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卷三十八 列傳第二十六: 裴駿 裴延雋 裴佗 裴果 裴寬 裴俠 裴文舉 裴仁基

Volume 38 Biographies 26: Pei Jun, Pei Yanjun, Pei Tuo, Pei Guo, Peikuan, Pei Xia, Pei Wenju, Pei Renji

Chapter 38 of 北史 · History of the Northern Dynasties
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1
裴駿裴延雋裴佗裴果裴寬裴俠裴文舉裴仁基
Pei Jun, Pei Yanjun, Pei Tuo, Pei Guo, Pei Kuan, Pei Xia, Pei Wenju, and Pei Renji
2
列傳第二十六
Biographies 26
3
裴駿從孫敬憲莊伯從弟安祖裴延俊裴佗子讓之孫矩皇甫和裴果裴寬裴俠子祥肅裴文舉裴仁基
Pei Jun's collateral grandsons Jingxian and Zhuangbo, his collateral younger cousin Anzu, Pei Yanjun, Pei Tuo's son Rangzhi, his grandson Ju, Huangfu He, Pei Guo, Pei Kuan, Pei Xia's sons Xiang and Su, Pei Wenju, and Pei Renji
4
裴駿，字神駒，小名皮，河東聞喜人也。 父雙碩，位恆農太守、安邑子，贈東雍州刺史、聞喜侯。 駿幼而聰慧。 親表稱為神駒，因以為字。 弱冠，通涉經史，方檢有禮度，鄉里宗敬焉。 蓋吳作亂於關中，汾陰人薛永宗聚眾應之，來襲聞喜。 縣令憂惶，計無所出。 駿在家聞之，便率曆鄉豪奔赴之。 賊退，刺史以狀聞。 會太武親討蓋吳，引見駿。 駿陳敘事宜，帝大悅，謂崔浩曰：「裴駿有當世才，其忠義可嘉。」 補中書博士。 浩亦深器駿，目為三河領袖。 轉中書侍郎。 宋使明僧皓來聘，以駿有才學，假給事中、散騎常侍，于境上勞接。 卒，贈秦州刺史、聞喜侯，諡曰康。
Pei Jun, styled Shenju, whose childhood name was Pi, was from Wenxi in Hedong. His father Shuangshuo served as Administrator of Hengnong and Baron of Anyi and was posthumously appointed Inspector of East Yongzhou and Marquis of Wenxi. Jun was exceptionally clever from childhood. Relatives called him the Divine Colt, and he adopted that as his style name. By the time he came of age he had mastered the classics and histories, conducted himself with propriety and restraint, and was revered throughout his district. When Gai Wu rebelled in Guanzhong, Xue Yongzong of Fenyin raised troops in support and marched against Wenxi. The county magistrate was in a panic and could think of nothing to do. Jun, still at home, heard the news and immediately led the local notables of Li to the county's aid. After the rebels withdrew, the provincial inspector reported what had happened. Just then Emperor Taiwu was personally campaigning against Gai Wu and summoned Jun to an audience. Jun laid out the situation; the emperor was greatly pleased and said to Cui Hao, "Pei Jun has the talent the age requires, and his loyalty and righteousness are admirable." He was appointed Academician of the Secretariat. Hao also held Jun in high regard and looked on him as the leading figure of the Three Rivers region. He was promoted to Vice-Director of the Secretariat. When the Song envoy Ming Senghao came on an embassy, Jun's learning and ability earned him provisional appointment as Attendant and Regular Attendant of the Rapid Steeds to receive the envoy at the border. When he died he was posthumously appointed Inspector of Qinzhou and Marquis of Wenxi, with the posthumous title Kang.
5
子修，字元寄。 清辯好學，歷位秘書中散、主客令。 累遷中大夫，兼祠部曹事，職主禮樂，每有疑議，修斟酌故實，咸有條貫。 卒，諡曰恭伯，宣武時追贈東秦州刺史。 修早孤，居喪以孝聞。 二弟三妹，並在幼弱，撫養訓誨，甚有義方。 次弟務早喪，修哀傷之，感于行路。 愛育孤侄，同于己子，及將異居，奴婢田宅悉推與之，時人以此稱焉。
His son Xiu, styled Yuanji. Clear-spoken, fond of learning, he served as Palace Library Attendant and Director of Guests. He rose through successive posts to Grand Master of the Palace and concurrently handled the Sacrificial Rites Bureau. Charged with ritual and music, whenever a question arose he weighed ancient precedents, and his rulings were always systematic. When he died he received the posthumous title Gongbo, and under Emperor Xuanwu was posthumously appointed Inspector of East Qinzhou. Xiu lost his father early and became known for the filial devotion he showed in mourning. With two younger brothers and three younger sisters all still small, he reared and instructed them with exemplary moral discipline. His next younger brother Wu died young, and Xiu's grief for him moved everyone who passed by on the road. He raised an orphaned nephew as he would his own son, and when they were about to set up separate households he gave the nephew all the slaves, fields, and houses. People of the day praised him for it.
6
子詢，字敬叔。 美儀貌，多藝能，音律博弈，咸所閑解。 位平昌太守。 時太原長公主寡居，與詢私奸，明帝仍詔詢尚焉。 尋以主婿，特除散騎常侍。 時本邑中正闕，司徒召詢為之。 詢族叔昞，自陳情願此官，詢遂讓焉。 時論善之。 尋監起居事，遷秘書監，出為郢州刺史。 詢以凡司戍主蠻酋田樸特，地居要險，眾逾數萬，足為邊捍，遂表朴特為西郢州刺史。 朝議許之。 梁將李國興寇邊，樸特與部曲為表裏聲援，郢州獲全，樸特頗有力焉。 徵為七兵尚書。 武泰中，以本官兼侍中為關中大使。 未及發，于河陰遇害。 贈司空公，諡曰貞烈。 無子。
His son Xun, styled Jingshu. Handsome in bearing and skilled in many arts, he was equally at home with music, weiqi, and the like. He served as Administrator of Pingchang. The Princess of Taiyuan was then living in widowhood; she and Xun had been carrying on an affair in secret, yet Emperor Ming nevertheless ordered Xun to marry her. Soon afterward, as the princess's husband, he was specially appointed Regular Attendant of the Rapid Steeds. The Rectifier of his native district had fallen vacant, and the Minister of Education summoned Xun to fill the post. Xun's clansman-uncle Bing asked for the post himself, and Xun yielded it to him. Public opinion praised him for it. He soon supervised the Daily Records, was promoted to Director of the Palace Library, and then sent out as Inspector of Yingzhou. Xun noted that Tian Putie, the Man chieftain who served as garrison chief of Fansi, held strategically vital ground with more than ten thousand followers and could serve as a border bulwark, and memorialized to appoint Putie Inspector of West Yingzhou. The court approved the proposal. When the Liang general Li Guoxing raided the frontier, Putie and his followers supported Yingzhou from within and without, the province was preserved, and Putie contributed substantially to the defense. He was recalled to serve as Minister of the Seven Armies. In the Wutai era he was concurrently appointed Attendant-in-Ordinary and Grand Ambassador to Guanzhong while retaining his present office. Before he could depart, he was killed at Heyin. He was posthumously appointed Duke of Works with the posthumous title Zhenlie. He left no son.
7
修弟宣，字叔令。 通辯博物，早有聲譽。 少孤，事母兄以孝友稱。 司空李沖有人倫鑒，見而重之。 孝文初，徵為尚書主客郎，累遷太尉長史。 宣上言：自遷都以來，凡戰陣之處及軍罷兵還之道，所有骸骼無人覆藏者，請悉令州郡戍邏檢行埋掩。 並符出兵之鄉，其家有死於戎役者，皆使招魂復魄，祔祭先靈，復其年租調。 身被傷痍者，免其兵役。 朝廷從之。 出為益州刺史。 宣至州綏撫，甚得戎羌之心。 後晉壽更置益州，改宣所蒞為南秦州。
Xiu's younger brother Xuan, styled Shuling. Fluent in debate and widely learned, he had won an early reputation. Orphaned young, he was known for the filial devotion and brotherly affection he showed his mother and elder brother. Minister of Works Li Chong was a keen judge of character and, on meeting Xuan, held him in high regard. Early in Emperor Xiaowen's reign he was summoned as Director of Guests in the Secretariat and rose through successive posts to Chief Clerk of the Grand Marshal. Xuan submitted a memorial: "Since the move of the capital, wherever battles have been fought and wherever armies have marched home, all unburied remains along those routes should be ordered buried through patrols by the border garrisons of every province and commandery." "In every district that had sent men to war, wherever a family had lost someone on campaign, they should be required to perform rites to recall the soul and restore the spirit, offer collateral sacrifice to the ancestral spirits, and have their annual tax and corvée obligations restored." "Those who had been wounded in body were to be exempted from military service." The court adopted his proposals. He was sent out as Inspector of Yizhou. Once in office Xuan governed with conciliation and won the deep loyalty of the Rong and Qiang peoples. Later, when Jingshou was re-established as Yizhou, the territory Xuan had governed was redesignated South Qinzhou.
8
宣家世以儒學為業，常慕廉退，每歎曰：「以賈誼之才，漢文之世，而不曆公卿，將非運也？」 乃謂親賓曰：「吾本無當世之志，直隨牒至此，祿厚養親，效不光國，可以言歸矣。」 因奉表求解。 宣武不許，乃作《懷田賦》以敘心焉。 宣素明陰陽之書，自始患便克亡日，果如其言。 贈豫州刺史，諡曰定，尋改為穆。 子敬憲嗣。
The Xuan family had pursued Confucian learning for generations, and he often admired the ideal of integrity and withdrawal. He would sigh and say, "With Jia Yi's talent, in the age of Emperor Wen of Han, yet never rising to ministerial rank—was that not simply fate?" He then told relatives and guests, "I never had ambitions for public life; I simply followed one appointment after another to reach this point. My salary is ample enough to support my parents, yet I have done nothing to bring glory to the state. It is time to speak of going home." He accordingly submitted a memorial requesting release from office. Emperor Xuanwu refused, so he wrote "Rhapsody on Longing for the Fields" to express what he felt. Xuan had long been versed in the yin-yang texts, and from the onset of his illness he fixed the day of his death, which came to pass exactly as he had predicted. He was posthumously appointed Inspector of Yuzhou with the posthumous title Ding, soon changed to Mu. His son Jingxian succeeded him.
9
敬憲字孝虞，少有志行，學博才清，撫訓諸弟，專以讀誦為業。 淡于榮利，風氣俊遠。 郡征功曹不就，諸府辟命，先進其弟，世人歡美之。 司州牧、高陽王雍舉秀才，射策高第，除太學博士。 性和雅，未嘗失色於人。 工隸草，解音律，五言之作，獨擅于時，名聲甚重，後進咸共宗慕之。 中山將之部，朝賢送于河梁，賦詩言別，皆以敬憲為最。 其文不能贍逸，而有清麗之美。 少有氣病，年三十三卒，人物甚悼之。 敬憲世有仁義於鄉里，孝昌中，蜀賊陳雙熾所過殘暴，至敬憲宅，輒相約束，不得焚燒，為物所伏如此。 永興三年，贈中書侍郎，諡曰文。
Jingxian, styled Xiaoyu, showed moral purpose from youth. Broad in learning and clear in talent, he reared and instructed his younger brothers and devoted himself entirely to reading and recitation. Indifferent to fame and gain, he carried himself with a lofty, distant air. When the commandery summoned him as Merit Officer he declined; whenever offices issued appointments he put his younger brothers forward first, and people praised him warmly. Prince Yong of Gaoyang, Governor of Sizhou, recommended him as Presented Scholar; he placed at the top of the archery examination and was appointed Academician of the Imperial University. His nature was gentle and refined, and he never once lost his composure in dealing with others. Skilled in clerical and cursive script and versed in music, he stood alone in his age for five-character verse. His reputation was immense, and younger writers all looked to him as their model. When the general of Zhongshan departed for his post, court worthies saw him off at the River Bridge and composed farewell poems, all agreeing that Jingxian's were the finest. His writing lacked breadth and ease, yet possessed a clear, refined beauty. He had suffered from a qi disorder since youth and died at thirty-three, to the deep grief of all who knew him. The Jingxian family had been known for benevolence and righteousness in their district for generations. In the Xiaochang era the Shu bandit Chen Shuangchi ravaged everything in his path, yet at Jingxian's house his men bound one another not to set fires—such was the respect his moral standing commanded. In the third year of Yongxing he was posthumously appointed Vice-Director of the Secretariat with the posthumous title Wen.
10
敬憲弟莊伯，字孝夏。 亦有文才，器度閒雅，喜慍不形於色； 博識多聞，善以約言辯物。 司空、任城王澄辟為行參軍，甚加知賞。 年二十一，上《神龜頌》，時人異之。 文筆與敬憲相亞。 臨淮王彧北討，引為記室參軍，委以章奏之事。 及聞敬憲寢疾，求假不許，遂逕自還，亦矜而不問。 扶侍兄病，晝夜不離于側，形容憔悴。 因葬敬憲於鄉，遇病卒，年二十八。 兄弟才學知名，同年俱喪，世共嗟惜之。 永安三年，贈通直散騎侍郎，諡曰獻。 兄弟並無子，所著詞藻，莫為集錄。
Jingxian's younger brother Zhuangbo, styled Xiaoxia. He too had literary talent, carried himself with easy refinement, and never let joy or anger show on his face; he was widely learned and skilled at judging things in a few well-chosen words. Prince Cheng of Rencheng, Minister of Works, recruited him as Traveling Aide and held him in high regard. At twenty-one he submitted his "Ode to the Divine Tortoise," which astonished his contemporaries. His literary gifts ranked just below Jingxian's. When Prince Yu of Linhuai marched north on campaign, he took Zhuangbo as Recorder Aide and entrusted him with all memorials and reports. When he learned that Jingxian was gravely ill he asked for leave but was refused, so he returned home on his own. The prince treated him with sympathy and did not punish him. He nursed his brother day and night without leaving his side until he was worn to emaciation. After burying Jingxian in their home district he fell ill and died at twenty-eight. Both brothers had been famed for talent and learning, and their deaths in the same year moved the world to shared lament. In the third year of Yong'an he was posthumously appointed Vice-Director of the Rapid Steeds for Direct Communication with the posthumous title Xian. Neither brother left a son, and the writings they produced were never collected.
11
莊伯弟獻伯，廷尉卿、濟州刺史，少以學尚風流，有名京洛。 為政嚴酷，不得吏人之和，但以清白流譽。 卒于殿中尚書。
Zhuangbo's younger brother Xianbo served as Director of the Court of Justice and Inspector of Jizhou. From youth he cultivated learning and elegance and was well known in the capital region. His governance was severe and harsh and won him no goodwill among officials or commoners, yet he was known throughout for his integrity and probity. He died while serving as Director of the Palace Secretariat.
12
駿從弟安祖，少聰慧，年八九歲，就師講《詩》，至《鹿鳴篇》，語諸兄云：「鹿得食相呼，而況人乎。」 自此未曾獨食。 弱冠，州辟主簿。 人有兄弟爭財，詣州相訟。 安祖召其兄弟，以禮義責讓之。 此人兄弟，明日相率謝罪。 州內欽服之。 後有人勸其仕進，安祖曰：「高尚之事，非敢庶幾，但京師遼遠，實憚於棲屑耳。」 於是閒居養志，不出城邑。 曾天熱，舍於樹下。 有鷙鳥逐雉，雉急投之，遂觸樹而死。 安祖湣之，乃取置陰地，徐徐護視，良久得蘇，喜而放之。 後夜忽夢一丈夫，衣冠甚偉，著繡衣曲領，向安祖再拜。 安祖怪問之，此人云：「感君前日見放，故來謝德。」 聞者異焉。
Jun's collateral younger cousin Anzu was clever from childhood. At eight or nine he went to a teacher to study the Odes, and when they reached the "Deer Cry" he told his elder brothers, "When deer find food they call to one another—how much more should human beings do so?" From that day on he never ate alone. When he came of age the province recruited him as Chief Clerk. When brothers came to the province to sue one another over disputed property, Anzu summoned them and rebuked them in the name of ritual propriety and righteousness. The next day the brothers came together to apologize. Everyone in the province admired him for it. Later someone urged him to take office. Anzu said, "I do not presume to aspire to lofty public service, but the capital is far away and I truly dread the petty scramble of official life." He therefore lived in retirement, cultivating his aims, and never left his home district. Once, on a hot day, he rested under a tree. A fierce bird was chasing a pheasant; in desperation the pheasant flew straight toward him and struck a tree, dying on the spot. Anzu took pity on the bird, set it in a shady spot, and patiently nursed it until, after some time, it revived; overjoyed, he set it free. That night he dreamed of a stately man in embroidered robes with curved collars, who bowed deeply to him. Anzu asked in astonishment what this meant. The man replied, "I am grateful that you spared me the other day, and have come to thank you for your virtue." All who heard the story were amazed.
13
後孝文幸長安，至河東，存訪故老，安祖朝于蒲阪。 帝與語甚悅，仍拜安邑令，以老病固辭，詔給一時俸以供湯藥焉。 年八十三，卒於家。
Later, when Emperor Xiaowen traveled to Chang'an and reached Hedong to visit the region's old worthies, Anzu came to pay his respects at Puban. The emperor was greatly pleased with their conversation and appointed him Magistrate of Anyi, but Anzu firmly declined on account of age and illness. The throne then granted him a stipend to cover his medicines. He died at home at the age of eighty-three.
14
裴延俊，字平子，河東聞喜人也，魏冀州刺史徽之八世孫也。 曾祖奣，諮議參軍、并州別駕。 祖雙彪，河東太守，贈雍州刺史，諡曰順。 父山松，州主簿，行平陽郡事，以平蜀賊丁蟲功，贈東雍州刺史。 延俊少孤，事後母以孝聞。 涉獵墳史，頗有才筆。 舉秀才，射策高第，除著作佐郎，累遷太子洗馬，又領本邑中正。 及太子恂廢，以宮官例免。 宣武即位，為中書侍郎。 時帝專心釋典，不事墳籍，延俊上疏致諫。 後除司州別駕。 及詔立明堂，群官博議，延俊獨著一堂之論。 太傅、清河王懌時典眾議，讀而笑曰：「子故欲遠符僕射也。」 明帝時，累遷幽州刺史。 范陽郡有舊督亢渠，徑五十里； 漁陽、燕郡有故戾陵諸堨，廣袤三十里，皆廢毀多時，莫能修復。 時水旱不調，延俊乃表求營造。 遂躬自履行，相度形勢，隨力分督，未幾而就，溉田百萬餘畝，為利十倍，百姓賴之。 又命主簿酈惲修起學校，禮教大行，人歌謠之。 在州五年，考績為天下最。 拜太常卿，曆七兵殿中二尚書、散騎常侍、中書令、御史中尉，又以本官兼侍中、吏部尚書。 延俊在台閣，守職而已，不能有所裁斷直繩也。 莊帝初，于河陰遇害。 贈儀同三司、都督、雍州刺史。 子元直、敬猷，並有學尚，與父同時遇害。 元直贈光州刺史。 敬猷妻丞相、高陽王雍外孫，超贈尚書僕射。 延俊從叔愛醜、桃弓並見稱於鄉里。
Pei Yanjun, styled Pingzi, was from Wenxi in Hedong and an eighth-generation descendant of Pei Hui, who had served as Inspector of Jizhou under Wei. His great-grandfather Weng had served as Advisory Staff Officer and Vice Director of Bingzhou. His grandfather Shuangbiao had been Administrator of Hedong and was posthumously appointed Inspector of Yongzhou with the posthumous title Shun. His father Shansong had served as the province's Chief Clerk and acting Administrator of Pingyang commandery; for suppressing the Shu bandit Ding Chong he was posthumously appointed Inspector of Eastern Yongzhou. Yanjun lost his father in childhood and won renown for the filial devotion with which he served his stepmother. He read widely in the classics and histories and showed real talent as a writer. Recommended as Outstanding Scholar, he placed at the top of the palace examination and was appointed Assistant Gentleman of the Composition Office. He rose to Groom of the Crown Prince's Household and also served as Rectifier of his native district. When Crown Prince Xun was deposed, Yanjun was dismissed under the rule that applied to palace officials. When Emperor Xuanwu came to the throne, Yanjun was appointed Attendant of the Secretariat. The emperor was then wholly absorbed in Buddhist sutras and neglected the classical canon, so Yanjun submitted a memorial urging him to change course. He was later appointed Vice Director of Sizhou. When an edict called for building the Bright Hall and officials debated the design at length, Yanjun alone argued for a single-hall plan. Grand Tutor, Prince of Qinghe Yuan Yi, who was overseeing the deliberations, read Yanjun's essay and laughed. "You mean to agree with the Vice Director from a distance, don't you?" Under Emperor Ming he rose to Inspector of Youzhou. In Fanyang commandery there was an old Dukang Canal fifty li across; Yuyang and Yan commanderies had the old Liling weirs, thirty li across, all long abandoned and beyond repair. With floods and droughts alternating in distress, Yanjun memorialized the throne requesting that the works be rebuilt. He walked the ground himself, surveyed the terrain, and assigned work according to local capacity. The projects were finished in short order, irrigating more than a million mu and yielding tenfold returns on the investment; the people came to depend on them. He also ordered Chief Clerk Li Yun to restore the schools. Confucian teaching spread widely, and the people sang his praises. After five years in office his performance review ranked first in the empire. He was appointed Director of Ceremonies and went on to serve as Director of the Seven Armies, Director of the Palace Secretariat, Regular Attendant of the Rapid Steeds, Director of the Secretariat, and Censor-in-Chief, while also holding his original post concurrently with Attendant-in-Chief and Minister of the Civil Service. At court Yanjun merely fulfilled his duties and was unable to render decisive judgments or enforce the law with rigor. Early in Emperor Zhuang's reign he was killed at Heyin. He was posthumously granted rank equal to the Three Excellencies and appointed Commander-in-Chief and Inspector of Yongzhou. His sons Yuanzhi and Jingyou were both men of learning and were killed together with their father. Yuanzhi was posthumously appointed Inspector of Guangzhou. Jingyou's wife was a granddaughter of Chancellor, Prince of Gaoyang Yong, and he was posthumously promoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat. Yanjun's clansman-uncles Aichou and Taogong were both well regarded in their home district.
15
子夙，字買興。 沈雅有器識，儀望甚偉，孝文見而異之。 吏部尚書、任城王澄有知人鑒，每歎美夙，以遠大許之。 位河北太守，以忠恕接下，百姓感而懷之。 卒於郡。 三子，範、升之、鑒。
His son Su, styled Maixing. Su was composed and refined, with real breadth of mind, and cut an imposing figure. Emperor Xiaowen noticed him and marked him as exceptional. Prince of Rencheng Cheng, Minister of the Civil Service, was known for judging talent well; he often praised Su and predicted a great future for him. He served as Administrator of Hebei, treating subordinates with loyalty and forbearance until the people were moved to love him. He died while serving in the commandery. He had three sons: Fan, Sheng Zhi, and Jian.
16
鑒字道徽，性強正，有學涉，卒于廷尉卿。 鑒居官清苦，時論稱之。 贈東雍州刺史。
Jian, styled Daohui, was forceful and upright by nature, well read and accomplished, and died while serving as Director of the Court of Justice. Jian lived an austere and incorrupt life in office, and public opinion praised him for it. He was posthumously appointed Inspector of Eastern Yongzhou.
17
澤本勁直，無所回避，及被出追還，折節和光。 然好戲笑，無規檢，故頻敗。 妻钜鹿魏氏，恩好甚隆，不能暫相離，澤每從駕，其妻不宿。 亦至性強立，時人以為健婦夫半。
Ze had originally been forceful and blunt, never shying from a fight; but after exile and recall he tempered his manner and learned to conciliate. Yet he loved banter and lacked self-restraint, and so met with misfortune again and again. His wife was a Wei of Julu, and their love ran so deep they could not bear even a brief separation. Whenever Ze accompanied the emperor on tour, his wife refused to spend the night apart from him. She too was strong-willed and resolute, and people of the day said she was half the man her husband was.
18
延俊從祖弟良，字元賓，稍遷尚書考功郎中。 時汾州吐京胡薛羽等作逆，以良兼尚書左丞，為西北道行台。 時有五城郡山胡馮宜都、賀悅回成等，以妖妄惑眾，假稱帝號，服素衣，持白傘白幡，率諸逆眾，於雲台郊抗王師。 良大破之。 又山胡劉蠡升，自雲聖術，胡人信人，咸相影附，旬日之間，逆徒還振。 以良為汾州刺史，加輔國將軍，行台如故。 良以城人饑窘，夜率眾奔西河。 汾州之居西河，自良始也。 孝靜初，為衛大將軍、太府卿，卒於官。 贈吏部尚書，諡曰貞，又重贈侍中、尚書僕射。
Yanjun's collateral cousin Liang, styled Yuanbin, rose gradually to Gentleman of the Merit Evaluation Bureau in the Ministry. When the Tujing Hu of Fenzhou, Xue Yu and others rebelled, Liang was appointed concurrently Left Assistant Director of the Ministry and Commissioner of the Northwest Route. The mountain Hu of Wucheng commandery, Feng Yidu, He Yue, Huicheng, and others deluded the people with sorcery, proclaimed themselves emperors, dressed in white, and carrying white umbrellas and banners led their rebels against the imperial army at the outskirts of Yuntai. Liang routed them completely. Then the mountain Hu Liu Lisheng, claiming sacred powers, won the faith of the Hu people, who flocked to him in droves; within ten days the rebels had rallied again. Liang was appointed Inspector of Fenzhou and promoted to General Who Assists the State, while retaining his commission. With the city beset by famine, Liang led his forces by night to Xihe. It was Liang who first moved the seat of Fenzhou to Xihe. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he was appointed Grand General of the Guard and Director of the Imperial Treasury, and died in office. He was posthumously appointed Minister of the Civil Service and given the posthumous title Zhen, and later posthumously promoted to Attendant-in-Chief and Vice Director of the Secretariat.
19
子叔祉，粗涉文學，居官甚著聲績，位終司空右長史。
His son Shuzhi had some literary training and won a strong reputation in office, ending his career as Right Chief Clerk of the Ministry of Works.
20
良從父兄子慶孫，字紹遠。 少孤，性倜儻，重然諾。 正光末，汾州吐京群胡薛悉公、馬牒騰並自立為王，眾至數萬。 詔慶孫為募人別將，招率鄉豪以討之。 慶孫每摧其鋒，進軍深入，至雲台郊； 大戰郊西，賊眾大潰。 征赴都，除直後。 於是賊復鳩集，北連蠡升，南通絳蜀，凶徒轉盛。 以慶孫為別將，從軹關入討，深入二百餘里，至陽胡城。 朝廷以此地被山帶河，衿要之所，明帝末，遂立邵郡，因以慶孫為太守。 慶孫務安緝之，咸來歸業。 爾硃榮之死也，世隆擁眾北度，詔慶孫為大都督，與行台源子恭率眾追擊。 慶孫與世隆密通，事泄，追還河內斬之。
Liang's clansman-brother's son Qingsun, styled Shaoyuan. Orphaned young, he was free-spirited by nature and prized his word above all. At the end of the Zhengguang era the Tujing Hu of Fenzhou, Xue Xigong, Ma Diedeng, and others each declared themselves kings, gathering forces in the tens of thousands. The throne appointed Qingsun Separate Commander for Recruiting Men and ordered him to rally local leaders against them. Qingsun repeatedly broke their vanguard and pushed deep into enemy territory as far as the outskirts of Yuntai; in a great battle west of the city he put the rebels to rout. Summoned to the capital, he was appointed Direct Guard. The rebels then regrouped, linking with Lisheng in the north and the Jiang-Shu insurgents in the south, and the outlaw bands grew stronger still. Qingsun was appointed Separate Commander, entered through Zhiguan Pass to attack, and pushed more than two hundred li inland to Yanghu. Because the region was hemmed in by mountains and rivers and held a strategic choke point, the court established Shao commandery late in Emperor Ming's reign and appointed Qingsun its Administrator. Qingsun worked to pacify and settle the region, and the people all returned to their livelihoods. After Erzhu Rong's death, Shilong led his forces north across the Yellow River. Qingsun was appointed Grand Commander-in-Chief and, with Commissioner Yuan Zigong, pursued them. Qingsun had been in secret contact with Shilong; when this came to light he was recalled and executed at Henei.
21
慶孫任俠有氣，鄉曲壯士及好事者多相依附，撫養咸有恩紀。 在郡日，逢歲饑凶，四方遊客恆有百餘，慶孫自以家糧贍之。 性雖粗武，愛好文流，與諸才學之士咸相交結。 輕財重義，坐客恆滿，是以為時所稱。
Qingsun was a man of chivalry and spirit; local braves and men who loved adventure gathered around him, and he treated them all with generous care. While serving in the commandery, during years of famine more than a hundred itinerants were constantly under his roof, and Qingsun fed them from his own stores. Though rough and martial by temperament, he loved the company of scholars and befriended every man of talent he met. He valued honor over money, his hall was always full of guests, and for this he was widely praised.
22
延俊從祖弟仲規，少好經史，頗有志節。 咸陽王禧為司州牧，辟為主簿，仍表行建興郡事。 車駕自代還洛，次於郡境。 仲規備供帳，朝于路側。 詔仲規曰：「畿郡望重，卿何能自致此也？」 仲規曰：「陛下棄彼玄壤，來宅紫縣，臣方躍馬吳、會，冀功銘帝籍，豈一郡而已。」 孝文笑曰：「冀卿必副此言。」 駕還，見咸陽王曰：「昨得汝主簿為南道主人，六軍豐贍。 元弟之寄，殊副所望。」 除司徒主簿。 仲規父在鄉疾病，棄官奔赴，以違制免。 久之，中山王英征義陽，引為統軍，奏復本資。 于陣戰沒。 贈河東太守，諡曰貞。 無子，弟叔義以第二子伯茂後之。
Yanjun's collateral cousin Zhonggui loved the classics and histories from youth and showed real strength of character. When Prince of Xianyang Xi became Governor of Sizhou he recruited Zhonggui as Chief Clerk and recommended him to act as Administrator of Jianxing commandery. When the imperial procession returned from Dai to Luoyang, it halted within the commandery's borders. Zhonggui prepared provisions and lodging and presented himself beside the road. The emperor addressed Zhonggui: "This capital circuit commandery carries great weight—how did you manage all this yourself?" Zhonggui replied, "Your Majesty left the northern capital to establish the Purple Capital; I was ready to ride through Wu and Kuaiji and hoped to win merit recorded in the imperial annals—not for the sake of one commandery alone." Emperor Xiaowen laughed and said, "I expect you will live up to those words." On his return the emperor told the Prince of Xianyang, "Yesterday your Chief Clerk served as host on the southern route, and the Six Armies wanted for nothing. The charge I placed in you, younger brother Yuan, has been fully answered." Zhonggui was appointed Chief Clerk of the Minister of Education. When Zhonggui's father fell ill at home he left his post to go to him and was dismissed for violating regulations. Some time later Prince of Zhongshan Ying campaigned against Yiyang, took him on as Army Controller, and memorialized for restoration of his original rank and pay. He was killed in battle. He was posthumously appointed Administrator of Hedong and given the posthumous title Zhen. He left no son; his younger brother Shuyi had his second son Bomao succeed him.
23
伯茂少有風望，學涉群書，文藻富贍，釋褐奉朝請。 大將軍、京兆王繼西討，引為鎧曹參軍。 南征絳蜀陳雙熾，為行台長孫承業行台郎中。 承業還京師，留伯茂仍知行台事。 以平薛鳳賢等，賞平陽伯。 再遷散騎常侍，典起居注。 太昌初，為中書侍郎。 永熙中，孝武帝兄子廣平王贊盛選賓寮，以伯茂為文學。 後加中軍大將軍。
Bomao won early renown, read widely, and wrote with rich fluency; upon entering office he was appointed Court Gentleman for Attendance. When Great General, Prince of Jingzhao Ji launched the western campaign, he took Bomao on as Army Staff Officer of the Armor Bureau. On the southern campaign against the Jiang-Shu rebel Chen Shuangchi he served as Gentleman of the Commission under Commissioner Zhangsun Chengye. When Chengye returned to the capital, Bomao remained behind to continue handling commission affairs. For suppressing Xue Fengxian and others he was enfeoffed as Baron of Pingyang. He was next promoted to Regular Attendant of the Rapid Steeds and put in charge of the Records of the Emperor's Movements. Early in the Taichang era he was appointed Attendant of the Secretariat. During the Yongxi era, Prince of Guangping Zan, a nephew of Emperor Xiaowu, carefully chose his staff and appointed Bomao Literary Instructor. He was later additionally appointed Great General of the Central Army.
24
伯茂好飲酒，頗涉疏傲。 久不徙官，曾為《豁情賦》。 天平初遷鄴，又為《遷都賦》。 二年，因內宴，伯茂侮慢殿中尚書、章武王景哲。 景哲遂申啟，稱伯茂棄其本列，與監同行，以梨擊案，傍汙冠服，禁庭之內，令人挈衣。 詔付所司，後竟無坐。
Bomao was fond of wine and inclined toward heedlessness and arrogance. Untransferred for a long time, he once wrote "Rhapsody on Opening the Feelings." Early in the Tianping era, when the court moved to Ye, he also wrote "Rhapsody on Moving the Capital." In the second year, at an inner palace banquet, Bomao insulted Palace Attendant Secretary, Prince of Zhangwu Jingzhe. Jingzhe submitted a report charging that Bomao had left his proper place, walked abreast with a superintendent, struck the table with a pear and splattered those nearby, and within the palace grounds had attendants hold up his clothes for him. The emperor ordered the case handed to the appropriate authorities, but in the end Bomao was never convicted.
25
伯茂既出後其伯仲規，與兄景融別居。 景融貧窘，伯茂了無賑恤，殆同行路，世以此貶薄之。 卒，年三十九，知舊嘆惜焉。
After Bomao ceased to be heir to his elder brother Zhonggui, he lived apart from his elder brother Jingrong. Jingrong lived in poverty, yet Bomao gave him no help at all—as if they were strangers—and the world despised him for it. He died at thirty-nine, to the sorrow of all who knew him.
26
伯茂末年，劇飲不已，乃至傷性，多有愆失。 未亡前數日，忽雲吾得密信，將被收掩，乃與婦乘車西逃避。 後因顧指壁中，言有官人追逐，其妻方知其病。 卒後，殯於家園。 友人常景、李渾、王元景、盧元明、魏季景、李騫等十許人於墓傍置酒設祭，哀哭涕泣，一飲一酹，曰：「裴中書魂而有靈，知吾曹也。」 乃各賦詩一篇。 李騫以魏收亦與之友，寄以示收。 收時在晉陽，乃同其作，論敘伯茂，其十字云：「臨風想玄度，對酒思公榮。」 時人以伯茂性侮傲，謂收詩頗得事實。 贈散騎常侍、衛將軍、度支尚書，雍州刺史，重贈吏部尚書，諡曰文。 伯茂曾撰晉書，竟未能成。 無子，兄景融以第二子孝才繼。 齊武平末，位中書舍人。
In his final years Bomao drank without restraint, to the point of damaging his health, and committed many lapses. A few days before his death he suddenly declared he had received a secret message that he was about to be seized, and fled west with his wife in a carriage. Later he turned and pointed at the wall, saying officials were chasing him; only then did his wife realize he was deranged. After his death he was laid out for burial at the family estate. Some ten friends—Chang Jing, Li Hun, Wang Yuanjing, Lu Yuanming, Wei Jijing, Li Qian, and others—set up wine and offerings beside his tomb, weeping in grief; with each drink and each libation they said, "Director of the Secretariat Pei, if your spirit lives on, you know who we are." Each then wrote a poem. Li Qian sent the poems to Wei Shou, who had also been Bomao's friend. Shou was then at Jinyang and contributed his own piece on Bomao; its ten-character line read, "Facing the wind I think of Xu Xuan; over wine I think of Liu Gongrong." Because Bomao's nature was haughty and overbearing, contemporaries said Shou's lines captured him well. He was posthumously appointed Regular Attendant of the Rapid Steeds, Guard General, and Minister of Revenue with concurrent duty as Inspector of Yongzhou; later posthumously promoted to Minister of the Personnel with the posthumous title Wen. Bomao once undertook a History of Jin but never completed it. He left no son; his elder brother Jingrong had his second son Xiaocai succeed him. In the late Wuping era of Northern Qi he served as Secretariat Drafting Officer.
27
叔義亦有學行，累遷太山太守，為政清靜，吏人安之。 遷司徒從事中郎。 卒，贈東秦州刺史，諡曰宣。
Shuyi was likewise learned and principled; promoted to Administrator of Taishan, he governed quietly and effectively, and officials and commoners alike lived at ease under him. He was promoted to Attendant Officer of the Minister of Education. After his death he was posthumously appointed Inspector of Eastern Qinzhou and given the posthumous title Xuan.
28
子景融，字孔明，篤學好屬文。 舉秀才，射策高第，除太學博士，稍遷諫議大夫，領著作。 元象中，儀同高嶽以為錄事參軍。 弟景龍、景顏被劾廷尉獄，景融入選。 吏部擬郡，為御史中尉崔暹所彈，雲其貪榮昧進，遂坐免官。 病卒。 景融卑退廉謹，無競于時，雖才不稱學，而緝綴無倦，文詞氾濫，理會處寡。 所作文章，別有集錄。
His son Jingrong, styled Kongming, was deeply learned and fond of literary composition. Recommended as Presented Scholar, he placed at the top in the policy examination and was appointed Erudite of the Imperial University; he rose gradually to Grand Master of Remonstrance and concurrent Director of Compilation. During the Yuanxiang era, Yitong Gao Yue appointed him Recording Affairs Army Aide. His younger brothers Jinglong and Jingyan were impeached and held in the Court of Justice prison; Jingrong went to the capital seeking an appointment. When the Ministry of Personnel proposed him for a commandery post, Censor-in-Chief Cui Xian impeached him for seeking advancement while blind to propriety, and he was removed from office. He died of illness. Jingrong was modest, retiring, and scrupulously honest, seeking no edge in worldly competition; though his talent did not equal his learning, he wrote tirelessly—yet his prose ran to excess and sound reasoning was scarce in it. His writings were collected in a separate compilation.
29
景顏頗有學尚，孝靜初，為司空長史，在官貪穢，為中尉崔暹所劾，遇病死獄中。
Jingyan was a man of some learning; early in the Xiaojing reign he served as Chief Clerk of the Minister of Works, but in office he was corrupt; Censor Cui Xian impeached him, and he died in prison of illness.
30
延俊族兄聿，字外興，以操尚貞立，被孝文所知。 為北中府長史。 時帝以聿與中書侍郎崔亮清貧，欲以幹錄優之，乃以亮帶野王縣事，聿帶溫縣。 時人榮之。 卒于平秦郡太守，贈洛州刺史。 子子袖入關西。
Yanjun's collateral elder clansman Yu, styled Waixing, won Emperor Xiaowen's notice for his upright character. He served as Chief Clerk of the Northern Central Prefecture headquarters. The emperor, noting that Yu and Secretariat Attendant Cui Liang lived in upright poverty, wished to augment their income with administrative posts and had Liang take charge of Yewang County and Yu take charge of Wen County. Contemporaries held this up as an honor. He died while serving as Administrator of Pingqin Commandery and was posthumously appointed Inspector of Luozhou. His son Zixiu went west through the passes into Guanxi.
31
延俊族人瑗，字珍寶，太和中析屬河北郡。 少孤貧，清苦自立。 為汝南王悅郎中令。 孝靜初，卒于雍州刺史。
Yanjun's kinsman Yuan, styled Zhenbao, was reassigned to Hebei Commandery in the Taihe era. Orphaned and poor from youth, he maintained himself through austere self-reliance. He served as Chief of the Palace Office for Prince of Runan Yue. Early in the Xiaojing reign he died while serving as Inspector of Yongzhou.
32
延俊從父兄宣明，位華州刺史，有惠政，諡曰簡。 二子景鸞、景鴻，並有逸才，河東呼景鸞為驥子，景鴻為龍文。 景鸞位華州刺史。 子文端，齊行台郎。 四子，願、安志、弘、振。 景鴻，齊和夷郡守。 子叔卿，博涉有孝行，時人號曰「裴曾子」。 隋貝丘令。 子神舉、神符，而神舉最知名。
Yanjun's collateral elder cousin Xuanming served as Inspector of Huazhou, where his rule was humane; he received the posthumous title Jian. His two sons Jingluan and Jinghong both showed exceptional talent; in Hedong people called Jingluan "the Foal" and Jinghong "Dragon Script." Jingluan served as Inspector of Huazhou. His son Wenduan was a staff officer of the Qi Directorate. He had four sons: Yuan, Anzhi, Hong, and Zhen. Jinghong served as Prefect of Heyi Commandery under Northern Qi. His son Shuqing was widely read and renowned for filial piety; contemporaries called him "Pei Zengzi." Under the Sui he was Magistrate of Beiqiu. He had sons Shenju and Shenfu; Shenju was the best known.
33
裴佗，字元化，河東聞喜人也。 六世祖詵，仕晉位太常卿。 因晉亂，避地涼州。 苻堅平河西，東歸，因居解縣。 世以文學顯，五舉秀才，再舉孝廉，時人美之。 父景惠，州別駕。 佗容貌魁偉，聵然有器望。 舉秀才，以高第除中書博士。 累遷趙郡太守，為政有方，威惠甚著，狡吏奸人，莫不改貫，所得俸祿，分恤貧窮。 轉前將軍、荊州刺史，郡人戀仰，傾境餞送。 蠻酋田磐石、田敬宗等部落萬餘家，恃眾阻險，不賓王命，前後牧守，未能降款。 佗至州，單使宣慰，示以禍福，田敬宗聞風歸附。 於是合境清晏，繈負至者千餘家。 後加中軍將軍，以老乞還。 卒，遺令不聽請贈，不受賵襚，諸子皆遵行之。
Pei Tuo, styled Yuanhua, was from Wenxi in Hedong. His sixth-generation ancestor Shen served under the Jin and rose to Chamberlain for Ceremonials. When the Jin fell into chaos he fled to Liangzhou. When Fu Jian conquered Hexi he returned east and settled in Jie County. The family was renowned for generations in letters; he was five times recommended as Presented Scholar and twice as Filial and Incorrupt, winning contemporaries' admiration. His father Jinghui served as Vice-Prefect of the province. Tuo was tall and imposing, with a dignified bearing that commanded respect. Recommended as Presented Scholar, he placed at the top and was appointed Erudite of the Secretariat. He rose to Administrator of Zhao Commandery, where he governed effectively and won renown for both firmness and kindness; corrupt officials and evil-doers all mended their ways, and he gave his salary in shares to the poor. He was transferred to General of the Vanguard and Inspector of Jingzhou; the people clung to him in devotion, and the whole region turned out to bid him farewell. Man chieftains Tian Panshi, Tian Jingzong, and others commanded more than ten thousand tribal households; relying on numbers and rugged terrain they refused imperial authority, and successive regional governors had failed to bring them in. When Tuo took up his post he sent emissaries alone to offer reassurance, showing them the consequences of submission or resistance; Tian Jingzong submitted at once. The whole region then grew calm and orderly, and more than a thousand households arrived carrying infants on their backs. He was later additionally appointed General of the Central Army and, citing old age, asked to retire. At his death he left instructions forbidding posthumous honors, refusing funeral gifts and grave goods—and his sons all obeyed.
34
佗性剛直，不好與俗人交遊，其投分者必當時名勝。 清白任真，不事家產，宅不過三十步，又無田園，暑不張蓋，寒不衣裘，其貞儉若此。 子讓之。
Tuo was forthright by nature and avoided the company of ordinary men; his intimate friends were invariably the celebrated figures of the age. He lived in plain integrity and cared nothing for wealth; his house measured no more than thirty paces and he owned no farmland; in summer he used no parasol, in winter wore no furs—such was his austerity. His son was Rangzhi.
35
讓之字士禮，年十六喪父，殆不勝哀。 其母辛氏泣撫之曰：「棄我滅性，得為孝子乎！」 由是自勉。 辛氏高明婦人，又閑禮度； 夫喪，諸子多幼弱，廣延師友，或親自教授，內外親屬有吉凶禮制，多取則焉。
Rangzhi, styled Shili, lost his father at sixteen and nearly succumbed to grief. His mother, Lady Xin, wept as she comforted him: "Would you leave me and destroy yourself and still call that filial piety?" From that he rallied himself. Lady Xin was a woman of high intelligence, well versed in ritual propriety; After her husband's death, with most of her sons still young, she sought out teachers far and wide and sometimes taught them herself; kin near and distant alike looked to her for guidance in ritual matters, joyous or mournful.
36
讓之少好學，有文情，清明俊辯，早得聲譽。 魏天平中，舉秀才，對策高第。 累遷屯田、主客郎中，省中語曰「能賦詩，裴讓之」。 為太原公開府記室。 與楊愔友善，相遇則清談竟日。 愔每云：「此人風流警拔，裴文季為不亡矣。」 梁使至，常令讓之攝主客郎。
From youth Rangzhi loved learning; gifted in letters, lucid and eloquent, he won an early reputation. During Northern Wei's Tianping era he was recommended as Presented Scholar and placed at the top in the policy examination. He rose through posts as Gentleman of the Colonies and Gentleman of the Hosts; at court they said, "When poetry is needed, there is Pei Rangzhi." He served as Recorder on the staff of Prince of Taiyuan. He was close to Yang Yin; when they met they would talk abstruse matters all day long. Yin often said, "This man's brilliance is sharp and extraordinary—Pei Wenji lives again in him." When envoys from Liang arrived, Rangzhi was regularly deputized as Gentleman of the Hosts.
37
第二弟諏之奔關右，兄弟五人皆拘系。 齊神武問云：「諏之何在？」 答曰：「昔吳、蜀二國，諸葛兄弟各得盡心，況讓之老母在此，君臣分定，失忠與孝，愚夫不為。 伏願明公以誠信待物。 若以不收處物，物亦安能自信？ 以此定霸，猶卻行而求道耳。」 神武善其言，兄弟俱釋。
His second younger brother Souzhi fled west to Guanzhong, and all five brothers were arrested. Gao Huan of Northern Qi asked, "Where is Souzhi?" He replied, "In Wu and Shu the Zhuge brothers each served his own lord with full devotion; and Rangzhi's aged mother is here. When the roles of ruler and subject are fixed, neither loyalty nor filial piety can be cast aside—no fool would do that. I beg you, my lord, to treat people with sincerity and good faith. If you receive people with suspicion, how can they trust you in return? To build an empire on that would be like walking backward while trying to find the road ahead." Gao Huan was pleased with his answer and released all the brothers.
38
曆文襄大將軍主簿，兼中書舍人。 後兼散騎常侍聘梁。 文襄嘗入朝，讓之導引，容儀醖籍，文襄目之曰：「士禮，佳舍人也。」 遷長兼中書侍郎，領舍人。 齊受禪，靜帝遜居別宮，與諸臣別，讓之流涕歔欷。 以參掌儀注，封寧都縣男。 帝欲以為黃門侍郎，或言其體重不堪趨侍，乃除清河太守。 至郡未幾，楊愔謂讓之諸弟曰：「我與賢兄交款，企聞善政，適有人從清河來，雲奸吏斂跡，盜賊清靖。 期月之期，翻更非速。」
He served in turn as Chief Clerk on Wenxiang's staff and as concurrent Secretariat Drafting Officer. He later served concurrently as Regular Attendant of the Rapid Steeds on a mission to Liang. Once when Gao Cheng attended court, Rangzhi guided him—his carriage graceful and dignified. Gao Cheng looked at him and said, "Shili, what an excellent drafting officer." He was promoted to senior concurrent Secretariat Attendant and put in charge of the drafting officers. When Northern Qi accepted the abdication, Emperor Jing withdrew to a detached palace to take leave of his ministers; Rangzhi wept aloud. For helping to oversee court ritual he was enfeoffed as Baron of Ningdu County. The emperor wished to appoint him Attendant of the Yellow Gate, but others said his stout frame was unsuited to close attendance at court, and he was made Administrator of Qinghe instead. Not long after Rangzhi took office, Yang Yin told his brothers, "Your worthy elder brother and I are close friends, and I have long looked forward to news of his good governance; someone has just arrived from Qinghe reporting that corrupt officials have gone into hiding and banditry has been suppressed. To accomplish so much in little more than a month is almost too quick for belief."
39
清河有二豪吏田轉貴、孫舍興，久吏奸猾，多有侵削，因事遂脅人取財，計贓依律不至死，讓之以其亂法，殺之。 時清河王岳為司州牧，遣部從事案之。 侍中高德政舊與讓之不協，密奏言：「當陛下受禪之時，讓之眷戀魏朝，嗚咽流涕，比為內官，情非所願。」 既而楊愔請救之，雲罪不合死。 文宣大怒，謂愔曰：「欲得與裴讓之同塚邪！」 於是無敢言者，事奏，竟賜死於家。
Qinghe had two powerful petty officials, Tian Zhuan'gui and Sun Shexing, veteran clerks who were cunning and corrupt and who for years had extorted and embezzled from the people. On one matter they blackmailed people for money; by the statute the amount stolen did not warrant the death penalty, but Rangzhi had them executed for subverting the law. At the time Prince of Qinghe Yue was serving as Governor of Sizhou and sent a headquarters aide to investigate. Palace Attendant Gao Dezheng had long been at odds with Rangzhi and submitted a secret memorial: "When Your Majesty accepted the abdication, Rangzhi clung to devotion for the Wei and wept aloud; now serving as an inner-court official, his heart is not in it." Yang Yin then interceded on his behalf, arguing that the offence did not call for death. Emperor Wenxuan flew into a rage and said to Yin, "Do you want to share a tomb with Pei Rangzhi?" After that no one dared speak up. When the case was reported up, Rangzhi was ultimately ordered to take his own life at home.
40
讓之次弟諏之，字士正。 少好儒學，釋褐太學博士。 嘗從常景借書百卷，十許日便返。 景疑其不能讀，每卷策問，應答無遺。 景歎曰：「應奉五行俱下，禰衡一覽便記，今復見之于裴生矣。」 楊愔闔門改葬，托諏之頓作十餘墓誌，文皆可觀。 讓之、諏之及皇甫和、和弟亮，並知名於洛下。 時人語曰：「諏勝於讓，和不如亮。」 司空高乾致書曰：「相屈為戶曹參軍。」 諏之復書不受署。 沛王開大司馬府，辟為記室。 遷鄴後，諏之留在河南。 西魏領軍獨孤信入據金墉，以諏之為開府屬，號曰「洛陽遺彥」。 信敗，諏之居南山，洛州刺史王元軌召為中從事。 西師忽至，尋退，遂隨西師入關。 周文帝以為大行台倉曹郎中。 卒，贈徐州刺史。
Rangzhi's next younger brother Souzhi was styled Shizheng. From youth he devoted himself to Confucian studies and upon entering service was appointed Erudite of the Imperial University. He once borrowed a hundred scrolls from Chang Jing and returned them in little more than ten days. Jing doubted he could have read them all and tested him scroll by scroll; Souzhi answered without missing a point. Jing exclaimed, "Ying Feng could read five lines at a glance and Mi Heng could memorize at a single look—today I find the same gift in young Master Pei." When Yang Yin reburied his entire family line, he had Souzhi dash off more than a dozen epitaphs at once—all of them fine pieces. Rangzhi, Souzhi, Huangfu He, and He's younger brother Liang were all celebrated in Luoyang. People then said, "Souzhi outshines Rangzhi, but He falls short of Liang." Minister of Works Gao Gan wrote inviting him to serve as Household Affairs Army Aide." Souzhi replied declining the appointment. Prince of Pei Kai, on opening his Grand Marshal's office, recruited him as Recorder. After the court moved to Ye, Souzhi stayed behind in the Henan region. When Dugu Xin of Western Wei took Jinyong Fort, he appointed Souzhi to his staff and hailed him as "Luoyang's surviving brilliant scholar." After Xin's defeat Souzhi went to live on Mount Nan; Wang Yuangui, Inspector of Luozhou, summoned him as a staff aide. When Western forces suddenly appeared and then withdrew, he followed them west through the passes into Guanzhong. Emperor Wen of Western Zhou appointed him Gentleman of the Storage Bureau on the Grand Directorate staff. After his death he was posthumously appointed Inspector of Xuzhou.
41
次讞之，字士平。 七歲便勤學，早知名。 累遷司徒主簿。 楊愔每稱歎曰：「河東士族，京官不少，唯此家兄弟，全無鄉音。」 讞之雖年少，不妄交遊，唯與隴西辛術、趙郡李繪、頓丘李構、清河崔贍為忘年友。 昭帝梓宮將還鄴，轉儀曹郎。 尤悉歷代故事，儀注、喪禮皆能裁正。 為許昌太守，客旅過郡，皆出私財供給，人間無所預。 代下日，為吏人所懷。 仕周，卒伊川太守。
Next was Yanzhi, styled Shiping. At seven he was already a diligent student and gained an early reputation. He rose through the ranks to Chief Clerk of the Minister of Education. Yang Yin often marvelled: "Among Hedong gentry families there are many court officials in the capital, but only the brothers of this household have no trace of regional accent." Though still young, Yanzhi formed no casual friendships; his only intimates, older and younger alike, were Xin Shu of Longxi, Li Hui of Zhao, Li Gou of Dunqiu, and Cui Zhan of Qinghe. When Emperor Zhao's coffin was about to be returned to Ye, he was transferred to Gentleman of the Rites Bureau. He was especially versed in precedents of past dynasties and could adjudicate and correct ritual codes and mourning ceremonies. As Administrator of Xuchang he paid from his own purse to supply every traveler passing through the commandery without levying a burden on the people. When he left office the officials and people mourned his departure. He served under Northern Zhou and died while holding the post of Administrator of Yichuan.
42
次謀之，字士令。 少有風格，邢邵每云「我裴四」。 武成為開府，辟為參軍，掌書記。
Next was Mouzhi, styled Shiling. From youth he had distinction; Xing Shao would call him "my Pei Number Four." When Wucheng opened his office he recruited Mouzhi as Army Aide in charge of records.
43
次訥之，字士言。 純謹有局量。 弱冠為平原公開府墨曹，掌書記，從至并州。 其母在鄴，忽得心痛，訥之是日不勝思慕，心亦驚痛，乃請急而還。 當時以為孝感。 文宣踐阼，幸晉陽。 皇太子監國； 留訥之與杜台卿並為齋帥，領東宮管記。 轉太子舍人，奏中書舍人事。 衛尉杜弼被其家客誣云「有怨言，誹訕時政」。 並稱訥之與弼交好，亦知之。 坐免官。 卒，天統中追贈平州刺史。
Next was Nezhi, styled Shiyan. He was honest, cautious, and broad-minded. At twenty he served on Prince of Pingyuan's staff as head of the records bureau and accompanied the prince to Bingzhou. His mother was in Ye. When she was suddenly seized with heart pain, Nezhi that same day was overcome with longing and felt a stabbing ache in his own chest; he obtained emergency leave and hurried home. Contemporaries regarded this as an act of filial devotion. When Wenxuan took the throne he made a tour to Jinyang. The Crown Prince was left to supervise the realm; Nezhi and Du Taiqing were left behind as supervisors of fasting rites, concurrently heading the Eastern Palace record office. He was transferred to Crown Prince Attendant and discharged the duties of a Secretariat Drafting Officer. Commandant of the Guard Du Bi was denounced by a household servant, who claimed he had spoken resentfully and slandered current affairs. The accuser also claimed that Nezhi, being close to Bi, knew of it as well. For this he was dismissed from office. After his death he was posthumously appointed Inspector of Pingzhou during the Tiantong era.
44
長子曰樊，出後讓之。 次子矩，最知名。
His eldest son Fan was given in adoption as Rangzhi's heir. His second son Ju became the most famous.
45
矩字弘大，繈褓而孤； 及長，好學，頗愛文藻，有智數。 世父讓之謂曰：「觀汝神識，足成才士，欲求宦達，當資幹世之務。」 矩由是始留情世事。 仕齊，為高平王文學。 齊亡，不得調。 隋文帝為定州總管，補記室，甚親敬之。 以母憂去職。 及帝作相，遣使馳召之，參相府記室事。 受禪，遷給事郎，奏舍人事。 伐陳之役，領元帥記室。 既破丹陽，晉王廣令矩與高熲收陳圖籍。
Ju, styled Hongda, was orphaned in infancy; as he grew he loved learning, took to literary craft, and showed an astute mind. His uncle Rangzhi told him, "From your wit and insight you could easily become a gifted scholar—but if you mean to rise in office you must master the business of governing the world." From that point Ju began to turn his mind to public affairs. He entered Qi service as Literary Adjunct on the staff of Prince of Gaoping. When Qi fell he received no new appointment. When Emperor Wen of Sui served as Governor-General of Dingzhou he took Ju on as Recorder and treated him with exceptional regard. He left office to observe mourning for his mother. When the emperor became Chancellor he sent a fast courier to summon Ju, who then served on the chancellor's staff as Recorder. After the abdication and founding of Sui he was promoted to Drafting Officer and performed the duties of a Secretariat Drafting Officer. During the campaign against Chen he served as Recorder on the commander's staff. After Danyang fell, Prince Jin Guang ordered Ju and Gao Jiong to gather Chen's maps and archives.
46
明年，奉詔巡撫嶺南。 未行而高智慧、汪文進等作亂，吳、越道閉。 上難遣矩行，矩請速進，上許之。 行至南康，得兵數千人。 時俚帥王仲宣逼廣州，遣其部將周師舉圖東衡州，矩與大將軍鹿願赴之。 賊立九柵，屯大庾嶺，共為聲援。 矩進擊破之。 賊懼，釋東衡州，據原長嶺，又擊敗之。 遂斬師舉，進軍自南海拔廣州，仲宣懼而潰散。 矩所綏集者二十餘州，又承制署渠帥為刺史縣令。 及還，上大悅，命升殿勞苦之，謂高熲、楊素曰：「韋洸將二萬兵，不能早度嶺，每患其兵少。 裴矩以三千弊卒徑至南海，有臣若此，朕亦何憂。」 以功拜開府，賜爵聞喜縣公，賚物二千段。 除戶部侍郎，遷內吏侍郎。
The following year he received orders to tour and pacify Lingnan. Before he could set out, Gao Zhihui, Wang Wenjin, and others rose in rebellion and the routes through Wu and Yue were cut off. The emperor hesitated to send Ju into such danger, but Ju asked to press ahead at once and the emperor consented. When he reached Nankang he mustered several thousand troops. The Liao chieftain Wang Zhongxuan was then pressing Guangzhou and sent his general Zhou Shiju to invest Eastern Hengzhou; Ju marched there with General Lu Yuan. The rebels erected nine palisaded camps on Dayu Ridge to support one another. Ju attacked and broke them. The rebels fled, abandoning Eastern Hengzhou to hold Yuan-Chang Ridge; Ju defeated them again. He then beheaded Shiju, advanced from Nanhai to take Guangzhou, and Zhongxuan's forces collapsed in terror. Ju brought more than twenty prefectures back under control and, by imperial authorization, appointed tribal chieftains as regional inspectors and county magistrates. On his return the emperor was elated, had him ascend the hall to be personally commended, and said to Gao Jiong and Yang Su, "Wei Guang led twenty thousand men and still could not cross the mountains in time—we always feared he had too few troops. Pei Ju marched straight to Nanhai with three thousand ragged troops—with a minister like this, what have I to fear?" For his service he was appointed Opening Grand Master, enfeoffed as Duke of Wenxi County, and granted two thousand bolts of goods. He was appointed Vice Minister of Revenue and then promoted to Vice Minister of the Interior.
47
時西域諸蕃多至張掖與中國交市，帝令矩掌其事。 矩知帝方勤遠略，諸胡至者，矩誘令言其國俗山川險易，撰西域圖記三卷，入朝奏之。 其序曰：
Many peoples of the Western Regions then came to Zhangye to trade with China, and the emperor put Ju in charge of the market. Knowing the emperor was keen on expanding the frontier, Ju questioned every arriving foreigner about his homeland's customs and terrain and compiled a three-scroll Western Regions Illustrated Record, which he presented at court. The preface reads:
48
臣聞禹定九州，導河不逾積石。 秦兼六國，設防止於臨洮。 故知西胡雜種，僻居遐裔，禮教之所不及，書典之所罕傳。 自漢氏興基，開拓河右，始稱名號者有四十六國。 其後分立，乃五十五王。 仍置校尉、都護，以存招撫。 然叛服不恆，屢經征戰。 後漢之世，頻廢此官； 雖大宛以來，略知戶數，而諸國山川，未有名目。 至如姓氏、風土、服章、物產，全無纂錄，世所弗聞。 復以春秋遞謝，年代久遠，兼併誅討，互有興亡。 或地是故邦，改從今號； 或人非舊類，同襲昔名。 兼復部人交錯，封疆移改，戎狄音殊，事難窮驗。 于闐之北，蔥嶺以東，考于前史，三十餘國。 其後更相屠滅，僅有十存，自餘淪沒，掃地俱盡，空有丘墟，不可記識。
I have read that Yu divided the land into Nine Provinces and that the Yellow River he channeled did not extend beyond Mount Jishi. When Qin conquered the Six States it erected a barrier at Lintao. Thus the mixed peoples of the western barbarian lands dwelt far on the frontier, beyond the reach of ritual culture and barely mentioned in the written record. From the rise of the Han dynasty, which opened the Hexi corridor, forty-six states first came to be named in the records. Later, as they split apart, there were fifty-five rulers. The Han also established Protector-Colonels and Chief Commandants to maintain contact and offer reassurance. Yet submission and rebellion were never constant, and the region saw repeated campaigns. Under the Later Han these posts were repeatedly abolished; and although since Dayuan there had been rough tallies of population, the mountains and rivers of the various states went unnamed in the books. As for family names, customs, dress, and local products, nothing had been systematically compiled; the world knew nothing of them. Moreover, as dynasties succeeded one another and centuries passed, conquest and punitive war brought one state after another to rise and fall. Sometimes an old land survived but took a new name; sometimes a new people borrowed an ancient name. Populations shifted, borders changed, and the tongues of the frontier peoples diverged—making truth difficult to establish. North of Khotan and east of the Pamirs, the earlier histories mention more than thirty states. Later they slaughtered one another until only ten survived; the rest were wiped from the earth, leaving nothing but ruins impossible to identify.
49
皇上應天育物，無隔華夷； 率土黔黎，莫不慕化。 風行所及，日入以來，職貢皆通，無遠不至。 臣既因撫納，監知關市，尋討書籍，訪采胡人。 或有所疑，即詳眾口，依其本國服飾儀形，王及庶人各顯容止，即丹青摸寫為《西圖域記》，共成三卷，合三十五國。 仍別造地圖，窮其要害，從西頃以去，北海之南，縱橫所互，將二萬里。 諒由富商大賈，周遊經涉，故諸國之事，罔不偏知。 復有幽荒遠地，卒訪難曉，不可憑虛，是以致闕。 而二漢相踵，西域為傳，戶人數十，即稱國王，徒有名號，有乖其實。 今者所編，皆餘千戶，利盡西海，多產珍異。 見山居之屬，非有國名及部落小者，多亦不載。
Your Majesty, responding to Heaven and nurturing all creation, makes no distinction between Chinese and foreign; and throughout the realm the people look to you for civilization. Where your influence reaches, from the lands of the sunset inward, tribute missions come from every quarter, however far. In overseeing the border markets and receiving these peoples, I have searched the books and questioned the foreigners firsthand. Whenever doubt remained, I questioned everyone in detail; according to each country's native dress and ceremonial bearing, I had kings and commoners alike show their appearance and deportment, then painted them for the Western Regions Illustrated Record—a work of three scrolls covering thirty-five states. I also drew separate maps mapping every strategic point; from the western horizon to south of the North Sea, the area covered runs to nearly twenty thousand li in every direction. This is surely because the great merchants who travel the routes have passed through everywhere, so that nothing of these countries escapes notice. Some lands remain remote and obscure; sudden inquiry cannot make them clear, and one cannot invent what is not known—hence the gaps in the record. Under the two Han dynasties, the Western Regions appear in the histories—but states with only dozens of households were called kings in name only, far from the truth. Those included in the present compilation all have more than a thousand households, trade reaches the Western Sea, and they produce many rare goods. Mountain dwellers without state names, and petty tribes, are for the most part omitted.
50
發自燉煌，至於西海，凡為三道，各有襟帶。 北道從伊吾經蒲類海、鐵勒部、突厥可汗庭，度北流河水、至拂菻國，達於西海。 其中道從高昌、焉耆、龜茲、疏勒，度蔥嶺，又經吲汗、蘇勒沙那國、康國、曹國、何國、大小安國、穆國，至波斯，達於西海。 其南道從鄯善、于闐、硃俱波、喝盤陀，度蔥嶺，又經護密、吐火羅、挹騑、忛延、漕國，至北婆羅門，達於西海。 其三道諸國，亦各自有路，南北交通。 其東安國、南婆羅門國等，並隨其所往，諸處得達。 故知伊吾、高昌、鄯善並西域之門戶也，總湊燉煌，是其咽喉之地。
From Dunhuang to the Western Sea there are three main routes, each with its chain of stations and dependencies. The northern route runs from Yiwu through the Pulei Sea, the Tiele tribes, and the Türk qaghan's court, crosses the north-flowing river, reaches Fulin (Byzantium), and arrives at the Western Sea. The central route goes from Gaochang through Yanqi, Kucha, and Kashgar, crosses the Pamirs, then passes Yehana, Sule shana, Kang, Cao, He, Greater and Lesser An, and Mu, and reaches Persia and the Western Sea. The southern route runs from Shanshan through Khotan, Zhujubo, and Hepantuo, crosses the Pamirs, then passes Wumi, Tuhuoluo, Yipi, Ganyan, and Cao, and reaches North Brahman and the Western Sea. The states along these three routes also have their own byways, linking north and south. States such as Eastern An and South Brahman can likewise be reached by whichever route one takes. Thus Yiwu, Gaochang, and Shanshan are the gateways to the Western Regions, and all traffic converges on Dunhuang—the strategic choke point of the route.
51
以國家威德，將士驍雄，泛濛汜而揚旌，越昆侖而躍馬，易如反掌，何往不至。 但突厥、吐谷渾分領羌胡之國，為其擁遏，故朝貢不通。 今並因商人，密送誠款，引領翹首，願為臣妾。 聖情含養，澤及普天，服而撫之，務在安輯。 故皇華遣使，弗動兵車，諸蕃既從，突厥可滅。 混一戎夏，其在茲乎。 不有所記，無以表威化之遠也。
With the empire's majesty and the valor of its troops, to sail the western seas and raise our banners, to gallop over the Kunlun—would be as easy as turning one's hand; no destination would lie beyond reach. But the Türks and Tuyuhun controlled the Qiang and Hu states and blocked the routes, so tribute missions could not get through. Now, through merchants, they secretly send pledges of loyalty; they stretch their necks in hope and wish to become your subjects. Your Majesty's grace embraces all creation and extends to every corner of the sky; to win them over and put them at ease is the true aim. Send imperial envoys rather than armies; once the frontier peoples submit, the Türks can be destroyed. The unification of Chinese and foreign lands may well begin here. Without recording these matters, there is no way to show how far your civilizing power extends.
52
帝大悅，賜物五百段，每日引矩至御坐，親問西方之事。 矩盛言胡中多諸寶物，吐谷渾易可併吞。 帝由是甘心，將通西域，西夷經略，咸以委之。
The emperor was delighted, granted him five hundred bolts of silk, and each day summoned Ju to the imperial seat to question him personally about the West. Ju spoke at length of the riches of the western lands and argued that Tuyuhun could easily be conquered and absorbed. The emperor's mind was made up: he would open the Western Regions and entrusted Ju with the entire western frontier strategy.
53
後遷黃門侍郎，復令往張掖，引致西蕃，至者十餘國。 大業三年，帝有事于恆嶽，咸來助祭。 帝將巡河右，復令矩往敦煌，矩遣使說高昌王麹伯雅及伊吾吐屯設等，啖以厚利，導之使入朝。 及帝西巡，次燕支山。 高昌王、伊吾設等及西蕃胡二十七國謁于道左，皆令佩金玉，被錦罽，焚香奏樂，歌舞喧噪。 復令張掖、武威士女盛飾縱觀，填咽周互數十里，以示中國之盛。 帝見而大悅。 竟破吐谷渾，拓地數千里。 並遣兵戍之，每歲委輸巨億萬計。 諸蕃懼懾，朝貢相續。 帝謂矩有綏懷略，進位銀青光祿大夫。
He was later promoted to Yellow Gate Attendant and again sent to Zhangye to summon the western peoples; more than ten states responded. In the third year of Daye, when the emperor performed rites at Mount Heng, they all came to assist at the sacrifice. When the emperor prepared to tour the Hexi region, he again sent Ju to Dunhuang. Ju dispatched envoys to King Qu Boya of Gaochang, the Yiwu Tudu she, and others, tempting them with rich rewards and guiding them to court. When the emperor toured west, he halted at Mount Yanzhi. The King of Gaochang, the Yiwu she, and envoys from twenty-seven western states waited by the roadside to pay homage, all adorned with jade and gold, draped in brocade and felt, burning incense and playing music amid singing and dancing. He also had the daughters of scholars and commoners of Zhangye and Wuwei dress in their finest and line the route for miles on end, to display the splendor of the Middle Kingdom. The emperor was greatly pleased at the sight. Tuyuhun was at last defeated and territory was expanded by several thousand li. Troops were garrisoned there as well, and every year the cost of supplies ran to tens of millions. The frontier peoples submitted in fear, and tribute missions came one after another. The emperor said Ju had a gift for winning hearts, and promoted him to Silver Seal Blue-Gleaming Grand Master of the Palace.
54
其年冬，帝至東都。 矩以蠻夷朝貢者多，諷帝令都下大戲，征四方奇伎異藝陳於端門街，衣錦綺、珥金翠者以十萬數。 又勒百官及百姓士女列坐棚閣而縱觀焉，皆被服鮮麗，終月而罷。 又令交市店肆皆設帷帳，盛酒食，遣掌蕃率蠻夷與人貿易，所至處悉令邀延就坐，醉飽而散。 蠻夷嗟歎，謂中國為神仙。 帝稱矩至誠，謂宇文述、牛弘曰：「裴矩凡所陳奏，皆朕之成算，朕未發，矩輒以聞。 自非奉國，孰能若是。」
That winter the emperor reached the Eastern Capital. Because so many barbarian envoys were presenting tribute, Ju suggested that the emperor hold a great festival in the capital, summoning exotic performers from every quarter to display their arts on Duanmen Street—those dressed in brocade and silk with gold and kingfisher ornaments numbered in the hundreds of thousands. He also had officials and commoners, men and women, seated in tiers of booths and galleries to watch; all were splendidly dressed, and the spectacle lasted a full month. Market stalls were draped with canopies and stocked with food and wine; officials in charge of foreign guests led the barbarians to trade with the townspeople, inviting them everywhere to sit, eat, and drink their fill before they departed. The barbarians marveled and declared that the Middle Kingdom was the realm of immortals. The emperor praised Ju's devotion and said to Yuwen Shu and Niu Hong, "Everything Pei Ju submits in memorial is already my own settled plan—before I have even spoken, Ju has already reported it. Who but a man wholly devoted to the state could do such a thing?"
55
帝遣將軍薛世雄城伊吾，令矩共往經略。 矩諷諭西域諸國曰：「天子為蕃人交易懸遠，所以城耳。」 咸以為然，不復來競。 及還，賜錢四十萬。 矩又白狀，令反間射匱，潛攻處羅。 後處羅為射匱所迫，竟隨使者入朝。 帝大悅，賜矩貂裘及西域珍器。
The emperor sent General Xue Shixiong to build a fortress at Yiwu and ordered Ju to accompany him and oversee the operation. Ju persuaded the western states, saying, "The Son of Heaven is building this fortress only because trade with the frontier peoples is so far-flung." They all accepted this explanation and ceased to contest the project. On his return he was granted forty thousand coins. Ju also submitted a plan to set Shekui and Chuluo against each other through intrigue. Later Chuluo, hard pressed by Shekui, finally came to court with the envoy. The emperor was delighted and granted Ju a sable-fur coat and rare treasures from the Western Regions.
56
從帝巡塞北，幸啟人帳。 時高麗遣使先通於突厥，啟人不敢隱，引之見帝。 矩因奏曰：「高麗地本孤竹國，周代以之封箕子，漢世分為三郡，晉氏亦統遼東。 今乃不臣，列為外域，故先帝欲征之久矣。 但以楊諒不肖，師出無功。 當陛下時，安得不事，使此冠帶之境仍為蠻貊之鄉乎？ 今其使朝於突厥，親見啟人合國從化，必懼皇靈之遠暢，慮後服之先亡，脅令入朝，當可致也。」 帝曰：「如何？」 矩曰：「請面詔其使，放還本國，遣語其王，令速朝覲。 不然者，當率突厥，即日誅之。」 帝納焉。 高元不用命，始建征遼之策。
He accompanied the emperor on a tour of the northern frontier and visited Qiren Khan's camp. At the time Goryeo had sent envoys to establish contact with the Türks; Qiren did not dare hide it and brought them before the emperor. Ju thereupon memorialized: "The land of Goryeo was originally the state of Guzhu; in the Zhou it was enfeoffed to Jizi; in the Han it was divided into three commanderies; the Jin too held Liaodong. Yet now it refuses submission and is treated as a foreign land—so the former emperor long wished to campaign against it. But because Yang Liang proved unworthy, the expedition came to nothing. In Your Majesty's reign, how can we fail to act and leave this land that once wore the cap and belt still a barbarian frontier? Now its envoy has come to the Türks and seen Qiren's entire people submit to your rule; he will surely fear that your imperial majesty reaches so far and that Goryeo will be the first to perish if it submits late. If we pressure him to return and bid his king come to court at once, we can bring this about." The emperor asked, "How?" Ju replied, "Let me speak to the envoy face to face, send him home, and tell his king to come to court at once. Otherwise tell him that the Türks will destroy Goryeo that very day." The emperor agreed. When King Gao Yuan disobeyed, the plan to campaign against Liaodong was first drawn up.
57
王師臨遼，以本官領武賁郎將。 明年，復從至遼東。 兵部侍郎斛斯政亡入高麗，帝令矩兼掌兵事。 以前後度遼功，進位右光祿大夫。
When the imperial army reached Liaodong, he served in his existing post as Brave Guard General. The following year he again accompanied the campaign to Liaodong. Vice Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs Husizheng defected to Goryeo; the emperor ordered Ju to take charge of military affairs as well. For his repeated service in the Liaodong campaigns he was promoted to Right Blue-Gleaming Grand Master of the Palace.
58
時皇綱不振，人皆變節，左翊衛大將軍宇文述、內史侍郎虞世基等用事，文武多以賄聞。 唯矩守常，無贓穢之響，以是為世所稱。 後以楊玄感初平，帝令矩安集隴右，因之會寧，存問曷薩那部落，遣闕達度設寇吐谷渾，頻有虜獲，部落致富。 還而奏狀，帝大賞之。 後從至懷遠鎮，詔護北蕃軍事。
At that time imperial authority was failing; men everywhere abandoned principle; Yuwen Shu, Left Wing Guard Grand General, and Yu Shiji, Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat, and others held power, and officials civil and military were widely known for taking bribes. Ju alone held to his ways and was never tainted by corruption, for which the world praised him. After Yang Xuangan's rebellion was first suppressed, the emperor sent Ju to pacify Longyou. At Huining he received the Hesana tribe, sent the Quetadu she to raid Tuyuhun, and won repeated spoils that enriched the tribe. He reported back on his return, and the emperor richly rewarded him. He later accompanied the emperor to Huaiyuan garrison and was ordered to oversee military affairs on the northern frontier.
59
矩以始畢可汗部眾漸盛，獻策分其勢。 將以宗女嫁其弟叱吉設，拜為南面可汗。 叱吉不敢受，始畢聞而漸怨。 矩又曰：「突厥本淳，易可離間，由其內多有眾胡，盡皆桀黠，教導之耳。 臣聞史蜀胡悉尤多奸計，幸于始畢，請誘殺之。」 帝曰：「善。」 矩因遣人告胡悉曰：「天子大出珍物，今在馬邑，欲共蕃內多作交關，若前來者，即得好物。」 胡悉信之，不告始畢，率其部落，盡驅六畜爭進，冀先互市。 矩伏兵馬邑，誘而斬之。 詔報始畢曰：「史蜀胡悉忽領部落，走來至此，雲背可汗，請我容納。 今已斬之，故令往報。」 始畢亦知其狀，由是不朝。
Ju saw that Qaghan Shibi's following was growing strong and proposed a plan to divide his power. He proposed marrying an imperial clanswoman to Shibi's younger brother Chiji she and appointing him Southern Face Qaghan. Chiji did not dare accept; when Shibi heard of it, resentment grew between them. Ju also said, "The Türks are by nature straightforward and can easily be set against one another; within their ranks there are many Hu, all of them crafty, and it is they who stir up trouble. I have heard that the Hu chieftain Shishu Husi is especially full of treacherous schemes and enjoys Shibi's favor—I ask permission to lure and kill him." The emperor said, "Good." Ju then sent word to Husi: "The Son of Heaven has brought out great stores of treasure at Mayi and wishes to trade freely with the frontier peoples; if you come first, you will get the best goods." Husi believed him, told Shibi nothing, and drove all his herds at full speed toward Mayi, hoping to trade before anyone else. Ju lay in ambush at Mayi, lured Husi in, and had him beheaded. An edict was sent to Shibi: "Shishu Husi suddenly led his tribe here, saying he had turned against the qaghan and asking us to receive him. We have now executed him and send this report." Shibi understood what had happened and from that time ceased coming to court.
60
十一年，帝北巡狩，始畢率騎數十萬圍帝於雁門，詔矩與虞世基宿朝堂以待顧問。 及圍解，從至東都。 屬射匱可汗遣其猶子率西蕃諸胡朝貢，詔矩宴接之。
In the eleventh year, during the emperor's northern hunt, Shibi led several hundred thousand horsemen and surrounded the emperor at Yanmen; Ju and Yu Shiji were ordered to remain in the court hall for consultation. When the siege was lifted, Ju accompanied the emperor to the Eastern Capital. About that time Qaghan Shekui sent his nephew's son to lead western Hu peoples in tribute, and Ju was ordered to feast and receive them.
61
尋從幸江都宮。 時四方盜賊蜂起，郡縣上奏者不可勝計。 矩言之，帝怒，遣矩詣京師接蕃客。 以疾不行。 及義兵入關，帝遣虞世基就宅問矩方略。 矩曰：「太原有變，京畿不靜，遙為處分，恐失事機，唯願鑾輿早還。」 俄而驍衛大將軍屈突通敗問至，矩以聞，帝失色。 矩素勤謹，未嘗忤物，又見天下方亂，恐為身禍，其待遇人，多過其所望，故雖廝役，皆得其歎心。
He soon followed the emperor to Jiangdu Palace. Bandits were rising everywhere, and reports of unrest from the commanderies and counties became too numerous to count. When Ju spoke of this, the emperor grew angry and sent him to the capital to receive foreign envoys. He pleaded illness and did not go. When the rebel armies entered the passes, the emperor sent Yu Shiji to Ju's home to ask his counsel. Ju said, "There is trouble at Taiyuan and the capital region is unsettled; to manage affairs from afar will miss the moment—I pray only that Your Majesty return north at once." Soon came word that Brave Guard Grand General Qu Tutong had been defeated; Ju reported it, and the emperor turned pale. Ju was by nature diligent and careful and never gave offence; seeing the empire falling into chaos, he feared for his own safety and treated everyone better than they expected, so that even servants spoke well of him.
62
時從駕驍果數有逃散。 帝憂之，以問矩。 矩曰：「今車駕留此，已經二年。 驍果之徒，盡無家口，人無匹合，則不能久安。 臣請聽兵士于此納室。」 帝大書曰：「公定多智，此奇計也。」 因令矩檢校為將士等娶妻。 矩召江都境內寡婦及未嫁女皆集宮監。 又召諸將帥及兵等恣其所取。 因聽自首，先有奸通婦女及尼、女官等，並即配之。 由是驍果等悅，咸相謂曰：「裴公之惠也。」
At the time many of the elite guards accompanying the emperor had begun to desert. The emperor was troubled by this and asked Ju's advice. Ju said, "Your Majesty has kept the court here at Jiangdu for two years already. These guards have left their families behind; men without wives cannot be kept content for long. I ask permission to let the soldiers marry here." The emperor exclaimed, "You are full of wisdom—this is a brilliant plan." He then ordered Ju to organize marriages for the officers and men. Ju summoned every widow and unmarried woman in Jiangdu to assemble at the palace superintendent's quarters. He then summoned the generals, officers, and soldiers and let each man choose for himself. Those who came forward to confess prior liaisons with local women, nuns, or palace women were at once formally matched to their partners. The elite guards were delighted and said among themselves, "This is Lord Pei's bounty."
63
宇文化及反。 矩晨起將朝，至坊門，遇逆黨數人，控矩馬詣孟景所。 賊皆曰：「不關裴黃門。」 既而化及從百餘騎至，矩迎拜，化及慰諭之。 令矩參定儀注，推秦王子浩為帝。 以矩為侍內，隨化及至河北。 化及僭帝號，以矩為尚書右僕射，加光祿大夫，封蔡國公，為河北道宣撫大使。
Yuwen Huaji rose in rebellion. One morning Ju was on his way to court when, at the ward gate, several rebels seized his horse and dragged him to Meng Jing's residence. The rebels all cried, "This has nothing to do with Vice Minister Pei!" Soon Yuwen Huaji arrived with more than a hundred riders. Ju came forward to pay obeisance, and Huaji reassured him. He put Ju in charge of drafting the court ritual and installed Prince Hao of Qin as emperor. Ju was appointed palace attendant and accompanied Huaji north to Hebei. When Huaji declared himself emperor, he appointed Ju Right Vice Minister of the Secretariat, promoted him to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, created him Duke of Cai, and made him commissioner for pacification of the Hebei circuit.
64
及宇文氏敗，為竇建德所獲。 以矩隋代舊臣，遇之甚厚。 復以為吏部尚書，轉尚書右僕射。 建德起自群盜，未有節文，矩為之制定朝儀，旬月之間，憲章頗擬于王者。 建德大悅。 及建德敗時，矩與其將曹旦等於洛州留守。 旦長史李公淹及大唐使人魏徵等說旦及齊善行，令矩歸順。 旦等從之，乃令矩與徵、公淹領旦及八璽，舉山東之地歸降。 授左庶子，轉詹事、戶部尚書，卒。
When the Yuwen faction fell, Ju was taken captive by Dou Jiande. Dou treated Ju with great favor, regarding him as a veteran minister of the Sui. He again made Ju Minister of Personnel, then transferred him to Right Vice Minister of the Secretariat. Dou Jiande had risen from the bandit ranks and knew no court protocol; Ju drew up a full ritual code for him, and within a month his regime bore the outward form of kingship. Dou Jiande was delighted. When Dou Jiande was defeated, Ju remained at Luozhou with the general Cao Dan and others. Cao Dan's chief administrator Li Gongyan, together with the Tang envoy Wei Zheng, persuaded Dan and Qi Shanxing to bring Ju over to the Tang. Dan agreed, and Ju, Wei Zheng, and Li Gongyan were sent with Dan and the eight imperial seals to bring all the territory east of the mountains over to the Tang. He was appointed Left Companion to the Heir Apparent, then promoted to Grand Steward and Minister of Revenue, and died in office.
65
讓之第六弟謁之，字士敬。 少有志節，好直言。 文宣末年昏縱，朝臣罕有言者。 謁之上書正諫，言甚切直。 文宣將殺之，白刃臨頸，謁之辭色不變。 帝曰：「癡漢何敢如此！」 楊愔曰：「望陛下放以取後世名。」 帝投刀歎曰：「小子望我殺爾以取後世名，我終不成爾名。」 遣人送出。 齊亡，卒于壺關令。
Rangzhi's sixth younger brother, Yezhi, courtesy name Shijing. From youth he was high-minded and unafraid to speak plainly. In his late years Emperor Wenxuan grew dissolute and wild, and few at court dared speak out. Yezhi memorialized the throne with blunt remonstrance, his language sharp and unsparing. Wenxuan was about to execute him and set a blade to his throat, but Yezhi's voice and bearing never faltered. The emperor cried, "You fool—how dare you go this far!" Yang Yin said, "I pray Your Majesty spare him, and so win a noble name for yourself in posterity." The emperor threw down his blade and sighed, "You whelp—you want me to kill you so you can win a name in history? I won't give you that satisfaction." He sent men to escort Yezhi out. When Northern Qi fell, he was serving as magistrate of Huguan, and died in that post.
66
皇甫和者，字長諧，安定朝那人。 其先因官，寓居漢中。 祖澄，南齊秦、梁二州刺史。
Huangfu He, courtesy name Changxie, was a native of Chaona in Anding commandery. His ancestors had settled in Hanzhong while serving in office there. His grandfather Cheng served as governor of Qin and Liang provinces under Southern Qi.
67
父征，字子玄，梁安定、略陽二郡守。 魏正始二年，隨其妻父夏侯道遷入魏。 道遷別上勳書，欲以徽為元謀。 徽曰：「創謀之始，本不關預，雖貪榮賞，內愧於心。」 遂拒而不許。 梁州刺史羊靈祐重其敦實，表為征虜府司馬，卒。
His father Zheng, courtesy name Zixuan, was prefect of Anding and Lueyang under Liang. In the second year of Zhengshi (505), he followed his father-in-law Xiahou Daqian in defecting to Northern Wei. Daqian submitted a separate account of the merit owed, intending to name Zheng as the chief instigator of the plot. Zheng said, "I had no part in the original plan. Though I might covet the honors, my conscience would not allow it." He refused to accept. Yang Lingyou, governor of Liang province, admired his steadfast honesty and recommended him as marshal on the staff of the General Who Punishes Barbarians; he died in that service.
68
和十一而孤。 母夏侯氏才明有禮則，親授以經書。 及長，深沈有雅量，尤明禮義，宗親吉凶，多相諮訪。 卒于濟陰太守。 子聿道，以幹局知名，位廣平令。 隋大業初，比部郎。
He lost his father at eleven. His mother, a Lady Xiahou, was accomplished and versed in propriety, and taught him the classics herself. As an adult he was sober, broad-minded, and deeply versed in ritual; kinsmen often turned to him in matters of ceremony and mourning. He died while serving as Administrator of Jiyin commandery. His son Lüdao won renown for his practical ability and served as magistrate of Guangping. At the start of the Daye era under Sui, he served as a director in the Ministry of Revenue.
69
和弟亮，字君翼。 九歲喪父，哀毀有若成人。 齊神武起義，為大行台郎中。 亮率性任真，不樂劇職，除司徒東閣祭酒。 思還鄉里，啟乞梁州褒中，即本郡也。 後降梁。 以母兄在北，求還。 梁武不奪也。 至鄴，無復宦情，遂入白鹿山，恣泉石之賞，縱酒賦詩，超然自樂。 復為尚書殿中郎，攝儀曹事。 以參撰禪代儀注，封榆中男。 亮疏慢自任，無干務才，每有禮儀大事，常令余司攝焉。
He's younger brother, Liang, courtesy name Junyi. He lost his father at nine and mourned with the grief of a grown man. When Gao Huan raised his army, he served as a director on the Grand Mobilization Staff. Liang was plain-spoken and free by nature and disliked onerous office; he was made Libationer of the Eastern Pavilion under the Minister of Education. Longing to return home, he petitioned for a post at Baozhong in Liang province, his native district. He later defected to Liang. With his mother and elder brothers still in the north, he asked to be allowed back. Emperor Wu of Liang granted his wish. Back at Ye, he lost all appetite for office, retired to Mount Bailu, and gave himself over to landscape, wine, and poetry in unhurried contentment. He was again appointed a director in the Secretariat and put in charge of ritual affairs. For helping draft the ceremony of dynastic transfer, he was created Baron of Yuzhong. Liang was lax and self-willed and had little gift for administration; when major ritual business arose, others were routinely left to handle it for him.
70
性質樸純厚，終無片言矯飾。 屬有敕下司，各列勤惰。 亮三日不上省，文宣親詰其故。 亮曰：「一日雨，一日醉，一日病酒。」 文宣以其恕實，優容之，杖脛三十而已。 所居宅洿下，標榜賣之。 將買者或問其故，亮每答云：「為宅中水淹不洩，雨即流入床下。」 由此宅終不售。 其淳實如此。
His character was unvarnished and honest; he never trimmed a word for effect. An edict came down ordering every department to report who had been diligent and who idle. Liang had absented himself from office for three days, and Wenxuan questioned him in person. Liang replied, "One day it rained, one day I was drunk, and one day I was ill from wine." Wenxuan, taking his plain honesty for sincerity, let the matter pass with thirty strokes on the shins. His house stood in a low, marshy spot, and he put up a sign offering it for sale. When prospective buyers asked why, he always answered, "The house floods and the water won't drain—when it rains, it comes in under the bed." The house, not surprisingly, never sold. Such was the depth of his guileless honesty.
71
以兼散騎常侍，聘陳使主，以不稱免官。 後除任城太守，病不之官，卒於鄴。 贈驃騎大將軍、安州刺史。
While serving concurrently as Regular Attendant of the Cavalry, he headed the reception for a Chen envoy; judged unsatisfactory, he was removed from office. He was later made Administrator of Rencheng, but illness kept him from taking up the post, and he died at Ye. He was posthumously honored as General of Flying Cavalry and Governor of An province.
72
裴果，字戎昭，河東聞喜人也。 祖思賢，魏青州刺史。 父遵，齊州刺史。 果少慷慨有志略。 魏太昌中，為陽平郡丞。 周文帝曾使并州，與果遇。 果知非常人，密托附焉。 永安末，盜賊蜂起，果從軍征討。 乘黃驄馬，衣青袍，每先登陷陣，時人號為「黃驄年少。」 永熙中，授河北郡守。
Pei Guo, courtesy name Rongzhao, was a native of Wenxi in Hedong commandery. His grandfather Sixian was Governor of Qing province under Wei. His father Zun served as Governor of Qi province. From youth he was bold and far-seeing. During the Taichang era of Northern Wei, he served as assistant administrator of Yangping commandery. When Emperor Wen of Zhou was sent on a mission to Bing province, he met Guo. Guo recognized that he was no ordinary man and quietly pledged himself to his cause. At the end of the Yongan era, when banditry erupted everywhere, Guo took the field with the army. Mounted on a dappled yellow horse and dressed in a green robe, he always led the charge into the enemy lines; men called him the Young Yellow Piebald." In the Yongxi era he was appointed prefect of Hebei commandery.
73
及齊神武敗于沙苑，果乃率其宗党歸闕。 周文嘉之，賜田宅奴婢牛馬什物等。 從戰河橋，解玉壁圍； 摧鋒奮擊，所向披靡。 大統九年，又從戰芒山。 于周文前挺身陷陣，禽東魏都督賀婁焉邏蘭。 勇冠當時，眾人莫不嘆服。 以此周文愈親待之。 補帳內都督，遷帥都督、平東將軍。 後從開府楊忠平隨、安陸，以功加大都督，除正平郡守。 正平，果本郡也，以威猛為政，百姓畏之，資賊亦為之屏息。 遷司農卿。 又從大將軍尉遲迥伐蜀，果率所部為前軍。 開劍閣，破季慶堡，降楊乾運，皆有功。 廢帝三年，授龍州刺史，封冠軍縣侯。 俄而州人張遁、李拓驅率百姓，圍逼州城； 時糧仗皆闕，兵士又寡。 果設方略以拒之，賊便退走。 於是出兵追擊，累戰破之； 旬日之間，州境清晏。 轉陵州刺史。
After Gao Huan's defeat at Shayuan, Guo led his clansmen to surrender to the Zhou court. Emperor Wen was pleased and rewarded him with fields, houses, slaves, livestock, and household goods. He fought at the battle of Heqiao and broke the siege of Yubi; and wherever he struck with the vanguard, the enemy lines gave way. In the ninth year of Datong (543) he fought again at Mangshan. Before Emperor Wen's eyes he plunged into the enemy ranks and took captive the Eastern Wei commander Helou Yanluolan. His valor stood foremost among his peers, and all marveled at it. After this Emperor Wen held him in still greater favor. He was appointed Colonel Within the Tent, then promoted to Colonel Commander and General Who Pacifies the East. He later followed the Duke Yang Zhong in the conquest of Sui and Anlu, and for his merits was promoted to Grand Colonel and made prefect of Zhengping. Zhengping was his home commandery; he governed with stern force, and both the people and the brigands were cowed into silence. He was transferred to Minister of Agriculture. He again followed the Great General Yuchi Jiong in the campaign against Shu, leading his troops as vanguard. He took Jian Pass, stormed Ji Qing's fortress, and helped force the surrender of Yang Ganyun—all signal exploits. In the third year of the Deposed Emperor era, he was made Governor of Long province and created Marquis of Guanjun. Soon Zhang Dun and Li Tuo of the province stirred up the people and laid siege to the prefectural seat; Provisions and arms were scarce and his garrison was small. Guo laid plans to hold them off, and the rebels soon broke and fled. He then took the field in pursuit, winning a series of victories; and within ten days the province was pacified. He was transferred to Governor of Ling province.
74
周孝閔帝踐阼，除隆州刺史，加持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵為公。 曆眉、復二州刺史。 果性嚴猛，能斷決。 抑挫豪右，申理屈滯，曆牧數州，號為稱職。 卒於位。 贈本官，加絳、晉、建州刺史，諡曰質。 子孝仁嗣。
When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou took the throne, Guo was appointed Governor of Long province, granted the Staff of Authority, made General of Flying Cavalry and Opening Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes, and raised to the rank of duke. He served in turn as governor of Mei and Fu provinces. Guo was stern and fierce by nature and capable of firm, decisive judgment. He humbled local magnates, redressed neglected grievances, and over several provincial governorships earned a reputation for competent administration. He died in office. He was posthumously granted his former offices plus the governorships of Jiang, Jin, and Jian provinces, with the posthumous name Zhi. His son Xiaoren succeeded him.
75
孝仁幼聰敏，涉獵經史，有譽于時。 起家舍人上士，累遷長寧鎮將，扞禦齊人，甚有威邊之略。 曆建、譙、亳三州刺史。
Xiaoren was clever from childhood, read widely in the classics and histories, and won renown in his day. He entered office as Senior Clerk Among the Palace Attendants, rose to Defender-General of Changning, and in repelling Qi forces showed considerable talent for frontier defense. He held the governorships of Jian, Qiao, and Bo provinces in succession.
76
裴寬，字長寬，河東聞喜人也。 祖德歡，魏中書侍郎、河內郡守。 父靜慮，銀青光祿大夫，贈汾州刺史。 寬儀貌瑰偉，博涉群書，弱冠為州裏所稱。 親歿，撫諸弟以篤友聞，滎陽鄭孝穆嘗謂其從弟文直曰：「裴長寬兄弟，天倫篤睦，人之師表，吾愛之重之，汝可與之遊處。」 年十三，以選為魏孝明帝挽郎，釋褐員外散騎侍郎。
Pei Kuan, courtesy name Changkuan, was a native of Wenxi in Hedong commandery. His grandfather Dehuan served under Wei as Vice Director of the Secretariat and prefect of Henei commandery. His father Jinglü was a Silver Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and was posthumously honored as Governor of Fen province. Kuan was imposing in bearing, widely read, and was praised locally before he came of age. After their parents died, he raised his younger brothers and became known for devoted brotherhood. Zheng Xiaomu of Xingyang once said to his younger cousin Wenzhi, "The brothers of Pei Changkuan cherish one another as a model of family devotion—an example for all men. I love and respect them; you should seek their company." At thirteen he was selected as a mournful attendant at Emperor Xiaoming of Wei's funeral and, upon leaving that office, was appointed Supplementary Gentleman Attendant at the Palace in Ordinary.
77
及孝武西遷，寬謂其諸弟曰：「君臣逆順，大義昭然。 今天子西幸，理無東面以虧臣節。」 乃將家屬避難于大石嶺。 獨孤信鎮洛陽，始出見焉。 時汾州刺史韋子粲降於東魏，子粲兄弟在關中者咸已從坐。 其季弟子爽先在洛，窘急乃投寬，寬開懷納之。 遇有大赦，或傳子爽合免，因爾遂出，子爽卒以伏法。 獨孤信知而責之，寬曰：「窮來見歸，義無執送，今日獲罪，是所甘心。」 以經赦宥，遂得不坐。
When Emperor Xiaowu moved west, Kuan told his brothers, "The right and wrong of ruler and subject is plain for all to see. Now that the Son of Heaven has gone west, we cannot in reason turn east and fail in loyalty as subjects." He thereupon led his family to take refuge at Great Stone Ridge. When Dugu Xin was stationed at Luoyang, Kuan finally emerged to meet him. At the time Wei Zican, Governor of Fen province, had surrendered to Eastern Wei, and Zican's brothers still in the Guanzhong region had all been punished by association. His youngest nephew's son Shuang, who was already in Luoyang, came to Kuan in desperate straits, and Kuan received him with open arms. When a general amnesty was proclaimed, word spread that Shuang would be spared; on that belief Kuan let him go abroad, but Shuang was eventually put to death. Dugu Xin learned of this and rebuked him. Kuan said, "He came to me in distress; righteousness forbade handing him over. If I am punished today, I accept it willingly." Because an amnesty had been proclaimed, he was not punished.
78
大統五年，授都督、同軌防長史，加征虜將軍。 十三年，從防主韋法保向潁川，解侯景圍。 景密謀南叛，偽親狎於法保。 寬謂法保曰：「侯景狡猾，必不肯入關，雖托款於公，恐未可信。 若伏兵以斬之，亦一時之功也。 如曰不然，便須深加嚴警，不得信其誑誘，自貽後悔。」 法保納之。 然不能圖景，但自固而已。
In the fifth year of Datong (539) he was made Colonel and chief administrator of the Tonggui Defense Command, with the additional title General Who Pacifies the Barbarians. In the thirteenth year (547) he followed the garrison commander Wei Fabao toward Yingchuan and broke the siege by Hou Jing. Hou Jing secretly planned to rebel southward and feigned intimacy with Fabao. Kuan said to Fabao, "Hou Jing is cunning and will never enter the passes. Though he offers you his trust, I fear he cannot be believed. If you lay an ambush and execute him, that would be a signal achievement in its own right. If you disagree, then you must be on strict guard—do not heed his flattery and deceit, or you will bring regret on yourself." Fabao accepted his counsel. But he could not bring himself to move against Hou Jing and contented himself with strengthening his defenses.
79
十四年，與東魏將彭樂、樂恂戰於新城，因傷被禽。 至河陰，見齊文襄。 寬舉止詳雅，善於占對，文襄甚賞異之； 解鎖付館，厚加禮遇。 寬乃裁所臥氈，夜縋而出，因得遁還，見於周文帝。 帝顧謂諸公曰：「被堅執銳，或有其人； 疾風勁草，歲寒方驗。 裴長寬為高澄如此厚遇，乃能冒死歸我，雖古之竹帛所載，何以加之。」 乃手書署寬名下，授持節、帥都督，封夏陽縣男，即除孔城城主。
In the fourteenth year (548) he fought the Eastern Wei generals Peng Le and Yue Xun at Xincheng, was wounded, and was captured. At Heyin he was brought before Wenxiang of Qi. Kuan's bearing was dignified and refined and his responses apt; Wenxiang admired him greatly; his bonds were removed and he was lodged with generous honors. Kuan cut up the felt he slept on, lowered himself by rope at night, escaped back, and presented himself to Emperor Wen of Zhou. The emperor turned to the assembled officials and said, "To don armor and wield sharp weapons—there may be men for that; but the blast-wind and stiff grass are proved only in the bitter cold of winter. Pei Changkuan, though treated with such lavish favor by Gao Cheng, risked death to return to us—what the bamboo and silk of antiquity record can scarcely surpass this." He then wrote the appointment in his own hand under Kuan's name, granted him the Staff of Authority and the rank of Colonel Commander, created him Baron of Xiayang, and immediately appointed him warden of Kongcheng.
80
寬弟漢，字仲霄。 操尚弘雅，聰敏好學，嘗見人作百字詩，一覽便誦。 魏孝武初，解褐員外散騎侍郎。 大統五年，除大丞相府士曹行參軍，轉墨曹。 漢善尺牘，尤便簿領，理識明贍，斷割如流。 相府為之語曰「日下粲爛有裴漢。」 武成中，為司車路下大夫，與工部郭彥、太府高賓等參議格令。 每較量時事，必有條理。 天和五年，加車騎大將軍、儀同三司。
Kuan's younger brother Han, courtesy name Zhongxiao. He cherished lofty refinement in conduct, was bright and fond of learning; once when he saw someone compose a hundred-character poem, he read it once and could recite it. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowu of Wei's reign he left office and was appointed Supplementary Gentleman Attendant at the Palace in Cavalry. In the fifth year of Datong (539) he was made acting adjutant in the Personnel Section of the Grand Chancellor's office, then transferred to the Record Section. Han was skilled at correspondence and especially adept at ledger work; his judgment was clear and ample, and his decisions came like flowing water. They said at the chancellor's office, "Under this sun there shines the brilliant Pei Han." In the Wucheng era he was made Lower Grand Master of the Department of Chariots and Roads and, with Guo Yan of the Works Ministry and Gao Bin of the Treasury, deliberated on statutes and regulations. Whenever they weighed current policies, his arrangements were invariably ordered. In the fifth year of Tianhe (569) he was promoted to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes.
81
漢少有宿疾，恆帶虛羸，劇職煩官，非其好也。 時晉公護擅權，搢紳等多諂附之以圖仕進。 漢直道自守，故八年不徙職。 性不飲酒，而雅好賓遊。 每良辰美景，必招引時彥，宴賞留連，間以篇什，當時人物，以此重之。 自寬沒後，遂斷絕遊從，不聽琴瑟； 歲時伏臘，哀慟而已。 撫養兄弟子，情甚篤至。 借人異書，必躬自錄本，至於疾診彌年，亦未嘗釋卷。 卒，贈晉州刺史。
Han had suffered from chronic illness from youth and was always frail; taxing offices and heavy duties did not suit him. At the time Duke Jin Yuwen Hu held power, and many courtiers fawned upon him to advance their careers. Han kept to the upright path and therefore went eight years without a transfer. He did not drink, yet he loved to entertain guests. At every fine season and lovely vista he would summon eminent contemporaries for feasts that lingered into verse; men of the age held him in esteem for this. After Kuan died, he cut off all social outings and would not listen to music; At the seasonal festivals he mourned in grief, and that was all. He raised his brother's sons with the deepest devotion. When he borrowed rare books from others he always copied them by hand himself, and even through years of illness he never set a scroll aside. He died and was posthumously honored as Governor of Jin province.
82
子鏡人，少聰敏，涉獵經史。 為大將軍、譚公會記室參軍，累遷春官府都上士。 仕隋，位兵曹郎。 漢弟尼，字景尼，性弘雅，有器局，位禦正下大夫。 卒，贈隨州刺史。 子之隱，趙王招府記室參軍。 之隱弟師人，好學有識度，見稱于時。 起家秦王贄府記室參軍，仍兼侍讀。
His son Jingren was clever from youth and read widely in the classics and histories. He served as recorder on the staff of the Great General, the Duke of Tan, and rose to Senior Clerk in the Spring Office. Under Sui he reached the post of director in the Ministry of War. Han's younger brother Ni, courtesy name Jingni, was magnanimous and refined, possessed breadth of character, and served as Lower Grand Master of the Directorate of Corrective Measures. He died and was posthumously honored as Governor of Sui province. His son Zhiyin was recorder on the staff of Prince Zhao, Zhao. Zhiyin's younger brother Shiren was fond of learning and possessed discernment; he was praised in his day. He entered office as recorder on the staff of Prince Qin, Zan, and concurrently served as tutor-reader.
83
寬族弟鴻，少恭謹，有幹略。 曆官內外。 周天和初，拜郢州刺史，轉襄州總管府長史，賜爵高邑縣侯。 從衛公直南征，軍敗遂沒，尋卒于陳。 朝廷哀之，贈豐、資、遂三州刺史。
Kuan's clansman younger brother Hong was respectful and careful from youth and possessed practical talent. He served in posts inside and outside the capital. At the beginning of Tianhe under Zhou (566) he was appointed Governor of Ying province, transferred to chief administrator of the Xiangzhou Grand Commandant's office, and created Marquis of Gaoyi county. He followed Duke Wei Zhi on the southern campaign; the army was defeated and he was taken captive, and soon afterward died in Chen. The court mourned him and posthumously honored him as governor of Feng, Zi, and Sui provinces.
84
裴俠，字嵩和，河東解人也。 祖思齊，舉秀才，拜議郎。 父欣，西河郡守，贈晉州刺史。 俠年七歲，猶不能言。 後於洛城見群烏蔽天從西來，舉手指之而言。 遂志識聰慧，有異常童。 年十三，遭父憂，哀毀有若成人。 將擇葬地而行，空中有人曰：「童子何悲，葬于桑東，封公侯。」 俠懼，以告其母。 母曰：「神也，吾聞鬼神福善，爾家未嘗有惡，當以吉祥告汝耳。」 時俠宅側有大桑林，因葬焉。 州辟主簿，舉秀才。
Pei Xia, courtesy name Songhe, was a native of Jie in Hedong commandery. His grandfather Siqi passed the provincial examination and was appointed Gentleman Consultant. His father Xin was prefect of Xihe commandery and was posthumously honored as Governor of Jin province. Xia was seven years old and still could not speak. Later in Luoyang he saw a flock of crows covering the sky coming from the west; he pointed at them and spoke. From then on his mind was bright and he was no ordinary child. At thirteen he suffered his father's death and mourned with the grief of a grown man. As he was about to set out to choose a burial ground, a voice from the air said, "Child, why grieve? Bury him east of the mulberry grove and you shall be enfeoffed a duke or marquis." Xia was afraid and told his mother. His mother said, "It is a spirit. I have heard that ghosts and gods reward the good; our family has never done evil—it must bring you an auspicious word." At the time there was a great mulberry grove beside Xia's house, and there the burial was made. The province summoned him as chief clerk, and he passed the provincial examination.
85
魏正光中，解巾奉朝請，稍遷義陽郡守。 元顥入洛，使執其使人，焚其赦書。 孝莊嘉之，授東郡太守，帶防城別將。 及孝武與齊神武有隙，徵兵，俠率所部赴洛陽。 武衛將軍王思政謂曰：「當今權臣擅命，王室日卑，若何？」 俠曰：「宇文泰為三軍所推，居百二之地，所謂己操戈矛，寧肯授人以柄，雖欲撫之，恐是'據於蒺藜'也」。 思政曰：「奈何？」 俠曰：「圖歡有立至之憂，西巡有將來之慮。 且至關右，日慎一日，徐思其宜耳。」 思政然之，乃進俠于帝，授左中郎將。 及帝西遷，俠將行而妻子猶在東郡。 滎陽鄭偉謂俠曰：「天下方亂，未知烏之所集，何如東就妻子，徐擇木焉。」 俠曰：「既食人祿，甯以妻子易圖也？」 遂從入關。 賜爵清河縣伯，除丞相府士曹參軍。
During the Zhenguang era of Wei he took up office as Gentleman-in-Attendance and was gradually promoted to prefect of Yiyang commandery. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Xia had Yuan's envoys arrested and Yuan's amnesty edicts burned. Emperor Xiaozhuang praised him and appointed him Administrator of Dong commandery, concurrently serving as Separate Commander for the defense of the city. When Emperor Xiaowu fell out with Gao Huan and troops were mobilized, Xia led his command to Luoyang. General Wang Sien of the Martial Guard said to him, "Today the powerful minister holds unbridled authority and the royal house grows weaker by the day—what is to be done?" Xia said, "Yuwen Tai is the choice of the three armies and holds a land of strategic strength. He already holds the spear in his own hand—would he willingly yield the hilt to another? Even if you wish to win him over, I fear it would be like 'standing among burr thorns.'" Sien said, "Then what is to be done?" Xia said, "Gao Huan faces immediate peril, and the western journey brings cares for the future. Once we reach the Guanzhong region, let us be more cautious with each passing day and slowly consider what is fitting." Sien agreed, recommended Xia to the emperor, and Xia was appointed Left Commander of the Palace Guard. When the emperor moved west, Xia was about to depart though his wife and children remained in Dong commandery. Zheng Wei of Xingyang said to Xia, "The realm is in turmoil and no one knows where the birds will roost—why not go east to your wife and children and wait to choose your perch?" Xia said, "Having eaten another's salary, how could I trade my purpose for my wife and children?" He thereupon followed the emperor through the passes. He was granted the title of Marquis of Qinghe county and appointed Clerk in the Personnel Section of the Chancellor's household.
86
大統三年，領鄉兵從戰沙苑，先鋒陷陣。 俠本名協，至是周文帝嘉其勇決，乃曰：「仁者必勇。」 因命名俠焉。 以功進爵為侯。 王思政鎮玉壁，以俠為長史。 齊神武以書招思政，思政令俠草報書甚壯烈。 周文善之曰：「雖魯仲連無以加也。」 除河北郡守。
In the third year of Datong he led local militia to the battle at Shaye and as vanguard broke the enemy lines. Xia's original given name was Xie. At this point Emperor Wen of Zhou admired his courage and decisiveness and said, "The benevolent are necessarily brave." Accordingly he gave him the name Xia. For his merit he was advanced in rank to marquis. When Wang Sien was stationed at Yubi, he made Xia his chief administrator. Gao Huan sent a letter trying to win over Wang Sien; Sien had Xia draft the reply—a letter of remarkable defiance. Emperor Wen was pleased and said, "Even Lu Zhonglian could not surpass this." He was appointed Prefect of Hebei commandery.
87
俠躬履儉素，愛人如子，所食唯菽麥鹽菜而已，吏人莫不懷之。 此郡舊制，有漁獵夫三十人以供郡守。 俠曰：「以口腹役人，吾所不為也。」 乃悉罷之。 又有丁三十人，供郡守役，俠亦不以入私，並收庸為市官馬。 歲時既積，馬遂成群。 去職之日，一無所取。 人歌曰：「肥鮮不食，丁庸不取； 裴公貞惠，為世規矩。」 俠嘗與諸牧守俱謁周文，周文命俠別立，謂諸牧守曰：「裴俠清慎奉公，為天下之最。」 令眾中有如俠者，可與之俱立。 眾皆默然，無敢應者。 周文乃厚賜俠，朝野服焉，號為「獨立使君」。
Xia personally practiced thrift and simplicity, cared for people as for his own children, ate nothing but beans, wheat, salt, and vegetables, and none of his officials and people failed to hold him in affection. Under the old regulations of this commandery, thirty fishermen and hunters were assigned to serve the prefect. Xia said, "To press men into service for my palate is something I will not do." He thereupon abolished them all. There were also thirty corvée laborers assigned to serve the prefect; Xia would not use them for private ends either, but collected their labor fees to purchase horses for the market office. As the years passed, the horses eventually formed a herd. On the day he left office he took nothing with him. People sang, "Rich fare he would not eat, corvée labor he would not take; Lord Pei, upright and gracious, a model for the age." Once when Xia was paying a joint call on Emperor Wen with the various provincial governors, the emperor had Xia stand apart and said to the governors, "Pei Xia is pure, careful, and dutiful to the public weal—the finest in the realm." He ordered that anyone among the company comparable to Xia might stand together with him. All remained silent; none dared respond. Emperor Wen then richly rewarded Xia; court and countryside alike admired him, and he was called "the Unmatched Governor."
88
又撰九世伯祖《貞侯潛傳》，述裴氏清公，欲使後生奉而行之。 宗室中知名者，咸付一通。 從弟伯鳳、世彥時並為丞相府佐，笑曰：「人生仕進，須身名並裕，清苦若此，竟欲何為？」 俠曰：「夫清者蒞職之本，儉者持身之基。 況我大宗，世濟其美，故能存見稱於朝廷，沒流芳於典策。 今吾幸以凡庸，濫蒙殊遇，固其窮困，非慕名也。 志在自修，懼辱先也，翻被嗤笑，知復何言！」 伯鳳等慚而退。
He also compiled a biography of his ancestor nine generations back, Marquis of Integrity Qian, recounting the Pei family's tradition of upright public service, wishing the younger generation to uphold and follow it. All the notable men among the clan kindred received a copy each. His younger cousins Bofeng and Shiyan, who were then both aides in the Chancellor's household, laughed and said, "In pursuing an official career one must have both body and name well provided for—living in such austere poverty, what do you hope to accomplish?" Xia said, "Integrity is the root of holding office; frugality is the foundation of maintaining oneself. Moreover, our great house has generation after generation carried on this excellence, and so its members have won praise at court while living and left a fragrant name in the historical records after death. Now I happen by my mediocrity to have undeservedly received extraordinary favor; my poverty is by nature, not for the sake of renown. My aim is to cultivate myself, fearing to disgrace my ancestors—yet instead I am mocked. What more can I say!" Bofeng and the others withdrew in shame.
89
再遷郢州刺史，加儀同三司。 梁竟陵守孫皓、酂城守張建並以郡來附。 俠見之，密謂人曰：「皓目動言肆，輕於去就者也； 建神情審定，當無異心。」 乃馳啟其狀。 周文曰：「裴俠有鑒，深得之矣。」 遣大都督苻貴鎮竟陵，而酂城竟不遣監統。 及柳仲禮軍至，皓還以郢叛，卒如俠言。 尋轉大將軍、拓州刺史，徵拜雍州別駕。
He was again transferred to Governor of Ying province, with the added title of Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes. Sun Hao, defender of Jingling, and Zhang Jian, defender of Zan, both surrendered their commands to him. When Xia saw them, he said privately to someone, "Hao's eyes shift and his speech is unrestrained—he is a man careless in choosing sides; Jian's bearing is composed and steady; he should have no disloyal intent." He thereupon sent an urgent report describing their circumstances. Emperor Wen said, "Pei Xia has true discernment—he has seen the matter deeply." He dispatched Grand Commander Fu Gui to garrison Jingling, but sent no overseer to Zan. When Liu Zhongli's army arrived, Hao indeed turned and rebelled with Ying province—exactly as Xia had predicted. Soon afterward he was transferred to General-in-Chief and Governor of Tuo province, and was summoned and appointed Vice Administrator of Yong province.
90
周孝閔帝踐作，除司邑下大夫，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵為公。 遷戶部中大夫。 時有奸吏主守倉儲，積年隱沒至千萬者。 及俠在官，勵精發擿，數旬之內，奸盜略盡。 轉工部中大夫。 有大司空掌錢物典李貴乃於府中悲泣，或問其故，對曰：「所掌官物，多有費用，裴公清嚴有名，懼遭罪責，所以泣耳。」 俠聞之，許其自首。 貴自言隱費錢五百萬。
When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou took the throne, Xia was appointed Clerk of Lower Rank in the Office of Local Administration, made General of Flying Cavalry and Opening Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes, and raised in rank to duke. He was transferred to Clerk of Middle Rank in the Ministry of Population. At the time there were corrupt clerks in charge of granaries who over years had concealed amounts reaching into the millions. Once Xia took office he exerted himself to the utmost in investigation; within a few tens of days the corrupt and thieving were nearly all rooted out. He was transferred to Clerk of Middle Rank in the Ministry of Works. Li Gui, controller of funds and goods in the office of the Grand Minister of Works, wept in the ministry hall. When asked why, he replied, "The official goods under my charge have been much diverted; Master Pei is famed for his strict purity—I fear punishment, and so I weep." When Xia heard of it, he permitted him to confess voluntarily. Gui himself reported concealed expenditures of five million coins.
91
俠嘗遇疾沈頓，士友憂之。 忽聞五鼓，便即驚起，顧左右曰：「可向府耶。」 所苦因此而瘳。 晉公護聞之曰：「裴俠危篤若此而不廢憂公，因聞鼓聲，疾病遂愈，此豈非天祐其勤恪也？」 又司空許國公宇文貴、小司空北海公申征並來侯俠疾。 所居第屋，不免霜露。 貴等還，言之於帝。 帝矜其貧苦，乃為起宅，並賜良田十頃，奴隸耕耒糧粟莫不備足。 搢紳咸以為榮。 卒于位，贈太子少師、蒲州刺史，諡曰貞。 河北郡前功曹張回及吏人等感俠遺愛，乃作頌紀其清德焉。
Xia once fell gravely ill and lay prostrate; his fellow officials and friends were anxious for him. Suddenly he heard the fifth watch drum, immediately started up in alarm, and turning to those beside him said, "Can we now go to the ministry?" His illness was thereby cured. Duke Jin Yuwen Hu heard of it and said, "Pei Xia was so critically ill and yet did not cease his concern for public duty; on hearing the drum he recovered from his illness—is this not Heaven's blessing upon his diligence?" Also Grand Minister of Works Duke of Xuguo Yuwen Gui, Lesser Minister of Works Duke of Beihai Shen Zheng, and others all came to inquire after Xia's illness. The house where he lived was not proof against frost and dew. When Gui and the others returned, they reported this to the emperor. The emperor, moved by pity for his poverty, had a residence built for him and also granted him ten qing of fertile fields; slaves, farm implements, and grain were all fully supplied. The gentry regarded this as an honor. He died in office. Posthumously he was granted the titles of Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince and Governor of Pu province, with the posthumous name Zhen. Zhang Hui, former clerk recorder of Hebei commandery, and the other officials and clerks, moved by Xia's lingering kindness, composed a hymn commemorating his pure virtue.
92
子祥，性忠謹，有理劇才。 少為城都令，清不及俠，斷決過之。 後除長安令，為權貴所憚。 遷司倉下大夫。 俠之終也，以毀卒。 祥弟肅。
His son Xiang was loyal and careful by nature and had talent for handling difficult affairs. In youth he served as magistrate of Chengdu; he did not equal Xia in purity, but surpassed him in decisive judgment. Later he was appointed magistrate of Chang'an and was feared by the powerful and noble. He was transferred to Clerk of Lower Rank in the Office of Granaries. At Xia's end, he died of grief. Xiang's younger brother was Su.
93
肅字神封，貞亮有才藝。 少與安定梁毗同志友善。 天和中，舉秀才。 累遷禦正下大夫，以行軍長史從韋孝寬征淮南。 屬隋文帝為丞相，肅聞而歎曰：「武帝以雄才定六合，墳土未乾而一朝遷革，豈天道歟！」 文帝聞之，甚不悅，由是廢於家。 開皇五年，授膳部侍郎。 曆朔州總管長史、貝州長史，俱有能名。
Su, courtesy name Shenfeng, was upright, bright, and gifted in the arts. In youth he was of one mind with Liang Pi of Anding and they were close friends. During the Tianhe era he passed the provincial examination. He rose through repeated promotions to Clerk of Lower Rank in the Office of Imperial Rectitude, and as chief administrator on campaign followed Wei Xiaokuan in the expedition against Huainan. When Emperor Wen of Sui became chancellor, Su heard of it and sighed, saying, "Emperor Wu by heroic talent settled the realm; before the grave earth was dry the dynasty changed in a single morning—is this the way of Heaven?" When Emperor Wen heard of this he was deeply displeased, and Su was for that reason idle at home. In the fifth year of Kaihuang he was appointed Vice Director of the Ministry of Food. He served successively as chief administrator to the military governor of Shuozhou and chief administrator of Beizhou, and in each post earned a reputation for competence.
94
仁壽中，肅見皇太子勇、蜀王秀、左僕射高熲俱廢黜，遣使上書，言：「高熲天挺良才，元勳佐命，願錄其大功，忘其小過。 二庶人得罪已久，寧無革心，願各封小國，觀其所為。 若得遷善，漸更增益； 如或不悛，貶削非晚。」 書奏，上謂楊素曰：「肅憂我家事如此，亦至誠也。」 於是征肅入朝。 皇太子聞之，謂左庶子張衡曰：「使勇自新，欲何為也？」 衡曰：「觀肅意欲令如吳太伯、漢東海王耳。」 太子甚不悅。 肅至京，見上于含章殿。 上謂曰：「貴為天子，富有四海，後宮寵倖，不過數人，自勇以下，並皆同母，非為愛憎，輕事廢立。」 因言勇不可復收之意。 既已，罷遣之。 未幾，上崩。 煬帝嗣位，不得調者久之，肅亦杜門不出。 後執政者以嶺表遐遠，希旨授肅永平郡丞，甚得夷人心。 歲餘卒，夷獠思之，為立廟于鄣江之浦。 有子尚賢。
During the Renshou era Su saw that Crown Prince Yong, Prince of Shu Xiu, and Left Vice Director Gao Feng had all been deposed. He sent an envoy with a memorial saying, "Gao Feng was Heaven-endowed with fine talent and as founding minister aided in establishing the dynasty—I beg that his great services be recorded and his petty faults forgotten. The two disfranchised princes have been guilty a long time—might they not yet reform their hearts? I beg that each be granted a small state and that their conduct be observed. If they turn toward goodness, their standing may gradually be increased; If they do not amend, demotion and reduction will not come too late." When the memorial was submitted, the emperor said to Yang Su, "Su's concern for my family's affairs is so great—it is also true sincerity." Thereupon Su was summoned to court. When the crown prince heard of it, he said to Left Companion Zhang Heng, "Let Yong reform himself—what does he intend by that?" Heng said, "Judging by Su's intent, he means to have him like Wu Taibo or the Prince of Donghai of Han." The crown prince was deeply displeased. When Su reached the capital he was received by the emperor in Hanchang Hall. The emperor said to him, "Exalted as Son of Heaven, rich in the four seas, with favored consorts in the rear palace numbering no more than a few—Yong and those below him all share the same mother. It was not from favor or dislike that I lightly changed the succession." He then explained his view that Yong could not be recalled. When this was done, Su was dismissed and sent away. Before long the emperor died. When Emperor Yang succeeded to the throne, Su went long without appointment; he also closed his doors and did not go out. Later those in power, because the Ling region was remote, appointed Su to please the emperor's wishes as Assistant Prefect of Yongping commandery, and he won the hearts of the Yi peoples. After a year or more he died; the Yi and Liao peoples missed him and erected a shrine for him on the bank of the Zhang River. He had a son Shangxian.
95
裴文舉，字道裕，河東聞喜人也。 祖秀業，魏天水郡守，贈平州刺史。 父邃，性方嚴，為州裏所推挹。 大統三年，東魏來寇，邃乃糾合鄉人，分據險要以自固。 及李弼略地東境，邃為之鄉導，多所降下。 周文帝嘉之，特賞衣物，封澄城縣子。 卒于正平郡守，贈儀同三司、定州刺史。
Pei Wenju, courtesy name Daoyu, was a native of Wenxi in Hedong commandery. His grandfather Xiuye served as Prefect of Tianshui commandery in Wei and was posthumously granted Governor of Ping province. His father Sui was stern and upright by nature and was esteemed by his province and district. In the third year of Datong, when Eastern Wei invaded, Sui rallied the people of his district and seized strategic passes to hold his ground. When Li Bi swept the eastern frontier, Sui served as his local guide and many places surrendered. Emperor Wen of Zhou commended him, specially rewarded him with robes, and enfeoffed him as Viscount of Chengcheng county. He died while serving as Prefect of Zhengping commandery and was posthumously granted the title of Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes and the governorship of Ding province.
96
文舉少忠謹，涉獵經史。 大統十年，起家奉朝請。 時周文帝諸子年幼，盛簡賓友。 文舉以選與諸公子游，雅相欽敬，未嘗戲狎。 遷著作郎、中外府參軍。 恭帝二年，賜姓賀蘭氏。 周孝閔帝踐阼，襲爵澄城縣子。
Wenju from youth was loyal and careful and ranged widely through the classics and histories. In the tenth year of Datong he first took office as Gentleman for Court Attendance. At that time the sons of Emperor Wen of Zhou were still young, and he carefully selected companions for them. Wenju was chosen to keep company with the princes; they held one another in refined esteem, and he never treated them with levity or familiarity. He was transferred to Compiler in the Imperial Library and Staff Officer for Inner and Outer Headquarters Affairs. In the second year of Emperor Gong he was granted the surname Helan. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou took the throne, Wenju inherited the title of Viscount of Chengcheng county.
97
齊公憲初開幕府，以文舉為司錄。 及憲出鎮劍南，復以文舉為總管府中郎。 武成二年，就加使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 蜀土沃饒，商販百倍，或有勸文舉以利者，文舉答之曰：「利之為貴，莫若安身，身安則道隆。 非貨之謂，是以不為，非惡財也。」 憲矜其貧窶，每欲資給之。 文舉恆自謙遜，辭多受少。
When Duke of Qi Yuwen Xian first opened his headquarters, he appointed Wenju Registrar. When Yuwen Xian went out to garrison Jiannan, Wenju was again made Middle-Rank Officer in the overall headquarters. In the second year of Wucheng he received the added ranks of Bearer of the Staff, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes. Shu was fertile and rich, and merchant profits there ran tenfold higher; some urged Wenju to seek profit, and Wenju replied, "Of all things worth having, none surpasses keeping oneself secure; when the person is secure, the Way is exalted. That is not what wealth means—that is why I refuse, not because I hate riches." Yuwen Xian pitied his poverty and always wished to supply him. Wenju was always self-effacing, declining much and accepting little.
98
保定三年，遷絳州刺史。 邃之任正平也，以廉約自守。 每行春省俗，單車而已。 及文舉臨州，一遵其法，百姓美而化之。 總管韋孝寬特相欽重，每與談論，不覺膝前于席。 天和初，進驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，尋為孝寬柱國府司馬。 六年，入為司憲中大夫，進爵為伯，轉軍司馬。
In the third year of Baoding he was transferred to Governor of Jiang province. When Sui held office at Zhengping, he maintained himself through integrity and frugality. Whenever he made spring rounds to inspect local customs, he traveled with a single carriage and nothing more. When Wenju took the province, he followed his father's methods in every respect, and the people praised his conduct and were transformed by it. Overall commander Wei Xiaokuan especially esteemed him; whenever they conversed, he unawares leaned forward on his mat. At the opening of Tianhe he was promoted to General of Flying Cavalry and Opening Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes, and soon was appointed Marshal in Wei Xiaokuan's Pillar Duke headquarters. In the sixth year he entered court as Clerk of Middle Rank in the Office of the Censorate, was raised in rank to marquis, and was transferred to Army Marshal.
99
裴仁基，字德本，河東人也。 祖伯鳳，周汾州刺史。 父定，上儀同。 仁基少驍武，便弓馬。 平陳之役，以親衛從征，先登陷陣，拜儀同，賜物千段。 以本官領漢王諒府親信。 諒反，仁基苦諫見囚。 諒敗，超拜護軍。 後改授武賁郎將，從將軍李景討叛蠻向思多於黔安，以功進銀青光祿大夫。 擊破吐谷渾，加授金紫光祿大夫。 斬獲寇掠靺鞨，拜左光祿大夫。 從征高麗，進位光祿大夫。
Pei Renji, courtesy name Deben, was a native of Hedong. His grandfather Bofeng served as Governor of Fen province under Northern Zhou. His father Ding held the rank of Upper Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes. Renji from youth was fierce and martial, skilled with bow and horse. In the campaign against Chen he followed the expedition as a personal guard, was first to ascend and break the enemy lines, was granted the rank of Grandee with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes, and was rewarded with a thousand lengths of goods. With his existing rank he served as a trusted aide in Prince of Han Yang Liang's household. When Liang rebelled, Renji argued strenuously against it and was imprisoned. When Liang was defeated, Renji was promoted out of turn to Defender of the Army. Later he was reassigned as Captain of the Martial Guard, followed General Li Jing in suppressing the rebel Man chieftain Xiang Siduo at Qian'an, and for his merit was promoted to Silver-Crown Grand Master of Glorious Happiness. He defeated the Tuyuhun and was further granted the rank of Gold-Crown Grand Master of Glorious Happiness. He cut down and captured Mohe raiders and was appointed Left Grand Master of Glorious Happiness. He followed the expedition against Goguryeo and was advanced to Grand Master of Glorious Happiness.
100
李密據洛口，帝令仁基為河南道討捕大使，據武牢拒密。 仁基見強寇在前，士卒勞弊，所得軍資，即用分賞。 臨軍御史蕭懷靜止之，眾咸怒懷靜。 懷靜又陰持仁基長短，欲有奏劾。 仁基懼，殺懷靜，以其眾歸密。 密以為河東郡公。 其子行儼，驍勇善戰。 密復以為絳郡公，甚相委昵。
When Li Mi held Luokou, the emperor ordered Renji to serve as Commissioner for Pursuit and Capture on the Henan Circuit, holding Hulao to resist Li Mi. Renji saw a formidable enemy before him and his soldiers weary and worn; whatever military supplies he obtained he immediately distributed as rewards. Army-attached censor Xiao Huaijing forbade this, and all the men were furious with Huaijing. Huaijing also secretly collected evidence of Renji's faults and intended to impeach him. Renji, in fear, killed Huaijing and brought his troops over to Li Mi. Li Mi made him Duke of Hedong commandery. His son Xingyan was fierce, brave, and skilled in battle. Li Mi again made him Duke of Jiang commandery and entrusted him with great intimacy.
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王世充以東都食盡，悉眾詣偃師，求決戰。 密與諸將計。 仁基曰：「世充盡銳而至，洛下必虛。 可分兵守其要路，令不得東； 簡精兵三萬，傍河西出，以逼東都。 世充卻還，我且按甲。 世充重出，我又逼之。 如此，則我有餘力，彼勞奔命。 兵法所謂彼出我歸，彼歸我出，數戰以疲之，多方以誤之者也。」 密曰：「公知其一，不知其二。 東都兵馬有三不可當：器械精一也，決計而來二也，食盡求鬥三也。 我按兵蓄力以觀其弊，彼求鬥不得，欲走無路。 不過十日，世充之首可懸於麾下。」 單雄信等諸將輕世充，皆請戰。 仁基苦爭不得。 密難違諸將言，戰遂大敗。 仁基為世充所虜。 世充以仁基父子並驍勇，深禮之，以兄女妻行儼。 及僭尊號，署仁基為禮部尚書，行儼為左輔大將軍。 行儼每戰，所當皆披靡，號萬人敵。 世充憚其威名，頗加猜防。 仁基知之，甚不自安，遂與世充所署尚書左丞宇文儒童、尚食直長陳謙、秘書丞崔德本等謀。 令陳謙於上食之際，持匕首劫世充，行儼以兵應之。 事定，然後輔越王侗。 事臨發，將軍張童兒告之，俱為世充所殺。
Wang Shichong, because the Eastern Capital's food was exhausted, led his entire force to Yanshi to seek a decisive battle. Li Mi consulted with his generals. Renji said, "Wang Shichong has brought his full strength—Luoyang below must be weak. We can divide our forces to hold the key routes and keep him from advancing east; select thirty thousand elite troops to march out along the west bank of the river and press the Eastern Capital. When Wang Shichong turns back, we hold our arms at rest. When Wang Shichong comes out again, we press him once more. In this way we keep our strength in reserve while they wear themselves out rushing back and forth. This is what the art of war calls: when they go out we rest, when they return we go out—fight repeated battles to wear them down and use many stratagems to confound them." Li Mi said, "You know one part but not the other. The Eastern Capital's troops have three reasons they cannot be withstood: their arms are refined—that is the first; they have come resolved to fight—that is the second; their food is exhausted and they seek battle—that is the third. We hold our arms and conserve strength to watch for their weakness; they seek battle and cannot obtain it, and if they wish to flee there is no road. In no more than ten days, Wang Shichong's head can be hung beneath your banner." The generals Shan Xiongxin and the others looked down on Wang Shichong and all requested battle. Renji argued strenuously but could not prevail. Li Mi found it hard to go against what the generals said, and the battle ended in a great defeat. Renji was captured by Wang Shichong. Wang Shichong, because Renji and his son were both fierce and brave, treated them with deep courtesy and gave his elder brother's daughter in marriage to Xingyan. When he usurped the imperial title, he appointed Renji Minister of Rites and Xingyan Grand General of the Left Companion. Whenever Xingyan fought, none who faced him failed to scatter; he was called a match for ten thousand men. Wang Shichong feared their formidable reputation and added considerable suspicion and precaution. Renji, knowing this, was deeply uneasy, and thereupon plotted with Yuwen Rutong, Left Assistant in the Ministry of Rites under Wang Shichong's regime, Chen Qian, Direct Attendant of the Office of Imperial Food, Cui Deben, Secretary of the Secretariat, and others. They ordered Chen Qian, at the moment of the emperor's meal, to seize Wang Shichong at dagger-point, while Xingyan would respond with troops. Once the affair was settled, they would then assist Prince of Yue Yang Tong. As the plot was about to be launched, General Zhang Tong'er reported it, and they were all killed by Wang Shichong.
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論曰：裴駿雅業有資，器行仍世，所以布於列位，不替其美。 延俊器能位望，有可稱乎。 伯茂才名，亦時之良也。 元化以文學傳業，而又修史著美。 讓之弟兄，修身厲行，觀夫出處之跡，良足稱乎。 矩學涉經史，頗有幹局。 至於恪勤匪懈，夙夜在公，求之古人，殆未之有。 與聞政事，多曆歲年，雖處危亂之中，未虧廉謹之節。 然與時消息，承望風旨，使高昌入朝，伊吾獻地； 聚糧且末，師出玉門，關右騷然，頗亦矩之由矣。 果及長寬，早知去就。 而寬淪跡異域，蓋乃命乎。 嵩和廉約居身，忠勤奉上，人懷其惠，吏畏其威，雖古之良吏，何以加此。 肅曆官周、隋，志存鯁正。 竟而忠誠慷慨，犯忤龍鱗，固知嫠婦憂宗周之亡，處女悲太子之少，非徒語也。 文舉之在絳州，世載清德，辭多受少，有廉讓之風焉。 仁基以武略見知，自升顯級，竟而蹈履非所，身名隳壞，時也。
The historian writes: Pei Jun had refined learning and solid endowment; talent and conduct persisted generation after generation—hence they filled the ranks of office without losing their excellence. Yanjun's capacity and standing deserve praise, do they not? Bomao's talent and reputation likewise made him a worthy man of his age. Yuanhua passed down his literary calling and further won renown through historiography. The brothers Rangzhi cultivated themselves and toughened their conduct—judged by the record of how they entered and left office, they are indeed worthy of praise. Ju's learning ranged through the classics and histories, and he possessed considerable practical capacity. As for his tireless diligence and constant devotion to public duty—search among the ancients and you would scarcely find his equal. He took part in government over many years; though he lived amid turmoil, he never lost his integrity and prudence. Yet he read the times and deferred to prevailing intent, bringing Gaochang to court and winning the submission of Yiwu's territory; stockpiling grain at Qiemo and sending armies out through Yumen Pass—the disturbances in the lands west of the Pass owed much to Ju as well. Guo and Changkuan understood early when to stay and when to leave. Yet Kuan ended his days in a foreign land—perhaps that was fate. Songhe lived simply and frugally, served loyally and diligently—the people cherished his kindness, officials feared his authority; even the good magistrates of old could scarcely surpass this. Su served through Zhou and Sui, his aim pure and upright. In the end his loyal fervor led him to offend the dragon's scales—one truly knows the widow mourning Zhou's fall, the maiden grieving the crown prince's youth; these were no mere figures of speech. Wenju's tenure in Jiang province continued a hereditary tradition of pure virtue; declining much and accepting little, he had a reputation for integrity and modesty. Renji was recognized for martial strategy and rose to eminent rank, yet in the end walked paths ill suited to him and destroyed both body and name—such was the time.
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