1
衞操莫含劉庫仁尉古真穆崇奚斤叔孫建安同庾業延王建羅結樓伏連閭大肥奚牧和跋莫題賀狄干李栗奚眷
Wei Cao, Mo Han, Liu Kuren, Wei Guzhen, Mu Chong, Xi Jin, Shu Sunjian, An Tong, Yu Yeyan, Wang Jian, Luo Jie, Lou Fulian, Lu Dafei, Xi Mu, He Ba, Mo Ti, He Digan, Li Li, and Xi Juan
2
列傳第八衛操莫含劉庫仁 （弟子羅辰羅辰曾孫仁之尉古真 （從玄孫瑾穆崇奚斤叔孫建安同庾業延王建羅結樓伏連 （曾孫寶閭大
Biographies 8 — Wei Cao, Mo Han, and Liu Kuren (Nephew's son Luo Chen; Luo Chen's great-grandson Renzhi; Wei Guzhen (Collateral great-grandson Jin; Mu Chong, Xi Jin, Shu Sunjian, An Tong, Yu Yeyan, Wang Jian, Luo Jie, and Lou Fulian (Great-grandson Bao; Lu Da
3
肥奚牧和跋莫題賀狄幹李栗奚眷
fei, Xi Mu, He Ba, Mo Ti, He Digan, Li Li, and Xi Juan)
4
衛操，字德元，代人也。 少通俠，有才略。 晉征北將軍衛瓘以操為牙門將。 當魏神元時，頗自結附。 及神元崩後，與從子雄及其宗室鄉親姬淡等來歸，說桓、穆二帝招納晉人。 桓帝以為輔相，任以國事。 及劉、石之亂，桓帝匡助晉氏。 操稍遷至右將軍，封定襄侯。
Wei Cao, styled Deyuan, came from Dai. As a youth he excelled at chivalric ways and showed talent and strategic sense. The Jin General Who Pacifies the North, Wei Guan, appointed Cao gate commander. During the reign of Emperor Shenyuan he cultivated close ties with the state. After Shenyuan died, he came in with his nephew Xiong, kinsmen, and fellow-townsmen such as Ji Dan and urged the Huan and Mu emperors to enlist Jin subjects. Emperor Huan made him chief minister and gave him charge of state affairs. When turmoil engulfed the Liu and Shi regimes, Emperor Huan supported the Jin. Cao rose step by step to Right General and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dingxiang.
5
皇興初，雍州別駕雁門段榮於大邗掘得此碑，文雖非麗，事宜載焉，故略附於傳。 操以穆帝三年卒。 始操所與宗室鄉親入國者，衛勤安樂亭侯，衛崇、衛清並都亭侯，衛沈、段繁並信義將軍、都鄉侯，王發建武將軍、都亭侯，范班折沖將軍、廣武亭侯，賈慶建武將軍、上洛亭侯，賈循都亭侯，李壹關中侯，郭乳關內侯，皆為桓帝所表授也。 六修之難，存者多隨劉琨任子遵南奔。
Early in Huangxing, Duan Rong, aide of Yan Province from Yanmen, dug up this stele at Dahang; the prose is plain, but the matter is worth preserving, so it is summarized here. Cao died in the third year of Emperor Mu's reign. The kinsmen and fellow-townsmen who had entered the state with Cao were enfeoffed by Emperor Huan: Wei Qin as Marquis of Anle Pavilion; Wei Chong and Wei Qing as Marquises of the Capital Pavilion; Wei Shen and Duan Fan as Generals of Trust and Righteousness and Marquises of the Capital District; Wang Fa as General Who Establishes Martial Might and Marquis of the Capital Pavilion; Fan Ban as General Who Breaks the Foe and Marquis of Guangwu Pavilion; Jia Qing as General Who Establishes Martial Might and Marquis of Shangluo Pavilion; Jia Xun as Marquis of the Capital Pavilion; Li Yi as Marquis Within the Passes; and Guo Ru as Marquis Within the Domains. During the crisis of Liuxiu, most survivors followed Liu Kun's envoy Ren Zun in flight to the south.
6
衛雄、姬淡、莫含等名皆見碑。 雄字世遠，淡字世雅，並勇健多計，桓帝並以為將，常隨征伐。 雄稍遷至左將軍、雲中侯。 淡亦以勇績著名，桓帝末，至信義將軍、樓煩侯。 穆帝初，並見委任，衛操卒後，俱為左右輔相。 六修之逆，國內大亂，雄、淡並為群情所附，乃與劉遵率烏丸、晉人數萬而叛。 劉琨聞之，大悅，如平城撫納之，欲因以滅石勒。 後為勒將孔長所滅。
Wei Xiong, Ji Dan, Mo Han, and others are all named on the stele. Xiong, styled Shiyuan, and Dan, styled Shiya, were bold and full of schemes; both were made generals by Emperor Huan and regularly joined campaigns. Xiong rose to Left General and Marquis of Yunzhong. Dan likewise won renown in battle; late in Emperor Huan's reign he became General of Trust and Righteousness and Marquis of Loufan. At the start of Emperor Mu's reign both were heavily relied upon; after Wei Cao died they served together as chief ministers of the left and right. When Liuxiu rebelled and the realm convulsed, Xiong and Dan won popular support and, with Liu Zun, led tens of thousands of Wuhuan and Jin subjects in revolt. Liu Kun was delighted, went to Pingcheng to welcome them, and hoped to use them to destroy Shi Le. They were later destroyed by Kong Chang, a general of Shi Le.
7
莫含，雁門繁畦人也。 劉琨為并州，辟含從事。 含居近塞下，常交通國中。 穆帝愛其才器。 及為代王，備置官屬，求含於琨，琨喻遣之。 乃入參國官，常參軍國大謀。 卒于左將軍、關中侯。 其故宅在桑乾川南，世稱莫含壁，含音訛，或謂之莫回城云。
Mo Han came from Fanchi in Yanmen. When Liu Kun governed Bing Province he took Han on as an aide. Han lived near the border and kept up regular contact with the court. Emperor Mu admired his ability. When he became King of Dai he formed a full bureaucracy and asked Kun for Han; Kun urged Han to go. He entered government service and regularly took part in major state deliberations. He died as Left General and Marquis Within the Passes. His old home stood south of the Sanggan; people call it Mo Han's Cliff—"Han" being a corrupted form of the name—or Mo Hui City.
8
子顯，昭成世為左常侍。
His son Xian served as Left Regular Attendant under Emperor Zhaocheng.
9
顯子題，道武初，為大將，以功賜爵東宛侯。 常與李栗侍宴，栗坐不敬獲罪，題亦被黜為濟陽太守。 後道武欲廣宮室，規度平城四方數十里，將模鄴、洛、長安之制，運材數百萬根。 以題機巧，征令監之。 召入，與論興造之制，題久侍頗怠，賜死。
Xian's son Ti, in Emperor Daowu's early reign, became a great general and was enfeoffed Marquis of Dongwan for his achievements. He often shared banquets with Li Li; when Li was punished for irreverence at table, Ti was demoted to Governor of Jiyang. Later Emperor Daowu planned to expand the palace complex, surveyed tens of li around Pingcheng on the model of Ye, Luoyang, and Chang'an, and requisitioned millions of beams. Ti's mechanical skill led to his appointment as overseer of construction. Called in to discuss the building plans, he grew slack during long attendance at court and was put to death.
10
題弟雲，好學善射。 道武時，常典選曹，賜爵安德侯。 遷執金吾，參軍國謀議。 太武克赫連昌，詔雲與常山王素留鎮統萬，進爵安定公。 雲撫慰新舊，皆得其所。 卒，諡敬公。
Ti's younger brother Yun loved study and excelled at archery. Under Emperor Daowu he ran the Selection Bureau and was enfeoffed Marquis of Ande. He became Commandant of the Imperial Carriages and took part in state counsel. When Emperor Taiwu took Helian Chang, Yun and Prince Su of Changshan were ordered to hold Tongwan; Yun was promoted to Duke of Anding. Yun reassured old subjects and new, and all were settled. After his death he received the posthumous title Duke Jing.
11
劉庫仁字沒根，獨孤部人，劉武之宗也。 少豪俠，有智略。 母平文皇帝之女。 昭成皇帝復以宗女妻之，為南部大人。 建國三十九年，照成暴崩，道武未立，苻堅以庫仁為陵江將軍、關內侯。 令與衛辰分國眾統之，河西屬衛辰，河東屬庫仁。 於是獻明皇后攜道武及衛、秦二王自賀蘭部來居焉。 庫仁盡忠奉事，不以興廢易節。 苻堅處衛辰在庫仁下，衛辰怒，叛，攻庫仁。 庫仁伐衛辰，破之。 苻堅賜庫仁妻公孫氏，厚其資送。
Liu Kuren, styled Meigen, belonged to the Dugu tribe and was kin to Liu Wu. In youth he was daring and chivalrous, with wit and strategy. His mother was a daughter of Emperor Pingwen. Emperor Zhaocheng again married him to a clanswoman and appointed him Grand Chieftain of the Southern Tribes. In the thirty-ninth year of Jianguo, Zhaocheng died suddenly before Daowu had taken the throne; Fu Jian made Kuren General Who Crosses the River and Marquis Within the Passes. He set Kuren and Wei Chen to divide the tribal following: the west of the river to Chen, the east to Kuren. The Xianming Empress then brought Daowu and the Wei and Qin princes from the Helan tribe to live under Kuren's protection. Kuren served with steadfast loyalty, unmoved by fortune or ruin. Fu Jian ranked Wei Chen below Kuren; Chen in anger rebelled and attacked him. Kuren struck Chen and routed him. Fu Jian gave Kuren's wife the surname Gongsun and sent a lavish dowry.
12
慕容垂圍苻丕於鄴，又遣將平規攻堅幽州刺史王永于薊。 庫仁遣妻兄公孫希助永擊規，大破之。 庫仁復將大舉以救丕。 發雁門、上穀、代郡兵，次於繁畤。 先是，慕容文等當徙長安，遁依庫仁部，常思東歸。 是役也，文等夜率三郡人，攻殺庫仁，乘其駿馬，奔慕容垂。 公孫希聞亂走丁零。
Murong Chui besieged Fu Pi at Ye and sent Ping Gui to attack Wang Yong, Fu Jian's governor of Yan Province, at Ji. Kuren sent his brother-in-law Gongsun Xi to help Yong against Gui and won a crushing victory. Kuren prepared to march in force to relieve Pi. He raised troops from Yanmen, Shanggu, and Dai and camped at Fanzhi. Earlier Murong Wen and others, slated for relocation to Chang'an, had taken refuge with Kuren and longed to go east again. On this campaign Wen and others led men of the three commanderies by night, killed Kuren, took his best horses, and fled to Murong Chui. Gongsun Xi, hearing of the upheaval, fled to the Dingling.
13
庫仁弟眷，繼攝國事。 眷第三子羅辰，機警有智謀，謂眷曰：「從兄顯，忍人也，願早圖之。」 眷不以為意。 後庫仁子顯果殺眷而代立。 顯既殺眷，又謀逆。 及道武即位，討顯于馬邑，追至彌澤，大破之。 後奔慕容驎，驎徙之中山。
Kuren's younger brother Juan took charge of tribal affairs. Juan's third son Luo Chen, sharp and full of schemes, told Juan, "Cousin Xian is ruthless; you should deal with him soon. Juan paid no attention. Later Kuren's son Xian killed Juan and seized power. After killing Juan, Xian also plotted rebellion. When Daowu came to the throne he attacked Xian at Mayi, pursued him to Mize, and routed him. He later fled to Murong Lin, who resettled him at Zhongshan.
14
羅辰即宣穆皇后兄也。 顯既殺眷，羅辰遂奔道武。 顯恃強，每謀逆，羅辰輒先聞奏。 拜南部大人。 從平中原，以功賜爵永安公。 以軍功除征東將軍、定州刺史。 卒，諡曰敬。
Luo Chen was the elder brother of the Xuanmu Empress. When Xian killed Juan, Luo Chen fled to Daowu. Xian, trusting in his power, repeatedly plotted revolt; Luo Chen always warned the throne in advance. He was made Grand Chieftain of the Southern Tribes. After the conquest of the Central Plains he was enfeoffed Duke of Yong'an for his service. For military merit he became General Who Pacifies the East and Governor of Ding Province. He died with the posthumous title Jing.
15
子殊暉襲爵，位并州刺史，卒。 子求引，位武衛將軍。 卒，諡曰貞。 子爾頭，位魏昌、癭陶二縣令，贈钜鹿太守。
His son Shuhui inherited the title, served as Governor of Bing Province, and died. His son Qiuyin was General of the Martial Guard. He died with the posthumous title Zhen. His son Ertou was magistrate of Weichang and Yingtao and was posthumously named Governor of Julu.
16
子仁之，字山靜，少有操尚，粗涉書史。 歷位衛將軍、西兗州刺史，在州有當時之譽。 武定二年卒，贈衛大將軍、吏部尚書、青州刺史，諡曰敬。
His son Renzhi, styled Shanjing, showed moral fiber in youth and had read history in a general way. He served as General of the Guard and Governor of Western Yan Province and earned a reputation in his day. He died in the second year of Wuding and was posthumously made Grand General of the Guard, Minister of the Civil Service, and Governor of Qing Province, with the posthumous title Jing.
17
仁之外示長者，內多矯詐。 其對賓客，破床弊席，粗飯冷菜，衣服故惡，乃過逼下。 善候當塗，能為詭激。 每於稠人廣眾中，或撾一奸吏，或縱一孤貧，大言自眩，淺識皆稱其美。 公能之譽，動過其實。 性又酷虐，在晉陽曾營城雉，仁之統監作役。 以小稽緩，遂杖前殷州刺史裴瑗、并州刺史王綽。 齊神武大加譴責。 性好文字。 吏書失體，便加鞭撻； 言韻微訛，亦見捶楚，吏人以此苦之。 而愛好文史，敬重人流。 與齋帥馮元興交款。 元興死後積年，仁之營視其家，常出隆厚，時人以此尚之。
Renzhi posed as a man of virtue while inwardly he was full of artifice. With guests he used broken beds and threadbare mats, coarse rice and cold dishes, and shabby clothes—yet he bullied those beneath him. He watched those in power keenly and knew how to stage theatrical outbursts. In crowded gatherings he might thrash a corrupt clerk or spare a lone beggar, declaiming for effect; the shallow praised him as noble. His fame for public spirit far outran the reality. He was also brutal; at Jinyang he once oversaw repairs to the city walls under Renzhi's supervision. For minor tardiness he had Pei Yuan, former governor of Yin Province, and Wang Chuo, governor of Bing Province, flogged. Qi Emperor Shenwu censured him harshly. He had a natural love of the written word. Clerical errors in format earned a beating; even slight slips in tone brought the rod, and clerks suffered for it. Yet he cherished literature and history and treated men of talent with respect. He was close to the guard officer Feng Yuanxing. Years after Yuanxing died, Renzhi still tended his family with generous support, and contemporaries admired him for it.
18
仁之伯乞歸，真君中，除中散大夫。 性寬和，與物無競，未嘗言人善惡。 曾遇患晝寢，有奴偷竊，乞歸詐睡不見，亦不泄之。 此奴走入蠕蠕，方笑言之，亦無嗔色。 獻文末，除主客尚書。 孝文初，位東雍州刺史，賜爵永安侯。 卒。
Renzhi's elder uncle Qi Gui was appointed Palace Attendant in the Zhenjun era. Mild by nature, he shunned rivalry and never spoke of others' virtues or faults. Once, ill, he napped by day while a slave stole from him; Qi Gui pretended to sleep, saw nothing, and said nothing. The slave later fled to the Rouran; only then did Qi Gui laugh and mention the theft, without a trace of anger. Late in Emperor Xianwen's reign he became Minister of Guests. Early in Emperor Xiaowen's reign he governed Eastern Yong Province and was enfeoffed Marquis of Yong'an. He died.
19
子嵩，字阿龍，好周人之急。 與王仲興自平城被追赴洛，家貧不能自達，嵩事事資遣。 宣武時，仲興寵倖，乃奏除給事。 請疏黃河，以通船漕，授龍門都將。 歷年功不就，坐流。 元曄僭立，授大鴻臚卿。 子桃湯，位終奉朝請。
His son Song, styled Along, delighted in helping others through emergencies. Driven from Pingcheng toward Luoyang with Wang Zhongxing, too poor to travel, Song funded their entire journey. Under Emperor Xuanwu, when Zhongxing won favor at court, he had Song appointed palace attendant. He petitioned to dredge the Yellow River for shipping and was made Commandant of Longmen. Years passed without finishing the work, and he was exiled. When Yuan Ye usurped the throne he was appointed Grand Minister of the Imperial Clan. His son Taotang ended his career as Court Gentleman for Attendance.
20
尉古真，代人也。 道武之在賀蘭部，賀染幹遣侯引乙突等將肆逆。 古真知之，密以馳告。 染幹疑古真泄其謀，乃執拷之，以兩車軸押其頭，傷其一目。 不服，乃免之。 後從平中原，以功賜爵束州侯。 明元初，為鴻飛將軍，鎮大洛。 卒于定州刺史。 子億萬襲。
Wei Guzhen came from Dai. While Daowu dwelt with the Helan tribe, He Ranggan sent Hou Yin, Yituo, and others to plot treason. Guzhen learned of the plot and sent a secret courier to warn him. Ranggan suspected Guzhen had betrayed the plot, seized him, and tortured him by crushing his head between cart axles until he lost an eye. He would not confess and was finally released. After the conquest of the Central Plains he was enfeoffed Marquis of Dong Province for his service. Early in Emperor Mingyuan's reign he was General of Soaring Flight and garrisoned Daluo. He died while serving as Governor of Ding Province. His son Yiwang inherited the title.
21
古真弟諾，以忠謹著稱。 從道武圍中山，先登，傷一目。 道武歎曰：「諾兄弟並毀目以建功效，誠可嘉也！」 賜安樂子。 從平姚平，還，拜國部大人。 太武時，改邑遼西公。 卒，第八子歡襲。
Guzhen's younger brother Nuo was known for loyalty and discretion. In the siege of Zhongshan under Emperor Daowu he was first over the wall and lost an eye. Emperor Daowu exclaimed, "Both Nuo brothers have sacrificed an eye for merit—truly praiseworthy! He enfeoffed him as Viscount of Anle. After the pacification of Yao Ping he returned and was made Grand Chieftain of the National Tribes. Under Emperor Taiwu his fief was raised to Duke of Liaoxi. At his death his eighth son Huan inherited.
22
多侯少有武幹。 獻文時，假節、領護羌戎校尉、敦煌鎮將。 至，求輕騎五千，西入于闐，兼平諸國，因敵取資，平定為效。 弗許。 孝文初，又求北取伊吾，斷蠕蠕通西域路。 帝善其計，以東作方興，難之。 為妻元所害。
Duohou showed martial promise in youth. Under Emperor Xianwen he held provisional authority as Colonel Protecting the Qiang and Rong and as garrison general of Dunhuang. On reaching his post he asked for five thousand light cavalry to push into Khotan, subdue the western states, live off the enemy, and pacify the region. The request was denied. Early in Emperor Xiaowen's reign he again asked to seize Yiwu in the north and sever Rouran access to the Western Regions. The emperor approved the plan but, with major construction in the east under way, could not spare the forces. His wife, of the Yuan clan, murdered him.
23
多侯弟子慶賓，善騎射，有將略，稍遷太中大夫。 明帝時，朝議送蠕蠕主阿那瑰還國。 慶賓上表固爭，不從。 後蠕蠕遂執行台元孚。 慶賓後拜肆州刺史。 時爾硃榮兵威漸盛，曾經肆州，慶賓惡之，據城不納。 榮襲之，拘還秀容，呼為假父。 後以憂還都。 尋起為光祿大夫、都督，鎮汝陰。 還朝，卒，贈司空。 子瑾。
Duohou's nephew Qingbin excelled at mounted archery, showed a commander's mind, and rose to Grand Palace Counselor. Under Emperor Ming the court debated sending the Rouran ruler Anagui home. Qingbin memorialized forcefully against it; the court ignored him. The Rouran later seized the acting commander Yuan Fu. Qingbin was later appointed Governor of Si Province. As Erzhu Rong's power grew he once passed through Si Province; Qingbin loathed him and barred the gates. Rong assaulted the city, took him captive, brought him to Xiurong, and mockingly called him "foster father." He later returned to the capital in distress. He was soon reappointed Grand Minister of Splendor and commander garrisoning Ruyin. He died after returning to court and was posthumously named Minister of Works. His son was Jin.
24
瑾少而敏悟，好學慕善。 以國姓門資，稍遷直後。 司馬子如執政，瑾娶其甥皮氏為妻，由此除中書舍人。 後除吏部郎中。 齊文襄崩，文宣命瑾在鄴北宮，共高德正典機密。 天保中，累遷七兵尚書侍郎。 孝昭輔政，除吏部尚書。 武成踐祚，趙彥深本子如賓寮，元文遙、和士開並帝鄉故舊，共相薦達，任遇彌重。 又吏部銓衡所歸，事多秘密，由是朝之機事，頗亦預聞。 後為尚書右僕射，卒。 武成方在三台饗宴，文遙奏聞，遂命撤樂罷飲。
Jin was quick-witted from childhood, loved study, and admired worthy conduct. Through his clan name and pedigree he rose to Palace Attendant Behind the Throne. When Sima Ziru governed, Jin married his niece Lady Pi and was made Secretariat Gentleman. He was later made Bureau Director in the Ministry of the Civil Service. After Qi Emperor Wenxiang's death, Wenxuan set Jin at Ye's Northern Palace with Gao Dezheng to handle confidential affairs. During Tianbao he rose repeatedly to Vice Minister of the Seven Armies. When Xiaozhao took up regency he became Minister of the Civil Service. When Wucheng took the throne, Zhao Yanshen had been Ziru's client, and Yuan Wenyao and He Shikai were childhood friends of the imperial house; together they advanced Jin, and his power deepened. As Minister he controlled appointments, many of them secret, and so heard a great deal of the court's inner business. He later became Right Vice Minister of the Masters of Writing and died. Wucheng was feasting at Santai when Wenyao announced Jin's death; he immediately ordered the music stopped and the cups set down.
25
瑾外雖通顯，內關風訓； 閨門穢雜，為世所鄙。 有女在室，忽從奔誘，瑾遂以適婦侄皮逸人。 瑾又通寡嫂元氏。 瑾嘗譏吏部郎中頓丘李構云：「郎不稽古。」 構對令史云：「我實不稽古，未知通嫂得作稽古不？」 瑾聞大慚。 然亦能折節下士，意在引接名流，但不之別也。 有賈彥始者，儀望雖是儒生，稱堪充聘陳使。 司徒戶曹祖崇儒，文辯俱不足，言將為當世莫及。 好學吳人搖脣振足，為人所哂。 見人好笑，時論比之寒蟬。 又少威儀。 子德載，以蒲鞭責之，便自投井。 瑾自臨井上，呼云：「兒出！ 聞者皆笑。 及位任重，便大躁急，省內郎中將論事者，逆即瞋罵。 既居大選，彌自驕狠。 皮子賤恃其親通，多所談薦，大有受納。 瑾死後，其弟靜忿而發之。 子賤坐決鞭二百，配北營州。
Though eminent in public, Jin's household lacked moral discipline; his private life was sordid, and the world despised him. A daughter still at home was suddenly carried off in elopement; Jin then married her to his wife's nephew Pi Yiren. Jin also lay with his widowed sister-in-law, Lady Yuan. Jin once mocked Li Gou of Dunqiu, bureau director in the Ministry of the Civil Service, saying, "You never study antiquity. Gou told the clerks, "It is true I do not study antiquity—but is taking one's sister-in-law what you call antiquity?" Jin heard this and was deeply shamed. He could still humble himself before scholars and meant to gather famous men, yet could not tell quality from pretense. One Jia Yanshi looked the part of a Confucian and was said fit to serve as envoy to Chen. Zuchongru of the Minister of Education's household bureau lacked literary polish and eloquence yet talked as if unequaled in the age. He imitated Wu performers' lip-trembling and foot-jigging and was mocked for it. He laughed at everyone he met; wits compared him to a winter cicada. He had little dignity even as a young man. His son Dezai, flogged with a cattail whip, threw himself into a well. Jin came to the well himself and shouted, "Boy, come out! All who heard burst out laughing. As his power grew he turned furious; any director in his ministry who came to discuss business was met with a glare and a torrent of abuse. Once he controlled appointments he grew still more arrogant and cruel. Lady Pi's son Jian, trading on the family tie, pushed many candidates and took large bribes. After Jin died his younger brother Jing exposed the affair in anger. Jian was sentenced to two hundred strokes of the rod and sent to North Ying Province.
26
初，瑾為聘梁使，梁人陳昭善相，謂瑾曰：「二十年後當為宰相。」 瑾出，私謂人曰：「此公宰相後，不過三年，當死。」 昭後為陳使主，兼散騎常侍，至齊。 瑾時兼右僕射，鳴騶鐃吹。 昭復謂人曰：「二年當死。」 果如言焉。 德載位通直散騎侍郎。
When Jin went to Liang as marriage envoy, Chen Zhao of Liang, skilled in physiognomy, told him, "In twenty years you will be chief minister. Jin left and told others privately, "Three years after that man becomes chief minister, he will die." Zhao later came to Qi as chief Liang envoy and Regular Attendant. Jin was then Right Vice Minister, with drums and clarions before his carriage. Zhao again told others, "He will die within two years. Events proved him right. Dezai served as Regular Attendant of the Palace Gate.
27
眷弟地幹，機悟有才藝，馳馬立射五的，時人莫能及。 太武時，位庫部尚書，加散騎常侍，領侍輦郎。 奉上忠謹，尤善嘲笑。 太武見其效人舉措，忻悅不能自勝。 甚見親愛，參軍國大謀。 時征平原，試沖車以攻塚。 地幹為索所摐，折脅而卒。 帝親往哭慟，贈中領軍、燕郡公，諡曰惠。
Juan's younger brother Diggan was clever and gifted in the arts; galloping, he could hit five standing targets—none could equal him. Under Emperor Taiwu he was Minister of the Storehouse, also Regular Attendant, and led the Palace Carriage Attendants. He served the throne with loyal care and excelled at mimicry. Emperor Taiwu, watching him imitate others' manners, was so delighted he could hardly contain himself. He was deeply favored and took part in major state plans. During the campaign on the plain they tested siege engines against tombs. A cable struck Diggan, broke his ribs, and killed him. The emperor mourned him in person and posthumously made him General of the Central Guard and Duke of Yan Commandery, with the posthumous title Hui.
28
子長壽，位右曹殿中尚書，賜爵會稽公，卒于涇州刺史。
His son Changshou was Director of the Right Bureau in the Palace Secretariat, enfeoffed Duke of Kuaiji, and died as Governor of Jing Province.
29
古真族玄孫聿，字成興，性耿介。 明帝時，為武衛將軍。 時領軍元叉執權，百寮莫不加敬，聿獨長揖不拜。 尋出為氵京州刺史。 氵京州緋色，天下之最，叉送白綾二千匹令染，聿拒不受。 叉諷御史劾之，驛徵至京。 覆，無狀。 還任，卒。
Guzhen's sixth-generation collateral descendant Yu, styled Chenxing, was stiffly upright. Under Emperor Ming he was General of the Martial Guard. When camp commander Yuan Cha held power every official bowed low; Yu alone gave a long bow without kneeling. He was soon sent out as Governor of Cen Province. Cen Province produced the finest scarlet dye in the realm; Cha sent two thousand bolts of white silk to be dyed, and Yu refused. Cha prompted the censorate to impeach him; couriers summoned him to the capital. Review found no case. He resumed his post and died.
30
穆崇，代人也，其先代效節於神元、桓、穆之時。 崇少以盜竊為事。 道武之居獨孤部，崇往來奉給，時人無及者。 後劉顯之逆，平文皇帝外孫梁眷知之，密遣崇告道武。 眷謂崇曰：「顯若知之，雖刀劍刳割勿泄也。」 因以寵妻及所乘良馬付崇曰：「事覺，吾當以此自明。」 崇來告難，道武馳如賀蘭部。 顯果疑眷泄，將囚之。 崇乃唱言：「梁眷不顧恩義，將顯為逆。 今我掠得其妻、馬，足以雪忿。」 顯聞信之。 窟咄之難，崇外甥于植等與崇謀執道武以應之。 崇夜告道武，道武誅植等。 北逾陰山，復幸賀蘭部。
Mu Chong came from Dai; his forebears had served loyally since the reigns of Emperor Shenyuan and the Huan and Mu emperors. In youth Chong lived by theft. While Daowu stayed with the Dugu tribe Chong supplied him back and forth as no one else could. Later, when Liu Xian rebelled, Liang Juan—Emperor Pingwen's grandson by a daughter—learned of the plot and secretly sent Chong to warn Daowu. Juan told Chong, "If Xian finds out, let them cut you with swords—do not speak. He gave Chong his favorite wife and his best horse, saying, "If we are found out, I will clear myself with these." Chong brought word of danger; Daowu galloped to the Helan tribe. Xian indeed suspected Juan had leaked the plot and was about to seize him. Chong then shouted aloud, "Liang Juan has forgotten grace and would make Xian rebel! I have taken his wife and horse—that settles the score. Xian heard him and believed it. During Kudu's revolt, Chong's nephew Yu Zhi and others plotted with Chong to seize Daowu in collusion. Chong warned Daowu by night; Daowu executed Zhi and his fellows. He crossed the Yin Mountains to the north and again took refuge with the Helan tribe.
31
初，道武避窟咄難，遣崇還察人心。 崇留馬與從者，微服入其營。 會有火光，為舂妾所識，賊皆驚起。 崇求從者不得，因匿坑中，徐乃竊馬奔走。 宿于大澤，有白狼向崇號，崇覺悟，馳隨狼奔，遂免難。 道武異之，命崇立祀，子孫世奉焉。 太和中，追錄功臣，以崇配饗。
Earlier, fleeing Kudu's revolt, Daowu had sent Chong back to gauge loyalties. Chong left his horse with attendants and entered the camp in disguise. Firelight betrayed him; a woman pounding grain recognized him and the rebels leapt up in alarm. Unable to find his men, he hid in a pit, then slowly stole a horse and fled. He spent the night in a great marsh; a white wolf howled at him; taking it as a sign, he galloped after the wolf and escaped. Daowu marveled and ordered a shrine to Chong; descendants have sacrificed there ever since. In the Taihe era, when meritorious subjects were recorded, Chong was granted joint sacrifice.
32
崇長子逐留，以功賜爵零陵侯。 後以罪廢。
Chong's eldest son Zhuliu was enfeoffed Marquis of Lingling for merit. He was later stripped of rank for a crime.
33
子乙，以功賜爵富城公。 卒於侍中，諡曰靜。
His son Yi was enfeoffed Duke of Fucheng for merit. He died as Palace Attendant with the posthumous title Jing.
34
子真，尚長城公主，拜駙馬都尉。 後敕離婚，納文明後姊。 位南部尚書、侍中、卒，諡曰宣。 孝文追思崇勳，令著作郎韓顯宗與真撰定碑文，建于白登山。
His son Zhen married the Princess of Changcheng and became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law. Later an edict forced divorce; he married the Civilized Empress's elder sister. He served as Southern Tribal Grand Chieftain and Palace Attendant and died with the posthumous title Xuan. Emperor Xiaowen, remembering Chong's service, ordered Han Xianzong of the Compilation Bureau and Zhen to draft a stele and set it up on Mount Bai.
35
真子泰，本名石洛，孝文賜名焉。 以功臣子孫，尚章武長公主，拜駙馬都尉，典羽獵四曹事。 後為尚書右僕射、馮翊侯，出為定州刺史。 初，文明太后幽孝文於別室，將謀黜廢，泰切諫乃止。 孝文德之，故寵待隆至。 自陳久病，乞為恆州，許之。
Zhen's son Tai, originally named Shiluo, received his new name from Emperor Xiaowen. As a meritorious scion he married the Princess of Zhangwu Chang, became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law, and oversaw the Four Bureaus of the Imperial Hunt. He later became Right Vice Minister of the Masters of Writing and Marquis of Fufeng, then went out as Governor of Ding Province. When the Civilized Empress first confined Xiaowen apart and plotted to depose him, Tai remonstrated fiercely and she desisted. Xiaowen owed him gratitude and favored him accordingly. He pleaded chronic illness and asked for Heng Province; the request was granted.
36
泰不願遷都，潛圖叛，乃與定州刺史陸睿及安樂侯元隆等，謀推朔州刺史陽平王頤為主。 頤密表其事，帝乃遣任城王澄發並、肆兵討之。 澄先遣書侍御史李煥單騎入代，出其不意。 泰等驚駭，計無所出。 煥曉喻逆徒，示以禍福，於是凶党離心，莫為之用。 泰自度必敗，乃率麾下攻煥郭門，不克。 走出，為人禽送。 孝文幸代，泰等伏誅。
Unwilling to see the capital moved, Tai secretly plotted rebellion with Lu Rui, governor of Ding Province, Yuan Long, Marquis of Anle, and others to make Yi, Prince of Yangping in Shuozhou, their sovereign. Yi reported them in a secret memorial; the emperor sent Prince Cheng of Rencheng with troops from Bing and Si to suppress them. Cheng first sent Li Huan of the Palace Writing Bureau alone on horseback into Dai to catch them off guard. Tai and his party were thrown into panic with no plan left. Huan explained fortune and ruin to the rebels; the plotters lost heart and none would fight for them. Seeing defeat inevitable, Tai led his men against Huan at the outer gate and failed. He fled, was captured, and sent to the capital. Xiaowen came to Dai; Tai and his fellows were executed.
37
子士儒，字叔賢，徙涼州。 後得還，為太尉參軍事。
His son Shiru, styled Shuxian, was relocated to Liang Province. He later returned and served as aide to the Grand Commandant.
38
子子容，少好學，無所不覽。 求天下書，逢即寫錄，所得萬餘卷。 魏末，為兼通直散騎常侍聘梁。 齊受禪，卒于司農卿。
His son Zirong loved learning from youth and read whatever he could find. He sought books across the realm, copying every text he found until he had more than ten thousand scrolls. Late in Wei he served concurrently as Regular Attendant on an embassy to Liang. When Qi took the mandate he died as Minister of the Imperial Granaries.
39
逐留弟觀，字闥拔，襲崇爵。 少以文藝知名。 明元中，位為左衛將軍，綰門下、中書，出納詔命，及訪舊事，未嘗有遺漏。 尚宜陽公主，拜駙馬都尉，位太尉。
Zhuliu's younger brother Guan, styled Tabo, inherited Chong's title. In youth he was known for literary talent. Under Emperor Mingyuan he was Left General of the Guard, oversaw the Gate and Secretariat, issued edicts, and traced precedents without ever losing a detail. He married the Princess of Yiyang, became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law, and rose to Grand Commandant.
40
太武監國，觀為右弼，出則統攝朝政，入則應對左右，事無巨細，皆關決焉。 終日怡怡，無慍色。 勞謙善誘，不以富貴驕人。 泰常八年，暴疾薨，年三十五。 明元親臨其喪，悲動左右。 賜以通身隱起金飾棺，喪禮一依安城王叔孫俊故事。 贈宜都王，諡曰文成。 太武即位，每與群臣談宴，未嘗不歎息殷勤，以為自道武以來，佐命勳臣文武兼濟無及之者。
While Taiwu supervised the realm Guan was his right-hand man: abroad he directed government, at court he answered the heir—nothing large or small escaped his judgment. He remained cheerful all day, never showing anger. He worked hard, stayed modest, and guided others well, never arrogant in wealth or rank. In the eighth year of Taichang he died suddenly of illness at thirty-five. Mingyuan attended his funeral in person and grieved until those around him wept. He was given a coffin of gold with relief over the whole body; rites followed the precedent of Prince Shusun Jun of Ancheng. He was posthumously made Prince of Yidu with the title Wencheng. After Taiwu took the throne he never feasted with his ministers without sighing in praise, saying that since Daowu no founding minister had matched Guan's civil and military gifts.
41
子壽襲爵，尚樂陵公主，拜駙馬都尉。 明敏有父風。 太武愛重之，擢為下大夫。 敷奏機辯，有聲內外。 遷侍中、中書監、領南部尚書，進爵宜都王，加征東大將軍。 壽辭曰：「臣祖崇，先皇之世，屢逢艱危。 幸天贊梁眷，誠心先告，故得效功前朝，流福於後。 昔陳平受賞，歸功無知。 今眷元勳未錄，臣獨奕世受榮，豈惟仰愧古賢，抑亦有虧國典。」 太武嘉之，乃求眷孫，賜爵郡公。
His son Shou inherited the title, married the Princess of Leling, and became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law. Clever and sharp, he had his father's bearing. Taiwu cherished him and promoted him to Lower Grand Master. His memorials and debate were nimble, and his reputation rang inside and outside the court. He became Palace Attendant, Director of the Secretariat, and Southern Tribal Grand Chieftain, was advanced to Prince of Yidu, and named General Who Pacifies the East. Shou declined, saying, "My grandfather Chong, in the former emperor's day, met danger again and again. Heaven favored Liang Juan's loyal warning, so he served the earlier reign and left blessing for later generations. In antiquity Chen Ping took reward yet credited one who knew nothing. Yet Juan's founding service goes unrecorded while I alone inherit glory age after age—should I not blush before the ancients and breach the state's law? Taiwu praised him, sought out Juan's grandson, and enfeoffed him Duke of a commandery.
42
輿駕征涼州，命壽輔景穆，總錄機要，內外聽焉。 次雲中，將濟河，帝別禦靜室，召壽及司徒崔浩、尚書李順，謂壽曰：「蠕蠕吳提與牧犍連和，今聞朕征涼州，必來犯塞。 若伏兵漠南，殄之為易。 牧田訖，可分伏要害，以待虜至； 引使深入，然後擊之。 若違朕指授，為虜侵害，朕還斬卿。 崔浩、李順為證，非虛言也。」 壽信卜筮言，謂賊不來，竟不設備。 吳提果至，京邑大駭。 壽不知所為，欲築西郭門，請景穆避保南山，惠保太后不聽，乃止。 遣司空長孫道生等擊之。 太武還，以無大損傷，故不追咎。
On the Liangzhou campaign the emperor ordered Shou to assist Jingmu and control all confidential affairs; the whole court obeyed him. At Yunzhong, before crossing the river, the emperor withdrew to a quiet room and summoned Shou, Minister Cui Hao, and Li Shun of the Masters of Writing, telling Shou, "Wuti of the Rouran has allied with Mujian; hearing that I march on Liangzhou he will surely raid the frontier. Ambush him south of the desert and destruction will be easy. When the pastures are grazed out, post detachments at the key passes and wait for the enemy; lure them deep, then strike. Disobey my orders and let the barbarians harm the realm—I will behead you on my return. Hao and Shun are witnesses; this is no idle threat. Shou trusted diviners who said the enemy would not come and made no preparations. Wuti came as foretold and the capital was thrown into terror. Shou knew not what to do, proposed sealing the western gate, and asked Jingmu to hold Mount Hui in the south; Empress Huibao refused and he desisted. He sent Minister of Works Changsun Daosheng and others against them. Taiwu returned; as damage was slight he did not punish him.
43
景穆監國，壽與崔浩等輔政。 人皆敬浩，壽獨陵之。 又自恃位任，以人莫己及。 謂其子師曰：「但令吾兒及我，亦足勝人，不須苦教之。」 遇諸父兄弟有如僕隸，夫妻並坐共食，而令諸父餕余。 為時人鄙笑。 薨，贈太尉，諡曰文宣。
When Jingmu supervised the realm Shou assisted government with Cui Hao and others. All honored Hao, but Shou alone looked down on him. He also trusted in rank and office, believing none could equal him. He told his son Shi, "Let my son and me alone surpass others—no need to drill him hard. He treated uncles and brothers like slaves; he and his wife ate together while making uncles take their leftovers. Contemporaries mocked him for it. He died and was posthumously named Grand Commandant with the title Wenzuan.
44
子平國襲爵，尚城陽長公主，拜駙馬都尉、侍中、中書監，為太子四輔。 卒。
His son Pingguo inherited the title, married the Princess of Chengyang, and became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law, Palace Attendant, Director of the Secretariat, and one of the crown prince's four tutors. He died.
45
子伏幹襲，尚濟北公主，拜駙馬都尉。 卒，諡曰康。 無子。
His son Fugan inherited, married the Princess of Jibei, and became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law. He died with the posthumous title Kang. He left no son.
46
伏幹弟羆襲爵，尚新平長公主，拜駙馬都尉、武牢鎮將。 頻以下法致罪，孝文以其勳德之舊，讓而赦之。 轉吐京鎮將，深自克勵。 後改吐京鎮為汾州，仍以羆為刺史。 前吐京太守劉升，在郡甚有威惠，限滿還都，胡人八百餘人詣羆請之。 前定陽令吳平仁亦有恩信，戶增數倍。 羆以吏人懷之，並為表請，孝文皆從焉。 羆既頻薦升等，所部守令，咸自砥礪，威化大行。 州人李軌、郭及祖七百餘人詣闕稱羆恩德。 孝文以羆政和人悅，增秩延限。 後徵為光祿勳，隨例降王為魏郡公。 累遷侍中、中書監。 穆泰之反，罷與潛通，赦後事發，削封為編戶。 卒於家。 宣武時，追贈鎮北將軍、恆州刺史。
Fugan's younger brother Pi inherited the title, married the Princess of Xinping, and became Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law and garrison general of Wulao. He repeatedly broke lesser statutes; Emperor Xiaowen, remembering old service, rebuked him and pardoned him each time. He was made commander of the Tujing garrison and applied himself with strict self-discipline. When the Tujing garrison was reorganized as Fenzhou, Pi remained its governor. Former prefect Liu Sheng had ruled Tujing with authority and kindness; when his term ended and he returned to court, over eight hundred Hu petitioned Pi to bring him back. Former Dingyang magistrate Wu Pingren likewise won trust, and registered households multiplied several times over. Pi, seeing how officials and commoners cherished them, memorialized for both appointments, and Emperor Xiaowen granted each request. Pi's repeated recommendations of Sheng and others spurred every prefect and magistrate under him to sharpen their conduct, and his moral authority transformed the region. Over seven hundred provincials, including Li Gui and Guo Jizu, went to the capital to praise Pi's kindness and virtue. Seeing sound governance and a content populace, Emperor Xiaowen raised Pi's rank and extended his term of office. He was later summoned to be Director of the Imperial Household and, by precedent, reduced from prince to Duke of Weijun. He rose through Attendant-in-Ordinary to Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat. During Mu Tai's rebellion Pi had secretly communicated with the plotters; after an amnesty exposed the affair, his fief was revoked and he was reduced to common registration. He died at home. Under Emperor Xuanwu he was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Hengzhou.
47
羆弟亮，字幼輔，早有風度。 獻文時，起家侍御中散。 尚中山長公主，拜駙馬都尉，封趙郡王。 加侍中，徙封長樂王。
Pi's younger brother Liang, courtesy name Youfu, showed refinement and presence from youth. Under Emperor Xianwen he began his career as Attendant Censor. He married the Princess of Zhongshan, was made Commandant of the Horse Guards, and enfeoffed as Prince of Zhao. He was made Attendant-in-Ordinary and transferred to the princedom of Changle.
48
孝文時，除征南大將軍、領護西戎校尉、仇池鎮將。 宕昌王梁彌機死，子彌博立。 為吐谷渾所逼，來奔仇池。 亮以彌博凶悖，氐羌所棄； 彌機兄子彌承，戎人歸樂，表請納之。 孝文從焉。 於是擊走吐谷渾，立彌承而還。 氐豪楊卜自延興以來，從軍二十一戰，前來鎮將，抑而不聞。 亮表卜為廣業太守，豪右咸悅，境內大安。
Under Emperor Xiaowen he was made General Who Pacifies the South, Colonel Protector of the Western Rong, and commander of the Chouchi garrison. Dangchang king Liang Miji died, and his son Mibo succeeded. Harried by Tuyuhun, Mibo fled to Chouchi for refuge. Liang judged Mibo violent and perverse and abandoned by the Di and Qiang tribes; Miji's nephew Micheng, whom the tribes gladly followed, memorialized asking that he be installed instead. Emperor Xiaowen agreed. He then drove off Tuyuhun, installed Micheng, and withdrew. The Di chieftain Yang Bu had fought in twenty-one campaigns since Yanxing, yet successive garrison commanders had suppressed his record and never reported his merit. Liang memorialized to appoint Bu Grand Warden of Guangye; local magnates were pleased and the region knew great peace.
49
徵為侍中、尚書左僕射。 于時復置司州。 孝文曰：「司州始立，未有寮吏，須立中正，以定選舉。 然中正之任，必須德望兼資。 世祖時，崔浩為冀州中正，長孫嵩為司州中正，可謂得人。 公卿等宜審推舉。」 尚書陸睿舉亮為司州大中正。 後拜司空，參議律令。 例降爵為公。
He was summoned to be Attendant-in-Ordinary and Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. At that time Sizhou was re-established. Emperor Xiaowen said, "Sizhou has only just been founded and lacks staff; we must appoint a Rectifier to govern selection. That office demands both virtue and public standing. Under Emperor Shizu, Cui Hao was Rectifier of Jizhou and Changsun Song Rectifier of Sizhou—true examples of the right choice. You ministers should deliberate and recommend with care. Director Lu Rui recommended Liang as Grand Rectifier of Sizhou. He was later made Minister of Works and helped draft the code of laws. By precedent his title was reduced to duke.
50
時文明太后崩，已過期月，孝文毀瘠猶甚。 亮表請上承金冊遺訓，下稱億兆之心。 時襲輕服，數禦常膳； 修崇郊祠，垂惠咸秩。 詔曰：「苟孝悌之至，無所不通。 今飄風亢旱，時雨不降，實由誠慕未濃，幽顯無感也。」 尋領太子太傅。 時將建太極殿，帝引見群臣于太華殿，曰：「將營殿宇，今欲徙居永樂，以避囂埃。 土木雖復無心，毀之能不悽愴！ 今故臨對卿等，與之取別。 此殿乃高宗所制，爰曆顯祖，逮朕沖年，受位於此。 但事來奪情，將有改制。 仰惟疇昔，唯深悲感。」 亮稽首請稽之卜筮。 又以去歲役作，為功甚多，太廟、明堂，一年便就。 若仍歲頻興，恐人力雕弊。 且材幹新伐，願待餘年。 帝曰：「朕遠覽前王，無不興造。 故有周創業，經建靈台； 洪漢受命，未央是作。 草創之初，猶尚若此； 況朕承累聖之運，屬太平之基，欲及此時，以就大功。 人生定分，修短命也； 蓍蔡雖智，其如命何！ 當委之分，豈假卜筮。」 移禦永樂宮。
Though more than a month had passed since Empress Dowager Wenming's death, Emperor Xiaowen remained wasted with grief. Liang memorialized that the emperor should above honor the golden-book testament and below speak for the hearts of the realm. The emperor then wore light mourning, took ordinary meals again, restored suburban sacrifices, and extended grace throughout the ranks. An edict said, "When filial piety and brotherly duty reach their utmost, nothing remains blocked. Yet fierce winds and drought persist while timely rain withholds itself—because your longing is not yet deep enough for hidden and manifest alike to respond. He soon also became Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. When the Taiji Hall was to be built, the emperor received the ministers at Taihua Hall and said, "We are about to raise new halls and will move to Yongle to escape dust and noise. Though I am no builder at heart, how can tearing them down fail to wring my heart! I have called you here to take leave together. This hall was built by Emperor Gaozong, passed through Emperor Xianzu, and in my tender years I received the throne here. But necessity overrides sentiment, and the design must change. Looking back on those days fills me only with grief. Liang bowed and asked to consult the oracle by tortoise and milfoil. He added that last year's labor had already accomplished much—the Imperial Ancestral Temple and Bright Hall had been finished within a year. "If works are raised year after year, I fear the people will be exhausted." "Fresh timber has only just been cut; let it season a few more years." The emperor said, "I have looked far back at former kings, and none failed to build. When Zhou founded its enterprise it raised the Spirit Terrace; when mighty Han received the Mandate, Weiyang was built. Even at founding they did as much; how much more should I, inheriting many sages' fortune upon an age of great peace, seize this moment to finish the great work! A man's allotted span fixes short life or long; milfoil and tortoise may be wise, but what can they do against fate! What fate entrusts does not wait on divination! He moved his residence to Yongle Palace.
51
後帝臨朝堂，嘗謂亮曰：「三代之禮，日出視朝。 自漢、魏以降，禮儀漸殺。 《晉令》有朔望集公卿於朝堂而論政事，亦無天子親臨之文。 今因卿等日中之集，中前，卿等自論政事； 中後，與卿等共議可否。」 遂命讀奏案，帝親決之。
Later at the Hall of Audience the emperor told Liang, "The Three Dynasties held court as the sun rose. From Han and Wei onward ceremony decayed. Jin ordinances gathered ministers on the first and fifteenth to discuss government, yet never required the Son of Heaven in person. Now that you gather at midday, before noon you shall discuss government among yourselves; after noon I shall deliberate with you what may or may not be done. He then had memorials read aloud and decided them himself.
52
及遷都，加武衛大將軍，以本官董攝中軍事。 帝南伐，以亮錄尚書事，留鎮洛陽。 後帝自小平津氵凡舟幸石濟。 亮諫曰：「漢帝欲乘舟渡渭，廣德將以首血污車輪，帝乃感而就橋。 渭之小水，猶尚若斯，況洪河有不測之慮。」 帝曰：「司空言是也。」 及羆預穆泰反事覺，亮上表自劾，帝優詔還令攝事。 亮固請，久乃許之。 後徙封頓丘郡公，以紹崇爵。
At the capital transfer he was made Grand General of Martial Guards and, retaining his existing posts, oversaw central military affairs. On the southern campaign the emperor put Liang in charge of Masters of Writing affairs and left him to guard Luoyang. Later the emperor took a boat from Xiaoping Ford to Shiji. Liang admonished, "When a Han emperor wished to cross the Wei by boat, Guangde threatened to stain the chariot wheels with his own blood, and the emperor was moved to take the bridge instead. That small stream of the Wei was still so perilous—how much more this great river, with dangers no man can measure! The emperor said, "The Minister of Works is right." When Pi's involvement in Mu Tai's rebellion came to light, Liang memorialized to impeach himself; the emperor answered graciously and ordered him to resume his duties. Liang firmly refused; only after long insistence was permission granted. His fief was later changed to Duke of Dunqiu to continue the ennobled line.
53
宣武即位，拜尚書令、司空公。 薨，宣武親臨小斂，贈太尉，諡曰匡。
At Emperor Xuanwu's accession he was made Director of the Masters of Writing and Minister of Works. He died; Emperor Xuanwu personally attended the lesser obsequies, posthumously made him Grand Commandant with the posthumous title Kuang.
54
子紹，字永業，尚琅邪長公主，拜駙馬都尉。 歷位秘書監、侍中、衛將軍、太常卿、中書令、七兵殿中二尚書。 遭所生憂，免，居喪以孝聞。 又曆衛大將軍、中書監、侍中，領本邑中正。
His son Shao, courtesy name Yongye, married the Princess of Langye and was made Commandant of the Horse Guards. He served in turn as Director of the Secretariat, Attendant-in-Ordinary, General of the Guards, Minister of Ceremonies, Director of the Palace Secretariat, and both Directors of the Seven Arms Hall. When his birth mother died he left office; his mourning conduct won renown for filial piety. He later returned as Grand General of the Guards, Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat, Attendant-in-Ordinary, and Rectifier of his native commandery.
55
紹無他才能，而資性方重，罕接賓客，稀造人門。 領軍元叉當權薰灼，曾往紹宅，紹迎送下階而已。 時人歎尚之。 及靈太后欲黜叉，猶豫未決，紹贊成之。 以功加特進、侍中。 元順與紹同直，嘗因醉入寢所。 紹擁被而起，正色讓順曰：「老身二十年侍中，與卿先君亟連職事，縱卿後進，何宜相排突也！」 遂謝事還家，詔喻乃起。 除侍中，托疾未起，故免河陰之害。
Shao had no special talent, but his nature was square and grave; he rarely received guests and seldom crossed another man's threshold. When Commander Yuan Cha's power blazed, he once visited Shao's house; Shao merely met him at the gate and saw him down the steps. Contemporaries admired him for it. When Empress Dowager Ling wished to depose Cha but hesitated, Shao urged her to act. For this service he received special advancement and Attendant-in-Ordinary. Yuan Shun shared duty with Shao; once, drunk, he entered Shao's sleeping quarters. Shao threw off his quilt and rose, sternly reproaching him: "I have been Attendant-in-Ordinary twenty years and served repeatedly with your late father; though you are junior in rank, how dare you crowd and affront me! He thereupon resigned and went home; only when an edict admonished him did he return to office. He was again made Attendant-in-Ordinary but pleaded illness and did not take up the post, and so escaped the massacre at Heyin.
56
莊帝立，爾硃榮征之。 紹以為必死，哭辭家廟。 及見榮，捧手不拜。 榮亦矯意禮之，顧謂人曰：「穆紹不虛作大家兒。」 車駕入宮，尋授尚書令、司空，進爵為王，給班劍四十人，仍加侍中。 時河南尹李獎往詣紹。 獎以紹郡人，謂必致敬。 紹又恃封邑是獎國主，匡坐待之，不為動膝。 獎憚其位望，致拜而還。 議者兩譏焉。 未幾，降王，復本爵。
When Emperor Zhuang was enthroned, Erzhu Rong summoned him. Shao believed he would surely die and wept farewell before the family shrine. Meeting Rong, he clasped his hands and did not bow. Rong likewise affected courtesy and said to those around him, "Mu Shao does not falsely bear the name of a great house. When the emperor entered the palace he was soon made Director of the Masters of Writing and Minister of Works, advanced to prince, granted forty halberds of the imperial guard, and retained Attendant-in-Ordinary. At that time Li Jiang, Governor of Henan, went to call on Shao. Jiang, as Shao's fellow townsman, expected a bow in return. Shao also relied on his fief being Jiang's sovereign state and sat upright awaiting him without rising. Jiang, fearing his rank and standing, bowed and withdrew. Observers reproached them both. Before long he was reduced from princely rank and restored to his former title.
57
普泰元年，除驃騎大將軍、開府、青州刺史，加都督。 未行而薨，贈大將軍、尚書令、太保，諡曰文獻。
In the first year of Putai he was made General of Agile Cavalry, Opener of the Government, and Inspector of Qingzhou with overall command. He died before setting out and was posthumously made Grand General, Director of the Masters of Writing, and Grand Guardian with the posthumous title Wenxian.
58
子長嵩，字子嶽，襲爵，位光祿少卿。
His son Changsong, courtesy name Ziyue, inherited the fief and served as Vice Director of the Imperial Household.
59
平國弟正國，尚長樂公主，拜駙馬都尉。
Pingguo's younger brother Zhengguo married the Princess of Changle and was made Commandant of the Horse Guards.
60
正國子平城，早卒。 孝文時，始平公主薨于宮，追贈平城駙馬都尉，與公主冥婚。
Zhengguo's son Pingcheng died young. Under Emperor Xiaowen, when the Princess of Shiping died in the palace, Pingcheng was posthumously made Commandant of the Horse Guards and given a posthumous marriage with her.
61
壽弟多侯，封長寧子，位司衛監。 文成崩，乙渾專權，召司徒陸麗。 麗時在溫湯療疾，多侯謂曰：「渾有無君心。 大王，眾所望也，去必危。 宜徐歸而圖之。」 麗不從，遂為渾害。 多侯亦見殺。
Shou's younger brother Duohou was enfeoffed as Marquis of Changning and served as Supervisor of the Palace Guards. When Emperor Wencheng died, Yi Hun seized power and summoned Minister of Works Lu Li. Li was then taking the waters for illness; Duohou told him, "Hun harbors treason against his sovereign. Your Highness is whom the realm looks to; if you go you will surely be in peril. Return slowly and plot against him. Li did not listen and was killed by Hun. Duohou was killed as well.
62
觀弟翰，平原鎮將、西海王。 薨。
Guan's younger brother Han was garrison commander of Pingyuan and Prince of Xihai. He died.
63
子龍兒襲爵，降為公。 卒。
His son Long'er inherited the fief and was reduced to duke. He died.
64
子弼，有風格，善自位置，涉獵經史，與長孫承業、陸希道等齊名。 然而矜己陵物，頗以此損焉。 孝文定氏族，欲以弼為國子助教，弼辭以為屈。 帝曰：「朕欲敦勵胄子，屈卿先之。 白玉投泥，豈能相汙！」 弼曰：「既遇明時，恥沈泥滓。」 會司州牧咸陽王禧入。 帝曰：「朕與卿作州督，舉一主簿。」 即命弼謁之。 因為帝所知。 宣武初，為廣平王懷國郎中令，數有匡諫之益。 除中書舍人，卒于華州刺史，諡曰懿。
His son Bi had style and presence, knew his place, ranged through the classics and histories, and stood equal in renown with Changsun Chengye, Lu Xidao, and others. Yet he prized himself and looked down on others, and suffered for it. When Emperor Xiaowen fixed the clans he wished to make Bi Assistant Director of the Imperial Academy; Bi declined as beneath his station. The emperor said, "I wish to encourage the sons of the nobility; I humble you to go first. White jade cast in mud cannot be stained! Bi said, "In a bright age I would be ashamed to sink in the mire." Just then Prince of Xianyang Wang Xi entered. The emperor said, "I appoint you and the prince provincial overseers; choose one chief clerk. He immediately ordered Bi to pay his respects to the prince. Thus he came to the emperor's notice. At the beginning of Emperor Xuanwu's reign he was Director of the Household of Prince of Guangping Huai and often offered useful corrective counsel. He was made Palace Secretariat Attendant and died as Inspector of Huazhou with the posthumous title Yi.
65
翰弟顗，有才力。 以侍御郎從太武征赫連昌。 勇冠一時，賜爵泥陽子，拜司衛監。 從太武由崞山，有虎突出，顗搏而獲之。 帝歎曰：「《詩》云：'有力如虎'，顗乃過之！」 後從征白龍，討蠕蠕，以功進爵建安公。 後拜殿中尚書，出鎮涼州。 還，加散騎常侍、領太倉尚書。 文成時，為征西大將軍，督諸軍西征吐谷渾。 坐擊賊不進，免官爵，徙邊。 文成以顗著勳前朝，徵為內都大官。 卒，贈征西大將軍、建安王，諡曰康。 子寄生襲。
Han's younger brother Yan had talent and strength. As Attendant Cavalry he followed Emperor Taiwu against Helian Chang. His courage led the age; he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Niyang and made Supervisor of the Palace Guards. Later, following Emperor Taiwu from Mount Guo, a tiger burst out and Yan wrestled it down. The emperor exclaimed, "The Odes say, 'Strong as a tiger'—Yan surpasses even that! He later campaigned at Bailong and against the Rouran and, for merit, was advanced to Duke of Jian'an. He was later made Director of the Palace Secretariat and sent to garrison Liangzhou. On his return he was made Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and concurrent Director of the Imperial Granary. Under Emperor Wencheng he was General Who Pacifies the West and commanded the western expedition against Tuyuhun. Because he failed to press the attack, he was stripped of office and rank and banished to the frontier. Emperor Wencheng, remembering Yan's merit under the former emperor, recalled him as Grand Inner Custodian. He died and was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the West and Prince of Jian'an with the posthumous title Kang. His son Jisheng inherited.
66
崇宗人醜善，道武初，率部歸附，與崇同心戮力，捍禦左右。 拜天部大人，居東蕃。
Chong's clansman Choushan, at the beginning of Emperor Daowu, led his division to submit and, with Chong, fought side by side in defense of the throne. He was appointed Grandee of the Heavenly Division and dwelt in the eastern quarter.
67
子莫提，從平中原，位相州刺史、假陵陽侯。 其子孫位亦通顯。
His son Moti followed in pacifying the Central Plains and held Inspector of Xiangzhou with acting rank as Marquis of Lingyang. His descendants likewise rose to illustrious office.
68
奚斤，代人也，世典馬牧。 父簞。 有寵于昭成皇帝。 時國有良馬曰騶駠，一夜忽逸。 後知南部大人劉庫仁所盜，養於窟室。 簞聞而馳往取馬，庫仁以國甥恃寵，慚而逆擊簞，簞捽其發落，傷其一乳。 及符堅使庫仁與衛辰分領國部，簞懼，遂奔衛辰。 及道武滅衛辰，簞晚乃得歸，故名位後於舊臣。
Xi Jin was a man of Dai; his family had for generations managed the imperial horse herds. His father was Dan. He enjoyed favor under Emperor Zhaocheng. At that time the state owned a fine horse called Zouliu; one night it suddenly bolted. It was later learned that Southern Division Grandee Liu Kuren had stolen it and hidden it in a cave dwelling. Dan heard and galloped to reclaim the horse; Kuren, the emperor's nephew-in-law relying on favor, struck back in shame; Dan seized his hair and tore it out, wounding one nipple. When Fu Jian sent Kuren and Wei Chen to divide leadership of the tribes, Dan fled in fear to Wei Chen. When Emperor Daowu destroyed Wei Chen, Dan returned only late, and therefore his rank fell behind the old ministers.
69
斤機辯有識度。 登國初，與長孫肥等俱統禁兵。 後以為侍郎，親近左右。 從征慕容寶於參合。 皇始初，拜越騎校尉，典宿衛禁旅。 車駕還京師，博陵、勃海、章武諸郡群盜並起，斤與略陽西元遵等討平之。 從征，破高車諸部。 又破庫狄、宥連部，徙其別部諸落于塞南。 又進擊侯莫陳部，至大峨穀，置戍而還。 遷都水使者，出為晉兵將軍、幽州刺史，賜爵山陽侯。
Jin was quick-witted and discerning. At the beginning of Dengguo he, with Changsun Fei and others, jointly commanded the forbidden troops. He was later made Attendant and served close at the emperor's side. He followed the campaign against Murong Bao at Canhe. At the beginning of Huangshi he was made Colonel of Valiant Cavalry and managed the night guards and forbidden brigades. When the emperor returned to the capital, bandits rose in Boling, Bohai, and Zhangwu; Jin, with Xi Yuanzun of Lueyang and others, suppressed them. He followed campaigns and broke the Gaoche tribes. He again broke the Kudi and Youlian tribes and moved their separate settlements south of the passes. He advanced again against the Houmochen, reached Da'e Valley, set a garrison, and withdrew. He was transferred to Commissioner of the Imperial Waterways, sent out as General of Jin Troops and Inspector of Youzhou, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Shanyang.
70
明元即位，為鄭兵將軍。 詔以斤世忠孝，贈其父簞長寧子。 明元幸雲中，斤留守京師。 昌黎王慕容伯兒謀反，斤召入天安殿東廡下，誅之。 詔與南平公長孫嵩等俱坐朝堂，錄決囚徒。 明元大閱於東郊。 講武，以斤行左丞相，大蒐于石會山。 車駕西巡，詔斤先驅，討越勒部于鹿那山，大破之。 又詔斤與長孫嵩等八人坐止車門左，聽理萬機。 拜天部大人，進爵為公。 命斤出入乘軺軒，備威儀導從。
When Emperor Mingyuan took the throne, he was General of Zheng Troops. An edict noted that Jin's family had been loyal and filial for generations and posthumously enfeoffed his father Dan as Marquis of Changning. When Emperor Mingyuan visited Yunzhong, Jin remained to guard the capital. Prince of Changli Murong Bo'er plotted rebellion; Jin summoned him to the eastern wing of Tian'an Hall and executed him. An edict ordered him, with Duke of Nanping Changsun Song and others, to sit in the Hall of Audience and decide criminal cases. Emperor Mingyuan held a great military review at the eastern suburb. At the martial exercises Jin acted as Left Chancellor; a great hunt was held at Mount Shihui. On the western tour an edict ordered Jin ahead as vanguard to attack the Yuele at Mount Lu'na, routing them decisively. Another edict seated Jin with Changsun Song and eight others to the left of the stopping-chariot gate to hear and decide the myriad affairs of state. He was appointed Grandee of the Heavenly Division and advanced to duke. He was ordered to enter and leave in a light carriage with full guard and attendants.
71
太武之為皇太子，臨朝聽政，以斤為左輔。 宋廢主義符立，其國內離阻。 乃遣斤收河南地，假斤節，都督前鋒諸軍事、司空、晉兵大將軍、行揚州刺史。 率吳兵將軍公孫表等南征。 用表計攻滑台，不拔，求濟師。 帝怒其不先略地，切責之。 乃親南巡，次中山，斤自滑台趣洛陽，長驅至武牢，遂平兗、豫諸郡。 還圍武牢。 及武牢潰，斤置守宰以撫之。 自魏初大將行兵，唯長孫嵩拒宋武，斤征河南，獨給漏刻及十二牙旗。
When Emperor Taiwu was crown prince and held court, Jin was made Left Assistant. When Song's deposed ruler Yifu was restored, that realm was inwardly divided and obstructed. Jin was then sent to recover lands south of the Yellow River with credentials, overall command of the vanguard, the post of Minister of Works, Grand General of Jin Troops, and acting Inspector of Yangzhou. He led General of Wu Troops Gongsun Biao and others south. Following Biao's plan he attacked Huatai but could not take it and requested reinforcements. The emperor, angry that he had not first seized territory, sharply reproached him. He then toured south in person, halting at Zhongshan; Jin pressed from Huatai toward Luoyang, driving hard to Wulao, and pacified Yan and Yu commanderies. He returned to besiege Wulao. When Wulao fell, Jin set garrison officials to pacify the region. Since the founding of Wei, when great generals took the field only Changsun Song had resisted Song Wu; when Jin campaigned in Henan he alone received water clocks and the twelve yak-tail banners.
72
太武即位，進爵宜城王，仍為司空。 太武征赫連昌，遣斤率義兵將軍封禮等襲蒲阪。 斤又西據長城，秦、雍氐羌皆來歸附。 斤與赫連定相持，累戰破定。 定聞昌敗，走上邽。 斤追至雍，不及而還。 詔斤班師，斤請因其危平之，乃進討安定。 昌退保平涼，斤屯軍安定，以糧竭馬死，深壘自固。 監軍侍御史安頡擊昌，禽之。 昌眾復立昌弟定為主，守平涼。 斤恥以元帥而禽昌之功更不在己，乃舍輜重，追定於平涼。 定眾將出，會一小將有罪，亡入賊，具告其實。 定知斤軍無糧乏水，乃邀斤前後。 斤眾大潰，斤及將娥清、劉拔為定所禽。 後太武克平涼，斤等得歸。 免為宰人，使負酒食從駕還京師以辱之。 尋拜安東將軍，降爵為公。 太延初，為衛尉，改為恆農王。 後為萬騎大將軍。 太武議伐涼州，斤等三十餘人議以為不可，帝不從。 涼州平，以戰功賜僮隸七十戶。 又以斤元老，賜安車，平決獄訟，諮訪朝政。
When Emperor Taiwu took the throne, Jin was advanced to Prince of Yicheng while retaining Minister of Works. Campaigning against Helian Chang, the emperor sent Jin to lead General of Righteous Troops Feng Li and others in a surprise attack on Puban. Jin again held the Long Wall in the west, and the Di and Qiang of Qin and Yong all submitted. Jin stood in stalemate with Helian Ding, repeatedly fighting and defeating him. When Ding heard Chang had been defeated, he fled to Shanggui. Jin pursued to Yong but could not overtake him and withdrew. An edict ordered withdrawal; Jin asked to exploit their peril and pacify them, and advanced on Anding. Chang retreated to defend Pingliang; Jin encamped at Anding; when grain ran out and horses died, he fortified deeply and held firm. Supervising Army Attendant Censor An Gu attacked Chang and captured him. Chang's troops then made his younger brother Ding master and defended Pingliang. Jin was ashamed that as commander-in-chief the capture of Chang was not his merit; he abandoned baggage and pursued Ding at Pingliang. Ding's troops were about to sally when a minor officer guilty of a fault fled to the enemy and told all. Learning that Jin's army lacked grain and water, Ding intercepted him front and rear. Jin's army was routed; Jin and his generals E Qing and Liu Ba were captured by Ding. Later, when Emperor Taiwu took Pingliang, Jin and the others were released and returned. He was demoted to palace cook and made to carry wine and food behind the imperial carriage back to the capital as a public shame. He was soon made General Who Pacifies the East and reduced to duke. At the beginning of Taiyan he was Commandant of the Guards and made Prince of Hengnong. He later became Grand General of Ten Thousand Cavalry. When Emperor Taiwu deliberated attacking Liangzhou, Jin and more than thirty others argued against it; the emperor overruled them. When Liangzhou fell, he was rewarded with seventy households of bond servants for battle merit. As an elder of the founding age he was also given a comfort carriage, authority to decide lawsuits, and a voice in court government.
73
斤聰辯強識，善於談論，遠說先朝故事，雖未皆是，時有所得，聽者歎美之。 每議大政，多見從用，朝廷稱焉。 真君九年，薨，時年八十九。 太武親臨哀慟，諡曰昭王。 斤有數十婦，子男二十餘人。
Clever, argumentative, and retentive, Jin was skilled in discourse; recounting former-dynasty affairs he did not always get things right, yet often struck home, and listeners marveled. Whenever great affairs of state were debated, his counsel was often followed, and the court praised him. In the ninth year of Zhenjun he died at eighty-nine. Emperor Taiwu came in person to mourn him deeply and gave him the posthumous title Zhao. Jin had several dozen wives and more than twenty sons.
74
長子他觀襲爵。 太武曰：「斤西征之敗，國有常刑。 以其佐命先朝，故復其爵秩，將收孟明之效。 今斤終其天年，君臣之分全矣。」 於是降他觀爵為公。 傳國至孫緒，無子，國除。 太和中，孝文追錄先朝功臣，以斤配饗廟庭。 宣武繼絕世，以緒弟子監紹其後。
His eldest son Taguan inherited the fief. Emperor Taiwu said, "Jin's defeat on the western expedition carried the state's regular penalty. Because he aided the Mandate under the former emperor, his rank and office were restored, intending to reap the redemption of Meng Ming. Now Jin has ended his natural span, and the distinction of ruler and minister stands complete. Taguan's title was thereupon reduced to duke. The fief passed to his grandson Xu; Xu had no heir and the line was abolished. In the Taihe era Emperor Xiaowen recorded the meritorious ministers of former reigns and granted Jin a share in the temple sacrifices. Emperor Xuanwu continued the extinguished line by making Xu's nephew Jian heir to the house.
75
叔孫建，代人也。 父骨，為昭成母王太后所養，與皇子同列。 建少以智通著稱。 道武之幸賀蘭部，常從左右。 登國初，為外朝大人，與安同等十三人迭典庶事，參軍國之謀。 隨秦王觚使慕容垂，曆六載乃還。 累遷中領軍，賜爵安平公，出為并州刺史。 後以公事免，守鄴城園。
Shusun Jian was a man of Dai. His father Gu was reared by Empress Dowager Wang, mother of Emperor Zhaocheng, and ranked with the imperial sons. Jian was famed from youth for penetrating intelligence. When Emperor Daowu visited the Helan tribe he constantly attended him. At the beginning of Dengguo he was Outer Court Grandee; with An Tong and twelve others he took turns managing routine affairs and advised on state strategy. He followed Prince of Qin Gu as envoy to Murong Chui and was away six years before returning. He rose to Central Camp Commander, was enfeoffed as Duke of Ping'an, and sent out as Inspector of Bingzhou. He was later dismissed over a public matter and guarded the Ye city gardens.
76
明元即位，念前功，以為正直將軍、相州刺史。 饑胡劉武等聚黨叛。 明元假建前號、安平公，督公孫表等以討武。 斬首萬餘級，餘眾奔走，投沚水死，水為不流。
When Emperor Mingyuan took the throne, remembering his former service, he was made General of Uprightness and Inspector of Xiangzhou. Starving Hu led by Liu Wu gathered factions and rebelled. Emperor Mingyuan restored Jian's former title as Duke of Ping'an and ordered Gongsun Biao and others to attack Wu. More than ten thousand heads were taken; the rest fled into the Zhi River and drowned until the water ceased to flow.
77
晉將劉裕伐姚泓，令其部將王仲德為前鋒，將逼滑台。 兗州刺史尉建率所部棄城濟河。 仲德遂入滑台，乃宣言曰：「晉本意欲以布帛七萬匹假道于魏，不謂魏之守將便爾棄城。」 明元聞之，詔建度河曜威，斬尉建，投其屍於河。 呼仲德軍人與語，詰其侵境之狀。
Jin general Liu Yu attacked Yao Hong and sent his subordinate Wang Zhongde as vanguard against Huatai. Inspector of Yanzhou Wei Jian led his forces to abandon the city and cross the river. Zhongde entered Huatai and proclaimed, "Jin meant only to borrow passage with seventy thousand bolts of cloth and silk from Wei—not expecting Wei's commander to abandon the city at once. When Emperor Mingyuan heard, he ordered Jian to cross the river and display Wei power, executed Wei Jian, and cast his corpse into the river. He summoned Zhongde's soldiers, questioned them, and rebuked their border violation.
78
尋遷廣阿鎮將，威名甚著。 久之，除使持節、都督前鋒諸軍事、楚兵將軍、徐州刺史。 率眾自平原濟河，徇下青、兗諸郡。 遂東入青州，圍宋刺史竺夔于東陽城。 宋遣將檀道濟、王仲德救夔，建不克而還。 以功賜爵壽光公。 與汝陰公長孫道生濟河而南，仲德等自清入濟，東走青州。 太武以建威名南震，為宋所憚，除平原鎮大將，封丹楊王，加征南大將軍。
He was soon transferred to garrison commander of Guang'a, where his martial renown was great. After long service he was made Bearer of the Staff, Commander-in-Chief of the Vanguard, General of Chu Troops, and Inspector of Xuzhou. He led troops across the river from Pingyuan and swept the commanderies of Qing and Yan. He then entered Qingzhou and besieged Song inspector Zhu Kui at Dongyang. Song sent Tan Daoji and Wang Zhongde to relieve Kui; Jian failed to take the city and withdrew. For merit he was enfeoffed as Duke of Shouguang. With Duke of Ruyin Changsun Daosheng he crossed south; Zhongde and others entered Ji from Qing and fled east toward Qingzhou. Emperor Taiwu, because Jian's name shook the south and Song feared him, made him Grand General of the Pingyuan Garrison, Prince of Danyang, and General Who Pacifies the South.
79
先是，簡幽、易以南戍兵集於河上，一道討洛陽，一道攻滑台。 宋將檀道濟、王仲德救滑台。 建與汝陰公道生拒擊之。 建分軍挾戰，縱輕騎邀其前後，焚燒穀草以絕其糧道。 道濟兵饑，叛者相繼。 由是安頡等得拔滑台。
Earlier, frontier troops south of You and Yi had been gathered on the river—one column to strike Luoyang, one Huatai. Song generals Tan Daoji and Wang Zhongde marched to relieve Huatai. Jian and Duke of Ruyin Daosheng met and repulsed them. Jian divided his forces for flanking attacks, sent light cavalry to harry front and rear, and burned grain and fodder to sever their supply line. Daoji's army starved; deserters followed one after another. Thus An Gu and the others were able to lift the siege of Huatai.
80
建沈敏多智，東西征伐，常為謀主，容貌清整，號曰嚴明。 又雅尚人倫，禮賢愛士。 在平原十餘年，綏懷內外，甚得邊稱。 魏初名將，鮮有及之。 南方憚其威略，青、兗輟不為寇。 太延三年，薨，時年七十三，諡曰襄，賜葬金陵。
Deep, keen, and full of stratagems, Jian was constantly chief planner in eastern and western campaigns; clear in bearing, he was styled Severe and Bright. He also valued human relations, honored the worthy, and loved scholars. At Pingyuan for more than ten years he soothed subjects within and without and won high praise on the frontier. Among Wei's early famed generals, few could match him. The south feared his stratagems, and Qing and Yan long ceased their raids. In the third year of Taiyan he died at seventy-three with the posthumous title Xiang and burial at Jinling.
81
初，俊卒，明元命其妻桓氏曰：「夫生既共榮，沒宜同穴，能殉葬者，可任意。」 桓氏乃縊，遂合葬焉。
Earlier, when Jun died, Emperor Mingyuan told his wife Lady Huan, "In life you shared glory; in death you should share one tomb—whoever will follow him in burial may choose freely. Lady Huan strangled herself and they were buried together.
82
俊既為安城公，俊弟鄰襲父爵，降為丹楊公，位尚書令、涼州鎮大將。 與鎮副將奚牧，並以貴戚子弟，競貪財貨，遂相糾，坐誅。
Jun having been Duke of Ancheng, his younger brother Lin inherited their father's fief, was reduced to Duke of Danyang, and served as Director of the Masters of Writing and Grand General of the Liangzhou Garrison. He and garrison deputy Xi Mu, both noble kinsmen, vied in greed for wealth, denounced each other, and were executed.
83
安同，遼東胡人也。 其先祖曰世高，漢時以安息王侍子入洛。 曆魏至晉，避亂遼東，遂家焉。 父屈，仕慕容痈。 痈為苻堅所滅，屈友人公孫眷妹沒入苻氏宮，出賜劉庫仁為妻，庫仁貴寵之。 同隨眷商販，見道武有濟世才，遂留奉侍。 性端嚴明惠，好長者之言。 登國初，道武徵兵于慕容垂，同頻使稱旨。 為外朝大人，與和跋等出入禁中，迭典庶事。
An Tong was a man of the Hu of Liaodong. His remote ancestor Shigao entered Luoyang in Han times as the attendant son of the King of Parthia. Through Wei and Jin, fleeing turmoil, he settled in Liaodong. His father Qu served Murong Yong. When Yong fell to Fu Jian, Qu's friend Gongsun Juan's younger sister was taken into Fu Jian's palace and later given to Liu Kuren as wife; Kuren favored her deeply. Tong followed Juan in trade, saw in Emperor Daowu the talent to save the age, and remained to serve him. Upright, severe, bright, and discerning, he loved the counsel of elders. At the beginning of Dengguo, when Emperor Daowu raised troops from Murong Chui, Tong repeatedly went as envoy and pleased him. He was Outer Court Grandee; with He Ba and others he moved within the forbidden precincts, taking turns managing routine affairs.
84
從征姚平于柴壁，姚興悉眾救平，同進計曰：「汾東有蒙坑，東西三百餘里，徑路不通。 姚興來，必從汾西，乘高臨下，直至柴壁，如此則寇內外勢接。 宜截汾為南北浮橋，乘西岸築圍。 西圍既固，賊至無所施其智力矣。」 從之。 興果視平屠滅而不能救。 以謀功，賜爵北新侯。
Campaigning against Yao Ping at Chaibi, when Yao Xing mustered all his forces to rescue Ping, Tong proposed, "East of the Fen lies Meng Pit, more than three hundred li across with no path through. When Yao Xing comes he will surely take the west bank, hold the high ground, and strike straight for Chaibi—then enemy within and without will join strength. Cut the Fen with north and south floating bridges and build a rampart on the west bank. Once the western rampart stands firm, the enemy will have nowhere to deploy his stratagems. They followed his plan. Xing indeed watched Ping destroyed and could not save him. For this stratagem he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Beixin.
85
太武監國，臨朝聽政，以同為左輔。 及即位，進爵高陽公，冀青二州刺史。 同長子屈，明元時，典太倉事，盜官粳米數石，欲以養親。 同大怒，求戮屈，自劾不能訓子。 帝嘉而恕之，遂詔長給米。 同在官明察，長於校閱，家法修整，為世所稱。 及在冀州，年老，頗殖財貨，大興寺塔，為百姓所苦。 卒，贈高陽王，諡曰恭惠。
When Emperor Taiwu supervised the state and held court, Tong was made Left Assistant. At his accession Tong was advanced to Duke of Gaoyang and governed Ji and Qing. Tong's eldest son Qu, under Emperor Mingyuan, managed the Imperial Granary; he stole several piculs of official rice to support his parents. Tong was furious, asked to execute Qu, and impeached himself for failing to instruct his son. The emperor praised his integrity and pardoned Qu, then ordered rice supplied in perpetuity. In office Tong was bright in perception and skilled at audit; his household rules were strict, and the age praised him. In Jizhou, old in years, he amassed wealth and raised temple towers on a grand scale, to the people's suffering. He died and was posthumously made Prince of Gaoyang with the posthumous title Gonghui.
86
屈弟原，雅性矜嚴，沈勇多智略。 明元時，為獵郎，出監雲中軍事。 時赫連屈丐犯河西，原以數十騎擊之，殺十餘人。 帝以原輕敵，違節度，加罪。 然知原驍勇，遂任以為將，鎮雲中。 蠕蠕犯塞，原輒破之，以功賜爵武原侯，加魯兵將軍。
Qu's younger brother Yuan was elegant, stern, reserved, deeply courageous, and full of stratagems. Under Emperor Mingyuan he was Hunt Officer and supervised Yunzhong military affairs. When Helian Qubuqin invaded Hexi, Yuan with several dozen horsemen struck him and killed more than ten of his men. The emperor punished him for treating the enemy lightly and violating command. Yet knowing Yuan's fierceness, he then entrusted him as general at Yunzhong. When the Rouran invaded the frontier Yuan repeatedly routed them and, for merit, was made Marquis of Wuyuan and General of Lu Troops.
87
弟頡，辯慧多策略，最有父風。 明元初，為內侍長，令察舉百寮，糾刺奸慝，無所回避。 嘗告其父陰事，帝以為忠，特親寵之。
His younger brother Yan was eloquent, discerning, and strategic, most in his father's manner. At the beginning of Emperor Mingyuan he was Chief Inner Attendant, ordered to inspect the hundred offices and impeach wickedness without sparing anyone. He once reported his father's private misconduct; the emperor deemed this loyalty and favored him especially.
88
宜城王奚斤自長安追赫連昌至安定，頡為監軍侍御史。 斤以馬多疫死，士眾乏糧，乃築壘自固。 遣太僕丘堆等督租於人間，為昌所敗。 昌遂驕矜，日來侵掠。 頡曰：「等死，當戰死！ 寧可坐受囚乎？」 斤猶以馬死為辭。 頡乃陰與尉眷等謀，選騎焉。 昌來攻壘，頡出應之，昌馬蹶而墜。 頡禽昌送京師，賜爵西平公，代堆統攝諸軍。
When Prince of Yicheng Xi Jin pursued Helian Chang from Chang'an to Anding, Yan was Supervising Army Attendant Censor. Jin, with plague killing many horses and grain running short, fortified deeply and held firm. He sent Grand Master of the Stud Qiu Dui and others to levy grain among the people; Chang defeated them. Chang then grew arrogant and came daily to raid and plunder. Ji said, "We all face death—let it be in battle! Would you rather sit here and be taken prisoner? Jin still pleaded the epidemic among the horses. Ji secretly conspired with Wei Juan and the rest and picked out cavalry. Chang attacked the fort; Ji rode out to meet him, and Chang's horse stumbled and threw him. Ji seized Chang and sent him to the capital, was made Duke of Xiping, and replaced Qiu Dui as commander of the armies.
89
赫連定將復入長安，詔頡鎮蒲阪以拒之。 宋將到彥之寇河南以援定，列守南岸，至於衡關。 太武西征定，以頡為冠軍將軍，督諸軍擊彥之。 遂濟河，攻洛陽，拔之。 進攻武牢，武牢潰。 又與琅邪王司馬楚之平滑台，禽宋將硃修之、李元德及東郡太守申謨。 乃振旅還京師，進爵為王。 卒，諡曰襄。 頡為將善綏士眾，及卒，宋士卒降者無不嘆惜。
As Helian Ding prepared to retake Chang'an, Ji was ordered to hold Puban against him. Song's Dao Yanzhi invaded Henan in Ding's support and lined the south bank with garrisons as far as Heng Pass. Emperor Taiwu marched west against Ding and made Ji Champion General to command the attack on Yanzhi. He crossed the Yellow River, stormed Luoyang, and took it. He pressed Wulao until its defenses gave way. With Prince of Langye Sima Chuzhi he pacified Pingtai and took the Song generals Zhu Xiuzhi and Li Yuande and Dongjun's administrator Shen Mo. He led the army home and was raised to princely rank. He died and was posthumously titled Xiang. Ji knew how to steady his men; at his death not one surrendered Song soldier failed to mourn him.
90
庾業延，代人也，後賜名嶽。 其父及兄和辰世典畜牧，稍轉中部大人。 昭成崩，苻氏內侮，事難之間，收斂畜產，富擬國君。 劉顯謀逆，道武外幸，和辰奉獻明太后歸道武，又得其資用。 以和辰為內侍長。 和辰分別公私舊畜，頗不會旨，道武由是恨之。 岳獨恭慎修謹，善處危難之間，道武嘉之。 與王建等俱為外朝大人，參預軍國。 從平中原，拜安遠將軍。
Yu Yeyan of Dai was later granted the name Yue. His father and elder brother Hechen had long overseen the royal herds and rose to Grand Chief of the Central Tribes. At Zhaocheng's death, as Former Qin stirred within, he amassed herds in the turmoil until his wealth rivaled a prince's. When Liu Xian rebelled, Hechen brought Empress Dowager Xianming to Daowu on his western tour and furnished supplies. Hechen was made Chief Palace Attendant. Hechen's sorting of old public and private herds missed the mark, and Daowu came to hate him. Yue alone was respectful and steady in crisis; Daowu praised him. He joined Wang Jian and others as senior ministers of the outer court in military and civil counsel. After the Central Plains were pacified he was made General Who Pacifies the Distance.
91
官軍之警于柏肆也，賀蘭部帥附力眷、紇突鄰部帥匿物尼、紇奚部帥叱奴根等聞之，反于陰館。 南安西元順討之，不克，詔嶽。 討破離石叛胡帥呼延鐵、西河叛胡帥張崇等。 以功賜爵西昌公，遷鄴行台。 岳為將有謀略，士眾服其智勇，名冠諸將。 及罷鄴行台，以所統六郡置相州，即拜岳為刺史。 秉法平當，百姓稱之。 鄴舊有圓池，時果初熟，丞吏送之，嶽不受，曰：「果未進禦，吾何得先食！」 其謹如此。 遷司空。
When the army was checked at Baixi, Helan Fuli Juan, Getuolin Niwuni, and Hexi Chinugen rebelled at Yinguan. Nan'an's Western Pacification General Yuan Shun failed to crush them, and Yue was summoned. He broke the Lishi rebel Hu leader Huyan Tie, the Xihe rebel Hu leader Zhang Chong, and others. For merit he was made Duke of Xichang and moved to the Ye Field Secretariat. As a commander he was resourceful; men followed his wit and courage, and his name topped the generals. When the Ye Field Secretariat was dissolved, his six commanderies became Xiang Province and he was made its governor. He applied the law evenly, and the people praised him. Ye had an old round pond; when the first fruit ripened, clerks brought him some. Yue refused: "Fruit not yet sent to the palace—how should I taste it first? So scrupulous was he. He was made Minister of Works.
92
岳兄子路，有罪，諸父兄弟悉誅，特赦岳父子。 候官告嶽衣服鮮麗，行止風采擬儀人君。 遇道武不豫，多所猜忌，遂誅之。 時人咸冤惜焉。
His nephew's son Lu offended; every uncle and brother was put to death, yet Yue and his son alone were spared. Inspectors reported Yue's dress too fine and his bearing princely. Daowu, ill and suspicious, had him executed. All who knew him called it injustice and grieved.
93
嶽葬在代西善無界。 後太武征赫連氏，經其墓宅，愴然改容，遂下詔為立廟，令一川之人，四時致祭。 求其子孫任為帥者，得其子陵。 從征有功，聽襲爵。
He was buried west of Shanyang in Dai. Later Taiwu, campaigning against the Helian, passed his tomb, grieved, ordered a temple built, and commanded the valley to sacrifice each season. He sought a descendant to lead the line and found his son Ling. Ling served with merit and was allowed to inherit the title.
94
王建，廣寧人也。 祖姑為平文後，生昭成皇帝。 伯祖豐，以帝舅貴重。 豐子支，尚昭成女，甚見親待。 建少尚公主。 登國初，為外朝大人。 與和跋等十三人迭典庶事，參與計謀。 道武遣使慕容垂，建辭色高亢，垂壯之。 還為左大夫。 建兄回，時為大夫，諸子多不慎法，建具以狀聞，回父子伏誅。 其訐直如此。
Wang Jian was from Guangning. His grandfather's sister was consort to Emperor Pingwen and bore Emperor Zhaocheng. His grand-uncle Feng, the emperor's uncle by marriage, stood in high honor. Feng's son Zhi married a daughter of Zhaocheng and was held close. Jian in youth married a princess. At the state's founding he was a senior minister of the outer court. With He Ba and twelve others he rotated through daily affairs and state counsel. Daowu sent him to Murong Chui; Jian spoke boldly and Chui admired him. On his return he was made Left Grand Master. His brother Hui was a grand master; Hui's sons broke the law, and Jian reported them—Hui and his sons were executed. So blunt was his uprightness.
95
從征伐諸國，破二十餘部。 又從征衛辰，破之。 為中部大人。 破慕容寶於參合，帝乘勝將席捲南夏。 於是簡擇俘眾，有才能者留之； 其餘欲悉給衣糧遣歸，令中州之人咸知恩德。 建以為寶覆敗於此，國內空虛，獲而歸之，縱敵生患，不如殺之。 帝曰：「若從建言，非伐罪吊人之義。」 諸將咸以建言為然。 建又固執，乃坑之。 帝既而悔焉。
In campaigns he broke more than twenty tribal states. He followed the campaign against Wei Chen and defeated him. He was made Grand Chief of the Central Tribes. Bao was crushed at Canhe; the emperor meant to sweep the south in pursuit. Captives with talent were kept; the rest were to be clothed, fed, and sent home so the central lands would know Wei's mercy. Jian argued that Bao's realm was hollow, and mercy would breed enemies—they should be killed. The emperor said, "That would betray the war of punishment and comfort. The generals sided with Jian. Jian pressed again, and they were buried alive. The emperor soon regretted it.
96
并州既平，車駕出井陘，次常山。 諸郡皆降，唯中山、鄴、信都三城不下。 乃遣衛王儀南攻鄴，建攻信都等城。 建等攻城六十餘日，不能克，士卒多傷。 帝自中山幸信都，降之。 車駕幸钜鹿，破寶眾于柏肆塢，遂圍中山。 寶棄城走和龍，城內無主，將夜入乘勝據守其門。 建貪而無謀，意在虜獲。 恐士卒肆掠，盜亂府庫，請候天明，帝乃止。 是夜，徒何人共立慕容普驎為主，遂閉門固守。 帝乃悉眾攻之，使人登巢車臨城，招其眾。 皆曰：「但恐如參合之眾，故求全月日命耳。」 帝聞之，顧視建而唾其面。
Bingzhou pacified, the court passed Jingxing and halted at Changshan. Every commandery submitted save Zhongshan, Ye, and Xindu. Prince of Wei Yi attacked Ye; Jian besieged Xindu and the rest. Sixty days of siege failed; casualties mounted. The emperor came from Zhongshan to Xindu and it yielded. At Julu he broke Bao at Baixi Stockade and besieged Zhongshan. Bao fled to Helong; the city was headless, and the generals meant to rush the gates by night. Jian, greedy and planless, thought only of loot. Fearing looting of the treasuries, he begged to wait for dawn; the emperor held the army. That night refugees made Murong Pulin ruler and barred the gates. He assaulted in force, sent men up siege towers to call the city in. They answered, "We fear the fate of Canhe and beg only to live out the month. Hearing this, the emperor turned and spat in Jian's face.
97
中山平，賜建爵濮陽公。 遷太僕，徙真定公，加散騎常侍、冀青二州刺史。 卒，陪葬金陵。
Zhongshan fell; Jian was made Duke of Puyang. He became Grand Master of the Herds, then Duke of Zhending, Regular Attendant, and governor of Ji and Qing. He died and was buried with honor at Jinling.
98
羅結，代人也。 其先世領部落，為魏附臣。 劉顯之逆，結從道武幸賀蘭部。 後賜爵屈蛇侯。 太武初，累遷侍中、外都大官，總三十六曹事。 年一百七歲，精爽不衰。 太武以其忠愨，甚信待之。 監典後宮，出入臥內，因除長秋卿。 年一百一十，詔聽歸老。 賜大寧東川為私第別業。 並為築城，即號曰羅侯城。 朝廷每有大事，驛馬詢問焉。 年一百二十，卒，諡曰貞。
Luo Jie was from Dai. His line had led their tribe as Wei subjects for generations. At Liu Xian's revolt Jie followed Daowu to the Helan. He was later made Marquis of Qushe. Early in Taiwu he rose to Palace Attendant and Grand Officer of the Outer Capital over thirty-six bureaus. At one hundred seven his mind was still clear. Taiwu trusted him deeply for his loyalty. He oversaw the inner palace, went in and out of the royal bedchamber, and was made Director of the Palace Harem. At one hundred ten he was allowed to retire. Great Ning and Eastern River were granted as his private estate. A city was built for him, called Luo Marquis City. On great affairs of state a courier was sent to ask his counsel. At one hundred twenty he died, posthumous name Zhen.
99
子斤，從太武討赫連昌，力戰有功，歷位四部尚書。 從平涼州，以功賜爵帶方公，除長安鎮都大將。 會蠕蠕侵境，除柔玄鎮都大將。 卒，諡曰靜，陪葬金陵。
His son Jin campaigned against Helian Chang with fierce merit and rose to Director of the Four Bureaus. After Liangzhou was pacified he was made Duke of Daifang and Grand General of Chang'an Garrison. When the Rouran raided the border he was made Grand General of Rouxuan Garrison. He died, posthumous name Jing, and was buried with honor at Jinling.
100
子敢襲爵，位庫部尚書。 卒，子伊利襲。
His son Gan inherited the title and became Director of the Storehouse Bureau. He died; his son Yili inherited.
101
子真襲，降爵為公。
His son Zhen inherited and was reduced from marquis to duke.
102
真弟大拔，封钜鹿子。
Zhen's younger brother Daba was made Baron of Julu.
103
大拔孫寶，字道成，性淳樸，好讀書。 明帝時，仕至朔州刺史。 時邊事屢興，人多流散。 及寶至，稍安集之。 殘壞舊宅，皆命葺構； 人歸繼路，歲考為天下最。
Daba's grandson Bao, styled Daocheng, was plain, honest, and fond of books. Under Emperor Ming he rose to governor of Shuozhou. Border wars drove many into flight. When Bao arrived he gradually gathered and settled them. Ruined houses he ordered rebuilt; refugees returned in streams, and his yearly rating ranked first in the realm.
104
後隨大都督源子邕討擊葛榮。 王師敗績。 寶囚于榮軍，變姓名，匿于戎伍，以免害。 久之。 賊中有朔州人識寶者，謂寶曰：「使君寧自苦至此？」 遂將詣榮。 笑曰：「婁公，吾方圖事，何相見之晚！」 因顧謂人曰：「此公行善，天道報之，得免亂兵，即其驗也。」 寶遇逃者，密啟賊形勢，規為內應。 天子感其壯志，召寶第二子景賢，授員外散騎常侍郎。 葛榮滅，寶始得還。
Later he followed Grand Commander Yuan Ziyong against Ge Rong. The imperial army was routed. Bao was taken by Rong's army; he changed his name, hid among the ranks, and survived. A long time passed. A Shuozhou man among the rebels knew him and said, "My lord, must you suffer so? They took him to Rong. Rong laughed: "Master Lou, I am plotting great things—how late you come! He told his men, "This man does good; heaven spared him from the mob—that is proof." Bao secretly sent word on rebel strength through fugitives and plotted as an inside man. The emperor, moved by his courage, summoned Bao's second son Jingxian and made him Supernumerary Regular Attendant. When Ge Rong fell, Bao at last came home.
105
永安中，除假員外散騎常侍，使蠕蠕。 先是，蠕蠕稱籓上表，後以中州不競，書為敵國之儀。 寶責之。 蠕蠕主大驚，自知惡，謝曰：「此作書人誤。」 遂更稱籓。
In Yongan he was made Acting Supernumerary Regular Attendant and sent to the Rouran. The Rouran had once submitted as vassals, but later, seeing the central lands in turmoil, wrote as to an equal enemy. Bao rebuked them. The Rouran ruler was alarmed, confessed fault, and said the letter was a clerk's mistake. They again styled themselves vassals.
106
孝武帝立，敕寶與行台長孫子彥鎮恆農。 後從入關，封廣甯縣伯。 大統元年，詔領著作郎，監修國史事，別封平城縣子。 後授國子祭酒、侍中，進儀同三司，兼太子太傅，攝東宮詹事。 寶為人清簡少言，頗諳舊事。 位曆師傅，守靖謙恭，以此為人所敬。 後行涇州事，卒於州。
When Emperor Xiaowu rose, Bao and Field Secretariat Chief Zhangsun Ziyan were ordered to hold Hengnong. He followed the court into Guanzhong and was made Baron of Guangning. In Datong 1 he was put over the Director of Literature to oversee the national history and enfeoffed Baron of Pingcheng. Later he became Director of the National University, Palace Attendant, Pillar of State, Tutor of the Crown Prince, and acting Supervisor of the Eastern Palace. Bao was spare of speech, pure in manner, and versed in precedent. He held the posts of a teacher and kept quiet respect, and men honored him. Later he administered Jing Province and died there.
107
閭大肥，蠕蠕人也。 道武時歸魏，尚華陽公主，賜爵其思子。 與弟並為上賓，入八議。 明元即位，為內都大官，進爵為侯。 宜城王奚斤之攻武牢，大肥與娥清領十二軍出中道。 太武初，復與奚斤出雲中白道討大檀，破之。 後從討赫連昌，以功授榮陽公。 公主薨，復尚護澤公主。 太武將拜大肥為王，遇疾卒。
Lu Dafei was a Rouran. In Daowu's time he submitted to Wei, married Princess Huayang, and was made Baron of Qisi. He and his brother became senior guests and entered the Eight Deliberations. When Mingyuan took the throne he was made Grand Officer of the Inner Capital and raised to marquis. When Prince of Yicheng Xi Jin attacked Wulao, Dafei and E Qing led twelve armies on the center road. Early in Taiwu he again marched with Xi Jin from Yunzhong by the White Road against Da Tan and defeated him. He followed the campaign against Helian Chang and was made Duke of Xingyang. When his princess died he married Princess Huzhe. Taiwu was about to make him a king when illness took him.
108
奚牧，代人也。 重厚有智謀，道武寵遇之，稱曰仲兄。 初，劉顯害帝，梁眷知之，潛使牧與穆崇至七個山以告。 帝錄先帝舊臣，又以牧告顯功，使敷奏政事，參與計謀。 從征慕容寶，以功拜并州刺史，賜爵任城公。 州與姚興接界，興頗寇邊。 牧乃與興書，稱頓首，均禮抗之，責興侵邊不直之意。 興以與國和通，恨之，有言于道武，道武戮之。
Xi Mu was from Dai. Steady and resourceful, Daowu favored him and called him Second Brother. When Liu Xian harmed the emperor, Liang Juan knew and secretly sent Mu with Mu Chong to Seven Mountains to warn Daowu. Daowu honored old service and, for Mu's warning of Xian, set him to memorials and counsel. Against Murong Bao he was made governor of Bingzhou and Duke of Rencheng. Bingzhou bordered Yao Xing, who often raided. Mu wrote Xing, bowing his head in form yet matching him in rank, and rebuked his raids. Xing, wanting peace, complained to Daowu, and Daowu had Mu executed.
109
和跋，代人也。 世領部落，為魏附臣。 至跋，以才辯知名。 道武擢為外朝大人，參軍國大謀，雅有智算，賜爵日南公。 從平中原，以功進為尚書，鎮鄴。 以破慕容德軍，改封定陵公。 與常山王遵討賀蘭部別帥木易千，破之。 出為平原太守。 道武寵跋于諸將。 群臣皆敦尚恭儉，而跋好修虛譽，炫曜于時。 性尤奢淫，帝戒之不革。 後車駕北狩豺山，收跋，刑之路側。 妻劉氏自殺以從。 初將刑跋，道武命其諸弟毗等視訣。 跋謂毗曰：「氵壘北地瘠，可居水南，就耕良田，廣為產業，各相勸勵。」 令之背己，曰：「汝曹何忍視吾之死！」 毗等解其微意，詐稱使者，奔長安。 道武誅其家。
He Ba was from Dai. His line had led their tribe as Wei subjects for generations. In Ba's time he was famed for eloquence and wit. Daowu made him a senior outer-court minister in great counsel; he was enfeoffed Duke of Rinan. After the Central Plains were pacified he became Director of the Imperial Secretariat and held Ye. For breaking Murong De's army he was re-enfeoffed Duke of Dingling. With Prince of Changshan Zun he defeated the Helan splinter chief Muyiqian. He went out as administrator of Pingyuan. Daowu favored Ba above other generals. Ministers prized frugality; Ba courted empty fame and dazzled his age. He was extravagant; the emperor warned him in vain. Later, on a northern hunt at Mount Shi, Ba was seized and executed by the road. His wife Lady Liu killed herself to follow. Before the execution Daowu ordered his brothers Pi and others to witness his farewell. Ba told Pi, "North of the Luo the land is poor—settle south of the river, till good fields, and build your estates. Turning away he cried, "How can you bear to watch me die! Pi and the others read his hint, pretended to be envoys, and fled to Chang'an. Daowu exterminated his family.
110
後太武幸豺山校獵，忽暴霧四塞，怪問之。 群下僉言跋世居此，祠塚猶存，或者能致斯變。 帝遣建興公古弼祭以三牲，霧即除。 後太武蒐狩之日，每先遣祭之。
Later Taiwu hunted at Mount Shi; sudden fog closed every side, and he asked why. All said Ba had lived there and his tomb still stood—perhaps he caused it. The emperor sent Duke of Jianxing Gu Bi with the triple offering; the fog lifted. Afterward, on every hunt, Taiwu first sent sacrifice to Ba.
111
莫題，代人也。 多智，有才用。 初為幢將，領禁兵。 道武之征慕容寶，寶夜犯營，軍人驚駭。 遂有亡還京師者，言官軍敗于柏肆。 京師不安，南安西元順因欲攝國事。 題曰：「大事不可輕爾，不然，禍將及矣！」 順乃止。 後封高邑公。 窟咄寇南鄙，題時貳於帝，遺箭於窟咄，謂之曰：「三歲犢豈勝重載！」 言窟咄長而帝少也。 帝既銜之，後有告題居處倨傲，擬則人主。 帝乃使人示之箭，告之曰：「三歲犢能勝重載不？」 題奉昭，父子對泣。 詰朝，乃刑之。
Mo Ti was from Dai. He was clever and capable. At first he was a standard-bearer general over the guard. When Daowu campaigned against Murong Bao, Bao raided the camp by night and the army panicked. Some fled to the capital reporting defeat at Baixi. The capital shook; Nan'an's Yuan Shun meant to seize power. Ti said, "Great affairs are not to be seized lightly—or disaster follows! Shun then stopped. He was later made Duke of Gaoyi. When Kudou raided the south, Ti, then disloyal, sent him an arrow: "Can a three-year calf bear a heavy load? He meant Kudou was grown and the emperor young. The emperor remembered; later someone reported Ti's arrogance and princely bearing. The emperor showed him the arrow and asked, "Can a three-year calf bear a heavy load? Ti took the edict; father and son wept together. At the next audience he was executed.
112
賀狄幹，代人也。 家本小族，世忠厚，為將以平當稱。 稍遷北部大人。 登國初，與長孫嵩為對。 明于聽察，為人愛敬。 道武遣狄幹致馬千匹，結婚于姚萇。 會萇死，興立，因止狄幹而絕婚。 興弟平寇平陽，道武討平之，禽其將狄伯支、唐小方等四十餘人。 後興以駿馬千匹贖伯支，而遣狄幹還，帝許之。 幹在長安，因習讀書史，通《論語》、《尚書》諸經，舉止風流，有似儒者。 初，帝普封功臣，狄幹雖為姚興所留，遙賜狄幹爵襄武侯，加秦兵將軍。 及狄幹至，帝見其言語衣服類中國，以為慕而習之，故忿焉，既而殺之。
He Digan was from Dai. His clan was small and for generations honest; as a commander he was famed for fairness. He rose to Grand Chief of the Northern Tribes. At the state's founding he was paired with Zhangsun Song. Keen of ear and judgment, he was loved and respected. Daowu sent Digan with a thousand horses to seal marriage with Yao Chang. Chang died; Xing detained Digan and broke the match. Xing's brother Pingkou held Pingyang; Daowu defeated him and took Di Bozhi, Tang Xiaofang, and forty more. Later Xing offered a thousand horses for Bozhi and returned Digan; the emperor agreed. In Chang'an he studied histories and the Analects and Documents; his bearing grew elegant, like a scholar's. When merit was rewarded, though Xing still held him, Digan was enfeoffed from afar as Marquis of Xiangwu and General of Qin Troops. When Digan returned, the emperor saw his speech and dress like the central lands, thought him a mimic, grew angry, and killed him.
113
李栗，雁門人也。 昭成時，父祖入北。 栗少辯捷，有才能兼將略。 初隨道武幸賀蘭部，愛其藝能。 時王業草創，爪牙心腹，多任親近，唯栗一介遠寄，兼非戚舊。 數有戰功，拜左軍將軍。 栗性簡慢，矜寵，不率禮度。 每在道武前舒放倨傲，不自祗肅，笑唾任情。 道武即其宿過誅之。 於是威嚴始厲，制勒群下盡卑謙之禮，自栗始也。
Li Li was from Yanmen. In Zhaocheng's time his father and grandfather came north. Li in youth was quick and eloquent, gifted in arms as well as wit. At first he followed Daowu to the Helan; Daowu loved his skill. The realm was newly forged; intimates were kin—only Li was posted far away, no marriage tie to the throne. Repeated merit made him General of the Left Army. Li was blunt and proud of favor and scorned ritual. Before Daowu he lounged insolent, laughing and spitting at will. Daowu seized his old offenses and executed him. From Li onward majesty grew stern and the court learned humility.
114
奚眷，代人也。 少有將略。 道武世，有戰功。 明元時，為武牢鎮將，為寇所憚。 太武時，賜爵南陽公。 及征蠕蠕，眷以都曹尚書督偏將出別道。 詔會鹿渾海，眷與中山王辰等諸大將俱後期，斬于都南，爵除。
Xi Juan was from Dai. In youth he had military stratagem. Under Daowu he won battle merit. Under Mingyuan he held Wulao; raiders feared him. Under Taiwu he was made Duke of Nanyang. Campaigning against the Rouran, Juan as Director of the Capital Bureau led detached columns on a separate road. Ordered to meet at Luhun Sea, Juan, Prince of Zhongshan Chen, and other great generals were all late; he was beheaded south of the capital and his title struck.
115
論曰：帝王之興，雖則天命，經綸所說，咸藉股肱。 神元、桓、穆之際，王跡未顯，操、含托身馳驟之秋，自立功名之地，可謂志識之士矣。 而劉庫仁兄弟忠以為心，盛衰不二。 純節所存，其意蓋遠，而並貽非命，惜乎！ 尉真兄弟忠勇奮發，義以忘生。 眷威略著時，增隆家業。 穆崇夙奉龍顏，早著誠款，遂膺寵眷，位極台司。 至乃身豫逆謀，卒蒙全護，從享於廟，抑亦尚功。 世載公卿，弈弈青紫，盛矣！ 奚斤世稱忠孝，征伐有克。 平涼之役，師殲身虜，雖敗崤之責已赦，封屍之效靡立，而恩禮隆渥，沒祀廟廷。 叔孫建少展誠勤，終著庸伐，臨邊有術，威震夷楚。 俊委節明元，義彰顛沛，察硃提之變，有日磾之風，加以柔而能正，見美朝野。 安同異類之人，智識入用，任等時俊，當有由哉！ 頡禽赫連昌，摧宋氏眾，遂為名將，未易輕也。 庾業延見紀危難之中，受事草創之際，智勇既申，功名尤舉，而不免傾覆，蓋亦其命。 王建位遇既高，訐以求直，參合之役，不其罪歟！ 羅結枝附葉從，子孫榮祿。 婁伏連、閭大肥並征代著績，策名前代。 奚牧、和跋、莫題、賀狄幹、李栗、奚眷有忠勤征伐之效，不能以功名自卑，俱至誅夷，亦各其命也。
The commentators say: Emperors rise by heaven's mandate, yet every classic teaches they lean on worthy arms. In the age of Shenyuan and Huan and Mu the throne was still dim; in the rush of founding, men of resolve carved their own merit. Yet Liu Kuren and his brother held loyalty through rise and fall. Their purity aimed far; both died untimely—pity! Wei Zhen and his brothers were loyal and brave, righteousness making them forget life. Juan's renown in arms enlarged his house. Mu Chong long served the throne, showed early loyalty, and rose to the secretariat's peak. He even joined treason yet was spared and shared the temple rites—merit still counted. Generation on generation of ministers in purple and blue—how grand! Xi Jin was called loyal and filial for generations and won his battles. At Pingliang his army was lost and he was captured; though Yao's blame was pardoned and his corpse never came home, rites and favor were lavish and he was honored in the temple. Shusun Jian showed early loyalty and earned lasting service; on the frontier his method shook Yi and Chu. Jun kept faith under Mingyuan in hardship; reading Zhuti's change, he had Jin Midi's spirit—soft yet upright, praised in court and field. An Tong, of alien stock, yet his wit was used and his rank matched the age's best—no accident! Ji seized Helian Chang and broke Song's armies—a general not lightly matched. Yu Yeyan shone in peril and founding; wit and courage, merit and name—yet ruin took him; fate, perhaps. Wang Jian stood high; he sought uprightness by accusation—at Canhe, was the crime not his? Luo Jie's line clung to power; sons and grandsons fed on rank. Lou Fulian and Lu Dafei both won fame in Dai and left names to earlier ages. Xi Mu, He Ba, Mo Ti, He Digan, Li Li, and Xi Juan served loyally in war yet would not bow before fame—all were executed; each had his fate.