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長孫嵩長孫道生長孫肥
Volume 22 Biographies 10: Zhangsun Song, Zhangsun Daosheng, Zhangsun Fei
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列傳第十
Biographies 10
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長孫嵩
Zhangsun Song
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長孫嵩，代人也。 父仁，昭成時為南部大人。 嵩寬雅有器度，昭成賜名焉。 年十四，代父統事。 昭成末年，諸部乖亂，苻堅使劉庫仁攝國事，嵩與元他等率部眾歸之。
Zhangsun Song came from Dai. His father Ren served as Southern Tribal Elder under Emperor Zhaocheng. Song was magnanimous and dignified; Zhaocheng gave him the name Song. At fourteen he took his father's place in command. Late in Zhaocheng's reign the tribes were in turmoil; Fu Jian sent Liu Kuren to govern the realm, and Song with Yuan Ta and others brought their people to join him.
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劉顯之謀難也，嵩率舊人及庶師七百餘家叛顯走。 將至五原，時寔君之子渥亦聚眾自立，嵩欲歸之。 見於烏渥，稱逆父之子，勸嵩歸道武。 嵩未決，烏渥回其牛首，嵩僶俛從之，見道武於二漢亭。 道武以為南部大人，累著軍功。 後從征中山，除冀州刺史，賜爵钜鹿公。 曆侍中、司徒、相州刺史，封南平公。 所在著稱。 明元即位，山陽侯奚斤、北新侯安同、白馬侯崔宏等八人坐止車門右，聽理萬機，故世號八公。
When Liu Xian turned traitor, Song led his veterans and the Shushi, over seven hundred households, to break with Xian and escape. Near Wuyuan, Prince Shi's son Wo had raised troops and declared himself leader; Song meant to go to him. He met Wu Wo, who denounced Wo as a rebel against his father and urged Song to submit to Daowu. Song hesitated; Wu Wo turned his ox homeward, and Song bowed and went along, meeting Daowu at Erhan Pavilion. Daowu appointed him Southern Tribal Elder, and he won repeated distinction in the field. He later joined the attack on Zhongshan, was made Governor of Ji Province, and enfeoffed as Duke of Julu. In succession he was Palace Attendant, Minister of Works, and Governor of Xiang Province, and was raised to Duke of Nanping. In every post he earned praise. When Mingyuan succeeded, Xi Jin of Shanyang, An Tong of Beixin, Cui Hong of Baima, and five others sat at the right of the Stop-the-Carriage Gate and governed affairs; the age called them the Eight Dukes.
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晉將劉裕之伐姚泓，明元假嵩節，督山東諸軍事，傅詣平原，緣河北岸列軍，次於畔城。 軍頗失利。 詔假裕道。 裕於舟中望嵩麾蓋，遺以酃酒及江南食物。 嵩皆送京師。 詔嵩厚答之。 又敕簡精兵為戰備，若裕西過者，便率精銳，南出彭、沛； 如不時過，但引軍隨之。 彼至崤、陝間，必與姚泓相持，一死一傷，眾力疲弊。 比及秋月，徐乃乘之，則裕首可不戰而縣。 於是叔孫建等。 尋河趣洛，遂入關。 嵩與建等自城皋南濟，晉諸屯戍皆望塵奔潰。 裕克長安，嵩乃班師。
When Liu Yu of Jin marched against Yao Hong, Mingyuan gave Song command authority over the eastern armies; he reached Pingyuan and lined his forces along the north bank of the Yellow River, camping at Pancheng. The campaign met reverses. The court issued an edict granting Liu Yu free passage. Liu Yu, aboard ship, sighted Song's standards and sent Ling wine and southern delicacies. Song forwarded everything to the capital. The emperor ordered Song to reply in kind. He further ordered elite troops held in readiness: if Yu marched west, Song was to drive crack units south through Peng and Pei; if Yu did not pass promptly, he was merely to trail him with his army. When Yu reached the ground between Xiao and Shan he would surely grapple with Yao Hong; one side would perish and one be crippled, and both armies exhausted. Come autumn one could strike at ease, and Liu Yu's head might be taken without fighting. Thereupon Sunsun Jian and others were sent. They advanced along the river toward Luoyang and entered the passes. Song and Jian crossed south from Chenggao; Jin border posts broke and ran at their dust. After Yu seized Chang'an, Song marched home.
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明元寢疾，問後事於嵩。 嵩曰：「立長則順，以德則人服。 今長皇子賢而世嫡，天所命也，請立。」 乃定策，詔太武臨朝監國，嵩為左輔。
Mingyuan, on his sickbed, asked Song about the succession. Song said, "To set up the eldest son is to follow order; to choose by virtue is to win obedience. The eldest imperial son is worthy and the rightful heir; Heaven has chosen him. I beg that he be enthroned." The decision was made; Taiwu was ordered to preside at court and oversee the realm, with Song as his left-hand counselor.
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太武即位，進爵北平王、司州中正。 詔問公卿：「赫連、蠕蠕，征討何先？」 嵩與平陽王長孫翰、司空奚斤等曰：「赫連土居，未能為患。 蠕蠕世為邊害，宜先討大檀。 及則收其畜產，足以富國； 不及則校獵陰山，多殺禽獸，皮肉筋角以充軍實，亦愈於破一小國。」 太常崔浩曰：「大檀遷徙鳥逝，疾追則不足經久，大眾則不能及之。 赫連屈丐土宇不過千里，其刑政殘害，人神所棄，宜先討之。」 尚書劉潔、武京侯安原請先平馮跋。 帝默然，遂西巡狩。 後聞屈丐死，關中大亂，議欲征之。 嵩等曰：「彼若城守，以逸待勞。 大檀聞之，乘虛而寇，危道也。」 帝乃問幽征于天師寇謙之。 勸行，杜超之贊成，崔浩又言西伐利。 嵩等固諫不可，帝大怒，責嵩在官貪污，使武士頓辱。 尋遷太尉。 久之，加柱國大將軍。 自是輿駕征伐。 嵩以元老，多留鎮京師，坐朝堂平斷刑獄。 薨，年八十，諡曰宣王。 後孝文追錄先朝功臣，以嵩配饗廟庭。
When Taiwu succeeded, Song was raised to Prince of Beiping and made Director of the Right for Si Province. The emperor asked his ministers, "Helian and Rouran—which should we attack first?" Song, the Prince of Pingyang Zhangsun Han, and Minister of Works Xi Jin said, "Helian sits on settled ground and is not yet a great danger. Rouran has long plagued the frontier; Datan should be attacked first. If we catch him in time we can take his herds and enrich the treasury; if not, we can hunt Yin Mountain, slaughter game, and stock the army with meat, hides, sinew, and horn—better still than wasting force on a small realm." Minister of Ceremonies Cui Hao said, "Datan moves like a fleeing bird; hot pursuit cannot last, and a mass army cannot catch him. Helian Qubugai holds less than a thousand li; his laws are savage and men and gods have abandoned him—strike him first." Director Liu Jie and Marquis of Wujing An Yuan urged pacifying Feng Ba first. The emperor said nothing and went west on inspection. Later, when word came that Qubugai was dead and Guanzhong in chaos, the court debated a western campaign. Song and others said, "If they shut their walls and wait while we tire ourselves, Datan will hear and strike our emptiness—that road is perilous." The emperor then consulted the Celestial Master Kou Qianzhi. Qianzhi urged action; Du Chao agreed; Cui Hao again pressed the gains of a western war. Song and others protested that it must not be done; the emperor raged, charged Song with corruption, and had guards shame him before the court. He was soon made Grand Commandant. In time he was also made Pillar of State and Grand General. After that, whenever the emperor marched out, Song as a senior pillar mostly stayed to guard the capital, presiding in court to decide criminal suits. He died at eighty; his posthumous name was Xuan. Later Xiaowen honored founders of earlier reigns and granted Song joint offerings in the imperial temple.
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子頹，善騎射，彎弓三百斤。 襲爵，加侍中、征南大將軍。 有罪黜為戍兵。 後復爵。 薨，諡曰安王。
His son Tui excelled in horsemanship and archery and could bend a three-hundred-jin bow. He inherited the rank and was made Palace Attendant and General Who Pacifies the South. For a crime he was reduced to garrison duty. His title was later restored. He died; his posthumous name was An.
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子敦，字孝友，位北鎮都將。 坐黷貨，降為公。 孝文時，自訟先世勳重，復其王爵。 薨。 諡簡王。
His son Dun, styled Xiaoyou, became Northern Garrison Commander-in-Chief. For corruption he was demoted from prince to duke. Under Xiaowen he argued that his ancestors' service was great and recovered his princely title. He died. His posthumous name was Jian.
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子道，字念僧，襲爵。 久之，隨例降為公，位左衛將軍。 卒，諡慎。
His son Dao, styled Nianseng, succeeded to the title. In time, by the usual rule, he was demoted to duke and made Left Guards General. He died; his posthumous name was Shen.
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子悅，襲爵。 建義初，復本王爵，尋降為公，位光祿少卿。 卒，贈司空。
His son Yue inherited the title. At the opening of Jianyi he regained his princely rank; soon he was again demoted to duke and made Vice Director of the Imperial Household. He died and was posthumously made Minister of Works.
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五世孫儉
Fifth-generation descendant Jian
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嵩五世孫儉，仕周知名。 儉，本名慶明。 曾祖地汾，安東將軍、臨川公。 祖酌，恆州刺史。 父戫，員外散騎侍郎，早卒。
Song's fifth-generation descendant Jian won fame serving the Zhou. Jian had originally been named Qingming. His great-grandfather Difen was General Who Pacifies the East and Duke of Linchuan. His grandfather Zhuo was Governor of Heng Province. His father Yi was Outer Gentleman Attendant at the Palace Library and died young.
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儉方正有操行，神彩嚴肅，雖在私室，終日儼然。 性不妄交，非其同志，雖貴遊造門，亦不與相見。 太昌中，邊方騷動，儉初假東夏州防城大都督，從爾硃天光破宿勤明達等，以功賜爵索盧侯。 周文臨夏州，以為錄事參軍事，深敬器之。 及賀拔岳被害，周文赴平涼，凡有經綸謀策，儉皆參預。 從平侯莫陳悅，留儉為秦州長史、防城大都督，委以後事，別封信都縣伯。 渭州刺史可硃渾元奔東魏後，河渭間人情離阻。 刺史李弼令儉權鎮渭州。 儉將十餘騎冒難赴之。 復隨機安撫，羌胡悅服。 轉夏州刺史。 甚得人和。 時西夏州仍未內屬，而東魏遣許和為刺史。 儉以信義招之，和乃歸附。 即以儉為西夏州刺史，總統三夏州諸軍事。
Jian was upright and principled, grave in manner; even at home he sat in formal bearing all day. He made no casual friendships; unless they shared his principles, even grandees at his door went unseen. In the Taichang era, when the border stirred, Jian was first Acting Grand Commander for Defense of East Xia Province; he followed Erzhu Tianhe in defeating Su Qin Mingda and was enfeoffed Marquis of Suolu. When Zhou Wen arrived at Xia Province he made Jian Recording Secretary and held him in high regard. After Heba Yue was slain, Zhou Wen went to Pingliang; on every plan for rule Jian was consulted. After Hou Mo Chen Yue was pacified, Jian was left Chief Administrator of Qin and Grand Commander for Defense, entrusted with the rear, and enfeoffed Baron of Xindu. When Wei Governor Kezhu Hunyuan fled to Eastern Wei, loyalty between the Yellow and Wei rivers frayed. Governor Li Bi put Jian in temporary charge of Wei Province. Jian rode out with a dozen men through danger to reach it. He then pacified as the moment required; Qiang and Hu submitted willingly. He was transferred to Governor of Xia Province. He won deep goodwill among the people. Western Xia Province had not yet joined the realm; Eastern Wei sent Xu He as its governor. Jian won him with faith and duty; He then came over. He was immediately made Governor of Western Xia and supreme commander of the three Xia provinces.
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荊襄初附，周文表授儉都督三荊等十二州諸軍事、荊州刺史、東南道行台僕射。 所部鄭縣令泉璨為百姓所訟，推按獲實。 儉即大集寮屬，遂於査事前引己過，肉袒自罰，舍璨不問。 於是屬城肅勵，莫敢犯法。 魏文帝璽書勞之。 周文又與儉書曰：「近聞公部內縣令有罪，遂自杖三十，用肅群下，聞之嘉歎良久不可言。」 儉清正率下，兼懷仁恕。 有竊盜者，原情得實，誨而放之。 荊蠻舊俗，少不敬長。 儉殷勤勸導，風俗大革。 務廣耕桑，兼習武事，故邊境無虞，人安其業。 吏人表請為儉構清德樓，樹碑刻頌，朝議許之。 吏人又以儉秩滿，恐有代至，詣闕乞留儉，朝廷嘉而許之，在州遂曆七載。
When Jing and Xiang first submitted, Zhou Wen memorialized making Jian commander of twelve provinces including the three Jings, Governor of Jing, and Vice Director of the Southeast Circuit. The magistrate of Zheng County, Quan Can, was accused by the people and investigation proved him guilty. Jian immediately assembled his staff, confessed his own fault before the investigation hall, stripped and flogged himself, and released Can without punishment. Subordinate districts were awed into order and none dared offend the law. Emperor Wen of Wei sent a sealed letter of praise. Zhou Wen also wrote to Jian: "I have just heard that a magistrate under you offended, and you yourself took thirty strokes to awe your staff. I rejoiced and sighed a long while at the news—words fail me." Jian led with integrity and mixed strictness with mercy. When thieves were taken, if circumstances warranted leniency he lectured them and let them go. Among the Jing tribes the old custom slighted elders. Jian urged them patiently; the custom changed deeply. He promoted farming and silkworms and trained the people in arms, so the frontier knew no alarm and men kept their livelihoods. Officials and commoners asked to raise a Tower of Pure Virtue for Jian and carve a praise stele; the court agreed. When his term neared its end the people feared a replacement and petitioned at court to keep Jian; the throne approved, and he held the province seven years running.
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徵授大行台尚書，兼相府司馬。 常與群公侍坐，及退，周文謂左右曰：「此人閒雅，孤每與語，常肅然畏敬，恐有所失。」 他日，周文謂儉曰：「名實須相稱，尚書志安貧素，可改名儉，以彰雅操。」 遷尚書左僕射，加侍中。 後除東南道行台僕射、大都督十五州諸軍事、荊州刺史。 時梁岳陽王蕭詧內附，初遣使入朝。 至荊州，儉於査事列軍儀，具戎服，以賓主禮見使。 容貌魁偉，音聲如鐘，大為鮮卑語，遣人傳譯以答問。 客惶恐不敢仰視。 日晚，儉乃著裙襦紗帽，引客宴於別齋。 因敘梁國喪亂，朝廷招攜之意，發言可觀。 使人大悅，出曰：「吾所不能測也。」
He was summoned as Director of the Grand Secretariat and concurrently Chief Secretary to the Chancellor. He often sat with the great lords in audience; when they left, Zhou Wen told his attendants, "This man is grave and elegant; every talk with him leaves me in respectful fear lest I fall short." Another day Zhou Wen said to Jian, "Name and deed must accord. As Director you love poverty and simplicity; take the name Jian to show your character." He was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Palace Attendant. Later he was Vice Director of the Southeast Circuit, Grand Commander of fifteen provinces, and Governor of Jing. When Liang's Prince of Yueyang, Xiao Cha, came over, he first sent envoys to court. At Jingzhou, Jian drew up military formation at the investigation hall, wore full armor, and received the envoys as honored guests. Towering in build, voice like a bell, he spoke largely in Xianbei and had interpreters relay his replies. The envoys trembled and dared not raise their eyes. At dusk he changed to skirt, jacket, and gauze cap and feasted them in a side chamber. He spoke of Liang's chaos and the court's wish to gather the loyal; his words impressed. The envoys were delighted and said on leaving, "We could not fathom such a man."
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魏廢帝二年，授東南道大都督、荊襄等三十三州鎮防諸軍事。 及梁元帝嗣位於江陵，外敦鄰睦，內懷異計。 儉密啟陳攻取之謀。 於是徵儉入朝，問以經略。 儉陳謀，周文深然之，乃命還州，密為之備。 尋令柱國於謹伐江陵。 事平，以儉元謀，賞奴婢三百口。 遂令儉鎮江陵，進爵昌寧郡公。 後移鎮荊州，授總管荊襄等五十二州諸軍事、行荊州刺史。 及周閔帝初，趙貴等將圖晉公護，儉長子僧衍預其謀，坐死。 護乃徵儉，拜小塚宰。 保定四年，拜柱國。 朝議以儉操行清白，勳績隆重，乃下詔褒美之，兼賜以雜采粟麥，以彰其美。
In the second year of Emperor Fei of Wei he was Grand Commander of the Southeast and defender of thirty-three provinces including Jing and Xiang. When Liang's Emperor Yuan took the throne at Jiangling he was courteous abroad but schemed within. Jian secretly proposed a plan to take him. He was summoned to court and asked for strategy. Jian presented his design; Zhou Wen strongly agreed and sent him back to prepare in secret. Soon the Pillar of State Yu Jin was sent against Jiangling. After victory, for Jian's original plan he received three hundred households of slaves and maids. He was ordered to hold Jiangling and was raised to Duke of Changning. Later he shifted to Jing Province as overall commander of fifty-two provinces including Jing and Xiang and Acting Governor. At the start of Emperor Min of Zhou, Zhao Gui and others plotted against the Duke of Jin, Yuwen Hu; Jian's eldest son Sengyan joined them and was put to death. Hu then summoned Jian and made him Junior Director of the Imperial Mausoleum. In the fourth year of Baoding he was made Pillar of State. The court judged Jian's conduct pure and his service great; an edict praised him and gave silks and grain to honor his virtue.
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天和初，轉陝州，總管七州諸軍事、陝州刺史。 儉嘗詣闕奏事，時大雪，雪中待報，自旦達暮，竟無惰容。 其謹愨若此。 以疾還京，詔以儉舊居狹隘，賜甲第一區。
At the opening of Tianhe he was transferred to Shan Province as commander of seven provinces and its governor. Once, coming to report at court in heavy snow, he waited for answer from dawn to dusk without slackening. So scrupulous was he. When illness sent him to the capital, an edict found his old house too small and gave him a mansion of the first rank.
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後薨于夏州總管。 臨終遺令：斂以時服，素車載柩，不設儀仗，親友贈襚，一無所受。 諸子並奉行之。 又遺啟請葬周文帝陵側，並以所賜宅還官，詔皆從之。 贈本官，加涼瓜等十州諸軍事、涼州刺史，追封鄫國公，諡曰文。 荊州人儀同趙超等六百九十七人，詣闕請為儉立廟樹碑，詔許之。
He later died as overall commander at Xia Province. His last charge: bury him in ordinary dress, carry the coffin in a plain cart without guard of honor, and accept no funeral gifts from kin or friends. His sons obeyed in full. He also asked to be buried beside Zhou Wen and to return the granted house to the state; both were approved. He kept his former offices posthumously, was made commander of ten provinces including Liang and Gua and Governor of Liang, posthumously enfeoffed Duke of Zeng with posthumous name Wen. Six hundred ninety-seven men of Jing Province, including Zhao Chao, petitioned for a temple and stele; the court agreed.
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建德元年，詔曰：「故柱國、鄫國公儉，臨終審正，爰吐德音。 以所居之宅本因上賜，制度宏麗，非諸子所居，請以還官，更遷他所。 昔叔敖辭沃壤之地，蕭何就窮僻之鄉。 以古方令，無慚曩哲。 而有司未達大體，遽以其第外給。 夫追善念功，先王令典，豈得遂其謙挹，致乖懲勸！ 令以本宅還其妻子，俾清風遠播，無替聿修。」
In the first year of Jiande an edict said, "The late Pillar of State, Duke of Zeng Jian, facing death was exact in virtue and spoke words of integrity. The house he lived in had been a royal gift, splendid beyond what his sons should keep; he asked to return it and move elsewhere. Sunshu Ao of old refused fertile land; Xiao He chose a mean district. By ancient and modern measure he need not blush before the wise of old. Yet the offices missed the larger point and quickly gave the mansion away. To honor merit is the ancient kings' law—how indulge his modesty and break the rule of reward! Let the house return to his wife and sons, so his purity may spread far and his virtue never fade."
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次子隆，位司金中大夫。 從長潮西元定代陳，沒江南，卒。 隆弟平，最知名。
His second son Long was Director within the Ministry of Metals. He followed the Prince of Chang west against Chen, was lost south of the Yangtze, and died there. Long's younger brother Ping was the most famous.
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儉子平
Jian's son Ping
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平字處均，美容儀，有器幹，頗覽書記，為周衛王侍讀。 時武帝逼于宇文護，與衛王謀誅之，王常使平通意於帝。 護誅，拜開府儀同三司。 宣帝置東京官屬，以平為少司寇，與宗伯趙芬分掌六府。 隋文龍潛時，與平情好款洽。 及為丞相，恩禮彌厚。 時賀若弼鎮壽陽，帝恐其懷貳，遣平代之為揚州總管，賜爵襄陽公。 弼果不從，平麾壯士執弼，送京師。
Ping, styled Chujun, was handsome and capable, well read in records, and Reader to Zhou's Prince of Wei. Then Emperor Wu was constrained by Yuwen Hu; he and the Prince of Wei plotted Hu's death, and the prince often sent Ping to speak for him to the emperor. After Hu was killed, Ping was made Opening Office, Equal in Rank to Three Ministers. Emperor Xuan established Eastern Capital offices and made Ping Junior Minister of Justice, sharing the six ministries with Zhao Fen, Minister of Rites. When Wen of Sui was still in the wings, he and Ping were close friends. When Wen became Chancellor, favor and courtesy deepened. He Ruo Bi then held Shouyang; Wen feared treason and sent Ping to replace him as Overall Commander of Yang Province and made him Duke of Xiangyang. Bi refused obedience; Ping sent strong men to seize him and escort him to the capital.
25
隋開皇三年，徵拜度支尚書。 平見天下州縣多罹水旱，百姓不給，奏令人間每秋家出粟麥一石以下，貧富為差，儲之閭里，以備凶年，名曰義倉。 帝深嘉納。 自是州裏豐衍。 後轉工部尚書，名曰稱職。 時有人告大都督邴紹非毀朝庭為憒憒者，上怒，將斬之。 平進諫曰：「諺云：'不癡不聾，不作大家翁。 '此言雖小，可以喻大。 邴紹之言，不應聞奏。 陛下又復誅之，恐百代之後，有虧聖德。」 上於是赦紹。 因敕群臣，誹謗之罪，勿復以聞。 後突厥達頭可汗與都藍可汗相攻，各遣使請援。 上遣平持節宣諭，令其和解。 平至，陳利害，遂各解兵。 可汗贈平馬二百疋。 還，進所得馬，上盡以賜之。 未幾，遇譴，以尚書檢校汴州事，尋除汴州刺史，後曆許、貝二州，俱有善政。
In Sui's third year of Kaihuang he was summoned as Director of Revenue. Seeing floods and droughts everywhere and the people in want, he memorialized that each autumn every household should set aside up to one picul of grain and wheat by wealth, stored in the village against famine—righteous granaries. The emperor warmly approved. Districts thereafter grew plentiful. Later he was Director of Works and was judged fit for office. Someone reported Grand Commander Bing Shao had mocked the court as muddled; the emperor raged and would kill him. Ping remonstrated: "The proverb says, 'Without deafness or folly one cannot head a great household. This saying is small, yet it applies to great matters. Shao's words should never have reached Your Majesty. If you kill him too, I fear posterity will find a stain on your sacred virtue." The emperor pardoned Shao. He then ordered that slander need not be reported. Later the Tujue khagans Datou and Dulan fought; each asked for aid. The emperor sent Ping with authority to proclaim peace. Ping explained profit and peril; both then stood down. The khagans gave him two hundred horses. Returning, he offered the horses; the emperor returned them all to Ping. Soon he was censured, made Director inspecting Bian, then Governor of Bian, and later Xu and Bei—good rule in each.
26
鄴都俗薄，前後刺史，多不稱職。 朝庭以平為相州刺史，甚有能名。 在州數年，坐正月十五日百姓大戲，畫衣裳鍪甲象，上怒免之。 俄而上念平鎮淮南時事，進位大將軍，拜太常卿、吏部尚書。 卒官，諡曰康。
Ye's folk were fickle; earlier governors mostly failed. The court made Ping Governor of Xiang; he won great fame for competence. After years in office, on the fifteenth of the first month the people staged a great show in painted armor; the emperor in anger removed him. Soon remembering Ping's guard of the Huai, the emperor raised him to Grand General and made him Minister of Ceremonies and Director of the Masters of Writing. He died in office; his posthumous name was Kang.
27
子師孝，性輕狡好利，數犯法。 上以其不克負荷，遣使吊平。 以師孝為勃海郡主簿。 屬大業之季，恣行貪濁，一郡苦之。 後為王世充所害。
His son Shixiao was frivolous and greedy and broke the law again and again. Judging him unfit to carry the house, the emperor sent envoys to mourn Ping. Shixiao was made Chief Clerk of Bohai. In late Daye he plundered freely and the commandery groaned. He was later killed by Wang Shichong.
28
長孫道生
Zhangsun Daosheng
29
道生廉約，身為三司，而衣不華飾，食不兼味。 一熊皮鄣泥，數十年不易，時人比之晏嬰。 第宅卑陋。 出鎮後，其子弟頗更修繕，起堂廡。 道生還，歎曰：「昔霍去病以匈奴未滅，無有家為。 今強寇尚遊魂漠北，吾豈可安坐華美也！」 乃切責子弟，令毀其宅。 太武世，所在著績，每建大議，多合時機。 為將有權略，善待士眾。 帝命歌工曆頌群臣曰：「智如崔浩，廉如道生。」 及年老，頗惑其妻孟氏，以此見譏。 與從父嵩俱為三公，當世以為榮。
Daosheng lived plainly; though one of the Three Excellencies, he wore no finery and ate no second dish. One bear-hide mud-guard he kept decades unchanged; his age compared him to Yan Ying. His house was humble. After he marched out, his sons repaired it and raised halls and galleries. On his return Daosheng sighed: "Huo Qubing once said that while the Xiongnu were unbeaten he would not make a home. Now fierce enemies still roam the northern desert—how can I dwell in comfort and splendor! He sharply rebuked his sons and had the house torn down. Under Taiwu he distinguished himself wherever he served; his great counsels usually matched the time. As a commander he was resourceful and kind to troops. The emperor had singers praise his ministers in turn: "Wise as Cui Hao, pure as Daosheng." In old age he was much ruled by his wife Lady Meng and was ridiculed for it. He and his cousin Song both reached the Three Excellencies—the glory of their day.
30
子瓬，位少卿，早卒。 瓬子觀，少以壯勇知名，後襲祖爵上党王。 時異姓諸王襲爵，多降為公，帝以其祖道生佐命先朝，故特不降。 以征西大將軍、假司空，督河西七鎮諸軍討吐谷渾。 部帥拾寅遁藏，焚其所居城邑而還。 孝文初，拜殿中尚書、侍中。 吐谷渾又侵逼，復假觀司空討降之。 後為征南大將軍。 薨，諡曰定。 葬禮依其祖靖王故事，陪葬雲中金陵。
His son Xian was Vice Minister and died young. Xian's son Guan was famed in youth for courage; later he inherited the title Prince of Shangdang. Alien princes were usually demoted to duke; because his grandfather Daosheng had aided the founding reign, the emperor did not demote him. As General Who Pacifies the West and Acting Minister of Works he commanded the seven western garrisons against Tuyuhun. Chief Shiyin fled and hid, burning his cities before withdrawing. At Xiaowen's accession he was Director of the Palace Secretariat and Palace Attendant. When Tuyuhun invaded again he was again lent the seal of Acting Minister of Works to subdue them. Later he was General Who Pacifies the South. He died; his posthumous name was Ding. His funeral followed his grandfather the Tranquil Prince and he was buried at the Golden Tomb in Yunzhong.
31
曾孫幼
Great-grandson You
32
子冀歸，六歲襲爵，降為公。 孝文以其幼承家業，賜名幼，字承業。 承業聰敏有才藝，虛心愛士，為前將軍，從孝文南討。 宣武時，為揚州刺史、假鎮南大將軍、都督淮南諸軍事。 梁將裴邃、虞鴻襲據壽春，承業諸子驍果，邃頗難之，號曰：「鐵小兒」。 詔河間王琛總眾援之。 琛欲決戰，承業以雨久，更須持重。 琛弗從，遂戰，為賊所乘，承業後殿。
His son Jigui at six inherited the title and was demoted to duke. Xiaowen, seeing him bear the house while still young, gave him the name You, styled Chengye. Chengye was clever, talented, humble, and loved scholars; as Forward General he followed Xiaowen south. Under Emperor Xuanwu he was Governor of Yang, Acting General Who Guards the South, and commander of Huainan. Liang's Pei Sui and Yu Hong seized Shouchun; Chengye's sons were ferocious and Sui called them the "little irons." An edict ordered the Prince of Hejian to lead reinforcements. The prince wanted battle; Chengye, with rains prolonged, urged patience. The prince refused, fought, was exploited by the foe; Chengye covered the retreat.
33
初，承業既總強兵，久不決戰，議者疑有異圖。 朝庭重遣河間王琛及臨淮王彧、尚書李憲等三都督，外聲助承業，內實防之。
At first, since Chengye held a strong host and would not fight, some suspected ulterior motives. The court sent the Prince of Hejian, Prince of Huaiyang Yu, and Li Xian as three commanders—ostensibly to help Chengye, in truth to watch him.
34
會鮮于修禮反於中山，以承業為大都督北討。 尋以本使達鄴城，詔承業解行台，罷大使，遣河間王琛為大都督，酈道元為行台。 承業遣子子裕奉表，稱與琛同在淮南，俱當國難。 琛敗臣全，遂生私隙。 且臨機奪帥，非策所長。 書奏，不納。 琛與承業前到呼沲，承業未欲戰，而琛不從。 行達五鹿，為修禮邀擊，琛不赴之，賊總至，遂大敗。 承業與琛並除名。 尋而正平郡蜀反，復假承業鎮西將軍、討蜀都督。 頻戰有功，除平東將軍，復本爵。 後除尚書右僕射。 未幾，雍州刺史蕭寶夤據州反，復以承業為行台討之。 承業時背疽未愈，靈太后勞之曰：「卿疹源如此，朕欲相停，更無可寄，如何？」 承業答曰：「死而後已，敢不自力。」 時子彥亦患腳癉，扶杖入辭。 尚書僕射元順顧相謂曰：「吾等備為大臣，各居寵位，危難之日，病者先行，無乃不可乎！」 莫有對者。
When Xianyu Xiuli rebelled at Zhongshan, Chengye was made Grand Commander of the Northern Expedition. Soon, reaching Ye as chief envoy, an edict stripped him of the mobile secretariat and grand envoy rank and made the Prince of Hejian Grand Commander with Li Daoyuan as secretariat. Chengye sent his son Ziyu with a memorial: he and the prince were both in Huainan facing national crisis. The prince was beaten while he stayed intact, and private bitterness grew. Moreover, snatching command at the critical hour was no skill of his. The memorial was rejected. Prince and Chengye reached Hulu; Chengye would not fight and the prince would not heed him. At Wulu, Xiuli ambushed them; the prince would not aid; rebels massed and they were routed. Chengye and the prince were both removed from office. Soon Zhengping in Shu rebelled; Chengye was again lent General Who Pacifies the West and Commander against Shu. Repeated victories won him General Who Pacifies the East and restoration of his title. Later he was Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Soon Yong Governor Xiao Baoyin rebelled; Chengye was again mobile secretariat against him. Chengye's back sore was unhealed; Empress Dowager Ling said, "Your wound is so grave I wished to let you rest, yet none else can be trusted—what is to be done? Chengye answered, "I serve until death—how dare I not strive?" His son Yan had foot sores too; leaning on a staff he came to bid farewell. Vice Director Yuan Shun said to his fellows, "We stand as chief ministers in favor—on a day of danger must the sick lead the way? Can that be right? No one answered.
35
時薛鳳賢反于正平，薛修義屯聚河東，分據鹽池，攻圍蒲阪，東西連結，以應寶夤。 承業乃據河東。 時有詔廢鹽池稅，承業上表曰：「鹽池天資賄貨，密邇京畿，唯須寶而護之，均贍以理。 今四境多虞，府藏罄竭，然冀、定二州，且亡且亂，常調之絹，不復可收。 仰惟府庫，有出無入，必須經綸，出入相補。 略論鹽稅，一年之中，准絹而言，猶不應減三十萬疋也。 便是移冀、定二州置於畿甸，今若廢之，事同再失。 臣前仰違嚴旨，不先討關賊，徑解河東者，非是閑長安而急蒲阪。 蒲阪一陷，沒失鹽池，三軍口命，濟贍理絕。 天助大魏，茲計不爽。 昔高祖升平之年，無所乏少，猶創置鹽官而加典護。 非為物而競利，恐由利而亂俗也。 況今王公素餐，百官屍祿，租徵六年之粟，調折來歲之資。 此皆出入私財，奪人膂力，豈是願言，事不獲已。 臣輒符司監將尉，還率所部，依常收稅，更聽後敕。」 及雍州平，除雍州刺史。
Xue Fengxian rebelled in Zhengping; Xue Xiuyi massed in Hedong, seized the salt pools, besieged Puban, and linked east and west with Baoyin. Chengye held Hedong. An edict abolished the salt tax; Chengye memorialized: "The salt pools are Heaven's wealth, hard by the capital—they must be treasured, guarded, and fairly shared. Now alarms ring on every side and the treasury is bare; Ji and Ding are dying in chaos and their silk dues cannot be gathered. The coffers spend without receiving—accounts must be balanced, outgo matched by income. In one year the salt levy, reckoned in silk, should not fall below three hundred thousand bolts. That is like keeping Ji and Ding within the royal domain; to abolish it now is double loss. I earlier defied the stern order and did not strike the border rebels first but relieved Hedong—not because I slighted Chang'an and rushed to Puban. Once Puban fell the salt pools were lost and the armies' mouths had no supply—the lifeline was cut. Heaven aided Great Wei and the plan held. Even in Gaozu's peaceful years, when want was unknown, he set salt officers and guardians. Not to wring profit from goods but lest profit corrupt custom. Today lords feast without serving and officers draw pay without labor; rent takes six years' grain and corvée eats next year's stock. All is private spending of public muscle—not our wish but our bind. I have ordered the supervising office and commandant to return with their troops and collect the tax as usual, pending further command." When Yong was pacified he was made its governor.
36
孝莊初，封上党王，尋改馮翊王，後降為郡公。 遷司徒公，加侍中、兼尚書令、大行台，仍鎮長安。 節閔立，遷太尉公、錄尚書事。 及韓陵之敗，斛斯椿先據河橋，謀誅爾硃。 使承業入洛，啟節閔誅世隆兄弟之意。 孝武初，轉太傅，以定策功，更封開國子。 承業表請回授其姨兄廷尉卿元洪超次子惲。 初，承業生而母亡，為洪超母所撫養，是以求讓。 許之。
At Xiaozhuang's accession he was Prince of Shangdang, soon Prince of Fengyi, later demoted to commandery duke. He became Duke of Works, Palace Attendant, Concurrent Director and Grand Secretariat, still holding Chang'an. When Jiemin succeeded he was Grand Commandant and recorded affairs of the Masters of Writing. After defeat at Hanling, Husijun seized Heyang Bridge and plotted to kill the Erzhu clan. Chengye was sent to Luoyang to tell Jiemin of the plan to kill Shilong and his brothers. At Xiaowu's accession he was Grand Tutor; for fixing the succession he was further enfeoffed Baron of the Opening State. He asked to transfer the enfeoffment to his cousin's son Yun, second son of Vice Director Yuan Hongchao. His mother died at his birth; Hongchao's mother raised him—hence the request. It was granted.
37
武帝入關，承業時鎮武牢，亦隨赴長安，位太師、錄尚書事，封上党王。 大統元年，薨，贈假黃鉞、大丞相、都督三十州諸軍事、雍州刺史，諡曰文宣。
When Emperor Wu entered the passes Chengye held Wulao and followed to Chang'an as Grand Preceptor, recording affairs, and Prince of Shangdang. In the first year of Datong he died, posthumously given the golden axe, Grand Chancellor, commander of thirty provinces and Governor of Yong, posthumous name Wensuan.
38
承業少輕俠，鬥雞走馬，力爭殺人，因亡抵龍門將陳興德家。 會赦，乃免。 因以後妻羅前夫女呂氏妻興德兄興恩以報之。 羅年大承業十餘歲，酷妒忌。 承業雅相敬愛，無姬妾。 童侍之中在承業左右嫌疑致死者，乃有數四。 前妻張氏二子，子彥、子裕。 羅生三子：紹遠、士亮、季亮。 兄弟皆雄武。
In youth Chengye was rakish—cockfights, horses, brawls that killed—and fled to Longmen garrison commander Chen Xingde. An amnesty spared him. He married his stepmother Luo's stepdaughter, a Lü, to Xingde's brother Xingen in gratitude. Luo was more than ten years Chengye's senior and fiercely jealous. Chengye still honored and loved her and kept no concubines. Several boy attendants at his side were suspected and killed. His first wife Lady Zhang bore Ziyan and Ziyu. Luo bore Shaoyuan, Shiliang, and Jiliang. The brothers were all fierce in battle.
39
子彥本名雋，有膂力，以累從父征討功，封槐里縣子。 孝武帝與齊神武構隙，加子彥中軍大都督、行台僕射，鎮恆農，以為心膂。 及從帝入關，封高平郡公，位儀同三司。 以從征竇泰、戰沙苑功，加開府、侍中。 及東復舊京，以子彥兼尚書令、行司州牧，留鎮洛陽。 後以不利，班師。 大統七年，拜太子太傅。
Ziyan, originally Jun, was immensely strong; for repeated campaigns with his father he was Baron of Huaili. When Xiaowu quarreled with Qi Shenwu, Ziyan was made Grand Commander of the Center Army and Vice Director, garrisoning Hengnong as his right hand. Following the emperor into the passes he was Duke of Gaoping and Equal in Rank to Three Ministers. For campaigning against Dou Tai and fighting at Shayuan he was made Opening Office and Palace Attendant. When the east was recovered he was Concurrent Director and Acting Governor of Si, left to hold Luoyang. Later, when affairs turned bad, the army withdrew. In the seventh year of Datong he was Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent.
40
子彥少常墜馬折臂，肘上骨起寸餘。 乃命開肉鋸骨，流血數升，言戲自若。 時以為逾於關羽。 末年石發，舉體生瘡，雖親戚兄弟以為惡疾。 子彥曰：「惡疾如此，難以自明。 世無良醫，吾其死矣！ 嘗聞惡疾蝮蛇螫之不痛，試為求之，當令兄弟知我。」 及于南山得蛇，以股觸之，痛楚號叫，俄而腫死。 文帝聞之。 慟哭曰：「失我良將！」 贈雍州刺史。
In youth Ziyan often fell and broke his arm; bone rose an inch above the elbow. He had the flesh opened and the bone sawed; blood poured in sheng yet he jested calmly. His age thought him bolder than Guan Yu. In his last years stony growths broke out; kin took it for a foul disease. Ziyan said, "With such a disease I cannot prove my innocence. There is no skilled doctor in the world—I am as good as dead! I have heard that with this disease a viper's bite does not hurt—let us find one so my brothers know I am myself." They found a snake on South Mountain; he touched it to his thigh, cried in pain, and the swelling soon subsided. When Emperor Wen heard of it. He wept and said, "I have lost my fine general!" He was posthumously made Governor of Yong.
41
子裕位衛尉少卿。 啟舍凡階十七級，為子義貞求官。 除左將軍，加通直散騎常侍。 又以父勳，封平原縣伯。
Ziyu was Vice Director of the Imperial Guards. He gave up seventeen ranks of ordinary salary to seek office for his son Yizhen. Yizhen was made Left General and Regular Attendant and Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. For his father's merit he was also Baron of Pingyuan.
42
義貞弟兕，字若汗。 性機辯，強記博聞，雅重賓游，尤善談論。 從魏孝武西遷，別封鄴縣侯。 周天和初，進驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 曆熊、絳二州刺史，並有能名。 襲爵平原縣公。 卒，子熾嗣。
Yizhen's younger brother Si, styled Ruohan. Quick-witted and eloquent, with a formidable memory and wide learning, he cherished guests and companions and excelled in debate. He followed Emperor Xiaowu of Wei in the western migration and was separately enfeoffed as Marquis of Ye County. At the opening of Zhou's Tianhe era he was promoted to General of Agile Cavalry with the ceremonial standing of the Three Excellencies. He governed Xiong and Jiang in turn, winning a name for competence in each. He inherited the ducal title of Pingyuan. When he died, his son Chi succeeded him.
43
幼曾孫熾
Chi, a great-grandson of You
44
熾字仲光，性敏慧，美姿容，頗涉群書，兼長武藝。 建德初，周武帝崇尚道法，求學兼經史者為通道館學士，熾應其選。 隋文帝作相，自禦正上士擢為丞相府功曹參軍，加大都督，封陽平縣子，遷稍伯下大夫。 以平王謙，拜儀同三司。 及帝受禪，熾率官屬先入清宮，即授內史舍人、上儀同三司，攝東宮右庶子，出入兩宮，甚被委遇。 累遷太常少卿，改封饒陽縣子，進位開府儀同三司，改授吏部侍郎。 大業中，歷位大理卿、戶部尚書。 吐谷渾寇張掖，令熾擊之，追至青海，以功授銀青光祿大夫。 六年，帝幸江都宮，留熾東都居守，攝左候衛將軍。 卒官，諡曰靜。 子安世，通事謁者。 熾弟晟。
Chi, styled Zhongguang, was clever and handsome, had dipped into many books, and was skilled in arms as well. When Emperor Wu of Zhou, at the start of Jiande, sought scholars versed in classics and histories for the Passage Hall, Chi was among those chosen. When Wen of Sui was still prime minister, Chi rose from Superior Gentleman of the Imperial Rectitude to merit officer in the chancellor's office, was made grand commandant, enfeoffed Viscount of Yangping, and promoted to junior grand master of the lesser earl. For helping crush Wang Qian, Prince of Qi, he received the ceremonial rank equal to the Three Excellencies. At the founding of Sui, Chi led the officials into the cleared palace first and was made palace attendant of the inner secretariat with superior ceremonial rank, acting right vice heir apparent of the eastern palace—trusted in both courts. He rose to vice minister of ceremonies, had his fief changed to Raoyang, was given director's ceremonial rank, and became vice minister of personnel. Under Daye he served in turn as minister of justice and minister of revenue. When Tuyuhun raided Zhangye, Chi pursued them to Qinghai and, for his merit, was made grand master of splendid brightness with silver seal. In year six the emperor went to the Jiangdu palace and left Chi at the eastern capital as commandant, acting left commander of the waiting guard. He died in office and was posthumously titled Jing. His son Anshi served as attendant for miscellaneous matters. Chi had a younger brother, Sheng.
45
熾弟晟
Sheng, younger brother of Chi
46
晟字季晟，性通敏，略涉書記，善彈工射，矯捷過人。 年十八，仕周為司衛上士。 初未知名，唯隋文帝一見深異焉，謂曰：「長孫武藝逸群，又多奇略。 後之名將，非此子邪？」 及突厥攝圖請婚，周以趙王招女妻之。 周與攝圖各相誇競，妙選驍勇以充使者，因遣晟副汝南公宇文神慶送千金公主至其牙。 前後使人數十輩，攝圖多不禮之，獨愛晟，每共遊獵，留之竟歲。 嘗有二雕，飛而爭肉，因以箭兩隻與晟，請射取之。 晟馳往，遇雕相玃，遂一發雙貫焉。 攝圖喜，命諸子弟貴人皆相親友，冀昵近之，以學彈射。 其弟處羅侯號突利設，尤得眾心，為攝圖所忌，密托心腹，陰與晟盟。 晟與之遊獵，因察山川形勢，部眾強弱。 皆盡知之。 還，拜奉車都尉。
Sheng, styled Jisheng, was quick and keen, had some schooling, excelled at archery, and moved with uncanny agility. At eighteen he entered Zhou's service as superior gentleman of the palace guards. At first he was unknown—until Emperor Wen of Sui met him once and was deeply struck, saying: Changsun's martial skill surpasses the crowd, and he holds many singular stratagems. The famous general of later days—will it not be this man?" When the Türk qaghan Shetu sought a marriage alliance, Zhou gave him the daughter of Prince Zhao. Zhou and Shetu each boasted their valor and picked the finest warriors as envoys; Sheng was sent as deputy to Duke of Runan Yuwen Shenqing to escort the Princess of a Thousand Gold to Shetu's camp. Dozens of envoys came and went; Shetu treated most discourteously, but favored Sheng alone, hunted with him constantly, and kept him a full year. Once two eagles fought in the air over meat; Shetu gave Sheng two arrows and asked him to bring them down. Sheng galloped up, found the eagles locked together, and dropped them both with a single shot. Delighted, Shetu had his younger kinsmen and nobles befriend Sheng so they might learn archery from him. His younger brother Chuluohou, titled Tuli She, was especially beloved by the people and envied by Shetu; he secretly entrusted himself to Sheng and made a hidden alliance. Sheng hunted with him and surveyed mountains, rivers, terrain, and tribal strength. He came to know them all thoroughly.
47
開皇元年，攝圖曰：「我，周家親也。 今隋公自立而不能制，何面目見可賀敦！」 因與高寶寧攻陷臨渝鎮，約諸面部落，謀共南侵。 文帝新立，由是大懼，修長城，發兵屯北境。 命陰壽鎮幽州、虞慶則鎮并州，屯兵為之備。
On his return he was made commandant of the imperial carriage. In Kaihuang's first year Shetu said:" I am kin to the house of Zhou. Now the Duke of Sui has set himself up and I cannot control him—what face have I to show the kehuden!" He joined Gao Baoning in taking Linyu Fort, rallied the tribal chiefs, and plotted a joint invasion of the south.
48
晟先知攝圖、玷厥、阿波、突利等叔侄兄弟各統強兵，俱號可汗，分居四面，內懷猜忌，外示和同，難以力征，易可離間。 因上書曰：「臣於周末，忝充外使，匈奴倚伏，實所具知。 玷厥之於攝圖，兵強而位下，外名相屬，內隙已彰，鼓動其情，必將自戰。 又處羅侯者，攝圖之弟，奸多而勢弱，曲取眾心，國人愛之，因為攝圖所忌。 又阿波首鼠，介在其間，頗畏攝圖，受其牽率，唯強是與，未有定心。 宜遠交而近攻，離強而合弱。 通使玷厥，說合阿波，則攝圖回兵，自防右地。 又引處羅，遣連奚、嵆，則攝圖分眾，還備左方。 道尾猜嫌，腹心離阻，十數年後，承釁討之，必可一舉而空其國。」
Wen had only just taken the throne and was greatly alarmed; he repaired the Long Wall and sent troops to the northern marches. He ordered Yin Shou to hold Youzhou and Yu Qingze to hold Bingzhou, with troops stationed as a precaution. Sheng had long known that Shetu, Dianjue, Abo, Tuli, and other uncles and brothers each commanded strong armies, all styled qaghan and holding the four quarters—suspicious within, harmonious without—hard to conquer by force, easy to split by intrigue. He therefore memorialized: At the end of Zhou your servant was honored to serve abroad; the Türks' rises and falls I know in detail. Dianjue toward Shetu has the stronger army but the lower rank; joined in name outwardly, their rift is already plain—stir their passions and they will fight each other. Chuluohou is Shetu's younger brother—cunning, weak in power, beloved of the people, and therefore envied by Shetu. Abo wavers between them, fears Shetu, is pulled along by him, follows only the strong, and has no settled heart. Befriend the distant, attack the near; divide the strong, unite the weak.
49
上省表大悅，因召與語。 晟口陳形勢，手畫山川，寫其虛實，皆如指掌。 上深嗟異，皆納用焉。 因遣太僕元暉出伊吾道，使詣玷厥，賜以狼頭纛，謬為欽敬。 玷厥使來，引居攝圖使上。 反間既行，果相猜貳。 授晟車騎將軍，出黃龍道，齎敝賜奚、嵆、契丹等，遣為鄉導，得至處羅侯所，深布心腹，誘令內附。
Send envoys to Dianjue and win Abo to him, and Shetu will turn his army to guard the west himself. Draw in Chuluohou and link him with Xi and Qi, and Shetu will divide his host to guard the east. Suspicion at the tail, estrangement at the heart—after a dozen years strike when chance appears, and in one move you may empty their state." The emperor read the memorial with delight and summoned him to speak. Sheng described the situation aloud and sketched mountains and rivers with his hand, laying out strength and weakness as if on his palm. The emperor sighed in admiration and adopted it all. He sent Grand Master of the Stud Yuan Hui by the Yiwu route to Dianjue with a wolf-head banner and feigned deep respect.
50
二年，攝圖號四十萬騎，自蘭州入，至於周盤，破達奚長儒軍。 更欲南入，玷厥不從，引兵而去。 時晟又說染幹詐告攝圖曰：「鐵勒等反，欲襲其牙。」 攝圖乃懼，回兵出塞。
When Dianjue's envoy arrived, he was lodged above Shetu's envoy. Once the stratagem of division was set in motion, they truly became mutually suspicious. Sheng was made general of chariots and cavalry and sent by the Yellow Dragon route with worn gifts for Xi, Qi, Khitan, and others as guides; he reached Chuluohou, won his confidence, and enticed him to submit. In the second year Shetu, claiming four hundred thousand horsemen, entered from Lanzhou to Zhoupan and broke Daxi Changru's army.
51
後數年，突厥大入，發八道元帥出拒之。 阿波至涼州，與竇榮定戰，賊帥累北。 時晟為偏將，使謂之曰：「攝圖每來，戰皆大勝。 阿波才入，便即致敗，此乃突厥之恥。 且攝圖之與阿波，兵勢本敵，今攝圖日勝，為眾所崇，阿波不利，為國生辱。 攝圖必當因此以罪歸於阿波，成其夙計，滅北牙矣。」 阿波使至，晟又謂曰：「今達頭與隋連和，而攝圖不能制。 可汗何不依附天子，連結達頭，相合為強？ 此萬全之計。 豈若喪兵負罪，歸就攝圖，受其戮辱耶！」 阿波納之，因留塞上。 後使人隨晟入朝。 時攝圖與衛王軍遇，戰于白道，敗走。 至磧，聞阿波懷貳，乃掩北牙，盡獲其眾而殺其母。 阿波還無所歸。 西奔玷厥，乞師十餘萬，東擊攝圖，復得故地。 收散卒，與攝圖相攻。 阿波頻勝，其勢益強。 攝圖又遣使朝貢，公主自請改姓，乞為帝女，上許之。
He wished to press farther south, but Dianjue refused and led his troops away. At that time Sheng also persuaded Ran'gan to falsely report to Shetu: "The Tiele and others have rebelled and mean to strike your camp. Shetu was afraid and turned his army back beyond the border. Several years later the Türks invaded in force and eight route marshals were sent to resist. Abo reached Liangzhou and fought Dou Rongding; the enemy leaders were repeatedly defeated. At that time Sheng was a subordinate general and sent word to him: Whenever Shetu comes, battle always ends in great victory. Abo has only just entered and at once suffers defeat—this is the Türks' shame. Moreover Shetu and Abo were originally equal in strength; now Shetu wins day by day and is exalted by the masses, while Abo fares ill and brings disgrace on the state. Shetu will surely use this to lay the blame on Abo and accomplish his long-held plan to destroy the northern camp." When Abo's envoy arrived, Sheng also said to him: "Now Datou is allied with Sui, and Shetu cannot control him. Why does the qaghan not attach himself to the Son of Heaven, join with Datou, and combine into strength? This is the plan of perfect safety. Will you rather lose your army, bear guilt, return to Shetu, and suffer his slaughter and humiliation!" Abo accepted this and remained beyond the border. Abo won again and again, and his power grew ever stronger. Shetu again sent tribute; the princess asked to take the emperor's surname and become his daughter, and the emperor assented.
52
四年，遣晟副虞慶則使於攝圖，賜公主姓為楊氏，改封大義公主。 攝圖奉詔，不肯起拜。 晟進曰：「突厥與隋俱是大國天子，可汗不起，安敢違意。 但可賀敦為帝女，則可汗是大隋女媚，奈何不敬婦公？」 攝圖笑謂其達官曰：「須拜婦公。」 乃拜受詔。 使還稱旨，授儀同三司、左勳衛車騎將軍。
In the fourth year Sheng went as deputy to Yu Qingze to Shetu; the princess was given the surname Yang and enfeoffed as Princess of Great Righteousness. Shetu received the edict but refused to rise and bow. Sheng stepped forward and said: Türks and Sui are both great powers of the Son of Heaven; if the qaghan does not rise, how dare I disobey his will. But the kehuden is the emperor's daughter—then the qaghan is Great Sui's son-in-law; how can he fail to respect his wife's father-in-law?" Shetu laughed and told his nobles, "One must bow to the wife's father-in-law." He then bowed and received the edict.
53
七年，攝圖死，遣晟持節拜其弟處羅侯為莫何可汗，以其子雍閭為葉護可汗。 處羅侯因晟奏曰：「阿波為天所滅，與五六千騎在山谷間，當取之以獻。」 時召文武議焉。 樂安西元諧曰：「請就彼梟首，以懲其惡。」 武陽公李充請生將入朝，顯戮而示百姓。 上問晟，晟曰：「阿波之惡，非負國家。 因其困窮，取而為戮，恐非招遠之道。 不如兩存之。」 上曰：「善。」
In the seventh year Shetu died; Sheng was sent with credentials to invest his younger brother Chuluohou as Mohe Qaghan and his son Yonglu as Yehu Qaghan. Chuluohou, through Sheng, memorialized: Abo was destroyed by Heaven and is in the mountain valleys with five or six thousand horsemen—he should be taken and presented." Civil and military officials were summoned to deliberate. Yue'an Xi Yuanxie of the Western Regions said: "Please go there and take his head to punish his wickedness. Duke of Wuyang Li Chong asked to bring him alive into court and display the execution to the people. Better to let both survive. The emperor said, "Good."
54
八年，處羅侯死，遣晟往吊，仍齎陳國所獻寶器，以賜雍閭。
In the eighth year Chuluohou died; Sheng was sent to mourn him and bore treasure vessels Chen had presented, to bestow on Yonglu.
55
十三年，流人楊欽亡入突厥，詐言彭國公劉昶共宇文氏女謀欲反隋，遣其來密告公主。 雍閭信之，乃不修貢。 又遣晟出使，微觀察焉。 公主見晟，言辭不遜，又遣所私胡人安遂迦共欽計議，扇惑雍閭。 晟還，以狀奏。 又遣晟往索欽，雍閭欲勿與，謬曰：「客內無此色人。」 晟乃貨其達官，知欽所在，夜掩獲之，以示雍閭。 因發公主私事。 國人大恥。 雍閭執遂迦等，並以付晟。 使還，上大喜，加授開府，仍遣入蕃，涖殺大義公主。 雍閭又表請婚，僉議將許之。 晟奏曰：「臣觀雍閭反覆無信，特共玷厥有隙，所以依倚國家。 縱與為婚，終當必叛。 今若得尚公主，承藉威靈，玷厥、染幹必又受其徵發。 強而更反，後恐難圖。 且染幹者，處羅侯之子，素有誠款，於今兩世。 臣前與相見，亦乞通婚，不如許之，招令南徙。 兵少力弱，易可撫馴，使敵雍閭，以為邊捍。」 上曰：「善。」 又遣慰喻染幹，許尚公主。
In the thirteenth year the exile Yang Qin fled to the Türks and falsely claimed that Duke of Peng Liu Chang and a Yuwen daughter plotted against Sui, sending him to secretly inform the princess. Yonglu believed it and stopped sending tribute. Sheng was again sent on mission to observe subtly. The princess saw Sheng with insolent speech and also sent her private Turk An Suijia with Qin to plot, stirring Yonglu. Sheng returned and memorialized the facts. He again sent Sheng to demand Qin; Yonglu wished to withhold him and lied, saying: Among the guests within there is no man of this complexion." Sheng bribed his nobles, learned where Qin was, seized him in a night raid, and showed him to Yonglu. He thereby exposed the princess's private affairs. The nation was deeply shamed. Yonglu seized Ansuijia and the others and handed them all to Sheng. When the envoy returned, the emperor was greatly pleased, made him Director, and again sent him into the Türk lands to oversee the killing of the Princess of Great Righteousness. Yonglu again asked to marry; the assembly was about to grant it. Sheng memorialized: Your servant observes that Yonglu is fickle and faithless; he relies on the state only because he has a rift with Dianjue. Even if a marriage is granted, he will surely rebel in the end. If he now obtains an imperial princess and borrows her authority, Dianjue and Ran'gan will again suffer his summons to war. Growing stronger, he will turn again—and later he may be hard to manage. Moreover Ran'gan is the son of Chuluohou and has long shown sincere loyalty through two reigns now. When I met him before, he too asked for marriage; better to grant it and summon him to move south. His troops are few and his power weak—easy to pacify and tame, set against Yonglu as a border shield.
56
十七年，染幹遣使隨晟來逆女。 以宗女封安義公主以妻之。 晟說染幹南徙，居度斤舊鎮。 雍閭疾之，亟來抄略。 染幹伺知動靜，輒遣奏聞，是以賊來，每先有備。
The emperor said, "Good." He again sent envoys to comfort Ran'gan and promised him an imperial princess. In the seventeenth year Ran'gan sent envoys with Sheng to receive the bride. A clanswoman was enfeoffed as Princess of Anyi and given to him as wife. Sheng persuaded Ran'gan to move south and dwell at the old seat of Dujin.
57
十九年，染幹因晟奏雍閭作攻具。 欲打大同城。 詔發六總管，並取漢王節度，分道出塞討之。 雍閭懼，復共達頭同盟，合力掩襲染幹，大戰于大長城下。 染幹敗績，其兄弟子侄盡見殺，而部落亡散。 染幹與晟獨以五騎逼夜南走。 至旦，行百餘里，收得數百騎。 乃相與謀曰：「今兵敗入朝，一降人耳，大隋天子豈禮我乎！ 玷厥雖來，本無冤隙，若往投之，必相存濟。」 晟知懷貳，乃密遣使者入伏遠鎮，令速舉烽。 染幹見四烽俱發，問晟：「城上烽然，何也？」 晟紿之曰：「城高地迥，必遙見賊來。 我國家法，若賊少，舉二烽； 來多，舉三烽； 大逼，舉四烽。 使見賊多而又近耳。」 染幹大懼，謂其眾曰：「追兵已逼，且可投城。」 既入鎮，晟留其達官執室以領其眾，自將染幹馳驛入朝。 帝大喜，進晟左勳衛驃騎將軍，持節護突厥。 晟遣降虜覘候雍閭，知其牙內屢有災變； 夜見赤虹，光照數百里。 天狗隕，雨血三日； 流星墜其營內，有聲如雷。 每夜自驚，言隋師且至。 並遣奏知。 尋以染幹為意彌豆啟人可汗。 賜射于武安殿，選善射者十二人，分為兩朋。 啟人曰：「臣由長孫大使得見天子，今日賜射，願入其朋。」 許之。 給箭，六發皆入鹿，啟人之朋竟勝。 時有鳶群飛，上曰：「公善彈，為我取之。」 十發俱中，並應丸而落。 是日，百官獲賚，晟獨居多。 尋遣領五萬人，於朔州築大利城以處染幹。 安義公主死，持節送義城公主，復以妻之。 晟又奏：「染幹部落歸者既眾，雖在長城內，猶被雍閭抄略。 往來辛苦，不得甯居。 請徙五原，以河為固。 于夏、勝兩州間，東西至河，南北四百里，掘為橫塹。 令處其內，任情放牧，免於抄掠，人必自安。」 上並從之。
Yonglu resented this and repeatedly came to raid. Ran'gan watched for movements and at once sent memorials; therefore when bandits came he was always forewarned. In the nineteenth year Ran'gan, through Sheng, reported that Yonglu was making siege engines. He intended to assault Datong City. An edict mobilized six grand marshals, all under Prince of Han's command, to march out by separate routes beyond the border and attack. Yonglu was afraid and again allied with Datou; together they launched a surprise attack on Ran'gan and fought a great battle below the Long Wall. Ran'gan was defeated; his brothers, sons, and nephews were all killed, and his tribes scattered and fled. Ran'gan and Sheng alone, with five horsemen, fled south through the night. By dawn they had gone more than a hundred li and gathered several hundred riders. They then plotted together, saying: "Now, defeated in battle, if we enter court we are but surrendered men—will the Son of Heaven of Great Sui treat us with ceremony! Dianjue may come, but originally we had no grievance; if we go to him, he will surely preserve us. Sheng knew he was of two minds and secretly sent a messenger into Fuyuan Fort, ordering beacons raised at once. Ran'gan saw four beacons all lit and asked Sheng: The beacons on the wall are burning—what is it? Sheng deceived him, saying:" The city is high and the land stretches away—one surely sees the enemy coming from afar. By our state's law, if the enemy are few, two beacons are raised; if many come, three beacons; if they press hard, four beacons. This makes them see that the enemy are many and near." Ran'gan was greatly afraid and said to his followers: "Pursuing troops are already pressing—let us take refuge in the city for now." Once inside the fort, Sheng left the noble Zhishi to lead the host and himself escorted Ran'gan post-haste into court. The emperor was greatly pleased and advanced Sheng to General of Agile Cavalry of the Left Merit Guard, with credentials as commissioner protecting the Türks. Sheng sent surrendered captives to spy on Yonglu and learned that within his camp calamities recurred again and again; at night a crimson rainbow was seen, its light shining for several hundred li. The sky dog fell; blood rained three days; a shooting star fell within his camp with a sound like thunder. Each night he startled himself, saying Sui troops were about to arrive. He sent memorials reporting all of this. Before long Ran'gan was made Qaghan Yimidou Qiren. An archery contest was granted in the Hall of Martial Peace; twelve skilled archers were chosen and divided into two sides. The Qiren said: "Your servant, through Grandee Changsun, came to see the Son of Heaven; today, granted this shooting match, I wish to join his side." It was granted. Arrows were supplied; six shots all struck the deer, and the Qiren's side won in the end. At that time a flock of kites was flying; the emperor said: You are skilled with the sling—fetch them for me. Ten shots all hit; each answered the pellet and fell. That day the hundred officials received gifts, but Sheng alone received the most.
58
二十年，都藍大亂，為部下所殺。 晟因奏曰：「賊內攜離，其主被殺。 乘此招誘，必並來降。 請遣染幹部下，分頭招尉。」 上許之，果盡來附。 達頭恐怖，又大集兵。 詔晟部領降人，為秦州行軍總管，取晉王廣節度，出討達頭。 達頭與王相抗，晟進策曰：「突厥飲泉，易可行毒。」 因取諸藥，毒水上流。 達頭人畜飲之多死，大驚曰：「天雨惡水，其亡我乎！」 因夜遁。 晟追之，斬首千餘級，俘百餘口。 王大喜，引晟入內，同宴極歡。 有突厥達官來降，時亦預坐。 說言突厥之內，大畏長孫總管，聞其弓聲謂為霹靂，見其走馬稱為閃電。 王笑曰：「將軍震怒，威行域外，遂與雷霆為比，一何壯哉！」 師旋，授上開府儀同三司，復遣還大利城，安撫新附。
Soon he was sent to lead fifty thousand men to build Dali City at Shuozhou to house Ran'gan. When Princess of Anyi died, he was sent with credentials to escort Princess of Yicheng and again give her in marriage. Sheng again memorialized: Ran'gan's tribes who have submitted are already numerous; though within the Long Wall, they are still raided by Yonglu. Coming and going in hardship, they cannot live in peace. I ask that they be moved to Wuyuan, with the river as a bulwark. Between Xia and Sheng provinces, east and west to the river and four hundred li north and south, dig a transverse trench. Let them dwell within, grazing as they please, free from raids—the people will surely settle themselves. The emperor followed it all. In the twentieth year Dulan fell into great disorder and was killed by his subordinates. Sheng therefore memorialized: "The enemy are divided within; their lord has been killed. Seize this moment to entice them—they will surely all come to surrender. Please send Ran'gan's subordinates in separate parties to summon and comfort them." The emperor assented, and in the end they all came to submit. Datou was terrified and again gathered a great army. An edict ordered Sheng to command the surrendered men as grand marshal on campaign for Qinzhou, under Prince of Jin Guang's command, to march out and attack Datou.
59
仁壽元年，晟表奏曰：「臣夜登城樓，望見磧北有赤氣，長百餘里，皆如雨足，下垂被地。 謹驗兵書，此名灑血。 其下之國，必且破亡。 欲滅匈奴，宜在今日。」 詔楊素為行軍元帥，晟為受降使者，送染幹北伐。
Datou opposed the prince; Sheng advanced a stratagem: The Türks drink from springs—poison is easily applied. He therefore took various drugs and poisoned the upstream water. Datou's men and beasts drank and many died; in great alarm he said: Heaven rains foul water—will it not destroy me!"
60
二年，軍次北河，逢賊帥思力俟斤等領兵拒戰，晟與大將軍梁默擊走之，賊眾多降。 晟又教染幹分遣使者，往北方鐵勒等部，招攜取之。 三年，有鐵勒思結、伏具、渾、斛薛、阿拔、僕骨等十餘部，盡背達頭來降附。 達頭眾大潰，西奔吐谷渾。 晟送染幹，安置於磧口。 事畢，入朝。
He therefore fled by night. Sheng pursued him, beheading more than a thousand and capturing over a hundred. The prince was greatly pleased and led Sheng inside, feasting together to the utmost joy. A Türk noble came to surrender and was also seated at the feast. He said that within the Türks they greatly feared Commissioner Changsun—hearing his bow they called it thunder, seeing his horse run they called it lightning. The prince laughed and said:
61
遇文帝崩，匿喪未發。 煬帝引晟於大行前委以內衙宿衛，知門禁事，即日拜左領軍將軍。 遇楊諒作逆，敕以本官為相州刺史，發山東兵馬，與李雄等共經略之。 晟辭以子行布在逆地。 帝曰：「公終不以兒害義，其勿辭也。」 於是馳遣赴相州。 諒破，追還，轉武衛將軍。
"The general in wrath makes his might walk beyond the borders—even thunder is his measure. How splendid!" When the army returned, he was made superior director with ceremonial rank equal to the Three Excellencies and again sent back to Dali City to pacify the newly submitted. In the first year of Renshou, Sheng memorialized: "Your servant at night climbed the city tower and saw north of the desert a crimson aura more than a hundred li long, all like rain feet hanging down to touch the ground. I have carefully checked the military manuals—this is called 'spilled blood. The state beneath it will surely be destroyed. To extinguish the Xiongnu, the time is today."
62
大業三年，煬帝幸榆林，欲出塞外，陳兵耀武，經突厥中，指於涿郡。 仍恐染幹驚懼，先遣晟往喻旨，稱述帝意。 染幹聽之，因召所部諸國，奚、嵆、室韋等種落數十，酋長咸萃。 晟見牙中草穢，欲令染乾親自除之，示諸部落，以明威重。 乃指帳前草曰：「此根大香。」 染幹遽取嗅之，曰：「殊不香也。」 曰：「國家法，天子行幸所在，諸侯並躬親灑掃，耘除御路，以表至敬之心。 今牙中蕪穢，謂是留香草耳。」 染幹乃悟，曰：「奴罪過！ 奴之骨肉，皆天子賜也。 得效筋力，豈敢有辭？ 特以旁人不知法耳。」 遂拔所佩刀，親自芟草。 其貴人及諸產落爭放效之。 乃發榆林北境，至於其牙，又東達於薊，長三千里，廣百餘步，舉國就役而開御道。 帝聞益喜焉。 後除淮陽太守，未赴任，復為右驍衛將軍。
An edict made Yang Su grand marshal on campaign; Sheng was made envoy receiving surrender and escorted Ran'gan on a northern campaign. In the second year the army halted at North River and met the bandit chief Silijin and others leading troops to resist; Sheng with the great general Liang Mo routed them, and many of the enemy surrendered. Sheng also instructed Ran'gan to send envoys in separate parties to the Tiele and other northern tribes to win them over. Sheng saw the grass rank within the camp and wished Ran'gan to clear it himself, showing the tribes to make authority plain. He then pointed at the grass before the tent and said:" This root is greatly fragrant." Ran'gan hastily took it to smell and said: It is not fragrant at all. Sheng said: By the law of the state, wherever the Son of Heaven travels, the feudal lords all personally sprinkle and sweep, weeding the imperial road to show utmost reverence. The camp is now overgrown with weeds—I thought they were fragrant plants left behind. Ran'gan then understood and said:" This slave's crime! All this slave's flesh and bone were given by the Son of Heaven. If I may offer sinew and strength, how dare I refuse? It is only that those beside me did not know the law." He then drew the blade at his belt and personally cut the grass.
63
五年，卒，年五十八，帝悼惜之。 後突厥圍雁門，帝歎曰：「向使長孫晟在，不令匈奴至此！」
The nobles and all the tribes vied to imitate him. They then opened a road from the northern border of Yulin as far as the camp, and east as far as Ji—three thousand li long and more than a hundred paces wide—the whole nation labored on service to open the imperial way.
64
晟好奇計，務立功名。 性至孝，居憂毀瘠，為朝士所稱。 大唐貞觀中，追贈司空、上柱國，諡曰獻。 少子無忌嗣。 其長子行布，亦多謀略，有父風。 起家漢王諒庫直。 後遇諒并州起逆，率從南拒官軍，留行布守城。 遂與豆盧毓閉門拒守諒，城陷，遇害。 次子恆安，以兄功授鷹揚郎將。
When the emperor heard, he was still more pleased. Later he was made governor of Huaiyang but did not take up the post; he was again made General of the Right Agile Guard. In the fifth year he died, aged fifty-eight; the emperor mourned him. Later, when the Türks besieged Yanmen, the emperor sighed: "Had Changsun Sheng still been alive, he would not have let the Xiongnu come to this!" Sheng loved curious stratagems and strove to establish merit and fame. By nature he was deeply filial; in mourning he wasted his body, and the courtiers praised him. In the Zhenguan era of Great Tang he was posthumously made Minister of Works and Pillar of State, with posthumous title Xian. His youngest son Wuji succeeded.
65
晟從祖紹遠
His eldest son Xingbu also had many stratagems and bore his father's manner.
66
紹遠字師，少名仁。 寬容有大度，雅好墳籍，聰慧過人。 父承業作牧壽春，時紹遠年十三。 承業管記有王碩者，文學士也，聞紹遠強記，遂白承業，求驗之。 承業命試之。 碩乃試以《禮記月令》。 於是紹遠讀數紙，才一遍，誦之若流。 碩嘆服之。 起家司徒府參軍事。 後以別將討平河東蜀薛，封東阿縣伯。
He began his career as a palace attendant to Prince of Han Liang. Later, when Liang rose in rebellion at Bingzhou, he led followers south to block the imperial army and left Xingbu to hold the city. Xingbu then joined Dou Luyu in shutting the gates to hold Liang out; when the city fell, he was killed. The second son Heng'an, through his elder brother's merit, was made Captain of the Hawkish Yang. Shaoyuan, a cousin of Sheng Shaoyuan, styled Shi, bore the childhood name Ren. He was tolerant and of great breadth, fond of the classics in the tombs, and cleverer than other men. When his father Chengye governed Shouchun, Shaoyuan was thirteen. Among Chengye's clerks was Wang Shuo, a man of letters; hearing Shaoyuan's strong memory, he reported to Chengye and asked to test him. Chengye ordered the test.
67
魏孝武西遷，紹遠隨承業奔赴，以功別封文安縣子。 大統二年，除太常卿，遷中書令，仍襲父爵。 後例降為公，改馮翊郡。 恭帝二年，累遷錄尚書事。 周文每謂群臣曰：「長孫公任使處，令人無反顧憂； 漢之蕭、寇，何足多也。 其容止堂堂，足為當今模楷。」 六官建，拜大司樂。 周閔踐祚，復封上黨郡公。
Shuo then tested him with the "Monthly Ordinances" chapter of the Book of Rites. Shaoyuan read several sheets; after only one pass he recited them as if flowing. Shuo sighed in admiration. He began his career as an aide in the Chancellor's Office. Later, as a subordinate general, he campaigned to pacify the Shu bandits of Hedong and was enfeoffed as Earl of Dong'e. When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei migrated west, Shaoyuan followed Chengye in haste to join him and, for merit, was separately enfeoffed as Viscount of Wen'an. In the second year of Datong he was made Minister of Ceremonies, moved to Palace Secretariat Director, and still inherited his father's title. Later, by precedent, his rank was reduced to duke and changed to the commandery of Fufeng. In the second year of the Gongdi reign he was promoted in succession to Director of the Masters of Writing.
68
初，紹遠為太常，廣召工人，創造樂器，唯黃鐘不調，每恆恨之。 嘗經韓使君佛寺，聞浮圖三層上鐸鳴，其音雅合宮調，因取而配奏，方始克諧。 乃啟明帝曰：「魏氏來宅秦、雍，雖祖述樂章，然黃鐘為君，天子之正位，往經創造，曆稔無成。 方知水行將季，木運伊始，天命有歸，靈樂自降。 此蓋乾坤祐助，宗廟致感。 方當降物和神，祚隆萬世。」 詔曰：「朕以菲薄，何德可以當之。 此蓋天地祖宗之祐，亦由公達鑒所致也。」 俄改授禮部中大夫。 時猶因魏氏舊樂，未遑更造，但去小呂，加大呂而已。 紹遠上疏陳雅樂，詔並行之。 紹遠所奏樂，以八為數。 故梁黃門侍郎裴正上書，以為昔者大舜欲聞七始，下洎周武，爰制七音。 持林鐘作黃鐘，以為正調之首。 詔與紹遠詳議。
Duke Wen of Zhou often told the assembled ministers: "Wherever Duke Changsun is placed in office, men feel no worry of looking back; the Han ministers Xiao and Kou—how could they be counted as much! His bearing and deportment are lofty—he is fit to be the model of today. When the Six Offices were established, he was made Grand Minister of Music. When Emperor Min of Zhou took the throne, he was again enfeoffed as Duke of Shangdang. Earlier, when Shaoyuan was Minister of Ceremonies, he widely summoned craftsmen to create musical instruments; only the Yellow Bell would not harmonize, and he constantly regretted it. Once, passing the Han envoy's Buddhist temple, he heard a bell on the third story of the pagoda ring; its tone elegantly matched the palace scale, and he took it to pair in performance—only then was harmony achieved. He then reported to Emperor Ming: "The house of Wei came to dwell in Qin and Yong; though it followed ancestral music, yet the Yellow Bell is sovereign—the Son of Heaven's true pitch—and through the years of creation it long went unachieved. Now I know the Water phase is ending and the Wood phase beginning—Heaven's mandate has a home, and numinous music descends of itself. This is surely the aid of Heaven and Earth and the feeling of the ancestral temples. Harmony will soon descend and spirits be at peace; fortune will tower for ten thousand generations." An edict said: "I am slight in virtue—what merit could match this!
69
正曰：「天子用八，非無典故； 縣而不擊，未聞厥理。 且黃鐘為天，大呂為地，太蔟為人。 今縣黃鐘而擊太蔟，便是虛天位專用人矣。」
This is the blessing of Heaven and Earth and the ancestors—and also from your far-seeing discernment. Soon he was transferred to Grand Master of the Ministry of Rites. At the time they still followed the old music of Wei and had not yet remade it, only removing the lesser pitch and enlarging the great pitch. Shaoyuan submitted a memorial setting forth elegant music, and an edict ordered it all carried out.
70
紹遠曰：「夫天不言，四時行焉。 地不言，萬物生焉。 人感中和之氣，居變通之道。 今縣黃鐘而擊太蔟，是天子端拱，群司奉職。 從此而議，何往不可？」
The music Shaoyuan submitted used eight as its number. Therefore Pei Zheng, former Gentleman of the Yellow Gate of Liang, submitted a memorial, holding that in antiquity Great Shun wished to hear the seven beginnings, and down to King Wu of Zhou, who then made the seven tones. He took the Forest Bell as Yellow Bell to serve as the head of the correct scale. An edict ordered detailed deliberation with Shaoyuan. Zheng said:
71
正曰：「案《呂氏春秋》曰：'楚之衰也，為作巫音； 齊之衰也，為作大呂。 '且大呂以下七鐘，皆是林鐘之調，何得稱為十一月調？ 專用六月之均，便是欲迎仲冬，猶行季夏。 以此而奏，深非至理。」
"The Son of Heaven uses eight—not without ancient precedent; but to suspend without striking—I have not heard the principle. Moreover Yellow Bell is Heaven, Great Bell is Earth, and Great Cluster is Man. Now to suspend Yellow Bell and strike Great Cluster is to leave Heaven's place empty and employ Man alone. Shaoyuan said:
72
紹遠曰：「卿之所言，似欲求勝。 若窮理盡性，自伐更深。 何者？ 案《周禮》祀天樂云：'黃鐘為宮，大呂為角。 '此則大呂之用，宛而成章。 雖知引呂氏之小文，不覺失周公之大禮。 且今縣大呂，則有黃鐘、林鐘，二均乃備。 春夏則奏林鐘，秋冬則奏黃鐘，作黃鐘不擊大呂，作林鐘不擊黃鐘。 此所謂左之右之； 君子宜之，右之左之，君子有之。 而卿不縣大呂，止有黃鐘一宮，便是季夏之時仍作仲冬之調。 以此為至理，無乃不可乎！ 然《周禮》又云：'乃奏黃鐘，歌大呂，以祀天神。 '謂五帝及日月星辰也。 王者各以夏之正月，祀感帝於南郊。 又朝日以春分，夕月以秋分，依如正禮，並用仲冬之調。 又曰：'奏太蔟，歌應鐘，以祭地祇。 '謂神州及社稷。 以春秋二仲，依如正禮，唯奏孟春之宮。 自外四望、山川、先妣、先祖，並各周宮，不依月變。 略舉大綱，則三隅可反。 然則還相為宮，雖有其義，引《禮》取證，乃不月別變宮。 且黃鐘為君，則陽之正位，若隨時變易，是君無定體。 而卿用林鐘，以為正調，便是君臣易位，陰陽相反。 正之名器，將何取焉？」
"Heaven does not speak, yet the four seasons proceed. Earth does not speak, yet the ten thousand things are born. Man feels the qi of harmonious centrality and dwells in the way of change and penetration. Now to suspend Yellow Bell and strike Great Cluster is the Son of Heaven sitting upright while the host of offices serve their duties. From this to argue, what could not be done? Zheng said: According to Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals it says: 'When Chu declined, they made shaman music; when Qi declined, they made the Great Bell. Moreover the seven bells below the Great Bell are all in the scale of the Forest Bell—how can they be called the eleventh-month scale? To use only the sixth-month mean is to wish to welcome mid-winter yet still walk in the last month of summer. To perform music on this basis is deeply against ultimate principle. Shaoyuan said: What you say seems to seek victory. If one exhausts principle and nature, self-praise cuts deeper. How so? According to the Rites of Zhou, music for sacrificing to Heaven says: 'Yellow Bell as gong, Great Bell as jue.' Thus the use of the Great Bell is already a complete pattern. Though you know to cite Master Lü's minor text, you do not notice that you lose the Duke of Zhou's great rites. Moreover, if the Great Bell is now suspended, Yellow Bell and Forest Bell are both present—the two means are complete. In spring and summer Forest Bell is played; in autumn and winter Yellow Bell—when Yellow Bell is played the Great Bell is not struck, when Forest Bell is played Yellow Bell is not struck. This is what is called 'the left of it' and 'the right of it'; the noble man approves it—the right of it and the left of it, the noble man has it. Yet you do not suspend the Great Bell and have only the one palace of Yellow Bell—then it is still the mid-winter season performing the mid-winter scale. To take this as ultimate principle—is it not impossible! Yet the Rites of Zhou also say: 'Then play Yellow Bell and sing the Great Bell to sacrifice to the Heavenly Spirit.' This means the Five Emperors and the sun, moon, and stars.
73
正曰：「今用林鐘為黃鐘者，實得相生之義。 既清且韻，妙合真體。 然八音平濁，何足可稱？」
Zheng said, "To use the Forest Bell as Yellow Bell now in fact obtains the meaning of mutual generation. Clear and resonant—subtly true to the root pitch. Yet what merit is there in the eight tones' level and muddy notes?"
74
紹遠曰：「天者陽位，故其音平而濁，濁則君聲。 地者陰位，故其音急而清，清則臣調。 然急清者于體易絕，平濁者在義可久。 可久可大，王者之基。 至於鄭、衛新聲，非不清韻，若欲施之聖世，吾所不取也。」 於是遂定，以八為數焉。
Changsun Shaoyuan said: "Heaven holds the yang position, so its tone is level yet muddy; muddy tone is the sovereign's voice. Earth holds the yin position, so its tone is urgent yet clear; clear tone is the minister's mode. Urgent clarity breaks off easily in the body; level mud endures in meaning. Endurance and greatness are the king's foundation. The new sounds of Zheng and Wei are not without clear tone—but to set them in a sage age, I would not take them." Thereupon it was fixed: eight would be the number.
75
尋拜京兆尹，曆少保、小司空，出為河州刺史。 河右戎落，向化日近，同姓婚姻，因以成俗。 紹遠導之以禮，大革弊風。 政存簡恕，百姓悅服。 入為小宗伯。
Soon he was made Metropolitan Governor of Jingzhao, then Junior Guardian and Junior Minister of Works, and went out as Inspector of Hezhou. On the river's right bank the tribes drew daily toward civilization; marriage within the same surname had become custom. Shaoyuan led them with ritual and greatly reformed corrupt custom. His rule was spare and forgiving; the people gladly obeyed. He entered the capital as Junior Director of the Imperial Clan.
76
武帝讀史書，見武王克殷而作七始，又欲廢八縣七，並除黃鐘之正宮，用林鐘為調首。 紹遠奏云：「天子縣八，百王共軌。 下逮周武，甫修七始之音。 詳諸經義，又無廢八之典。 且黃鐘為君，天子正位，今欲廢之，未見其可。 臣案《周禮》奏黃鐘，歌大呂，此則先聖之弘範，不易之明證。 願勿輕變古典，趣改樂章。」 帝默然久之，曰：「朕欲廢八縣七者，所望體本求直，豈苟易名。 當更思其義。」 後竟行七音。
Emperor Wu was reading histories and saw that when King Wu of Zhou conquered Yin he fashioned the seven beginnings; he also wished to abolish the eight suspended sets for seven, remove the Yellow Bell as the correct palace tone, and make Forest Bell the tuning head. Shaoyuan memorialized: "The Son of Heaven suspends eight sets—hundred kings share this track. Down to Zhou Wu, he had only just perfected the music of the seven beginnings. Examining the classics in detail, there is no canon for abolishing eight. Moreover the Yellow Bell is sovereign—the Son of Heaven's correct position; to abolish it now, I do not see how it can be done. Your servant finds in the Rites of Zhou: "Play the Yellow Bell, sing the Great Lü"—the former sages' great model, proof that cannot be changed. I beg that you not lightly alter the ancient canon or hasten to change the music chapters." The emperor was silent a long while and said: "My wish to abolish eight for seven is to seek the root of the body and pursue what is straight—not to change names carelessly. I shall think further on its meaning." Later he still carried out the seven tones.
77
屬紹遠遘疾，未獲面陳。 慮有司遽捐樂器，乃與樂部齊樹書曰：「伏聞朝廷前議，而欲廢八縣七。 然則天子縣八，有自來矣。 古先聖，殊塗一致； 逮周武克殷，逆取順守，專用干戈，事乖揖讓。 反求經義，是用七音，蓋非萬代不易之典。 其縣八筍虡，不得毀之。 宜待吾疾瘳，當別奏聞。」 此後紹遠疾篤，乃命其子覽曰：「夫黃鐘者，天子之宮。 大呂者，皇后之位。 今廢黃鐘之位，是祿去王室。 若用林鐘為首，是政出私門。 將恐八百之祚，不得同姬周之永也。 吾既為人臣，義無寢默，必輿疾固爭闕庭。」 後疾甚，乃上遺表曰：「謹案《春秋》隱公《傳》云：'天子用八。 '周禮雲天子縣二八，倕氏之鐘十六，母句氏之磬十六。 漢成帝獲古磬十六。 《周禮圖》縣十六。 此數事者，照爛典章。 揚搉而言，足為龜鏡。 伏惟陛下受圖蒼帝，接統玄精，秦、漢以還，獨為稱首。 至如周武，有事干戈，臣獨鄙之，而況陛下。 以臣自揣餘息，匪夕伊朝。 伏願珍禦萬機，不勞改八從七。」 帝省表涕零，重贈柱國大將軍，諡曰獻，號樂祖，配饗廟庭。 子覽嗣。
It happened that Shaoyuan fell ill and could not present his views in person. Fearing the offices would hastily discard the instruments, he wrote to Qi Shu of the Music Bureau: "I have heard the court lately debated abolishing eight for seven. Yet the Son of Heaven's suspension of eight has been so from antiquity. The ancient sages, though their paths differed, agreed in one; down to Zhou Wu's conquest of Yin, he took by reversal and kept by compliance, using arms alone—affairs contrary to yielding by courtesy. Turning back to seek the classics' meaning, he used the seven tones—hardly a canon unchanging for ten thousand generations. The eight suspended sets of bells and stands must not be destroyed. Wait until my illness clears; I shall memorialize separately." After this Shaoyuan's illness grew grave; he charged his son Lan: "The Yellow Bell is the Son of Heaven's palace. The Great Lü is the empress's position. Now to abolish the Yellow Bell's position is to strip salary from the royal house. If Forest Bell is made head, government issues from private gates. I fear the eight-hundred-year fortune may not match the Zhou's eternity. I have been a minister; in duty I cannot lie silent—I shall surely be carried in my illness to contend at the palace gate." When his illness grew worse he submitted a final memorial: "Your servant respectfully finds in the Spring and Autumn, Duke Yin's Tradition: 'The Son of Heaven uses eight. The Rites of Zhou say the Son of Heaven suspends two eights; the Zhui clan's bells number sixteen, the Mugou clan's chime-stones sixteen. Emperor Cheng of Han obtained ancient chime-stones numbering sixteen. The Diagram of the Rites of Zhou shows sixteen suspended. These several matters illuminate the canons. Weighing them and speaking, they suffice as a tortoise mirror. Your servant considers that Your Majesty received the chart from the Blue Emperor and succeeded to the Dark Essence; since Qin and Han, you alone are foremost in renown. As for Zhou Wu, he had recourse to arms—I alone despise him; how much more Your Majesty. Measuring my remaining breath, it is not evening but morning. I humbly beg that you treasure the myriad affairs and not trouble to change eight to seven." When the emperor read the memorial he wept; he posthumously enfeoffed him Grand General of the Pillar of State, posthumous name Xian, title Ancestor of Music, with matching sacrifice in the temple court. His son Lan succeeded.
78
紹遠子覽
Changsun Shaoyuan's son Lan
79
覽字休因，性弘雅，有器度，喜慍不形於色。 略涉書記，尤曉鐘律。 周明帝時，為大都督。 明帝以覽性質淳和，堪為師表，使事魯公，甚見親善。 及魯公即位，是為武帝，超拜車騎大將軍。 每公卿上奏，必令省讀。 覽有口辯，聲氣雄壯，凡所宣傳，百僚屬目。 帝每嘉歎之。 覽初名善，帝謂曰：「朕以萬機委卿先覽。」 遂賜名焉。 及誅宇文護，以功進封薛國公，累遷小司空。 從平齊，進位柱國。 武帝崩，受遺輔政。 宣帝時，位上柱國、大司徒，曆同、涇二州刺史。 隋文帝為丞相，轉宜州刺史。 開皇二年，將有事於江南，徵為東南道行軍元帥，統八總管出壽陽，水陸俱進。 師臨江，陳人大駭。 會陳宣帝殂，覽欲乘釁滅之，監軍高熲以禮不伐喪，乃還。 文帝命覽與安德王楊雄、上柱國元諧、李充、左僕射高熲、右衛大將軍虞慶則、吳州總管賀若弼等同宴。 上曰：「朕昔在周朝，備展誠節。 但苦被猜忌，每致寒心。 為臣若此，竟何情賴！ 朕與公等，共用終吉。 罪非謀逆，一無所問。 朕亦知公至誠侍太子，宜數參見之。 柱臣素望，實屬於公。 宜識朕意。」 其恩禮如此。 又為蜀王秀納覽女為妃。 後為涇州刺史。 卒官。
Lan, styled Xiuyin, was by nature magnanimous and refined, with bearing and capacity; joy and anger did not show on his face. He had slight acquaintance with documents and was especially versed in pitch pipes and scales. Under Emperor Ming of Zhou he was Grand Commander. Mingdi, because Lan's nature was pure and harmonious and fit to be a teacher's model, had him attend the Duke of Lu and showed him great favor. When the Duke of Lu took the throne as Emperor Wu, Lan was promoted in one step to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry. Whenever the high ministers submitted memorials, the emperor always had Lan review and read them. Lan had eloquence; his voice was strong and resonant; whatever he announced, the hundred officials fixed their eyes on him. The emperor often praised him in admiration. Lan's original name was Shan; the emperor said to him: "I entrust the myriad affairs to you for prior review." Thereupon he was granted the name Lan. When Yuwen Hu was executed, for merit he was advanced to Duke of Xue and successively made Junior Minister of Works. He followed in the pacification of Qi and was advanced to Pillar of State. When Emperor Wu died, he received the testament and assisted in government. Under Emperor Xuan he was Senior Pillar of State and Grand Minister of Education, and served as Inspector of Tong and Jing provinces. When Emperor Wen of Sui was Chancellor, Lan was transferred to Inspector of Yi Province. In the second year of Kaihuang, when there was to be an expedition against the south, he was summoned as Commander-in-Chief of the Southeast Route Army, commanding eight supreme commanders out of Shouyang, advancing by land and water together. When the army reached the Yangzi, the Chen people were greatly alarmed. It happened that Emperor Xuan of Chen died; Lan wished to seize the chance and destroy them, but the supervising general Gao Jiong, citing the rite of not attacking during mourning, turned back. Emperor Wen ordered Lan to feast together with Prince Andre Yang Xiong, Senior Pillar of State Yuan Xie, Li Chong, Left Vice Director Gao Jiong, Right Guards General Yu Qingze, Wu Prefecture Supreme Commander He Ruo Bi, and others. The emperor said: "In former days in the Zhou court I fully showed my loyalty. But I suffered from suspicion and was constantly chilled at heart. To be a minister like this—what affection can one rely on! I and you gentlemen shall share a fortunate end together. Crimes that are not treasonous plots—nothing will be asked. I also know that you are utterly loyal in serving the crown prince; you should often go to see him. The pillar minister's long-standing repute truly belongs to you. You should understand my intent." His favor and ritual were like this. He also had Prince Xiu of Shu take Lan's daughter as consort. Later he was Inspector of Jing Province. He died in office.
80
子洪嗣，位宋順臨三州刺史、司農少卿、北平太守。
His son Hong succeeded, holding the posts of Inspector of Song, Shun, and Lin provinces, Vice Minister of Agriculture, and Governor of Beiping.
81
紹遠弟澄
Shaoyuan's younger brother Cheng
82
澄字士亮，年十歲，司徒李琰之見而奇之，遂以女妻焉。 十四從父承業征討，有智謀，勇冠諸將。 以功封西華縣侯。 及長，容貌魁岸，風儀溫雅。 魏大統中，歷位豫、渭二州刺史。 以軍功，別封永甯縣伯，尋進覆津縣侯。
Cheng, styled Shiliang, at age ten was seen by Minister of Education Li Yanzhi and considered extraordinary; he gave him his daughter in marriage. At fourteen he followed his father Chengye on campaign; he had stratagems and his courage topped the generals. For merit he was enfeoffed Marquis of Xihua county. When grown, his appearance was towering and his bearing warm and refined. In the Great Unity era of Wei he successively held the posts of Inspector of Yu and Wei provinces. For military merit he was separately enfeoffed Baron of Yongning county, then advanced to Marquis of Fujin county.
83
魏文帝與周文及群公宴，從容曰：「《孝經》一卷，人行之本，諸君宜各引《孝經》之要言。」 澄應聲曰：「夙夜匪懈，以事一人。」 座中有人次云：「匡救其惡。」 既出西閣，周文深歎澄之合機，而譴其次答者。
Emperor Wen of Wei, at a banquet with Yuwen Tai and the assembled dukes, said at ease: "The Classic of Filial Piety in one scroll is the root of human conduct; you gentlemen should each cite a key passage from the Classic of Filial Piety." Cheng answered at once: "Rising early and never slackening, to serve one man." Someone in the assembly next said: "Rescue him from his evil." After leaving the western pavilion, Yuwen Tai deeply sighed at Cheng's hitting the mark and rebuked the one who answered next.
84
周孝閔帝踐阼，拜大將軍，進爵義門郡公。 出為玉壁總管，頗有威信。 卒于鎮，贈柱國，諡曰簡。 自喪初至及葬，明帝三臨之。 典祀中大夫宇文容諫曰：「君臨臣喪，自有節制。 今乘輿屢降，恐乖典禮。」 帝不從。 其為上所追惜如此。 子嶸嗣。
When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou took the throne, Cheng was appointed Grand General and advanced to Duke of Yimen commandery. He went out as Supreme Commander of Yubi and had considerable prestige and authority. He died in his post; posthumously enfeoffed Pillar of State, posthumous name Jian. From the first of mourning until the burial, Emperor Ming thrice came in person. Director of Sacrifices Zhongdafu Yuwen Rong remonstrated: "The ruler attending a minister's mourning has its own measure. Now the imperial carriage has repeatedly descended— I fear it strays from the canon." The emperor did not follow him. Such was the sovereign's mourning regret for him. His son Rong succeeded.
85
瓬弟禮，少以父任為散騎侍郎，與襄城公盧魯元等內侍。 恭敏有才志。 太武寵信之，曰：「其父親近吾祖，子在我左右，不亦宜乎。」
Fang's younger brother Li, in youth through his father's appointment was Gentleman Attendant at Leisure, and with Duke of Xiangcheng Lu Luyuan and others served within the palace. Respectful, keen, and talented in purpose. Emperor Taiwu favored and trusted him, saying: "His father was close to my grandfather; the son at my side—is it not fitting?"
86
長孫肥
Changsun Fei
87
長孫肥，代人也。 昭成時，年十三，以選內侍。 少有雅度，果毅少言。 道武之在獨孤及賀蘭部，常侍從，禦侮左右，帝深信仗之。 登國初，與莫題等俱為大將，屢有軍功。 後從平中山，以功賜爵琅邪公。 遷衛尉卿，改爵盧鄉。 時中山太守仇儒不樂內徙，亡匿趙郡，推趙准為主。 妄造妖言云：「燕東傾，趙當續。 欲知其名，淮水不足。」 准喜而從之，自號钜鹿公，儒為長史。 據關城，連引丁零，殺害長吏。 肥討破准於九門，斬仇儒，禽准。 詔以儒肉食准，傳送京師，轅之於市，夷其族。 除肥兗州刺史。
Changsun Fei was a man of Dai. In the time of Zhaocheng, at age thirteen he was chosen for inner attendance. In youth he had refined bearing, was resolute and spoke little. When Emperor Daowu was among the Dugu and Helan tribes, Fei constantly attended and followed, guarding against insult at his side; the emperor deeply trusted and relied on him. At the beginning of Dengguo he, with Mo Ti and others, were all great generals and repeatedly won military merit. Later he followed in the pacification of Zhongshan and for merit was granted the title Duke of Langye. He was transferred to Minister Steward and his title changed to Marquis of Luxiang. At that time the Administrator of Zhongshan, Qiu Ru, was unwilling to move inward; he fled and hid in Zhao commandery and set up Zhao Zhun as leader. He falsely made demonic words saying: "Yan tilts east; Zhao shall continue. If you wish to know his name, the Huai River is not enough." Zhun gladly followed him, styled himself Duke of Julu, and Ru served as Chief Clerk. They held Guan city, linked in the Dingling, and killed the chief officials. Fei defeated Zhun at Jiumen, beheaded Qiu Ru, and captured Zhun alive. An edict ordered that Ru's flesh be used to feed Zhun; he was sent to the capital, broken on the wheel at the market, and his clan exterminated. Fei was appointed Inspector of Yan Province.
88
姚平之寇平陽，道武征肥與毗陵王順等為前鋒。 平退保柴壁，帝進攻屠之。 遣肥還鎮兗州，撫慰河南，威信著於淮泗。 善策謀，勇冠諸將。 前後征討，未嘗失敗。 故每有大難，令肥當之； 南平中原，西摧羌寇，肥功居多，賞賜千計。 後降爵藍田侯。 卒，諡曰武，陪葬金陵。 子翰襲爵。
When Yao Ping raided Pingyang, Emperor Daowu campaigned and made Fei, with Prince of Piling Shun and others, the vanguard. Ping retreated to hold Chaiwall; the emperor advanced and stormed it. He sent Fei back to garrison Yan Province and comfort Henan; his prestige and trust were manifest on the Huai and Si. Skilled in stratagem, his courage topped the generals. In campaigns before and after, he never once failed. Therefore whenever there was great peril they put Fei in charge; in pacifying the central plains southward and crushing Qiang raiders westward, Fei's merit was greatest; rewards numbered in the thousands. Later his title was reduced to Marquis of Lantian. He died; posthumous name Wu, buried with honor at Jinling. His son Han succeeded to the title.
89
翰少有父風。 道武時，以善騎射，為獵郎。 明元之在外，翰與元磨渾等潛謀奉迎。 明元即位，與磨渾等拾遺左右。 以功累遷平南將軍。 率眾鎮北境，威名甚著。 太武即位，封平陽王。 蠕蠕大檀之入寇雲中，太武親征之。 遣翰與東平公娥清出長川討大檀。 大檀北遁，追擊克獲而還。 遷司徒。 從襲赫連昌，破之。 翰清正嚴明，喜撫將士，薨，太武為之流涕，親臨其喪。 喪禮依安城王叔孫俊故事。 諡曰威，陪葬金陵。
Han in youth had his father's manner. Under Emperor Daowu, for skill in mounted archery he was made Hunt Officer. When Mingyuan was abroad, Han with Yuan Mohun and others secretly plotted to welcome and install him. When Mingyuan took the throne, he and Mohun and others attended to remonstrance at the emperor's side. For merit he was repeatedly promoted to General Who Pacifies the South. He led troops to garrison the northern frontier; his martial renown was very great. When Emperor Taiwu took the throne, he was enfeoffed Prince of Pingyang. When the Rouran khan Datan invaded Yunzhong, Emperor Taiwu campaigned in person. He sent Han with Duke of Dongping E Qing out of Changchuan to attack Datan. Datan fled north; they pursued, struck, captured booty, and returned. He was transferred to Minister of Education. He followed in the assault on Helian Chang and defeated him. Han was upright, pure, and strict and bright; he delighted in comforting officers and soldiers; when he died, Emperor Taiwu wept for him and came in person to his mourning. Mourning rites followed the precedent of Prince of Ancheng Shusun Jun. Posthumous name Wei, buried with honor at Jinling.
90
子成襲爵，降為公，位南部尚書。 卒，陪葬金陵。 翰弟陵，位駕部尚書。 性寬厚，好學愛士。 封吳郡公，贈吳郡王。 諡恭，陪葬金陵。
His son Cheng succeeded to the title, reduced to duke, and held the post of Director of the Southern Department. He died, buried with honor at Jinling. Han's younger brother Ling held the post of Director of the Imperial Stud. By nature generous and broad; he loved learning and cherished scholars. Enfeoffed Duke of Wu commandery, posthumously made Prince of Wu commandery. Posthumous name Gong, buried with honor at Jinling.
91
論曰：昭成之末，眾叛親離。 長孫嵩寬厚沈毅，任重王室，曆事累世，邈為元老。 生則宗臣，歿祀清廟，美矣！ 儉器識明允，智謀通贍，堂堂焉有公輔之望，謇謇焉有王臣之節。 而處朝廷之日少，在方嶽之日多，何哉？ 平識具該通，出內流譽，取諸開物成務，蓋亦有隋之榱桷也。 道生恭慎廉約，兼著威名，見知明主，聲入歌奏。 二公並列，暉炫朝野，門祉世祿，榮被後昆。 雖漢世八王，無以方其茂績； 張氏七葉，不能譬此重光。 子彥勇烈絕倫，紹遠樂聲特妙； 熾乃早稱英俊，覽乃獨擅雄辯。 不然則何以並統師旅，俱司禮閣，鐘鼎不墜，且公且侯？ 晟體資英武，兼包奇略。 因機制變，懷彼戎夷，傾巢盡落，屈膝稽顙。 塞垣絕鳴鏑之旅，渭橋有單于之拜。 惠流邊朔，功光王府，保茲世祿，不亦宜乎！ 肥結髮內侍，雄武自立，軍鋒所指，罔不棄散，關、張萬人敵，未足多也。 翰有父風，不殞先構，臨喪加禮，抑有由哉！
The commentators say: At the end of Zhaocheng, subjects rebelled and kin turned away. Changsun Song was generous, deep, and resolute, bearing the weight of the royal house, serving through many reigns, remote as a founding elder. In life a pillar of the state; in death honored in the clear temple—how fine! Jian's capacity and insight were bright and fair, his stratagems penetrating and ample; towering, he had the look of a chief minister; stern and upright, he had a king's minister's integrity. Yet why were his days at court so few and his days on the frontier so many? Ping's knowledge was comprehensive and penetrating; within and without his fame flowed; taken from opening things and completing tasks, he was perhaps also a rafter beam for Sui. Daosheng was respectful, cautious, frugal, and restrained, and together bore a martial name; known to a bright lord, his voice entered song and performance. The two dukes stood side by side, their brilliance dazzling court and countryside; their house's blessing and hereditary salary, glory covering later generations. Though the eight kings of Han cannot match their lush achievements; the seven generations of the Zhang clan cannot compare with this doubled glory. Ziyan's courage and fierceness were unmatched; Shaoyuan's music was uniquely subtle; Chi was early hailed as outstanding; Lan alone excelled in bold eloquence. Otherwise how could they together command armies, jointly oversee the ritual offices, bells and tripods not fallen—and be both duke and marquis? Sheng's person combined heroic martial bearing and embraced singular stratagems. He seized the moment and adapted; he turned on those frontier tribes—their nests overturned and all fell, knees bent and foreheads to the ground. On the border ramparts the whistling arrows fell silent; at the Wei Bridge a chieftain bowed in submission. His grace flowed to the northern frontier; his merit lit the royal house— to preserve this hereditary salary, was it not fitting! Fei bound his hair and served in the inner palace; by martial prowess he stood alone; wherever his army's edge pointed, foes scattered—Guan and Zhang, each a match for ten thousand, are hardly worth extra praise. Han had his father's manner and did not ruin the ancestral house; the emperor's added rites at his mourning—there was cause for that.