1
司馬休之司馬楚之劉昶蕭寶夤蕭正表蕭祗蕭退蕭泰蕭撝蕭圓肅蕭大圜
Sima Xiuzhi, Sima Chuzhi, Liu Chang, Xiao Baoyin, Xiao Zhengbiao, Xiao Zhi, Xiao Tui, Xiao Tai, Xiao Hui, Xiao Yuansu, and Xiao Dahuan
2
列傳第十七
Biographies 17
3
司馬休之司馬楚之曾孫裔司馬景之司馬叔璠司馬天助劉昶蕭寶夤兄子贊蕭正表蕭祗蕭退蕭泰蕭捴蕭圓肅蕭大圜
Sima Xiuzhi, Sima Chuzhi, great-grandson Yi, Sima Jingzhi, Sima Shufan, Sima Tianzhu, Liu Chang, Xiao Baoyin, nephew Zan, Xiao Zhengbiao, Xiao Zhi, Xiao Tui, Xiao Tai, Xiao Hui, Xiao Yuansu, and Xiao Dahuan
4
司馬休之，字季豫，河內溫人，晉宣帝季弟譙王進之後也。 晉度江之後，進子孫襲封譙王。 至休之父恬，為鎮北將軍、青兗二州刺史。 天興五年，休之為荊州刺史，被桓玄逼逐，遂奔慕容德。 及玄誅，還建業，復為荊州刺史。
Sima Xiuzhi, styled Jiyu, was from Wen in Henei, descended from Prince Jin of Qiao, youngest brother of Jin's Emperor Xuan. After the Jin crossed south, the line of Prince Jin held the Qiao title in succession. Xiuzhi's father Tian was General Who Pacifies the North and dual Inspector of Qing and Yan. In Tianxing year 5 he governed Jing until Huan Xuan expelled him and he fled to Murong De. After Xuan's death he returned to Jiankang and resumed the Jing inspectorship.
5
休之頗得江漢人心。 其子文思繼其兄尚之為譙王，謀圖劉裕。 裕執送休之，令為其所。 休之表廢文思，並與裕書陳謝。 神瑞中，裕收休之子文寶、兄子文祖並殺之，乃討休之。 休之與魯宗之及宗之子軌起兵討裕。 兵敗，遂與子文思及宗之奔姚興。 裕滅姚泓，休之與文思及晉河間王子道賜等數百人皆將妻子降長孫嵩。 卒，贈征西大將軍、右光祿大夫、始平公，諡曰聲。
He had won deep goodwill along the Jiang and Han. His son Wensi succeeded elder brother Shangzhi as Prince of Qiao and plotted against Liu Yu. Yu seized him and used him as his instrument. Xiuzhi petitioned to depose Wensi and wrote Yu apologizing. In Shenrui, Yu killed Xiuzhi's son Wenbao and nephew Wenzu, then attacked Xiuzhi. Xiuzhi joined Lu Zongzhi and Zongzhi's son Gui in arms against Yu. Beaten, he fled with Wensi and Zongzhi to Yao Xing. When Yu destroyed Yao Hong, Xiuzhi, Wensi, Prince Zidaosi of Hejian, and hundreds more surrendered to Changsun Song with their families. He died and was posthumously Grand General Who Conquers the West, Right Grandee of Splendid Virtue, Duke of Shiping, posthumous name Sheng.
6
文思與淮南公國璠、池陽子道賜不平，而偽親之。 國璠性疏直，因醉欲外叛。 文思告之，皆坐誅。 以文思為廷尉，賜爵郁林公。 文思善於其職，聽斷，百姓不得匿其情。 進爵譙王，位懷荒鎮將，薨。
Wensi disliked Duke Guo Fan of Huainan and Zidaosi of Chiyang but pretended friendship. Guo Fan was blunt; drunk once, he meant to flee. Wensi informed; all were put to death. Wensi became Minister of Justice and Duke of Yulin. He excelled at his post; in court the people could not conceal the facts. He rose to Prince of Qiao and General Who Pacifies the Wilderness, then died.
7
司馬楚之，字德秀，晉宣弟太常馗之八世孫也。 父榮期，晉益州刺史，為其參軍楊承祖所殺。 楚之時年十七，送父喪還丹楊。 會劉裕誅夷司馬氏，叔父宣期、兄貞之並遇害。 楚之乃逃，匿諸沙門中，濟江至汝、潁間。 楚之少有英氣，能折節待士。 及宋受禪，規欲報復。 收眾據長社，歸之者常萬餘人。 宋武深憚之，遣刺客沐謙圖害楚之。 楚之待謙甚厚。 謙夜詐疾，知楚之必來，欲因殺之。 楚之聞謙病，果自齎湯藥往省之。 謙感其意，出匕首于席下，以狀告，遂委身以事之。 其推誠信物，得士心，皆此類也。
Sima Chuzhi, styled Dexiu, was eight generations from Grand Commandant Kui, Jin Emperor Xuan's younger brother. His father Rongqi, Jin's Yi Inspector, was killed by aide Yang Chengzu. Chuzhi was seventeen and bore his father's coffin back to Danyang. When Liu Yu purged the Simas, uncle Xuanqi and brother Zhenzhi perished. He hid among monks, crossed the river, and reached the Ru–Ying country. From youth he had heroic bearing and knew how to win men by courtesy. When the Song took the throne he plotted vengeance. He held Changshe with more than ten thousand followers. Song's Emperor Wu sent the assassin Mu Qian against him. Chuzhi treated Qian with exceptional kindness. Qian feigned sickness at night, sure Chuzhi would visit and meaning to strike then. Hearing of the illness, Chuzhi came in person with soup and medicine. Moved, Qian drew the dagger from under the mat, confessed the plot, and served him thereafter. Winning hearts by sincerity was always his way.
8
明元末，山陽公奚斤略地河南，楚之遣使請降，授荊州刺史。 奚斤既平河南，以楚之所率人戶，分置汝南、汝陽、南頓、新蔡四郡，以益豫州。 太武初，楚之遣妻子內居於鄴。 尋征入朝，授安南大將軍，封琅邪王，以拒宋師。 賜前後部鼓吹。 破宋將到彥之別軍於長社。 又與冠軍安頡攻拔滑台，禽宋將硃修之、李元德及東郡太守申謨，俘萬餘人。 上疏求更進討，太武以兵久勞，不從，以散騎常侍征還。 宋將裴方明、胡崇之寇仇池。 楚之與淮南公皮豹子等督關中諸軍擊走方明，禽崇之。 仇池平而還。
Late in Mingyuan, Duke Xi Jin of Shanyang took Henan; Chuzhi surrendered and was made Jing Inspector. After Henan fell, his households were split among Runan, Ruyang, Nandun, and Xincai to swell Yu. Early in Taiwu he sent family to live inside at Ye. Soon at court he was Grand General Who Pacifies the South and Prince of Langye against Song. He received front and rear guard musicians. He routed Song general Dao Yanzhi's detached force at Changshe. With Champion An Qi he took Huatai, capturing Zhu Xiuzhi, Li Yuande, Dongjun's Shen Mo, and over ten thousand men. He asked to press the attack; Taiwu, the troops weary, refused and recalled him as Regular Attendant. Song generals Pei Fangming and Hu Chongzhi attacked Chouchi. Chuzhi with Duke Pi Baozi of Huainan commanded Guanzhong forces, routed Fangming, and took Chongzhi. Chouchi pacified, he returned.
9
車駕征蠕蠕，楚之與濟陰公盧中山等督運以繼大軍。 時鎮北將軍封遝亡入蠕蠕，說令擊楚之以絕糧運。 蠕蠕乃遣覘楚之軍，截驢耳而去。 有告失驢耳者，楚之曰：「必覘賊截之為驗耳，賊將至矣。」 乃伐柳為城，灌水令凍，城立而賊至，不可攻逼，乃走散。 太武聞而嘉之。 尋拜假節、侍中、鎮西大將軍、開府儀同三司、雲中鎮大將、朔州刺史。
On the Rouran campaign Chuzhi with Duke Lu Zhongshan of Jiyin directed supply trains for the main host. General Feng Dang had fled to the Rouran and urged them to hit Chuzhi and sever supplies. The Rouran scouted his camp, clipped donkeys' ears, and withdrew. Told of the clipped ears, Chuzhi said, "Scouts took them as proof—the foe is near. He felled willows, flooded them to ice a wall; when the enemy came they could not breach it and broke away. Taiwu heard and praised him. Soon acting credentials, Palace Attendant, Grand General Who Pacifies the West, Grand Marshal equal to the Three Excellencies, Yunzhong commander, and Shuo Inspector.
10
金龍初納太尉、隴西王源賀女。 生子延宗，次纂，次悅。 後娶沮渠氏，生子徽亮，即河西王沮渠牧犍女，太武妹武威公主所生也。 有寵于文明太后，故以徽亮襲。 例降為公，坐連穆泰罪，失爵，卒。
In Jinlong's opening he wed Grand Commandant Yuan He's daughter, Duchess of Longxi. Sons Yanzong, then Zuan, then Yue. Later a Juqu wife bore Huiliang—daughter of King Juqu Mujian of Hexi, child of Taiwu's sister Princess Wuwei. Favored by Empress Dowager Wenming, Huiliang inherited the house. Reduced by precedent to duke, implicated in Mu Tai's affair he lost rank and died.
11
悅字慶宗，歷位豫州刺史。 時有汝南上蔡董毛奴者，齎錢五千。 死于道路。 郡縣人疑張堤為劫，又於堤家得錢五千，堤懼掠，自誣言殺。 至州，悅觀色，疑其不實。 引見毛奴兄靈之，謂曰：「殺人取錢，當時狼狽，應有所遺，得何物？」 靈之曰：「唯得一刀削。」 悅取視之，曰：「此非裏巷所為也。」 乃召州內刀匠示之。 有郭門前曰：「此刀削，門手所作，去歲賣與郭人董及祖。」 悅收及祖詰之，及祖款引。 靈之又于及祖身上得毛奴所衣皁襦，及祖伏法。 悅察獄，多此類也。
Yue, styled Qingzong, became Inspector of Yu. In Runan's Shangcai a man named Dong Maonu carried five thousand cash. He died on the road. Locals suspected Zhang Di; five thousand cash was found at his house; fearing torture he confessed murder. At the province Yue read his face and doubted the confession. He summoned brother Lingzhi: "A killer in haste leaves something—what was it? Lingzhi said, "Only a knife-handle plane. Yue inspected it: "No alley thug made this. He called the province's blade-makers. One at the Guo Gate said a gate artisan made it and sold it last year to Dong Jizu. Yue seized Jizu; he confessed everything. On Jizu Lingzhi found Maonu's black jacket; Jizu was executed. Yue's prison work was often thus.
12
俄與鎮南將軍元英攻克義陽，詔改梁司州為郢州，以悅為刺史。 改為豫州刺史； 論前勳，封漁陽子。 永平元年，城人白早生謀為叛，遂斬悅首送梁。 詔揚州移購悅首，贈青州刺史，諡曰莊子。 子朏襲。
Soon with Yuan Ying he took Yiyang; Liang's Si became Ying and Yue was made inspector. He was shifted to Inspector of Yu; for past merit he was enfeoffed Marquis of Yuyang. Yongping year 1, Bai Zaosheng rebelled and sent Yue's head to Liang. Yang Province was ordered to ransom the head; posthumously Qing Inspector, posthumous name Zhuangzi. Son Fei inherited.
13
朏尚宣武妹華陽公主，拜駙馬都尉、員外散騎常侍。 卒，贈滄州刺史。 子鴻，字慶雲，生粗武。 襲爵，位都水使者，坐通西魏，賜死。 子孝政襲。 齊受禪，例降。 朏弟裔。
Fei wed Princess Huayang, sister of Xuanwu, and became Commandant of Horse Guards and supernumerary attendant. He died and was posthumously Cang Inspector. Son Hong, styled Qingyun, was rough and martial. He inherited, served as Commissioner of Waterways, and was executed for ties to Western Wei. Son Xiaozheng inherited. When Qi took the throne his rank was reduced by precedent. Fei's younger brother Yi.
14
裔字遵胤，少孤，有志操。 起家司徒府參軍事，後為員外散騎常侍。 大統三年，大軍復弘農，乃于溫城送款歸西魏。 六年，授北徐州刺史。 八年，入朝。 周文帝嘉之，特蒙賞勞。 頃之，河內有四千餘家歸附，並裔之鄉舊，乃命領河內郡守，令安集流人。 十五年，周文令山東立義諸將等能率眾入關者，並加重賞。 裔領戶千室先至，周文欲以封裔。 裔辭曰：「立義之士，遠歸皇化者，皆是其誠心內發，豈裔能率之乎？ 今以封裔，便是賣義士以求榮。」 周文善而從之。 授帥都督，拜其妻元為襄城郡公主。
Yi, styled Zunyin, was orphaned young but steadfast. He began in the Minister of State's office, later supernumerary attendant. Datong 3, when Hongnong was recovered, he submitted at Wencheng to Western Wei. Year 6 he became Northern Xu Inspector. Year 8 he came to court. Zhou's Emperor Wen praised and specially rewarded him. Soon four thousand Henei households, his old neighbors, submitted; he was made Henei magistrate to settle refugees. Year 15 Zhou Wen promised added reward to eastern leaders who could bring men through the Pass. Yi brought a thousand households first; Wen meant to enfeoff him for it. Yi declined: "Righteous men who return from afar act from their own hearts—how could I lead them? Enfeoffing me now would be buying glory with righteous men. Wen approved and let it pass. He was made Commander-in-Chief; his wife Yuan became Princess of Xiangcheng.
15
周孝閔帝踐祚，除巴州刺史，進使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵琅邪縣伯。 四年，為禦正中大夫，進爵為公。 大軍東討，裔與少師楊舣守軹關，即授懷州刺史。 天和初，隨上庸公陸騰討信州反蠻冉令賢等。 裔自開州道入，先遣使宣示禍福，群蠻率服。 曆信、潼二州刺史。 六年，徵拜大將軍，除西寧州刺史，未及部，卒于京師。
At Xiaomin's accession he was Ba Inspector, then Commissioner, Agile Cavalry Grand General, Grand Marshal equal to the Three Excellencies, Baron of Langye. Year 4 he became Chief Rectifier and was advanced to duke. On the eastern campaign Yi with Yang Yi held Zhiguan and was made Huai Inspector. At Tianhe's start he followed Duke Lu Teng of Shangyong against Xinzhou rebels Ran Lingxian and others. He entered by Kaizhou, proclaimed fortune and ruin, and the tribes submitted. He governed Xin and Tong in turn. Year 6 he was summoned Grand General and Xining Inspector but died in the capital before taking post.
16
裔性清約，不事生產，所得俸祿，並散之親戚； 身死之日，家無餘財。 宅宇卑陋，喪庭無所，詔為起祠堂焉。 贈本官，加泗州刺史，諡曰定。 子侃嗣。
Yi lived plainly and gave all salary to kin; at his death the house held nothing. His house was mean; no hall for mourning—an edict raised a shrine. Posthumously his rank plus Si Inspector, posthumous name Ding. Son Kan inherited.
17
侃字道遷，少果勇，未弱冠，便從戎旅。 位樂安郡守，以軍功，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 遷兗州刺史，未之部，卒。 贈本官，加豫州刺史，諡曰惠。 子運嗣。
Kan, styled Daoyuan, was bold young and took the field before capping age. He governed Lean, and for merit gained Agile Cavalry Grand General and Grand Marshal equal to the Three Excellencies. Shifted to Yan Inspector, he died before arriving. Posthumously his rank plus Yu Inspector, posthumous name Hui. Son Yun inherited.
18
金龍弟躍，字寶龍，尚趙郡公主，拜駙馬都尉。 代兄為雲中鎮將，拜朔州刺史，假安北將軍、河內公。 表求罷河西苑封，丐人墾殖。 有司執奏，此苑麋鹿所聚，太官取給，若丐人，懼有所闕。 躍固請，孝文從之。 還為祠部尚書、大鴻臚卿、潁川王師，卒。
Younger brother Yue, styled Baolong, wed Princess of Zhao and became Commandant of Horse Guards. He replaced his brother at Yunzhong, became Shuo Inspector, acting General Who Pacifies the North, Duke of Henei. He asked to open the Hexi imperial park to settlers. Offices objected: elk feed the kitchen; opening it might leave a shortfall. Yue pressed on; Xiaowen agreed. He returned as Minister of the Imperial Clan, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, tutor to Prince of Yingchuan, then died.
19
楚之父子相繼鎮雲中，朔土服其威德。
Father and son held Yunzhong in turn; the north honored their might and virtue.
20
司馬氏桓玄、劉裕之際歸北者，又有司馬景之、叔璠、天助，位並崇顯。
Other Simas who fled north in the days of Huan Xuan and Liu Yu—Jingzhi, Shufan, Tianzhu—also rose high.
21
景之字洪略，晉汝南王亮之後。 明元時歸闕，賜爵蒼梧公，加征南大將軍。 清直有節操。 卒，贈汝南王。 子師子襲爵。
Jingzhi, styled Honglue, descended from Jin's Prince Liang of Runan. In Mingyuan he came to court, was made Duke of Cangwu and Grand General Who Pacifies the South. He was upright and principled. He died and was posthumously Prince of Runan. Son Shizi inherited.
22
景之兄准，字巨之，以泰常末歸魏。 封新安公。 除廣甯太守，改密陵侯。 卒，子安國襲爵。
Elder brother Zhun, styled Juzhi, came to Wei late in Taichang. He was enfeoffed Duke of Xin'an. He governed Guangning, then was made Marquis of Miling. He died; son Anguo inherited.
23
叔璠，晉安平獻王孚之後。 父曇之，晉河間王。 桓玄、劉裕之際，叔璠與兄國璠奔慕容超。 後投姚泓。 泓滅，奔屈丐。 統萬平，兄弟俱入魏。 國璠賜爵淮南公，叔璠賜爵丹楊侯。
Shufan descended from Jin's Prince Xian Fu of Anping. His father Tanzhi was Jin Prince of Hejian. In the turmoil Shufan and brother Guo Fan fled to Murong Chao. Later he joined Yao Hong. When Hong fell he fled to Qu Mugai. When Tongwan fell both brothers entered Wei. Guo Fan became Duke of Huainan; Shufan Marquis of Danyang.
24
天助，自雲晉驃騎將軍元顯之子。 歸闕，封東海公，曆青、兗二州刺史。
Tianzhu was son of Jin's Agile Cavalry General Yuanxian. At court he was Duke of Donghai and dual Inspector of Qing and Yan.
25
昶好犬馬，愛武事。 入魏曆紀，猶布衣皁冠，同凶素之服。 然呵罵僮僕，音雜夷夏。 雖在公坐，諸王每侮弄之。 或戾手齧臂，至於痛傷，笑呼之聲，聞於御聽。 孝文每優假之，不以怪問。 至於陳奏本國事故，語及征役，則斂容涕泗，悲動左右。 而天性褊躁，喜怒不恆。 每至威忿，楚撲特苦； 引待南士，禮多不足。 緣此，人懷畏避。
Chang loved hounds and horses and delighted in arms. In Wei through several reigns he still wore plain cloth and black cap like mourning dress. Yet he abused servants in a mixed barbarian-Chinese tongue. Even in open court the princes mocked him. Some twisted his hand or bit his arm till he cried; laughter reached the throne. Xiaowen always indulged him and never took offense. Yet memorializing on his old country and corvée he wept till all beside him grieved. By nature he was narrow and volatile. In rage his beatings were savage; toward southerners his courtesy often failed. Men feared him and kept their distance.
26
太和初，轉內都坐大官。 及齊初，詔昶與諸將南伐。 路經徐州，哭拜其母舊堂，哀感從者。 乃遍循故居，處處隕涕，左右亦莫不酸鼻。 及至軍所，將臨陣，四面拜諸將士，自陳家國滅亡，蒙朝廷慈覆。 辭理切至，聲氣激揚，涕泗橫流，三軍咸為感歎。 後昶恐水雨方降，表請還師，從之。
Early in Taihe he became Director of the Inner Court's Grand Provisioners. At Qi's founding Chang was ordered south with the generals. At Xuzhou he wept at his mother's old hall and moved his escort. He walked his old streets weeping; companions wept with him. Before battle he bowed to the ranks, saying his state was gone and only the court's grace remained. His words were keen, his voice fierce; tears ran; the whole army sighed. Later, fearing rain, he asked to withdraw and was allowed.
27
又加儀同三司，領儀曹尚書。 于時改革朝儀，詔昶與蔣少遊專主其事。 昶條上舊式，略不遺忘。 孝文臨宣文堂，引武興王楊集始入宴，詔昶曰：「集始，邊方之酋，不足以當諸侯之禮。 但王者不遺小國之臣，故勞公卿於此。」 又為中書監。 開建五等，封昶齊郡公，加宋王之號。
He was again Grand Marshal equal to the Three Excellencies and head of Rites. The court reformed ritual; Chang and Jiang Shaoyou were put in sole charge. Chang listed the old forms and forgot almost nothing. At Xuanwen Hall Xiaowen feasted Prince Yang Jishi of Wuxing and told Chang, "A frontier chief cannot match feudal rites—yet the throne does not disdain small states' ministers, so we trouble you nobles here. That is why you are wearied here. He was again Director of the Secretariat. When five ranks were founded he was Duke of Qi Commandery with the added title King of Song.
28
十七年，孝文臨經武殿，大議南伐。 語及劉、蕭篡奪之事，昶每悲泣不已。 帝亦為之流涕，禮之彌崇。
Year 17 Xiaowen at Jingwu Hall debated the southern war. Speaking of Liu and Xiao usurpations he wept without cease. The emperor wept too and honored him the more.
29
十八年，除使持節、都督吳越楚彭城諸軍事、大將軍、開府，鎮徐州。 昶頻表辭大將軍，詔不許。 及發，帝親餞之，命百寮賦詩贈昶。 又以其文集一部賜昶。 帝因以所制文筆示之曰：「時契勝殘，事鐘文業。 雖則不學，欲罷不能。 脫思一見，故以相示，雖無足味，聊復為一笑耳。」 其重昶如是。 自昶背彭城，至是久矣，昔齋宇山池，並尚存立； 昶更修繕，還處其中。 不能綏邊懷物，撫接義故，而閨門喧猥，內外奸雜，舊吏莫不慨歎。 預營墓于彭城西南，與三公主同塋而異穴。 發石累之，墳崩，壓殺十餘人。 後復移改，公私費害。
Year 18 he was Commissioner, area commander of Wu, Yue, Chu, and Pengcheng, Grand General and Grand Marshal at Xuzhou. He repeatedly declined Grand General; the throne refused. At departure the emperor feasted him and ordered poems from the hundred offices. He also gave a volume of his own writings. The emperor showed his own writing and said, "Times favor ending slaughter; affairs turn on letters. Though I do not study, I cannot stop. I wished you to see them—thin fare, but perhaps a laugh. He valued Chang to that degree. Long since he left Pengcheng his old halls, hills, and pools still stood; Chang restored them and lived there again. He failed the border and old friends while his household grew riotous and corrupt; veterans sighed. He prepared a tomb southwest of Pengcheng, sharing a mound with the Third Princess but not her vault. While piling stone the mound collapsed and killed more than ten. Later it was moved again at great public and private cost.
30
昶嫡子承緒，主所生也。 少而尪疾，尚孝文妹彭城長公主，為駙馬都尉，先昶卒。
Eldest son Chengxu was the princess's child. Frail from youth, he wed Xiaowen's sister Princess of Pengcheng, was Commandant of Horse Guards, and predeceased Chang.
31
承緒子暉，字重昌，為世子，襲封。 尚宣武第二姊蘭陵長公主。 主嚴妒，暉嘗私幸主侍婢。 有身，主笞殺之； 剖其孕子，節解，以草裝實婢腹，裸以示暉。 暉遂忿憾，疏薄公主。 公主姊因入聽講，言其故于靈太后。 太后敕清河王懌窮其事。 懌與高陽王雍、廣平王懷奏其不和狀，請離婚，削除封位。 太后從之。 公主在宮內周歲，雍等屢請聽復舊義。 太后流涕送公主，誡令謹敕。 正光初，暉又私淫張、陳二氏女。 公主更不檢忌。 主姑陳留公主共將扇獎，與暉復致忿諍。 暉推主墜床，手腳毆蹈，主遂傷胎。 暉懼罪逃逸。 靈太后召清河王懌決其事。 二家女髡笞會宮，兄弟皆坐鞭刑。 徙配敦煌為兵。 主因傷致薨，太后親臨慟哭，舉哀太極東堂。 出葬城西，太后親送數里，盡哀而還。 後執暉于河內溫縣，幽于司州，將加死刑。 會赦，免。 後復其官爵，遷征虜將軍、中散大夫，卒，家遂衰頓。
Chengxu's son Hui, styled Chongchang, was heir and inherited. He married Xuanwu's second elder sister, Princess of Lanling. The princess was fiercely jealous; Hui once lay with her maid. The maid conceived; the princess beat her dead; she cut out the child, dismembered it, stuffed straw in the maid's belly, and showed the corpse naked to Hui. Hui nursed hatred and grew cold toward her. Her elder sister, attending lectures at court, told Empress Dowager Ling. The empress dowager ordered Prince Yi of Qinghe to investigate. Yi with Prince Yong of Gaoyang and Prince Huai of Guangping reported their strife and sought divorce and loss of rank. The empress dowager agreed. A year in the palace Yong and others repeatedly asked to restore the marriage. The empress dowager wept sending her back and warned her to be restrained. Early in Zhengguang Hui again lay secretly with daughters of Zhang and Chen. The princess no longer restrained him. Her aunt Princess of Chenliu fanned the affair on, and Hui quarreled with the princess again. Hui threw her from the bed and trampled her; she miscarried. Fearing punishment, Hui fled. Empress Dowager Ling summoned Prince Yi of Qinghe to judge. The Zhang and Chen daughters were shaved and flogged at court; their brothers were whipped. They were sent to Dunhuang as soldiers. The princess died of her wounds; the empress dowager mourned at the eastern hall of the Supreme Ultimate. Buried outside the west wall; the empress dowager escorted her several li and returned in grief. Later Hui was taken at Wen in Henei, held in Si Province, and marked for death. An amnesty spared him. Later rank was restored; he was General Who Conquers the Barbarians and Regular Attendant, then died—the house faded.
32
蕭寶夤，字智亮，齊明帝第六子，廢主寶卷之母弟也。 在齊封建安王。 及和帝立，改封鄱陽王。 梁武克建業，以兵守之，將加害焉。 其家閹人顏文智與左右麻拱、黃神密計，穿牆夜出寶夤。 具小船於江岸，脫本衣服，著烏布襦； 腰系千許錢，潛赴江畔； 躡屩徒步，腳無全皮。 防守者至明追之。 寶夤假為釣者，隨流上下十餘里，追者不疑。 待散，乃度西岸。 遂委命投華文榮。 文榮與其從天龍、惠連等三人，棄家，將寶夤遁匿山澗，賃驢乘之，晝伏宵行。 景明二年，至壽春東城戍。 戍主杜元倫推檢，知實蕭氏子，以禮延待。 馳告揚州刺史、任城王澄。 澄以車馬侍衛迎之。 時年十六，徒步憔悴，見者以為掠賣生口也。 澄待以客禮。 乃請喪君斬衰之服，澄遣人曉示情禮，以喪兄之制，給其齊衰，寶夤從命。 澄率官僚赴吊。 寶夤居處有禮，不飲酒食肉； 輟笑簡言，一同極哀之節。 壽春多其故義，皆受慰唁。 唯不見夏侯一族，以其同梁故也。 改日造澄，澄深器重之。
Xiao Baoyin, styled Zhiliang, was Qi Emperor Ming's sixth son, younger brother of deposed Emperor Baojuan's mother. In Qi he was Prince of Jian'an. When Emperor He acceded he was made Prince of Poyang. When Liang's Emperor Wu took Jiankang, guards were set to kill him. Eunuch Yan Wenzhi with Ma Gong and Huang Shen broke through the wall at night and stole him out. A small boat waited on the bank; they stripped his robes for a black cloth jacket; he tied a thousand-odd cash at his waist and stole to the shore; in sandals he walked until his feet had no whole skin. Guards pursued at dawn. He played fisherman, drifting ten li; pursuers passed him by. When they broke off he crossed to the west bank. He then cast himself on Hua Wenrong. Wenrong with Tianlong, Huilian, and three others abandoned home, hid him in the hills, rode hired donkeys, and marched by night. Jingming year 2 he reached Shouyang's eastern garrison. Garrison chief Du Yuanlun identified a true Xiao prince and received him with ceremony. He reported at once to Yang Inspector Prince Cheng of Rencheng. Cheng came with carriage, horses, and escort. Sixteen, on foot and haggard, onlookers took him for a sold captive. Cheng treated him as a guest. He asked for hemp mourning for a slain sovereign; Cheng explained ritual and gave him second-degree hemp for a slain elder brother; Baoyin obeyed. Cheng led officials to mourn. Baoyin lived with ritual; no wine or meat; he ceased laughter and spoke little, in utmost mourning. Many old associates in Shouyang came; he received them in mourning. He avoided the Xiahous, being Liang men. Another day he called on Cheng, who prized him deeply.
33
及至京師，宣武禮之甚重。 伏訴闕下，請兵南伐，雖遇暴風大雨，終不暫移。 是年，梁江州刺史陳伯之與其長史褚胄等自壽春歸降，請軍立效。 帝謂伯之所陳，時不可失。 以寶夤懇誠，除使持節、都督、東揚州刺史、鎮東將軍、丹楊郡公、齊王，配兵一萬，令據東城，待秋冬大舉。 寶夤明當拜命，其夜慟哭。 至晨，備禮策授，賜車馬什物，事從豐厚，猶不及劉昶之優隆也。 又任其募天下壯勇，得數千人。 以文智等三人為積弩將軍，文榮等三人為強弩將軍，並為軍主。 寶夤雖少羈寓，而志性雅重。 過期猶絕酒肉，慘悴形色，蔬食粗衣，未嘗嬉笑。 及被命當南伐，貴要多相憑托，門庭賓客若市。 而書記相尋，寶夤接對報復，不失其理。
At the capital Xuanwu honored him greatly. He knelt at the gate begging troops south; through storm he did not stir. That year Liang's Jiang Inspector Chen Bozhi with Chu Zhou surrendered from Shouyang offering service. The emperor said Bozhi's offer could not wait. For his earnestness he was Commissioner, eastern commander, Eastern Yang Inspector, General Who Pacifies the East, Duke of Danyang, Prince of Qi, with ten thousand men at the eastern wall till autumn's campaign. The night before investiture he wept in anguish. At dawn full investiture came with rich gifts—yet still short of Liu Chang's favor. He was allowed to recruit braves and gathered thousands. Wenzhi's three became powerful-crossbow generals; Wenrong's three strong-crossbow generals—all army commanders. Young and long exiled, his will was still elegant and grave. Past mourning he still abstained; haggard, in vegetables and coarse cloth, he never laughed. Ordered south, the powerful crowded his gate like a market. Letters piled up; he answered each without losing reason.
34
正始元年，寶夤行達汝陰，東城已陷，遂停壽春之棲賢寺。 逢梁將姜慶真內侵，圍逼壽春。 寶夤率眾力戰，破走之。 寶夤勇冠諸軍，聞見者莫不壯之。 還，改封梁郡公。 及中山王英南伐，寶夤又表求征。 與英頻破梁軍，乘勝攻鐘離。 淮水泛溢，寶夤與英狼狽引退，士卒死沒者十四五。 有司奏處以極法。 詔恕死，免官削爵還第。
Zhengshi year 1 he reached Ruyin; the eastern wall had fallen, so he halted at Shouyang's Qixian Temple. Liang's Jiang Qingzhen invaded and besieged Shouyang. Baoyin fought hard and routed him. His courage topped the armies; all who saw were stirred. On return he was made Duke of Liang Commandery. When Prince Ying of Zhongshan marched south Baoyin again asked to go. With Ying he repeatedly beat Liang and pressed Zhongli. The Huai flooded; Baoyin and Ying fled in disorder; four or five in ten drowned. Offices asked the extreme penalty. An edict spared death, stripped office and rank, and sent him home.
35
尋尚南陽長公主。 公主有婦德，寶夤盡雍和之禮，雖好合而敬事不替。 寶夤每入室，公主必立以待之，相遇如賓，自非太妃疾篤，未曾歸休。 寶夤器性溫順，自處以禮，奉敬公主，內外庇穆。 清河王懌親而重之。
Soon he married the Princess of Nanyang. The princess was virtuous; he kept full harmony; fond yet never slack in respect. When he entered she stood; they met as guests; unless the queen mother was gravely ill he never rested within. Gentle and compliant, he kept ritual, revered her, and household and court were at peace. Prince Yi of Qinghe was kin and prized him.
36
永平四年，盧昶克梁朐山戍，以琅邪戍主傅文驥守之。 梁師攻文驥，昶督眾軍救之。 詔寶夤為使持節、假安南將軍，別將長驅往赴，受昶節度。 寶夤受詔，泣涕橫流，哽咽良久。 後昶軍敗，唯寶夤全師而還。
Yongping year 4 Lu Chang took Liang's Zhushan; Langye chief Fu Wenji held it. Liang attacked Wenji; Chang led the host to relieve him. Baoyin was Commissioner and acting General Who Pacifies the South, a separate column under Chang. Receiving the edict he wept and choked long. Later Chang was beaten; only Baoyin brought the army back whole.
37
延昌初，除瀛州刺史，復其齊王，遷冀州刺史。 及大乘賊起，寶夤遣軍討之，頻為賊破。 台軍至，乃滅之。 靈太后臨朝，還京師。
Yanxi's start made him Ying Inspector, restored Prince of Qi, then Ji Inspector. When Mahayana rebels rose he sent troops and was repeatedly beaten. When the capital army came they were destroyed. Empress Dowager Ling held court; he returned to the capital.
38
梁將康絢於浮山堰淮以灌揚、徐。 除寶夤使持節、都督東討軍事、鎮東將軍以討之，復封梁郡公。 熙平初，梁堰既成，淮水將為揚、徐之患，寶夤乃於堰上流更鑿新渠，水乃小減。 乃遣壯士千餘人夜度淮，燒其竹木營聚，破其三壘，火數日不滅。 又分遣將破梁將垣孟孫、張僧副等於淮北。 仍度淮南，焚梁徐州刺史張豹子等十一營。 及還京師，為殿中尚書。 寶夤之在淮堰，梁武寓書招誘之。 寶夤表送其書，陳其忿毒之意。 志存雪復，屢請居邊。 神龜中，為都督、徐州刺史、車騎大將軍。 乃起學館於清東，朔望引見土姓子弟，接以恩顏，與論經義。 勤於聽理，吏人愛之。
Liang's Kang Xuan dammed the Huai at Fushan to flood Yang and Xu. Baoyin was eastern commander and General Who Pacifies the East against him, again Duke of Liang Commandery. Xiping's start: Liang's dam threatened Yang and Xu; Baoyin cut a channel above it and eased the flood. He sent a thousand men by night across the Huai, burned bamboo camps, broke three forts; fires burned for days. Separate columns defeated Liang generals Yuan Mengsun and Zhang Sengfu north of the Huai. He crossed south and burned eleven camps of Liang's Xu Inspector Zhang Baozi and others. Back at court he was Director of the Palace Department. At the Huai dam Liang's Emperor Wu sent a letter to entice him. Baoyin forwarded the letter and declared his bitter resolve. His heart was vengeance; he repeatedly asked the border. In Shengui he was Xuzhou commander and Grand General of Cavalry. He raised a school east of Qing and on the first and fifteenth summoned local sons to discuss the classics. Diligent in judgment, clerks and people loved him.
39
正光二年，徵為尚書左僕射。 善於吏職，甚有聲名。 四年，上表曰：
Zhengguang year 2 he was summoned as Left Secretariat Vice Director. Skilled in office work, he won great fame. In year 4 he memorialized:
40
竊惟文武之名，在人之極地； 德行之稱，為生之最首。 忠貞之美，立朝之譽； 仁義之號，處身之端。 自非職惟九官，任當四嶽，授曰爾諧，讓稱俞往，將何以克厭大名，允茲令問。 自比以來，官罔高卑，人無貴賤，皆飾辭假說，用相褒舉。 求者不能量其多少，與者不能核其是非，遂使冠履相貿，名實皆爽。 謂之考功，事同泛陟，紛紛漫漫，焉可勝言！ 又在京之官，積年十考。 其中，或所事之主，遷移數四； 或所奉之君，身亡廢絕。 雖當時文簿，記其殿最，日久月遙，散落都盡。 累年之後，方求追訪，無不苟相悅附，共為脣齒； 飾垢掩疵，妄加丹素，趣令得階而已，無所顧惜。 賢達君子，未免斯患； 中庸已降，夫復何論！ 官以求成，身以請立，上下相蒙，莫斯為甚。
I reflect that civil and martial names stand at men's utmost; virtue and conduct are life's foremost titles. Loyalty and integrity are praise at court; benevolence and righteousness begin personal conduct. Unless one holds the nine ministries or the four mountains' charge—with "you shall harmonize" in appointment and "we go" in yielding—how bear the great name and fulfill fine repute? Lately, high or low, noble or base—all polish borrowed phrases to praise each other. Givers cannot verify truth; caps and shoes trade places; name and fact both fail. Merit review becomes indiscriminate promotion—endless confusion, beyond telling! Again, capital officials pile ten years of reviews. Some have served masters who shifted three or four times; Or the lord they served was dead or deposed. Records of the day were lost over the years. Years later, when records were sought back, everyone flattered one another like allies; they whitewashed faults and pushed promotions, caring only for rank. Even the worthy were not spared; for lesser men, needless to say. Men sought posts to finish their aims and bodies to secure standing; deceit between ranks was worst of all.
41
又勤恤人隱，咸歸守令，厥任非輕，所責實重。 然及其考課，悉以六載為約，既而限滿代還，復經六年而敘。 是則歲周十二，始得一階。 于東西兩省，文武閒職，公府散佐，無事冗官，或數旬方應一直，或朔望止於暫朝。 及其考日，更得四年為限。 是則一紀之中，便登三級。 彼以實勞劇任，而遷貴之路至難； 此以散位虛名，而升陟之方甚易。 何內外之相縣，令厚薄之若此！
People's grievances rested on local magistrates, whose burden was heavy. Yet their review used a six-year term, then six more years before promotion. Twelve years passed for one rank. In the two capitals' ministries, idle civil and military posts and redundant staff might answer one duty in weeks or attend court only on the first and fifteenth. Their review again allowed four years. In one twelve-year cycle they rose three ranks. Men in hard real posts found promotion very hard; idle title-holders found it very easy. How vast the gap between inner and outer service!
42
孟子曰：「仁義忠信，天爵也； 公卿大夫，人爵也。 古之人，修其天爵而人爵從之。」 故雖文質異時，汙隆殊世，莫不寶茲名器，不以假人。 是以賞罰之科，恆自持也。 乃至周之藹藹，五叔無官； 漢之察察，館陶徒請。 誠以賞罰一差，則無以懲勸； 至公暫替，則覬覦相欺。 故至慎至惜，殷勤若此。 況乎親非肺腑，才乖秀逸，或充單介之使，始無汗馬之勞； 或說興利之規，終縣十一之潤。 皆虛張無功，妄指贏益； 坐獲數階之官，籍成通顯之貴。 於是巧詐萌生，偽辯鋒出，役萬慮以求榮，開百方而逐利。 抑之則其流已往，引之則有何紀極！
Mencius said, "Benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, and faith are Heaven's rank; dukes, ministers, and grandees are man's rank. The ancients cultivated Heaven's rank and man's rank followed. Thus in every age they treasured rank and title and did not lend them lightly. Reward and punishment were always strictly upheld. Even in flourishing Zhou the five uncles had no posts; under Han scrutiny, Guantao only made a request. If reward and punishment slipped, there was no warning or encouragement; if fairness faltered, men schemed against one another. Hence they were cautious and sparing to this degree. Much less when kin were not close, talent was slight, some held a lone envoy's post without battle toil; or touted profit plans that ended as empty elevenfold gains. All boasted false merit and false profit; they gained several ranks by fraud and rose to visible rank. Then fraud and sharp talk flourished; men spent endless schemes for glory and profit. Check it and the flood had passed; indulge it—where would it end!
43
夫琴瑟在於必和，更張求其適調。 去者既不可追，來者猶或宜改。 案《周官》：太宰之職，歲終，則令官府各正所司，受其會計，聽其事致而詔于王。 三歲，則大計群吏之政而誅賞之。
Like a zither, government needs retuning to harmony. The past cannot be chased; the future may still be changed. The Zhou Offices say: at year's end the Grand Steward had each office correct its charge, settle accounts, report results, and announce them to the king. Every three years he reckoned officials' governance and rewarded or punished them.
44
愚謂今可粗依其准。 見居官者，每歲終，本曹皆明辨在官日月，具核才行能否，審其實用。 而注其上下，遊辭宕說，一無取焉。 列上尚書，覆其合否。 如有紕繆，即正而罰之，不得方復推詰委下，容其進退。 既定其優劣，善惡交分，經奏之後，考功曹別書于黃紙、油帛。 一通則本曹尚書與令僕印署，留于門下； 一通則以侍中黃門印署，掌在尚書。 嚴加緘密，不得開視。 考績之日，然後對共裁量。 其外內考格，裁非庸管，乞求博議，以為畫一。 若殊謀異策，事關廢興，遐邇所談，物無異議者，自可臨時斟酌，匪拘恆例。 至如援流引比之訴，貪榮求級之請。 如不限以關鍵，肆其傍通，則蔓草難除，涓流遂積，穢我彝章，撓茲大典，謂宜明加禁斷，以全至化。
I think we might roughly follow that standard today. Each year every bureau should record months in post, judge ability and conduct, and note real usefulness. Record grades up or down; take no idle boasting. Submit lists to the Masters of Writing for review. On error, punish at once; do not pass cases down and let men slip through. After grades were fixed and memorialized, Merit Review should write separate records on yellow paper and oiled silk. One copy the bureau director and chief secretaries sealed and kept at the Gate Department; one copy the Palace Attendant and Yellow Gate sealed and kept in the Masters of Writing. Seal it strictly; no one may open it. Only on review day should they judge together. Inner and outer review rules need broad discussion for one standard. Unique policies on which all agreed might be weighed at the time, not by fixed rule. As for precedent-chasing appeals and greedy requests for rank. Without strict limits, abuses would spread and defile the law; they should be clearly forbidden.
45
詔付外博議，以為永式。 竟無所改。
An edict sent it out for broad discussion as a permanent rule. Nothing was changed in the end.
46
時梁武弟子西豐侯正德來降，寶夤表曰：「正德既不親親，安能親人。 脫包此凶醜，置之列位，百官是象，其何誅焉？ 臣釁結禍深，痛纏骨髓，日暮途遙，報復無日，豈區區於一豎哉！ 但才雖庸近，職居獻替，愚衷寸抱，敢不申陳。」 正德既至京師，朝廷待之尤薄，歲餘，還叛。
When Liang Wudi's brother Marquis of Xifeng Zhengde surrendered, Baoyin wrote, "Zhengde was unfilial to kin—how can he be loyal to others? If this villain is seated among officials, what example do we set for punishment? My feud runs deep and revenge seems far—but this is not about one petty man alone! Though my talent is slight, my post is remonstrance; I dare not stay silent. Zhengde reached the capital, was treated coldly, and after a year rebelled again.
47
初，秦州城人薛伯珍、劉慶、杜遷等反，執刺史李彥，推莫折大提為首，自稱秦王。 大提尋死，其第四子念生竊號天子，年曰天建。 置官寮，以息阿胡為太子，其兄阿倪為西河王，弟天生為高陽王，伯珍為東郡王，安保為平陽王。 天生率眾出隴東，遂寇雍州，屯于黑水。 朝廷甚憂之，除寶夤開府、西道行台，為大都督，西征。 明帝幸明堂以餞之。 寶夤與大都督崔延伯擊天生大破之，追奔至小隴。 進討高平賊帥万俟醜奴于安定，更有負捷。
Qinzhou men Xue Bozhen, Liu Qing, and Du Qian rebelled, seized Inspector Li Yan, and made Moqi Dati King of Qin. Dati soon died; his fourth son Niansheng styled himself emperor, era Tianjian. He set up offices: Xi Ahu crown prince, Ani King of Xihe, Tiansheng King of Gaoyang, Bozhen King of Dongjun, Anbao King of Pingyang. Tiansheng marched from Longdong, raided Yong, and camped at Heishui. The court made Baoyin commissioner with staff, western route commander, and sent him west. Emperor Ming saw him off at the Bright Hall. Baoyin and Grand Commander Cui Yanbo routed Tiansheng and pursued to Xiaolong. He advanced on Wan Qichounu at Anding and won again.
48
時有天水人呂伯度兄弟始共念生同逆，後與兄眾保于顯親聚眾討念生。 戰敗，奔于胡琛。 琛以伯度為大都督、秦王，資其士馬，還征秦州。 大破念生將杜粲于成紀，又破其金城王莫折普賢于水洛城，遂至顯親。 念生率眾身自拒戰，又大敗。 伯度乃背胡琛，遣其兄子忻和率騎東引大軍。 念生事迫，乃詐降於寶夤。 朝廷嘉伯度立義之功，授涇州刺史、平秦郡公。 而大都督元脩義、高聿停軍隴口，久不西進。 念生復反，伯度為醜奴所殺。 故賊勢更甚，寶夤不能制。
Lu Baidu of Tianshui first joined Niansheng, then with his brother Zhongbao at Xianqin raised troops against him. Defeated, he fled to Hu Chen. Chen made Baidu grand commander and King of Qin, gave him troops, and sent him back into Qinzhou. He routed Du Can at Chengji and Moqi Puxian at Shuilo, then reached Xianqin. Niansheng fought in person and was routed again. Baidu turned on Hu Chen and sent his nephew Xinhe east to summon the imperial army. Pressed, Niansheng feigned surrender to Baoyin. The court praised Baidu's loyalty and made him Inspector of Jing and Duke of Pingqin. Grand Commander Yuan Xiuyi and Gao Yu halted at Longkou and would not advance. Niansheng rebelled again; Chounu killed Baidu. The rebels grew stronger and Baoyin could not control them.
49
孝昌二年，除寶夤侍中、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、假大將軍、尚書令，給前後部鼓吹。 寶夤初自黑水，終至平涼，與賊相對，年年攻擊，賊亦憚之。 關中保全，寶夤之力。 三年正月，除司空公。 出師既久，兵將疲弊，是月大敗，還雍州。 有司處寶夤死罪，詔恕為編戶。 四月，除征西將軍、雍州刺史、開府、西討大都督，自關以西，皆受節度。 九月，念生為其常山王杜粲所殺，合門皆盡。 粲降寶夤。 十月，除尚書令，復其舊封。
Xiaochang 2 made Baoyin palace attendant, general of agile cavalry, equal to three departments, acting great general, director of the masters of writing, with full processional music. From Heishui to Pingliang Baoyin fought the rebels yearly; they feared him too. Guanzhong was preserved by Baoyin's effort. In the third year, first month, he was made Duke of Works. The army was worn; that month he was routed and returned to Yong. The court sentenced him to death; an edict reduced him to commoner status. In the fourth month he became general who pacifies the west, inspector of Yong, commissioner, western expedition commander; all west of the Pass obeyed him. In the ninth month Du Can killed Niansheng and wiped out his house. Can surrendered to Baoyin. In the tenth month he was director of the masters of writing and his old fief was restored.
50
時山東、關西，寇賊充斥，王師屢北，人情沮喪。 寶夤自以出師累年，糜費尤廣，一旦覆敗，慮見猜責，內不自安。 朝廷頗亦疑阻。 及遣御史中尉酈道元為關中大使，寶夤謂密欲取己，將有異圖，問河東柳楷。 楷曰：「大王齊明帝子，天下所屬，今日之舉，實允人望。 且謠言：'鸞生十子九子攵段，一子不攵段關中亂。 '武王有亂臣十人，亂者理也，大王當理關中，何所疑慮？」
Bandits filled Shandong and Guanxi; imperial armies kept losing; morale sank. After years of costly war and one great defeat, he feared blame and grew uneasy. The court too grew suspicious. When Imperial Censor-in-Chief Li Daoyuan came as Guanzhong envoy, Baoyin feared arrest and asked Liu Kai of Hedong. Kai said, "You are Qi Emperor Ming's son and the realm looks to you; this move fits men's hopes. A rumor says, 'Luan bore ten sons; nine were executed, one was not—Guanzhong fell into turmoil.' King Wu had ten 'disorderly' ministers—disorder means to govern; you should govern Guanzhong; why doubt?"
51
道元行達陰盤驛，寶夤密遣其將郭子恢等攻殺之，而詐收道元屍，表言白賊所害。 遂反，僭舉大號，大赦其部內，稱隆緒元年，立百官。 詔尚書僕射、行台長孫承業討之。 時北地毛鴻賓與其兄遐糾率鄉義，將討寶夤。 寶夤遣其將侯終德往攻遐。 終德還圖寶夤，軍至白門，寶夤始覺。 與終德戰，敗，攜公主及其少子與部下百餘騎從後門出，遂奔万俟醜奴。 醜奴以寶夤為太傅。
At Yinpan Post Baoyin secretly had Guo Zihui kill Daoyuan, then claimed white bandits had done it. He rebelled, declared an era, amnestied his territory, styled Longxu year one, and set up offices. An edict sent Vice Director and Mobile Secretariat Chief Changsun Chengye against him. Mao Hongbin of Beidi and his brother Xia led local levies against Baoyin. Baoyin sent Hou Zhongde against Xia. Zhongde turned on Baoyin; when his army reached White Gate Baoyin realized it. Defeated, he took the princess and youngest son with a hundred riders out the rear gate and fled to Wan Qichounu. Chounu made Baoyin grand tutor.
52
爾硃天光遣賀拔嶽等破醜奴于安定，追禽醜奴及寶夤，並送京師。 詔置閶闔門外都街中，京師士女聚觀，凡經三日。 吏部尚書李神俊、黃門侍郎高道穆並與寶夤素舊，二人相與左右，言于莊帝，雲其逆跡事在前朝，冀將救免。 會應詔王道習時自外至，莊帝問道習在外所聞。 道習曰：「唯聞陛下欲不殺蕭寶夤。 人云李尚書、高黃門與寶夤周款，並居得言之地，必能全之。」 道習因曰：「若謂寶夤逆在前朝，便將恕之； 敗在長安，為醜奴太傅，並非陛下禦曆之日？ 賊臣不翦，法欲安施？」 帝然其言，乃於太僕駝牛署賜死。 將刑，神俊攜酒就之敘故舊，因對之下泣。 寶夤夷然自持，了不憂懼，唯稱推天委命，恨不終臣節。 公主攜男女就寶夤訣別，慟哭極哀，寶夤亦色貌不改。
Erzhu Tianguang sent Heba Yue to defeat Chounu at Anding, captured Chounu and Baoyin, and sent them to the capital. They were displayed in the avenue outside Changhe Gate while the capital watched for three days. Li Shenjun and Gao Daomu, Baoyin's old friends, told Emperor Zhuang his treason was under the former reign and hoped to save him. Responding-Edict Wang Daoxi arrived; the emperor asked what he had heard outside. Daoxi said, "I only heard that Your Majesty will not kill Xiao Baoyin. People say Director Li and Yellow Gate Gao are close to Baoyin and can save him. Daoxi added, "If treason under the former reign excuses him, was not his defeat at Chang'an as Chounu's grand tutor under Your Majesty's reign too? If rebel ministers are spared, how is law applied? The emperor agreed and had him granted death at the Grand Stud Camel and Ox Office. Before execution Shenjun brought wine, spoke of old times, and wept. Baoyin was calm and unafraid, saying he submitted to fate and regretted not dying a loyal minister. The princess came to farewell with the children, weeping bitterly; Baoyin's face did not change.
53
寶夤三子皆公主所生，並凡劣。 長子烈，復尚明帝妹建德公主，拜駙馬都尉，坐寶夤反，伏法。 次子權與小子凱射戲，凱矢激，中之，死。 凱妻，長孫承業女也，輕薄無禮，公主數加罪責。 凱竊銜恨，妻復惑說之。 天平中，凱遣奴害公主。 乃轘凱於東市。 妻梟首，家遂滅。 寶夤兄子贊。
Baoyin's three sons by the princess were all mediocre. Eldest son Lie married Princess of Jiande, became commandant of the horse guards, and was executed for Baoyin's rebellion. Second son Quan and youngest Kai were shooting; Kai's arrow glanced and killed Quan. Kai's wife, Changsun Chengye's daughter, was frivolous; the princess often punished her. Kai secretly resented her; his wife egged him on. In Tianping Kai sent a slave to kill the princess. He was dismembered by cart at the eastern market. His wife was exposed; the house was destroyed. Baoyin's nephew Zan.
54
贊字德文，本名綜。 初，梁武滅齊，齊廢主東昏侯寶卷宮人吳氏始孕，匿不言； 及生贊，梁武以為己子，封豫章王。 及長，學涉有才思。 其母告之以實。 贊晝則談謔，夜則銜悲涕泣。 有濟陰苗文寵、安定梁話，贊曲加禮接，割血自誓，布以心腹。 寵、話感其情義，深相然諾。 會元法僧以彭城叛入梁，梁武命贊都督江北諸軍事，鎮彭城。 時明帝遣安豐王延明、臨淮王彧討之，贊與寵、話夜奔延明。
Zan, styled Dewen, was originally named Zong. When Liang Wudi destroyed Qi, palace woman Wu of deposed Eastern Hunter Prince Baojuan hid her pregnancy; when Zan was born Wudi treated him as his son and made him Prince of Yuzhang. Grown, he was learned and clever. His mother told him the truth. By day he jested; by night he wept in grief. He honored Jiyin's Miao Wenchong and Anding's Liang Hua, cut blood to swear, and made them confidants. Wenchong and Hua were moved and pledged themselves deeply. When Yuan Faseng rebelled at Pengcheng and entered Liang, Wudi made Zan commander north of the Yangzi at Pengcheng. Emperor Ming sent Prince of Anfeng Yanming and Prince of Linhuai Yu; Zan fled by night with Wenchong and Hua to Yanming.
55
孝昌元年秋，屆於洛陽。 陛見後，就館舉哀，追服三載。 寶夤時在關西，遣使觀察，問其形貌，斂眉悲感。 朝廷賞賜豐渥，禮遇隆厚，授司空，封高平郡公、丹楊王。 及寶夤反，贊怖，欲奔白鹿山，至河橋，為北中所執。 朝議明其不相干預，仍蒙慰免。
In autumn, Xiaochang 1, he reached Luoyang. After audience he lodged and mourned three years. Baoyin in Guanxi sent men to observe him and grieved at his likeness. The court richly rewarded him, made him director of works, Duke of Gaoping, and King of Danyang. When Baoyin rebelled Zan fled toward Bailu Mountain and was seized at Heqiao. The court found him uninvolved and pardoned him.
56
建義初，轉司徒，遷太尉，尚帝姊壽陽長公主，拜駙馬都尉。 出為都督齊州刺史、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 寶夤見禽，贊拜表請寶夤命。
At Jianyi he became minister of state, then grand commandant, married Princess of Shouyang the Long, and was commandant of the horse guards. He went out as commissioner of Qizhou, general of agile cavalry, and commissioner equal to three departments. When Baoyin was captured Zan begged for his life.
57
爾硃兆入洛，為城人趙洛周所逐。 公主被錄送京，爾硃世隆欲相陵逼。 公主守操被害。 贊既棄州，為沙門，潛詣長白山。 未幾，至陽平，病卒。
When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang city man Zhao Luozhou drove him off. The princess was seized for the capital; Erzhu Shilong meant to violate her. She kept her integrity and was killed. Zan abandoned his province, became a monk, and went secretly to Changbai Mountain. Soon after, at Yangping, he died of illness.
58
贊機辯，文義頗有可觀，而輕薄俶儻，猶有父風。 普泰初，迎其喪，以王禮與公主合葬嵩山。
Zan was quick-witted and literate, but frivolous like his father. In Putai his coffin returned and he was buried with the princess at Mount Song with princely rites.
59
元象初，吳人盜其喪還江東，梁武猶以為子，祔葬蕭氏墓焉。 贊，江南有子，在魏無後。
In Yuanxiang Wu men stole his coffin to the south; Wudi still buried him as his son in the Xiao tombs. Zan had a son in the south; in Wei he left no heir.
60
蕭正表，字公儀，梁武帝弟臨川王宏之子也。 在梁封山陰縣侯，位北徐州刺史，鎮鐘離。 正表長七尺九寸，雖質貌豐美，而性理短暗。
Xiao Zhengbiao, styled Gongyi, was son of Wudi's brother Prince of Linchuan Hong. In Liang he was Marquis of Shanyin, northern Xuzhou inspector at Zhongli. He stood seven feet nine inches, handsome but dull of mind.
61
初，梁武未有子，以正表兄西豐侯正德為子。 及自有子，正德歸本，私懷忿憾，以正光三年，背梁奔魏。 魏朝以其人才庸劣，不禮焉。 尋逃歸梁，梁武不之罪，封為臨賀王。
Earlier Wudi had no son and adopted Zhengbiao's brother Marquis of Xifeng Zhengde. When Wudi had his own son, Zhengde returned home resentful; in Zhengguang 3 he fled to Wei. Wei treated him coldly as mediocre talent. He soon fled back; Wudi did not punish him and made him Prince of Linhe.
62
侯景將濟江，知正德有恨，密與交通，許推為主，正德以船迎之。 景度，攻揚州。 正表聞正德為侯景所推，盤桓不赴援。 景尋以正表為南兗州刺史，封南郡王。 正表遂于歐陽立柵，斷梁援軍。 南兗州刺史南康王蕭會理遣兵擊破之。 正表走還鐘離，以武定七年，據州內屬，封蘭陵郡王。 尋除侍中、太子太保、開府儀同三司。 薨，贈司空公，諡曰昭烈。 子廣壽。
Hou Jing, knowing Zhengde's grudge, secretly promised him the throne; Zhengde met him with boats. Jing crossed and attacked Yangzhou. Zhengbiao heard Zhengde was Hou Jing's choice and did not march to rescue. Jing soon made Zhengbiao southern Yanzhou inspector and King of Nanjun. Zhengbiao set a palisade at Ouyang and blocked Liang relief. Southern Yanzhou Inspector Prince of Nankang Xiao Huili defeated him. He fled to Zhongli; in Wuding 7 he submitted and was made King of Lanling. Soon he was palace attendant, grand tutor of the heir, and commissioner equal to three departments. He died; posthumously duke of works, posthumous name Zhaolie. Son Guangshou.
63
蕭祗，字敬式，梁武帝弟南平王偉之子也。 少聰敏，美容儀。 在梁封定襄縣侯，位東揚州刺史。 于時江左承平，政寬人慢。 祗獨蒞以嚴切，梁武悅之，遷北兗州刺史。 太清二年，侯景圍建業，祗聞台城失守，遂來奔，以武定七年至鄴。 齊文襄令魏收、邢邵與相接對。 歷位太子少傅，領平陽王師，封清河郡公。 齊天保初，授右光祿大夫，領國子祭酒。 時梁元帝平侯景，復與齊通好，文宣欲放祗等還南。 俄而西魏克江陵，遂留鄴。 卒，贈中書監、車騎大將軍、揚州刺史。
Xiao Zhi, styled Jingshi, was son of Wudi's brother Prince of Nanping Wei. From youth he was clever and handsome. In Liang he was Marquis of Dingxiang and eastern Yangzhou inspector. The lower Yangzi was at peace; government was lax and people were slow. Zhi alone governed strictly; Wudi was pleased and moved him to northern Yanzhou. Taiqing 2, when Jing besieged Jianye, Zhi fled; in Wuding 7 he reached Ye. Qi Wenzang had Wei Shou and Xing Shao receive him. He became junior tutor of the heir, tutor to Prince of Pingyang, and Duke of Qinghe. At Tianbao he was right grand master of splendid happiness and director of the national university. When Liang Yuan Di pacified Hou Jing and renewed ties with Qi, Wensuan meant to send Zhi south. Soon Western Wei took Jiangling and he stayed at Ye. He died; posthumously director of the secretariat, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and Yangzhou inspector.
64
子放，字希逸，隨祗至鄴。 祗卒，放居喪以孝聞。 所居廬室前，有二慈烏來集，各據一樹為巢，自午以前，馴庭飲啄； 午後更不下樹。 每臨時舒翅悲鳴，全似哀泣。 家人則之，未嘗有闕。 時以為至孝之感。 服闋，襲爵。 武平中，待詔文林館。
Son Fang, styled Xiyi, followed Zhi to Ye. When Zhi died Fang mourned and was famed for filial piety. Before his mourning hut two tame crows nested, one per tree, feeding in the courtyard before noon; after noon they never left the trees. They spread their wings and cried like mourners. The family followed this without fail. Men took it as utmost filial feeling. When mourning ended he inherited the title. In Wuping he served at the Forest of Literature.
65
放性好文詠，頗善丹青，因此在宮中披覽書史及近世詩賦，監畫工作屏風等雜物。 見知，遂被眷待。 累遷太子中庶子、散騎常侍。
Fang loved poetry and painting; in the palace he read histories and verse and supervised screen painting. Noticed, he won favor. He rose to junior mentor of the heir and regular attendant.
66
蕭退，梁武帝弟司空、鄱陽王恢之子也。 退在梁封湘潭侯，位青州刺史。 建業陷，與從兄祗俱入東魏。 齊天保中，位金紫光祿大夫，卒。
Xiao Tui was son of Wudi's brother Minister of Works Prince of Poyang Hui. In Liang he was Marquis of Xiangtan and Qingzhou inspector. When Jianye fell he and his cousin Zhi entered Eastern Wei. In Tianbao he was grand master of splendid happiness with golden seal and died.
67
子慨，深沈有體表，好學，善草隸書，南士中稱為長者。 曆著作佐郎，待詔文林館。 卒于司徒從事中郎。
Son Kai, grave in bearing, learned, skilled in draft and clerical script, was called an elder among southerners. He was associate author and retained at the Forest of Literature. He died as staff gentleman of the minister of state.
68
蕭泰，字世怡，亦恢之子也。 在梁封豐城侯，位譙州刺史。 侯景襲而陷之，因被執，尋逃至江陵。 梁元帝平侯景。 以泰為兼太常卿、桂陽內史。 未至郡，屬於謹平江陵，遂隨兄修佐郢州。 及修卒，即以泰為刺史。 湘州刺史王琳襲泰，泰以州輸琳。 時陳武帝執政，徵為侍中，不就。 乃奔齊，為永州刺史。 保定四年，大將軍權景宣略地河南，泰遂歸西魏。 以名犯周文帝諱，稱字焉。 拜開府儀同三司，封義興郡公，授蔡州刺史。 政存簡惠，深為吏人所安。 卒官，子寶嗣。
Xiao Tai, styled Shiyi, was also Hui's son. In Liang he was Marquis of Fengcheng and Qiaozhou inspector. Hou Jing seized him; he escaped to Jiangling. Liang Yuan Di pacified Hou Jing. Tai was made concurrent grand master of splendid happiness and interior minister of Guiyang. Before he took office, Yu Jin took Jiangling; he followed his brother Xiu to Yingzhou. When Xiu died, Tai became inspector. Xiangzhou inspector Wang Lin attacked; Tai surrendered the province. Chen Wu summoned him as attendant-in-ordinary; he refused. He fled to Qi as Yongzhou inspector. Baoding 4, Quan Jingxuan seized Henan; Tai returned to Western Wei. His name tabooed Zhou Wen Di; he was called by his style. He was commissioner equal to the three dukes, duke of Yixing, and Cai inspector. His rule was simple and kind; officials and people were at ease. He died in office; son Bao inherited.
69
寶字季珍，美風儀，善談笑，未弱冠，名重一時。 隋文帝輔政，引為丞相府典簽。 開皇中，至吏部侍郎。 後坐太子勇事誅，時人冤之。
Bao, styled Jizhen, was handsome and witty; before capping age he was famed. When Sui Wen Di aided the government, he was chief clerk of the chancellor's office. In Kaihuang he rose to vice minister of personnel. Later he was executed in Crown Prince Yong's affair; the age thought it unjust.
70
蕭捴，字智遐，梁武帝弟安成王秀之子也。 性溫裕，有儀錶，在梁封永豐縣侯。 東魏遣李諧、盧元明使梁。 梁武帝以捴辭令可觀，令兼中書侍郎，受幣於賓館。 曆黃門侍郎，累遷巴西、梓潼二郡守。 及侯景作亂，武陵王紀稱尊號。 時宗室在蜀，唯捴一人，封捴秦郡王。 紀率眾東下，以捴為尚書令、征西大將軍、都督、益州刺史，守成都。 又令梁州刺史楊乾運守潼州。
Xiao Hui, styled Zhiyao, was son of Liang Wu Di's brother Prince Ancheng Xiu. Mild and generous, with dignified bearing; in Liang he was Marquis of Yongfeng. Eastern Wei sent Li Xie and Lu Yuanming to Liang. Liang Wu Di admired his eloquence and had him receive envoys as vice director of the secretariat. He was vice director of the yellow gate and rose to Baxi and Zitong prefect. When Hou Jing rebelled, Prince Wuling Ji took the throne. Only Hui of the clan remained in Shu; Ji made him Prince of Qin. Ji marched east, made Hui secretariat director, grand general who pacifies the west, area commander, and Yizhou inspector at Chengdu. He ordered Liangzhou inspector Yang Qianyun to hold Tong prefecture.
71
周文帝知蜀兵寡弱，遣大將軍尉遲迥總眾討之。 迥入劍閣，長驅至成都。 捴見兵不滿萬人，而倉庫空竭，於是率文武於益州城北，共迥升壇歃血立盟，以城歸魏。 授侍中、開府儀同三司，封歸善縣公。 周閔帝踐阼，進爵黃台郡公。
Zhou Wen Di sent grand general Yuchi Jiong against the weak Shu host. Jiong entered Jian'ge and drove to Chengdu. With under ten thousand troops and empty stores, he led officials north of the city, swore alliance with Jiong, and surrendered to Wei. He was attendant-in-ordinary, commissioner equal to the three dukes, and duke of Guishan. When Zhou Min Di succeeded, he became duke of Huangtai.
72
武成中，明帝令諸文儒於麟趾殿校定經史，仍撰《世譜》，捴亦豫焉。 尋以母老，兼有疾疹，請在外著書，詔許之。 保定元年，授禮部中大夫，又以歸款功，別賜食多陵縣五百戶，收其租賦。 三年，出為上州刺史。 為政以禮讓為本，嘗至元日，獄中囚系，悉放歸家，聽三日然後赴獄。 主者爭之，捴曰：「昔王長、虞延，見稱前史。 吾雖寡德，竊懷景行。 以之獲罪，彌所甘心。」 諸囚荷恩，並依限而至，吏人稱其惠化。 秩滿向還，部人季漆等三百餘人上表，乞留更兩載。 詔雖不許，甚嘉美之。
In Wucheng, Ming Di had scholars collate classics at Qilin Hall and compile genealogies; Hui took part. His mother was old and he was ill; he asked to write outside court and was permitted. Baoding 1 he was grand master of rites; for returning merit he received five hundred households' rent at Duoling. In the third year he was Shang prefecture inspector. He governed by courtesy; on New Year's he sent all prisoners home for three days. The jailer objected; Hui said, "Wang Chang and Yu Yan were praised in history. My virtue is slight, but I cherish their example. Punishment for this I would gladly accept. Prisoners returned on time; officials and people praised his kindness. As his term ended, over three hundred led by Ji Qi asked him to stay two more years. The edict refused, but the court greatly praised it.
73
及捴入朝，屬置露門學。 武帝以捴與唐瑾、元偉、王褒等四人，俱為文學博士。
When Hui came to court, Lumen school was established. Wu Di made Hui, Tang Jin, Yuan Wei, Wang Bao, and three others literary erudites.
74
捴以母老，表請歸養私門，帝弗許。 尋以母憂去職。 曆少保、少傅，改封蔡陽郡公。 卒，武帝舉哀于正武殿，贈使持節、大將軍、大都督、少傅、益州刺史，諡曰襄。
He asked to nurse his mother at home; the emperor refused. Soon he left office for his mother's mourning. He was junior guardian and junior tutor and became duke of Caiyang. At his death Wu Di mourned at Zhengwu Hall and gave him grand general, junior tutor, Yizhou inspector, posthumous name Xiang.
75
捴善草隸，書名亞王褒，算數醫方，咸亦留意。 所著詩賦雜文數萬言，頗行於世。
He excelled at cursive and clerical script, second to Wang Bao, and knew arithmetic and medicine. Tens of thousands of words of poetry and prose circulated.
76
子濟，字德成，少仁厚，頗好屬文。 為東中郎將，從捴入朝。 周孝閔帝踐阼，除中外府記室，後至薄陽郡守。
Son Ji, styled Decheng, was humane and loved prose. He was eastern central commander and followed Hui to court. When Xiao Min Di succeeded, he was recorder of the inner and outer offices and later Boyang prefect.
77
蕭圓肅，字明恭，梁武帝之孫，武陵王紀之子也。 風度淹雅，敏而好學。 紀稱尊號，封宜都王，除侍中。 紀下峽，令圓肅副蕭捴守成都。 及尉遲迥至，與捴俱降。 授開府儀同三司、侍中，封安化縣公。 周明帝初，進棘城郡公，以歸款勳。 別賜食思君縣五百戶，收其租賦。 後拜咸陽郡守，甚有政績。 尋改授太子少傅，作《少傅箴》。 太子見而悅之，致書勞問。 改授豐州刺史，尋進位上開府儀同大將軍，曆司宗中大夫、洛州刺史，進位大將軍。 隋開皇初，授貝州刺史，以母老請歸就養，許之，卒於家。 有文集十卷，又撰時人詩筆為《文海》四十卷、《廣堪》十卷、《淮海離亂志》四卷，行於世。
Xiao Yuansu, styled Minggong, was Liang Wu Di's grandson and Prince Wuling Ji's son. Refined bearing; quick and studious. When Ji took the throne, Yuansu was Prince of Yidu and attendant-in-ordinary. Ji went down the gorges and left Yuansu to assist Hui at Chengdu. When Yuchi Jiong arrived, he and Hui surrendered. He was commissioner equal to the three dukes, attendant-in-ordinary, and duke of Anhua. At Ming Di's accession he became duke of Jicheng for returning merit. He received five hundred households' rent at Sijun. Later he was Xianyang prefect with fine achievements. Soon he was crown prince junior tutor and wrote the Admonition of the Junior Tutor. The crown prince was pleased and sent thanks. He was Feng inspector, then commissioner equal to the grand general, lineage grand master, Luozhou inspector, and grand general. At Sui Kaihuang he was Beizhou inspector, asked to nurse his mother, was permitted, and died at home. He had collected works in ten scrolls and compiled Literary Sea, Broad Mirror, and Records of Huaihai in Turmoil, all circulating.
78
時大圜兄汝南王大封等猶未通謁。 元帝性忌刻，甚恨望之，乃使大圜召之。 大圜即日曉諭，兩兄相繼出謁，元帝乃安之。 大圜恐讒忻醖生，乃屏絕人事； 門客左右，不過三兩人。 不妄游狎，兄姊間，止箋疏而已。 恆以讀《詩》、《禮》、《書》、《易》為事。 元帝嘗自問《五經》要事數十條，大圜詞約指明，應答無滯。 帝甚歎美之，因曰：「昔河間好學，爾既有之； 臨淄好文，爾亦兼之。 然有東平為善，彌高前載。」 及於謹軍至，元帝乃令大封充使請和，大圜副焉，其實質也。 出至軍所，信宿，元帝降。
Dahuan's brother Prince of Runan Dafeng had not yet presented audience. Yuan Di was jealous and resentful and sent Dahuan to summon them. Dahuan instructed them; both brothers presented audience and Yuan Di was reassured. Fearing slander, Dahuan cut off worldly affairs; he kept only two or three retainers. He did not roam idly; with siblings he wrote only letters. He constantly read the Odes, Rites, Documents, and Changes. Yuan Di asked dozens of points on the Five Classics; Dahuan answered concisely without pause. The emperor praised him: "Prince Hejian loved learning—you have that; Prince Linzi loved literature—you combine that too. Yet in doing good like Prince Dongping you surpass old examples. When Yu Jin arrived, Yuan Di sent Dafeng to sue for peace and Dahuan as deputy—in truth hostages. At the army camp, after two nights Yuan Di surrendered.
79
魏恭帝二年，大圜至長安，周文帝以客禮待之。 保定二年，大封為晉陵縣公，大圜始寧縣公。 尋加大圜車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 俄而開麟趾殿，招集學士，大圜預焉。 《梁武帝集》四十卷、《簡文集》九十卷各止一本，江陵平後，並藏秘閣。 大圜入麟趾，方得見之，乃手寫二集，一年並畢，識者稱歎之。
Wei Gong Di 2, Dahuan reached Chang'an; Zhou Wen Di received him as a guest. Baoding 2, Dafeng was duke of Jinling and Dahuan duke of Shining. Soon Dahuan was grand general of cavalry and chariots, commissioner equal to the three dukes. Qilin Hall opened and gathered scholars; Dahuan took part. Liang Wu Di's collected works and brief collected works existed in single copies stored in the secret archive after Jiangling fell. Entering Qilin he copied both collections by hand in one year; observers marveled.
80
大圜深信因果，心安閒放，嘗云：
Deeply believing in karma, at ease and leisurely, he once said:
81
拂衣褰裳，無吞舟之漏網； 掛冠縣節，慮我志之未從。 儻獲展禽之免，有美慈明之進。 如蒙北叟之放，實勝濟南之征。 其故何哉？ 夫閭閻者有優遊之美，朝廷者有簪佩之累，蓋由來久矣。 留侯追蹤于松子，陶硃成術于辛文，良有以焉。 況乎智不逸群，行不高物，而欲辛苦一生，何其僻也。
Shake out robes and lift skirts—no state net that swallows boats; hang cap and tally—lest my will not yet be followed. If I might gain Zhan Yi's release, there would be Ciming's fine advance. The northern old man's release would truly surpass Ji'nan's expedition. What is the reason? Hamlets have ease; courts have sash and cap—so from of old. Marquis Liu followed Master Pine; Tao Zhu mastered Xin Wen—there was cause. When wisdom and conduct are ordinary, to toil all one's life—how eccentric!
82
豈如知足知止，蕭然無累。 北山之北，棄絕人間； 南山之南，超逾世網。 面修原而帶流水，倚郊甸而枕平皋。 築蝸舍于叢林，構環堵于幽薄。 近瞻煙霧，遠睇風雲。 藉纖草以廕長松，結幽蘭而援芳桂。 仰翔禽於百仞，俛泳鱗於千尋。 果園在後，開窗以臨花卉； 蔬圃居前，坐簷而看灌畎。 二頃以供饘粥，十畝以給絲麻。 侍兒五三，可充糸任織； 家僮數四，足代耕耘。 沽酷牧羊，協潘生之志； 畜雞種黍，應莊叟之言。 獲菽尋汜氏之書，露葵征尹君之錄。 烹羔豚而介春酒，迎伏臘而候歲時。 披良書，采至賾，歌纂纂，唱烏烏。 可以娛神，可以散慮。 有朋自遠，揚榷古今； 田畯相過，劇談稼穡。 斯亦足矣，樂不可支，永保性命，何畏憂責。
Better to know sufficiency, carefree and unburdened. North of the northern mountain, abandon the world; south of the southern mountain, cross beyond the world's net. Face the long plain girded by water, lean on suburbs and rest on the level height. Build a snail hut in thickets; ring walls in seclusion. Gaze at mist nearby; clouds afar. Fine grass shades pines; orchids draw on cassia. Birds soar a hundred fathoms up; fish swim a thousand down. Orchard behind; open windows on flowers; garden before; sit under eaves and watch irrigation. Two qing for gruel; ten mu for silk and hemp. Three or five maids can spin and weave; several slaves suffice for plowing. Buy wine and herd sheep like Master Pan; raise chickens and millet like Zhuangzi. Beans recall the Si clan's book; greens cite Lord Yin's record. Lamb, suckling pig, and spring wine welcome the seasons. Read good books, gather deep essences, sing "Luxuriant" and "Cawing." This delights the spirit and scatters cares. Friends from afar weigh past and present; field officers talk keenly of crops. That is enough; joy is boundless; preserve life—why fear blame?
83
豈若蹙足入絆，申頸就羈。 遊帝王之門，趨宰衡之勢。 不知飄塵之少選，寧覺年祀之斯須。 萬物營營，靡存其意； 天道昧昧，安可問哉？
Why cramp the feet in fetters and stretch the neck to bonds? Why roam emperors' doors and hurry to chief ministers' power? Drifting dust passes in a moment; years in a trice. Ten thousand things bustle, storing no intent; Heaven's way is dim—how question it?
84
嗟乎！ 人生若浮，朝露寧俟。 長繩系景，實所願言。 執燭夜遊，驚其迅邁。 百年幾何，擎跽曲拳。 四時如流，俯眉躡足。 出處無成，語默奚當。 非直丘明所恥，抑亦宣尼恥之。
Alas! Life floats; morning dew—how wait? Tie the sun with a long rope—that is the spoken wish. Night candles startle at swift advance. A hundred years—how much? Bent knees and fists. Four seasons flow—bowed brows and tiptoe steps. Going forth and withdrawing without achievement—how act in speech or silence? Not only Qiu Ming's shame, but Confucius's too.
85
建德四年，除滕王逌友。 逌嘗問大圜曰：「吾聞湘東王作《梁史》，有之乎？ 餘傳乃可抑揚，帝紀奚若？ 隱則非實，記則攘羊。」 對曰：「言之妄也。 如使有之，亦不足怪。 昔漢明為《世祖紀》，章帝為《顯宗紀》，殷鑒不遠，足為成例。 且君子之過，如日月之蝕，彰于四海，安得而隱之？ 如有不彰，亦安得不隱？ 蓋子為父隱，直在其中，諱國之惡，抑又禮也。」 逌乃大笑。 後大軍拔晉州，或問大圜：「師遂克不？」 對曰：「高歡昔以晉州肇基偽跡，今本既拔矣，能無亡乎？ 所謂君以此始，必以此終。」 居數月，齊氏果滅。 聞者以為知言。
Jiande 4 he was friend to Prince Teng You. You asked Dahuan, "Did Prince Xiangdong write a History of Liang? Others' lives may be judged, but the imperial annals—how? To conceal is untrue; to record is to seize the sheep. He replied, "That is wild talk. If so, it would not be strange. Han Ming and Zhang Di wrote ancestor annals—a near mirror and precedent. A gentleman's fault is like sun or moon eclipsed to the four seas—how conceal? If not manifest, how not conceal? The son conceals for the father—uprightness within; veiling the state's shame is ritual. You laughed greatly. When the army took Jinyang, someone asked Dahuan, "Will it conquer? He replied, "Gao Huan founded his false rule from Jinyang; the root is pulled—how not perish? As they say, 'begin thus, end thus. Months later Qi perished. Hearers called him prescient.
86
隋開皇初，拜內史侍郎，卒于西河郡守。 撰《梁舊事》三十卷、《寓記》三卷、《士喪儀注》五卷、《要決》兩卷，並文集二十卷。
At Sui Kaihuang he was vice director of the secretariat and died as Xihe prefect. He compiled Old Affairs of Liang, Lodgings, Rites of Scholar Mourning, Essentials, and collected works.
87
大封位開府儀同三司、陳州刺史。
Dafeng was commissioner equal to the three dukes and Chen inspector.
88
論曰：諸司馬以亂亡歸命，楚之最可稱乎！ 其餘碌碌，未足論也。 而以往代遺緒，並當位遇，可謂幸矣。 劉昶猜疑懼禍，蕭夤亡破之餘，並潛骸竄影，委命上國。 俱稱曉了，盛當位遇。 雖有枕戈之志，終無鞭墓之成。 昶諸子狂疏，喪其家業； 寶夤背恩忘義，梟鏡其心。 蕭贊臨邊脫身，晚去仇賊，寵祿頓臻，顛狽旋至，信吉凶之相倚也。 梁氏雲季，子弟奔亡。 王表動不由仁，胡顏之甚。 祗、退、泰、捴、圓肅、大圜等雖羈旅異國，而終享榮名，非素有鎡基，懷文抱質，亦何能至於此也。 方武陵擁眾東下，任捴以蕭何之事。 君臣之道既篤，家國之情亦隆。 金石不足比其心，河水不足明其誓。 及魏安之至城下，旬日而智力俱竭，委金湯而不守，舉庸蜀而來王。 若乃見機而作，誠有之矣； 守節沒齒，則未可焉。
Commentary: Of the Sima who fled chaos and submitted, was Chuzhi most praiseworthy? The rest were mediocre—not worth discussing. Yet former-dynasty remnants all won rank—fortunate indeed. Liu Chang, fearful, and Xiao Baoyin, ruined, hid and fled north. All were called clever and greatly favored. Though they meant to sleep spear at pillow, none whipped the tomb. Chang's sons were wild and lost the estate; Bao and Baoyin betrayed kindness—owl-and-mirror hearts. Xiao Zan slipped the frontier, left foes late; favor came at once, collapse at once—fortune and misfortune lean together. The Xiao house at twilight; kin fled in exile. Wang Biao acted without benevolence—how shameless! Zhi, Tui, Tai, Hui, Yuansu, and Dahuan, guests abroad, yet won glory—not without culture and substance. When Prince Wuling marched east, he entrusted Hui with Xiao He's role. Lord and minister were deep; family and state feeling lofty. Metal and stone could not match his heart; rivers could not clarify his oath. When Wei An reached the walls, wit and strength failed in ten days; he surrendered Chengdu and came to Wei as king. To see the moment and act—indeed there was that; to keep integrity to the grave—that cannot be claimed.