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卷四九 補列傳第四一 方伎

Volume 49 Biographies 41: Arts

Chapter 49 of 北齊書 · Book of Northern Qi
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Chapter 49
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1
The Book of Changes says: To discern fortune and ruin for the realm and to sustain its ceaseless work, nothing surpasses divination by milfoil and tortoise. Heaven produces sacred things, and the sage models himself upon them. Shennong and Lord Tong classified herbs in the Root Canon; the Yellow Emperor and Qibo set forth disease and cure—all arts the sages held dear. Hence Sima Qian’s treatises on tortoise divination, day-selection, and the physicians Bian Que and Lord Cang—all to widen what we know and guide posterity. Since Qi began its rise, it has gathered talent; anyone with a craft was pressed into service. They are recorded here for the account of Arts and Techniques.
2
You Wudao Rong, Wang Chun, Xindu Fang, Song Jingye, Xu Zun, Wu Zunshi, Zhao Fuhe, Huangfu Yu, Jiefa Xuan, Wei Ning, Qimu Huaiwen, Zhang Zixin, and Ma Siming
3
滿 便
You Wudao Rong was from Langye. As a youth he loved Daoist practice; with kindred spirits he withdrew to Mount Changbai and Mount Tai and mastered the arts of the Way. He later wandered between Zou and Lu and studied the classics. A man of Jinyang, deeply versed in the arts, set out to find him. The man was a hired hand in a private home; none knew his worth until a long search revealed him. He knew talismans, spells, calendrics, astronomy, and medicine; seeing Dao Rong’s devotion, he taught him all of it. The man told Dao Rong, “I am an immortal of Mount Heng, banished for a minor fault by heaven’s officers. My term is up and I must return—escort me to the Fen.” At the river the flood had burst its banks, the bridge was gone, and boats could scarcely cross. He paced the Yu steps at the bank and threw a talisman into the water; the current halted. Water piled to the sky; he walked calmly across on the stones of the ford. Only Dao Rong saw how it was done; onlookers, seeing him cross such a flood, were astounded. Dao Rong went home to Mount Langye, lived on pine and tuckahoe, abstained from grain, and sought immortality. Soon Xianzu summoned him to Jinyang. In the Liaoyang hills a beast blocked the road ten paces from the horses; the escort panicked and nearly fled. Dao Rong traced a fiery pit with his staff, and the beast bolted. When Qi fell, Dao Rong entered Zhou service. He died in early Sui times. Zhang Yuanyou, in Xianzu’s day, was set to refine the ninefold golden elixir with other adepts. When the elixir was ready, Xianzu locked it in a jade box: “I love the world too well to ascend now—I will swallow it on my deathbed.”
4
退
Wang Chun of Hedong loved the Changes in youth, read the winds, wandered Zhao and Wei, and was famed for sending talismans heavenward. When Gaozu raised his banner at Xindu, Chun became his house diviner. At Hanling they were surrounded; from dawn to noon they clashed three times and broke off three times. Gaozu meant to retreat; Chun caught his bridle: “Before mid-afternoon you will win decisively.” He bound his son and offered him as hostage, asking to be beheaded himself if he proved wrong. Soon the enemy was routed. On later campaigns his forecasts usually proved right; he became inspector of Xu Province and died in office.
5
便 便
Xindu Fang was from Hejian. From youth he excelled at mathematics and was praised locally. Ingenious and obsessive, he forgot food and sleep over his work and once fell into a ditch. He said, “Calculation is so subtle that when I ponder it I hear no thunder.” Such was his concentration. He offered his arts to Gaozu, became a house guest, and was made staff officer in the chancellor’s granary bureau. Zu Ting said, “The pitch-pipe ash test is subtle and long lost—I cannot recover it; try.” Fang labored ten days and said, “I have it—but only with reed-ash from Henei.” With Henei reed-ash the ash leapt at each season’s turn; other ash stayed still. The court ignored him, the method was never used, and the art died out. He compiled ancient devices—armillary spheres, seismoscopes, tipping vessels, clepsydras—illustrated them in Standards of Instruments. He also wrote Books of Music, the Classic of Hidden Stem, and Four Arts and the Gnomon of the Zhou. His private Spiritual Constitution Calendar tracked the moon’s varying size and fixed eclipses at new moon with rare clarity. “He Chengtian tried this but lacked precision,” he said; “finish this calendar and posterity will not quarrel.” He died before the book was finished.
6
Song Jingye was from Guangzong. He mastered the Changes, yin-yang lore, weft-text prophecy, and calendrics. At the end of Wei he governed Beiping. While Xianzu was chief minister at Jinyang, Jingye reported through Gao Dezheng: “The Appraisal Diagram of the Changes reads: ‘Ding, the fifth month—a sage reigns; Heaven grants long life; in the northeastern waters a commoner becomes king; Gao shall obtain it.’ The northeastern waters are Bohai; ‘Gao obtains it’ means the Gao will take the realm.” This was the fifth month of Wei Wuding year eight. Gao Dezheng and Xu Zhicai urged Xianzu to take the throne, and he marched on Ye. At Pingcheng the ministers dissuaded him and he nearly turned back. Heba Ren urged, “Jingye misled you—behead him to satisfy the realm.” Xianzu said, “Jingye is fit to teach emperors—he cannot be killed.” Back at Bing, Xianzu had Jingye cast the hexagrams and drew Qian changing to Ding. Jingye said, “Qian is the ruler—it is Heaven. The Changes says, “He rides six dragons to govern Heaven.” Ding is the fifth-month hexagram. Take the throne on an auspicious midsummer day.” Others cited yin-yang taboos: “The fifth month forbids taking office—violators die in their posts.” Jingye answered, “That is excellent: as Son of Heaven you have no term to end—how would you not die in office?” Xianzu was delighted. At the opening of Tianbao he was made gentleman attendant at the palace secretariat.
7
Jing Cide, versed in numerology, foretold Erzhu Rong’s fall and declared that Qi would replace Wei. Ge Rong heard this and took the title King of Qi. Ge Rong honored him and asked about heaven and earth. Cide answered, “Qi will rise; a Son of Heaven will come from the Eastern Sea. You hold Bohai—that is Qi’s ground. Venus stands with the moon—strike at once; delay is ill-omened.” Rong ignored him.
8
祿 滿
Xu Zun was from Gaoyang. He mastered the Changes and milfoil, astronomy, wind lore, physiognomy, and geomantic needles—with uncanny accuracy. Gaozu kept him as house diviner; Zun said his fate held neither riches nor violent death, so he spoke freely and often gave offense, yet Gaozu indulged him. At the Mang’s north bank he told Li Yexing, “Their formation is fire, ours wood—fire defeats wood; we will lose.” It happened as he said. Prince Qinghe Yue made him recorder in his field bureau. When Yue became a prince, Zun remarked, “Bees make kings too.” When Yue prepared to relieve Jiangling, Zun warned, “This march brings disaster—plead illness and stay.” Yue said, “I cannot refuse—I ought to take you along.” Zun said, “I keep company with the living—I will not share a road with the dead.” He stayed behind. Yue reached the capital and soon died. As Xianzu grew more lawless, Zun said, “I keep casting when this madman will die.” He spread rods across his bed and cried, “Before winter I shall not see him.” Xianzu died in the tenth month; Zun died in the ninth as he foretold.
9
使 宿
Wu Zunshi, styled Jixu, was from Bohai; he studied the Changes in youth and lived with a hermit priest on Mount Heng. After years an old man said, “I give you the Heart-Opening Talisman.” Zunshi knelt, swallowed it, and became a master of divination. In the capital he became famed for the Changes. Before Wei Wudi took the throne, Zunshi cast Mingyi changing to Bi: “First he rises to heaven, then he goes into the earth.” The emperor asked, “What does that mean?” Zunshi said, “Rising to heaven means he becomes Son of Heaven. Entering the earth means his reign will not last.” It ended exactly as he said. Shizu, holding the capital as chief minister, feared suspicion and plotted revolt; nightly he had Zunshi divine. Zunshi said, “Do not move—great fortune will come unbidden.” Soon the Prince of Zhao, by the empress dowager’s testament, recalled Shizu. On his accession he offered Zunshi a secretariat post; Zunshi pleaded illness and refused.
10
西
Zhao Fuhe was from Qingdu. From youth he mastered the Changes and milfoil and served as a house diviner. After Gaozu died at Jinyang, Shizong ordered Xianzu to choose a tomb on the Zhang’s north bank west of Ye. Xianzu and Wu Zunshi cast repeatedly with ill results; at one site Zunshi drew Ge, and dozens agreed it was unlucky. Young Fuhe spoke last: “Ge bodes ill for commoners, but for a royal house it is excellent. The Ge judgment reads, “Tang and Wu changed the mandate, obeying Heaven and the people.” Xianzu mounted at once and said, “This is the place.” That became Yiping Tomb. When a man’s father fell ill, a friend divined Tai for him and declared the illness would pass. The man rejoiced. Fuhe told the diviner afterward, “Tai puts Qian under Kun—he goes into the earth; how is that auspicious?” Soon came word of death. In Daning and Wuping he divined palace births and dates with great success and was made regular attendant in direct communication.
11
使 殿
Huangfu Yu’s origins were unknown. A physiognomer, he frequented the houses of nobles. As Shizong marched back from Yingchuan with Xianzu behind, Yu watched from the roadside: “The Grand General will not prevail—the man north of the road who wipes his nose will.” Xianzu blindfolded him and had him feel his way among the courtiers to test his art. At Xianzu he said, “Here is the greatest man in office.” Of Rencheng he said, “He will reach the chancellorship.” Changshan and Changuang he also called noble—and pinched each in secret. At Shi Dongtong he said, “A court fool.” At the pantry steward: “Good meals, nothing more.” Reading Gao Guiyan’s face, Yu said, “You will rise to the summit of rank—only do not rebel.” Guiyan asked, “Why would I rebel?” Yu said, “You bear a rebel’s bone.” Yu told his wife, “The throne will not hold two years.” His wife told Husiqing, who told the emperor; the emperor summoned him in anger. Yu had long said he would die by the blade; summoned, he told his wife, “I will not return—unless I pass noon.” At noon he was beheaded.
12
使
In Shizong’s day a blind Wu man judged men by voice; Shizong tested him often. Liu Taozhi’s voice, he said, betokened great wealth—and many lords would die by his hand, like hawks trained for others. Zhao Daode too served others; he would shine, but less than Liu. Taiyuan’s voice meant a throne; at Shizong’s he was silent until Cui Xian pinched him, then he lied, “A ruler too.” Shizong thought, “If my slaves rise so high, what of me?”
13
Jiefa Xuan was from Henei. From youth his mirror-reading of faces never failed. He Shikai kept him as mansion staff after repeated favorable readings.
14
鹿 祿
Wei Ning was from Julu. Summoned as house guest for his skill in fate calculation. Wucheng tested him personally; he never missed. Wucheng disguised his birth date; Ning said, “Supreme fortune—and the tomb this year.” Wucheng cried, “That is me!” Ning backtracked: “Emperors follow other rules.” Master Yang cited a rhyme: “Lu sixteen, pheasant fourteen, the colt strikes his head at thirty-two. Four eights are heaven’s great number—the Grand Supreme’s reign will not pass it.” Wucheng died at thirty-two, as he said.
15
西
Qimu Huaiwen’s home commandery was unknown. He served Gaozu with Daoist arts. Early in Wuding the royal army fought Zhou Wen at Mount Mang. The royal banners were red, the western army black. Huaiwen said, “Fire against water is ill-omened—do not meet black with red. Earth conquers water—use yellow.” Gaozu switched to ochre yellow—the Heyang banners.
16
宿宿 宿
He forged night-quenched blades: layer soft iron on hardened steel, quench in the five beasts’ urine and fat—the edge cut thirty layers of armor. Xiangguo smiths still use his night-soft ingots; their blades are keen but not thirty-fold. He said the soil at Ganzi Castle south of Guangping, where Gan Jiang forged swords, polishes blades. Huaiwen became inspector of Xin Province.
17
Sun Zhengyan recalled hearing in Guangzhou during Wuding: “Among Gao’s sons, Abao will reign; when Degao’s Chengzhi comes, the line ends. Abao is Tianbao, Degao is Dechang; the doomed era Chengguang is Chengzhi.”
18
鹿
Zhang Zixin was from Henei. Quiet and literate by nature. Famed young as a physician, he lived as a hermit on White Deer Mountain. In the capital Wei Shou and Cui Jishu honored him; poems between them survive. Wei made him grand master of palace leisure, letting him return to the hills; he was seldom at Ye.
19
西 使
He also read the Changes and the winds. Xi Yongluo sat with Zixin when magpies fought in the courtyard tree and fell. Zixin said, “The magpie foretells trouble; if southwest wind brushes this tree and the hall corner at dusk, quarrels follow. If summoned tonight, refuse—even an edict; plead illness.” Wind came as he foretold. That night Langye’s fifth son urgently summoned Yongluo, claiming an edict. His wife held him back, claiming a fall had broken his waist. At dawn the coup erupted. Zixin died with the fall of Qi.
20
退便 殿
Ma Siming was from Henei. He mastered medicine and the classics—Jade A, Plain Questions, Bright Hall, and the materia medica canon. He could tell life or death a year ahead. When Xing Shao’s son Dabao fell ill, Siming said to Yang Yin, “The cold will pass, but the pulse shows death within a year—too late to cure.” At court Xianzu said he would give Dabao a nearby commandery. Yang objected after the feast: “Siming says Dabao’s pulse is fatal within a year—a distant post leaves him without care.” The appointment was dropped. Dabao died within the year.
21
便
Siming cured Yang’s back abscess with refined stone paste. Refined stone: heat yellow cobbles to red, quench in vinegar until they crumble, dry and sift the powder. Mixed with vinegar and applied, no swelling failed to heal. He later became regular attendant in direct communication. His acupuncture points often differed from the Bright Hall canon.
22
On the road to Jinyang in Liaoyang hills, placards offered a hundred thousand cash to heal a girl. Famous doctors came, read the case, and dared not treat. Only Siming took the case. He asked how the illness began. She had touched a wheat ear; a red serpent-like thing two inches long entered her finger. Her arm swelled to half her body in agony day and night. Siming gave her a decoction. When he returned from court, she was healed. Siming died in early Sui.
23
This text has been collated against the Zhonghua Book Company first edition of the Book of Northern Qi (November 1972).
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