畏憚之。自義旗之後，安州民恃其邊險，不賓王化，尋以慎為行臺僕射，率衆討平之。天平末，拜侍中，加開府。

Gan's younger brother Shen, styled Zhongmi, was broadly versed in letters and history. His ambitions differed from his brothers', and his father favored him in particular. At the beginning of the Wei restoration he was appointed governor of Cang Province and director of the masters of writing on the southeastern circuit. At the beginning of Taichang he was transferred to governor of Guang Province, additionally made grand general of agile cavalry and opener of a government office equal in protocol to three imperators. When the realm was first settled, Shen was permitted to bring several thousand men of his native district as personal followers. Shen governed with harsh cruelty and indulged his attendants. Officials and commoners suffered under him. When his elder brother Gan died, he secretly abandoned his province and intended to return to Gao Huan. Emperor Xiaojuan ordered Qing Province to cut off his route home. Shen made his way by hidden paths to Jinyang. Gao Huan made him left assistant master of the mobile office, then transferred him to the masters of writing. In office he never shrank back, and at the time all feared him. After the banner of righteousness was raised, the people of An Province relied on their border fastness and would not submit to royal rule. Shen was soon made vice master of the mobile office and led troops to suppress and pacify them. At the end of Tianping he was appointed palace attendant and additionally made opener of a government office.

元象初，出為兗州刺史。尋征為御史中尉，選用御史，多其親戚鄉閭，不稱朝望，世宗奏令改選焉。慎前妻吏部郎中崔暹妹，為慎所棄。暹時為世宗委任，慎謂其構己，性既狷急，積懷憤恨，因是罕有糾劾，多所縱舍。高祖嫌責之，彌不自安。出為北豫州刺史，遂據武牢降西魏。慎先入關。周文帝率衆東出，高祖破之於邙山。慎妻子將西度，於路盡禽之。高祖以其勳家，啟慎一房配沒而已。

At the beginning of Yuanxiang he went out as governor of Yan Province. Soon he was recalled as director of the imperial censors. The censors he selected were mostly his kin and men of his district, falling short of the court's expectations, and Gao Cheng memorialized ordering a new selection. Shen's former wife was the younger sister of Cui Xuan, director in the ministry of personnel. Shen had cast her aside. Xuan was then entrusted by Gao Cheng. Shen believed he was plotting against him. Shen's nature was narrow and hasty, and resentment accumulated in his heart. Because of this he rarely impeached anyone and often let offenses pass. Gao Huan reproached and blamed him. He grew only more ill at ease. He went out as governor of northern Yu Province, held Wulao, and surrendered to Western Wei. Shen entered the Pass first. Yuwen Tai led his host east. Gao Huan defeated him at Mount Mang. Shen's wife and children were about to cross west. On the road they were all captured. Because his was a house of merit, Gao Huan reported that only Shen's own household should be enslaved.

昂，字敖曹，乾第三弟。幼稚時，便有壯氣。長而俶儻，膽力過人，龍眉豹頸，姿體雄異。其父為求嚴師，令加捶撻。昂不遵師訓，專事馳騁，每言男兒當橫行天下，自取富貴，誰能端坐讀書作老博士也。與兄乾數為劫掠，州縣莫能窮治。招聚劍客，家資傾盡，鄉閭畏之，無敢違迕。父翼常謂人曰：「此兒不滅我族，當大吾門，不直為州豪也。」

Ang, styled Aocao, was Gan's third younger brother. Even as a child he already had a warrior's spirit. When grown he was boldly unconstrained, with courage and strength beyond other men — dragon brows, leopard neck, a body built for war. His father Yi, seeking a strict tutor, had him beaten and whipped. Ang did not follow his teacher's instructions. He devoted himself to riding and roaming, often saying, "A man ought to sweep across the world and seize wealth and rank for himself — who would sit upright reading books to become some old pedant? With his elder brother Gan he repeatedly raided and plundered. No county or prefecture could bring them to justice. He gathered swordsmen until the family's wealth was spent. The village folk feared him, and none dared oppose him. His father Yi would often tell people, "This boy, far from destroying our clan, will enlarge our house — he is no mere local strongman.

建義初，兄弟共舉兵，既而奉旨散衆，仍除通直散騎侍郎，封武城縣伯，邑五百戶。乾解官歸，與昂俱在鄉里，陰養壯士。尒朱榮聞而惡之，密令刺史元仲宗誘執昂，送於晉陽。永安末，榮入洛，以昂自隨，禁於駝牛署。既而榮死，魏莊帝既引見勞勉之。時尒朱既隆還逼宮闕，帝親臨大夏門指麾處分。昂既免縲絏，被甲橫戈，志淩勁敵。乃與其從子長命等推鋒徑進，所向披靡。帝及觀者莫不壯之。卽除直閤將軍，賜帛千疋。

At the beginning of Jianyi the brothers together raised troops. Obeying an imperial order, they dispersed their followers. Ang was then made attendant-in-ordinary in regular attendance on the cavalry and enfeoffed baron of Wucheng County with a fief of five hundred households. Gan resigned his office and returned home. Together with Ang he remained in their district, secretly training bold warriors. Erzhu Rong, hearing of this, took a dislike to them and secretly ordered Prefect Yuan Zhongzong to lure and seize Ang, sending him to Jinyang. At the end of Yongan, Rong entered Luoyang and brought Ang with him, imprisoning him at the Camel-and-Ox Office. Not long afterward Rong died. Emperor Xiaozhuang received Ang in audience and comforted and encouraged him. At that time the Erzhu faction, grown powerful, again pressed on the palace gates. The emperor personally came to the Great Xia Gate to command and direct dispositions. Ang, now freed from his bonds, donned armor and grasped his halberd, his spirit soaring above the fiercest foes. He then drove forward with his nephew Changming and others at the spearhead. Wherever they struck, none could stand. The emperor and all who watched were struck by his valor. He was immediately made general of the straight gate and granted a thousand bolts of silk.

昂以寇難尚繁，非一夫所濟，乃請還本鄉，招集部曲。仍除通直常侍，加平北將軍。所在義勇，競來投赴。尋值京師不守，遂與父兄據信都起義。殷州刺史尒朱羽生潛軍來襲，奄至城下，昂不暇擐甲，將十餘騎馳之，羽生退走，人情遂定。後廢帝立，除使持節、冀州刺史以終其身。仍為大都督，率衆從高祖破尒朱兆於廣阿。及平鄴，別率所部領黎陽。又隨高祖討尒朱兆於韓陵，昂自領鄉人部曲王桃湯、東方老、呼延族等三千人。高祖曰：「高都督純將漢兒，恐不濟事，今當割鮮卑兵千餘人共相參雜，於意如何？」昂對曰：「敖曹所將部曲練習已久，前後戰鬭，不減鮮卑，今若雜之，情不相合，勝則爭功，退則推罪，願自領漢軍，不煩更配。」高祖然之。及戰，高祖不利，軍小卻，兆等方乘之。高岳、韓匈奴等以五百騎沖其前，斛律敦收散卒躡其後，昂與蔡儁以千騎自栗園出，橫擊兆軍。兆衆由是大敗。是日微昂等，高祖幾殆。

Ang reasoned that the calamity of invasion was still severe and no one man could remedy it. He therefore asked to return to his home district and gather his retainers. He was also made attendant-in-ordinary in regular attendance and additionally given the title general who pacifies the north. Brave volunteers everywhere raced to join him. Soon the capital fell. He then joined his father and brothers in raising the righteous banner at Xindu. Erzhu Yusheng, governor of Yinzhou, sent troops in a stealth attack that suddenly reached the city walls. Ang had no time to don armor. With just over ten riders he galloped forth, and Yusheng retreated — the people's hearts were thus settled. When the Deposed Emperor was established, Ang was made bearer of the staff and governor of Ji Province — an office he held for life. He also served as grand commander, leading troops to follow Gao Huan in defeating Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a. When Ye was pacified, he separately led his own forces to hold Liyang. He again followed Gao Huan in campaigning against Erzhu Zhao at Hanling. Ang personally led three thousand men from his home district's retinue — Wang Taotang, Dongfang Lao, Huyan Zu, and others. Gao Huan said, "Commander Gao will lead only Han men — I fear that will not suffice. Now we should assign more than a thousand Xianbei soldiers to be mixed among them. What do you think of this?" Ang replied, "The retainers I, Aocao, command have long been drilled. In battle after battle they are no less than the Xianbei. If we mix the forces now, their spirits will not unite — in victory they will quarrel over credit, in retreat they will blame one another. I wish to lead Han troops alone and need no further reassignment." Gao Huan approved. When battle was joined, Gao Huan fared poorly. The army fell back slightly, and Zhao and his men were just pressing their advantage. Gao Yue, Han the Xiongnu, and others charged their front with five hundred cavalry. Hulü Dun gathered the scattered troops and pursued from the rear. Ang and Cai Jun came out from Liyuan with a thousand riders and struck Zhao's army on the flank. Zhao's host was utterly routed. That day, without Ang and the others, Gao Huan would have perished.

時高祖方有事關隴，以昂為西南道大都督，徑趣商洛。山道峻隘，已為寇所守險，昂轉鬭而進，莫有當其鋒者。遂攻剋上洛，獲西魏洛州刺史泉企，並將帥數十人。會竇泰失利，召昂班師。時昂為流矢所中，創甚，顧謂左右曰：「吾以身許國，死無恨矣，所可嘆息者，不見季式作刺史耳。」高祖聞之，既馳驛啟季式為濟州刺史。

At that time Gao Huan was occupied with affairs in Guan and Long. He made Ang grand commander on the southwestern route, pressing straight toward Shangluo. The mountain roads were steep and narrow, and the enemy already held the passes. Ang fought his way forward — none could stand against his spearhead. He then captured Shangluo, taking Western Wei governor of Luo Province Quan Qi along with several dozen other commanders. When Dou Tai suffered defeat, Ang was recalled to withdraw his troops. By then Ang had been struck by a stray arrow. His wound was grave. He turned to those beside him and said, "I have given my body to the state — I die without regret. All I lament is that I shall not live to see Jishi made governor." When Gao Huan heard this, he immediately sent a courier to appoint Jishi governor of Ji Province.

昂還，復為軍司大都督，統七十六都督，與行臺侯景治兵於武牢。御史中尉劉貴時亦率衆在北豫州，與昂小有忿爭，昂怒，鳴鼓會兵而攻之。侯景與冀州刺史万俟受洛干救解乃止。其俠氣淩物如此。於時鮮卑共輕中華朝士，唯憚服於昂。高祖每申令三軍，常鮮卑語，昂若在列，則為華言。昂嘗詣相府，掌門者不納，昂怒，引弓射之。高祖知而不責。

After Ang returned, he again served as grand commander of the army staff, supervising seventy-six area commanders, and with mobile-circuit commissioner Hou Jing drilled troops at Wulao. Censor-in-chief Liu Gui at that time also led troops in Northern Yu Province. He and Ang had a minor quarrel. Ang flew into a rage, beat the drums to muster his men, and attacked him. Hou Jing and Ji Province governor Moqi Shouluogan came to the rescue, and only then was it stopped. Such was the swaggering boldness with which he towered over all around him. At that time the Xianbei jointly looked down on Chinese court officials — only Ang they feared and obeyed. Whenever Gao Huan addressed the three armies, he usually spoke in Xianbei. But if Ang was present in the ranks, he used Chinese. Once Ang went to the chief minister's headquarters. The gatekeeper would not admit him. Ang grew angry and strung his bow to shoot the man. Gao Huan knew of it but did not punish him.

元象元年，進封京兆郡公，邑一千戶。與侯景等同攻獨孤如願於金墉城，周文帝率衆救之。戰於邙陰，昂所部失利，左右分散，單馬東出，欲趣河陽南城，門閉不得入，遂為西軍所害，時年四十八。贈使持節侍中、都督冀定滄瀛殷五州諸軍事、太師、大司馬、太尉公、錄尚書事、冀州刺史，諡忠武。子突騎嗣，早卒。世宗復召昂諸子，親簡其第三子道豁嗣。皇建初，追封昂永昌王。道豁襲，武平末，開府儀同三司。入周，授儀同大將軍。開皇中，卒於黃州刺史。

In the first year of Yuanxiang his rank was advanced to duke of Jingzhao Commandery with a fief of a thousand households. Together with Hou Jing and the others he besieged Dugu Ruyuan at Jinyong city. Yuwen Tai led troops to the rescue. They fought at the north bank of the Mang. Ang's command faltered and his attendants scattered. He rode alone eastward, intending to reach the south wall of Heyang — the gate was closed and he could not enter, and Western troops killed him. He was forty-eight. Posthumously he was granted bearer of the staff, palace attendant, commander-in-chief of military affairs in Ji, Ding, Cang, Ying, and Yin, grand tutor, grand marshal, grand commandant, director of the masters of writing, and governor of Ji Province, with the posthumous title Zhongwu. His son Tuqi succeeded but died young. Gao Cheng summoned Ang's sons again and personally selected his third son Daohuo to succeed. At the beginning of Huangjian, Ang was posthumously enfeoffed as prince of Yongchang. Daohuo inherited the title. At the end of Wuping he was made opener of a government office equal in protocol to three imperators. After submitting to Zhou, he was granted the title of general equal in protocol to three imperators. During the Kaihuang era he died while serving as governor of Huangzhou.

季式，字子通，乾第四弟也。亦有膽氣。中興初，拜鎮遠將軍、正員郎，遷衛將軍、金紫光祿大夫，尋加散騎常侍，領主衣都統。太昌初，除尚食典御。

Jishi, styled Zitong, was Gan's fourth younger brother. He too possessed courage and boldness. At the beginning of Zhongxing he was appointed general who pacifies the distance and regular attendant, transferred to general of the guard and grand master for the golden seal and purple ribbon, and soon additionally made attendant cavalier at attendance in regular succession and put in charge of the directorate of imperial robes. At the beginning of Taichang he was made director of imperial provisions.

天平中，出為濟州刺史。山東舊賊劉盤陀、史明曜等攻劫道路，剽掠村邑，齊、兗、青、徐四州患之，歷政不能討。季式至，皆破滅之。尋有濮陽民杜靈椿等攻城剽野，聚衆將萬人，季式遣騎三百，一戰擒之。又陽平路叔文徒黨緒顯等立營柵為亂，季式討平之。又有羣賊破南河郡，季式遣兵臨之，應時斬戮。自茲以後，遠近清晏。季式兄弟貴盛，並有勳於時，自領部曲千餘人，馬八百匹，戈甲器仗皆備，故凡追督賊盜，多致克捷。有客嘗謂季式曰：「濮陽、陽平乃是畿內，既不奉命，又不侵境，而有何急，遣私軍遠戰？萬一失脫，豈不招罪？」季式曰：「君言何不忠之甚也！我與國義同安危，豈有見賊不討之理？且賊知臺軍卒不能來，又不疑外州有救，未備之間，破之必矣。兵尚神速，何得後機，若以獲罪，吾亦無恨。」

During Tianping he went out as governor of Ji Province. The old bandits of Shandong — Liu Pantuo, Shi Mingyao, and others — attacked travelers on the roads and raided villages and towns. The four provinces of Qi, Yan, Qing, and Xu suffered from them, yet successive administrations could not subdue them. When Jishi arrived, he destroyed them all. Soon thereafter the Puyang commoner Du Lingchun and others assaulted cities and pillaged the countryside, gathering a crowd of nearly ten thousand. Jishi sent three hundred cavalry and captured them in a single battle. Also, the Yangping partisan Luo Shuwen's follower Xu Xian and others erected stockades in rebellion — Jishi crushed them. Again, a band of robbers broke through Nanhe Commandery. Jishi sent troops against them and beheaded the lot without delay. From then on, far and near enjoyed peace and order. Jishi and his brothers were exalted and prosperous, each with distinction in their time. Jishi personally led more than a thousand retainers, eight hundred horses, and full armor and weapons — hence whenever he pursued and suppressed bandits, he more often than not won decisive victories. A guest once said to Jishi, "Puyang and Yangping lie within the capital region. They neither obey orders nor cross your borders — what urgency is there to send private troops on a distant campaign? If you fail and are caught, will you not invite punishment?" Jishi said, "Your words are deeply disloyal! I and the state share one fate in weal and woe — how could I see bandits and not strike them down? Besides, the bandits know the court's army cannot come in time and do not suspect rescue from another province. Before they are prepared, we can surely break them. War favors speed — why wait for a slower hand? If I am punished for this, I shall have no regret.

元象中，西寇大至。高祖親率三軍以禦之，陣於邙北，師徒大敗，河中流尸相繼，敗兵首尾不絕。人情騷動，謂世事艱難。所親部曲請季式曰：「今日形勢，大事去矣，可將腹心二百騎奔梁，既得避禍，不失富貴。何為坐受死也？」季式曰：「吾兄弟受國厚恩，與高王共定天下，一旦傾危，亡去不義。若社稷顛覆，當背城死戰，安能區區偷生茍活！」是役也，司徒歿焉。

During Yuanxiang, Western invaders arrived in force. Gao Huan personally led the three armies to meet them and formed battle lines north of the Mang. The army suffered a great defeat — corpses floated down the river in unbroken succession, and routed troops stretched from van to rear without end. Hearts everywhere were stirred. People spoke of the world's difficulties. Jishi's trusted retainers urged him, "Today's situation is lost. Take two hundred of your closest riders and flee to Liang — you will escape disaster and keep your wealth and rank. Why sit here and wait for death?" Jishi said, "My brothers and I have received the state's deep favor. Together with Gao Huan we settled the realm. Now that all is collapsing, to flee would be unrighteous. If the altars are overturned, I shall die fighting with my back to the wall — how could I steal my life away in petty survival?" In this campaign the minister over the masses fell.

入為散騎常侍。興和中，行晉州事。解州，仍鎮永安戍。高慎以武牢叛，遣信報季式。季式得書驚懼，既狼狽奔告高祖。高祖嘉其至誠，待之如舊。武定中，除侍中，尋加冀州大中正，時世宗先為此任，啟以迴授。為都督，從清河公岳破蕭明於寒山，敗侯景於渦陽。還，除衛尉卿。復為都督，從清河公攻王思政於潁川，拔之。以前後功加儀同三司。天保初，封乘氏縣子。仍為都督，隨司徒潘樂征討江、淮之間。為私使樂人於邊境交易，還京，坐被禁止，尋而赦之。四年夏，發疽卒，年三十八。贈侍中、使持節、都督滄冀州諸軍事、開府儀同三司、冀州刺史，諡曰恭穆。

He entered the capital as attendant cavalier at attendance in regular succession. During Xinghe he administered Jin Province affairs. He relinquished the province but continued to garrison Yong'an fortress. Gao Shen rebelled at Wulao and sent a messenger to inform Jishi. Jishi, reading the letter, was alarmed and frightened. He immediately fled in disarray to report to Gao Huan. Gao Huan praised his utmost loyalty and treated him as before. During Wuding he was made palace attendant and soon additionally made chief rectifier of Ji Province. Gao Cheng had previously held this post and memorialized to have it transferred back to Jishi. As area commander, he followed the Duke of Qinghe, Yue, in defeating Xiao Ming at Hanshan and Hou Jing at Woyang. On his return he was made director of the court of imperial stud. Again serving as area commander, he followed the Duke of Qinghe in attacking Wang Si'en at Yingchuan and took the city. For his cumulative merits he was additionally granted equal in protocol to three imperators. At the beginning of Tianbao he was enfeoffed as viscount of Chengshi County. He continued as area commander, following Minister over the Masses Pan Yue in campaigning between the Yangtze and Huai. He privately sent musicians to trade at the border. On returning to the capital he was detained on that charge, but was soon pardoned. In the fourth summer he died of a carbuncle. He was thirty-eight. Posthumously he was granted palace attendant, bearer of the staff, commander of military affairs in Cang and Ji provinces, opener of a government office equal in protocol to three imperators, and governor of Ji Province, with the posthumous title Gongmu.

季式豪率好酒，又恃舉家勳功，不拘檢節。與光州刺史李元忠生平遊款，在濟州夜飲，憶元忠，開城門，令左右乘驛持一壺酒往光州勸元忠。朝廷知而容之。兄慎叛後，少時解職。黃門郎司馬消難，左僕射子如之子，又是高祖之婿，勢盛當時。因退食暇，尋季式與之酣飲。留宿旦日，重門並閉，關籥不通。消難固請云：「我是黃門郎，天子侍臣，豈有不參朝之理？且已一宿不歸，家君必當大怪。今若又留我狂飲，我得罪無辭，恐君亦不免譴責。」季式曰：「君自稱黃門郎，又言畏家君怪，欲以地勢脅我邪？高季式死自有處，實不畏此。」消難拜謝請出，終不見許。酒至，不肯飲。季式云：「我留君盡興，君是何人，不為我痛飲。」命左右索車輪括消難頸，又索一輪自括頸，仍命酒引滿相勸。消難不得已，欣笑而從之，方乃俱脫車輪，更留一宿。是時失消難兩宿，莫知所在，內外驚異。及消難出，方具言之。世宗在京輔政，白魏帝賜消難美酒數石，珍羞十輿，並令朝士與季式親狎者，就季式宅讌集。其被優遇如此。

Jishi was bold and unrestrained, fond of wine. He also relied on his family's collective merits and observed no restraint in conduct. He and Guangzhou governor Li Yuanzhong had been close friends all their lives. While drinking one night in Ji Province, he thought of Yuanzhong — opened the city gates and had attendants take post-horses carrying a jar of wine to Guang Province to share a cup with Yuanzhong. The court knew of it but indulged him. After his elder brother Shen rebelled, he resigned from office for a time. Sima Xiaonan of the Yellow Gate was the son of Left Vice Director Sima Ziru and a son-in-law of Gao Huan — a man whose power stood at its height. One day after court, in the idle hours of his leave, he sought out Gao Jishi and drank with him until they were both well beyond sober. Xiaonan stayed the night through until dawn; every gate, inner and outer, was shut and barred. Xiaonan pleaded earnestly: "I am a Yellow Gate Attendant, a minister who attends the Son of Heaven — how can I fail to appear at court? I have already been gone one night; my father will surely be alarmed beyond measure. If you keep me here for another night of wild drinking, I will have no defense when I am charged — and I fear you will not escape censure either." Jishi said: "You call yourself a Yellow Gate Attendant and speak of fearing your father's wrath — do you mean to intimidate me with your family's standing? Gao Jishi will die where and when he must; I fear nothing of this." Xiaonan bowed and begged to be released, but permission never came. When wine was brought, he would not drink. Jishi said: "I keep you here to drink your fill — what sort of guest are you, that you will not drink deeply for me?" He ordered his attendants to fetch cart-wheel rims and clamp one around Xiaonan's neck; he fetched another and clamped it around his own. Then he ordered wine, filled the cups to the brim, and urged each other to drink. Xiaonan had no choice; he laughed and drank. Only then did they remove the wheels — and he was kept another night. Xiaonan had now been missing two nights; no one knew where he was, and court and city alike were astonished. When Xiaonan at last emerged, he told the whole story. Gao Cheng was administering affairs in the capital; he reported to the Wei emperor and had several shi of fine wine and ten cartloads of delicacies bestowed on Xiaonan, and ordered court gentlemen who were close to Jishi to gather for a banquet at Jishi's residence. Such was the favor he received.

翼長兄子永樂、次兄子延伯，並和厚有長者稱，俱從翼舉義。永樂官至衛將軍、右光祿大夫、冀州大中正，出為博陵太守，以民事不濟，自殺。贈使持節、督滄冀二州諸軍事、儀同三司、冀州刺史。子長命，本自賤出，年二十餘始被收舉。猛暴好殺，然亦果於戰鬭。初於大夏門拒尒朱世隆，以功累遷左光祿大夫。高祖遙授長命雍州刺史，封沮陽鄉男，一百戶。尋進封鄢陵縣伯，增二百戶，武定中，隨儀同劉豐討侯景，為景所殺。贈冀州刺史。延伯歷中散大夫、安州刺史，封萬年縣男，邑二百戶。天保初，加征西將軍，進爵為子。卒，贈太府少卿。

Gao Yi's eldest brother's son Yongle and his second brother's son Yanbo were both called gentle and generous, men of elder bearing; both followed Yi when he raised the banner of revolt. Yongle rose to guard general, right grand master of splendid happiness, and chief elder of Ji Province; he went out as governor of Boling, but unable to manage the people's affairs, he took his own life. Posthumously he was granted bearer of the staff of authority, supervisor of military affairs in Cang and Ji provinces, third-grade equal to imperator, and governor of Ji Province. His son Changming was born of a lowly concubine and was not formally acknowledged until he was past twenty. Fierce and cruel, he loved killing — yet in battle he was resolute. At first he held the Great Xia Gate against Erzhu Shilong and, for accumulated merit, rose to left grand master of splendid happiness. Gao Huan remotely appointed Changming governor of Yong Province and enfeoffed him baron of Juyang township with a fief of one hundred households. Soon he was further enfeoffed count of Yanling county, with two hundred households added; during Wuding he followed equal-to-imperator Liu Feng against Hou Jing and was killed by Jing. Posthumously he was granted governor of Ji Province. Yanbo served as gentleman of the palace interior and governor of An Province, and was enfeoffed baron of Wannian county with a fief of two hundred households. At the beginning of Tianbao he was additionally made general who campaigns west and advanced in rank to viscount. He died; posthumously he was granted vice director of the imperial treasury.

自昂初以豪俠立名，為之羽翼者，呼延族、劉貴珍、劉長狄、東方老、劉士榮、成五彪、韓願生、劉桃棒；隨其建義者，李希光、劉叔宗、劉孟和。並仕宦顯達。

From the time Gao Ang first made a name as a bold swordsman, those who served as his wings were Huyan Zu, Liu Guizhen, Liu Changdi, Dongfang Lao, Liu Shirong, Cheng Wubiao, Han Yuansheng, and Liu Taobang; those who followed him in raising the standard were Li Xiguang, Liu Shuzong, and Liu Menghe. All rose to distinction in official service.

叔宗字元纂，樂陵平昌人。和謹，頗有學業，舉秀才。稍遷滄州治中。永安中，加鎮遠將軍、諫議大夫。兄海寶，少輕俠，然為州里所愛。昂之起義也，海寶率鄉閭襲滄州以應昂，昂以海寶權行滄州事。前范陽太守刁整心附尒朱，遣弟子安壽襲殺海寶。叔宗仍歸於昂。中興初，高祖除前將軍、廷尉少卿。太昌初，加鎮軍將軍、光祿大夫。天平初，除車騎將軍、左光祿大夫。二年卒。贈使持節、儀同、定州刺史。

Liu Shuzong, styled Yuanzuan, was a man of Pingchang in Leling. Harmonious and cautious, he possessed considerable learning and passed the provincial examination. He was gradually promoted to administrative aide of Cang Province. During the Yong'an era he was additionally made general who pacifies the distant and remonstrance advisor. His elder brother Haibao, from youth lightly chivalric, was nonetheless beloved throughout the district. When Ang raised the banner of revolt, Haibao led the village folk in a raid on Cang Province to answer him; Ang put Haibao in provisional charge of Cang Province affairs. Former Fan Yang governor Diao Zheng, whose heart sided with the Erzhu, dispatched his nephew's son Anshou to raid and kill Haibao. Shuzong thereupon returned to Ang. At the beginning of Zhongxing, Gao Huan appointed him former general and vice director of the court of justice. At the beginning of Taichang he was additionally made general who pacifies the army and grand master of splendid happiness. At the beginning of Tianping he was made general of chariots and cavalry and left grand master of splendid happiness. He died in the second year. Posthumously he was granted bearer of the staff of authority, equal to imperator, and governor of Ding Province.

老，安德鬲人。家世寒微。身長七尺，膂力過人。少粗獷無賴，結輕險之徒共為賊盜，鄉里患之。魏末兵起，遂與昂為部曲。義旗建，仍從征討，以軍功除殿中將軍。累遷平遠將軍。除魯陽太守。後除南益州刺史，領宜陽太守，賜爵長樂子。老頻為二郡，出入數年，境接群蠻，又鄰西敵，至於攻城野戰，率先士卒，屢以少制衆，西人憚之。顯祖受禪，別封陽平縣伯，遷南兗州刺史。後與蕭軌等渡江，戰沒。

Dongfang Lao was a man of Ande in Ge. His family had been humble for generations. He stood seven feet tall, and his physical strength surpassed other men. In youth he was rough and lawless; he joined light and reckless men in forming a band of robbers, and the district suffered for it. When warfare arose at the end of Wei, he joined Ang's retinue. When the banner of righteousness was raised, he followed on campaign and, for military merit, was appointed general of the palace interior. He was repeatedly promoted to general who pacifies the distant. He was appointed governor of Luoyang. Later he was made governor of Southern Yi Province, concurrently governor of Yiyang, and granted the title of viscount of Changle. Lao governed two provinces in succession over several years; his territory bordered many barbarian tribes and neighbored the western enemy. In storming cities and field battles he always led from the van; repeatedly he used the few to overcome the many, and the western enemies feared him. When Gao Yang received the abdication, Lao was separately enfeoffed count of Yangping county and transferred to governor of Southern Yan Province. Later he crossed the Yangtze with Xiao Gui and others and died in battle.

希光，渤海蓚人也。父紹，魏長廣太守，希光隨高乾起義信都。中興初，除安南將軍、安德郡守。後為世祖開府長史。武定末，從高嶽平潁川，封義寧縣開國侯，歷潁、梁、南兗三州刺史。天保中，揚州刺史，與蕭軌等渡江，戰沒。贈開府儀同三司、西兗州刺史。子子令，尚書外兵郎中。武平末，通直常侍。隋開皇中，卒於易州刺史。希光族弟子貢，以與義旗之功，官至吏部郎，後為兗州刺史。坐貪暴為世宗所殺。

Li Xiguang was a man of Gaocheng in Bohai. His father Shao was governor of Changguang in Wei; Xiguang followed Gao Gan in raising the revolt at Xindu. At the beginning of Zhongxing he was appointed general who pacifies the south and governor of Ande commandery. Later he served as chief administrator of the heir apparent's office. At the end of Wuding he followed Gao Yue in pacifying Yingchuan, was enfeoffed marquis of Yining county with an open fief, and served in succession as governor of Ying, Liang, and Southern Yan provinces. During Tianbao he was governor of Yang Province; crossing the Yangtze with Xiao Gui and others, he died in battle. Posthumously he was granted opener of a government office equal in protocol to three imperators and governor of Western Yan Province. His son Ziling was outer-troops bureau attendant of the masters of writing. At the end of Wuping he was unaffiliated palace attendant. In the Kaihuang era of Sui he died while governor of Yi Province. Xiguang's clansman Zigong, for merit in raising the righteous banner, reached the rank of department director of the civil service bureau; later he became governor of Yan Province. For greed and cruelty he was killed by Gao Cheng.

顯祖責陳武廢蕭明，命儀同蕭軌率希光、東方老、裴英起、王敬寶步騎數萬伐之。以七年三月渡江，襲剋石頭城。五將名位相侔，英起以侍中為軍司，蕭軌與希光並為都督，軍中抗禮，不相服御，競說謀略，動必乖張。頓軍丹陽城下，值霖雨五十餘日，及戰，兵器並不堪施用，故致敗亡。將帥俱死，士卒得還者十二三，所沒器械軍資不可勝紀。蕭軌、王寶事行，史闕其傳。

Gao Yang, rebuking Chen for deposing Xiao Ming, ordered equal-to-imperator Xiao Gui to lead Xiguang, Dongfang Lao, Pei Yingqi, and Wang Jingbao with tens of thousands of infantry and cavalry against him. In the third month of the seventh year they crossed the Yangtze and stormed and took Stone City. The five commanders were equal in rank; Yingqi as palace attendant served as army overseer, while Xiao Gui and Xiguang both served as grand generals. In camp they resisted one another in protocol and would not submit; each pressed his own stratagems, and whenever they moved, they inevitably clashed. The army encamped below Danyang city; more than fifty days of steady rain followed, and when battle came their weapons were all unusable — hence the defeat and destruction. The generals all died; of the soldiers, only twelve or thirteen percent returned — the equipment, grain, and supplies lost were beyond counting. The biographies of Xiao Gui and Wang Bao are omitted from the histories.

裴英起，河東人。其先晉末渡淮，寓居淮南之壽陽縣。祖彥先，隨薛安都入魏，官至趙郡守。父約，渤海相。英起聰慧滑稽，好劇談，不拘儀檢，仁魏至定州長史。世宗引為行臺左丞。天保中，都官尚書，兼侍中，及戰沒，贈開府、尚書左僕射。

Pei Yingqi was a man of Hedong. His ancestors crossed the Huai at the end of Jin and settled in Shouyang county in Huainan. His grandfather Yanxian followed Xue Andu into Wei and reached the office of governor of Zhao commandery. His father Yue was chancellor of Bohai. Yingqi was clever and witty, fond of playful talk, unconstrained in ritual observance; he served Wei and rose to chief administrator of Ding Province. Gao Cheng brought him in as left aide of the mobile headquarters. During Tianbao he was director of judicial affairs and concurrent palace attendant; when he died in battle he was posthumously granted opener of a government office and left vice director of the masters of writing.

封隆之，字祖裔，小名皮，渤海之蓨人也。父回，魏司空。隆之性寬和，有度量。弱冠州郡主簿，起家奉朝請，領直後。汝南王悅開府，為中兵參軍。

Feng Longzhi, styled Zuyi, pet name Pi, was a man of Gaocheng in Bohai. His father Hui was minister of works of Wei. Longzhi's nature was generous and mild, with breadth of spirit. In his weak-crown years he served as chief clerk of the province and commandery; he began office as gentleman attendant at court and served as head of the straight guard. When Prince of Runan Yue opened his government office, Longzhi served as middle army adjutant.

初，延昌中，道人法慶作亂冀方，自號「大乘」，衆五萬餘。遣大都督元遙及隆之擒獲法慶，賜爵武城子。俄兼司徒主簿、河南尹丞。時青、齊二州士民反叛，隆之奉使慰諭，咸即降款。永安中，撫軍府長史。尒朱兆等屯據晉陽，魏朝以河內要沖，除隆之龍驤將軍、河內太守，尋加持節、後將軍、假平北將軍、當郡都督。未及到郡，屬尒朱兆入洛，莊帝幽崩。隆之以父遇害，常懷報雪，因此遂持節東歸，圖為義舉。時高乾告隆之曰：「尒朱暴逆，禍加至尊，弟與兄並荷先帝殊常之眷，豈可不出身為主，以報仇恥乎？」隆之對曰：「國恥家怨，痛入骨髓，乘機而動，今實其時。」遂與乾等定計，夜襲州城，剋之。乾等以隆之素為鄉里所信，乃推為刺史。隆之盡心慰撫，人情感悅。

At first, during the Yan Chang era, the Daoist monk Faqing raised disorder in the Ji region and styled himself "Great Vehicle"; his followers numbered more than fifty thousand. Grand Commander Yuan Yao and Longzhi captured Faqing; Longzhi was granted the title of viscount of Wucheng. Soon he concurrently served as chief clerk of the secretariat and aide of the Henan intendant. At that time the gentry and commoners of Qing and Qi provinces rebelled; Longzhi was sent on a mission to comfort and instruct them, and they all immediately submitted. During Yong'an he served as chief administrator of the pacification army headquarters. Erzhu Zhao and others garrisoned Jinyang; the Wei court, because Hennei was a strategic chokepoint, appointed Longzhi general of soaring dragon and governor of Hennei; soon he was additionally granted bearer of the staff, rear general, acting general who pacifies the north, and grand commander of the commandery. Before he had reached the commandery, Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang and Emperor Zhuang died in confinement. Longzhi, because his father had been murdered, always harbored thoughts of revenge; for this reason he took his staff and marched east, planning to raise the standard of revolt. At that time Gao Gan told Longzhi: "Erzhu was violent and rebellious; disaster befell the Supreme One. Brother and I alike received the late emperor's extraordinary favor — how can we fail to give our bodies for the sovereign and avenge this shame? Longzhi replied: "The nation's shame and our family's grievance cut to the marrow; to move while the moment is ripe — now is truly the time." Thereupon with Gan and the others he fixed the plan; by night they raided the provincial city and took it. Gan and the others, because Longzhi had long been trusted by the hometown folk, pushed him forward as governor. Longzhi poured himself into comfort and reassurance, and the people warmed to him.

尋高祖自晉陽東出，隆之遣子子繪奉迎於滏口，高祖甚嘉之。既至信都，集諸州郡督將僚吏等議曰：「逆胡尒朱兆窮兇極虐，天地之所不容，人神之所捐棄，今所在蜂起，此天亡之時也。欲與諸君剪除凶羯，其計安在？」隆之對曰：「尒朱暴虐，天亡斯至，神怒民怨，衆叛親離，雖握重兵，其強易弱。而大王乃心王室，首唱義旗，天下之人，孰不歸仰？願大王勿疑。」中興初，拜左光祿大夫、吏部尚書。尒朱兆等軍於廣阿，十月，高祖與戰，大破之。乃遣隆之持節為北道大使。高祖將擊尒朱兆等軍於韓陵，留隆之鎮鄴城。尒朱兆等走，以隆之行冀州事，仍領降俘三萬餘人，分置諸州。

Soon Gao Huan marched east from Jinyang; Longzhi sent his son Zihui to welcome him at Fakou, and the Grand Ancestor was much pleased. When they reached Xindu, he assembled the provincial commanders, generals, and officials and said, "The rebel Erzhu Zhao is utterly merciless — what Heaven and Earth cannot abide, what gods and men alike reject. Uprisings blaze everywhere; this is the hour of Heaven's judgment. I mean to join you in cutting down these villains — what shall our plan be? Longzhi answered, "The Erzhu rule with savage cruelty; Heaven's judgment is at hand. The gods are wrathful, the people embittered, allies flee and kin forsake them — though they command great armies, strength can turn to weakness in a breath. Yet Your Highness holds the throne in your heart and first raised the righteous banner — who under Heaven would not rally to you? I beg Your Highness — do not hesitate. At the start of Zhongxing he was appointed left grand master of glorious affairs and minister of personnel. Erzhu Zhao and his followers encamped at Guang'a; in the tenth month Gao Huan met them in battle and crushed them. He then sent Longzhi, bearing the staff of authority, as envoy of the northern route. As Gao Huan prepared to strike Erzhu Zhao at Hanling, he left Longzhi to hold Ye. Erzhu Zhao and the rest fled; Longzhi was put in charge of Ji Province and given more than thirty thousand surrendered captives to settle among the provinces.

尋徵為侍中。時高祖自洛還師於鄴。隆之將赴都，因過謁見，啟高祖曰：「斛斯椿、賀拔勝、賈顯智等往事尒朱，中復乖阻，及討仲遠，又與之同，猜忍之人，志欲無限。又叱烈延慶、侯。念賢皆在京師，王授以名位，此等必構禍隙。」高祖經宿乃謂隆之曰：「侍中昨言，實是深慮。」尋封安德郡公，邑二千戶，進位儀同三司。于時朝議以尒朱榮佐命前朝，宜配食明帝廟庭。隆之議曰：「榮為人臣，親行殺逆，安有害人之母，與子對饗？考古詢今，未見其義。」從之。詔隆之參議麟趾閣，以定新制。又贈其妻祖氏范陽郡君。隆之表以先爵富城子及武城子轉授弟子孝琬等，朝廷嘉而從之。後為斛斯椿等構之於魏帝，逃歸鄉里。高祖知其被誣，召赴晉陽。魏帝尋以本官徵之，隆之固辭不赴。仍以隆之行幷州刺史。魏清河王亶為大司馬。長史。

Soon he was recalled to court as attendant-in-ordinary. At that time Gao Huan brought his army back from Luoyang to Ye. Longzhi was bound for the capital; stopping to pay his respects, he warned the Grand Ancestor, "Husi Chun, Helü Sheng, and Jia Xianzhi once served the Erzhu, then turned against you; when you marched against Zhongyuan they sided with him again — cruel, suspicious men whose greed knows no limit. Then there are Chi Lie, Yanqing, and Hou— Nianxian, all of them in the capital. Your Highness has given them rank and office; men like these will surely brew trouble. After a night's sleep the Grand Ancestor told Longzhi, "Your words yesterday were counsel of true foresight. Soon he was enfeoffed duke of Ande Commandery with a fief of two thousand households and promoted to rank equal to the three excellencies. The court then debated whether Erzhu Rong, who had helped establish the previous reign, ought to receive sacrifice in Emperor Ming's temple hall. Longzhi objected, "Rong was a subject who slew his sovereign with his own hand — what sense is there in seating the mother he murdered opposite her son at the same table? Search antiquity, consult the present — nowhere do I find precedent for such a thing." The court agreed. An edict appointed Longzhi to deliberations at the Linqi Pavilion to establish the new code. His wife, Lady Zu, was also granted the title Lady of Fanyang Commandery. Longzhi petitioned to transfer his earlier baronies of Fucheng and Wucheng to his nephews Xiaowan and the others; the court approved and praised his generosity. Later Husi Chun and his faction framed him before the Wei emperor, and he fled to his home district. Knowing he had been slandered, Gao Huan summoned him to Jinyang. The Wei emperor soon recalled him to his former post; Longzhi steadfastly refused. Longzhi was instead put in charge of Bing Province. Prince Qinghe Dan of Wei was grand marshal. Longzhi served as his chief administrator.

天平初，復入為侍中，預遷都之議。魏靜帝詔為侍講，除吏部尚書，加侍中，以本官行冀州事。陽平民路紹遵聚衆反，自號行臺，破定州博陵郡，虜太守高永樂，南侵冀州。隆之令所部長樂太守高景等擊破之，生擒紹遵，送於晉陽。元象初，除冀州刺史。尋加開府。時初召募勇果，都督孛八、高法雄、封子元等不願遠戍，聚衆為亂。隆之率州軍破平之。興和元年，復徵為侍中。隆之素得鄉里人情，頻為本州，留心撫字，吏民追思，立碑頌德。轉行梁州事，又行濟州事，徵拜尚書右僕射。武定初北豫州刺史高仲密將叛，遣使陰通消息於冀州豪望，使為內應。輕薄之徒，頗相扇動，詔隆之馳驛慰撫，遂得安靜。世宗密書與隆之云：「仲密枝黨同惡向西者，宜悉收其家累，以懲將來。」隆之以為恩旨既行，理無追改，今若收治，示民不信，脫或驚擾，所虧處大。乃啟高祖，事遂得停。

At the start of Tianping he returned as attendant-in-ordinary and joined deliberations on moving the capital. Emperor Jing of Wei named him lecturer-in-attendance, appointed him minister of personnel and attendant-in-ordinary, and charged him with Ji Province affairs while keeping his existing rank. Lu Shaozun of Yangping raised a rebel band, styled himself mobile imperial secretariat, overran Boling in Ding Province, seized the prefect Gao Yongle, and pushed south into Ji Province. Longzhi ordered Gao Jing, prefect of Changle, and others to defeat them, took Shaozun alive, and sent him to Jinyang. At the start of Yuanxiang he was appointed governor of Ji Province. Soon he was given the seal of opening an office. When fresh conscripts of proven courage were first being mustered, commanders Bo Ba, Gao Faxiong, and Feng Ziyuan and others, unwilling to garrison far away, rose in armed revolt. Longzhi led the provincial troops, broke them, and restored order. In the first year of Xinghe he was recalled once more to court as attendant-in-ordinary. Longzhi had always held the affection of his home country; serving his native province again and again, he governed with genuine care — when he left, officials and commoners raised steles in his praise. He acted in turn for Liang Province and Ji Province, then was recalled as right vice director of the masters of writing. At the start of Wuding, Gao Zhongmi, governor of Northern Yu Province, prepared to rebel; he sent secret envoys to Ji Province's great families to arrange inside support. Restless elements stirred one another toward revolt; an edict dispatched Longzhi by relay horse to reassure the region, and order returned. Shizong wrote privately to Longzhi, "Of Zhongmi's partisans and fellow conspirators who fled west, seize all their families — let that be a warning to those who come after." Longzhi argued that clemency once proclaimed could not be revoked without cost; to round people up now would teach the populace that the throne's word meant nothing — and if panic spread, the damage would far outweigh the gain. He appealed to Gao Huan, and the order was withdrawn.

隆之自義旗始建，首參經略，奇謀妙算，密以啟聞，手書削稿，罕知於外。高祖嘉其忠謹，每多從之。復以本官行濟州事，轉齊州刺史，武定三年卒官，年六十一。詔遣主書監神貴就弔，賻物五百段，贈使持節、都督滄瀛二州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、瀛州刺史、司徒公。高祖以隆之勳舊，追榮未盡，復啟贈使持節、都督冀瀛滄齊濟五州諸軍事、冀州刺史、太保，餘如故，諡曰宣懿。高祖後至冀州境，次於交津。追憶隆之，顧謂冀州行事司馬子如曰：「封公積德履仁，體通性達，自出納軍國，垂二十年，契闊艱虞，始終如一。以其忠信可憑，方以後事託之。何期報善無徵，奄從物化，言念忠賢，良可痛惜。」為之流涕。令參軍仲羨以太牢就祭焉。長子早亡。第二子子繪嗣。

From the moment the righteous banner first rose, Longzhi shared in every plan; his keenest stratagems he reported only in secret — writing by hand and burning the drafts, so that few beyond the inner circle ever knew. Gao Huan valued his loyalty and discretion and often took his advice. He again acted for Ji Province, then was transferred to governor of Qi Province; in the third year of Wuding he died in office, aged sixty-one. The court sent Director Shen Gui with five hundred bolts of burial goods; posthumously Longzhi was granted bearer of the staff, military command over Cang and Ying provinces, grand general of fast cavalry, governor of Ying Province, and duke over the masses. Believing Longzhi's honors still fell short of his service, Gao Huan petitioned again: posthumously grant him bearer of the staff, military command over Ji, Ying, Cang, Qi, and Jizhou provinces, governorship of Ji Province, and grand guardian, with other titles unchanged; posthumous name Xuanyi, "Sincere and Restrained." Later, passing through Ji Province, Gao Huan halted at Jiaojin. Thinking of Longzhi, he turned to Si Maziru, acting chief of Ji Province, and said, "Lord Feng heaped up merit and walked in benevolence; he understood men and grasped affairs. For nearly twenty years he governed army and state — through every hardship, unchanged to the end. I trusted his loyalty and meant to entrust my legacy to him. Who could have foreseen that virtue would go unrewarded — that he would leave us so suddenly? To think on such loyalty and talent is heartbreaking. He wept. He ordered Military Aide Zhong Xian to go and offer the grand sacrifice. His eldest son had died young. His second son Zihui succeeded him.

子繪，字仲藻，小名搔，性和理，有器局。釋褐秘書郎中。尒朱兆之害魏莊帝也，與父隆之舉義信都，奉使詣高祖。至信都，召署開府主簿，仍典書記。中興元年，轉大丞相主簿，加伏波將軍。從高祖征尒朱兆。及平中山，軍還，除通直常侍、左將軍，領中書舍人。母憂解職，尋復本任。太昌中，從高祖定幷、汾、肆數州，平尒朱兆及山胡等，加征南將軍、金紫光祿大夫，魏武帝末，斛斯椿等佞倖用事，父隆之以猜忌，懼難潛歸鄉里，子繪亦棄官俱還。孝靜初，兼給事黃門侍郎，與太常卿李元忠等並持節出使，觀省風俗，問人疾苦。還，赴晉陽，從高祖征夏州。二年，除衛將軍、平陽太守，尋加散騎常侍。晉州北界霍太山，舊號千里徑者，山阪高峻，每大軍往來，士馬勞苦，子繪啟高祖，請於舊徑東谷別開一路。高祖從之，仍令子繪領汾、晉二州夫修治，旬日而就。高祖親總六軍，路經新道，嘉其省便，賜谷二百斛。後大軍討復東雍，平柴壁及喬山、紫谷、絳蜀等，子繪恒以太守前驅慰勞，徵兵運糧，軍士無乏。興和初，自郡徵補大行臺吏部郎中。

Zihui, styled Zhongzao — pet name Sao — was even-tempered and broad-minded, a man of real capacity. He first entered service as gentleman of the palace secretariat. When Erzhu Zhao murdered Emperor Zhuang of Wei, he and his father Longzhi raised the righteous banner at Xindu, and Zihui was dispatched as envoy to Gao Huan. Arriving at Xindu, he was appointed chief clerk of the opening-establishment office and put in charge of correspondence. In Zhongxing 1 he became chief clerk to the grand chancellor and was given the rank general who quells the waves. He followed Gao Huan against Erzhu Zhao. After Zhongshan was pacified and the army returned, he was made general of unwavering integrity and regular attendant, left general, and supervising drafting attendant. He left office to mourn his mother, then soon returned to his former post. In Taichang he followed Gao Huan in securing Bing, Fen, Si, and other provinces and in crushing Erzhu Zhao and the Mountain Hu; he was promoted to general who punishes the south and grand master with the golden seal and purple ribbon. When Emperor Wu of Wei's reign drew to its end, Husi Chun and other favorites held sway; fearing their malice, his father Longzhi slipped away to their home country — and Zihui resigned and went with him. At the start of Emperor Xiaojing's reign he became drafting attendant at the yellow gate and, together with Court Director Li Yuanzhong and others, went abroad bearing the staff to inspect local customs and hear the people's griefs. Returning, he went to Jinyang and followed Gao Huan against Xia Province. In the second year he was made general of the guard and prefect of Pingyang; soon he was also named attendant cavalry-in-ordinary. On Jin Province's northern marches stands the Tai range of Mount Huo — along the old route called the Thousand-Li Pass the slopes are sheer, and every march of a great army left men and horses spent. Zihui petitioned Gao Huan to cut a new road through the eastern valley. Gao Huan agreed and put Zihui in charge of corvée from Fen and Jin provinces; within ten days the road was done. Gao Huan personally led the six armies; traveling the new road, he praised its efficiency and rewarded Zihui with two hundred hu of grain. When the main force recaptured Eastern Yong and pacified Chaiyu, Qiaoshan, Zigud, Jiangshu, and the rest, Zihui always rode ahead as prefect to hearten the men, levy troops, and move grain — the army never went wanting. At the start of Xinghe he was recalled from his prefecture to serve as gentleman-inspector in the personnel office of the grand mobile secretariat.

武定元年，高仲密以武牢西叛，周文帝擁衆東侵，高祖於邙山破之，乘勝長驅，遂至潼關。或諫不可窮兵極武者，高祖總命群僚議其進止。子繪言曰：「賊帥才非人雄，偷竊名號，遂敢驅率亡叛，遂死伊瀍，天道禍淫，一朝瓦解。雖僅以身免，而魂膽俱喪。混一車書，正在今日，天與不取，反得其咎。時難遇而易失。昔魏祖之平漢中，不乘勝而取巴蜀，失在遲疑，悔無及已。伏願大王不以為疑。」高祖深然之。但以時既盛暑，方為後圖，遂命班師。

In Wuding 1, Gao Zhongmi rebelled from Wulao in the west; Yuwen Tai marched east at the head of a great army; Gao Huan routed him at Mang Mountain, pressed the victory hard, and drove all the way to Tong Pass. Some warned against pushing war to its extreme; Gao Huan assembled his ministers to debate whether to advance or withdraw. Zihui spoke: "The rebel chieftain is no true champion — he stole a name and dared drive a rabble of deserters to their deaths on the Yi and Chan. Heaven punishes depravity; in one morning his host was dust. Though he barely escaped alive, his spirit was shattered. To unite all under one rule — the hour is now. Refuse Heaven's gift and you answer for it. Such a moment comes rarely and vanishes quickly. When Emperor Wu of Wei took Hanzhong, he failed to seize Bashu while the triumph held — hesitation was the fault, and regret came too late. I beg Your Highness — do not hesitate. Gao Huan was deeply persuaded. But summer was at its height and he already nursed other designs — he ordered the army home.

三年，父喪去職。四年，高祖西討，起為大都督，領冀州兵赴鄴，從高祖自滏口西趣晉州，會大軍於玉壁。復以子繪為大行臺吏部郎中。及高祖病篤，師還晉陽，引入內室，面受密旨，銜命山東，安撫州郡。高祖崩，秘未發喪，世宗以子繪為渤海太守，令馳驛赴任。世宗親執其手曰：「誠知此郡未允勳望，但時事未安，須卿鎮撫。且衣錦晝遊，古人所貴，善加經略，綏靜海隅，不勞學習常太守向州參也。」仍聽收集部曲一千人。後進秩一等，加驃騎將軍。天保二年，除太尉長史。三年，頻以本官再行南青州事。四年，坐事免。六年，行南兗州事，尋除持節、海州刺史，不行。

In the third year he left office to mourn his father. In the fourth year, when Gao Huan marched west, Zihui was recalled as grand commander, led Ji Province troops to Ye, followed him from Fakou toward Jin Province, and joined the main force at Yubi. Zihui was again appointed to the personnel office of the grand mobile secretariat. When Gao Huan fell mortally ill and the army returned to Jinyang, Zihui was summoned to the inner chamber, received secret orders face to face, and sent to Shandong to steady the provinces. When Gao Huan died, the death was kept secret; Shizong appointed Zihui prefect of Bohai and dispatched him by relay horse to take up the post. Shizong took his hand and said, "I know Bohai is beneath your deserts — but the realm is not yet secure, and I need you to hold the coast steady. Besides, to ride home in brocade by daylight — the ancients thought it the highest honor. Take command, calm the seaboard; do not trouble yourself with the petty routine of an ordinary prefect reporting to the provincial capital. He was also allowed to muster a personal guard of a thousand men. Later his rank was raised one step and he was named general of fast cavalry. In Tianbao 2 he was made chief administrator to the grand commandant. In the third year he repeatedly acted as chief of Southern Qing Province while keeping his existing rank. In the fourth year he was dismissed for an offense. In the sixth year he acted as governor of Southern Yan Province; soon he was named bearer of the staff and governor of Hai Province, but never went.

七年，改授合州刺史。到州未幾，值蕭軌、裴英起等江東敗沒，行臺司馬恭發歷陽，徑還壽春，疆埸大駭。兼在州器械，隨軍略盡，城隍樓雉，虧壞者多，子繪乃造城隍樓雉，繕治軍器，守禦所須畢備，人情漸安。尋勑於州營造船艦，子繪為大使，總監之。陳武帝曾遣其護軍將軍徐度等率輕舟從柵口歷東關入巢湖，徑襲合肥，規燒船舫。以夜一更潛寇城下，子繪率將士格戰，陳人奔退。

In the seventh year he was reassigned as governor of He Prefecture. Hardly had he taken up his post when Xiao Gui and Pei Yingqi met disaster in Jiangdong; Mobile Circuit Commissioner Sima Gong broke from Liyang and fell back on Shouchun, and the frontier shook. Weapons in the province had been stripped bare by the retreating army; walls and towers stood in ruins. Zihui rebuilt the fortifications, restored the armory, and made ready every need of defense — and slowly the people steadied. Soon an edict came to build warships in the province, with Zihui as grand commissioner to oversee the work. Emperor Wu of Chen once sent Protector General Xu Du and others in light craft from Zhakou through Dongguan into Chaohu, aiming straight at Hefei to burn the ships at anchor. At the first watch of night they crept to the walls; Zihui led his men out to fight them off, and the Chen force broke and ran.

九年，轉鄭州刺史。子繪曉達政事，長於綏撫，歷宰州郡，所在安之。徵為司徒左長史，行魏尹事。乾明初，轉大司農，尋正除魏尹。皇建中，加驃騎大將軍。大寧二年，遷都官尚書。

In the ninth year he was made governor of Zheng Province. Zihui understood the business of rule and had a gift for winning people over; in every province and commandery he held, the land lay quiet. He was recalled to serve as left chief secretary of the minister over the masses and acted as governor of Wei. At the start of Ganming he became grand minister of agriculture; soon after he received formal appointment as governor of Wei. During Huangjian he was further promoted to general of chariots and cavalry. In the second year of Daning he was made minister of justice.

高歸彥作逆，召子繪入見昭陽殿。帝親詔子繪曰：「冀州密邇京甸，歸彥敢肆凶悖。已勑大司馬、平原王段孝先總勒重兵，乘機電發；司空、東安王婁叡督率諸軍，絡繹繼進。卿世載名德，恩洽彼州，故遣參贊軍事，隨便慰撫，宜善加謀略，以稱所寄。」即以其日馳傳赴軍。子繪祖父世為本州，百姓素所歸附。既至，巡城諭以禍福，民吏降款，日夜相繼，賊中動靜，小大必知。賊平，仍勑子繪權行州事。

When Gao Guiyan rose in rebellion, Zihui was called to audience in Zhaoyang Palace. The emperor spoke to Zihui himself: "Ji Province presses on the capital, and Guiyan has dared such savage treason. I have already ordered Grand Marshal Duan Xiaoxian, Prince of Pingyuan, to mass heavy troops and strike like lightning when the moment comes; Minister of Works Lou Rui, Prince of Dong'an, will lead the armies in unbroken advance behind him. Your house has long stood for name and virtue, and the people there know your family's grace. I send you to join the council of war and, as occasion allows, to comfort and settle them. Use your wit well — the trust I place in you must not be wasted. That same day he took relay horses and raced to the army. Zihui's grandfather had held office in this province for generations, and the people had long looked to his house. When he arrived, he walked the walls and spoke plainly of reward and ruin; officials and commoners came over in an unbroken stream, day and night, until he knew the rebels' every move, great or small. After the rebels were crushed, he was ordered to govern the province on interim authority.

尋徵還，勑與群官議定律令，加儀同三司。後突厥入逼晉陽，詔子繪行懷州事，乘驛之任。還為七兵尚書，轉祠部尚書。河清三年，暴疾卒，年五十。世祖深嘆惜之。贈使持節、瀛冀二州軍事、冀州刺史、開府儀同、尚書右僕射，諡曰簡。子寶蓋嗣。武平末，通直常侍。

Soon he was recalled to court to join other officials in drafting law codes, and his rank was raised to privilege equal to the three dukes. Later, when the Turks pressed on Jinyang, Zihui was ordered to administer Huai Province and rode post-horses to the post. On his return he became minister of the seven armies, then minister of sacrifices. In the third year of Heqing he died suddenly of illness, aged fifty. Emperor Wucheng mourned him deeply. Posthumously he was granted bearer of the staff, military affairs over Yan and Ji provinces, governor of Ji Province, opening-establishment privilege, and right vice director of the imperial secretariat; his posthumous title was Jian. His son Baogai succeeded him. At the end of Wuping he served as supervising regular attendant.

子繪弟子繡，武平中，渤海太守、霍州刺史。陳將吳明徹侵略淮南，子繡城陷，被送揚州。齊亡後，逃歸。隋開皇初，終於通州刺史。子繡外貌儒雅，而俠氣難忤。司空婁定遠，子繡兄之婿也，為瀛州刺史。子繡在渤海，定遠過之，對妻及諸女讌集，言戲微有褻慢，子繡大怒，鳴鼓集衆將攻之。俄頃，兵至數千，馬將千匹。定遠免冠拜謝，久乃釋之。

Zihui's nephew Zixiu, in the Wuping era, was governor of Bohai and inspector of Huo Prefecture. When the Chen general Wu Mingche overran Huainan, Zixiu's city fell and he was taken to Yang Province. After Qi fell, he escaped and made his way home. In the early Kaihuang era of Sui he died while serving as governor of Tong Prefecture. Zixiu looked the scholar-gentleman, yet carried a chivalrous temper that would brook no slight. Minister of Works Lou Dingyuan — husband to Zixiu's elder sister — was governor of Yan Province. Zixiu was in Bohai when Dingyuan came calling. At a gathering with Dingyuan's wife and daughters, his jokes turned a little too familiar. Zixiu exploded, beat the drum, and mustered troops to attack him. Within moments several thousand men had gathered, with nearly a thousand horses. Dingyuan doffed his cap and bowed in abject apology; only after a long while did Zixiu let him go.

隆之弟延之，字祖業。少明辯，有世用。起家員外郎。中興初，除中堅將軍。高祖以為大行臺左光祿大夫，封郟城縣子。行渤海郡事。以都督從婁昭討樊子鵠，事平，除青州刺史。延之好財利，在州多所受納。後行晉州事，高祖沙苑失利還，延之棄州北走。高祖大怒，同罪人皆死，以隆之故，獨得免。興和二年卒，年五十四。贈使持節、都督冀殷瀛三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、尚書左僕射、司徒、冀州刺史，諡曰文恭。子孝纂嗣。

Longzhi's younger brother Yanzhi, styled Zuye. From youth he was quick of tongue and useful in the world. He began his career as supernumerary gentleman. At the beginning of Zhongxing he was made general of the central garrison. The Grand Ancestor made him left grand master of the palace for the grand eastern platform and enfeoffed him viscount of Yancheng County. He administered Bohai Commandery. As area commander he followed Lou Zhao against Fan Zigu; when the campaign ended he was made governor of Qing Province. Yanzhi loved money and took heavy bribes while in office. Later he administered Jin Province; when the Grand Ancestor returned defeated from Shazhuo, Yanzhi abandoned his post and fled north. The Grand Ancestor was enraged; all who shared the crime were put to death, but for Longzhi's sake Yanzhi alone was spared. In the second year of Xinghe he died, aged fifty-four. Posthumously he was granted bearer of the staff, area commander over Ji, Yin, and Ying provinces, general of chariots and cavalry, left vice director of the imperial secretariat, minister over the masses, and governor of Ji Province; his posthumous title was Wengong. His son Xiaozuan succeeded him.

隆之弟子孝琬，字子蒨，父祖曹，魏冀州平北府長史。以隆之佐命之功，贈雍州刺史、殿中尚書。孝琬七歲而孤，獨為隆之所鞠養，慈愛甚篤。年十六，本州辟主簿。魏永熙二年，隆之啟以父爵富城子授焉。三年，釋褐開府參軍事。天平中，輕車將軍、司徒主簿。武定中，為顯祖開府主簿，遷從事中郎將，領東宮洗馬。天保二年卒，時年三十六，帝聞而嘆惜焉。贈左將軍、太府少卿。孝琬性恬靜，頗好文詠。太子少師邢邵、七兵尚書王昕並先達高才，與孝琬年位懸隔，晚相逢遇，分好遂深。孝琬靈櫬言歸，二人送於郊外，悲哭淒慟，有感路人。

Longzhi's nephew Xiaowan, styled Ziqian, was the son of Zucao, chief clerk of the northern pacification office of Ji Province under Wei. For Longzhi's merit in helping raise the founding cause, Zucao was posthumously granted governor of Yong Province and director of the palace. Xiaowan lost his father at seven and alone among Longzhi's kin was raised in his house, with a tenderness that ran very deep. At sixteen the province recruited him as chief clerk. In the second year of Yongxi of Wei, Longzhi memorialized to transfer to him his father's title, viscount of Fucheng. In the third year he took his first office as military service attendant of an opening office. During Tianping he served as general of light chariots and chief clerk to the minister over the masses. During Wuding he was chief clerk of Emperor Xiaozong's opening office, then promoted to attendant general and eastern palace groom. In the second year of Tianbao he died, aged thirty-six; when the emperor heard, he sighed in regret. Posthumously he was granted left general and vice director of the imperial treasury. Xiaowan was quiet by nature and loved to write. Crown Prince Junior Tutor Xing Shao and Minister of the Seven Armies Wang Xin were both elder masters of talent; though far from Xiaowan in age and rank, they met late in life and their friendship ran deep. When Xiaowan's coffin went home, the two escorted him to the city outskirts, weeping until passersby turned aside in grief.

和士開母喪，托附咸往奔哭。鄴中富商丁鄒、儼興等並為義孝，有一士人，亦哭在限，孝琰入吊，出謂人曰：「嚴興之南，丁鄒之北，有一朝士，號叫甚哀。」聞者傳之。士開知而大怒。其後會黃門郎李懷奏南陽王綽專恣，士開因譖之曰：「孝琰從綽出外，乘其副馬，舍離部伍，別行戲話。」時孝琰女為范陽王妃，為禮事因假入辭，帝遂決馬鞭百餘。放出，又遣高阿那肱重決五十，幾致於死。還京，在集書省上下，從是沈廢。士開死後，為通直散騎常侍。後與周朝通好，趙彥深奏之，詔以為聘周使副。祖珽輔政，又奏令入文林館，撰《禦覽》。孝琰文筆不高，但以風流自立，善於談謔，威儀閑雅，容止進退，人皆慕之。嘗謂祖珽云：「公是衣冠宰相，異於餘人。」近習聞之，大以為恨。

At He Shikai's mother's funeral, every hanger-on rushed to wail. Wealthy merchants of Ye — Ding Zou, Yan Xing, and the rest — all made a show of filial grief. One court gentleman wept among them too. Xiaoyan went in to pay respects and, coming out, said: "South of Yan Xing, north of Ding Zou — there's a courtier howling like his heart will break." Those who heard it passed the remark along. When Shikai heard, he was furious. Later, when Yellow Gate Gentleman Li Huai accused Prince of Nanyang Chuo of arrogance, Shikai seized the chance to slander Xiaoyan: "Xiaoyan went out with Chuo, rode his spare horse, left the ranks, and wandered off to joke and play." Xiaoyan's daughter was then Princess of Fanyang; on pretext of a ritual matter he came in to take leave, and the emperor had him horsewhipped more than a hundred strokes. When they brought him out, Gao Ana'gan was sent to beat him fifty more — nearly to the point of death. Back in the capital he kept a hollow post in the Collection of Documents Office and from then on was left in the cold. After Shikai's death he was restored as regular attendant of unimpeded dispersal cavalry. Later, when relations with Zhou were opened, Zhao Yanshen recommended him, and an edict named him deputy envoy to Zhou. When Zu Ting took power, he again memorialized to have Xiaoyan enter the Wulin Academy and compile the Imperial Overview. Xiaoyan's writing was not distinguished, but he carried himself with effortless grace — quick with a jest, elegant in bearing, unhurried in every step — and men admired him for it. He once told Zu Ting, "You are a minister in scholar's robes — not like the others." Those close to the throne heard and hated him for it.

尋以本官兼為尚書左丞，其所彈射，多承意旨。時有道人曇獻者，為皇太后所幸，賞賜隆厚，車服過度。又乞為沙門統，後主意不許，但太后欲之，遂得居任，然後主常憾焉。因有僧尼以他事訴競者，辭引曇獻。上令有司推劾。孝琰案其受納貨賄，致於極法，因搜索其家，大獲珍異，悉以沒官。由是正授左丞，仍令奏門下事。性頗簡傲，不諧時俗，恩遇漸高，彌自矜誕，舉動舒遲，無所降屈，識者鄙之。與崔季舒等以正諫同死，時年五十一。子開府行參軍君確、君靜等二人徙北邊，少子君嚴、君贊下蠶室。南安之敗，君確二人皆坐死。

Soon he was additionally made left assistant director of the imperial secretariat on his existing rank; most of his impeachments followed the ruler's mood. At that time a monk named Tanxian enjoyed the empress dowager's favor; gifts poured in on him, and his carriages and robes outran all propriety. He also asked to be made prelate of the sangha. The Later Sovereign refused, but the empress dowager wanted it, and Tanxian got the post — though the Later Sovereign never ceased to resent it. Then some monks and nuns sued one another on another matter and, in their pleading, named Tanxian. The emperor ordered the offices to investigate. Xiaoyan found him guilty of taking bribes and sentenced him to death; a search of his house turned up rare treasures in quantity, all seized for the treasury. Thereupon he received formal appointment as left assistant director and was also ordered to present business at the Gate. He was proud and remote by nature, ill-suited to the age; as favor mounted he grew only more vain — slow in movement, stiff in courtesy, bowing to no one — and men of judgment despised him for it. He died together with Cui Jishu and others for speaking straight to power, aged fifty-one. His sons Junque and Junjing, both opening-office military service attendants, were exiled to the northern frontier; his younger sons Junyan and Junzan were sent to the castration house. At the defeat at Nan'an, Junque and his brother were both executed on account of the affair.

史臣曰：高、封二公，無一人尺土之資，奮臂而起河朔，將致勤王之舉，以雪莊帝之讎，不亦壯哉！既剋本藩，成其讓德，異夫韓馥懾袁紹之威。然力謝時雄，才非命世，是以奉迎麾掞，用葉本圖。高祖因之，遂成霸業。重以昂之膽力，氣冠萬物，韓陵之下，風飛電擊。然則齊氏元功，一門而已。但以非潁川元從，異豐沛故人，腹心之寄，有所未允。露其啟疏，假手天誅，枉濫之極，莫過於此。子繪才幹，可稱克荷堂構，弈世載德，斯為美焉。

The historian writes: Lords Gao and Feng held not a foot of land between them, yet they raised their arms in Heshuo and meant to march for the throne and avenge Emperor Zhuang — was that not splendid? Having taken their home commanderies, they showed the virtue of yielding — not like Han Fu, who cringed before Yuan Shao's might. Yet their strength could not match the age's strongest men, nor their talent command an era; so they turned to another's banner and set aside their first design. The Grand Ancestor seized on that momentum and made the hegemony his. Then there was Ang's courage and force, a spirit that towered over all — below Hanling he charged like wind and lightning. So the founding merit of the Qi house stood in one clan alone. Yet they were not old companions from Yingchuan, not the men who had followed from Fengpei; the innermost trust could never be given whole. To expose their letters and petitions and borrow heaven's wrath for the kill — in injustice, what could exceed this? Zihui's talent, at least, was fit to bear the family hall — virtue carried down generation after generation; in that there is true beauty.

贊曰：烈烈文昭，雄圖斯契。灼灼忠武，英資冠世。門下之酷，進退惟谷。黃河之濱，蹈義亡身。封公矯矯，共濟時屯。比承明德，暉光日新。

The encomium says: Fierce and bright, the Wen-Zhao spirit — the heroic design sealed in covenant. Blazing with loyal might — a hero whose gifts outshone every man of his day. Cruel was the Gate that held him — advance or retreat, only a gorge on every side. Where the Yellow River runs, he met righteousness with his body — and died. Master Feng rose splendid — together they forded the age's bitter straits. Their line took up bright virtue — its radiance renewed with each passing day.

全文以中華書局、一九七二年十一月、第一版《北齊書》為本校。

The entire text has been collated against the November 1972 first edition of the Book of Northern Qi published by Zhonghua Shuju.

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