1
魏諸宗室
The Wei Imperial Clan
2
上谷公紇羅，神元皇帝之曾孫也。 初從道武皇帝自獨孤如賀蘭部，與弟建勸賀蘭訥推道武為主。 及道武即帝位，以援立功，與建同日賜爵為公。 卒。
Duke of Shanggu Heluo was a great-grandson of Emperor Shenyuan. Early on he followed Emperor Daowu from the Dugu clan to the Helan tribe, and together with his younger brother Jian persuaded Helan Ne to set Daowu up as leader. Once Daowu ascended the throne, both were enfeoffed as dukes the same day for their aid in raising him. He died.
3
子題，賜爵襄城公，後進爵為王。 擊慕容麟於義台，中流矢薨。 帝以太醫令陰光為視療不盡術，伏法。 子悉襲，降爵為襄城公，卒，贈襄城王。 神元後又有建德公嬰文、真定侯陸，並仕太武，特獲封爵。
His son Ti received the title Duke of Xiangcheng and was later promoted to prince. While attacking Murong Lin at Yitai he took a stray arrow and died. The emperor had Grand Physician Yin Guang executed, holding that his treatment had not exhausted every possible remedy. His son Xi inherited the rank, was demoted to Duke of Xiangcheng, died, and was posthumously ennobled Prince of Xiangcheng. Shenyuan's line also produced Duke of Jiande Yingwen and Marquis of Zhending Lu, who both served Emperor Taiwu and were specially enfeoffed.
4
武陵侯因、長樂王壽樂，並章帝之後也。 因從道武平中原，以功封曲逆侯。 太武時，改爵武陵。 壽樂位選部尚書、南安王，改封長樂王。 文成即位，壽樂有援立功，拜太宰、大都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事。 矜功，與尚書令長孫渴侯爭權，並伏法。
Marquis of Wuling Yin and Prince of Changle Shoule were both descendants of Emperor Zhang. Yin followed Daowu in pacifying the Central Plains and was enfeoffed Marquis of Qu Ni for his service. Under Emperor Taiwu his fief was changed to Marquis of Wuling. Shoule served as Director of the Bureau of Selection and Prince of Nan'an before his title was changed to Prince of Changle. When Emperor Wencheng took the throne, Shoule was rewarded for aiding the succession with the posts of Grand Preceptor, Grand Commander of All Armies Within and Without, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing. He flaunted his achievements and clashed with Director of the Masters of Writing Changsun Kehou over power; both men were executed.
5
望都公頹，昭帝之後也。 隨道武平中原，賜爵望都侯。 太武以頹美儀容，進止可觀，使迎左昭儀於蠕蠕，進爵為公。 卒。
Duke of Wangdu Tui was a descendant of Emperor Zhao. He followed Daowu in pacifying the Central Plains and received the title Marquis of Wangdu. Emperor Taiwu, finding Tui handsome and dignified in bearing, sent him to escort the Left Lady of Brilliant Deportment from the Rouran and promoted him to duke. He died.
6
曲陽侯素延、順陽公鬱、宜都王目辰，並桓帝之後也。
Marquis of Quyang Suyan, Duke of Shunyang Yu, and Prince of Yidu Muchen were all descendants of Emperor Huan.
7
素延以小統從道武征討諸部，初定并州，為刺史。 道武之驚于柏肆也，并州守將封竇真為逆，素延斬之。 時道武意欲撫悅新附，悔參合之誅，而素延殺戮過多，坐免官。 中山平，拜幽州刺史，豪奢放逸，左遷上谷太守。 後賜爵曲陽侯。 時道武留心黃、老，欲以純風化俗； 雖乘輿服御，皆去雕飾。 素延奢侈過度，帝深銜之，積其過，因征，坐賜死。
Suyan served Daowu as a junior commander in campaigns against the tribes; after Bing Province was first secured he was made its governor. When Daowu was alarmed at Baixi, the Bingzhou garrison commander Feng Douzhen rebelled, and Suyan beheaded him. Daowu then wished to win over the newly submitted and regretted the massacre at Canhe, but Suyan had slaughtered too many people and was dismissed. After Zhongshan fell he was made Governor of You Province, but his extravagance and dissipation earned him demotion to Governor of Shanggu. He was later enfeoffed Marquis of Quyang. Daowu was then devoted to Huang-Lao teachings and wished to reform customs through pure example; even imperial carriage fittings and personal adornments were stripped of ornament. Suyan's extravagance knew no bounds; the emperor nursed a deep grudge, tallied his offenses, and when he was summoned had him put to death.
8
鬱少忠正亢直。 文成時，位殿中尚書，賜爵順陽公。 文成崩，乙渾專權，鬱從順德門入，欲誅渾。 渾窘怖，遂奉獻文臨朝。 後復謀殺渾，為渾所誅。 獻文錄鬱忠正，追贈順陽王，諡曰簡。
From youth Yu was loyal, upright, and unyielding. Under Emperor Wencheng he served as Palace Director of the Masters of Writing and was enfeoffed Duke of Shunyang. After Wencheng's death Yichun seized sole power; Yu entered by the Shunde Gate intending to kill him. Cornered and terrified, Yichun thereupon installed Emperor Xianwen to hold court. He later plotted again to kill Yichun and was executed by him. Emperor Xianwen honored Yu's loyal uprightness, posthumously making him Prince of Shunyang with the temple name Jian.
9
目辰，文成即位，曆侍中、尚書左僕射，封南平公。 乙渾謀亂，目辰、順陽公謀殺之。 事發，目辰逃免。 獻文傳位，有定策勳。 孝文即位，進爵宜都王，除雍州刺史，鎮長安。 有罪，伏法，爵除。
When Wencheng took the throne Muchen served successively as Palace Attendant and Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and was enfeoffed Duke of Nanping. When Yichun plotted rebellion, Muchen and the Duke of Shunyang conspired to kill him. When the plot was exposed, Muchen escaped. When Xianwen abdicated in favor of a successor, he had merit in settling the succession. Under Emperor Xiaowen he was promoted to Prince of Yidu, relieved as Governor of Yong Province, and posted at Chang'an. Convicted of a crime, he was executed and his title was extinguished.
10
六修，穆帝長子也。 少凶悖。 穆帝五年，遣六修與輔相衛雄、范班及姬淡等救劉琨，帝躬統大兵為後繼。 劉粲懼，突圍而走，殺傷甚眾。 帝因大獵壽陽山，陳閱皮肉，山為變赤。 穆帝少子比延有寵，欲以為後； 六修出居新平城，而黜其母。 六修有驊騮駿馬，日行五百里，穆帝欲取以給比延。 後六修來朝，穆帝又命拜比延，六修不從。 穆帝乃坐比延於己所乘步輦，使人導從出遊。 六修望見，以為穆帝，謁伏路左； 及至，乃是比延，慚怒而去。 穆帝怒，伐之。 帝軍不利，六修殺比延。 帝改服微行人間，有賤婦人識帝，遂暴崩。 桓帝子普根先守于外，聞難來赴，滅之。
Liuxiu was the eldest son of Emperor Mu. From youth he was violent and rebellious. In Emperor Mu's fifth year he sent Liuxiu with the assisting minister Wei Xiong, Fan Ban, Ji Dan, and others to rescue Liu Kun, while he personally led a great army in support. Liu Can, in fear, broke out and fled; the dead and wounded were very many. The emperor then held a great hunt on Shouyang Mountain, laid out hides and flesh for inspection, and the mountain turned red. The emperor's youngest son Biyan was favored, and he wished to make him heir; Liuxiu was sent to live at Xinping while his mother was cast down. Liuxiu owned a piebald thoroughbred that could run five hundred li in a day; Emperor Mu wished to take it for Biyan. When Liuxiu later came to court, Emperor Mu again ordered him to bow to Biyan, but Liuxiu refused. The emperor then seated Biyan on his own step carriage and had attendants escort him on an outing. Liuxiu saw the procession from afar, mistook it for the emperor, and prostrated himself by the road; when he drew near and found it was only Biyan, he left in shame and fury. The emperor, enraged, marched against him. The imperial army fared poorly; Liuxiu killed Biyan. The emperor disguised himself among commoners; a humble woman recognized him, and he died suddenly. Emperor Huan's son Pugen had been guarding abroad; hearing of the crisis he came and destroyed Liuxiu.
11
吉陽男比干、江夏公呂，並道武族弟也。 比干以司衛監討白澗丁零有功，賜爵吉陽男。 後為南道都將，戰沒。 呂以軍功封江夏公，位外都大官，大見尊重。 卒，贈江夏王，陪葬金陵。
Baron of Jiyang Bigan and Duke of Jiangxia Lü were both younger cousins of Daowu. As Director of Palace Guards, Bigan attacked the Dingling of Baixian with success and was enfeoffed Baron of Jiyang. He later served as Commander of the Southern Route and died in battle. Lü was enfeoffed Duke of Jiangxia for military merit, served as Grand Officer of the Outer Court, and was held in high esteem. He died, was posthumously made Prince of Jiangxia, and was buried at Jinling.
12
高涼王孤，平文皇帝之第四子也。 多才藝，有志略。 烈帝之前元年，國有內難，昭成如襄國。 後烈帝臨崩，顧命迎立昭成。 及崩，群臣咸以新有大故，昭成來未可果，宜立長君。 次弟屈剛猛多變，不如孤之寬和柔順。 於是大人梁蓋等殺屈，共推孤。 不肯，乃自詣鄴奉迎，請身留為質，石季龍義而從之。 昭成即王位，乃分國半部以與之。 薨。
Prince of Gaoliang Gu was the fourth son of Emperor Pingwen. He had many talents and arts, and possessed resolute will and strategy. In the year before Emperor Lie's reign the state suffered internal strife and Zhaocheng went to Xiangguo. When Emperor Lie was dying he entrusted the command to welcome and establish Zhaocheng. At his death the ministers argued that with so recent a calamity Zhaocheng's arrival could not yet be assured; they ought to establish the eldest prince. The next younger brother Qu was fierce and changeable—unlike Gu's breadth, harmony, and compliance. Thereupon the elders Liang Gai and others killed Qu and together raised Gu. He refused; he went in person to Ye to welcome Zhaocheng, offered to remain as hostage, and Shi Jilong, moved by his righteousness, agreed. When Zhaocheng took the royal title he divided half the realm and gave it to him. He died.
13
子斤，失職懷怒，構寔君為逆，死于長安。 道武時，以孤勳高，追封高涼王，諡曰神武。 斤子真樂，頻有戰功，後襲祖封。 明元初，改封平陽王。 薨。
His son Jin, embittered after losing office, incited Shijun to rebel and died at Chang'an. Under Daowu, Gu's merit being great, he was posthumously enfeoffed Prince of Gaoliang with the temple name Shenwu. Jin's son Zhenle won repeated battle honors and later inherited his grandfather's title. At the start of Emperor Mingyuan's reign his title was changed to Prince of Pingyang. He died.
14
子禮，襲本爵高涼王。 薨，諡懿王。
His son Li inherited the original title, Prince of Gaoliang. He died and received the posthumous name Prince Yi.
15
子那，襲爵，拜中都大官，驍猛善攻戰。 正平初，坐事伏法。 獻文即位，追那功，命子紇紹封。 薨。
His son Na inherited the title, was appointed Grand Officer of the Central Court, and was fierce and skilled in assault. At the start of Zhengping he was executed for an offense. When Xianwen took the throne he recalled Na's merit and ordered his son He to inherit the fief. He died.
16
子大曹，性願直。 孝文時，諸王非道武子孫者，例降爵為公。 以大曹先世讓國功重，高祖真樂勳著前朝，改封太原郡公。 卒，無子，國除。 宣武又以大曹從兄子洪威紹。 恭謙好學，為潁川太守，有政績。 孝靜初，在潁川聚眾應西魏，齊神武遣將討平之。
His son Dacao was by nature plainspoken and upright. Under Xiaowen, princes who were not Daowu's descendants were by rule demoted to duke. Because his forebears had yielded the realm with great merit and Gaozu's Zhenle had shone in the previous dynasty, he was changed to Duke of Taiyuan commandery. He died without heirs and the fief was extinguished. Emperor Xuanwu again had Dacao's cousin's son Hongwei continue the line. Respectful and studious, he served as Governor of Yingchuan with administrative distinction. At the start of Xiaojing he gathered followers at Yingchuan in support of Western Wei; Qi Shenwu sent generals who suppressed and pacified him.
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禮弟陵，太武賜爵襄邑男，進爵為子。 卒。
Li's younger brother Ling was enfeoffed Baron of Xiangyi by Taiwu and later advanced to viscount. He died.
18
子大器，襲爵。 後與元瑾謀害齊文襄，見害。 孤孫度，道武初，賜爵松滋侯，位比部尚書。 卒。 子乙斤，襲爵襄陽侯。 獻文崇舊齒，拜外都大官，甚優重。 卒。 子平，字楚國，襲世爵松滋侯，以軍功賜艾陵男。 卒。
His son Daqi inherited the title. He later plotted with Yuan Jin to harm Qi Wenxiang and was killed. Gu's grandson Du, at the start of Daowu, was enfeoffed Marquis of Songzi and served as Director of the Bureau of Review. He died. His son Yijin inherited the title Marquis of Xiangyang. Xianwen honored old worthies, appointed him Grand Officer of the Outer Court, and treated him with exceptional favor. He died. His son Ping, style Chuguo, inherited the hereditary Marquisate of Songzi and for military merit was also granted Baron of Ailing. He died.
19
子萇，孝文時，襲爵松滋侯，例降侯，賜艾陵伯。 萇性剛毅，雖有吉慶事，未嘗開口而笑。 孝文遷都，萇以代尹留鎮，除懷朔鎮都大將。 因別，賜萇酒，雖拜飲而顏色不泰。 帝曰：「聞公一生不笑，今方隔山，當為朕笑。」 竟不能得。 帝曰：「五行之氣，偏有所不入； 六合之間，亦何事不有！」 左右見者，無不把腕大笑。 宣武時，為北中郎將，帶河內太守。 萇以河橋船絙路狹，不便行旅，又秋水泛漲，年常破壞，乃為船路。 遂廣募空車從京出者，率令輸石一雙，累以為岸。 橋闊，來往便利。 近橋諸郡，無復勞擾，公私賴之。 歷位度支尚書、侍中、雍州刺史。 卒，諡曰成。 萇中年以後，官位微達，乃自尊倨，閨門無禮，昆季不穆，性又貪虐，論者鄙之。
His son Chang, under Xiaowen, inherited the Marquisate of Songzi; by rule it was demoted to viscount while he received Baron of Ailing. Chang was stern and resolute; even at joyous occasions he never opened his mouth to laugh. When Xiaowen moved the capital, Chang stayed behind as Acting Governor and was appointed Grand General of Huaishuo. At their parting the emperor gave Chang wine; he bowed and drank, yet his face showed no ease. The emperor said, "They say you have never laughed in all your life; now mountains lie between us—you ought to laugh for me. He still could not. The emperor said, "The qi of the Five Phases—surely it does not enter every place alike; between the Six Directions, what could not happen! Those standing by all clutched their wrists and burst out laughing. Under Xuanwu he served as Northern Central Commander with concurrent appointment as Governor of Henei. Finding the Heqiao bridge cables too narrow for travelers and the autumn floods destroying it yearly, Chang built a boat route instead. He recruited empty carts leaving the capital and ordered each to haul one pair of stones, piling them into embankments. The crossing widened and travel became easy. Nearby commanderies were spared further hardship; public and private interests alike benefited. He later served as Director of Revenue, Palace Attendant, and Governor of Yong Province. He died and received the posthumous name Cheng. In midlife his offices rose only modestly; he grew arrogant, neglected ritual at home, quarreled with his brothers, and was greedy and cruel—commentators despised him.
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萇子子華，字伏榮，襲爵。 孝莊初，除齊州刺史。 先是，州境數經反逆，邢杲之亂，人不自保。 而子華撫集豪右，委之管籥，眾皆感悅，境內帖然。 而性甚褊急，當其急也，口不擇言，手自捶擊。 長史鄭子湛，子華親友也。 見侮罵，遂即去之。 子華雖自悔厲，終不能改。 在官不為矯潔之行，凡有饋贈者，辭多受少，故人不厭其取。 鞫獄訊囚，務加仁恕，齊人樹碑頌德。 後除濟州刺史。 爾硃兆之入洛也，齊州城人趙洛周逐刺史，丹楊王蕭贊表濟南太守房士達攝行州事。 洛周子元顯先隨子華在濟州，邀路改表，請子華復為濟州刺史。 子華母房氏曾就親人飲食，夜還，大吐，人以為中毒，母甚憂懼。 子華遂掬吐盡啖之，其母乃安。 尋以母憂還都。 孝靜初，除南兗州刺史。 弟子思通使關西，朝廷使右衛將軍郭瓊收之。 子思謂瓊僕曰：「速可見殺，何為久執國士？」 子華謂子思曰：「由汝粗疏，令我如此！」 頭叩床，涕泣不自勝。 子思以手捋須，顧謂子華曰：「君惡體氣。」 尋與子思俱賜死于門下外省。
Chang's son Zihua, style Furong, inherited the title. At the start of Xiaozhuang he was made Governor of Qi Province. The province had repeatedly suffered rebellion; during Xing Gao's uprising the people could not protect themselves. Zihua gathered the local magnates, entrusted them with authority, won their loyalty, and brought the region to calm. Yet he was narrow and hot-tempered; in a rage he spoke without restraint and struck people with his own hands. Chief Clerk Zheng Zizhan was his close friend. After being insulted and abused, Zizhan left at once. Zihua later reproached himself, but in the end he could not change. He did not put on false rectitude in office; when offered gifts he usually declined most and accepted little, so people did not resent him. In trials he favored mercy and forbearance; the people of Qi raised a stele praising his virtue. He was later appointed Governor of Ji Province. When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, Qi Province expelled its governor Zhao Luozhou; Prince of Danyang Xiao Zan had Fang Shida of Jinan act as governor. Luozhou's son Yuanyian, who had served under Zihua in Ji, intercepted the dispatch, altered the memorial, and asked that Zihua be restored as governor. Zihua's mother Lady Fang once dined with kin; returning at night she vomited violently, and people suspected poison—she was terrified. Zihua scooped up the vomit and ate it; only then did his mother grow calm. Soon he returned to the capital to mourn his mother. At the start of Xiaojing he was made Governor of Southern Yanzhou. His younger brother Zisi was sent on mission west of the Pass; the court sent Right Guards General Guo Qiong to arrest him. Zisi told Guo's attendant, "Kill me at once—why hold a servant of the realm so long? Zihua said to Zisi, "Your carelessness has brought me to this!" He beat his head on the bed and wept beyond control. Zisi stroked his beard and told Zihua, "Sir, your constitution is unwell. Soon both brothers were ordered to die at the Outer Office below the Gate.
21
子思，字眾念，性剛暴，恆以忠烈自許。 元天穆當朝權，以親從薦為御史中尉。 先是，兼尚書僕射元順奏，以尚書百揆之本，至於公事，不應為送御史。 至子思，奏曰：
Zisi, style Zhongnian, was fierce and violent and always prided himself on loyalty and valor. When Yuan Tianmu held court power he recommended Zisi, as a kinsman, for Imperial Censor. Earlier, Concurrent Vice Director Yuan Shun had argued that the Masters of Writing are the root of government and their public business should not be routed to the censor. Zisi now memorialized:
22
案《御史令》文：「中尉督司百寮，書侍御史糾察禁內。」 又云「中尉出行，車輻前驅，除道一里，王公百辟避路。」 時經四帝，前後中尉二十許人，奉以周旋，未曾暫廢，府寺台省並從此令。 唯肅宗之世為臨洮舉哀，故兼尚書左僕射臣順不肯與名，又不送簿。 故中尉臣酈道元舉而奏之，而順復啟云：「尚書百揆之本，令僕納言之貴，不宜下隸中尉，送名御史。」 尋亦蒙敕，聽如其奏。 從此迄今，使無准一。 臣初上臺，具見其事，意欲申請決議，但以權兼斯，未宜便爾。 日復一日，遂曆炎涼。
He cited the Censor's Ordinance: "The censor supervises the hundred offices; the attendant censor investigates the inner palace. It also states that when the censor goes abroad his escort clears the road for one li and nobles and officials must yield. Across four reigns some twenty censors had followed this practice without interruption; every ministry observed the same rule. Only under Emperor Suzong, during mourning for Lin Tao, had Vice Director Shun refused both to register his name and to send the roster. Former censor Li Daoyuan had reported this; Shun replied that directors of the Masters of Writing were too exalted to be subordinated to the censor or listed on his roster. An edict soon permitted Shun's request. Since then there has been no uniform standard. When I first took office I saw this clearly and wished to press for a ruling, but with power divided I dared not act immediately. Day after day the matter dragged on.
23
去月朔旦，台移尚書，索應朝名帳，而省稽留不送。 尋復移催並主吏，忽為尚書郎中裴獻伯後注云：「案舊事，御史中尉逢台郎於復道，中尉下車執板，郎中車上舉手禮之，以此而言，明非敵體。」 臣既見此，深為怪愕，旅省二三，未解所以。 正謂都省別被新式，改易高祖舊命，即遣移問，事何所依。 又獲尚書郎中王元旭報：「出蔡氏《漢官》，似非穿鑿。」 始知裴、王亦規壞典謨，兩人心欲自矯。
On the first of last month the bureau requested the court-attendance roster from the Masters of Writing, but the ministry withheld it. A renewed demand went to the chief clerks; then Attendant Lang Pei Xianbo appended a note citing old precedent that the censor saluted a bureau lang from the carriage step—proof, he said, that they were not equals. I was astonished; pondering it repeatedly I could not understand their reasoning. I thought the capital ministry had adopted some new form overturning Gaozu's command and asked on what authority. Attendant Lang Wang Yuanxu replied that the citation came from Cai's Han Offices and was not far-fetched. Then I knew Pei and Wang meant to overturn established law; both sought only to justify themselves.
24
臣案《漢書宣秉傳》雲，詔征秉為御史中丞，與司隸校尉、尚書令俱會殿廷，並專席而坐，京師號之為三獨坐。 又尋《魏書崔琰傳》、晉文陽《傅嘏傳》，皆云既為中丞，百寮震悚。 以此而言，則中丞不揖省郎，蓋已久矣。 憲台不屬都坐，亦非今日。 又尋《職令》云：「朝會失時，即加彈糾。」 則百官簿帳應送上臺，灼然明矣。 又皇太子以下違犯憲則，皆得糾察，則令僕朝名宜付御史，又亦彰矣。 不付名至，否臧何驗？ 臣順專執，未為平通； 先朝曲遂，豈是正法！ 謹案尚書郎中臣裴獻伯、王元旭等望班士流，早參清宦，輕弄短劄，斐然若斯，苟執異端，忽焉至此。 此而不綱，將隳朝令。 請以見事免獻伯等所居官，付法科處。 尚書納言之本，令僕百揆之要，同彼浮虛，助茲乖失，宜明首從，節級其罪。
The Han History's biography of Xuan Bing records that censor, director of justice, and director of the Masters of Writing each had a separate seat in the hall—the Three Solitary Seats of the capital. The Wei History's Cui Yan and Jin's Fu Gu likewise say that once one becomes censor the hundred offices tremble. Thus the censor's not bowing to ministry langs is an ancient practice. That the Censorate stands apart from the capital directorate is likewise nothing new. The Duty Ordinance also states that lateness to court is impeachable. Therefore the roster of the hundred offices must be sent to the bureau—plainly so. Since even the crown prince may be investigated for violations, directors' names belong on the censor's roster—equally manifest. Without the roster, how is merit or fault to be judged? Shun's stubborn insistence was neither fair nor reasonable; the former dynasty's indulgence was hardly correct law! I report Attendant Langs Pei Xianbo and Wang Yuanxu—men of standing who toyed with brief notes until heterodoxy reached this pass. If this goes unpunished, court ordinances will collapse. I ask that Xianbo and the rest be removed from office and handed to the law office. Directors of the Masters of Writing are chiefs of government; aiding this deviation they should be chief offenders, punished by degree.
25
詔曰：「國異政，不可據之古事。 付司檢高祖舊格，推處得失以聞。」 尋從子思奏，仍為元天穆所忿，遂停。 元顥之敗，封安定縣子。 孝靜時，位侍中而死。
The edict said, "States differ in government—ancient precedent cannot govern us. Let the office examine Gaozu's old rules and report what should stand or fall. Soon after Zisi's memorial he again angered Yuan Tianmu and was removed. After Yuan Hao's defeat he was enfeoffed Viscount of Anding. Under Xiaojing he served as Palace Attendant and died.
26
萇弟珍，字金雀，襲爵艾陵男。 宣武時，曲事高肇，遂為帝寵昵。 彭城王勰之死，珍率壯士害之。 後卒于尚書左僕射。
Chang's younger brother Zhen, style Jinque, inherited Baron of Ailing. Under Xuanwu he curried favor with Gao Zhao and won the emperor's intimacy. When Prince of Pengcheng Xie died, Zhen led bravos who killed him. He later died as Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
27
平弟長生，位遊擊將軍，卒。 孝莊時，以子天穆貴盛，贈司空。 天穆性和厚，美形貌，射有能名。 六鎮之亂，尚書令李崇、廣陽王深北討，天穆以太尉使勞諸軍。 路出秀容，見爾硃榮，深相結讬，約為兄弟。 未幾，改授別將，赴秀容，為榮腹心，除并州刺史。 及榮赴洛，天穆參其始謀。 莊帝踐阼，除太尉，封上党王，征赴京師。 後增封，通前三萬戶。 尋監國史，錄尚書事，開府，世襲并州刺史。
Ping's younger brother Changsheng served as Mobile Cavalry General and died. Under Xiaozhuang, because his son Tianmu rose high, he was posthumously made Minister of Works. Tianmu was mild and generous, handsome, and famed for archery. During the Six Garrisons uprising, Li Chong and Prince of Guangyang Shen marched north while Tianmu, as Grand Preceptor, was sent to comfort the troops. Passing Xiurong he met Erzhu Rong; they bound themselves closely and swore brotherhood. Soon reassigned as a separate commander, he went to Xiurong, became Rong's intimate, and was made Governor of Bing Province. When Rong marched on Luoyang, Tianmu shared in the opening plot. When Emperor Zhuang took the throne Tianmu was made Grand Preceptor and Prince of Shangdang and summoned to the capital. His fief was later increased to thirty thousand households in all. He soon supervised the national history, recorded the Masters of Writing, opened a bureau, and held Bing Province by hereditary right.
28
初，杜洛周、鮮于修禮為寇，瀛、冀諸州人多避亂南向。 幽州前北平府主簿河間邢杲擁率部曲，屯據鄚城，以拒洛周、葛榮，垂將三載。 及廣陽王深等敗後，杲南度，居青州北海界。 靈太后詔流人所在皆置，命屬郡縣，選豪右為守令以撫鎮之。 時青州刺史元世俊表置新安郡，以杲為太守，未報。 會台申休簡授郡縣，以杲從子子瑤資廕居前，乃授河間太守。 杲深恥恨，於是遂反。 所在流人，先為土人陵忽，聞杲起逆，率來從之，旬朔之間，眾逾十萬。 先是，河南人常笑河北人好食榆葉，故齊人號之為「攅遝榆賊」。 杲東掠光州，盡海而還，又破都督李叔仁軍。 詔天穆與齊神武討，大破之。 杲乃請降，傳送京師斬之。
At first Du Luozhou and Xianyu Xiuli raided; people of Ying and Ji fled south. Xing Gao of Hejian led his band, held Mao city against Luozhou and Ge Rong for nearly three years. After Shen's defeat Gao crossed south to the Qingzhou–Beihai border. Empress Ling ordered displaced people settled under local magistrates chosen from powerful families. Governor of Qingzhou Yuan Shijun asked to establish Xin'an with Gao as governor; no reply came. When the court streamlined county appointments, Gao's nephew Ziyao's hereditary rank placed him ahead, and Gao was passed over for Hejian. Deeply shamed, Gao rebelled. Displaced people bullied by locals flocked to him when he rebelled; within a fortnight his host passed a hundred thousand. Henan people had mocked Hebei folk for eating elm leaves, so Qi people called them the Elm-Leaf Bandits. Gao raided Guang Province to the sea and back, and again defeated Commander Li Shuren. Tianmu and Qi Shenwu were ordered to suppress him and won a great victory. Gao then surrendered, was sent to the capital, and beheaded.
29
時元顥乘虛陷滎陽。 天穆聞莊帝北巡，自畢公壘北度，會車駕於河內。 爾硃榮以天時炎熱，欲還師。 天穆苦執不可，榮乃從之。 莊帝還宮，加太宰、羽葆鼓吹，增邑通前七萬戶。
Meanwhile Yuan Hao seized Xingyang while the realm was open. Hearing the emperor had gone north, Tianmu crossed from Bigong and met him at Henei. Erzhu Rong, citing the heat, wished to withdraw. Tianmu insisted they could not withdraw; Rong yielded. When the emperor returned, Tianmu received Grand Preceptor, imperial insignia, and a fief of seventy thousand households.
30
天穆以疏屬，本無德望，憑藉爾硃，爵位隆極當時。 熏灼朝野，王公已下每旦盈門； 受納財貨，珍寶充積。 而寬柔容物，不甚見忌于時。 莊帝以其榮黨，外示優寵，詔天穆乘車馬出入大司馬門。 天穆與榮相倚，榮党以兄禮事之。 世隆等雖榮子侄，位遇已重，天穆曾言其失，榮即加杖，其相親任如此。 莊帝內畏惡之，與榮同時見殺。 節閔初，贈丞相、柱國大將軍、雍州刺史、假黃鉞，諡曰武昭。 子儼襲，美才貌，位都官尚書。 及齊受禪，聞敕召，假病，遂怖而卒。
A distant kinsman without native renown, he rose to the summit on Erzhu patronage. His influence scorched court and countryside; nobles filled his gate each morning; bribes and treasures piled high. Yet he was lenient and not much resented. The emperor outwardly favored him as Rong's ally and allowed his carriage through the Grand Marshal Gate. He and Rong relied on each other; Rong's men treated him as elder brother. Even Rong's nephews, though exalted, were beaten when Tianmu reported their faults—such was Rong's trust. The emperor inwardly feared him; he was killed with Rong. Under Jiemin he was posthumously Chancellor, Grand General of the Pillar of State, Governor of Yong, with the Golden Axe, posthumous name Wuzhao. His son Yan inherited—handsome and talented—and served as Director of the Bureau of Justice. When Qi took the mandate, summoned to court he feigned illness and died of fear.
31
西河公敦，平文帝之曾孫也。 道武初，從征，名冠諸將。 後從征中山，所向無前。 明元時，拜中都大官。 太武時，進爵西河公，寵遇彌篤。 卒，子撥襲。
Duke of Xihe Dun was a great-grandson of Emperor Pingwen. At the start of Daowu he campaigned; his name stood first among generals. Later in the Zhongshan campaign he swept all before him. Under Mingyuan he was Grand Officer of the Central Court. Under Taiwu he was advanced to Duke of Xihe and favored ever more deeply. He died; his son Bo inherited.
32
司徒石，平文帝之玄孫也。 有膽略。 從太武南討，至瓜步山。 位尚書令、雍州刺史，曆北部侍郎、華州刺史。
Minister of Works Shi was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Pingwen. He had daring and strategy. He followed Taiwu's southern campaign as far as Guabu Mountain. He served as Director of the Masters of Writing and Governor of Yong, and also as Vice Director of the Northern Department and Governor of Hua.
33
武衛將軍謂，烈帝之第四子也。 寬雅有將略。 常從道武征討，有功，除武衛將軍。 子烏真，膂力絕人，隨道武征伐，屢有戰功，官至钜鹿太守。 子興都，聰敏剛毅。 文成時，為河間太守，賜爵樂城子。 為政嚴猛，百姓憚之。 獻文初，以子丕貴重，進爵樂城侯。 謝老歸家，帝益禮之，賜几杖服物，致膳於第。 其妻婁氏，為東陽王太妃。 卒，追贈定州刺史、河間公，諡曰宣。
Prince of Wuwei Wei was the fourth son of Emperor Lie. Broad and elegant, he possessed a commander's strategy. He often followed Daowu in campaigns with merit and was made General of the Martial Guard. His son Wuzhen's strength was unmatched; he followed Daowu in conquest, won repeated honors, and became Governor of Julu. His son Xingdu was clever, keen, and resolute. Under Wencheng he governed Hejian and was enfeoffed Viscount of Lecheng. His rule was stern and fierce; the people feared him. At the start of Xianwen, because his son Pi was exalted, he was advanced to Marquis of Lecheng. He retired in old age; the emperor honored him with couch, staff, garments, and meals sent to his home. His wife Lady Lou was Grand Consort of the Prince of Dongyang. He died, was posthumously Governor of Dingzhou and Duke of Hejian, posthumous name Xuan.
34
子提，襲公侯爵。 提弟丕，太武時從駕臨江，賜爵興平子。 獻文即位，累遷侍中。 丞相乙渾謀反，丕以奏聞，詔收渾誅之。 遷尚書令，改封東陽公。 孝文時，封東陽王，拜侍中、司徒公。 丕子超生，車駕親幸其第。 以執心不二，詔賜丕入八議，傳示子孫，犯至百，聽責數恕之。 放其同籍丁口雜使役調，求受復除。 若有奸邪人方便讒毀者，即加斬戮。 尋遷太尉、錄尚書事。
His son Ti inherited the ducal and marquisal titles. Ti's younger brother Pi followed Taiwu to the Yangtze and was enfeoffed Viscount of Xingping. When Xianwen took the throne he rose to Palace Attendant. Chancellor Yichun plotted rebellion; Pi reported it and Yichun was seized and executed. He became Director of the Masters of Writing and was changed to Duke of Dongyang. Under Xiaowen he was Prince of Dongyang, Palace Attendant, and nominal Duke of the Masters of Writing. When Pi's son Chao was born the emperor visited his home in person. For undivided loyalty an edict granted Pi the Eight Discussions for his line; offenses up to a hundred might be tallied and forgiven. Registered clansmen and corvée levies were released from mixed labor and tax. Anyone who slandered him by treacherous means was to be beheaded at once. Soon he was Grand Preceptor and Recorder of the Masters of Writing.
35
時淮南王佗、淮陽王尉元、河東王苟頹並以舊老見禮。 每有大事，引入禁中，乘步挽杖於朝，進退相隨。 丕、佗、元三人皆容貌壯偉，腰帶十圍，大耳秀眉，須鬢斑白，百寮觀瞻，莫不祗聳。 唯苟頹小為短劣，姿望亦不逮之。 孝文、文明太后重年敬舊，存問周渥。 丕聲氣高郎，博記國事； 饗宴之際，恆居坐端； 必抗音大言，敘列既往成敗，帝后敬納焉。 然謟事要人，驕侮輕賤，每見王睿、苻承祖，常傾身下之。 時文明太后為王睿造宅，故亦為造甲第。 第成，帝、後幸之，率百官文武饗宴焉。 使尚書令王睿宣昭，賜丕金印一紐。 太后親造勸戒歌辭以賜群官，丕上疏贊謝。 太后令曰：「臣哉鄰哉！ 鄰哉臣哉！ 君則亡逸於上，臣則履冰於下。 若能如此，太平豈難致乎！」 及丕妻段氏卒，諡曰恭妃，又特賜丕金券。 後例降王爵，封平陽郡公。 求致仕，詔不許。
Prince of Huainan Tuo, Prince of Huaiyang Yuanyuan, and Prince of Hedong Gougui were all honored as elders. For great affairs they were brought within the palace, riding the step carriage with canes and moving as one at court. Pi, Tuo, and Yuanyuan were all imposing—ten-span belts, large ears, fine brows, grizzled beards—and the court stood in awe. Only Gougui was shorter and less imposing. Xiaowen and Empress Dowager Wenming honored age and treated the old with full courtesy. Pi's voice rang clear; he remembered state affairs in detail; at banquets he always sat at the head; he spoke loudly of past successes and failures, and emperor and empress listened with respect. Yet he fawned on the powerful and insulted the low; before Wang Rui or Fu Chengzu he bent low. When the empress dowager built a mansion for Wang Rui, one was built for Pi as well. When it was finished the emperor and empress feasted there with the whole court. Wang Rui proclaimed the edict and bestowed one gold seal on Pi. The empress dowager composed admonitory songs for the officials; Pi memorialized his thanks. The empress dowager said, "Ministers—and neighbors! Neighbors—and ministers! If the ruler does not dissipate above and ministers tread ice below, great peace is not hard to attain! When Lady Duan died she received posthumous name Consort Gong; Pi was also given gold tallies. Later, by precedent, princely titles were reduced and he became Duke of Pingyang commandery. He asked to retire; the edict refused.
36
及車駕南伐，丕與廣陵王羽留守京師，並加使持節。 詔丕、羽曰：「留守非賢莫可。 太尉年尊德重，位總阿衡。 羽，朕之懿弟，溫柔明斷。 故使二人留守京邑，授以二節，賞罰在手。 其祗允成憲，以稱朕心。」 丕對曰：「謹以死奉詔。」 羽對曰：「太尉宜專節度，臣但可副貳而已。」 帝曰：「老者之智，少者之決，汝何得辭也？」 及帝還代，丕請作歌，詔許之。 歌訖，帝曰：「公傾朕還車，故親歌述志。 今經構已有次第，故暫還舊京，願後時亦同茲適。」 乃詔丕等以移都之事，使各陳志。 燕州刺史穆羆進曰：「今四方未平，謂可不移。 臣聞黃帝都涿鹿，古昔聖王不必悉居中原。」 帝曰：「黃帝以天下未定，故居于涿鹿。 既定，亦遷于河南。」 廣陵王羽曰：「臣思奉神規，光崇丕業，請決之卜筮。」 帝曰：「昔軒轅請卜兆，龜焦，乃問天老，謂為善，遂從其言，終致昌吉。 然則至人之量未然，審於龜矣。」 帝又詔群臣曰：「昔平文皇帝棄背，昭成營居盛樂。 道武神武應天，遷居平城。 朕幸屬勝殘之運，故移宅中原。 北人比及十年，使其徐移。 朕自多積倉儲，不令窘乏。」 前懷州刺史青龍、前秦州刺史呂受恩等仍守愚固，帝皆撫而答之，辭屈，退。
When the emperor marched south, Pi and Prince of Guangling Yu guarded the capital, both with ceremonial staffs. The edict said to Pi and Yu, "Only the worthy should guard the capital. The Grand Preceptor is aged and weighty in virtue, his rank summing the realm's balance. Yu is Our beloved brother—gentle, bright, and decisive. Therefore they guard the capital with two staffs and power over reward and punishment. Fulfill the statutes faithfully to match Our intent. Pi replied, "I will obey unto death." Yu replied, "The Grand Preceptor should command alone; I am only his deputy." The emperor said, "Wisdom in age, decision in youth—how can you refuse?" When the emperor returned to Dai, Pi asked to compose a song and was permitted. When the song ended the emperor said, "You urged Our return; We sing now to state Our intent. Construction has its stages; We return temporarily to the old capital, hoping to share this joy again. He then ordered Pi and the others each to state his will on moving the capital. Governor of Yanzhou Mu Pi said, "The realm is not yet pacified—the move should wait. The Yellow Emperor dwelt at Zhuolu; sage kings need not all live in the Central Plains. The emperor said, "The Yellow Emperor dwelt at Zhuolu because the realm was unsettled. Once it was settled, he moved to Henan." Prince of Guangling Yu said, "Let us glorify the enterprise—please decide by divination." The emperor said, "Xuanyuan once divined; the tortoise scorched, Heaven's Elder called it auspicious, and prosperity followed. The sage's measure is not yet fixed; he is clearer than the tortoise." He addressed the ministers again: "Pingwen passed away; Zhaocheng made Shengle his seat. Daowu, divinely martial, answered Heaven and moved to Pingcheng. We inherit an age that overcame cruelty; therefore We move to the Central Plains. Northerners may move slowly over ten years. We have stored grain abundantly so they shall not suffer want." Former governors Qinglong and Lü Shou'en still argued stubbornly; the emperor answered each gently until they withdrew, defeated in argument.
37
帝又將北巡，丕遷太傅、錄尚書事，頻表固讓。 詔斷表啟，就家拜授。 及車駕發代，丕留守。 詔在代之事，一委太傅； 賜上所乘車馬，往來府省。
When the emperor prepared to tour north again, Pi was made Grand Tutor and Recorder of the Masters of Writing and repeatedly refused the posts. The court forbade further petitions and invested him at his residence. When the emperor left Dai, Pi stayed behind. An edict entrusted everything in Dai to the Grand Tutor; He was granted the ruler's own carriage and horses for travel to and from the ministries.
38
丕雅愛本風，不達新式。 至於變俗遷洛，改官制服，禁絕舊言，皆所不願。 帝亦不逼之，但誘示大理，令其不生同異。 至於衣冕已行，硃服列位，而丕猶常服，列在坐隅。 晚乃稍加弁帶，而不能修飾容儀。 帝以丕年衰體重，亦不強責。 及罷降非道武子孫及異姓王者，雖駁于公爵，而利享封邑，亦不快。
Pi clung to the northern ways and did not grasp the new order. Sinicizing custom, moving the capital to Luoyang, changing offices and dress, and forbidding the old tongue—all of it displeased him. The emperor did not force him either, only setting out the larger rationale so he would not stir opposition. Though court robes and scarlet ranks were already in use, Pi still sat in plain dress off to the side. Only later did he add cap and belt a little, yet he never managed a polished appearance. The emperor, seeing Pi's age and bulk, did not insist. When kings who were not Emperor Daowu's descendants or of other surnames were demoted, though cut to ducal rank they still kept fief income—Pi was unhappy even with that.
39
帝南征，丕表乞少留，思更圖後舉。 會司徒馮誕薨，詔六軍反旆。 丕又以熙薨於代都，表求鑾駕親臨。 詔曰：「今洛邑肇構，跂望成勞。 開闢暨今，豈有以天子之重遠赴舅國之喪？ 朕縱欲為孝，其如大孝何！ 縱欲為義，其如大義何！ 天下至重，君臣道懸，豈宜苟相誘引，陷君不德。 令僕已下，可付法官貶之。」 又詔以丕為都督、領并州刺史。 後詔以平陽畿甸，改封新興公。
During the emperor's southern campaign Pi asked leave to stay behind awhile, intending to try again later. When Minister Feng Dan died, an edict recalled the six armies. Pi also memorialized that Feng Xi had died at Dai and begged the emperor to come in person. The edict said: "Luoyang is only now rising; the realm waits on that labor. Since the founding, when has a Son of Heaven gone far away for a maternal uncle's mourning? Even if I wished private filial piety, what of the greater filial duty to the realm? Even if I wished private righteousness, what of the greater righteousness owed the state? The empire outweighs all else; ruler and minister stand far apart—how can you coax the throne into discreditable conduct? The Director, Vice Director, and their subordinates are to be referred to the judges for censure. He was also made area commander and given Bingzhou. Later, because Pingyang lay in the metropolitan belt, he was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Xinxing.
40
初，李沖文德望所屬，既當時貴要，有杖情，遂與子超娶沖兄女，即伯尚妹也。 丕前妻子隆，同產數人，皆與別居； 後得宮人，所生同宅共產。 父子情因此偏。 丕父子大意不樂遷洛。 帝之發平城，太子恂留于舊京。 及將還洛，隆與穆泰等密謀留恂，因舉兵據陘北。 丕時以老居并州，雖不預始計，而隆、超咸以告丕。 丕外慮不成，口乃致難，心頗然之。 及帝幸平城，推穆泰等首謀，隆兄弟並是党。 丕亦隨駕至平城，每於測問，令丕坐觀。 與元業等兄弟並以謀逆，有司奏處孥戮。 詔以丕應連坐，但以先許不死之詔，躬非染逆之身，聽免死，仍為太原百姓，其後妻二子聽隨。 隆、超母弟及余庶兄弟皆徙敦煌。 丕時年垂八十，猶自平城力載隨駕至洛，留洛陽。 帝每遣左右慰勉之，乃還晉陽。
males of his household were forever freed from corvée and tax labor; Long and the other sons of Pi's first wife each kept separate households. Later palace women bore him children who lived together under one roof and shared the estate. Affection between father and sons was thereby skewed. Pi and his sons were deeply unhappy about the transfer to Luoyang. When the emperor left Pingcheng, Crown Prince Xun stayed in the old capital. On the return to Luoyang, Long and Mu Tai and others plotted to detain Xun and raised troops to seize the region north of Xiao. Pi spoke in a high, clear voice and remembered state affairs; at banquets he sat at the head and recounted past victories and defeats in a ringing voice. The emperor and empress listened with respect. Yet he flattered the powerful and despised the lowly; before Wang Rui or Fu Chengzu he bent low. Pi followed the court to Pingcheng and was made to sit by while each interrogation proceeded. The Yuan Ye brothers and the rest were charged with treason; the court proposed exterminating their kin. Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Rui proclaimed an edict granting Pi one golden seal-cord. The uterine brothers of Long and Chao and the other collateral kin were exiled to Dunhuang. The empress dowager said, "Ministers, neighbors! Neighbors, ministers! The ruler must not idle above; ministers must walk on ice below.
41
孝文崩，丕自並來赴，宣武引見之，以丕舊老，禮有加焉。 尋敕留洛陽。 後宴于華林都亭，特令二子扶侍坐起。 丕仕歷六世，垂七十年，位極公輔，而還為庶人，然猶心戀京邑，不能自絕人事。 詔以丕為三老。 景明四年，薨，年八十二。 詔贈左光祿大夫、冀州刺史，諡曰平。 長子隆，先以反誅。 隆弟乙升、超，亦同誅。 超弟俊、邕，並以軍功，俊封新安縣男，邕封涇縣男。
When Emperor Xiaowen died, Pi came from Bing to attend the funeral; Emperor Xuanwu received him and, as a survivor of the old court, showed him added respect. He was soon ordered to stay in Luoyang. Later, at a feast in the Hualin Pavilion, two sons were specially assigned to help him sit and stand. the emperor and Wenming received the ministers in the Hall of Imperial Trust; the empress dowager said, "The capital suffers drought and dearth; I wish to let the hungry poor leave the passes to seek food. Travel permits may cost days we do not have; free departure may mix honest folk with rogues. He died in Jingming year 4 at eighty-two. The court posthumously made him Left Grand Master of Splendid Service and inspector of Jizhou, with the posthumous name Ping. His eldest son Long had already been executed for rebellion. Long's brothers Yisheng and Chao were executed with him. Chao's brothers Jun and Yong both won military merit; Jun was made Baron of Xin'an and Yong Baron of Jing.
42
淮陵侯大頭，烈帝之曾孫也。 善騎射，擢為內三郎。 文成初，封淮陵。 性謹密，帝甚重之，位甯北將軍。 卒，贈高平公，諡曰烈。
Datou, Marquis of Huailing, was a great-grandson of Emperor Lie. Skilled in mounted archery, he rose to Inner Third-Rank Gentleman. At the start of Emperor Emperor Wencheng's reign he was enfeoffed at Huailing. Careful and discreet by nature, he was greatly esteemed and made General Who Pacifies the North. At death he was posthumously made Duke of Gaoping with the posthumous name Lie.
43
河間公齊，烈帝之玄孫也。 少雄傑魁岸。 太武征赫連昌。 太武馬蹶，賊逼帝。 齊以身蔽捍，決死力戰，賊乃退，帝得上馬。 是日微齊，帝幾至危殆。 帝以微服入其城，齊固諫不許，乃與數人從帝入。 城內既覺，諸門悉閉。 帝及齊等因入其宮中，得婦人裙，系之槊上。 帝乘而上，因此得拔，于齊有力焉。 賜爵浮陽侯。 從征和龍，以功拜尚書，進爵為公。 後與新興王俊討禿發保周，坐事免官爵。 宋將裴方明陷仇池，太武復授齊前將軍，與建興公古弼討之。 遂克仇池，威振羌、氐。 復賜爵河間公，與武都王楊保宗對鎮駱穀。 時保宗弟文德說保宗閉險自固，有期矣。 秦州主簿邊因知之，密告齊。 晨詣保宗，呼曰：「古弼至，欲宣詔。」 保宗出，齊叱左右扶保宗上馬，馳驛送台。 諸氐遂推文德為主，求授于宋。 宋遣將房亮之、苻昭、啖龍等率眾助文德。 齊擊斬殺龍，禽亮之，氐遂平。 以功拜內都大官。 卒，諡敬王。
Qi, Duke of Hejian, was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Lie. Yu is Our splendid younger brother—gentle, warm, clear, and decisive. Emperor Emperor Taiwu campaigned against Helian Chang. The emperor's horse stumbled and the enemy closed in on him. Qi covered him with his body, fought as if to die, the enemy fell back, and the emperor remounted. Yu answered, "The Grand Commandant should command alone; I can only assist." the emperor said, "The old have wisdom, the young decision—how can you decline?" The city soon discovered them and every gate was shut. The emperor and Qi entered the palace, took a woman's skirt, and lashed it to a spear. The emperor climbed out on it and escaped; Qi had the strength for that. He was enfeoffed Marquis of Fuyang. On the Helong campaign he was made Master of Writing for merit and raised to duke. Regional Inspector of Yanzhou Mu Ba said, "Moving the capital is great; in my foolish view it cannot yet be done." the emperor said, "Speak the reasons it cannot be done." Ba said, "North are Xianyun raiders; south Jing and Yang are unsubmitted; west Tuyuhun blocks; east Koguryo is hard. The four quarters are not pacified; the nine regions unsettled. From this I infer it cannot be done." Campaigns need war-horses; without horses nothing succeeds." the emperor said, "Your point about horses is roughly acceptable. Horses come from the north; the stud is here—why fear there will be none? Dai lies north of Mount Heng, outside the Nine Provinces; for that We move to the central plain." Ba said, "I hear the Yellow Emperor's capital was Zhuolu. So ancient sage kings did not all dwell in the central plain." For this merit he was made Grand Inner Steward. Director of the Masters of Writing Yu Guo said: [12] "I truly do not know antiquity; as the people say, the late emperor built here—to move suddenly they think cannot be done.
44
長子陵襲爵。 陵性抗直，天安初，為乙渾所害。 陵弟蘭，以忠謹見寵。 孝文初，賜爵建陽子，卒于武川鎮將。
His eldest son Ling succeeded to the title. Ling was blunt and unyielding; in Tian'an year 1 Yihun killed him. Ling's brother Lan won favor for loyalty and care. My shallow sight would never compare Heng and Dai to the beauty of Yiluo.
45
子志，字猛略，少清辯強幹，曆覽書傳，頗有文才。 為洛陽令，不避強禦，與御史中尉李彪爭路，俱入見。 面陳得失。 彪言：「御史中尉辟承華蓋，駐論道劍鼓，安有洛陽令與臣抗衡？」 志言：「神鄉縣主，普天之下，誰不編戶？ 豈有俯同眾官，趨避中尉？」 孝文曰：「洛陽，我之豐、沛，自應分路揚鑣，自今以後，可分路而行。」 及出，與彪折尺量道，各取其半。 帝謂邢巒曰：「此兒竟可，所謂王孫公子，不鏤自雕。」 巒曰：「露竹霜條，故多勁節； 非鸞則鳳，其在本枝也。」
His son Zhi, styled Menglue, was sharp in debate and forceful in action as a youth, widely read, and gifted in letters. As magistrate of Luoyang he did not yield to the powerful; he and Censor-in-Chief Li Biao clashed over precedence and both went in to audience. When I first received the command my heart was anxious. Any migration should ask the milfoil and tortoise and fix fortune or ill fortune—only then act. the emperor said to Pi, "At Ye, Dan Duke of Works, Xi Prince of Xianyang, and Li Chong all wished to divine moving to Luo. I told them that in antiquity the Duke of Zhou divined Yiluo and knew the utmost omen. Now there is no one like him; divination is useless. Outside, he and Biao measured the street with a folding rule and each took half. When Xuanyuan divined, the tortoise scorched; the diviner asked the wise; Xuanyuan asked Tian Lao, who said it was good. Yan said: "Bamboo in dew and frost has many tough joints; if it is not a luan it is a phoenix—the lineage shows in the branch."
46
員外郎馮俊，昭儀之弟，恃勢恣撾所部里正。 志令主吏收系，處刑除官。 由此忤旨，左遷太尉主簿。 俄為從事中郎。 車駕南征，帝微服觀戰所。 有箭欲犯帝，志以身鄣之，帝便得免。 矢中志目，因此一目喪明。 以志行恆州事。 宣武時，除荊州刺史。 還朝，御史中尉王顯奏志於在州日抑買良人為婢，兼乘請供朝，會赦免。 明帝初，兼廷尉卿。 後除揚州刺史，賜爵建忠伯。 志在州，威名雖減李崇，亦為荊楚所憚。 尋為雍州刺史。 晚年耽好聲伎。 在揚州日，侍側將百人，器服珍麗，冠于一時。 及在雍州，逾尚華侈，聚斂無極，聲名遂損。 及莫折念生反，詔志為西征都督討之。 念生遣其弟天生屯龍口，與志相持。 為賊所乘，遂棄大眾奔還岐州。 賊遂攻城，州刺史裴芬之疑城人與賊潛通，將盡出之，志不聽。 城人果開門引賊，钅巢志及芬之送念生，見害。 節閔初，贈尚書僕射、太保。
Feng Jun, an outer-office attendant and brother of Lady Zhaoyi, bullied the village heads in his district at will. For those who move south I will pile storehouses so they do not suffer want." This offended the throne and he was demoted to secretary under the Grand Commandant. He was soon made Attendant Gentleman. Emperor Pingwen turned his back on the realm; Emperor Zhaocheng built at Shengle; Emperor Daowu Daowu by divine martiality answered Heaven and moved to Pingcheng. The shaft struck Zhi's eye, and he lost sight in it. Yuan Zhi was ordered to govern Hengzhou. Under Xuanwu he was appointed regional inspector of Jingzhou. Back at court, Wang Xian accused Zhi of pressing commoners into servitude in the province and misusing court supplies; an amnesty spared him. When Ming took the throne he also served as Minister of Justice. He was later inspector of Yangzhou and made Baron of Jianzhong. In office his name, though below Li Chong's, still awed Jing and Chu. He was soon transferred to Yongzhou. In old age he indulged in music and entertainers. At Yangzhou a hundred servants stood by him, his gear and dress unrivaled in the day. In Yongzhou he turned to still greater luxury, extorted without end, and his name fell. When Moqi Niansheng rose, Zhi was ordered west as campaign commander against him. Niansheng posted his brother Tiansheng at Longkou to hold Zhi. Outmaneuvered, he abandoned the army and fled to Qizhou. The rebels besieged the city. Prefect Pei Fen thought the people were colluding and meant to expel them all; Zhi refused. The people opened the gates to the rebels. Zhi and Fen were handed to Niansheng and slain. Under Jiemin he was posthumously Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Grand Guardian.
47
扶風公處真，烈帝之後也。 少以壯烈聞，位殿中尚書，賜爵扶風公，委以大政，甚見尊禮。 吐京胡曹僕渾等叛，招引朔方胡為援，處真與高涼王那等討滅之。 性貪婪，在軍烈暴，坐事伏法。
Duke of Fufeng Chuzhen descended from Emperor Lie. Young, he was famed for courage; made Palace Director and Duke of Fufeng, he was trusted with weighty affairs and shown deep respect. When Tujing Hu Caopuhun rebelled and drew Shuofang Hu to his side, Chuzhen and Prince Na of Gaoliang crushed them. Greedy and savage in camp, he was put to death for his offenses.
48
文安公泥，魏之疏族也。 性忠直，有智畫。 道武厚遇之，賜爵文安公，拜安東將軍。 卒。 子屈襲爵。 明元時，居門下，出納詔命。 性明敏，善奏事，每合上旨。 賜爵元城侯，加功勞將軍。 與南平公長孫嵩、白馬侯崔密等並決獄訟。 明元東巡，命屈行右丞相，山陽侯奚斤行左丞相，命掌軍國，甚有聲譽。 後吐京胡與離石胡出以兵等叛，置立將校，外引赫連屈丐。 屈督會稽劉潔、永安侯魏勤捍之。 勤沒於陣，潔墜馬，胡執送屈丐，唯屈眾猶存。 明元以屈沒失二將，欲斬之。 時并州刺史元六頭荒淫怠事，乃赦屈，令攝州事。 屈嗜酒，頗廢政事。 帝積其前後失，檻車征還，斬於市。
Duke of Wen'an Ni was of the Wei imperial clan at a remove. He was loyal, direct, and shrewd in counsel. Daowu favored him, made him Duke of Wen'an, and General Who Pacifies the East. He died. His son Qu succeeded to the title. Under Mingyuan he worked at the gate, carrying edicts in and out. Sharp and skilled at memorials, he always matched the throne's mind. He was made Marquis of Yuancheng and Merit General. He sat with Changsun Song, Duke of Nanping, Cui Mi, Marquis of Baima, and others on legal cases. On Mingyuan's eastern tour Qu served as right chancellor and Xi Jin of Shanyang as left, governing army and realm with high repute. Later Tujing and Lishi Hu rebelled, raised commanders, and sought Helian Qubing from outside. Qu directed Liu Jie of Kuaiji and Wei Qin, Marquis of Yong'an, to hold them. Qin died in the fight; Jie fell and was taken to Qubing—only Qu's troops were left. Mingyuan, angry that Qu had lost two commanders, would have killed him. Bingzhou inspector Yuan Liutou was lewd and slack; the emperor spared Qu and set him to govern the province. Qu drank heavily and let affairs slide. Counting old and new failures, the court brought him back in a prison cart and beheaded him publicly.
49
子磨渾，少為明元所知。 元紹之逆也，明元潛隱於外，磨渾與叔孫詐云明元所在。 紹使帳下二人隨磨渾往，規為逆。 磨渾既得出，便縛帳下，詣明元斬之。 帝得磨渾，大喜，因為羽翼。 以勳，賜爵長沙公，拜尚書，出為定州刺史。 卒。
His son Mohun had been known to Mingyuan since youth. In Yuan Shao's revolt Mingyuan hid abroad; Mohun and Uncle Sun lied about his whereabouts. Shao sent two tent guards with Mohun, plotting harm. Free, Mohun tied the guards and presented them; Mingyuan had them killed. The emperor rejoiced at Mohun and kept him close. For service he became Duke of Changsha and Director of the Masters of Writing, then inspector of Dingzhou. He died.
50
昭成皇帝九子：庶長曰寔君，次曰獻明帝，次曰秦王翰，次曰閼婆，次曰壽鳩，次曰紇根，次曰地幹，次曰力真，次曰窟咄。
Zhaocheng had nine sons: the eldest concubine-born was Prince Shi; then Xianming; then Qin Prince Han; Kebos; Shoujiu; Hegun; Digan; Lizhen; Kuzhu.
51
寔君性愚，多不仁。 昭成季年，苻堅遣其行唐公苻洛等來寇南境，昭成遣劉庫仁逆戰于石子嶺。 昭成時不勝，不能親勒眾軍，乃率諸部避難陰山，度漠北。 高車四面寇抄，復度漠南。 苻洛軍退，乃還雲中。
Shi was stupid and often merciless. Late in Zhaocheng's reign Fu Jian sent Fu Luo of Xingtang against the south; Zhaocheng sent Liu Kuren to Shiziling. Unable to prevail or command in person, he took the tribes to the Yin range and crossed the northern sands. Gaoche harried them from every side; he crossed south again. When Fu Luo retreated, he came back to Yunzhong.
52
初，昭成以弟孤讓國，乃以半部授孤。 孤子斤失職懷怨，欲伺隙為亂。 獻明皇帝及秦明王翰皆先終，道武年甫五歲，慕容後子閼婆等雖長，而國統未定。 斤因是說實君曰：「帝將立慕容所生，欲先殺汝，是以頃來諸子戎服，夜以兵仗繞廬舍，伺便將發。」 時苻洛等軍猶在君子津，夜常警備，諸皇子挾仗彷徨廬舍，寔君以斤言為信，乃盡殺諸皇子，昭成亦暴崩。 其夜，諸皇子婦及宮人奔告洛軍。 堅將李柔、張蠔勒兵內逼，部眾離散。 苻堅聞之，召燕鳳問其故，以狀對。 堅曰：「天下之惡一也！」 乃執寔君及斤，轘之長安。
Zhaocheng had once had his brother Gu yield the state and gave Gu half the people. Gu's son Jin, displaced and bitter, waited to make trouble. Xianming and Qin Ming Prince Han were dead; Daowu was five; Murong-born Kebos and others were older, but the heir was unsettled. Jin told Shi: "The throne will raise Murong's son and kill you first—that is why the princes go armed and soldiers ring the tents at night. Fu Luo was still at Junzi Ford; guards were tight; princes paced armed about the camp. Shi trusted Jin and slaughtered the princes; Zhaocheng died the same night. That night wives and palace women ran to Fu Luo's camp. Li Rou and Zhang Ao drove inward; the tribes broke apart. Fu Jian called Yan Feng and asked why; he told the truth. Fu Jian said: "There is only one kind of evil under heaven! He took Shi and Jin and executed them by cart at Chang'an.
53
寔君孫勿期，位定州刺史，賜爵林慮侯。 卒。 子六狀，真定侯。
Shi's grandson Wuqi was inspector of Dingzhou, Marquis of Linyu. He died. His son Liuzhuang, Marquis of Zhending.
54
秦王翰，少有高氣。 年十五，便請征伐。 昭成壯之，使領騎二千。 長統兵，號令嚴信，多有克捷。 建國十五年，卒。 道武即位，追贈秦王，諡曰明。 子儀，長七尺五寸，容貌甚偉，美髯，有算略。 少能舞劍，騎射絕人。 道武幸賀蘭部，侍從出入。 登國初，賜爵九原公。 從破諸部，有謀戰功。 及帝將圖慕容垂，遣儀觀釁。 垂問儀道武不自來之意。 儀曰：「先人以來，世據北土，子孫相承，不失其舊。 乃祖受晉正朔，爵稱代王，東與燕世為兄弟。 儀之奉命。 理謂非失。」 垂壯其對，因戲曰：「吾威加四海，卿主不自見吾，云何非失？」 儀曰：「燕若不修文德，欲以兵威自強，此乃本朝將帥之事，非儀所知也。」 及還，報曰：「垂死乃可圖，今則未可。」 帝作色問之，儀曰：「垂年已暮，其子寶弱而無威，謀不能決。 慕容德自負才氣，非弱主之臣，釁將內起，是可計之。」 帝以為然。 後改封平原公。
Qin Prince Han was proud-spirited even young. At fifteen he begged to fight. Zhaocheng was pleased and gave him two thousand cavalry. He led armies long; discipline was firm and victories many. He died in the fifteenth year of Jianguo. Daowu posthumously made him Qin Prince with the name Ming. His son Yi stood seven feet five, imposing, bearded, and calculating. As a youth he danced the sword; in horse and bow none matched him. When Daowu visited the Helan, Yi went in and out at his side. At Dengguo's opening he was made Duke of Jiuyuan. He helped break the tribes with counsel and arms. Daowu meant to strike Murong Chui and sent Yi to test him. Chui asked why Daowu did not come in person. Yi said: "Our line has held the north for generations and kept the old ways. Our forefather took Jin's seal as Prince of Dai; with Yan we were brothers by generation. I come on orders. By right there is no fault. Chui praised the answer and jested: "My power fills the seas—your master will not meet me; how is that no fault?" Yi said: "If Yan neglects civil virtue and trusts only force, that is for our generals—not for me to say." Back, he said: "Chui may be struck only when he is dying—not yet." Daowu frowned; Yi said: "Chui is old; Bao is weak; his advisers cannot choose. Murong De is proud and will not bow to a weak son; trouble will come inside—then plan." The emperor agreed. He was later made Duke of Pingyuan.
55
道武征衛辰，儀出別道，獲衛辰屍，傳首行宮。 帝大喜，徙封東平公。 命督屯田于河北，自五原至棝陽塞外，分農稼，大得人心。 慕容寶之寇五原，儀躡據朔方，要其還路。 及并州平，儀功多，遷尚書令。 從圍中山。 慕容德敗也，帝以普驎妻周氏賜儀，並其僮僕財物。 尋遷都督中外諸軍事、左丞相，進封衛王。 中山平，復遣儀討鄴，平之。 道武將還代都，置中山行台，詔儀守尚書令以鎮之，遠近懷附。 尋征儀以丞相入輔。 又從征高車，儀別從西北破其別部。 又從討姚平有功，賜以絹布綿牛馬羊等。
In the campaign against Wei Chen, Yi took another road, took Chen's body, and sent the head to camp. Daowu rejoiced and made him Duke of Dongping. He oversaw frontier farming from Wuyuan to Zuo-yang, sharing the harvest, and won the people. When Bao struck Wuyuan, Yi held Shuofang and cut his retreat. When Bingzhou fell, Yi's service was great and he became Director of the Masters of Writing. He joined the siege of Zhongshan. When De was beaten, the emperor gave Yi Lady Zhou of Pulin and her household and goods. Soon he was commander of all armies, left chancellor, and Prince of Wei. Zhongshan taken, he was sent to Ye and pacified it. Daowu returned to Dai, left a Zhongshan office, and set Yi as director to hold it; the region submitted. Soon he was recalled as chancellor. He followed again against the Gaoche; Yi broke a wing from the northwest. He followed the strike on Yao Ping with merit and was given silk, herds, and goods.
56
儀膂力過人，弓力將十石，陳留公虔槊大稱異。 時人云：「衛王弓，桓王槊。」 太武初育也，道武喜，夜召儀入，曰：「卿聞夜喚，乃不怪懼乎？」 儀曰：「怪則有之，懼實無也。」 帝告乙太武生，賜儀御馬、禦帶、縑錦等。
Yi's strength was unmatched; his bow drew near ten piculs; Qian of Chenliu marveled at his spear. Men said: "Wei Prince's bow, Huan Prince's spear. Taiwu's birth pleased Daowu; he summoned Yi at night: "Called at night—are you afraid?" Yi said: "I wonder, but I do not fear." Daowu told him of Taiwu's birth and gave him imperial horses, belt, and silks.
57
先是，上谷侯岌、張袞、代郡許謙等有名于時，初來入軍。 聞儀待士，先就儀，儀並禮之，共談當世之務。 謙等三人曰：「平原公有大才，不世之略，吾等宜附其尾。」 道武以儀器望，待之尤重，數幸其弟，如家人禮。 儀矜功恃寵，遂與宜都公穆崇伏甲謀亂。 崇子逐留在伏士中，道武召之，將有所使。 逐留聞召，恐發，逾牆告狀，帝秘而恕之。 天賜六年，天文多變，占者云：「當有逆臣，伏屍流血。」 帝惡之，頗殺公卿，欲以厭當天災。 儀內不自安，單騎遁走。 帝使人追執之，遂賜死，葬以百姓禮。
Ji of Shanggu, Zhang Gun, Xu Qian of Dai, and others were famed when they first joined the army. Hearing Yi honored talent, they sought him first; he welcomed them and talked of the times. The three said: "Pingyuan has great gifts and rare design—we should follow him. Daowu valued Yi's stature, favored him deeply, and visited his home like kin. Proud of merit and grace, Yi with Mu Chong of Yidu hid armed men to rebel. Chong's son Zhuliu lay among them; Daowu called him to assign a task. Zhuliu, afraid, went over the wall and told; the emperor hid the matter and pardoned him. In Tiansi year six the sky was strange; diviners said a traitor would die in blood. Daowu loathed the omen and killed many lords to satisfy heaven. Uneasy, Yi fled alone on horseback. Men seized him; he was ordered to die and buried as a commoner.
58
儀十五子。 纂，五歲，道武命養于宮中，恩與諸皇子同。 太武陵阼，除定州刺史，封中山公，進爵為王，賜步挽幾以優異之。 纂好酒愛佞，政以賄成。 太武殺其親嬖人。 後悔過修謹，拜內大將軍。 居官清約簡慎，更稱廉平。 纂于宗屬最長，宗室有事，咸就諮焉。 薨，諡曰簡。
Yi had fifteen sons. Zuan, five, was raised in the palace like an imperial son. Taiwu made him inspector of Dingzhou, Duke of Zhongshan, then prince, with a hand-drawn carriage as favor. Zuan drank and loved sycophants; office went to the highest bidder. Taiwu executed his favorites. Repenting, he grew careful and became grand general of the inner palace. In office he was spare and cautious and was called honest again. Eldest of the line, the clan sought him on family matters. He died; posthumous name Jian.
59
纂弟良，性忠篤。 明元追錄儀功，封南陽王以紹儀後。
His brother Liang was loyal by nature. Mingyuan honored Yi's service and made Liang Prince of Nanyang to continue the line.
60
子禎，膽氣過人。 太武時，為司衛監。 從征蠕蠕，忽遇賊別部，多少不敵。 禎乃就山解鞍放馬，以示有伏，賊果疑而避之。 孝文初，賜爵沛郡公，後拜南豫州刺史。 大胡山蠻時鈔掠，前後守牧多羈縻而已。 禎乃召新蔡、襄城蠻首，使之觀射。 先選左右能射者二十餘人，禎自發數箭皆中，然後命左右以次而射。 先出一囚犯死罪者，使參射限，命不中，禎即責而斬之。 蠻魁等伏伎畏威，相視股忄栗。 又預教左右取死囚十人，皆著蠻衣，雲是鈔賊。 禎乃臨坐，偽舉目瞻天，微有風動，禎謂蠻曰：「風氣少暴，似有鈔賊入境，不過十人，當在西南五十里許。」 即命騎追掩，果縛送十人。 禎告諸蠻曰：「爾鄉里作賊如此，合死以不？」 蠻等皆叩頭曰：「合萬死。」 禎即斬之。」 因慰喻遣還，自是境無暴掠。 淮南人相率投附者三千餘家，置之城東汝水之側，名曰歸義坊。 初，豫州城豪胡丘生數與外交通，及禎為刺史，丘生嘗有犯懷恨，圖為不軌，詐以婚進城人，告云：「刺史欲遷城中大家，送之向代。」 共謀翻城。 城人石道起以事密告禎，速掩丘生，並諸預謀者。 禎曰：「吾不負人，人何以叛？ 但丘生誑誤。 若即收掩，眾必大懼，吾靜以待之，不久自當悔服。」 語未訖而城中三百人自縛詣州門，陳丘生譎誑之罪。 而丘生單騎逃走，禎恕而不問。 後徵為都牧尚書。 卒。 贈侍中、儀同三司，諡簡公。 有八子。
His son Zhen had uncommon daring. Under Taiwu he was director of palace guards. Against the Rouran he met a sudden enemy detachment too large to fight. He loosed horses on a hill as if ambushed; the enemy feared and left. Early in Xiaowen's reign he was Duke of Pei, later inspector of Southern Yu. Dahu Mountain Hu raided; earlier governors had only held them loosely. Zhen called chiefs of Xincai and Xiangcheng to watch shooting. He picked twenty good archers; shot himself and hit, then had his men shoot in turn. A condemned man was made to shoot; told to miss, Zhen beheaded him on the spot. Chiefs trembled and submitted in awe. He dressed ten condemned men as Hu raiders. Feigning to read the sky he said: "Wind rises—perhaps ten raiders fifty li southwest. Horsemen seized them; ten were bound and brought. He said: "Thieves like this in your hills—should they not die? They kowtowed: "They deserve ten thousand deaths." He beheaded them immediately. He soothed them and sent them home; raids ceased. Three thousand Huainan households submitted and were settled east of the Ru in Guiyi quarter. Magnate Hu Qiusheng had trafficked with outsiders; offended by Zhen, he plotted, entered under a wedding pretext, and said the inspector would send the city's great houses to Dai. They plotted to rebel and seize the city. Shi Daoqi reported secretly; Zhen seized Qiusheng and the plotters. Zhen said: "I have not failed them—why would they rebel? Only Qiusheng lied. A sudden arrest would panic them; I will wait—they will repent. Before he finished, three hundred bound themselves at the gate and accused Qiusheng. Qiusheng fled alone; Zhen let him go. He was later recalled as Director of Pasturage. He died. Posthumously Palace Attendant, equal to the Three Excellencies; posthumous name Jian. He had eight sons.
61
第五子瑞。 初，瑞母尹氏有娠致傷，後晝寢，夢一老翁具衣冠告之曰：「吾賜汝一子，汝勿憂也。」 寤而私喜，又問筮者，筮者曰：「大吉。」 未幾而生瑞。 禎以為協夢，故名瑞，字天賜。 位太中大夫。 卒，贈太常卿。
The fifth son was Rui. Rui's mother Lady Yin, injured while pregnant, later dreamed an old man in robes said: "I grant you a son—do not worry. Waking, she rejoiced; diviners said: "Great fortune." Soon Rui was born. Zhen took it for the dream and named him Rui, style Tiansi. He reached Grand Master for the Palace. He died; posthumously Minister of Ceremonies.
62
儀弟烈，剛武有智略。 元紹之逆，百僚莫敢有聲，唯烈行出外，詐附紹，募執明元，紹信之，自延秋門出。 遂迎立明元。 以功進爵陰平王。 薨，諡曰熹。 子求襲。 弟道子，位下大夫。 道子子洛，位羽林幢將。 洛子乞，中散大夫。 乞子晏，孝靜初，累遷吏部尚書，平心不撓，時論稱之。 出為瀛州刺史，在任未幾，百姓欣賴。 蔣天樂之逆，見引，詔錄送定州賜死。 晏好集圖籍，家書多秘閣，諸有假借，咸不逆其意，亦以此見稱。
Yi's brother Lie was fierce and clever. In Shao's revolt officials were silent; Lie went out, feigned loyalty to Shao, offered to seize Mingyuan; Shao trusted him and he left by Yanchun Gate. He brought Mingyuan to the throne. For merit he was made Prince of Yinping. He died; posthumous name Xi. His son Qiu succeeded. Younger brother Daozi was junior grandee. Daozi's son Luo was colonel of the feathered forest. Luo's son Qi was attendant censor. Qi's son Yan, early in Xiaojing, rose to Director of the Masters of Writing, fair and firm, praised in his day. Made inspector of Yingzhou; the people soon trusted him. Implicated in Jiang Tianle's revolt, he was sent to Dingzhou and ordered to die. Yan collected books; his house held secretariat texts; he lent freely and was praised for it.
63
烈弟觚，勇烈有膽氣。 少與兄儀從道武，侍衛左右。 使于慕容垂，垂末年政在群下，遂止觚以求賂，道武絕之。 觚率左右馳還，為垂子寶所執，垂待之更厚，因留心學業，誦讀經書數十萬言，垂國人咸稱重之。 道武之討中山，慕容普驎遂害觚以固眾心。 帝聞之哀慟。 及平中山，發普驎塚，斬其屍，收議害觚者傅高霸、程同等，皆夷五族，以大刃剉殺之。 乃葬觚，追諡秦湣王，封子夔為豫章王以紹觚。
Lie's brother Gu was bold and spirited. Young, he and Yi guarded Daowu. Sent to Murong Chui; late in Chui's reign they held Gu for ransom; Daowu cut ties. Gu fled; Bao seized him; Chui treated him well; he studied classics by the hundred thousand words and was respected in Yan. When Daowu attacked Zhongshan, Pulin killed Gu to bind the people. Daowu mourned deeply. Zhongshan fell; he opened Pulin's tomb and cut the corpse; seized Fu Gaoba, Cheng Tong, and others who had harmed Gu, exterminated five degrees, and killed them with great blades. He buried Gu as Qin Prince Min and made son Kui Prince of Yuzhang to continue him.
64
常山王遵，壽鳩之子也。 少而壯勇，不拘小節。 道武初，有佐命勳，賜爵略陽公。 慕容寶之敗也，別率騎七百，邀其歸路，由是有參合之捷。 及平中山，拜尚書左僕射，加侍中，領勃海之合口。 及博陵、勃海群盜起，遵討平之，遷州牧，封常山王。 遵好酒色。 天賜四年，坐醉亂，失禮于太原公主。 賜死，葬以百姓禮。
Changshan Prince Zun was Shoujiu's son. Young, he was fierce and scorned small rules. At Daowu's rise he had founding merit and was Duke of Lueyang. When Bao was beaten he led seven hundred horse, blocked the retreat, and won Canhe. Zhongshan pacified, he was left vice director, palace attendant, and held Bohai's mouth. Bandits rose in Boling and Bohai; Zun pacified them, became inspector, and Prince of Changshan. Zun loved wine and women. In Tiansi year four, drunk, he insulted the Princess of Taiyuan. He was ordered to die and buried as a commoner.
65
子素，明元從母所生，特見親寵。 太武初，復襲爵。 休屠郁原等叛，素討之，斬渠率，徙千餘家于涿鹿之陽，立平原郡以處之。 及平統萬，以素有威懷之略，拜假節、征西大將軍以鎮之。 後拜內都大官。 文成即位，務崇寬政，罷諸雜調。 有司奏國用不足，固請復之，唯素曰：「臣聞百姓不足，君孰與足？」 帝善而從之。 素，宗屬之懿，又年老，帝每引入，訪以政事，固辭疾歸第。 雅性方正，居官五十載，終始若一，時論賢之。 薨，諡曰康，陪葬金陵，配饗廟廷。
His son Su was born to Mingyuan's nurse and was specially loved. Under Taiwu he inherited again. When Xiutu and Yuyuan rebelled, Su beheaded the chief and moved a thousand households north of Zhuolu, founding Pingyuan commandery. Tongwan pacified, for his awe and winning ways he was acting commander and grand general conquering the west. He was later grand officer of the inner court. Wencheng pursued leniency and ended mixed levies. Offices said revenue was short and begged to restore levies; only Su said: "If the people lack, how can the ruler have plenty? The emperor agreed and followed him. Su was a leading kinsman and old; the emperor often consulted him, but he pleaded illness and went home. Upright, he held office fifty years unchanged; men called him worthy. He died; posthumous name Kang; buried at Jinling; honored in the ancestral hall.
66
長子可悉陵，年十七，從太武獵，逐一猛獸，陵遂空手搏之以獻。 帝曰：「汝才力絕人，當為國立功立事，勿如此也！」 即拜內行阿幹。 又從平涼州，沮渠茂虔令一驍將與陵相擊，兩槊皆折，陵抽箭射之墜馬。 陵恐其救至，未及拔劍，以刀子戾其勁，使身首異處。 帝壯之，即日拜都幢將，封暨陽子。 卒於中軍都將。
Eldest son Kesiling, seventeen, on a hunt chased a fierce beast and wrestled it barehanded for the emperor. The emperor said: "Your strength is rare—serve the state with merit; do not do this again! He was made inner captain Aghan. Pacifying Liangzhou, Maoxian sent a fierce general; both spears broke; Kesiling shot him from the horse. Fearing reinforcements, he used a knife on the neck and severed head from body. The emperor admired him, made him colonel of the imperial garrison that day, and Marquis of Jiyang. He died as commander of the central army.
67
弟陪斤襲爵，坐事國除。 陪斤子昭，小字阿倪，尚書張彝引兼殿中郎。 孝文將為齊郡王蘭舉哀，而昭乃作宮懸。 帝大，詔曰：「阿倪愚騃，誰引為郎？」 於是黜彝白衣守尚書，昭遂停廢。 宣武時，昭從弟暉親寵用事，稍遷左丞。 宣武崩，於忠執政，昭為黃門郎，又曲事之。 忠專權擅威，枉陷忠賢，多昭所指導也。 靈太后臨朝，為尚書、河南尹，聾而狠戾，理務峭急，所在患之。 尋出為雍州刺史，在州貪虐，大為人害。 後入為尚書，諂事劉騰。 進號征西將軍。 卒，贈尚書左僕射。 納貨元叉，所以贈禮優越。
Younger brother Peijin inherited; for a crime the fief was abolished. Peijin's son Zhao, called Ani, was made palace gentleman by Zhang Yi. Xiaowen would mourn Prince Lan of Qi, but Zhao wrote palace music. The emperor raged: "Ani is a fool—who made him gentleman? Yi was demoted to commoner guarding the secretariat; Zhao was dismissed. Under Xuanwu, cousin Hui rose in favor and Zhao became left vice director. Xuanwu died; Yu Zhong ruled; Zhao was yellow gate gentleman and flattered him. Zhong seized power and ruined the loyal, often at Zhao's prompting. Under Empress Ling he was director and Henan intendant—deaf, cruel, and harsh; all suffered where he ruled. Soon inspector of Yongzhou; greedy and brutal, he harmed the people. He returned as director and fawned on Liu Teng. He was made General Who Conquers the West. He died; posthumously vice director of the Masters of Writing. He bribed Yuan Cha, so his posthumous honors were lavish.
68
昭弟紹，字醜倫，少聰慧。 遷尚書右丞。 紹斷決不避強禦。 宣武詔令檢趙修獄，以修佞幸，因此遂加杖罰，令其致死。 帝責紹不重聞，紹曰：「修奸佞甚于董賢，臣若不因釁除之，恐陛下復被哀帝之名。」 以其言正，遂不罪焉。 及出，廣平王懷拜紹，賀曰：「阿翁乃皇家之正直，雖硃雲、汲黯何以仰過！」 紹曰：「但恨戮之稍晚，以為愧耳。」 卒于涼州刺史。
Zhao's brother Shao, style Choulun, was clever young. He became right vice director. Shao judged cases without fearing the mighty. Xuanwu had him review Zhao Xiu's case; Xiu was a favorite, so Shao beat him to death. The emperor blamed him for not reporting; Shao said: "Xiu outdid Dong Xian; if I did not kill him when I could, you might share Emperor Ai's shame. His words were just; he was not punished. Leaving, Prince Huai of Guangping bowed: "You are the house's integrity—Zhu Yun and Ji An cannot match you! Shao said: "I only regret I killed him late—that shames me. He died as inspector of Liangzhou.
69
陪斤弟忠，字仙德，以忠謹聞。 孝文時，累遷右僕射，賜爵城陽公，加侍中、鎮西將軍，有翼贊之勤，百寮咸敬之。 太和四年，病篤辭退」養疾于高柳，輿駕親送都門之外，群寮侍臣執別者莫不涕泣。 及卒，皆悼惜之。 諡曰宣，命有司為立碑銘。
Peijin's brother Zhong, style Xiande, was famed for loyalty. Under Xiaowen he rose to right vice director, Duke of Chengyang, palace attendant, and general guarding the west; all offices respected his aid. Taihe year four, mortally ill, he retired to Gaoliu; the emperor escorted him beyond the gate; ministers wept at parting. At his death all mourned. Posthumous name Xuan; the offices were ordered to set up a stele.
70
子盛，字始興，襲爵，位謁者僕射。 卒。 子懋，字伯邕，襲爵，降為侯。 從駕入關，封北平王。 薨，贈尚書左僕射，諡曰貞慧。 子陟，字景升，開府儀同三司。
Son Sheng, style Shixing, inherited; supervisor of the imperial clan. He died. Son Mao, style Boyong, inherited, reduced to marquis. He followed the emperor west and was Prince of Beiping. He died; posthumously vice director; posthumous name Zhenhui. Son Zhi, style Jingsheng, opening ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies.
71
弟順，字敬叔，從孝武入關，封濮陽王，位侍中。 及武帝崩，秘未發喪，諸人多舉廣平王為嗣。 順於別室垂涕謂周文曰：「廣平雖親，年德並茂，不宜居大寶。」 周文深然之，因宣國諱，上南陽王尊號。 以順為中尉，行雍州事，又加開府儀同三司、秦州刺史。 順善射。 初，孝武在洛，于華林園戲射，以銀酒卮容二升許，懸于百步外，命善射者十餘人共射，中者即以賜之。 順發矢即中，帝大悅，並賞金帛。 順仍于箭孔處鑄一銀童，足蹈金蓮，手持剷炙，遂勒背上，序其射工。
Brother Shun, style Jingshu, followed Xiaowu west, Prince of Puyang, palace attendant. When Wu died mourning was secret; many favored Prince of Guangping as heir. Shun wept aside to Zhou Wen: "Guangping is kin, but age and virtue both weigh on him—not for the throne. Zhou Wen agreed, proclaimed mourning, and raised Prince of Nanyang. Shun became commandant of justice, acting for Yongzhou, with opening ceremony rank and Qinzhou. Shun was a fine archer. At Luoyang in Hualin Garden a silver cup of two sheng hung a hundred paces; ten archers shot; the hit won it. Shun's arrow struck; the emperor rejoiced and gave gold and silk. He cast a silver boy on the arrow hole, on a golden lotus with skewered meat, and inscribed his skill on the back.
72
子偉，字子猷，有清才。 大統十六年，封南安郡王。 及尉遲迥伐蜀，以偉為司錄，書檄文言，皆偉所為。 六官建，拜師氏下大夫，改淮南縣公。 周明帝初，拜師氏中大夫，受詔於騏麟殿刊正經籍。 建德中，累遷小司寇，為使主，報聘于齊。 是秋，武帝親戎東討，偉遂為齊所留。 齊平，偉方見釋，加授上開府。 後除襄州刺史，位大將軍。 偉性溫柔，好虛靜，篤學愛文。 初自鄴還，庾信贈其詩曰：「梁亡垂棘反，齊平寶鼎歸。」 為辭人所重如此。 後疾卒。
Son Wei, style Ziyou, had clear talent. Datong year sixteen he was Prince of Nan'an. When Jiong attacked Shu, Wei was recorder; his was the prose of dispatches. Six Offices built, he was junior master of the clan, then Duke of Huainan. Ming of Zhou made him senior master and ordered classics collated in Qilin Hall. Under Jiande he rose to junior minister of justice, envoy chief, and was sent to Qi. That autumn the emperor campaigned east; Qi detained Wei. Qi fell; Wei was freed and given senior opening ceremony. Later inspector of Xiangzhou, grand general. Wei was gentle, loved quiet, studied, and loved letters. Returning from Ye, Yu Xin wrote: "Liang fell, the hanging jade returned; Qi pacified, the precious tripod came home. Writers valued him so. He later died of illness.
73
盛弟壽興，少聰慧好學。 宣武初，為徐州刺史。 在官貪虐，失于人心。 其從兄侍中暉深害其能，因譖之於帝，詔尚書崔亮馳驛檢核。 亮發日，受暉旨，遂鞭撻三寡婦，令其自誣，稱壽興壓己為婢。 壽興終恐不免，乃令其外弟中兵參軍薛修義將車十乘，運小麥，經其禁之旁。 壽興因逾牆出，修義以大木函盛壽興，其上加麥，載之而出，遂至河東，匿修義家。 逢赦乃出，見帝，自陳為暉所譖，帝亦更無所責。 初，壽興為中庶子時，王顯在東宮。 賤，因公事，壽興杖之四十。 及顯有寵，為御史中尉，奏壽興在家每有怨言，誹謗朝廷。 因帝極飲，無所覺悟，遂奏其事，命帝注可，直付壽興賜死。 帝書半不成字，當時見者亦知非本心，但懼暉等威，不敢申拔。 及行刑日，顯自往看之。 壽興命筆自作墓誌銘曰：「洛陽男子，姓元名景，有道無時，其年不永。」 余文多不載。 顧謂其子曰：「我棺中可著百張紙，筆兩枚，吾欲訟顯於地下。 若高祖之靈有知，百日內必取顯。 如遂無知，亦何足戀！」 及宣武崩，顯尋被殺。 壽興之死，時論亦以為前任中尉彈高闕讒諷所致。 靈太后臨朝，三公郎中崔鴻上疏理壽興，詔書追雪，贈豫州刺史，諡曰莊。
Sheng's brother Shouxing was clever and studious young. Early Xuanwu he was inspector of Xuzhou. Greedy and brutal in office, he lost the people. Cousin Hui, palace attendant, envied him and slandered him; Cui Liang was sent to investigate. Liang took Hui's word, flogged three widows, and made them say Shouxing enslaved them. Fearing doom, he had brother-in-law Xue Xiuyi move ten carts of wheat past his guard. He climbed out; Xiuyi boxed him under wheat and carried him to Hedong, hiding him at home. After amnesty he came before the throne and said Hui had slandered him; the emperor did not punish. Earlier, as junior mentor, Wang Xian was in the eastern palace. Low in rank, Shouxing had flogged him forty for public business. When Xian was censor-in-chief he said Shouxing slandered the court at home. The emperor was drunk and unaware; Xian memorialized; the emperor scrawled approval and Shouxing was ordered to die. The note was half illegible; onlookers knew it was not his will but feared Hui. On execution day Xian came to watch. Shouxing wrote his epitaph: "A Luoyang man, Yuan Jing by name, had the Way but not the time, his years short. The rest is mostly lost. He told his sons: "Put paper and brushes in my coffin—I will sue Xian below. If Gaozu's spirit knows, Xian will die within a hundred days. If spirits know nothing, why cling! When Xuanwu died Xian was soon killed. The age also linked his death to the former censor's attack on Gao Que. Empress Ling's court: Cui Hong cleared him; posthumously inspector of Yu, posthumous name Zhuang.
74
子最，字幹，從孝武入關，封樂平王，位侍中，兼尚書左僕射，加特進。
Son Zui, style Gan, followed Xiaowu west, Prince of Leping, palace attendant, left vice director, special advancement.
75
壽興弟益生，少亡。
Brother Yisheng died young.
76
忠弟德，封河間公，卒于鎮南將軍，贈曹州刺史。 德子悝，潁川太守，卒于光州刺史，諡曰恭。
Zhong's brother De was Duke of Hejian, died guarding the south, posthumously inspector of Cao. De's son Ti was inspector of Yingchuan, died inspector of Guang, posthumous name Gong.
77
悝弟暉，字景襲。 少沉敏，頗涉文史。 宣武即位，為給事黃門侍郎。 初，孝文遷洛，舊貴皆難移，時欲和眾情，遂許冬則居南，夏便居北。 宣武頗惑左右之言，外人遂有還北之問。 至乃榜賣田宅，不安其居。 暉乃請間言事，具奏所聞，曰：「先皇移都，以百姓戀土，故發冬夏二居之詔，權寧物意耳。 乃是當時之言，實非先皇深意。 且比來遷人，安居歲久，公私計立，無復還情。 伏願陛下終高祖既定之業，勿信邪臣不然之說。」 帝納之。 再遷侍中，領右衛將軍。 雖無補益，深被親寵。 凡在禁中要密之事，暉別奉旨，藏之於櫃。 唯暉入乃開，其餘侍中、黃門莫有知者。 侍中盧昶亦蒙恩眄，故時人號曰「餓彪將軍，饑鷹侍中。」 遷吏部尚書。 納貨用官，皆有定價，大郡二千匹，次郡一千匹，下郡五百匹，其餘官職各有差，天下號曰市曹。 出為冀州刺史。 下州之日，連車載物，發信都至湯陰間，首尾相屬，道路不斷。 其車少脂角，即於道上所逢之牛，生截取角，以充其用。 暉檢括丁戶，聽其歸首，出調絹五萬匹。 然聚斂無極，百姓患之。 明帝初，徵拜尚書左僕射，詔攝吏部選事。 後昭暉與任城王澄、京兆王愉、東平王匡共決門下大事。 暉又上書論政要：其一曰：御史之職，務使得賢。 必得其人，不拘階秩，久於其事，責其成功。 其二曰：安人甯邊，觀時而動。 頃來邊將亡遠大之略，貪萬一之功，楚、梁之好未聞，而蠶婦之怨屢結，斯乃庸人所為，銳於奸利之所致也。 平吳之計，自有良圖，不在於一城一戍也。 又河北數州，國之基本； 饑荒多年，戶口流散。 方今境上，兵復徵發，即如此日，何易舉動？ 愚謂數年以來，唯宜靜邊，以息召役，安人勸農，惠此中夏。 請嚴敕邊將，自今在戍賊求內附者，不聽輒遣援接，皆須表聞。 違者雖有功，請以違詔書論。 三曰：國之資儲，唯籍河北。 饑饉積年，戶口逃散，生長奸詐，因生隱藏。 出縮老小，妄注死失，收人租調，割入於己。 人困於下，官損於上。 自非更立權制，善加檢括，損耗之來，方在未已。 請求其議，明宣條格。 帝納之。 暉雅好文學，招集儒士崔鴻等撰錄百家要事，以類相從，名為《科錄》，凡二百七十卷，上起伏羲，迄于晉，凡十四代。 暉疾篤，表上之。 卒，賜東園秘器，贈使持節、都督中外諸軍事、司空公，諡曰文憲。 將葬，給羽葆班劍鼓吹二十人，羽林百二十人。
Ti's brother Hui, style Jingxi. Young he was deep, keen, and read letters and history. When Xuanwu succeeded he was yellow gate gentleman. When Xiaowen moved to Luoyang the old nobles resisted; to soothe them they allowed winter in the south, summer in the north. Xuanwu was misled by attendants; outsiders spoke of returning north. Some posted notices selling land and houses, unsettled in their homes. Hui then asked for a private audience, reported everything he had heard, and said: "The former emperor moved the capital because the people clung to their native soil; he issued the edict of winter and summer residence only to ease their minds for the moment. That was the language of the hour—not the former emperor's true intent. Moreover, the migrants have settled peacefully for years; households and the state have made their plans, and none wish to go back. I humbly beg Your Majesty to finish what the High Ancestor fixed—do not heed wicked ministers who say it should not be so. The emperor accepted it. He was again made Attendant-in-Ordinary and Right Guard General. Though he offered little real benefit, he was deeply favored. For every secret matter within the inner palace, Hui alone received the edicts and locked them in a chest. Only Hui, on entering, might open it; the other attendants and eunuchs knew nothing. Attendant-in-Ordinary Lu Chang was likewise showered with favor, so contemporaries dubbed them "the Starved Hawk General and the Hungry Eagle Attendant. He was transferred to Minister of Personnel. He sold offices at fixed rates—two thousand bolts for a great commandery, one thousand for a middle one, five hundred for a lower one, with other posts priced accordingly—and the realm called it the Market Bureau. He left the capital as Inspector of Ji Province. The day he departed he sent cart after cart laden with goods; from Xindu to Tangyin the convoy never broke. When the wagons ran short of horn grease, he met oxen on the road and cut fresh horns to supply it. Hui audited household registers, allowed men to return to their chief registers, and levied fifty thousand bolts of silk. Yet he extorted without end, and the people groaned under it. At the start of Emperor Ming's reign he was recalled as Left Deputy of the Secretariat and ordered to handle personnel selection. Later an edict named Hui, together with the Princes of Rencheng, Jingzhao, and Dongping, to decide major affairs at the Gate Office. Hui again memorialized on the essentials of government. First: the censorate must secure worthy men. Get the right man, not the right rank; keep him long in the post and hold him to results. Second: pacify the people and secure the borders—watch the moment, then move. Lately frontier commanders lack long vision and chase a sliver of glory; no one hears of harmony between Chu and Liang, yet the silkworm woman's grievance is tied again and again—petty men chasing illicit gain. The plan to pacify Wu has its own design; it is not a matter of one fortress, one garrison. Moreover, the Hebei provinces are the state's foundation; famine has lasted years, and households have fled and scattered. Now troops are levied and sent to the borders again—at such a time, how easy to stir unrest? I foolishly believe that for some years now we should only still the frontiers, ease levies and corvée, settle the people, and encourage farming—showing kindness to the heartland. I ask that frontier commanders be sternly warned: from now on, when bandits in the garrisons offer submission, no one may rashly send troops to accept them—all must be reported to the throne. Even if they have merit, violators should be punished for disobeying the edict. Third: the state's stores depend entirely on Hebei. Years of famine drove households to flee; men grew cunning and hid their numbers. They shrank the rolls of young and old, falsely recorded deaths, collected rent and tax, and kept the cut for themselves. The people suffered below; the state lost above. Unless new rules are set and registers rigorously checked, the drain will not cease. I ask that this be debated and the regulations clearly proclaimed. The emperor accepted it. Hui loved letters by nature. He gathered scholars such as Cui Hong to compile essentials of the hundred schools by category into Collected Categories—270 scrolls from Fuxi down through Jin, fourteen dynasties in all. When Hui fell gravely ill, he presented the work to the throne. He died. The court granted Eastern Garden funeral gear and posthumously named him Acting Staff Bearer, Commander-in-Chief of All Armies, and Duke of Works, with the posthumous title Literary and Reverent. For the funeral he received a feathered canopy, halberd escort, twenty musicians, and 120 guards of the feathered forest.
78
子弼，字宗輔，性和厚，美容儀。 以莊帝舅子婿，特封廣川縣子。 天平初，累遷尚書令。 弼妹為孝武所納，以親情見委，禮遇特隆。 曆中書監、錄尚書事，位特進、宗師。 齊受禪，除左光祿大夫。 天保三年，卒。 十年，諸子與諸元同誅死。
His son Bi, styled Zongfu, was gentle, generous, and handsome. As Emperor Zhuang's nephew by marriage, he was specially enfeoffed Viscount of Guangchuan. At the opening of Tianping he rose to Minister of the Secretariat. Emperor Xiaowu took Bi's sister as consort; trusting kinship, he heaped honors on Bi. He became Director of the Secretariat, Recorder of Secretariat Affairs, Exceptionally Advanced, and Imperial Clan Mentor. When Qi took the mandate, he was made Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. He died in the third year of Tianbao. In the tenth year his sons were executed along with the other Yuans.
79
弼弟子士將，有巧思。 至齊武成時，位將作大匠。
Bi's nephew Shijiang was ingeniously skilled. Under Qi Wucheng he became Commandant of the Directorate of Palace Construction.
80
德弟贊，頗有名譽，好陳軍國事宜。 初置司州，以贊為刺史，賜爵上谷侯。 孝文戒贊化畿甸，可宣孝道，必令風教洽和，文禮大備。 自今有不孝不悌者，比其門舣，以刻其柱。 又詔曰：「司州刺史，官尊位重，職總京畿，選屬懿親，以允具瞻之望。 但諸王年少，未閑政體，故以授贊，庶能助暉道化。 今司州始立，郡縣初置，公卿已下皆有本屬，可人率子弟，用相展敬。」 於是賜名曰「贊」。 詔贊乘步挽入殿門，加太子少師，遷左僕射。 孝文將謀遷洛，諸公多異同，唯贊贊成大策。 帝每歲南伐，執手寄以後事。 卒，贈衛將軍，僕射如故。 後以留守贊輔之功，進封晉陽縣伯。
De's younger brother Zan enjoyed a fine reputation and loved to discuss military and state affairs. When the State Inspectorate was first set up, Zan was made its inspector and enfeoffed Marquis of Shanggu. Emperor Xiaowen charged Zan to civilize the capital region: proclaim filial piety, harmonize customs, and complete ritual and culture. Henceforth, households lacking filial piety or brotherly duty were to have the fact posted at their gates and carved on their gateposts. An edict also said: "The State Inspector's post is lofty and weighty, overseeing the capital region. The choice must fall on a worthy kinsman who can meet the realm's expectations. The princes are young and not yet versed in governance, so the post is given to Zan in hope he may help guide and transform them. The State Inspectorate and its counties are newly founded. Every noble and minister still holds his former post; each should bring sons and younger kin to pay mutual respect. Thereupon he was granted the taboo name Zan. An edict allowed Zan to enter the palace gate in a hand-drawn carriage, named him Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent, and promoted him to Left Deputy. When Emperor Xiaowen planned to move the capital, most princes objected; only Zan endorsed the great design. Each year the emperor marched south, he would take Zan's hand and entrust him with affairs at home. He died and was posthumously made General Who Guards the States, retaining his deputy title. Later, for Zan's merit in staying behind to assist, his fief was raised to Count of Jinyang.
81
贊弟淑，字買仁。 彎弓三百斤，善騎射。 孝文時，為河東太守。 河東俗多商賈，罕事農桑，人至有年三十不識耒耜。 淑下車勸課，躬往教示，二年間，家給人足，為之謠曰：「泰州河東，杼柚代舂。 元公至止，田疇始理。」 卒于平城鎮將，諡曰靜。 有七子。
Zan's younger brother Shu, styled Mairen. He could draw a three-hundred-jin bow and was skilled in riding and archery. Under Emperor Xiaowen he was Administrator of Hedong. Hedong was full of traders who seldom farmed; some men reached thirty without ever touching a plow. On taking office Shu urged farming and taught the people himself. Within two years every household had enough, and they sang: "In Taizhou's Hedong the shuttle has replaced the pestle. When Duke Yuan came, the fields were put in order at last. He died as General Who Pacifies Pingcheng, posthumous title Tranquil. He had seven sons.
82
季海字元泉，兄弟中最有名譽，位洛州刺史。 季海妻，司空李沖之女，莊帝從母也，賜爵唐郡君。 政在爾硃，禍難方始，勸季海為外官以避纖介。 及孝莊之難，季海果以在籓得免。 從孝武入關，封馮翊王，位中書令、雍州刺史，遷司空。 病薨，諡曰穆。
Jihai, styled Yuanquan, was the most celebrated of the brothers and became Governor of Luozhou. Jihai's wife was Li Chong's daughter, Emperor Zhuang's cousin on the maternal side, and was granted the title Lady of Tang Commandery. As the Erzhu clan seized power and disaster loomed, friends urged Jihai to take a provincial post and avoid the capital. When Emperor Xiaozhuang fell, Jihai escaped precisely because he was away in the provinces. He followed Emperor Xiaowu into Guanzhong, was enfeoffed Prince of Fengyi, became Secretariat Director and Inspector of Yongzhou, then Minister of Works. He died of illness and received the posthumous title Solemn.
83
子亨，字德良，一名孝才。 遇周、齊分隔，時年數歲，與母李氏在洛陽。 齊神武以亨父在關中，禁固之。 其母遂稱凍餒，得就食湯陰，托大豪李長壽，攜亨及孤侄數人，得至長安。 周文以功臣子，甚禮之。 大統末，襲爵馮翊王，累遷勳州刺史，改封平涼王。 周受禪，例降為公。 隋文帝受禪，自洛州刺史徵拜太常卿。 尋出為衛州刺史，在職八年，風化大洽。 以老病乞骸骨，吏人詣闕上表請留，上嗟歎者久之。 其年，亨以篤疾，重請還京，上令使者致醫藥，問動靜，相望於道。 卒于家，諡曰宣。
His son Heng, styled Deliang, also called Xiaocai. When Zhou and Qi split the realm he was still a child, living in Luoyang with his mother, Lady Li. Northern Qi detained him because his father was in Guanzhong. His mother pleaded cold and hunger, gained leave to seek food at Tangyin, entrusted herself to the magnate Li Changshou, and brought Heng and several orphaned nephews to Chang'an. Zhou Wendi treated him with great courtesy as the son of a meritorious house. Late in Datong he inherited the fief of Prince of Fengyi, rose to Inspector of Xunzhou, and was re-enfeoffed Prince of Pingliang. When Zhou took the mandate, his rank was reduced to duke by precedent. When Emperor Wen of Sui took power, he summoned Heng from Luozhou to be Director of Ceremonies. Soon he was sent out as Inspector of Weizhou; in eight years he transformed the region thoroughly. When he begged leave on grounds of age and illness, officials and commoners thronged the palace gate to ask that he stay; the emperor sighed at length. That year, gravely ill, Heng again asked to return to the capital. The emperor sent envoys with medicine and inquiries, one after another on the road. He died at home, posthumous title Proclaimed.
84
陳留王虔，紇根之子也。 登國初，賜爵陳留公。 與衛王儀破黜弗部，從攻衛辰。 慕容寶來寇，虔絕其左翼，寶敗。 垂恚憤來桑乾，虔勇而輕敵，于陳戰沒。 虔姿貌魁傑，武力絕倫，每以矛細短，大作之，猶患其輕，復綴鈴於刃下。 其弓力倍加常人。 以其殊異，代京武庫常存而志之。 虔常以槊刺人，遂貫而高舉。 又嘗以一手頓槊於地，馳馬偽退，敵人爭取，引不能出。 虔引弓射之，一箭殺二三人，搖槊之徒，亡魂而散，徐乃令人取槊而去。 每從征討，及為偏將，常先登陷陣，勇冠當時，敵無眾寡，莫敢抗其前者。 及薨。 舉國悲歎，為之流涕，道武追惜傷慟者數焉。 追諡陳留桓王，配饗廟廷，封其子悅為硃提王。 悅外和內狠。 道武常以桓王死王事，特加親寵，為左將軍，襲封，後為宗師。 悅恃寵驕矜，每謂所親王洛生之徒言曰：「一旦宮車晏駕，吾止避衛公。 除此，誰在吾前！」 衛王儀美髯，為內外所重，悅故云。 初，姚興之贖狄伯支，悅送之，路由雁門。 悅因背誘姦豪，以取其意。 後遇事譴逃亡，投雁門，規收豪傑，欲為不軌，為土人執送。 帝恕而不罪。 明元即位，引悅入侍，仍懷奸計，說帝云：「京師雜人不可保信，宜誅其非類者。」 又云：「雁門人多詐，並可誅之。」 欲以雪其私忿，帝不從。 悅內自疑懼，懷刃入侍，謀為大逆。 叔孫俊疑之。 竊視其懷有刃，執而賜死。
Prince of Chenliu Qian was Gegen's son. At the founding of the state he was enfeoffed Duke of Chenliu. With Prince of Wei Yi he broke the Qufu tribe and followed in the attack on Weichen. When Murong Bao raided, Qian severed his left wing and Bao was defeated. Murong Chui came to Sanggan in fury. Qian was bold but contemptuous of the foe and fell in battle at Chen. Qian was a towering figure of matchless strength. Finding his spears too slender, he forged heavier ones; still deeming them light, he hung bells beneath the blades. He drew bows twice as strong as other men. Because of their strangeness, the capital armory kept specimens on file. Qian often ran his spear through an enemy and lifted the body on the shaft. Once he planted his spear in the earth with one hand, feigned retreat on horseback, and when foes rushed to seize the weapon they could not pull it free. Qian turned, loosed his bow, and dropped two or three men per shaft; those tugging at the spear fled in terror; then he calmly sent men to retrieve the weapon and rode away. On every campaign, as a flank commander, he was always first over the wall; none in his day matched his courage, and no enemy, few or many, stood before him. When he died, the whole realm mourned and wept; Emperor Daowu grieved for him again and again. He was posthumously titled Prince Huan of Chenliu, enshrined in the ancestral temple; his son Yue was enfeoffed Prince of Zhuti. Yue was outwardly mild and inwardly savage. Because Prince Huan had died for the state, Daowu favored Yue especially, made him Left General, let him inherit the fief, and later named him Imperial Clan Mentor. Arrogant with favor, Yue told intimates such as Wang Luosheng: "When the emperor dies I need only step aside for the Prince of Wei. Who else would stand before me? The Prince of Wei Yi wore a splendid beard and was respected throughout the court, which is why Yue spoke so. When Yao Xing ransomed Di Bozhi, Yue escorted him along the road through Yanmen. On the way Yue secretly courted local strongmen to win their support. Later, censured, he fled to Yanmen, plotted to rally bold men for rebellion, and was seized by locals and sent to court. The emperor pardoned him. When Mingyuan ascended, Yue attended court still plotting. He told the emperor: "The strangers in the capital cannot be trusted; execute those who are not of us. He also said: "The people of Yanmen are mostly deceitful and should all be killed." He meant to settle private scores; the emperor refused. Fearful and suspicious, Yue entered attendance with a blade hidden, intending treason. Shusun Jun grew suspicious. Finding a blade in his bosom, Jun seized him and he was put to death.
85
子建襲，降爵為公，位鎮北將軍，懷荒鎮大將。 卒。 建子琛，位恆、肆二州刺史。 琛子翌，尚書左僕射。 翌子暉。
His son Jian inherited, was demoted to duke, and became General Who Pacifies the North and commander of Huaihuang Garrison. He died. Jian's son Chen served as Inspector of Heng and Yi. Chen's son Yi became Left Deputy of the Secretariat. Yi's son was Hui.
86
暉字叔平，鬚眉如畫，進止可觀。 好涉獵書記，少得美名於京下。 周文禮之，命與諸子遊處，每同硯席，情契甚厚。 再遷武伯下大夫。 時突厥屢為寇患，朝廷將結和親，令暉買錦彩十萬，使突厥。 暉說以利害，可汗大悅，遣其名王隨獻方物。 俄拜儀同三司。 周武帝之娉突厥後，令暉致禮。 授開府，轉司憲大夫。 及平關東，使暉安集河北，封義寧子。 隋文帝總百揆，加上開府，進爵為公。 開皇初，拜都官尚書，兼領太僕。 奉詔決杜陽水灌三畤原，溉舄鹵之地數千頃，人賴其利。 再遷兵部尚書，監漕渠之役。 未幾，坐事免。 頃之，拜魏州刺史，頗有惠政。 後以疾去職，卒于京師。 帝嗟悼久之，敕鴻臚監護喪事，諡曰元。 子肅嗣，位光祿少卿。 肅弟仁，器性明敏，位日南郡丞。
Hui, styled Shuping, had painted brows and an admirable bearing. He loved books and in youth won a fine name in the capital. Zhou Wendi honored him, had him keep company with the princes, shared desk and mat with them, and grew deeply fond of him. He was again promoted Junior Grand Master of Martial Dukes. The Türks raided repeatedly; as the court prepared a marriage alliance, Hui was sent with a hundred thousand worth of brocade. Hui argued profit and peril; the khan was delighted and sent a royal prince with tribute. Soon he was made Colonel of the Third Rank. When Zhou Wudi married a Türkish princess, Hui was sent to convey the rites. He was granted Opening the Office and made Grand Master of the Bureau of Justice. When Guandong was pacified, Hui was sent to settle Hebei and enfeoffed Viscount of Yining. When Emperor Wen of Sui held the reins of power, Hui was made Upper Opener of the Office and raised to duke. At the start of Kaihuang he became Minister of Justice and also oversaw the Grand Master of Equipage. By edict he diverted the Duyang River to irrigate Sanzhi Plain, reclaiming thousands of qing of salty soil; the people prospered. He was transferred to Minister of War and supervised the canal works. Before long he was dismissed for an offense. Soon after he was made Inspector of Weizhou and governed with notable kindness. Later he resigned for illness and died in the capital. The emperor mourned at length, ordered the Minister of Ceremonies to oversee the funeral, and gave the posthumous title Primal. His son Su inherited and became Vice Director of Splendid Happiness. Su's younger brother Ren was clever and sharp and became Assistant Administrator of Rinan.
87
建弟嫡子祚，字龍壽。 宣武校藝，每於歲暮，詔令教習講武。 初，建以子罪失爵，祚欲求本封。 有司奏聽祚襲公，其王爵不輕，共求更議，詔從之。 卒于河州刺史。 節閔時，贈侍中、尚書僕射。
Jian's younger brother's eldest son Zuo, styled Longshou. Emperor Xuanwu held martial reviews; at each year's end an edict ordered drill and practice. Jian had lost his noble rank because of his son's crime; Zuo sought to recover the original fief. The authorities memorialized that Zuo might inherit as duke, but a princely title was weighty; they asked for further deliberation, and the edict agreed. He died as Inspector of Hezhou. Under Emperor Jiemin he was posthumously made Attendant-in-Ordinary and Deputy Minister of the Secretariat.
88
虔兄顗，性嚴重少言。 道武常敬之，雅有謀策。 從平中山，以功賜爵蒲城侯。 特見寵厚，給鼓吹羽儀，禮同嶽牧。 蒞政以威信著稱，居官七年，乃以元易幹代顗為郡。 時易幹子萬言得寵于道武，易幹恃其子，輕忽於顗，不告其狀，輕騎卒至，排顗墜床，而據其坐。 顗不知代己，謂以罪見捕。 既而知之，恥其侮慢，謂易幹曰：「我更滿被代，常也。 汝無禮見辱，豈可容哉！」 遂搏而殺之。 以狀具聞，道武壯之。 萬言累以訴請，乃詔顗輸贖。 顗乃自請罪，道武赦之，復免其贖。 病卒。
Qian's elder brother Yan was stern, grave, and sparing of speech. Daowu respected him and valued his counsel. After the pacification of Zhongshan he was enfeoffed Marquis of Pucheng for merit. He received exceptional favor: drums, winds, and feathered banners, with rites equal to a frontier inspector. He governed seven years on prestige and trust, then Yuan Yigan replaced him as prefect. Yigan's son Wanyan was then in favor. Relying on this, Yigan rode in without warning, shoved Yan from his seat, and took his place. Yan, not knowing he had been replaced, thought he was being arrested for a crime. When he understood, ashamed of the insult, he told Yigan: "Serving out my term and being replaced—that is ordinary. But you dishonored me without courtesy—that cannot be borne! He grappled with Yigan and killed him. He reported the matter fully; Daowu admired his spirit. Wanyan sued repeatedly; an edict ordered Yan to pay blood-money. Yan then asked to be punished; Daowu pardoned him and waived the ransom. He died of illness.
89
毗陵王順，地幹之子也。 性疏狠。 登國初，賜爵南安公。 及道武討中山，留順守京師。 柏肆之敗，軍人有亡歸者，言大軍奔散，不知帝所在。 順聞之，欲自立，納莫題諫，乃止。 時賀力眷等聚眾作亂于陰館，順討之不克。 乃從留官自白登南入繁畤故城，阻氵壘水為固，以甯人心。 道武善之，進封為王，位司隸校尉。 道武好黃、老，數召諸王及朝臣親為說之，在坐莫不祗肅，唯順獨坐寐，不顧而唾。 帝怒廢之。 以王薨於家。
Prince of Piling Shun was Diggan's son. He was coarse and fierce by nature. At the founding of the state he was enfeoffed Duke of Nan'an. When Daowu attacked Zhongshan he left Shun to guard the capital. After the defeat at Baisi, fugitive soldiers said the main force had scattered and the emperor's whereabouts were unknown. Hearing this, Shun meant to declare himself ruler; Namodi dissuaded him and he stopped. Helijuan and others were then raising trouble at Yin Studio; Shun attacked but could not defeat them. He withdrew with the officials left in the capital from Baideng south to the old city of Fanzhi, dammed the waters as a defense, and steadied men's hearts. Daowu praised him, raised him to prince, and made him Colonel of the Capital District. Daowu loved the Yellow Emperor and Laozi and often lectured princes and ministers himself. All sat in reverence; only Shun dozed, looked away, and spat. The emperor in anger deposed him. The prince died at home.
90
遼西公意烈，力真之子也。 先沒于慕容垂。 道武征中山，棄妻子迎于井陘。 及平中原，有戰獲勳，賜爵遼西公，除廣平太守。 時和跋為鄴行台，意烈性雄耿，自以帝屬，恥居跋下，遂陰結徒黨，將襲鄴。 發覺，賜死。 子拔幹，博知古今。 父雖有罪，道武以拔幹宗親，委之心腹。 有計略，屢效忠勤。 明元踐阼，除勃海太守，吏人樂之。 賜爵武遂子，轉平原鎮將，得將士心。 卒，諡曰靈公。 子受洛襲，進爵武邑公。 卒。 子叱奴，武川鎮將。
Duke of Liaoxi Yilie was Lizhen's son. He had earlier died in Murong Chui's domain. When Daowu campaigned against Zhongshan, he abandoned wife and children to welcome the emperor at Jingxing. After the Central Plains were pacified he won battle honors, was enfeoffed Duke of Liaoxi, and made Administrator of Guangping. He Ba was then Xingtai of Ye. Proud as imperial kin, Yilie resented serving under him, secretly gathered a faction, and plotted to seize Ye. The plot was discovered and he was sentenced to death. His son Bagan was broadly learned in past and present. Though his father had sinned, Daowu trusted Bagan as kin and kept him close. He was resourceful and repeatedly proved loyal and diligent. When Mingyuan ascended he made Bagan Administrator of Bohai, to the joy of officials and people. He was enfeoffed Viscount of Wusui, made General Who Pacifies Pingyuan, and won the hearts of officers and men. He died with the posthumous title Spiritual Duke. His son Shouluo inherited and was raised to Duke of Wuyi. He died. His son Chinu was general of Wuchuan Garrison.
91
叱奴子洪超，頗有學涉，大乘賊亂之後，詔洪超持節兼黃門侍郎，綏慰冀部。 還，上言冀土寬廣，界去州六七百里，負海險遠，宜分置一州，鎮遏海曲。 朝議從之，後遂立滄州。 卒於北軍將、光祿大夫。
Chinu's son Hongchao was learned. After the Great Vehicle rebellion, he was sent with staff and as Yellow Gate Attendant to pacify Ji. On his return he memorialized that Ji was vast, its coast hundreds of li from the provincial seat and hard to govern—another province should be carved out to control the seaboard. The court agreed; Cangzhou was later established. He died as General of the Northern Army and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.
92
意烈弟勃，善射禦，以勳賜爵彭城公。 卒，諡曰闕。 陪葬金陵。 長子粟襲。 太武時，督諸軍屯漠南。 蠕蠕表聞。 粟亮直，善馭眾，撫恤將士，必與之同勞逸。 征和龍，以功進封為王。 薨，陪葬金陵。
Yilie's younger brother Bo excelled at archery and chariotry and was enfeoffed Duke of Pengcheng for merit. He died with the posthumous title Que. He was buried with honor at Jinling. His eldest son Su inherited. Under Emperor Taiwu he commanded all armies camped south of the desert. The Rouran sent memorials and kept watch. Su was upright and bright, skilled at commanding men; he comforted officers and soldiers and always shared their hardships. On the campaign against Helong he was raised to prince for merit. He died and was buried with honor at Jinling.
93
粟弟渾，少善弓馬，太武嘉之。 會有諸方使，命渾射獸三頭，發皆中，時舉坐咸以為善。 及為宰官尚書，頗以驕縱為失，坐事免，徙長社，為人所害。
Su's younger brother Hun was skilled with bow and horse from youth; Taiwu praised him. When envoys arrived from all sides, Taiwu ordered Hun to shoot three beasts; every arrow struck, and all present admired him. As Director of Palace Affairs he grew proud and indulgent, lost his post, was moved to Changshe, and was murdered.
94
窟咄，昭成崩後，苻洛以其年長，逼徙長安。 苻堅禮之，教以書學。 因亂，隨慕容永東遷。 永以為新興太守。 劉顯之敗，遣弟亢掞等迎窟咄。 遂逼南界，於是諸部騷動。 道武左右於桓等謀應之，同謀人單馬幹以告帝。 帝慮駭人心，沉吟未發。 後三日，桓以謀白其舅穆崇。 又告之，帝乃誅桓等五人，余莫題等七姓悉原不問。 帝慮內難，乃北逾陰山，幸賀蘭部，遣安同及長孫漫徵兵于慕容垂。 賀曼亡奔窟咄，安同間行，遂達中山。 慕容垂遣子賀驎步騎六千以隨之。 安同與垂使人蘭紇俱還，達牛川，窟咄兄子意烈捍之。 安同乃隱藏於商賈囊中。 至暮，乃入空井得免，仍奔賀驎。 軍既不至，而稍前逼賀染幹。 賀染幹陰懷異端，乃為窟咄來侵北部。 人皆驚駭，莫有固志。 於是北部大人叔孫普洛節及諸烏丸亡奔衛辰。 賀驎聞之，遽遣安同、硃譚等來。 既知賀驎軍近，眾乃少定。 道武自弩山幸牛川，窟咄進屯高柳。 道武復使安同詣賀驎，因克會期。 安同還，帝逾參合，出代北，與賀驎會于高柳。 窟咄窮迫，望旗奔走，遂為衛辰殺之。 帝悉收其眾，賀驎執帝別歸中山。
After Zhaocheng's death, Fu Luo, considering Kudou's seniority, forced him to Chang'an. Fu Jian honored him and taught him letters. In the chaos he followed Murong Yong east. Yong made him Administrator of Xinxing. After Liu Xian's defeat he sent his younger brother Kangshan and others to welcome Kudou. Kudou then pressed the southern frontier and all the tribes were stirred. Daowu's attendants Yu Huan and others plotted to join him; the conspirator Dan Magan informed the emperor. Fearing to alarm the people, the emperor hesitated and did nothing. Three days later Huan told his uncle-in-law Mu Chong of the plot. When this too was reported, the emperor executed Huan and five others; seven clans including Mo Ti were all pardoned. Fearing civil strife, he crossed Yin Mountain north to the Helan tribe and sent An Tong and Changsun Man to raise troops from Murong Chui. He Man fled to Kudou; An Tong went by secret paths and reached Zhongshan. Murong Chui sent his son Helu with six thousand infantry and cavalry to follow. An Tong returned with Chui's envoy Lan He to Niuchuan, where Kudou's nephew Yilie blocked them. An Tong hid inside merchants' packs. At dusk he slipped into an empty well, escaped, and rejoined Helu. Before the relief army arrived, Kudou pressed Herangan. Herangan harbored treacherous intent and joined Kudou in attacking the north. Everyone was terrified; no one stood firm. The northern great man Shusun Puluojie and many Wuhuan fled to Weichen. Hearing this, Helu urgently sent An Tong, Zhu Tan, and others. When men knew Helu's army was near, the host grew somewhat steady. Daowu came from Nushan to Niuchuan; Kudou advanced and camped at Gaoliu. Daowu again sent An Tong to Helu to fix a rendezvous. An Tong returned; the emperor crossed Canhe, marched out of northern Dai, and met Helu at Gaoliu. Kudou, driven to extremity, fled at sight of the banners and was killed by Weichen. The emperor gathered Kudou's followers; Helu detained him and returned separately to Zhongshan.
95
論曰：魏氏始自幽都，肇基帝業。 上穀公等分枝若木，疏派天潢。 或績預經綸，大開土宇； 或跡同凶悖，自致殲夷。 其禍福之來，唯人所召。 至如神武之不事黃屋，高揖萬乘，義感鄰國； 祚隆帝統，太伯、延陵未足多也。 高涼讓國之胤，子那猛壯之風，或大位未加，或功不贖罪； 褒德圖勞，其義為闕。 松滋氣幹相承，聲跡俱顯； 天穆得不以道，任過其量。 持盈必悔，殺身為幸。 武衛父子兼將，丕略始見器重，終以奸棄，不足觀矣。 河間、扶風，武烈宣著，宗子之可稱乎！ 衛王英風猛概，折沖見重，謀之不臧，卒以自喪。 秦王體度恢偉，陳留膽氣絕倫，亡身強寇，志力不展，惜哉！ 常山勇冠戚屬，與魏升降，亦以優乎！ 陰平忠烈，蒲陰器宇，榮寵兼萃，蓋有由焉。 毗陵疏狠，遼西狷介，全身保位，固亦難矣。 苻堅之轘寔君，衛辰之誅窟咄，逆子賊臣，蓋亦天下之惡一焉。
The commentary says: The Wei house rose from Youdu and founded its empire. The Duke of Shanggu and others branched like limbs of a tree, streams from heaven's moat. Some aided statecraft and greatly expanded the realm; others walked paths of violence and brought ruin on themselves. Fortune and disaster came only as men summoned them. Divine Martial refused the yellow canopy and bowed to no throne, yet his righteousness moved neighboring states; his rank in the imperial line makes Taibo and Yanling seem slight. Gaoliang yielded the realm; Zina bore fierce valor; some never reached the throne, some could not redeem their crimes; to praise virtue and record labor for them—the meaning falls short. Songzi's line carried spirit and stature together, fame and deed alike bright; Tianmu did not hold the Way—his office outran his measure. Those who hold fullness must repent; for some, death was mercy. The Martial Guard and his son were both generals; strategy at last won notice, yet treachery undid them—not worth dwelling on. Hejian and Fufeng showed martial glory—among imperial sons they may be praised! The Prince of Wei united heroic spirit with fierce force and was esteemed in battle, but unwise counsel brought about his own ruin. The Prince of Qin was broad in stature; Chenliu matched no one in daring, yet both died before strong foes and never showed their full strength—alas! The Prince of Changshan led the clan in courage and rose and fell with Wei—he too stands high! Yinping was loyal and fierce; Puyin had stature and grace; both won glory—there was cause. Piling was coarse, Liaoxi obstinate; to keep body and post was hard enough. Fu Jian strangled the true heir; Weichen executed Kudou—rebellious sons and treacherous ministers belong among the world's great evils.