Volume 65 Biographies 53: Da Xiwu, Ruo Ganhui, Yi Feng, Liu Liang, Wang De, He Lianda, Han Guo, Cai You, Chang Shan, Xin Wei, She Dichang, Liang Chun, Liang Tai, Tian Hong

達奚武若干惠怡峰劉亮王德赫連達韓果蔡祐常善辛威厙狄昌梁椿梁臺田弘

Da Xiwu, Ruo Ganhui, Yi Feng, Liu Liang, Wang De, He Lianda, Han Guo, Cai You, Chang Shan, Xin Wei, She Dichang, Liang Chun, Liang Tai, and Tian Hong

列傳第五十三

Biographies 53

達奚武若干惠怡峰劉亮王德赫連達韓果蔡祐常善辛威厙狄昌梁椿梁台田弘子仁恭孫德懋

Da Xiwu, Ruo Ganhui, Yi Feng, Liu Liang, Wang De, He Lianda, Han Guo, Cai You, Chang Shan, Xin Wei, She Dichang, Liang Chun, Liang Tai, Tian Hong; [son:] Ren Gong; [grandson:] Demao

達奚武，字成興，代人也。祖眷，父長，並為鎮將。武少倜儻好馳射，賀拔岳征關右，引為別將。及岳為侯莫陳悅所害，武與趙貴收屍歸平涼，同翊載周文帝。從平悅，封須昌縣伯。大統初，自大丞相府中兵參軍出為東秦州刺史。齊神武與竇泰、高敖曹三道來侵，周文欲並兵擊泰，諸將多異議，唯武及蘇綽與周文意同，遂禽之。周文進圖弘農，遣武從兩騎覘候。武與其候奇遇，即交戰，斬六級，獲三人而反。齊神武趣沙苑，周文復遣武覘之。武從三騎，皆衣敵人衣，至暮，下馬潛聽其軍號，曆營若警夜者，有不如法者，往往撻之。具知敵情以告，周文遂從破之。進爵高陽郡公。

Da Xiwu, courtesy name Chengxing, was a native of Dai. His grandfather Juan and his father Chang had both served as garrison commanders. In his youth Wu was bold and free-spirited and loved horsemanship and archery. When Heba Yue campaigned in the Guanxi region, Wu was appointed a separate commander. When Yue was killed by Houmochen Yue, Wu and Zhao Gui recovered the body and returned to Pingliang, where together they supported the carriage to install Emperor Wen of Zhou. After the pacification of Yue, he was enfeoffed as Count of Xuchang. At the beginning of the Datong era, he was transferred from military adjutant in the Grand Chancellor's office to Regional Inspector of Dongqin. When Gao Huan invaded along three routes with Dou Tai and Gao Aocao, Emperor Wen of Zhou wished to concentrate forces and strike Dou Tai. Most of the generals disagreed; only Wu and Su Chuo shared his view, and they consequently captured Tai. Emperor Wen advanced to besiege Hongnong and sent Wu with two horsemen to scout. Wu unexpectedly encountered enemy scouts and immediately joined battle. He cut off six heads, captured three men, and returned. When Gao Huan hurried to Shaya, Emperor Wen again sent Wu to reconnoiter. Wu rode with three men, all dressed in enemy clothing. By evening he dismounted and secretly listened to their army passwords, passing through the camps like a night watchman; whenever anyone was out of line, he often beat them. Having learned the enemy situation in full, he reported it, and Emperor Wen thereupon broke and defeated them. His rank was advanced to Duke of Gaoyang.

四年，周文援洛陽，武為前鋒，與李弼破莫多婁貸文。又進至河橋，力戰，斬其司徒高敖曹。再遷雍州刺史。復從戰芒山，時大軍不利，齊神武乘勝進軍至陝。武禦之，乃退。十七年，詔武經略漢川。梁梁州刺史宜豐侯蕭修固守南鄭。武圍之，修請服。會梁武陵王遣其將楊乾運等救修，修更不下。武擊走乾運，修乃降。自斂門以北悉平。明年，振旅還京師。朝議欲以武為柱國，武曰：「我作柱國，不應在元子孝前。」固辭。以大將軍出鎮玉壁。

In the fourth year, when Emperor Wen came to the relief of Luoyang, Wu served as vanguard and together with Li Bi defeated Mo Duolou Daiwen. Advancing further to Heqiao, he fought fiercely and beheaded their Minister of Works, Gao Aocao. He was transferred again to Regional Inspector of Yongzhou. He again followed into battle at Mangshan. At the time the main army was at a disadvantage, and Gao Huan pressed his victory and marched as far as Shan. Wu resisted him, and Gao Huan then withdrew. In the seventeenth year, an edict ordered Wu to conduct military operations in Hanzhong. Xiao Xiu, Marquis of Yifeng and Liangzhou inspector for the Liang, held firm at Nanzheng. Wu besieged him, and Xiu requested to surrender. Just then the Prince of Wuling of Liang sent his generals Yang Qianyun and others to rescue Xiu, and Xiu again refused to surrender. Wu routed Qianyun, and Xiu then surrendered. Everything north of Shimen was entirely pacified. The next year he led his troops back to the capital. At court it was proposed to appoint Wu as Pillar of State. Wu said, "If I am made Pillar of State, I ought not to rank ahead of Yuenzi Xiao. He firmly declined. As Grand General he went out to garrison Yubi.

周孝閔帝踐祚，授柱國、大司寇。齊北豫州刺史司馬消難舉州來附，詔武與楊忠迎消難以歸。武成實，轉大宗伯，進封鄭國公。齊將斛律敦侵汾、絳，武禦之，敦退。武築柏壁城，留開府權嚴、薛羽生守之。保定三年，遷太保。其年，大軍東伐，隨公楊忠引突厥自北道，武以三萬騎自東道期會晉陽。武至平陽，後期不進，而忠已還，武尚未知。齊將斛律明月遣武書曰：「鴻鶴已翔於寥廓，羅者猶視於沮澤也。」武覽書，乃班師。出為同州刺史。明年，從晉公護東伐。時尉遲迥圍洛陽，為敵所敗。武與齊王憲於芒山禦之。至夜，收軍。憲欲待明更戰。武曰：「洛陽軍散，人情駭動，不因夜速還，明日欲歸不得。」憲從之，遂全軍而返。天和三年，轉太傅。

When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou acceded to the throne, Wu was appointed Pillar of State and Grand Minister of Justice. Sima Xiaonan, Regional Inspector of Beiyu in Qi, raised the province and defected. An edict ordered Wu and Yang Zhong to welcome Xiaonan back. After Wu accomplished the mission, he was transferred to Grand Director of Ceremonies and advanced to Duke of Zheng. The Qi general Hulu Dun invaded Fen and Jiang. Wu resisted him, and Dun withdrew. Wu built Boibi city and left the opening-generals Quan Yan and Xue Yusheng to defend it. In the third year of Baoding, he was transferred to Grand Mentor. That year the main army marched east to attack. Duke of Sui Yang Zhong led the Turks by the northern route, while Wu with thirty thousand cavalry took the eastern route to rendezvous at Jinyang. Wu reached Pingyang but was late and did not advance, while Zhong had already returned—Wu did not yet know this. The Qi general Hulu Mingyue sent Wu a letter saying, "The swan has already soared into the vast sky, yet the fowler still gazes at the marsh. Wu read the letter and then withdrew his army. He went out as Regional Inspector of Tongzhou. The next year he followed Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu on the eastern campaign. At the time Yuchi Jiong was besieging Luoyang and was defeated by the enemy. Wu and Prince of Qi Yuwen Xian resisted at Mangshan. At night they recalled the army. Xian wished to wait until dawn and fight again. Wu said, "The army at Luoyang has scattered and the people's hearts are shaken with alarm. If we do not quickly return by night, tomorrow we will not be able to go home. Xian followed his advice, and they returned with the whole army intact. In the third year of Tianhe, he was transferred to Grand Preceptor.

武微時，奢侈好華飾。及居重位，不持威儀，行常單馬，左右從一兩人而已，門外不施戟，恆晝掩一扉。或謂曰：「公位冠群後，何輕率若是？」武曰：「吾昔在布衣，豈望富貴！今日富貴，不可頓忘疇昔。且天下未平，國恩未報，安可過事威容乎？」言者慚而退。武之在同州，時旱，武帝敕武祀華嶽。嶽廟舊在山下，常所祈禱。武謂僚屬曰：「吾備位三公，不能燮理陰陽，不可同於眾人，在常祀所，必須登峰展誠，尋其聖奧。」岳既高峻，人跡罕通。武年逾六十，唯將數人攀藤而上，於是稽首祈請。晚不得還，即于嶽上藉草而宿。夢一白衣來執武手曰：「快辛苦。」甚相嘉尚。武遂驚覺，益用祗肅。至旦，雲霧四起，俄而澍雨，遠近沾洽。武帝聞之，璽書勞武，賜彩百匹。

In his early years Wu was extravagant and fond of fine adornment. After he attained high rank, he did not maintain imposing ceremonial display. He usually traveled with a single horse and only one or two attendants; outside his gate he did not set up halberds, and by day he always kept only one leaf of the double door closed. Someone said to him, "Your eminence stands above all the nobles—why are you so careless? Wu said, "In the past when I was a commoner, how could I have hoped for wealth and rank! Now that I have wealth and rank, I cannot suddenly forget the past. Besides, the realm is not yet pacified and the grace of the state is not yet repaid—how can I indulge in excessive pomp and ceremony? The speaker withdrew in shame. While Wu was at Tongzhou, there was drought. Emperor Wu ordered Wu to offer sacrifice to Mount Hua. The temple of the peak had long stood at the foot of the mountain and was the usual place for prayer. Wu said to his staff, "I hold one of the three highest offices yet cannot harmonize yin and yang—I cannot be the same as the multitude. Rather than worship at the usual shrine, I must climb to the summit to display sincerity and seek the sacred mystery. The peak was lofty and steep, and human tracks rarely passed there. Wu was over sixty years old. He took only a few men and climbed upward by grasping vines, and there he bowed his head and prayed. At evening he could not return and so slept on the mountain on piled grass. He dreamed a man in white came, took Wu's hand, and said, "You have toiled greatly. He showed much admiration for him. Wu awoke with a start and became even more reverent. At dawn clouds and mist rose on four sides; before long a timely rain fell, soaking the region near and far. When Emperor Wu heard of it, he sent an imperial letter commending Wu and bestowed a hundred bolts of colored silk.

震字猛略。少驍勇，走及奔馬。周文嘗於渭北校獵，時有兔過周文前，震與諸將競射之，馬倒而墜。震足不傾躓，因步走射之，一發中兔。顧馬才起，遂回身騰上。周文喜曰：「非此父不生此子。」乃賜震雜彩一百段。後封魏昌縣公。明帝初，拜司右中大夫，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。武成初，進爵廣平郡公，除華州刺史。震雖出自膏腴，少習武藝，然頗有政術。天和六年，拜柱國。建德初，襲爵鄭國公。從平鄴，賜妾二人、女樂一部，拜大宗伯。震父嘗為此職，時論榮之。宣政中，出為原州總管。隋開皇初，薨於家。

Zhen, courtesy name Menglue. In his youth he was fierce and brave and could run as fast as a galloping horse. Emperor Wen of Zhou once held a hunt north of the Wei River. When a rabbit ran before him, Zhen and the other generals competed to shoot it. Zhen's horse fell and he tumbled off. Zhen's feet did not falter; he walked and shot on foot, and with one shot hit the rabbit. When he looked back, the horse had just risen; he turned and leaped back into the saddle. Emperor Wen said with delight, "Without such a father, such a son would not be born. He then bestowed on Zhen a hundred rolls of mixed colored silk. Later he was enfeoffed as Duke of Weichang. At the beginning of the Ming reign, he was appointed Director of the Right in the Ministry of Works, with the additional titles Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies. At the beginning of the Wucheng reign, his rank was advanced to Duke of Guangping and he was appointed Regional Inspector of Huazhou. Although Zhen came from a wealthy family and had learned military arts from youth, he nevertheless possessed considerable skill in governance. In the sixth year of Tianhe, he was appointed Pillar of State. At the beginning of Jiande, he inherited the title Duke of Zheng. After the pacification of Ye, he was granted two concubines and a company of female musicians and was appointed Grand Director of Ceremonies. Zhen's father had once held this office; at the time opinion counted it an honor. During the Xuanzheng period, he went out as Grand Governor of Yuanzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang in Sui, he died at home.

震弟惎，大象末，為益州刺史，與王謙據蜀起兵，被誅。

Zhen's younger brother Ji, at the end of the Daxiang reign, was Regional Inspector of Yizhou. He joined Wang Qian in raising troops and holding Shu, and was executed.

若干惠，字惠保，代武川人也。其先與魏俱起，以國為姓。父樹利周，從魏廣陽王深征葛榮，戰沒，贈冀州刺史。惠以別將從賀拔嶽，以功封北平縣男。及岳為侯莫陳悅所害，惠與寇洛、趙貴等同謀翊戴周文。仍從平悅，拜直閣將軍。從禽竇泰，復弘農，破沙苑，惠每先登陷陣。加侍中、開府儀同三司、封長樂郡公。大統四年，從魏文帝東巡洛陽，與齊神武戰於河橋，力戰破之。七年，遷領軍。及高仲密舉北豫州來附，周文迎之。軍至洛陽，齊神武屯於芒山。惠為右軍，與中軍大破之。齊神武兵乃萃左軍，軍將趙貴等戰不利。會日暮，齊神武進兵攻惠，惠擊之，皆披靡。至夜中，神武騎復來追惠。惠徐下馬，顧命廚人營食。食訖，謂左右曰：「長安死，此中死，異乎？」乃建旗鳴角，收軍而還。神武追騎憚惠，疑有伏兵，不敢逼。至弘農，見周文，陳賊形勢，恨其垂成之功，虧於一簣，噓唏不自勝。周文壯之，遷司空。惠性剛質，有勇力，容貌魁岸。善於撫禦，將士莫不懷恩。及侯景內附，朝議欲收輯河南，令惠以本官鎮魯陽。遇病，薨於軍。

Ruo Ganhui, courtesy name Huibao, was a native of Wuchuan in Dai. His ancestors had risen together with Wei and took the state name as their surname. His father Shulizhou followed Prince Shen of Guangyang of Wei in campaigning against Ge Rong, died in battle, and was posthumously enfeoffed as Regional Inspector of Ji. Hui served as a separate commander under Heba Yue and by merit was enfeoffed as Baron of Beiping. When Yue was killed by Houmochen Yue, Hui together with Kou Luo, Zhao Gui, and others jointly plotted to support and install Emperor Wen of Zhou. He still followed in pacifying Yue and was appointed General of the Direct Gate. He followed in capturing Dou Tai, recovering Hongnong, and breaking Shaya; in each case Hui was first to ascend and break through the enemy lines. He was given the additional titles Palace Attendant, Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies, and Duke of Changle. In the fourth year of Datong, he followed Emperor Wen of Wei on the eastern tour to Luoyang and fought Gao Huan at Heqiao, fighting fiercely and defeating him. In the seventh year, he was transferred to Commander of the Army. When Gao Zhongmi raised Beiyu province and defected, Emperor Wen of Zhou went to welcome him. When the army reached Luoyang, Gao Huan encamped at Mangshan. Hui commanded the right wing and together with the center army thoroughly defeated them. Gao Huan's troops then massed against the left wing; the generals Zhao Gui and others fought without success. As dusk fell, Gao Huan advanced to attack Hui. Hui struck back and routed them all. By midnight Gao Huan's cavalry came in pursuit of Hui again. Hui slowly dismounted and ordered the cook to prepare a meal. When the meal was finished, he said to those beside him, "To die in Chang'an or to die here—what difference is there? He then raised banners and sounded horns, recalled the army, and returned. Gao Huan's pursuing cavalry feared Hui, suspected an ambush, and did not dare press close. When he reached Hongnong and saw Emperor Wen of Zhou, he reported the enemy situation, grieving that victory had slipped away at the last moment, and sighed uncontrollably. Emperor Wen admired him and appointed him Minister of Works. Hui was firm and straightforward by nature, possessed courage and strength, and had an imposing appearance. He was skilled at winning over and commanding his troops; officers and soldiers alike cherished his kindness. When Hou Jing defected to the Zhou, the court resolved to secure Henan and ordered Hui, retaining his existing office, to garrison Luyang. He fell ill and died in camp.

鳳字達摩，有識度。襲父爵長樂郡公，尚周文女。位開府儀同三司、大馭中大夫。後錄惠佐命功，封鳳徐國公，拜柱國。

Feng, courtesy name Damo, was a man of discernment and breadth of view. He inherited his father's title Duke of Changle and married a daughter of Emperor Wen of Zhou. He held the posts of Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and Director in the Ministry of the Imperial Stud. Later, in recognition of Hui's merit in assisting the founding, Feng was enfeoffed as Duke of Xu and appointed Pillar of State.

怡峰，字景阜，遼西人也。本姓默台，因避難改焉。高祖寬，燕遼西郡守，魏道武時歸朝，拜羽真，賜爵長蛇公。曾祖文，冀州刺史。峰少以驍勇聞。從賀拔岳討万俟醜奴，賜爵蒲陰縣男。岳被害，峰與趙貴等同謀翊戴周文，進爵為伯。及齊神武與孝武帝構隙，文帝令峰與都督趙貴赴洛陽。至潼關，孝武西遷，峰即從周文帝拔回洛，復潼關。後以討曹泥功，進爵華陽縣公。又從破竇泰于小關。復弘農，破沙苑，進爵樂陵郡公。仍與元季海、獨孤信復洛陽。東魏行台任祥率步騎萬餘攻潁川，峰復以輕騎五百邀擊，大破之。自是威名轉盛。加授開府儀同三司。及周文與東魏戰河橋，時峰為左軍，不利，與李遠先還，周文遂班師。詔原其罪。拜夏州刺史。大統十五年，東魏圍潁川，峰與趙貴赴援。至南陽，病卒。峰沈毅有膽略，得士卒心，當時號驍將。周文嗟悼者久之。贈華州刺史，諡曰襄威。

Yi Feng, courtesy name Jingfu, was a native of Liaoxi. His original surname was Motai; he changed it when he took refuge from turmoil. His great-grandfather Kuan was Administrator of Liaoxi in Yan. At the time of Emperor Daowu of Wei he submitted to the court, was appointed yuzhen, and was granted the title Duke of Changshe. His great-great-grandfather Wen served as Regional Inspector of Ji. In his youth Feng was known for fierce bravery. He followed Heba Yue in campaigning against Moqi Chounu and was granted the title Baron of Puyin. When Yue was killed, Feng together with Zhao Gui and others jointly plotted to support and install Emperor Wen of Zhou, and his rank was advanced to count. When Gao Huan and Emperor Xiaowu of Wei fell into discord, Emperor Wen ordered Feng and Commander-in-chief Zhao Gui to go to Luoyang. When they reached Tong Pass, Emperor Xiaowu moved west. Feng then followed Emperor Wen of Zhou in retaking Luoyang and recovering Tong Pass. Later, for merit in campaigning against Cao Ni, his rank was advanced to Duke of Huayang. He again followed in defeating Dou Tai at Xiaoguan. He recovered Hongnong and broke Shaya, and his rank was advanced to Duke of Leling. He then joined Yuan Jihai and Dugu Xin in recovering Luoyang. Ren Xiang, Eastern Wei mobile headquarters commander, led more than ten thousand infantry and cavalry to attack Yingchuan. Feng again intercepted them with five hundred light cavalry and routed them. From this his martial renown grew ever greater. He was additionally granted the title Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies. When Emperor Wen of Zhou fought Eastern Wei at Heqiao, Feng commanded the left wing. The battle went badly, and he returned ahead with Li Yuan, whereupon Emperor Wen withdrew the army. An edict pardoned his offense. He was appointed Regional Inspector of Xiazhou. In the fifteenth year of Datong, Eastern Wei besieged Yingchuan. Feng and Zhao Gui went to the relief. When he reached Nanyang, he died of illness. Feng was steady and resolute, possessed courage and strategy, and won the hearts of officers and soldiers. At the time he was known as a fierce general. Emperor Wen of Zhou mourned him for a long time. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Regional Inspector of Huazhou, with the posthumous title Xiangwei.

子昂嗣。位開府儀同三司。朝廷追錄峰功，封昂郡公。

His son Ang succeeded him. He held the post of Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies. The court posthumously recorded Feng's merit and enfeoffed Ang as a commandery duke.

昂弟光，少以峰勳，賜爵安平縣侯，加開府儀同三司。

Ang's younger brother Guang, by virtue of Feng's merit from youth, was granted the title Marquis of Anping and given the additional title Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies.

光弟春，少知名，位吏部下大夫、儀同三司。

Guang's younger brother Chun was known from youth. He held the posts of Director in the Ministry of Personnel and ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies.

劉亮，中山人也，本名道德。父特真，位領人酋長。魏大統中，以亮著勳，追贈恆州刺史。亮少倜儻，有從橫計略，姿貌魁傑，見者憚之。以都督從賀拔嶽西征，以功封廣興縣子。侯莫陳悅害嶽，亮與諸將謀迎周文。及平悅後，悅党豳州刺史孫定兒仍據州不下，眾至數萬。周文令亮襲之。定兒以義兵猶遠，未為之備。亮乃輕將二十騎，先豎一纛于近城高嶺，即馳入城中。定兒方置酒高會，卒見亮至，眾皆駭愕。亮乃麾兵斬定兒，懸首州門，號令賊黨。仍遙指城外纛，命二騎曰：「出追大軍。」賊党兇懼，一時降服。及周文置十二軍，簡諸將領之，亮領一軍。每征討，常與怡峰俱為騎將。以復潼關功，封饒陽縣伯。尋加侍中。從禽竇泰，復弘農，虞沙苑，並力戰有功。遷開府儀同三司、大都督，進爵長廣公。以母憂去職，居喪毀瘠。周文嗟其至性，每憂惜之。起復本官。亮以勇敢見知，為當時名將，兼屢陳謀策，多合機宜。周文謂曰：「卿文武兼資，即孤之孔明也。」乃賜名亮，並賜姓侯莫陳氏。出為東雍州刺史，為政清靜，百姓安之。卒於州。喪還京，周文親臨之，泣而謂人曰：「股肱喪矣，腹心何寄！」令鴻臚卿臨護喪事，追贈太尉，諡曰襄。後配餉周文廟廷。子昶嗣。

Liu Liang was a native of Zhongshan; his original name was Daode. His father Tezhen held the post of tribal chieftain. In the Datong era of Wei, because of Liang's outstanding merit, his father was posthumously enfeoffed as Regional Inspector of Hengzhou. In his youth Liang was bold and free-spirited and possessed stratagems of alliance and opposition. His appearance was towering and outstanding, and those who saw him feared him. As commander he followed Heba Yue on the western campaign and by merit was enfeoffed as Viscount of Guangxing. When Houmochen Yue killed Yue, Liang and the other generals plotted to welcome Emperor Wen of Zhou. After Yue was pacified, Yue's partisan Sun Ding'er, Regional Inspector of Binzhou, still held the province and would not submit. His followers numbered in the tens of thousands. Emperor Wen of Zhou ordered Liang to raid him. Ding'er, thinking the relief army was still far away, made no preparations. Liang then took only twenty horsemen, first erected a banner on a high ridge near the city, and immediately galloped into the city. Ding'er was just holding a grand banquet when suddenly he saw Liang arrive. The crowd was struck with alarm. Liang then commanded his troops to behead Ding'er, hung the head at the provincial gate, and issued orders to the rebel band. He then pointed from afar to the banner outside the city and ordered two horsemen, "Go out and pursue the main army. The rebel band, fierce and fearful, submitted all at once. When Emperor Wen of Zhou established the twelve armies and selected generals to command them, Liang commanded one army. On every campaign he regularly served as cavalry general together with Yi Feng. For merit in recovering Tong Pass, he was enfeoffed as Count of Raoyang. Soon he was given the additional title Palace Attendant. He followed in capturing Dou Tai, recovering Hongnong, and fighting at Shaya; in each case he fought fiercely with distinction. He was transferred to Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and Grand Commander, and his rank was advanced to Duke of Changguang. He left office to mourn his mother and wasted away in grief. Emperor Wen of Zhou sighed at his utmost filial devotion and always worried over him. He was recalled to his original office before mourning ended. Liang was recognized for courage and was a famous general of the time. He also repeatedly offered stratagems, most of which accorded with the opportune moment. Emperor Wen of Zhou said to him, "You possess both civil and military gifts—you are my Kongming. He then granted him the name Liang and also granted him the surname Houmochen. He went out as Regional Inspector of Dongyong and governed with quiet integrity; the common people lived in peace under him. He died in office. When the coffin returned to the capital, Emperor Wen of Zhou came in person. Weeping, he said to others, "My arms and legs are lost—where shall I place my heart! He ordered the Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments to oversee the funeral. Liang was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Commandant, with the posthumous title Xiang. Later he was paired for offerings in the temple hall of Emperor Wen of Zhou. His son Chang succeeded him.

昶尚周文女西河長公主，大象中，位柱國、秦靈二州總管，以亮功封彭國公。隋開皇中，坐事死。

Chang married the Princess Chang of Xihe, daughter of Emperor Wen of Zhou. In the Daxiang era he held the posts of Pillar of State and Grand Governor of Qin and Ling provinces, and because of Liang's merit was enfeoffed as Duke of Peng. In the Kaihuang era of Sui, he was executed for an offense.

昶弟靜，天水郡守。靜弟恭，開府儀同三司、饒陽縣伯。恭弟幹，上儀同三司、褒中侯。

Chang's younger brother Jing was Administrator of Tianshui. Jing's younger brother Gong held the title Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and was Count of Raoyang. Gong's younger brother Gan held ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and was Marquis of Baozhong.

子慶嗣，小名公奴。性謹厚，位開府儀同三司。初德喪父，貧無以葬，乃賣公奴並一女以營葬事。因遭兵亂，不復相知。及德在平涼，始得之，遂名曰慶。

His son Qing succeeded him; his childhood name was Gongnu. He was careful and honest by nature and held the post of Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies. When De first lost his father, he was too poor to bury him and so sold Gongnu together with one daughter to arrange the funeral. Because of the military turmoil, they lost contact with one another. When De was at Pingliang, he finally found him and named him Qing.

赫連達，字朔周，盛樂人，勃勃之後也。曾祖庫多汗，因避難改姓杜氏。達性剛鯁有膽力。少從賀拔岳征討有功，賜爵長廣鄉男。及岳為侯莫陳悅所害，趙貴建議迎周文，達贊成其議，請輕騎告周文，仍迎之。諸將或欲南追賀拔勝，或云東告朝廷。達又曰：「此皆遠水不救近火，何足道哉！」謀遂定，令達馳往。周文見達慟哭，遂以數百騎南赴平涼，令達率騎據彈箏峽。時百姓惶懼奔散者，軍爭欲掠之。達止之，乃撫以恩信，人皆悅附。周文聞而嘉之。加平東將軍。周文謂諸將曰：「當清水公遇禍之日，君等性命懸於賊手。杜朔周冒萬死之難，遠來見及，遂得同雪讎恥。勞而不酬，何以勸善？」乃賜馬二百疋。孝武入關，褒敘勳義，以達首迎元帥，匡復秦、隴，進爵魏昌縣伯。從儀同李虎破曹泥。後復弘農，戰沙苑，皆有功。詔復姓赫連。以達勳望兼隆，乃除雲州刺史，進爵為公。從大將軍達奚武攻漢中。梁宜豐侯蕭修拒守積時，後乃送款。開府賀蘭願德等以其食盡，欲急攻取之。達曰：「不戰而獲城，策之上也。無容利其子女，貪其財帛，仁者不為。如其困獸猶鬥，則成敗未可知。」武遂受修降。師還，遷驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加侍中，進爵藍田縣公。保定初，為大將軍、夏州總管。達雖非文吏，然性質直，遵奉法度，輕於鞭撻，而重慎死罪。性又廉儉。邊境胡人或饋達羊，達欲招異類，報以繒帛。主司請用官物。達曰：「羊入我廚，物出官庫，是欺上也。」命取私帛與之。識者嘉其仁恕。尋進爵樂川郡公，位柱國。薨。

He Lianda, courtesy name Shuozhou, was a native of Shengle and a descendant of Bobo. His great-grandfather Kuduo Han changed his surname to Du when he took refuge from turmoil. Da was firm and upright by nature and possessed courage and strength. In his youth he followed Heba Yue on campaigns with distinction and was granted the title Baron of Changguang township. When Yue was killed by Houmochen Yue, Zhao Gui proposed welcoming Emperor Wen of Zhou. Da approved the plan, asked to ride ahead with light cavalry to inform Emperor Wen, and then went to welcome him. Some of the generals wished to pursue Heba Sheng to the south, while others said they should report east to the court. Da again said, "These are all distant water that cannot save a nearby fire—what is there to say of them! The plan was then settled, and Da was ordered to gallop ahead. When Emperor Wen of Zhou saw Da he wept bitterly. He then hurried south to Pingliang with several hundred horsemen and ordered Da to lead cavalry to hold Tanzheng Pass. At the time the common people were fleeing in fear and dispersion, and the army all wished to plunder them. Da stopped them and comforted the people with kindness and trust; all gladly attached themselves to him. When Emperor Wen of Zhou heard of it he commended him. He was given the additional title General Who Pacifies the East. Emperor Wen of Zhou said to the generals, "On the day when Duke of Qingshui met disaster, your lives hung in the hands of the bandits. Du Shuozhou braved mortal peril, came from afar to reach us, and thus together we were able to avenge our shame. To labor without reward—how can one encourage good deeds? He then bestowed two hundred horses. When Emperor Xiaowu entered the Pass, merit and righteousness were commended. Because Da was first to welcome the commander-in-chief and restored Qin and Long, his rank was advanced to Count of Weichang. He followed Opening-general Li Hu in defeating Cao Ni. Later he recovered Hongnong and fought at Shaya; in each case he distinguished himself. An edict restored his surname to Helian. Because Da's merit and renown were both lofty, he was appointed Regional Inspector of Yunzhou and his rank was advanced to duke. He followed Grand General Da Xiwu in attacking Hanzhong. Xiao Xiu, Marquis of Yifeng of Liang, resisted and held firm for a long time before finally submitting. Opening-general Helan Yuande and others, seeing that their provisions were exhausted, wished to attack quickly and take the city. Da said, "To take a city without fighting is the highest stratagem. One must not profit from their sons and daughters or covet their wealth and silk—a benevolent man does not do this. If they fight like cornered beasts, the outcome cannot be known. Wu then accepted Xiu's surrender. When the army returned, he was transferred to Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies, given the additional title Palace Attendant, and advanced to Duke of Lantian. At the beginning of Baoding, he was Grand General and Grand Governor of Xiazhou. Although Da was not a civil official, he was straightforward by nature, observed the law, was lenient with flogging, yet was cautious with capital punishment. He was also frugal and modest by nature. Barbarians on the border sometimes presented sheep to Da. Wishing to win over foreign peoples, he repaid them with silk. The responsible official requested to use government goods. Da said, "Sheep enter my kitchen but goods come from the official storehouse—this is deceiving one's superiors. He ordered his private silk taken and given to them. Those of discernment praised his benevolence and forbearance. Soon his rank was advanced to Duke of Yuechuan and he was appointed Pillar of State. He died.

子遷嗣。位大將軍、蒲州刺史。

His son Qian succeeded him. He held the posts of Grand General and Regional Inspector of Puzhou.

韓果，字阿六拔，代武川人也。少驍雄，善騎射。賀拔嶽西征，引為帳內，擊万俟醜奴。後從周文討平侯莫陳悅。大統初，累進爵為石城公。果性強記，兼有權略，善伺敵虛實，揣知情狀。有潛匿溪穀欲為間偵者，果登高望之，所疑處，往必有獲。周文由是以果為虞候都督。每從征行，常領候騎，晝夜巡察，略不眠寢。從平竇泰于潼關，周文因其規畫，軍以勝返，賞真珠金帶一條。又從復弘農，破沙苑，戰河橋，並有功。曆朔、安二州刺史。從戰芒山，軍還，除河東郡守。又從大將軍破稽胡於北山。胡地險阻，人跡罕至，果進兵窮討，散其種落。稽胡憚果勁勇驕捷，號為著翅人。周文聞之，笑曰：「著翅之名，寧滅飛將。」累遷開府儀同三司、進爵褒中郡公。保定三年，拜少師，進位柱國。天和初，授華州刺史。為政寬簡，吏人稱之。薨。

Han Guo, courtesy name Aluoba, was a native of Wuchuan in Dai. In his youth he was fierce and heroic and skilled at riding and shooting. When Heba Yue campaigned west, he was brought into the tent guard and fought Moqi Chounu. Later he followed Emperor Wen of Zhou in campaigning to pacify Houmochen Yue. At the beginning of Datong, by repeated advancement his rank became Duke of Shicheng. Guo had a powerful memory and also possessed stratagem and scheme. He was skilled at observing the enemy's strengths and weaknesses and could infer their circumstances. When there were those hiding in streams and valleys wishing to spy, Guo climbed high and looked out. Wherever he suspected, he always made a capture. Emperor Wen of Zhou thereupon made Guo Commander of Scouts. On every campaign he regularly commanded scout cavalry, patrolling day and night, scarcely sleeping at all. He followed in pacifying Dou Tai at Tong Pass. Emperor Wen of Zhou, because of his planning, brought the army back victorious and rewarded him with a belt of pearl and gold. He again followed in recovering Hongnong, breaking Shaya, and fighting at Heqiao; in each case he distinguished himself. He served as Regional Inspector of Shuo and An. He followed into battle at Mangshan. When the army returned, he was appointed Administrator of Hedong. He again followed the Grand General in defeating the Ji Hu at Beishan. The Hu territory was perilous and obstructed, and human tracks rarely reached it. Guo advanced troops in exhaustive pursuit and scattered their tribes. The Ji Hu feared Guo's fierce bravery and swift agility and called him the Winged Man. When Emperor Wen of Zhou heard of it, he said with a laugh, "The name Winged Man—would it not extinguish a flying general? By repeated advancement he was transferred to Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and advanced to Duke of Baozhong. In the third year of Baoding, he was appointed Junior Mentor and advanced to Pillar of State. At the beginning of Tianhe, he was appointed Regional Inspector of Huazhou. His governance was lenient and simple; officials and people praised him. He died.

子明嗣。為黎州刺史，與尉遲迥同謀反，被誅。

His son Ming succeeded him. He was Regional Inspector of Lizhou. He joined Yuchi Jiong in plotting rebellion and was executed.

蔡祐，字承先，其先陳留圉人也。曾祖紹為夏州鎮將，徙居高平，因家焉。父襲，名著西州。魏正光中，万俟醜奴亂關中，襲乃背賊歸洛陽。拜齊安郡守。及孝武西遷，始拔難西歸。賜爵平舒縣伯，除岐、雍二州刺史。祐性聰敏，有行檢。襲之背賊東歸，祐年十四，事母以孝聞。及長，有膂力。周文在原州，召為帳下親信。及遷夏州，以祐為都督。侯莫陳悅害賀拔岳，諸將迎周文，周文將赴之。夏州首望彌姐元進等陰有異計。周文微知之，召元進等入計事，既而目祐。祐即出外，衣甲持刀直入，叱元進而斬之，並其黨伏誅。一坐皆戰慄。於是與諸將盟，同心誅悅。周文以此重之，謂祐曰：「吾今以爾為子，爾其父事我。」栗迎孝武於潼關，以前後功封萇鄉縣伯。後從禽竇泰，復弘農，戰沙苑，皆有功。授平東將軍、太中大夫。又從戰河橋，祐下馬步鬥，左右勸乘馬以備急卒。祐怒之曰：「丞相養我如子，今日豈以性命為念？」遂率左右十餘人，齊聲大呼，殺傷甚多。敵以其無繼，圍之十餘重。祐乃彎弓持滿，四面拒之。東魏人乃募厚甲長刀者，直進取祐。去祐可三十步，左右勸射之。祐曰：「吾曹性命，在此一矢耳，豈虛發哉！」敵人可十步，祐乃射之，中其面，應弦而倒，便以槊刺殺之。敵乃稍卻。祐乃徐引退。是戰也，西軍不利，周文已還。祐至弘農，夜與周文會。周文字之曰：「承先，爾來吾無憂矣！」周文驚，不得寢，枕祐股上乃安。以功進爵為公，授京兆郡守。

Cai You, courtesy name Chengxian, was descended from men of Yu in Chenliu. His great-grandfather Shao was garrison general of Xiazhou. He moved to Gaoping and there established his family. His father Xi was famous throughout the western provinces. In the Zhenguang era of Wei, Moqi Chounu rebelled in Guanzhong. Xi then turned against the rebels and returned to Luoyang. He was appointed Administrator of Qi'an. When Emperor Xiaowu moved west, he at last escaped hardship and returned west. He was granted the title Count of Pingshu and appointed Regional Inspector of Qi and Yong. You was clever and keen by nature and possessed moral integrity. When Xi turned against the rebels and returned east, You was fourteen years old and was known for serving his mother with filial devotion. When he grew up, he had great physical strength. When Emperor Wen of Zhou was at Yuanzhou, he summoned You as a trusted attendant in his tent. When he moved to Xiazhou, he made You commander. When Houmochen Yue killed Heba Yue, the generals welcomed Emperor Wen of Zhou, and Emperor Wen was about to go to them. The leading figures of Xiazhou, Mijie Yuanjin and others, secretly harbored a different plan. Emperor Wen of Zhou faintly knew of it. He summoned Yuanjin and others to discuss affairs, then glanced at You. You immediately went outside, donned armor, took a blade, and entered directly. He shouted at Yuanjin and beheaded him, and his faction was executed as well. All those seated trembled with fear. Thereupon he allied with the generals in oath, united in mind to execute Yue. Emperor Wen of Zhou because of this valued him highly and said to You, "I now take you as my son; you should serve me as a father. He then welcomed Emperor Xiaowu at Tong Pass and for his earlier and later merit was enfeoffed as Count of Changxiang. Later he followed in capturing Dou Tai, recovering Hongnong, and fighting at Shaya; in each case he distinguished himself. He was appointed General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of Palace Affairs. He again followed into battle at Heqiao. You dismounted and fought on foot; those beside him urged him to mount a horse against sudden attack. You angrily said, "The Chancellor raised me like a son—today how could I be concerned for my life? He then led more than ten men beside him, all shouting together, and killed and wounded many. The enemy, seeing he had no reinforcements, surrounded him more than ten layers deep. You then bent his bow to the full and resisted on all four sides. The Eastern Wei men then recruited men in heavy armor with long blades to advance straight at You. When they were about thirty paces from You, those beside him urged him to shoot. You said, "Our lives hang on this one arrow—how could I release it in vain! When the enemy was about ten paces away, You shot. He hit the man's face and the man fell at the twang of the string; You then stabbed and killed him with a spear. The enemy then slightly withdrew. You then slowly withdrew. In this battle the western army was at a disadvantage; Emperor Wen of Zhou had already returned. You reached Hongnong and met with Emperor Wen of Zhou that night. Emperor Wen of Zhou addressed him, saying, "Chengxian, since you have come I have no worries! Emperor Wen of Zhou was startled and could not sleep; only when he rested his head on You's thigh did he settle. For merit his rank was advanced to duke and he was appointed Administrator of Jingzhao.

高仲密舉北豫來附，周文率軍援之，與齊神武遇於芒山。祐時著明光鐵鎧，所向無敵。齊人咸曰：「此是鐵猛獸也。」皆避之。曆青、原二州刺史，尋除大都督。遭父憂，請終喪紀，弗許。累遷開府儀同三司，加侍中，賜姓大利稽氏，進爵懷寧郡公。六官建，授兵部中大夫。周文不豫，祐與晉公護、賀蘭祥等侍疾。及周文崩，祐悲慕不已，遂得氣疾。

When Gao Zhongmi raised Beiyu and defected, Emperor Wen of Zhou led an army to aid him and encountered Gao Huan at Mangshan. You at the time wore bright iron armor and was invincible wherever he went. The Qi men all said, "This is an iron fierce beast. They all avoided him. He served as Regional Inspector of Qing and Yuan; soon he was appointed Grand Commander. When his father died, he requested to complete the mourning period; it was not granted. By repeated advancement he was transferred to Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies, given the additional title Palace Attendant, granted the surname Daliqi, and advanced to Duke of Huaining. When the six offices were established, he was appointed Director in the Ministry of War. When Emperor Wen of Zhou was unwell, You together with Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu, Helan Xiang, and others attended his illness. When Emperor Wen of Zhou died, You grieved for him without cease and consequently contracted a respiratory illness.

祐少與鄉人李穆布衣齊名，常相謂曰：「大丈夫當建立功名，以取富貴，安能久處貧賤。」言訖，各大笑。後皆如言。及從征伐，為士卒先。軍還，諸將爭功，祐終無所競。周文每歎之曰：「承先口不言勳，孤當代其論敘。」性節儉，所得祿秩，皆散宗族，身死之日，家無餘財。贈柱國大將軍、原州都督，諡曰莊。子正嗣。

In youth You was equally famous as a commoner with his fellow townsman Li Mu. They often said to each other, "A great man should establish merit and fame to obtain wealth and rank—how can he long remain in poverty and low status? When the words were finished, each laughed loudly. Later both fulfilled their words. When he followed on campaigns, he led from the front. When the army returned, the generals competed for credit; You never contended. Emperor Wen of Zhou often sighed and said, "Chengxian never speaks of merit—I must narrate it in his place. He was frugal by nature. The salary and rank he received he distributed among his clan, and on the day he died his household had no surplus wealth. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Pillar of State Grand General and Commander of Yuanzhou, with the posthumous title Zhuang. His son Zheng succeeded him.

祐弟澤，頗好學，有幹能。後為雲阝州刺史，以不從司馬消難被害。

You's younger brother Ze was quite fond of learning and possessed practical ability. Later he was Regional Inspector of Yunzhou and was killed for refusing to follow Sima Xiaonan.

常善，高陽人也。家本豪族。魏孝昌中，從爾硃榮入洛，封房城縣男。後周文平侯莫陳悅，除天水郡守。累遷驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、西安州刺史，轉蔚州刺史。頻蒞二籓，有政績。進爵永陽郡公。周孝閔帝踐祚，拜大將軍、甯州總管。保定二年，入為小司徒。卒，贈柱國大將軍、都督、延州刺史。子昂和嗣。

Chang Shan was a native of Gaoyang. His family was originally a powerful clan. In the Xiaochang era of Wei, he followed Erzhu Rong into Luoyang and was enfeoffed as Baron of Fangcheng. Later, when Emperor Wen of Zhou pacified Houmochen Yue, he was appointed Administrator of Tianshui. By repeated advancement he was transferred to Grand General of Fast Cavalry, Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies, and Regional Inspector of Xi'anzhou, then to Regional Inspector of Weizhou. He repeatedly held two frontier posts and achieved distinction in governance. His rank was advanced to Duke of Yongyang. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou acceded to the throne, he was appointed Grand General and Grand Governor of Ningzhou. In the second year of Baoding, he entered the capital as Junior Minister of Education. He died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Pillar of State Grand General, Commander, and Regional Inspector of Yanzhou. His son Anghe succeeded him.

辛威，隴西人也。少慷慨有志略。初從賀拔岳征伐有功，假輔國將軍、都督。及周文統嶽眾，見威奇之，引為帳內，封白土縣伯，後進爵為公。累遷開府儀同三司，賜姓普屯氏。出為鄜州刺史。威時望既重，朝廷以桑梓榮之，遷河州刺史、本州大中正。頻領二鎮，頗得人和。周孝閔帝踐祚，拜大將軍，進爵枹罕郡公。宣政元年，進位上柱國。大象二年，進封宿國公，復為少傅。薨。威性持重，有威嚴。曆官數十年，未嘗有過，故得以身名終。兼其家有義，五世同居，時以此稱之。

Xin Wei was a native of Longxi. In his youth he was magnanimous and possessed ambition and strategy. At first he followed Heba Yue on campaigns with distinction and was provisionally appointed General Who Supports the State and commander. When Emperor Wen of Zhou took command of Yue's forces, he saw Wei was extraordinary and brought him into the tent guard. He was enfeoffed as Count of Baitu and later advanced to duke. By repeated advancement he was transferred to Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and granted the surname Putun. He went out as Regional Inspector of Fuzhou. Because Wei's contemporary renown was already great, the court honored him in his native place and transferred him to Regional Inspector of Hezhou and Grand Rectifier of his home province. He repeatedly held two garrison posts and won the harmony of the people. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou acceded to the throne, he was appointed Grand General and advanced to Duke of Fuhan. In the first year of Xuanzheng, he was advanced to Senior Pillar of State. In the second year of Daxiang, he was advanced to Duke of Su and again appointed Junior Mentor. He died. Wei was steady and weighty by nature and possessed imposing dignity. He held office for several decades without ever committing an offense; therefore he was able to finish his career with reputation intact. Moreover his family was known for righteousness; five generations lived together, and at the time he was praised for this.

子永達嗣。位儀同大將軍。

His son Yongda succeeded him. He held the post of General with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies.

厙狄昌，字恃德，神武人也。少便弓馬，有膂力。及長，進止閒雅，膽氣壯烈，每以將帥自許。從爾硃天光定關中。天光敗，又從賀拔嶽征討。及岳被害，昌與諸將議翊戴周文。從平侯莫陳悅，賜爵陰盤縣子。後從迎孝武，復潼關，改封長子縣子。大統初，累遷開府儀同三司，進爵方城公。六官建，授稍伯中大夫。周孝閔帝踐祚，拜大將軍。卒。

She Dichang, courtesy name Shide, was a native of Shenwu. In his youth he was skilled with bow and horse and had great physical strength. When he grew up, his bearing was leisurely and refined, his courage and spirit fierce and resolute. He always considered himself fit to be a general. He followed Erzhu Tianguang in pacifying Guanzhong. When Tianguang was defeated, he again followed Heba Yue on campaigns. When Yue was killed, Chang and the other generals deliberated on supporting and installing Emperor Wen of Zhou. He followed in pacifying Houmochen Yue and was granted the title Viscount of Yinpan. Later he followed in welcoming Emperor Xiaowu and recovering Tong Pass, and his enfeoffment was changed to Viscount of Changzi. At the beginning of Datong, by repeated advancement he was transferred to Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies and advanced to Duke of Fangcheng. When the six offices were established, he was appointed Director in the Ministry of the Imperial Stud. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou acceded to the throne, he was appointed Grand General. He died.

子明，以椿功賜爵豐陽縣公。後襲椿爵，舊封回授弟朗。

His son Ming, because of Chun's merit, was granted the title Duke of Fengyang. Later he inherited Chun's title and returned the old enfeoffment to his younger brother Lang.

梁台，字洛都，萇池人也。少果敢，有志操。從爾硃天光平關、隴，賜爵隴城鄉男。及天光敗于韓陵，賀拔嶽又引為心膂。岳為侯莫陳悅所害，台與諸將翊戴周文。從平悅，累功授潁州刺史，賜姓賀蘭氏。累遷驃騎大將軍、開府儀同、侍中。周孝閔帝踐祚，進爵中部縣公。保定四年，拜大將軍。時大軍圍洛陽，久不拔。齊騎奄至，齊公憲禦之。有數人為敵所執，已去。台單馬突入，射殺兩人，敵皆披靡，被執者遂還。齊公憲每歎曰：「梁台果毅膽決，不可及也。」五年，拜鄜州刺史。台性疏通，恕以待物，至於蒞人，尤以惠愛為心。不過識千餘字，口占書啟，詞意可觀。年過六十，猶能被甲跨馬，足不躡鐙，馳射弋獵，矢不虛發。後以疾卒。

Liang Tai, courtesy name Luodu, was a native of Changchi. In his youth he was bold and resolute and possessed moral integrity. He followed Erzhu Tianguang in pacifying Guan and Long and was granted the title Baron of Longcheng township. When Tianguang was defeated at Hanling, Heba Yue again brought him in as a trusted confidant. When Yue was killed by Houmochen Yue, Tai and the other generals supported and installed Emperor Wen of Zhou. He followed in pacifying Yue. By accumulated merit he was appointed Regional Inspector of Yingzhou and granted the surname Helan. By repeated advancement he was transferred to Grand General of Fast Cavalry, Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies, and Palace Attendant. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou acceded to the throne, his rank was advanced to Duke of Zhongbu. In the fourth year of Baoding, he was appointed Grand General. At the time the main army besieged Luoyang but for a long time could not take it. Qi cavalry suddenly arrived; Prince of Qi Yuwen Xian resisted them. Several men were seized by the enemy and had already been taken away. Tai alone on horseback charged in, shot and killed two men, routed the enemy, and recovered those who had been seized. Prince of Qi Yuwen Xian often sighed and said, "Liang Tai is resolute, bold, and decisive—he cannot be matched. In the fifth year he was appointed Regional Inspector of Fuzhou. Tai was open and penetrating by nature and treated others with forbearance. In governing people he especially took benevolence and kindness to heart. He knew no more than a thousand characters, yet he dictated letters and memorials orally with respectable wording and meaning. Past sixty years of age, he could still don armor and mount a horse without treading the stirrups, gallop and shoot, hunt with bow, and never release an arrow in vain. Later he died of illness.

田弘，字廣略，高平人也。少慷慨，有謀略。初陷万俟醜奴。爾硃天光入關，弘自原州歸順。及周文統眾，弘求謁見，乃論時事，即處以爪牙之任。又以迎孝武功，封鶉陰縣子。周文嘗以所著鐵甲賜弘，云：「天下若定，還將此甲示孤也。」累功賜姓紇幹氏，授原州刺史。以弘勳望兼至，故以衣錦榮之。周文在同州，文武並集，乃謂之曰：「人人如弘盡心，天下豈不早定？」即授車騎大將軍、儀同三司。魏廢帝元年，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。平蜀後，梁信州刺史蕭韶等未從朝化，詔弘討平之。又討西平反羌及鳳州叛氐等，並破之。每臨陣，推鋒直前，身被一百餘箭，破骨者九，馬被十槊。朝廷壯之。周孝閔踐阼，進爵雁門郡公。保定元年，出為岷州刺史。弘雖武將，而動遵法式，百姓賴安之。三年，從隨公楊忠伐齊，拜大將軍。後進柱國大將軍，歷位大司空、少保、襄州總管。薨於州。子仁恭嗣。

Tian Hong, courtesy name Guanglue, was a native of Gaoping. In his youth he was magnanimous and possessed strategy. At first he was captured by Moqi Chounu. When Erzhu Tianguang entered the Pass, Hong submitted from Yuanzhou. When Emperor Wen of Zhou took command of the forces, Hong requested an audience, discussed current affairs, and was immediately placed in a trusted military role. For merit in welcoming Emperor Xiaowu he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Chunyin. Emperor Wen of Zhou once bestowed on Hong the iron armor he himself had worn, saying, "If the realm is pacified, bring this armor back to show me. By accumulated merit he was granted the surname Hegan and appointed Regional Inspector of Yuanzhou. Because Hong's merit and renown were both complete, he was honored with return in glory to his home. When Emperor Wen of Zhou was at Tongzhou, civil and military officials all gathered. He then said to them, "If every man were as devoted as Hong, would the realm not have been pacified long ago? He was immediately appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies. In the first year of Emperor Fei of Wei, he was given the additional titles Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Opening-general with ceremony equal to the Three Excellencies. After the pacification of Shu, Xiao Shao of Liang, Regional Inspector of Xinzhou, and others had not yet submitted to the court. An edict ordered Hong to campaign and pacify them. He also campaigned against the Fan Qiang of Xiping and the rebel Di of Fengzhou and others, defeating them all. Whenever he faced battle, he pushed the vanguard straight forward. His body was struck by more than a hundred arrows, nine pierced to the bone, and his horse was struck by ten spears. The court admired him. When Emperor Xiaomin of Zhou acceded to the throne, his rank was advanced to Duke of Yanmen. In the first year of Baoding, he went out as Regional Inspector of Minzhou. Although Hong was a military general, in action he observed law and regulation, and the common people relied on him and lived in peace. In the third year he followed Duke of Sui Yang Zhong in campaigning against Qi and was appointed Grand General. Later he was advanced to Pillar of State Grand General and successively held the posts of Grand Minister of Works, Junior Mentor, and Grand Governor of Xiangzhou. He died in office. His son Rengong succeeded him.

仁恭，字長貴。性寬仁，有局度。歷位幽州總管。隋文帝受禪，進上柱國，拜太子太師，甚見親重。嘗幸其第，宴飲極歡，禮賜甚厚。尋奉詔營太廟，進爵觀國公，拜右武衛大將軍，轉左武衛大將軍。卒官，贈司空，諡曰敬。子世師嗣。

Rengong, courtesy name Changgui. He was generous and benevolent by nature and possessed breadth of vision. He held the post of Grand Governor of Youzhou. When Emperor Wen of Sui received the abdication, he was advanced to Senior Pillar of State and appointed Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince. He was greatly trusted and honored. The emperor once visited his residence. The banquet was extremely joyous, and the ceremonial gifts were very generous. Soon he received an edict to construct the Imperial Ancestral Temple. His rank was advanced to Duke of Guan, he was appointed Grand General of the Right Martial Guard, and was transferred to Grand General of the Left Martial Guard. He died in office and was posthumously enfeoffed as Minister of Works, with the posthumous title Jing. His son Shishi succeeded him.

次子德懋，少以孝友知名。開皇初，以父軍功賜爵平原郡公，授太子千牛備身。丁父艱，哀毀骨立，廬於墓側，負土成墳。帝聞而嘉之，遣員外散騎侍郎元志就吊焉。復降璽書存問，賜帛及米，下詔表其閭。大業中，位尚書駕部郎，卒官。

His second son Demao was known from youth for filial piety and brotherly affection. At the beginning of Kaihuang, because of his father's military merit he was granted the title Duke of Pingyuan and appointed Attendant of the Crown Prince's Thousand Ox Guard. When his father died he mourned until he was wasted to the bone. He built a hut beside the tomb and carried earth to form the grave mound. When the emperor heard of it he commended him and dispatched Attendant Cavalier Yuan Zhi to offer condolences. Again an imperial letter was sent to inquire after him. Silk and rice were bestowed, and an edict was issued to honor his village. In the Daye era he held the post of Director in the Ministry of Works' Chariot Section and died in office.

時有玉城郡公王景、鮮虞縣公謝慶恩並位上柱國；大義公辛遵及其弟韶並位柱國。隋文帝以其俱佐命功臣，特加崇貴，親禮與仁恭等，事皆亡失云。

At the time Duke of Yucheng Wang Jing and Duke of Xianyu Xie Qing'en both held the post of Senior Pillar of State; Duke of Dayi Xin Zun and his younger brother Shao both held the post of Pillar of State. Emperor Wen of Sui, because they were all founding-assistance merit officials, specially added honor and esteem and personally treated them with ceremony equal to Rengong and others; their records are all lost.

論曰：周文接喪亂之際，乘戰爭之餘，發跡平涼，撫征關右。于時外虞孔熾，內難方殷，羽檄交馳，戎軒屢駕，終能蕩清逋孽，克固鴻基。雖稟算於廟堂，實責成於將帥。達奚武、若干惠、怡峰、劉亮、王德、赫連達、韓果、蔡祐、常善、辛威、厙狄昌、梁椿、梁台、田弘等，並兼資勇略，咸會風雲，或效績中權，或立功方面，均分休戚，同濟艱危，可謂國之爪牙，朝之禦侮者也。而武協規文後，得雋小關，周瑜赤壁之謀，賈詡烏巢之策，何以能尚？一言興邦，斯之謂矣。惠、德本以果毅知名，而能率由孝道，雖圖史所歎，何以加焉？勇者不必有仁，斯不然矣。以赫連達之先識而加之以仁恕，蔡祐之敢勇而終之以不伐，斯豈企及之所致乎，抑亦天性而已。仁恭出內榮顯，豈徒然哉。德懋道協天經，亦足嘉矣。

The commentary says: Emperor Wen of Zhou came to power amid mourning and chaos, in the aftermath of war. He rose from Pingliang and pacified and campaigned in Guanxi. At the time external alarms blazed and internal troubles were severe. Military dispatches flew back and forth and the war chariot was repeatedly driven forth. In the end he was able to sweep clear fleeing rebels and firmly consolidate the great foundation. Although plans were made in the temple hall, in reality completion depended on the generals. Da Xiwu, Ruo Ganhui, Yi Feng, Liu Liang, Wang De, He Lianda, Han Guo, Cai You, Chang Shan, Xin Wei, She Dichang, Liang Chun, Liang Tai, Tian Hong, and others all combined courage and strategy and met the moment of opportunity. Some achieved merit at the center of power, some established merit on the frontiers. They equally shared joy and sorrow and together crossed through hardship and peril—they can be called the claws and fangs of the state and the defenders against insult for the court. Yet Wu coordinated plans after Emperor Wen and achieved brilliance at Xiaoguan—how could the stratagem of Zhou Yu at Red Cliff or the plan of Jia Xu at Wuchao compare? One word raises the state—this is what is meant. Hui and De were originally known for resolute boldness, yet were able to follow filial piety. Though histories sigh in admiration, how could one add to this? The brave need not have benevolence—this is not so. That He Lianda had foresight and added to it benevolence and forbearance, and that Cai You had daring courage yet did not boast of merit—is this something attained by striving, or simply innate nature? Rengong's rise from the interior to glory and prominence—was it for nothing? Demao's way accorded with Heaven's constant—this too is worthy of praise.

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