1
陸俟源賀劉尼薛提
Lu Si, Yuan He, Liu Ni, and Xue Ti
2
陸俟源賀曾孫彪玄孫師師從叔雄劉尼薛提
Lu Si; Yuan He — great-grandson Biao, great-great-grandson Shi, Shi's uncle Xiong; Liu Ni; Xue Ti
3
陸俟，代人也。 曾祖幹，祖引，世領部落。 父突，道武初帥部人從征伐，數有戰功，位離石鎮將、上党太守、關內侯。 俟少聰慧。 明元踐祚，襲爵關內侯，位給事中，典選部、蘭台事，當官無所撓。 太武征赫連昌，詔俟督諸軍鎮以備蠕蠕。 與西平公安頡攻克武牢，賜爵建鄴公，拜冀州刺史。 時考州郡，唯俟與河內太守丘陳為天下第一。 轉武牢鎮大將。 平涼休屠金崖、羌狄子玉等叛，復轉為安定鎮大將，追討崖等，皆獲之。 遷懷荒鎮大將。 未期，諸高車莫弗懼俟嚴急，請前鎮將郎孤。 太武許之。 征俟，至京朝見，言不過周年，孤身必敗，高車必叛。 帝疑不實，切責之，以公歸第。 明年，諸莫弗果殺孤以叛。 帝聞之大驚，召俟問其故。 俟曰：「夫高車之俗，上下無禮，無禮之人，難為其上。 臣蒞以威嚴，節之憲網，欲漸加訓導，使知分限。 而惡直醜正，實繁有徒，故訟臣無恩，稱孤之美。 孤獲還鎮，欣其名譽，必加恩于百姓，譏臣為失，專欲以寬惠臨之，仁恕待之。 無禮之人，易生陵傲，不過期年，無復上下。 既無上下，然後收之以威，則人懷怨憝。 怨憝既多，敗亂彰矣。」 帝歎曰：「卿身乃短，慮何長也！」 即日復除散騎常侍。
Lu Si was a native of Dai. His great-grandfather Gan and grandfather Yin had led the tribe for generations. His father Tu, in Daowu's early years, led the clansmen on campaign with repeated merit, rising to Warden of Lishi, Administrator of Shangdang, and Marquis Within the Passes. Si was clever from boyhood. When Mingyuan acceded, Si inherited the marquisate, became Supervising Attendant, ran selection and the Orchid Terrace, and would not be swayed in office. Taiwu's campaign against Helian Chang sent Si to command frontier troops against the Rouran. With Prince Anqi of Xiping he took Wulao, was made Duke of Jianye, and became Governor of Ji. When the realm was graded, only Si and Henei's Qiu Chen stood first. He became Grand General of the Wulao Garrison. Pingliang's Xiutu Jin Ya, the Qiang Di Ziyu, and others rebelled; he was shifted to Anding, pursued them, and took them all. He was posted to Huaihuang as grand general. Before his term ended, Gao-che mo-fu feared his harsh rule and asked for the former warden Lang Gu back. Taiwu agreed. Recalled to court, he said Gu would fail within a year and the Gao-che would rise. The emperor called it false, scolded him, and sent him home retaining only his rank. Next year the mo-fu killed Gu and rebelled, as he had said. The emperor was stunned and summoned Si to explain. Si said, "Gao-che custom knows no ritual between high and low; the unruly are hard to govern. I ruled with stern law, hoping to teach them their bounds. Many hate the upright; they called me harsh and praised Gu. Gu back in command would favor the people, mock my severity, and rule by indulgence alone. Without ritual, insolence spreads; within a year rank would collapse. Then force would breed deep resentment. Much resentment means open revolt. The emperor sighed, "Short in stature, long in foresight!" That day he was reappointed Regular Attendant.
4
帝征蠕蠕，破涼州，常隨駕別督輜重。 又與高涼王那復渡河南略地。 仍遷長安鎮大將。 與高涼王那擊蓋吳於杏城，獲吳二叔。 諸將欲送京師，俟獨不許，曰：「若不斬吳，恐長安之變未已。 一身藏竄，非其親信，誰能獲之？ 若停十萬眾追一人，非上策也。 不如私許吳叔，免其妻子，使自追吳。」 諸將咸曰：「今獲其二叔，唯吳一人，何所復至？」 俟曰：「諸君不見毒蛇乎？ 不斷其頭，猶能為害。 況除腹心之疾，而曰必遺其類，可乎？」 遂舍吳二叔，與之期。 及期，吳叔不至，諸將皆咎俟。 俟曰：「此未得其便耳，必不背也。」 後數日，果斬吳以至，皆如其言。 俟之明略獨決，皆此類也。 遷內都大官。
On the Rouran campaign and the fall of Liangzhou he followed the train and directed baggage. Again with Prince Na of Gaoliang he crossed the Yellow River to raid. He was made Grand General of Chang'an. With Prince Na he fought Gai Wu at Xingcheng and took Wu's two uncles. The generals wanted them sent to the capital; Si refused: "Unless Wu dies, Chang'an may not rest. One fugitive—only intimates can catch him. Halting an army of a hundred thousand for one man is poor strategy. Better promise the uncles their families and let them hunt Wu. They said, "We hold both uncles; Wu is alone—what can he do?" Si said, "Have you never seen a viper? Uncut, its head still kills. When excising a heart's disease, who leaves the brood?" He released the uncles and set a date. The day passed without them; all blamed Si. Si said, "They lack opportunity; they will not betray us. Days later Wu's head arrived—exactly as he foretold. Si's foresight and solitary resolve were always thus. He became Grand Director of the Inner Court.
5
安定盧水劉超等叛，太武以俟威恩被關中，詔以本官加都督秦、雍諸軍，鎮長安。 帝曰：「超等恃險，不順王命，朕若以重兵與卿，則超等必合為一； 若以輕兵與卿，則不制矣。 今使卿以方略定之。」 於是俟單馬之鎮。 既至，申揚威信，示以成敗，超猶無降意。 俟乃率其帳下見超。 超使人逆曰：「三百人以外，當以弓馬相待； 三百人以內，當以酒食相供。」 乃將二百騎詣超。 超備甚嚴，遂縱酒，盡醉而還。 後偽獵，詣超。 與士卒約曰：「今會發機，當以醉為限。」 俟乃詐醉，上馬大呼，斬超首。 士卒應聲縱擊，遂平之。 帝大悅，徵拜外都大官。
Liu Chao of Lushui rebelled in Anding; Taiwu, knowing Si's name in Guanzhong, made him Area Commander of Qin and Yong while keeping his post at Chang'an. The emperor said, "Chao holds the passes; a heavy force unites them; a light force cannot hold them. Go settle them by stratagem. Si rode alone to command. He proclaimed majesty and showed outcomes; Chao would not yield. Si led his guard to call on Chao. Chao warned, "Past three hundred, expect bows; within three hundred, wine and meat. He took two hundred riders to Chao. Chao's guard was tight; they drank to drunkenness and left. Later he feigned a hunt and visited Chao. He told his men, "When we move, feign drunkenness. Si played drunk, mounted, shouted, and struck off Chao's head. His men charged at once; the rebellion ended. The emperor rejoiced and made him Grand Director of the Outer Court.
6
文成踐祚，以子麗有定策勳，進爵東平王。 薨，年六十七，諡成王。 有子十二人。
Wencheng's accession, with son Li's merit in the succession, raised Si to Prince of Dongping. He died at sixty-seven, posthumous name Cheng. He had twelve sons.
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長子珝，多智，有父風。 文成見而悅之，謂朝臣曰：「吾常歎其父智過其軀，是復逾于父矣！」 少為內都下大夫。 奉上接下，行止取與，每能逆曉人意。 與其從事者無不愛之。 興安初，賜爵聊城侯。 出為相州刺史，假長廣公。 為政清平，抑強扶弱。 州中有德宿老名望素重者，以友禮待之。 詢之政事，責以方略，如此者十人，號曰十善。 又簡取諸縣強門百餘人以為假子。 誘接殷勤，賜以衣服，令各歸家為耳目。 於是發奸擿伏，事無不驗。 百姓以為神明，無敢劫盜者。 在州七年，家至貧約。 徵為散騎常侍，百姓乞留珝者千餘人。 獻文不許，謂群臣曰：「珝之善政，雖古人何以加之。」 賜絹五百匹，奴婢十口。 珝之代還也，吏人大斂布帛以遺之。 珝皆不受，人亦不取，於是以此物起佛寺焉，因名長廣公寺。 後襲父爵，改封建安王。
Eldest son Xu was clever and like his father. Wencheng met him and said, "His father's mind outgrew his body—this boy outgrows his father! As a youth he served as Junior Grand Master of the Inner Court. Up and down the ranks he anticipated every wish in bearing and gift. All who served with him loved him. At Xing'an's start he was made Marquis of Liaocheng. He went out as Governor of Xiang, acting Prince of Changguang. He ruled plainly, curbing the strong and helping the weak. He honored aged men of local renown as friends. Ten such elders he called the Ten Worthies and charged with counsel. He took over a hundred strong-house sons as foster sons. He clothed them and sent them home as informants. Hidden crime surfaced; nothing failed to check. The people called him divine; robbery ceased. Seven years in office, his house stayed poor. Recalled as Regular Attendant, over a thousand petitioned to keep him. Xianwen refused and told the court, "What ancient surpassed Xu's rule? He gave five hundred bolts of silk and ten slaves. On his departure clerks and people piled gifts of cloth. He refused all; the people built a temple from the cloth, the Temple of Prince Changguang. He later inherited and was made Prince of Jian'an.
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琇字伯琳，珝第五子也。 母赫連氏身長七尺九寸，甚有婦德。 珝有以爵傳琇之意。 琇年九歲，珝謂之曰：「汝祖東平王有十二子，我為嫡長，承襲家業。 今已年老，屬汝幼沖，詎堪為陸氏宗首乎？」 琇對曰：「苟非鬥力，何患童幼！」 珝奇之，遂立琇為世子。 珝薨，襲爵。 琇沈毅少言，雅好讀書。 以功臣子孫，為侍御長，累遷祠部尚書、司州大中正。 會從兄睿事，免官。 景明初，試守河內郡。 咸陽王禧謀反，令子曇和等先據河內。 琇聞禧反，斬曇和首。 時以琇不先送曇和，禧敗始斬，責其通情，徵詣廷尉。 少卿崔振窮罪狀，案琇大逆。 陸宗大小，咸見收捕。 會將赦，先斃於獄。 琇弟凱仍上書訴冤，宣武詔復琇爵，子景詐襲。
Xiu, styled Bolin, was Xu's fifth son. His mother Helian stood seven chi nine cun and was deeply virtuous. Xu meant the title for Xiu. At nine Xiu heard, "Your grandfather had twelve sons; I am eldest and heir. I am old and you a child—can you head the house? Xiu said, "If it is not wrestling, why fear youth?" Xu marveled and named him heir. Xiu inherited on Xu's death. Xiu was grave, quiet, and fond of books. A minister's son, he became Chief of the Imperial Guard, then Minister of the Imperial Clan and Grand Rectifier of Si. Cousin Rui's scandal cost him his post. In Jingming he tried governing Henei. Prince Xi of Xianyang rebelled and sent son Tanhe to seize Henei. Hearing of the revolt, Xiu beheaded Tanhe. Because he had not sent Tanhe up earlier and only killed him after Xi's fall, he was charged with collusion and haled to the Court of Justice. Vice Minister Cui Zhen built the case and condemned him for treason. Great and small of the Lu house were arrested. An amnesty was coming; he was killed in prison first. Brother Kai petitioned; Xuanwu restored Xiu's rank and let son Jing inherit.
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凱字智君，謹重好學。 位太子庶子、給事黃門侍郎。 凱在樞要十餘年，以忠厚見稱。 後遇患，頻上書乞骸骨。 除正平太守，在郡七年，號為良吏。
Kai, styled Zhijun, was careful and scholarly. He was Junior Tutor and Attendant of the Yellow Gate. More than ten years at court won him praise for loyalty. Illness drove him to beg retirement again and again. Made Administrator of Zhengping; seven years there made him a model magistrate.
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初，孝文將議革變舊風，大臣並有難色。 又每引劉芳、郭祚等，常與規謀，共論政事。 而國戚謂遂疏己，怏怏有不平之色。 帝乃令凱私喻之曰：「至尊但欲廣知前事，直當問其古式耳。 終無寵彼而疏國戚舊人意。」 乃稍解。 及兄琇陷罪，凱亦被收，遇赦乃免。 凱痛兄之死，哭無時節，目幾失明，訴冤不已。 至正始初，宣武復琇官爵。 凱大喜，置酒集諸親曰：「吾所以數年之中抱病忍死者，顧門計耳，今願已遂。」 以其年卒，贈龍驤將軍、南青州刺史，諡曰惠。
When Xiaowen planned to reform old ways, ministers looked troubled. He often summoned Liu Fang, Guo Zuo, and others to plot policy. Imperial kin felt slighted and grew resentful. The emperor had Kai tell them, "The throne only seeks to learn the old forms. He will not favor newcomers over kin. Resentment eased. When Xiu fell, Kai was seized but amnestied. He mourned Xiu without cease, nearly blind, pleading injustice. At Zhengshi's start Xuanwu restored Xiu's honors. Kai feasted his kin: "Years I clung to life for the house—now it is done. He died that year, posthumously Dragon Cavalry General and Governor of Southern Qing, posthumous name Hui.
11
長子痈，字道暉，與弟恭之並有時譽。 洛陽令賈禎見其兄弟，歎曰：「僕以老年，更睹雙璧。」 又嘗兄弟共候黃門郎孫惠蔚。 謂諸賓曰：「不意二陸，復在坐隅。 吾德謝張公，無以延譽。」 痈位尚書右戶、三公郎，坐事免。 後除伏波將軍。 卒，贈冠軍、恆州刺史。 痈擬《急就篇》為《悟蒙章》，及《七誘》、《十醉》，章表數十篇。 痈與恭之晚不和睦，為時所鄙。
Eldest Yong, styled Daohui, and brother Gongzhi were famed. Magistrate Jia Zhen sighed, "I thought my age over—yet two jades shine again. Once they waited together on Sun Huiwei of the Yellow Gate. He told guests, "The two Lus still grace the corner. I lack Zhang's grace to praise them. Yong was Master of Revenue and Gentleman of the Three Offices, then dismissed. Later General Who Subdues Waves. He died and was posthumously made Champion General and Governor of Heng. Yong wrote Wumeng Zhang after Jijiu, plus Seven Enticements, Ten Drunkennesses, and dozens of memorials. Late in life Yong and Gongzhi quarreled and were scorned.
12
子元規位尚書郎。 元規子撥，陰陽律曆，多所通解，位并州長流參軍。
Son Yuan Gui was a Masters of Writing gentleman. Bo mastered yin-yang and calendars and was Senior Clerk of Bingzhou.
13
恭之字季順，有操尚，位東荊州刺史。 贈吏部尚書，諡曰懿。 恭之所著文章詩賦凡千餘篇。 子曄，字仁崇，篤志文學，《齊律》序則仁崇之詞。 位終通直散騎常侍。 弟寬，字仁惠，太子中舍人，待詔文林館。 寬兄弟並有才品，議者稱為三武。
Gongzhi, styled Jishun, was upright and Governor of Eastern Jing. Posthumously Minister of Civil Service, posthumous name Yi. His writings exceeded a thousand pieces. Son Ye, styled Renchong, wrote the preface to the Qi Code. His last post was Regular Attendant Direct and Unimpeded. Younger Kuan, styled Renhui, was Junior Mentor and Forest of Literature attendant. The brothers were called the Three Martial.
14
珝弟歸，位東宮舍人、駕部校尉。 子珍，夏州刺史，贈太僕卿，諡曰靜。
Younger brother Gui was Eastern Palace Attendant and Transport Commandant. Son Zhen governed Xia, posthumously Grand Master of the Stud, posthumous name Jing.
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珍子旭，性雅淡，好《易》、緯候之學，撰《五星要決》及《兩儀真圖》，頗得其指要。 太和中，徵拜中書博士，稍遷散騎常侍。 知天下將亂，遂隱於太行山，屢征不起。 卒後，贈並、汾、恆、肆四州刺史。 子騰。
Xu loved the Changes and omen lore, wrote on the Five Stars and the Two Poles, and mastered their core. In Taihe he became Secretariat erudite, then Regular Attendant. Foreseeing chaos, he hid on Taihang and refused summons. After death he was posthumously governor of four provinces. His son Teng.
16
騰字顯聖，少慷慨有大節。 從爾硃榮平葛榮，以功賜爵清河縣伯。 稍遷通直散騎常侍。 及孝武西遷，時使青州，遂留鄴，為陽城郡守。
Teng, styled Xiansheng, was bold and high-minded from youth. With Erzhu Rong he crushed Ge Rong and was made Baron of Qinghe. He rose to Regular Attendant Direct and Unimpeded. When Xiaowu fled west, Teng was in Qingzhou and stayed at Ye as Yangcheng magistrate.
17
大統九年，大軍東討陽城，被執。 周文帝釋而與語，騰盛論東州人物，又敘述時事，辭理抑揚。 周文歎曰：「卿真不背本也！」 即拜帳內大都督。 未幾，除太子庶子，遷武衛將軍。 騰既為周文所知，國欲立功，不願內職。
Datong 9 the eastern army took Yangcheng and captured him. Zhou's Emperor Wen freed him; Teng praised eastern men and debated affairs with eloquence. Wen sighed, "You have not betrayed your roots! He was made Grand Commander within the Tent. Soon Junior Tutor, then Martial Guard General. Known to Wen, he wanted frontier merit, not palace posts.
18
及安康賊黃眾寶等作亂，攻圍東梁州。 城中糧盡，詔騰率軍大破之。 軍還，拜龍州刺史。 使通江油路，直出南秦。 周文謂曰：「此是卿取柱國之日。」 即解所服金帶賜之。 州人李廣嗣、李武等憑據岩險，曆政不能制。 騰密令多造飛梯，夜襲破之，執廣嗣等於鼓下。 其党有任公忻，圍逼州城，請免廣嗣及武，即散兵請罪。 騰謂將士曰：「吾不殺廣嗣等，可謂墮軍實而長寇仇。」 即斬廣嗣及武，以首示之。 於是出兵奮擊，盡獲之。 進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，轉江州刺史，進爵上庸縣公。 陵州木籠獠恃險，每行抄劫，詔騰討之。 獠因山為城，攻之未可拔。 騰遂於城下多設聲樂及諸雜伎，示無戰心。 諸賊果棄其兵仗，或攜妻子臨城觀樂。 騰知其無備，遂縱兵討擊，盡殺破之。
When Huang Zhongbao besieged Eastern Liangzhou, stores ran out; Teng was sent and broke the siege. On return he was Governor of Long. He opened the Tongjiang road to Southern Qin. Wen said, "Today you earn pillar rank. He gave Teng his own gold belt. Li Guangsi and Li Wu held the mountains; no governor broke them. Teng built ladders, struck by night, and seized them at the drum. Ren Gongxin besieged the city and begged mercy for Guangsi and Wu. Teng said, "Spare them and I waste victory and feed the enemy. He beheaded both and showed the heads. Then he charged and took all. He rose to Agile Cavalry General and Commissioner, became Governor of Jiang, Duke of Shangyong. Lingzhou's Mulong Liao raided from the hills. They walled the mountains; assault failed. He staged music and shows below the walls, feigning peace. They dropped weapons and brought families to watch. Seeing them slack, he attacked and destroyed them.
19
周明帝初，陵、眉等八州夷夏並反，攻破郡縣，騰率兵討平之。 及齊公憲作鎮於蜀，以騰為隆州刺史，令憲入蜀兵馬鎮防，皆委騰統攝。 赴公招代憲，復請留之。 遷隆州總管，領刺史。
Ming of Zhou's start saw eight provinces rebel; Teng pacified them. Duke Xian of Qi in Shu made Teng Governor of Long and gave him all garrison troops. Duke Zhao replaced Xian and kept Teng. He became Area Commander of Long, still governor.
20
保定二年，資州石槃人反，殺郡守，據險自守，州軍不能制。 騰率軍討擊，盡破斬之。 而蠻子反，所在蜂起，山路險阻，難得掩襲。 遂量山川形勢，隨便開道。 蠻獠畏威，承風請服。 所開之路，多得古銘，並是諸葛亮、桓溫舊道。 是年，鐵山獠抄斷內江路，使驛不通。 騰乃進軍討之，一日下其三城，招納降附者三萬戶。 帝以騰母在齊，未令東討。 適有其親屬自齊還朝者，晉公護奏令告騰云：「齊已誅公母兄。」 蓋欲發其怒也。 騰乃發哀泣血，志在復仇。 四年，齊公憲與晉公護東征，請騰為副。 趙公招時在蜀，復欲留之。 晉公護與招書，於是令騰馳傳還朝，副憲東伐。
Baoding 2, Zizhou's Shiban rebels killed the magistrate and held the hills. Teng crushed and beheaded them. Then hill barbarians rose on every road. He surveyed terrain and cut roads where needed. Barbarians submitted to his awe. His roads uncovered inscriptions—tracks of Zhuge Liang and Huan Wen. That year Tieshan Liao cut the inner river courier route. Teng marched, took three forts in a day, and won thirty thousand submits. His mother was in Qi, so the throne held the eastern campaign. A kinsman from Qi reported, "Qi killed your mother and brother. The aim was to stir his rage. Teng mourned with blood and vowed revenge. Year 4, Qi and Jin marched east and named Teng deputy. Duke Zhao in Shu again tried to keep him. Hu wrote Zhao; Teng raced back to join the eastern attack.
21
天和初，信州蠻、蜑據江硤反叛，連結二千餘里，又詔騰討之。 騰沿江南而下，軍至湯口，分道奮擊，所向摧破。 乃築京觀，以旌武功。 涪陵郡守蘭休祖又阻兵為亂，方二千餘里。 復詔騰討之，巴蜀悉定，詔令樹碑紀功績焉。 騰自在龍州至是，前後破平諸賊，凡賞得奴婢八百口，馬牛稱是。
Tianhe's start saw Xin Man and Dan hold gorges for two thousand li; Teng was sent. He sailed downriver to Tangkou, split forces, and swept all before him. He raised a victory mound. Fuling's Lan Xiuzu rebelled across two thousand li. Teng was sent again; Ba-Shu was settled and a stele ordered. From Longzhou on he had broken every bandit; rewards were eight hundred slaves and herds in proportion.
22
玄字士鑒，入關時，年七歲。 仕齊為奉朝請、成平縣令。 齊平，武帝見玄，特加勞勉，即拜地官府都上士。 大象末，為隋文帝相府內兵參軍。
Xuan, styled Shijian, was seven when he entered the passes. In Qi he was Court Gentleman and Magistrate of Chengping. Qi's fall brought special favor; he became Chief Superior Gentleman of the Earth Office. At Elephant's end he was staff officer to Sui's chancellor.
23
玄弟融，字士傾，最知名，少曆顯職。 大象末，位至大將軍、定陵縣公。
Younger Rong, styled Shiqing, was most famed and rose young. By Elephant's end he was Grand General and Duke of Dingling.
24
弟麗，少以忠謹，入侍左右，太武特親昵之。 舉動審慎，初無愆失。 賜爵章安子，稍遷南部尚書。 太武崩，南安王餘立。 既而為中常侍宗愛等所殺。 百寮憂惶，莫知所立。 麗首建大議，與殿中尚書長孫渴侯、尚書源賀、羽林中郎劉尼奉迎文成于苑中而立之。 社稷獲安，麗之謀也。 由是受心膂之任，在朝者無出其右。 興安初，封平原王。 麗頻讓，不聽，乃啟以讓父。 文成曰：「朕為天下主，豈不能得二王封卿父子也？」 以其父俟為東平王。 麗尋遷侍中、撫軍大將軍、司徒公，復其子孫，賜妻妃號。 麗以優寵既頻，固辭不受，帝益重之。 領太子太傅。 麗好學愛士，常以講習為業。 甚孝，遭父憂，毀瘠過禮。
Younger Li, loyal from youth, attended Taiwu closely. He was careful and faultless at first. Made Viscount of Zhang'an, he rose to Minister of the Southern Court. Taiwu died; Prince Yu of Nan'an took the throne. Soon eunuch Zong Ai and others killed him. Officials panicked, unsure whom to enthrone. Li led the plan with Kehou, Yuan He, and Liu Ni to raise Wencheng from the park. The realm was saved by Li's plot. He won the emperor's core trust; none at court matched him. At Xing'an he was made Prince of Pingyuan. He declined again and again, then asked to yield to his father. Wencheng said, "Can I not make father and son both princes? His father Si became Prince of Dongping. Soon Attendant, Pacifying-Army General, Duke of the Masses; kin restored, consorts titled. Repeated honors he refused; the emperor esteemed him more. He was Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He loved scholars and lectured constantly. Filial to excess, his father's mourning broke the rites.
25
和平六年，文成崩。 先是，麗療疾于代郡溫泉，聞凶欲赴。 左右止之曰：「宮車晏駕，王德望素重，奸臣若疾人譽，慮有不測之禍。」 麗曰：「安有聞君父之喪，方慮禍難！」 便馳赴。 初，乙弗渾悖傲，每為不法，麗數諍之，由是見忌，害之。 諡曰簡王，陪葬金陵。 孝文追錄先朝功臣，以麗配饗廟庭。
Heping 6, Wencheng died. He was at Dai's hot springs when news came; he raced to return. Attendants warned, "The throne is empty; your fame may draw traitors. Li said, "Shall I fear trouble at my father's death?" He galloped back. Yifu Hun's arrogance drew Li's remonstrance; Hun killed him. Posthumous name Jian; buried at Jinling. Xiaowen paired him in the ancestral temple.
26
麗二妻，長曰杜氏，次張氏。 長子定國，杜氏所生； 次睿，張氏所出。
Two wives: Du, then Zhang. Eldest Dingguo was Du's son; second Rui was Zhang's.
27
子昕之，字慶始，風望端雅。 襲爵，例降為公。 尚獻文女常山公主，拜駙馬都尉，曆通直郎。 景明中，以從叔琇罪，免官。 尋以主婿，除通直散騎常侍。 曆兗、青二州刺史，並有政績。 轉安北將軍、相州刺史。 卒，贈鎮東將軍、冀州刺史，諡曰惠。 初，定國娶河東柳氏，生子安保。 後娶范陽盧度世女，生昕之。 二室俱為舊族，而嫡妾不分。 定國亡後，兩子爭襲父爵。 僕射李沖有寵于時，與度世子伯源婚親相好。 沖遂左右助之，昕之由是承爵，尚主，職位赫弈。 安保沈廢貧賤，不免饑寒。 昕之容貌柔謹，孝文以其主婿，特垂昵眷。 宣武時，年未四十，頻撫三籓，當世以此榮之。 昕之卒後，母盧悼念，傷過而亡。 公主奉姑有孝稱。 神龜初，與穆氏琅邪長公主並為女侍中。 又性不妒忌，以昕之無子，為納妾媵，而皆育女。 公主有三女，無男，以昕之從兄希道第四子子彰為後。
Son Xinzhi, styled Qingshi, was grave and elegant. He inherited, reduced to duke by rule. He married Princess Changshan, became Horse Guards Commandant and Regular Attendant. Jingming: cousin Xiu's crime cost him office. Soon restored as the emperor's son-in-law. He governed Yan and Qing with merit. Made Pacifying-North General and Governor of Xiang. At death posthumously Pacifying-East General and Governor of Ji, posthumous name Hui. Dingguo married Liu of Hedong and had Anbao. Later he married Lu Dushi's daughter and had Xinzhi. Both were great houses, but wife and concubine were not ranked. After Dingguo's death the sons fought for the title. Vice Director Li Chong favored Boyuan, Lu Dushi's son-in-law. Chong backed Boyuan's side; Xinzhi took the title, the princess, and glory. Anbao fell to poverty and hunger. Gentle Xinzhi won Xiaowen's special favor as son-in-law. Before forty in Xuanwu's time he held three frontiers—a glory of the age. Mother Lu mourned him to death. The princess was famed for serving her mother-in-law. Shengui's start made her and Mu's Langye princess Female Attendants. Without jealousy she took concubines; all bore daughters. Three daughters, no son—she adopted cousin Xidao's fourth son Zizhang.
28
子彰字明遠，本名士沈。 年十六出後，事公主盡禮。 丞相、高陽王雍常言曰：「常山妹雖無男，以子彰為兒，乃過自生矣。」 正光中，襲爵東郡公，累遷給事黃門侍郎。 子彰妻即咸陽王禧女。 禧誅，養于彭城王第，莊帝親之，略同諸姊。 建義初，爾硃榮欲循舊事，庶姓封王，由是封子彰濮陽郡王。 尋而詔罷，仍復先爵。 天平中，拜衛將軍、潁州刺史，以母憂去職。 元象中，以本將軍除齊州刺史，又加驃騎將軍，行懷州事，轉北豫州刺史，仍除徐州刺史，將軍並如故。 一年曆三州，當世榮之。 還朝，除衛大將軍、右光祿大夫，行瀛州事。 尋拜侍中，復行滄州事。 進號驃騎大將軍。 行冀州事。 除侍讀，兼七兵尚書，行青州事。
Zizhang, styled Mingyuan, born Shishen. At sixteen he entered her house and observed every rite. Prince Yong of Gaoyang said, "Adopting Zizhang beats a son of her own. Zhenguang: he inherited Duke of Dongjun and rose to Yellow Gate Attendant. His wife was Prince Xi's daughter. Xi died; she was raised with Pengcheng's daughters, cherished by Zhuangdi. Jianyi: Rong enfeoffed commoners; Zizhang became Prince of Puyang. Soon the edict was revoked. Tianping: Guard General and Governor of Ying; he mourned his mother. Yuanxiang: Qi, Agile Cavalry at Huai, Northern Yu, Xu—three provinces in a year. Three provinces in one year was glory. At court: Guard Grand General, Senior Splendid Master, acting Ying. Soon Attendant, acting Cang. Promoted to Agile Cavalry General. Acting Ji. Lecturer, Seven Armies Minister, acting Qing.
29
子彰初為州，以聚斂為事，晚節修改，自行青、冀、滄、瀛，甚有時譽。 加以虛己納物，人士敬愛之。 除中書監。 卒，贈開府儀同三司，諡曰文宣。 子彰崇好道術，曾嬰重病藥中須桑螵蛸。 子彰不忍害物，遂不服焉，其仁如此。 教訓六子，雅有法度。 子仰。
Early greed gave way to reform; Qing, Ji, Cang, and Ying won praise. Humble toward others, he was loved by gentlemen. Director of the Secretariat. At death posthumously Commissioner, posthumous name Wensuan. He loved Daoism; grave illness needed mantis egg-cases in medicine. He would not harm creatures and refused the dose—such was his kindness. He trained six sons with strict grace. His son Yang.
30
仰字雲駒，少機悟，美風神。 好學不倦，博覽群書，《五經》多通大義。 善屬文，甚為河間邢邵所賞。 劭又與子彰交遊，嘗謂子彰曰：「吾以卿老蜯遂出明珠，意欲為群拜紀可乎？」 由是名譽日高，雅為搢紳所推許。 起家員外散騎侍郎，曆文襄大將軍主簿、中書舍人、兼中書侍郎，以本職兼太子洗馬。 自梁、魏通和，歲有交聘，仰每兼官宴接。 在席賦詩，仰必先成，雖未能盡工，以敏速見美。 除中書侍郎，修國史。 以父憂去職。 居喪盡禮，哀毀骨立，詔以本官起。 文襄時鎮鄴，嘉其至行，親詣門以慰勉之。
Yang, styled Yunju, was quick and fine-spirited. He read widely and grasped the Five Classics. Xing Shao of Hejian prized his writing. Shao told Zizhang, "From your oyster came a pearl—shall I have men bow to the chronicle? Fame rose; gentry praised him. He rose from attendant to Wenxiang's clerk, Secretariat posts, and Junior Mentor. When Liang and Wei exchanged envoys, Yang often hosted banquets. At feasts he finished poems first—praised for speed if not polish. Secretariat Vice Director editing national history. He mourned his father. Mourning broke his body; edict recalled him. Wenxiang at Ye came himself to comfort him.
31
仰母，魏上庸公主。 初封藍田，高明婦人也。 甚有志操。 仰昆季六人，並主所出，故邢邵常謂人云：「藍田生玉，固不虛矣。」 主教訓諸子，皆以義方。 雖創巨痛深，出於天性； 然動依禮度，亦母氏之訓焉。 仰兄弟相率廬于墓側，負土成墳。 朝廷所嗟尚，發詔褒揚，改其所居裏為孝終裏。 服竟，當襲，不忍嗣侯。 使迄未應受。
His mother was Wei's Princess of Shangyong. First Princess of Lantian—a woman of clarity. She had strong resolve. Six brothers all her sons—Shao said, "Lantian bears jade—not empty fame. She taught her sons righteousness. Grief vast as nature, yet he kept within ritual—his mother's teaching. His brothers camped together by the grave and piled earth into a mound. The court commended him by edict and renamed his neighborhood Filial-End Lane. When mourning ended he should have taken the marquisate, but he refused. He never did accept the title.
32
齊天保初，常山王薦仰器幹，文宣面授給事黃門侍郎。 遷吏部郎中。 上洛王思宗為清都尹，辟為邑中正，食貝丘縣幹。 遭母喪，哀慕毀悴，殆不勝喪，遂至沈篤，頓伏床枕，又成風疾。 第五弟摶遇疾，臨終，謂其兄弟曰：「大兄尪病如此，性至慈愛，摶之死日，必不得使大兄知之，哭泣聲必不可聞徹，致有感動。」 家人至於祖載，方始告之。 仰聞而悲痛，一慟便絕。 年四十八。
In early Tianbao the Prince of Changshan recommended Yang, and Emperor Wensuan personally made him Gentlemen of the Yellow Gate. He was promoted to director in the Ministry of Personnel. When Sizong of Shangluo served as Qingdu intendant, he made Yang district chief with a stipend from Beiqiu. After his mother died he grieved until he nearly collapsed; he lay bedridden and developed a wind disorder. His fifth brother Bo, dying, told the family: "Our eldest is frail and tender-hearted—when I die he must not hear it; no weeping must reach him or it will break him. The family told him only when the funeral cortege set out. Yang heard and sobbed once—and died. He was forty-eight.
33
仰自在朝行，篤慎周密。 不說人短，不伐己長，言論清遠，有人倫鑒裁，朝野甚悲惜之。 贈衛將軍、青州刺史，諡曰文。 所著文章十四卷，行於世。 齊之郊廟諸歌，多仰所制。
In office Yang was earnest, careful, and meticulous. He never gossiped about faults or trumpeted his gifts; his speech was measured and discerning, and all who knew him grieved. He was posthumously made General of the Guards and Governor of Qingzhou, with the posthumous name Wen. Fourteen scrolls of his writings circulated. Many of Northern Qi's temple and suburban hymns were Yang's work.
34
子乂字旦，襲爵始平侯。 乂聰敏博學，有文才，年十九舉司州秀才。 曆秘書郎、南陽王文學、通直散騎侍郎，待詔文林館，兼散騎侍郎。 迎陳使，還，兼中書舍人，加通直散騎常侍。 乂於《五經》最精熟，館中謂之石經。 人為之語曰：「《五經》無對，有陸乂。」
His son Yi, styled Dan, took the marquisate of Shiping. Clever and widely read, Yi showed literary talent and at nineteen was nominated prefectural outstanding talent. He served as secretariat gentleman, literary scholar to the Prince of Nanyang, and regular attendant of the unimpeded cavalry, awaiting orders at the Wulin Hall. After receiving a Chen envoy he was also made secretariat drafter and regular attendant of the unimpeded cavalry. Yi knew the Five Classics best; colleagues called him the living Stone Classics. A saying ran: "No one matches him on the Five Classics—there is Lu Yi."
35
仰第二弟駿，字雲驤。 自中書舍人曆黃門侍郎、散騎常侍，卒于東廣州刺史。
Yang's second brother Jun, styled Yunxiang. He rose from secretariat drafter through the yellow gate to regular attendant and died as governor of Eastern Guangzhou.
36
駿弟杳，字雲邁，亦曆中書舍人、黃門常侍，假儀同三司、秦州刺史。 武平中，為寇所圍。 經百餘日，就加開府儀同三司。 城中多疫癘，死者過半，人無異心。 遇疾卒。 及城陷，陳將吳明徹以杳有善政，吏人所懷，啟陳主，還其屍，家累貲物無所犯。 贈開府儀同三司、尚書僕射。 子玄卿，位尚書膳部郎。
Jun's brother Yao, styled Yunmai, held the same court posts and served provisionally as equal to the three dukes and governor of Qinzhou. During Wuping raiders besieged his city. After a hundred-odd days he was made grand guardian equal to the three dukes. Plague killed more than half the city, yet morale never cracked. He died of illness. When the city fell, Wu Mingche of Chen, honoring Yao's good rule, had his body returned unharmed and forbade looting. He was posthumously made grand guardian equal to the three dukes and vice minister of the masters of writing. His son Xuanqing was gentleman of the masters of writing for provisions.
37
杳弟騫，字雲儀，亦曆中書舍人、黃門常侍。 武平末，吏部郎中。
Yao's brother Qian, styled Yunyi, also served as secretariat drafter and regular gentleman of the yellow gate. At the end of Wuping he directed the ministry of personnel.
38
騫弟摶，字雲征，好學有行檢，卒于著作佐郎。
Qian's brother Bo, styled Yunzheng, was studious and upright and died as assistant in the bureau of writings.
39
摶弟彥師，字雲房，少以行檢稱。 及長好學，解屬文。 魏襄城王元旭引為參軍事，以父艱去職。 哀毀殆不勝喪，與兄仰廬于墓次。 鄉人重之，皆就墓側存問； 晦朔之際，車馬不絕。 中書令河間邢邵表薦之。 未報，彭城王浟為司州牧，召補主簿。 後曆中外府東閣祭酒。 兄仰當襲父始平侯，以彥師昆弟中最幼，表讓封焉，彥師固辭而止。 世稱友悌孝義，總萃一門。 為中書舍人、通直散騎侍郎。 每陳使至，必高選主客，彥師所接對者，前後六輩。 曆中書、黃門侍郎。 後以不阿宦者，遇讒，出為中山太守，有惠政。 數年，徵為吏部郎中、散騎常侍，又拜銀青光祿大夫，假儀同三司，行鄭州刺史，尋除給事黃門侍郎。 武平末，車駕如晉陽，北平王鎮鄴，委彥師留台機密，以重慎見知。 周武帝平齊，授彥師下大夫，轉少納言，賜爵臨水縣男。 及隋文為丞相，彥師遇疾，請假還鄴。 尉遲迥將為亂，彥師知之，遂將妻子潛歸長安。 文帝嘉之，授內史下大夫，拜上儀同。 及帝受禪，拜尚書左丞，進爵為子。 彥師素多病，未幾，以務劇病動，乞解所職，有詔聽以本官就第。 歲餘，轉吏部侍郎。 隋承周制，官無清濁，彥師在職，凡所任人，頗甄別於士庶，論者美之。 後復以病出為汾州刺史，卒官。
Bo's brother Yan Shi, styled Yunfang, was known young for integrity. As an adult he studied hard and wrote well. The Prince of Xiangcheng Yuan Xu took him as aide; he left office when his father died. Grief nearly destroyed him; he camped at the tomb with his brother Yang. Neighbors honored them and flocked to the graveside to console them; on every new and full moon the road was never empty of visitors. Chief Secretariat Xing Shao of Hejian recommended him by memorial. Before the court answered, You, Prince of Pengcheng and governor of Sizhou, made him chief clerk. He later served as eastern attendant in the inner and outer offices. Elder brother Yang was to inherit Shiping; he tried to yield to the youngest, Yan Shi, who refused and the matter ended. The age praised their fraternal bond and filial piety as unrivaled in one house. He became secretariat drafter and regular attendant of the unimpeded cavalry. Whenever Chen envoys came, the court picked its best host—Yan Shi entertained six missions in succession. He served in the secretariat and as gentleman of the yellow gate. Later, refusing to court eunuchs, he was slandered out to Zhongshan, where he ruled with kindness. Years later he returned as personnel director and regular attendant, then silver-seal grand master acting equal to the three dukes and governor of Zhengzhou, soon gentleman of the yellow gate. When the emperor went to Jinyang and the Prince of Northern Ping held Ye, Yan Shi was left with capital secrets, trusted for his caution. After Zhou's conquest of Qi he made Yan Shi junior grand master and junior admonisher, baron of Linshui. When Wen of Sui was still chancellor, Yan Shi fell ill and went home to Ye. Learning that Yuchi Jiong would rebel, he slipped his family back to Chang'an. Wen praised him, made him junior grand master of the palace secretariat, and gave him upper equal rank. At the founding of Sui he became left vice minister of the masters of writing and was raised to viscount. Chronically ill, he soon asked to quit when heavy duties worsened his health; the throne let him keep rank at home. A year later he became vice director of personnel. Sui kept Zhou's offices without "pure" versus "base" ranks; Yan Shi still distinguished gentry from commoners in appointments, to general praise. Ill again, he went out as governor of Fenzhou and died there.
40
睿字思弼，年十餘，襲爵撫軍大將軍、平原王。 沈雅好學，折節下士。 年未二十，時人便以宰輔許之。 娶東徐州刺史博陵崔鑒女。 時孝文尚未改北人姓，鑒謂所親云：「平原王才度不惡，但恨其姓名殊為重復。」 睿婚，自東徐還經鄴，見李彪，甚敬悅之。 仍與趣京，以為館客。 後為北征都督，擊蠕蠕，大破之。 遷侍中、都曹尚書。 時蠕蠕又犯塞，詔睿討之，追至石磧，禽其帥赤阿突等數百人。 還，加散騎常侍，遷尚書左僕射，領北部尚書。
Rui, styled Sibi, inherited at barely ten as General Who Pacifies the Army and Prince of Pingyuan. Refined and bookish, he humbled himself before scholars. Before twenty contemporaries already called him a future chief minister. He married Cui Jian of Boling, governor of Eastern Xuzhou. Xiaowen had not yet sinicized names; Jian said to friends, "The prince has talent, but that name of his is painfully repetitive. On his wedding journey home through Ye he met Li Biao and took an immediate liking to him. He brought Biao to the capital as a household guest. Later, as northern expedition commander, he routed the Rouran. He became palace attendant and master of writing for all offices. When the Rouran raided again, Rui pursued them to Shiji and took their chief Chi'atou and hundreds of captives. Returning, he was made regular attendant and left vice minister, heading the northern masters of writing.
41
十六年，降五等之爵，以麗勳著前朝，封睿钜鹿郡公。 尋為使持節、鎮北大將軍、尚書令、衛將軍，討蠕蠕，大破之而還。 以母憂解。 孝文將有南伐之事，以本官起授征南將軍。 睿固辭，請終情禮，敕有司敦喻不許。 復除使持節、都督恆州刺史，行尚書令。 時車駕南征，上表諫，帝不從。 睿又表請車駕還代，親臨太師馮熙葬，坐削奪都督三州諸軍事。 尋進號征北大將軍。 以有順遷之表，加邑四百戶。 時穆泰為定州刺史，以疾病，請恆州自效，乃以睿為定州刺史。 未發，遂與泰等同謀構逆，賜死獄中。 聽免孥戮，徙其妻子于遼西。
In year sixteen ranks were trimmed; for Li's old merit Rui was made Duke of Julu. Soon, staff-bearing grand general who pacifies the north, master of writing, and guards general, he smashed the Rouran again. He left office for his mother's mourning. When Xiaowen planned a southern war he was recalled as General Who Pacifies the South. Rui refused, pleading to finish mourning; the throne ordered him back and would not hear of it. He was again made staff-bearer and area commander of Hengzhou, acting master of writing. While the emperor marched south he memorialized in protest; the emperor ignored him. He asked the emperor to return for Feng Xi's funeral and lost command of three provinces' armies. Soon he was promoted to grand general who pacifies the north. A memorial favoring the capital move won him four hundred added households. Mu Tai of Dingzhou, ill, asked to swap to Hengzhou; Rui replaced him at Ding. Before he marched he plotted with Mu Tai and others; he was ordered to die in prison. His family was spared the clan penalty and exiled to Liaodong.
42
睿長子希道，字洪度。 有風貌，美須髯，曆覽經史，頗有文致。 初拜中散，遷通直郎。 坐父事，徙於遼西。 于後得還，從征自效，以軍功賜爵淮陽男，拜諫議大夫。 累遷前將軍、郢州刺史。 希道善於馭邊，甚有威略。 轉平西將軍、涇州刺史。 卒官，贈撫軍將軍、定州刺史。
Rui's eldest son Xidao, styled Hongdu. Handsome, bearded, well read, he wrote with some elegance. He began as palace scribe and became unimpeded gentleman. Because of his father's crime he was exiled to Liaodong. Later restored, he earned merit on campaign and was made baron of Huaiyang and remonstrating grand master. He rose to forward general and governor of Yingzhou. Xidao governed the frontier well and was a formidable strategist. He became general who pacifies the west and governor of Jingzhou. He died in office and was posthumously made general who pacifies the army and governor of Dingzhou.
43
希道有六子：士懋字元偉。 天平中以其曾祖麗有翼戴之勳，詔特復钜鹿郡公，令士懋襲。 位營州刺史。 士懋弟士宗，字仲彥，尚書左外兵郎中。 士宗弟士述，字幼文，符璽郎中。 建義初，並于河陰遇害。 士述弟士沈，出繼叔昕之。 士沈弟士廉，字季脩，建州平北府長史。 永安末，爾硃世隆攻陷州城，見害。 士廉弟士佩，字季偉，武定中，安東將軍、司州從事。
Xidao had six sons; the eldest was Shimao, styled Yuanwei. In Tianping, for great-grandfather Li's role enthroning the emperor, Shimao was restored to the Julu dukedom. He was governor of Yingzhou. Shimao's brother Shizong, styled Zhongyan, was left gentleman of the masters of writing for outer troops. Shizong's brother Shishu, styled Youwen, was gentleman for seals and credentials. In early Jianyi both were killed at Heyin. Shishu's brother Shishen was adopted by his uncle Xinzhi. Shishen's brother Shilian, styled Jixiu, was chief clerk of Jianzhou's pingbei headquarters. When Erzhu Shilong took Jianzhou at the end of Yong'an, Shilian was killed. Shilian's brother Shipei, styled Jiwei, in Wuding was general who pacifies the east and Sizhou retainer.
44
希道弟希悅，尚書外兵郎中。 麗季弟騏驎，侍御中散，轉侍御史。 太和初，新平太守。 子高貴，孝昌中，兗州鎮東府法曹參軍。
Xidao's brother Xiyue was gentleman of the masters of writing for outer troops. Li's younger brother Qilin was palace attendant within the hall, then attending censor. In early Taihe he governed Xinping. His son Gaogui in Xiaochang was legal aide on Yanzhou's eastern staff.
45
高貴子操，字仲志，高簡有風格，早以學業知名，雅好文。 操仕魏，兼散騎常侍聘梁。 使還，為廷尉卿。 齊文襄為世子，甚好色，崔季舒為掌媒焉。 薛氏寘書妻元氏有色，迎入欲通之。 元氏正辭，且哭。 世子使季舒送付廷尉罪之。 操曰：「廷尉守天子法，須知罪狀。」 世子怒，召操，命刀環築之，更令科罪。 操終不撓，乃口責之。 後徙御史中丞。 天保中，卒于殿中尚書。 子孔璋，武平中，卒于高陽太守。
Gaogui's son Cao, styled Zhongzhi, was austere and stylish, famed early for learning and fond of letters. Cao of Wei served as concurrent regular attendant on an embassy to Liang. On his return he became minister of justice. Wenxiang of Qi, as heir apparent, was licentious; Cui Jishu arranged his affairs. He brought in Yuan, wife of Registrar Xue Zhi, intending to take her. Yuan rebuked him sternly and wept. The heir had Jishu send her to justice for punishment. Cao said, "Justice guards the emperor's law—we must know the charge. The heir raged, had him beaten with a sword-ring, and demanded a verdict. Cao never yielded and rebuked him to his face. He was later made censor in chief. In Tianbao he died as director within the hall of the masters of writing. His son Kongzhang died in Wuping as governor of Gaoyang.
46
高貴弟孟遠，位奉朝請。 孟遠子概之，位司農卿。
Gaogui's brother Mengyuan was a court gentleman for the dynasty. Mengyuan's son Gaizhi was minister of the imperial granaries.
47
概之子爽，字開明。 少聰敏，年九歲就學，日誦二千餘言。 齊尚書僕射楊遵彥見而異之曰：「陸氏世有人焉。」 仕齊，位中書侍郎。 齊滅，周武帝聞其名，與陽休之、袁叔德等俱征入關。 諸人多將輜重，爽獨載數千卷書。 至長安，授宣納上士。 隋文帝受禪，頻遷太子洗馬，與左庶子宇文愷等撰《東宮典記》七十卷。 朝廷以其博學有口辯，陳人至境，常令迎勞。 卒官，贈上儀同、宣州刺史。
Gaizhi's son Shuang, styled Kaiming. Clever as a boy, at nine he recited over two thousand characters a day. Yang Zunyan, Qi vice minister of the masters of writing, said in wonder, "The Lus never run dry of talent. He served Qi as secretariat vice minister. When Qi fell, Zhou's emperor summoned him with Yang Xiuzhi and Yuan Shude into the Pass. Others hauled valuables; Shuang brought only thousands of scrolls. In Chang'an he was made upper gentleman for proclamation. Under Sui he rose to crown prince reader and with Yuwen Kai compiled seventy scrolls of Eastern Palace records. His learning and tongue made him the court's choice to greet Chen envoys at the border. He died in office, posthumously upper equal in rank and governor of Xuanzhou.
48
子法言，敏學有家風，釋褐承奉郎。 初，爽之為洗馬，常奏文帝云：「皇太子諸子未有嘉名，請依《春秋》之義，更立名字。」 上從之。 及太子廢，上追怒爽曰：「我孫制名，甯不自解？ 陸爽乃爾多事！ 扇惑於勇，亦由此人。 其身雖故，子孫並宜屏黜，終身不齒。」 法言竟坐除名。
His son Fayin, quick-witted and true to the family trade, began as gentleman for reception. As reader, Shuang asked Wen to rename the crown prince's sons by Spring and Autumn precedent. The emperor agreed. When the crown prince fell, Wen raged at Shuang: "Did I need him to name my grandsons? Lu Shuang meddled once too often! He also stirred up Yong. Though dead, his line should be erased from office forever. Fayin was struck from the rolls.
49
源賀，西平樂都人，私署河西王禿發傉檀之子也。 傉檀為乞伏熾盤所滅，賀自樂都奔魏。 賀偉容貌，善風儀。 太武素聞其名。 及見，器其機辯，賜爵西平侯。 謂曰：「卿與朕同源，因事分姓，今可為源氏。」 從擊叛胡白龍，又討吐京胡，皆先登陷陣。 以功進號平西將軍。 太武征涼州，以為鄉導，問攻戰之計。 賀曰：「姑臧外有四部鮮卑，各為之援，然皆臣祖父舊人。 臣願軍前宣國威信，必相率請降。 外援既服，然後攻其孤城，拔之如反掌耳。」 帝曰：「善。」 乃遣賀招慰，下三萬餘落。 及圍姑臧，由是無外慮，故得專力攻之。 涼州平，以功進爵西平公。 又從征蠕蠕，擊五城吐京胡，討蓋吳諸賊，皆有功，拜散騎常侍。 從駕臨江，為前鋒大將，善撫士卒，加有料敵制勝之謀。
Yuan He of Ledu in Xiping was son of Tufa Rutan, the self-styled King of Hexi. When Chitan of Qifu destroyed Rutan, He fled to Wei from Ledu. He was imposing and graceful in manner. Emperor Taiwu had long known his name. Meeting him, the emperor prized his wit and made him Marquis of Xiping. He said, "We share one origin; take the surname Yuan. He helped crush Bailong and the Tujing Hu, always first over the wall. For merit he became General Who Pacifies the West. On the Liangzhou campaign Taiwu used him as guide and asked his battle plan. He said, "Four Xianbei divisions outside Guzang support the city, but they are my grandfather's old followers. Let me proclaim the dynasty's authority—they will surrender in chains. Once allies fall away, the lone city will fall at a touch. The emperor said, "Good." He sent He to win them; thirty thousand households came in. Besieging Guzang without outside interference, the army could strike with full force. When Liangzhou fell he was raised to Duke of Xiping. More campaigns against Rouran, Tujing Hu, and Gai Wu won him regular attendant. At the Yangzi he led the vanguard, comforted the troops, and outthought the enemy.
50
賀為人雄果，每遇強寇，輙自奮擊，帝深誡之。 賀本名破羌，是役也，帝謂曰：「人之立名，宜保其實，何可濫也？」 賜名賀焉。 拜殿中尚書。 南安王余為宗愛所殺，賀部勒禁兵，靜遏外內，與南部尚書陸麗決議定策，翼戴文成。 令麗與劉尼馳詣苑中奉迎，賀營中為內應。 俄而麗抱文成，單騎而至。 及即位，賀有力焉。 以定策勳，進爵西平王。 及班賜百寮，敕賀任意取之，辭以江南未賓，漢北不款，府庫不宜致匱。 固使取之，唯取戎馬一疋。
Bold to a fault, he threw himself at every strong foe until the emperor warned him. Born Poqiang, he was told in this war, "A name should fit the deed—yours is too grand. He was renamed He. He became director within the hall of the masters of writing. When Zong Ai murdered Prince Yu of Nan'an, He rallied the guard, steadied the palace with Lu Li, and enthroned Wencheng. He sent Li and Liu Ni to the park to fetch the heir while he held the camp. Soon Li arrived alone on horseback carrying the boy emperor. He had done much to place him on the throne. For fixing the succession he was made Prince of Xiping. At the general reward he was told to take what he wished but refused, saying the treasury must stay full while north and south were still unconquered. Pressed again, he took only one frontier horse.
51
時斷獄多濫。 賀上書曰：「案律，謀反之家，其子孫雖養他族，追還就戮所以絕罪人之類，彰大逆之辜。 其為劫賊應誅者，兄弟子侄在遠道隔關津皆不坐。 竊惟先朝制律之意，以不同謀，非絕類之罪，故特垂不死之詔。 若年十三已下，家人首惡，計所不及。 臣愚以為可原其命，沒入官。」 帝納之。
Justice then ran to excess. He wrote that rebel clans—even children raised elsewhere—were hunted down to extirpate traitors, unlike mere bandits. Yet robbers' kin far beyond the passes were spared—a deliberate distinction. The old code meant non-conspirators were not of the traitor's kind and deserved mercy. Children under thirteen could not be held to account for the plot. He urged sparing such lives and enrolling them as government slaves. The emperor agreed.
52
出為冀州刺史，改封隴西王。 既受除，上書曰：「臣聞人之所寶，莫寶於生命； 德之厚者，莫厚於宥死。 然犯死之罪，難以盡恕。 權其輕重，有可矜恤。 今勍寇游魂於北，狡賊負險于南，其在疆場，猶須戍防。 臣愚以為自非大逆、赤手殺人之罪，其坐贓及盜與過誤之愆應入死者，皆可原命，謫守邊境。 是則已斷之體，更受生成之恩； 徭役之家，漸蒙休息之惠。 刑措之化，庶幾在茲。」 帝喜納之，已後入死者，皆恕死徙邊。 久之，帝謂群臣曰：「昔源賀勸朕，宥諸死刑，徙充北籓諸戍。 自爾至今，一歲所活，殊為不少。 濟命之理既多，邊戍之兵有益。 苟人人如賀，朕臨天下，復何憂哉！」 群臣咸曰：「非忠臣不能進此計，非聖明不能納此言。」
He went out to Jizhou and was made Prince of Longxi. On taking office he wrote: "Of all treasures, life is dearest; among mercies, none greater than sparing the condemned; yet capital crimes cannot all be forgiven. Still, weight and mercy may leave room for pity. Fierce foes haunt north and south; the borders still need men. Save outright treason and murder, let embezzlers and thieves live as frontier guards. Men marked for death would live again; corvée households would breathe easier. Thus punishment might nearly disappear. The emperor embraced the plan; thereafter capital sentences became exile. Long after, the emperor told his ministers how He had urged sparing the condemned for the northern garrisons. Since then the lives saved each year were many. Saving so many lives also strengthened the frontier. If all my men were like He, what should I fear under heaven! The ministers said only a loyal minister proposes such a plan and only a sage accepts it.
53
賀之臨州，鞫獄以情，徭役簡省，清約寬裕，甚得人心。 時武邑郡奸人石華告沙門道可與賀謀反，有司以聞。 文成曰：「賀保無此。」 乃精加訊檢，華果引誣。 乃遣使慰勉之。 帝顧左右曰：「賀忠誠，尚致誣謗，其不若是者，可無慎乎！」 時考殿最，賀政為上第，賜衣馬器物，班宣天下。 後徵拜太尉。 蠕蠕寇邊，賀從駕討破之。 及獻文將傳位於京兆王子推，時賀都督諸軍事屯漠南，乃馳傳征賀。 賀至，正色固執不可。 即詔持節奉皇帝璽綬以授孝文。 是歲，河西叛，敕遣賀討之，多所降破。 賀依古今兵法及先儒耆舊說，略采至要，為十二陳圖，上之，獻文覽而嘉焉。 又都督三道諸軍屯漠南。
As governor he judged by the facts, eased corvée, lived sparely, and won deep loyalty. A Wuyi scoundrel accused monk Daoke and He of plotting rebellion. Wencheng said, "He would never do that. A careful inquiry proved Hua's frame-up. The emperor sent He words of comfort. He told his attendants, "If even loyal He is slandered, how careful must lesser men be! In the performance review He's province ranked first; rewards were proclaimed empire-wide. He was later summoned as grand commandant. When the Rouran raided, He campaigned with the emperor and routed them. As Xianwen prepared to abdicate to the Prince of Jingzhao, He was summoned from the desert garrison. He arrived and flatly refused the abdication. An edict then had him present the imperial seal to Xiaowen. When Hexi rebelled that year, He subdued many by force and surrender. He distilled ancient tactics into twelve battle diagrams that Xianwen praised. He again commanded the three-route army south of the desert.
54
時每歲秋冬，遣軍三道並出，以備北寇，至春中乃班師。 賀以勞役京都，又非禦邊長計，乃上言，請募諸州鎮有武勇者三萬人，復其徭賦，厚加振恤，分為三部。 二鎮之間築城，城置萬人，給強弩十二床，武衛三百乘。 弩一床給牛六頭，武衛一乘給牛二頭。 多造馬槍及諸器械，使武略大將二人以鎮撫之。 冬則講武，春則種植，並戍並耕，則兵未勞而有盈蓄矣。 又于白道南三處立倉，運近州鎮租粟以充之。 足食足兵，以備不虞，於事為便。 不可歲常舉眾。 事寢不報。
Each autumn three columns marched north; by spring they withdrew. He argued the yearly expeditions exhausted the capital and proposed recruiting thirty thousand frontier warriors with tax relief in three divisions. Between two posts he would build forts of ten thousand men with heavy crossbows and war chariots. Each crossbow team took six oxen; each chariot two. He would stock lances and gear and station two generals to command them. Winter drill, spring farming—troops would stay fed without annual marches from the capital. He would build three granaries south of the White Road filled with nearby rents. Full granaries and full ranks would guard the frontier cheaply. The realm need not mobilize every year. The throne filed it without answer.
55
上書稱病乞骸骨，至於再三，乃許之。 朝有大議，皆就詢訪，又給衣藥珍羞。 太和元年二月，療疾于溫湯。 孝文、文明太后遣使屢問消息，太醫視疾。 患篤，還于京師。 乃遺令諸子曰：「吾頃以老患辭事，不悟天慈降恩，爵逮於汝。 汝其毋傲吝，毋荒怠，毋奢越，毋嫉妒。 疑思問，言思審，行思恭，服思度。 遏惡揚善，親賢遠佞，目觀必真，耳屬必正，忠勤以事君，清約以臨己。 吾終之後，所葬，時服單櫝，足申孝心，皞靈明器，一無用也。」 三年，薨，贈侍中、太尉、隴西王印綬，諡曰宣王。 賜巉輬車及命服、溫明秘器，陪葬金陵。
He begged retirement on illness three times before it was granted. Great debates still sought him out; the court sent robes, medicine, and delicacies. In Taihe year one, second month, he took the hot springs for his health. Xiaowen and Empress Dowager Wenming sent physicians and repeated inquiries. When he grew worse he returned to the capital. Dying, he told his sons, "I quit office with age, never expecting ennoblement to reach you. Be neither arrogant nor stingy, neither slack nor jealous. Question what you doubt; weigh your words; honor your conduct; measure your dress. Repress evil, uplift good, trust the worthy, shun flatterers, see clearly, hear straight, serve loyally, live sparely. Bury me in plain timely dress in one coffin; no bright spirit goods at all. In year three he died, posthumously palace attendant, grand commandant, and Prince Xuan of Longxi. He was buried at Jinling with imperial funeral gear.
56
長子延，性謹厚，少好學，位侍御中散，賜爵廣武子。 卒，贈涼州刺史，廣武侯，諡曰簡。 子鱗襲。
Eldest son Yan was dutiful and studious, palace attendant within the hall, viscount of Guangwu. He died, posthumously governor of Liangzhou, marquis of Guangwu, posthumous name Jian. His son Lin inherited.
57
延弟思禮，後賜名懷，謙恭寬雅有大度。 文成末，為侍御中散。 父賀辭老，詔受父爵。 後持節督諸軍屯于漠南，蠕蠕甚憚之。 還，除殿中尚書，出為長安鎮將、雍州刺史。 清儉有惠政，善撫恤，劫盜息止。 復拜殿中尚書，加侍中，參都曹事。 又督諸軍征蠕蠕，六道大將，咸受節度。 遷尚書令，參議律令。 後便降為公。 除司州刺史。 又從駕南征，加衛大將軍，領中軍事。 以母憂去職，賜帛三百匹，谷一千石。 車駕幸代，詔使者吊慰。
Yan's brother Sil, later Huai, was modest, spacious, and magnanimous. At the end of Wencheng he was palace attendant within the hall. When He retired, an edict let Huai inherit his father's rank. Commanding south of the desert, he made the Rouran fear him. Returning, he directed the masters of writing within the hall, then governed Yong from Chang'an. Frugal and kind, he soothed the people until banditry stopped. He was again director within the hall, palace attendant, and joined all-office affairs. Campaigning against the Rouran again, six grand generals answered to him. He became master of writing and helped revise the law. He was later reduced to duke. He was made governor of Sizhou. On the southern campaign he was made guards general in charge of central armies. For his mother's mourning he received three hundred bolts of silk and a thousand piculs of grain. When the emperor went to Dai, envoys were sent to condole.
58
景明二年，除尚書左僕射，加位特進。 時詔以奸吏犯罪，每多逃遁，肆眚乃出，並皆釋然。 自今犯罪，不問輕重，藏竄者，悉皆遠流。 若永避不出，兄弟代徙。 懷乃奏曰：「謹案條例，逃吏不在赦限。 竊惟聖朝之恩，事異前宥，諸流徙在路，尚蒙旋返，況有未發，而仍遣邊戍？ 案守宰犯罪，逃走者眾，祿潤既優，尚有茲失，及蒙恩宥，卒然得還。 今獨苦此等，恐非均一之法。」 書奏，門下以成式既班，駁奏不許。 懷重奏曰：「臣以為法貴經通，政尚簡要，刑憲之設，所以網羅罪人，苟理之所備，不在繁典。 伏尋條例，勳品以下，罪發逃亡，遇恩不宥。 雖欲抑絕奸途，匪為通式。 謹按事條，侵官敗法，專據流外，豈九品已上，人皆貞白也？ 其諸州守宰，職任清流，至有貪濁，事發逃竄，而遇恩免罪； 勳品已下，獨求斯例。 如此，則寬縱上流，法切於下，育物有差，惠罰不等。 又謀逆滔天，經恩尚免，吏犯微罪，獨不蒙赦，使大宥之經不通，開生之路致壅； 進違古典，退乖今律。 臣少踐天官，老荷樞要，每見訴訟，出入嗟苦，輒率愚見，以為宜停。」 書奏，宣武納之。 其年，除車騎大將軍、涼州大中正。
In Jingming year two he became left vice minister with special advancement. An edict said corrupt officials who fled would be amnestied like all others. Henceforth all fugitives, whatever the crime, would be exiled. If they never surfaced, their brothers would serve the sentence. Huai replied that fugitive officials were never within amnesty by regulation. Exiles already on the road were being recalled—how could fresh fugitives be sent to the frontier? Many magistrates fled despite rich salaries, yet would return under grace. Punishing only the lowborn, he argued, was not uniform law. The memorial reached the gate; the edict stood and was rejected. Huai wrote again: law should be simple; nets need not be tangled. Below merit rank, fleeing criminals were denied amnesty. That rule stifled crime but was no universal pattern. Did only men below the ninth rank sin, while every higher officer was spotless? High prefects who fled corruption were pardoned while merit-rank men alone were hunted; only the humble were denied the same mercy. Thus the mighty were indulged and the low crushed—unequal mercy. Treason itself could be pardoned, yet petty official crimes could not—choking the amnesty itself; It offended both antiquity and the current code. Long in office, he had watched suits break men and urged the policy be dropped. Xuanwu accepted the memorial. That year he became grand general of cavalry and grand rectifier of Liangzhou.
59
懷又表曰：「昔世祖升遐，南安在位，出拜東廟為賊臣宗愛所賊。 時高宗避難，龍潛苑中，宗愛異圖，神位未立。 先臣賀與長孫渴侯、陸麗等奉迎高宗，纂徽寶命。 麗以扶負聖躬，親所見識，蒙授撫軍、司徒公、平原王。 興安二年，追論定策之勳，進先臣爵西平王。 皇興季年，顯祖將傳大位於京兆王，先臣時都督諸將屯于武川，被征詣京，特見顧問。 先臣固執不可，顯祖久乃許之，遂命先臣持節授皇帝璽綬于高祖。 至太和十六年，麗息睿狀秘書，稱其亡父與先臣援立高宗，朝廷追錄，封睿钜鹿郡開國公。 臣時丁艱草土，不容及例。 至二十年，除臣雍州刺史。 臨發奉辭，面奏先帝，申先臣舊勳。 時蒙敕旨，但赴所臨，尋當別判。 至二十一年，車駕幸雍，臣復陳聞。 時蒙敕旨，征還當授。 自宮車晏駕，遂爾不申。 竊惟先臣，遠則授立高宗，寶曆不墜； 近則陳力顯祖，神器有歸。 如斯之勳，超世之事也。 麗以父功，而獲山河之賞； 臣有家勳，不沾茅土之錫。 得否相懸，請垂裁處。」 詔曰：「宿老元臣，雲如所訴，訪之史官，頗亦言此。 可依授北馮翊郡開國公，食邑九百戶。」
Huai recalled how Emperor Shizu died, Nan'an reigned, and Zong Ai murdered him at the eastern temple. Gaozong hid in the park while Zong Ai plotted and the throne stood empty. His father He with Zhangsun Kehou and Lu Li enthroned Gaozong. Li, who carried the emperor in his arms, became general who pacifies the army, master of writing duke, prince of Pingyuan. In Xing'an year two his father was raised to Prince of Xiping for enthroning the emperor. When Xianzu would abdicate to Jingzhao, his father was summoned from Wuchuan for counsel. His father refused the abdication until Xianzu yielded, then handed Gaozu the seal. In Taihe sixteen Rui won a Julu founding dukedom by citing his father's role with He's in enthroning Gaozong. Huai was in mourning and could not claim then. In year twenty he became governor of Yongzhou. Leaving for Yong, he reminded the late emperor of his father's service. An edict told him to take the post; reward would follow. In year twenty-one, when the emperor visited Yong, he spoke again. He was told he would be enfeoffed on recall. After the emperor's death he could not press it. His father had far back saved the succession when Gaozong was made emperor; near at hand he secured Xianzu's abdication to Gaozu. Such merit outshone his generation. Li won mountains-and-rivers reward for his father's deed; Huai's house had equal merit yet no fief. The disparity was unjust—he asked the throne to decide. The edict said the histories confirmed his plea. He was made founding duke of Beifengyi with nine hundred households.
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又詔為使持節，加侍中、行台，巡行北邊六鎮，恆、北、朔三州，賑給貧乏，兼采風謠，考論殿最，事之得失，先決後聞。 自京師遷洛，邊朔遙遠，加以連年旱儉，百姓困弊。 懷銜命撫導，存恤有方，便宜運轉，有無通濟。 時後父于勁勢傾朝野，勁兄子祚與懷宿昔通婚，時為沃野鎮將，頗有受納。 將入鎮，祚郊迎道左，懷不與相聞，即劾祚免官。 懷朔鎮將元尼須與懷少舊，亦貪穢狼籍。 置酒請懷，曰：「命之長短，由卿之口，豈可不相寬貸？」 懷曰：「今日之集，乃是源懷與故人飲酒之坐，非鞫獄之所也。 明日公庭，始為使人檢鎮將罪狀之處。」 尼須揮淚而已，無以對之。 既而懷錶劾尼須。 其奉公不撓，皆此類也。 時百姓為豪強陵壓，積年枉滯，一朝見申者，日有百數。 所上事宜，便於北邊者，凡三十餘條，皆見嘉納。
He was sent with a staff as mobile headquarters to tour six northern garrisons and three provinces, aid the poor, hear folk songs, and judge officials. After the move to Luoyang the north starved through drought after drought. Huai fed the frontier wisely and kept supplies moving. Empress Yu Jin's kin ruled the court; his nephew Zuo, Huai's in-law and Woye commander, took bribes. Zuo met him outside town; Huai ignored him and impeached him from office. Huaishuo commander Yuan Nixu, an old friend, was likewise corrupt. Nixu wined him and said, "My life is in your mouth—won't you spare me? Huai said, "Tonight I drink with a friend—not a court of justice. Tomorrow at court I start inspecting the garrison commanders' crimes." Ni Xu wept and could not answer. Soon Huai impeached Ni Xu. Serving the public without yielding—always like this. People crushed by great houses had cases stalled for years; in one morning hundreds were cleared daily. More than thirty proposals useful to the north were all praised and adopted.
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正始元年九月，有告蠕蠕率十二萬騎，六道並進，欲直趣沃野、懷朔，南寇恆、代。 詔懷以本官加使持節、侍中，出據北蕃。 指授規略，隨須徵發，諸所處分，皆以便宜從事。 又詔懷子直寢徵隨懷北行。 詔賜馬一匹、細鎧一具、禦槊一枚。 懷拜受既訖，乃於其庭，跨鞍執槊，躍馬大呼。 顧謂賓客曰：「氣力雖衰，尚得如此。 蠕蠕雖畏壯輕老，我亦未便可欺。 今奉廟勝之規，總驍捍之眾，足以擒其酋帥，獻俘闕下耳。」 時年六十一。 懷至雲中，蠕蠕亡遁。 旋至恆、代，乃案視諸鎮左右要害之地，可以築城置戍之處，皆量其高下，揣其厚薄，及儲糧積仗之宜，犬牙相救之勢，凡表五十八條，宣武並從之。 卒，贈司徒公，諡曰惠。
In the ninth month, Zhengshi 1, word came that the Rouran had 120,000 horse on six roads toward Woye and Huaishuo and south against Heng and Dai. Huai kept his rank, gained staff credentials and Palace Attendant, and went to hold the northern border. He was given strategy, could levy as needed, and act on expedient authority. His son Zhizhen was summoned to go north with him. The court gave him a horse, fine armor, and an imperial lance. After the bow he mounted in his courtyard, seized the lance, spurred his horse, and shouted. He told his guests, "Weak as I am, I can still do this. The Rouran fear the strong and mock the old—but I am not so easily fooled. Under the court's winning plan, with fierce troops, I can still take their chiefs and bring captives to the palace. He was sixty-one. At Yunzhong the Rouran fled. At Heng and Dai he surveyed garrison terrain for walls and posts, heights, thickness, grain, arms, and mutual relief—fifty-eight memorials, all accepted by Xuanwu. He died and was posthumously Duke of Situ, posthumous name Kind.
62
懷性寬簡，不好煩碎。 恆語人曰：「為政貴當舉綱，何必須太子細也！ 如為屋，但外望高顯，楹棟平正，足矣。 斧斤不平，非屋病也。」 性不飲酒，而喜以飲人。 好接賓客，雅善音律，雖在白首，至宴居之暇，常自操絲竹。
Huai was easygoing and hated petty detail. He said, "Government needs the main rope raised—why fuss like crown-prince threadwork! A house needs only a lofty front and level beams. Uneven carpentry is not the house's fault. He did not drink but loved treating others. He loved guests and music; though white-haired, at leisure he often played strings himself.
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子子邕，字靈和。 少好文雅，篤志於學，推誠待士，士多歸之。 累遷夏州刺史。 時沃野鎮人破六韓拔陵首為反亂，統萬逆徒，寇害應接。 子邕嬰城自守，城中糧盡，煮馬皮而食之。 子邕善綏撫，無有離貳。 以饑饉轉切，欲自出求糧，留子延伯據守。 僚屬僉雲，未若棄城俱去，更展規略。 子邕泣請於眾曰：「吾世荷國恩，此是吾死地，更欲何求！」 遂自率羸弱向東夏運糧。 延伯與將士送出城，哭而拜辭，三軍莫不嗚咽。 子邕為朔方胡帥曹阿各拔所邀，力屈被執。 乃密遣人齎書間行與城中云：「大軍在近，汝其奉忠，勿移其操。」 子邕雖被囚束，雅為胡人所敬，常以百姓禮事之。 子邕為陳安危禍福之端，勸阿各拔令降。 將從之，未果而死。 拔弟桑生代總部眾，竟隨子邕降。 時北海王顥為大行台，子邕具陳諸賊可滅狀。 顥給子邕兵，令其先出。 時東夏合境反叛，所在屯結。 子邕轉戰而前，九旬之中，凡數十戰，乃平東夏。 徵稅租粟，運糧統萬，於是二夏漸寧。 及蕭寶夤等為賊所敗，關右騷擾，時子邕新平黑城，遂率士馬並夏州募義人，鼓行南出。 賊帥康維摩守鋸穀，斷絕<嬰瓦>棠橋。 子邕與戰，大破之，禽維摩。 又攻破賊帥契官斤于楊氏堡。 出自西夏，至於東夏，轉戰千里。 至是，朝廷始得委問。 除兼行台尚書。 復破賊帥紇單步胡提于曲沃，明帝璽書勞勉之。 子邕在白水郡破賊率宿勤明達子阿非軍，多所斬獲。 除給事黃門侍郎，封樂平縣公。
His son Ziyong, styled Linghe. From youth he loved letters, studied hard, and won scholars by sincerity. He rose to Governor of Xiazhou. When Woye men followed Poliuhan Baling in the first northern revolt, Tongwan rebels harried without pause. Ziyong held the city; grain ran out and they boiled horsehide. He soothed the people and none deserted. Famine sharpened; he would seek grain himself and leave Yanbo to hold the city. His staff urged abandoning the city and regrouping. Weeping, he told them, "My house owes the state for generations; this is where I die—what more could I want! He led the weak east to Xia to bring grain. Yanbo and the troops saw him out, weeping and bowing; the army sobbed. The Shuo chief Cao A Geba intercepted him; spent, he was taken. He sent a secret letter: "The army is near—stay loyal and do not waver. Though captive, the barbarians respected him and treated him with civil courtesy. He explained safety and danger and urged A Geba to surrender. A Geba was about to yield when Ziyong died. Brother Sang Sheng took the tribe and finally submitted as Ziyong had urged. Prince of Beihai Yuan Hao was Grand Commissioner; Ziyong laid out how to destroy the rebels. Hao gave him troops and sent him ahead. All eastern Xia rose; bands formed everywhere. He fought on; in ninety days and dozens of battles he pacified eastern Xia. He levied grain, shipped it to Tongwan, and both Xia lands grew quiet. When Baoyin and others fell in Guanxi, Ziyong, fresh from Heicheng, marched south with Xiazhou volunteers. Rebel Kang Weimo held Juguli and cut Yingtang Bridge. Ziyong routed him and took Weimo. He also beat Qiguan Jin at Yangshi Fort. From western to eastern Xia he fought a thousand li. Only then did the court send formal inquiries. He was made concurrent Mobile Secretariat Director. He beat Hedan Buhuti at Quwo; Ming sent an imperial letter of praise. At Baishui he routed Afei, son of Suqin Mingda, and took many heads. He was Attendant of the Yellow Gate and Duke of Leping.
64
以葛榮久逼信都，詔子邕為北討都督。 時相州刺史、安樂王鑒據鄴反，敕子邕與都督李神軌先討平之。 改封陽平縣公。 遂與裴衍發鄴，討葛榮。 而信都城陷，除子邕冀州刺史，與裴衍俱進。 子邕戰敗而歿，贈司空，諡曰莊穆。
Ge Rong long besieged Xindu; Ziyong was made Northern Campaign Commander. Prince of Anle Yuan Jian held Ye; Ziyong and Li Shengui were ordered to crush him first. His fief became Duke of Yangping. He then left Ye with Pei Yan against Ge Rong. Xindu fell; he was made Jizhou Inspector and advanced with Pei Yan. He was beaten and died; posthumously Minister of Works, posthumous name Solemn.
65
子邕弟子恭，字靈順，聰敏好學。 稍遷尚書北主客郎，攝南主客事。 時梁亡人許周自雲梁給事黃門侍郎，朝士咸共信待。 子恭奏以為真偽難辨，請下徐、楊二州密訪。 周果以罪歸闕，詐假職位，如子恭所疑。 河州羌卻鐵匆反，詔子恭為行台討之。 子恭示以威恩，兩旬間悉降。 朝廷嘉之。 正光元年，為行台左丞，巡北邊。 轉為起部郎中。 明堂、辟雍並未建就，子恭上書，求加經綜。 書奏，從之。 稍遷豫州刺史。 頻以軍功，加鎮南將軍，兼尚書行台。 元顥之入洛也，加子恭車騎將軍； 子恭不敢拒之，而頻遣間使參莊帝動靜。 未幾，顥敗，車駕還洛，錄前後征討功，封臨潁縣侯，侍中。
Nephew Zigong, styled Lingshun, was clever and studious. He rose to Northern Host-guest Gentleman and handled southern host-guest affairs too. Liang refugee Xu Zhou claimed to be Liang Yellow Gate Attendant; the court trusted him. Zigong said the claim was doubtful and asked secret inquiry in Xu and Yang. Zhou was brought back under charge for false rank, as Zigong had said. Hezhou Qiang Qie Tiecang rebelled; Zigong was sent to attack. He mixed sternness and grace; in twenty days all surrendered. The court praised him. Zhengguang 1 he toured the north as Mobile Left Director. He became Bureau Director of Construction. Bright Hall and Imperial Academy were unfinished; Zigong asked to oversee them. The throne accepted. He rose to Yuzhou Inspector. For repeated merit he was General Who Pacifies the South and concurrent Mobile Director. When Yuan Hao took Luoyang, Zigong was made General of Cavalry and Chariots; he did not dare refuse but sent secret reports on Emperor Zhuang. Soon Hao fell, the emperor returned, and Zigong was Marquis of Linying and Palace Attendant for past merit.
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爾硃榮之死也，世隆、度律斷據河橋，詔子恭為都督以討之。 尋而太府卿李苗夜燒河橋，世隆退走，以子恭兼尚書僕射，為大行台、大都督。 節閔帝初，以預定策勳，封臨汝縣子。 永熙中，入為吏部尚書。 以子恭前在豫州戰功，追賞襄城縣男。 又論子恭余效，封新城縣子。 子恭尋表請轉授第五子文盛，許之。
When Erzhu Rong died, Shilong and Dulü held He Bridge; Zigong was ordered to attack. Li Miao burned He Bridge by night; Shilong fled; Zigong became Vice Director, Grand Commissioner, and Grand Commander. At Jiemin's accession he was Viscount of Linru for fixing the succession. In Yongxi he became Minister of Civil Service. For Yuzhou merit he was retroactively Baron of Xiangcheng. Further merit made him Viscount of Xincheng. He asked to give the rank to his fifth son Wensheng and was allowed.
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天平初，除中書監。 三年，拜魏尹，又為齊神武王軍司。 卒，贈司空公，諡曰文獻。 子彪。
At Tianping's start he was Secretariat Director. In year three he was Wei Governor and adviser to Prince Qi Shenwu. He died posthumously Duke of Works, posthumous name Cultured. Son Biao.
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彪字文宗，學涉機警，少有名譽。 魏永安中，以父功賜爵臨潁縣伯。 天平四年，為涼州大中正。 及齊文襄攝選，沙汰台郎，以文宗為尚書祠部郎中。 皇建二年，累遷涇州刺史。 文宗以恩信待物，甚得邊境之和，為鄰人所欽服，前政被抄掠者，多被放遣。 累遷秦州刺史，乘傳之府，特給後部鼓吹。 時李貞聘陳，陳主云：「齊朝還遣源涇州來在瓜步，真可謂通和矣。」 武平三年，授秘書監。
Biao, styled Wenzong, was learned and quick; from youth he was known. In Yongan, for his father's merit, he was Baron of Linying. Tianping 4 he was Liangzhou Grand Rectifier. When Wenxiang purged Secretariat gentlemen, Wenzong became Director of the Ancestral Temples Bureau. Huangjian 2 he rose to Jingzhou Inspector. He ruled the border by kindness and trust; neighbors submitted and returned many earlier captives. He rose to Qinzhou Inspector and was given rear guard music on post horses. When Li Zhen went to Chen, the Chen ruler said, "Qi has again sent the man from Jingzhou to Guabu—how open we are. Wuping 3 he was Secretariat Director.
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陳將吳明徹寇淮南，曆陽、瓜步相尋失守。 趙彥深於起居省密訪文宗討捍之計。 文宗曰：「國家待遇淮南，失之同於蒿箭。 以為宜以淮南委之王琳。 琳於曇頊，不肯北面事之明矣。」 彥深曰：「弟此良圖。 但以口舌爭來十日，已是不見從。 時事如此，安可盡言！」 因相顧流涕。 及齊平，與陽休之等十八人入京，授儀同大將軍、司成下大夫。 隋開皇中，拜莒州刺史。 遇病去官，卒。
Chen general Wu Mingche took Huainan; Liyang and Guabu fell in turn. Zhao Yanshen secretly asked Wenzong at the Secretariat how to resist. Wenzong said, "We treat Huainan like an arrow lost in weeds. He thought Huainan should go to Wang Lin. Lin at Tanling would never bow north to Chen Ming. Yanshen said, "A fine plan, brother. Ten days of talk already failed. Things are as they are—how can one say it all! They wept together. When Qi fell he entered the capital with Yang Xiuzhi and eighteen others as Fourth-rank General and Academy Grand Master. In Kaihuang he was Juzhou Inspector. Illness forced retirement; he died.
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文宗以貴族子弟升朝列，才識敏贍，以幹局見知。 然好遊貴要之門，時論以為善附會。
A noble's son, he rose fast; quick and capable, he was known for getting things done. Yet he courted the powerful; opinion said he knew how to flatter.
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子師，字踐言。 少知名，明辯有識悟，尤以吏事自許。 仕齊為尚書左外兵郎中，又攝祠部。 後屬孟夏，以龍見請雩。 時高阿那肱為錄尚書事，謂為真龍出見，大驚喜。 問龍所在，云：「作何顏色？」 師整容云：「此是龍星初見，依禮當雩祭郊壇，非謂真龍別有所降。」 阿那肱忿然作色曰：「漢兒多事，強知星宿！」 祭事不行。 師出，竊歎曰：「國家大事，在祀與戎，禮既廢也，其能久乎？ 齊亡無日矣！」 尋周武帝平齊，授司賦上士。
Son Shi, styled Jianyan. Known from youth, sharp and insightful, he especially trusted his skill in office work. In Qi he was Left Outer Military Gentleman and handled the temples bureau. In midsummer the Dragon Star appeared and rain sacrifice was requested. Gao Anagong, Recorder of the Masters of Writing, said a real dragon had appeared and rejoiced. He asked where it was and what color. Shi said calmly, "This is the Dragon Star's first sighting; rite calls for suburban rain sacrifice—not a dragon descending elsewhere." Anagong snapped, "Han meddlers, pretending to know the stars!" The rite was dropped. Leaving, he sighed, "Sacrifice and arms are the state's root; rites abandoned—how long can it last? Qi has no days left! Soon Zhou Wu pacified Qi and made him Superior Tax Master.
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隋文帝受禪，累遷尚書左丞，以明幹著稱。 時蜀王秀頗違法度，乃以師為益州總管司馬。 俄而秀被征，秀恐京師有變，將謝病。 師數勸之，不可違命。 秀乃作色曰：「此我家事，何預卿也？」 師垂涕苦諫，秀乃從征。 秀髮後，州官屬多相連坐，師以此獲免。 後加儀同三司。
When Wendi took the throne he rose to Left Assistant Minister, famed for clarity and drive. Prince of Shu Xiu broke the law; Shi was made Yizhou staff major. Soon Xiu was summoned; fearing the capital, he would plead illness. Shi urged him not to defy the order. Xiu snapped, "Family business—none of your affair! Shi wept and pleaded; Xiu went. After Xiu was punished many officials were implicated; Shi was spared. Later Third-rank General.
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師居職強明，有口辯，而無廉平之稱。 卒于刑部侍郎。
In office he was forceful and sharp-tongued but not called fair. He died as Vice Minister of Punishments.
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子恭弟纂，字靈秀，位太府少卿。 遇害河陰，贈定州刺史。 子雄。
Younger brother Zizuan, styled Lingxiu, was Vice Grand Steward. Killed at Heyin; posthumously Qinzhou Inspector. Son Xiong.
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雄字世略，少寬厚，美姿容。 初仕魏，歷位秘書郎。 在周以伐齊功，封朔方公，曆冀、平二州刺史，檢校徐州總管。 及尉遲迥作亂，時雄家累在相州，迥潛以書誘之。 雄卒不顧。 隋文帝遺書慰勉之。 迥遣其將畢義緒據蘭陵，席毗陷昌慮下邑，雄遣眾悉平之。 陳人見中原多故，遣其將陳紀、蕭摩訶、任蠻奴、周羅碶、樊毅等侵江北。 自江陵，東距壽陽，人多應之，攻陷城鎮。 雄與吳州總管于顗等擊走之。 悉復故地。 進位上大將軍，拜徐州總管，遷朔州總管。 平陳之役，從秦王俊出信州道。 陳平，以功進位上柱國，賜子崇爵端氏縣伯，褒為安化縣伯，復鎮朔方。 後歲，上表乞骸骨，征還京師，卒於家。
Xiong, styled Shilüe, was generous and handsome from youth. He first served Wei as Secretariat Gentleman. Under Zhou, for the Qi campaign he was Duke of Shuo, then Jizhou and Pingzhou Inspector and acting Xuzhou commander. When Yuwen Jiong rebelled, Xiong's family was at Xiangzhou and Jiong secretly wrote to win him. Xiong ignored it. Wendi sent a letter of comfort. Jiong's Bi Yixu held Lanling; Xi Pi took Changyu's lower town; Xiong's troops cleared both. Chen sent Chen Ji, Xiao Mohe, Ren Mannu, Zhou Luozi, and Fan Yi north while the plains were in turmoil. From Jiangling to Shouyang many joined them and took towns. Xiong with Yu Yi of Wu and others drove them off. All lost ground was recovered. He became Grand General, Xuzhou commander, then Shuo commander. Pacifying Chen, he followed Prince Qin Jun on the Xinzhou road. Chen pacified, he was Pillar of State; sons Chong and Bao were barons; he again held Shuo. Next year he asked to retire, was recalled, and died at home.
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子嵩嗣，大業中，為尚書虞部郎，討北海賊。 力戰死之，贈正議大夫。
Son Song inherited; in Daye he was Parks Director and fought Beihai rebels. He died in hard fighting; posthumously Proper Counselor.
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劉尼，代人也。 曾祖敦，有功于道武，為方面大人。 父婁，為冠軍將軍。 尼勇果善射，太武見而善之，拜羽林中郎，賜爵昌國子。 宗愛既殺南安王余於東廟，秘之，唯尼知狀。 尼勸愛立文成。 愛自以負罪于景穆，聞而驚曰：「君大癡人！ 皇孫若立，豈忘正平時事乎？」 尼曰：「若爾，立誰？」 愛曰：「待還宮，擢諸王子賢者而立之。」 尼懼其有變，密以狀告殿中尚書源賀。 時與尼俱典兵宿衛，仍共南部尚書陸麗謀，密奉皇孫。 於是，賀與尚書長孫渴侯嚴兵守衛，尼與麗迎文成于苑中。 麗抱文成於馬上，入於京城。 尼馳還東廟，大呼曰：「宗愛殺南安王，大逆不道。 皇孫已登大位。 有詔，宿衛之士，皆可還宮。」 眾咸唱萬歲。 賀及渴侯登執宗愛、賈周等，勒兵而入，奉文成于宮門外，入登永安殿。 以尼為內行長，封東安公。 尋遷尚書右僕射，為定州刺史。 在州清慎，然率多酒醉。 文成末，為司徒。 獻文即位，以尼有大功於先朝，特加尊重，賜別戶四十。 皇興四年，車駕北征，帝親誓眾，而尼昏醉，兵陳不整。 帝以其功重，特恕之，免官而已。 延興四年薨，子社生襲。
Liu Ni, of Dai. Great-grandfather Dun served Daowu and was a frontier great chief. Father Lou was Champion General. Brave and skilled at archery, Taiwu favored him, made him Feathered Forest gentleman, and enfeoffed Viscount of Chang. When Zong Ai killed Prince of Nan'an Yu at the eastern temple and hid it, only Ni knew. Ni urged Ai to enthrone Wencheng. Ai, guilty toward Jingmu, cried, "You great fool! Enthrone the grandson and he will remember Zhengping! Ni said, "Then whom do we enthrone?" Ai said, "Wait till we return and pick a worthy prince's son." Fearing a change, Ni secretly told Palace Attendant Yuan He. He and Ni then held night guard; with Lu Li they secretly backed the grandson. He and Changsun Kehou guarded with troops; Ni and Li brought Wencheng from the park. Li carried Wencheng on horseback into the capital. Ni galloped to the eastern temple and shouted, "Zong Ai killed Prince of Nan'an—treason! The grandson is already enthroned. Edict: night guard, return to the palace. All shouted long life. He and Kehou seized Zong Ai and Jia Zhou, led troops in, and enthroned Wencheng at Yong'an Hall. Ni was Inner Chief and Duke of Dong'an. Soon Vice Director and Qinzhou Inspector. In office he was pure but often drunk. Late in Wencheng he was Minister of Works. Xianwen gave him special honor and forty separate households for past merit. Huangxing 4 the emperor campaigned north and swore the troops; Ni was drunk and the ranks were disorderly. For his great merit the emperor only dismissed him. Yanxing 4 he died; son She Sheng inherited.
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論曰：陸俟以智識見稱，珝乃不替風範，雅杖名節，自立功名； 其傳芳銘典，豈徒然也？ 麗忠國奉主，郁為梁棟。 資忠履義，赴難如歸，世載克昌，名不虛得。 睿、琇以沈雅顯達，何末亦披猖？ 子彰令終之美，家聲孔振。 仰及彥師俱以孝為本，出處之譽，並可作範人倫。 爽學業有聞，亦人譽也。 源賀堂堂，非徒武節、觀其翼佐文成，廷抑禪讓，殆乎社稷之臣。 懷幹略兼舉，出內馳譽，繼跡賢孝，不墮先業。 子邕功立夏方，身亡冀野。 彪著名齊朝。 師、雄官成隋代，美矣。 劉尼忠國，豈徒驍猛之用？ 薛提正議忠謀，見害奸閹，痛乎！
Commentary: Lu Si was famed for wisdom; Yu kept the family style, upheld integrity, and made his own name; His fame in records—was it empty? Li served state and lord—a pillar of the realm. Loyal and righteous, he met hardship like home; the house flourished—fame was earned. Rui and Xiu rose by calm grace—why run wild at the end? Zizhang's good death shook the family name. Yang and Yanshi rooted in filial piety—coming forth or staying back, both could model the world. Shuang's scholarship was heard—men praised him too. Yuan He was imposing—not mere martial show; he raised Wencheng and checked abdication in court—a pillar of the state. Huai joined strategy and talent, won fame at court and border, and did not shame his fathers. Ziyong won the Xia frontier and died in Jizhou fields. Biao shone in Qi. Shi and Xiong finished their careers in Sui—fine indeed. Liu Ni served the state—was it only for fighting? Xue Ti's loyal counsel died at eunuch hands—how painful!