1
梁士彥元諧虞慶則元冑達奚長儒賀婁子幹史萬歲劉方杜彥周搖獨孤楷乞伏慧張威和洪陰壽楊義臣
Liang Shiyan; Yuan Xie; Yu Qingze; Yuan Zhou; Daxi Changru; Helou Zigan; Shi Wansui; Liu Fang; Du Yan; Zhou Yao; Dugu Kai; Qi Fuhui; Zhang Wei; He Hong; Yin Shou; and Yang Yichen.
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北史卷七十三
Volume 73 of the History of the Northern Dynasties
3
列傳第六十一
Biography 61
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梁士彥元諧虞慶則元冑達奚長儒賀婁子幹兄詮
Liang Shiyan; Yuan Xie; Yu Qingze; Yuan Zhou; Daxi Changru; Helou Zigan; and Helou Zigan's elder brother Quan.
5
史萬歲劉方馮昱王纲楊武通陳永貴房兆杜彥周搖
Shi Wansui; Liu Fang and Feng Yu; Wang Gang; Yang Wutong; Chen Yonggui; Fang Zhao; Du Yan; and Zhou Yao.
6
獨孤楷弟盛乞伏慧張威和洪陰壽子世師骨儀楊義臣
Dugu Kai and his younger brother Sheng; Qi Fuhui; Zhang Wei; He Hong; Yin Shou and his son Shishi; Gu Yi; and Yang Yichen.
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梁士彥
Liang Shiyan
8
梁士彥字相如，安定烏氏人也．少任俠，好讀兵書，頗涉經史．周武帝將平東夏，聞其勇決，自扶風郡守除為九曲鎮將，進位上開府，封建威縣公，齊人甚憚之．後以熊州刺史從武帝拔晉州，進位大將軍，除晉州刺史．及帝還後，齊後主親攻圍之，樓堞皆盡，短兵相接．士彥慷慨自若，謂將士曰：「死在今日，吾為爾先！」 於是勇烈齊奮，呼聲動地，無不一當百．齊師少劔，乃令妻妾及軍人子女，畫夜修城，三日而就．武帝六軍亦至，齊師圍解．士彥見帝，持帝鬚泣，帝亦為之流涕．時帝欲班師，士彥叩馬諫．帝從之，執其手曰：「朕有晉州，為平齊之基，宜善守之．」及齊平，封郕國公，位上柱國、[一]雍州主簿．宣帝即位，除徐州總管．與烏丸軌禽陳將吳明徹、裴忌於呂梁，略定淮南地．
Liang Shiyan, courtesy name Xiangru, came from Wushi in Anding. As a young man he lived by the sword, loved military treatises, and had read widely in the classics and histories. When Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou was preparing to conquer the eastern Qi territories, he heard of Shiyan's bold decisiveness, promoted him from prefect of Fufeng to general of Jiuqu Fort, raised him to Upper Opening Grandee, and enfeoffed him as Duke of Jianwei—so greatly did the Qi fear him. Later, serving as governor of Xiongzhou, he followed the emperor in capturing Jinzhou, was made grand general, and appointed governor of Jin. After the Zhou army withdrew, the Later Qi ruler came in person to besiege the city; every tower and parapet was smashed, and the fighting came to hand-to-hand range. Shiyan remained composed and open-handed, and told his troops: "If we die, we die today—and I will lead you!" At once the bravest surged forward; their battle cry shook the ground, and each man fought as if he were a hundred. The Qi line wavered. Shiyan then set wives, concubines, and camp followers to repair the walls by day and night, and within three days the defenses stood again. The emperor's main forces arrived and the siege was broken. When Shiyan met the emperor he clutched his beard and wept, and the emperor wept with him. The emperor then meant to withdraw; Shiyan knelt at his horse and pleaded against it. The emperor took his counsel, clasped his hand, and said: "Jinzhou is the base from which Qi will be conquered—guard it well." After the fall of Qi he was made Duke of Xing, senior pillar of state, and [1] chief clerk of Yong province. Under Emperor Xuan he became commander-in-chief of Xuzhou; with the Wuhuan general Gui he took the Chen commanders Wu Mingche and Pei Ji at Lüliang and secured much of Huainan.
9
隋文帝作相，轉亳州總管．尉遲迥反，為行軍總管，及韋孝寬擊之，[二]令家僮梁默等為前鋒，士彥繼之，所當皆破．及迥平，除相州刺史．深見忌，徵還京師．閑居無事，恃功懷怨，與宇文忻、劉昉等謀反．將率僮僕候上享廟之際以發機．復欲於蒲州起事，略取河北，捉黎陽關，塞河陽路，劫調布為牟甲，募盜賊為戰士．其甥裴通知而奏之．帝未發其事，授晉州刺史，欲觀其志．士彥欣然謂昉等曰：「天也！」 又請儀同薛摩兒為長史，帝從之．後與公卿朝謁，帝令執士彥、忻、昉等於行間，詰之狀，猶不伏，捕薛摩兒至對之．摩兒具論始末云：「第二子剛垂泣苦諫，第三子叔諧曰：『作猛獸須成斑．』」士彥失色，顧曰：「汝殺我！」 於是伏誅，時年七十二．有子五人．
When Emperor Wen of Sui was still regent, Shiyan was made commander-in-chief of Bozhou. During Yuchi Jiong's rebellion he served as a campaign commander under Wei Xiaokuan; [2] he set his household retainer Liang Mo and others in the van and followed with the main body, breaking every force they met. After Jiong's defeat he was made governor of Xiangzhou. The court deeply distrusted him and recalled him to the capital. With nothing to do he brooded on his services and grievances and joined Yuwen Xin, Liu Fang, and others in a plot. He would strike when the emperor went to sacrifice at the ancestral temple, and also planned to raise troops at Puzhou, seize Hebei, hold Liyang Pass, cut the Heyang route, take levy cloth for armor, and enlist bandits as soldiers. His nephew Pei Tong discovered the plot and reported it. The emperor kept his own counsel, appointed him governor of Jinzhou, and watched what he would do. Shiyan exulted to Fang and the rest: "Heaven is with us!" He also asked for the yitong Xue Mo'er as chief clerk, and the emperor granted it. Later, at a court audience with the nobles, the emperor had Shiyan, Xin, Fang, and the others seized in the ranks and questioned; they still would not confess. Xue Mo'er was brought in to testify against them. Mo'er laid out the whole affair: "The second son Gang wept and begged him to stop; the third son Shuhan said, 'If you mean to be a tiger, you must earn your stripes.'" Shiyan went pale and cried to his son: "You have killed me!" He was then beheaded, at the age of seventy-two. He left five sons.
10
操字孟德，位上開府、義鄉縣公，早卒．
Cao, courtesy name Mengde, held the rank of upper opening grandee and duke of Yixiang county; he died young.
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梁剛、梁叔諧
Liang Gang and Liang Shuhan
12
剛字永固，位大將軍、通政縣公、涇州刺史．以諫公獲免，徙瓜州．叔諧坐士彥誅．
Gang, courtesy name Yonggu, was grand general, duke of Tongzheng county, and governor of Jingzhou. Because he had remonstrated with his father he was spared and exiled to Guazhou. Shuhan died with Shiyan in the purge.
13
梁默者，士彥之蒼頭也，驍武絕人．士彥每從征伐，常與默陷陣．仕周，位開府．開皇末，以行軍總管從楊素征突厥，進位大將軍．又從平楊諒，授柱國．大業五年，從煬帝征吐谷渾，力戰死之．贈光祿大夫．
Liang Mo had been Shiyan's personal slave and was a warrior without peer. In every campaign Mo charged the line beside him. Under the Zhou he reached opening grandee. At the end of Kaihuang he served as campaign commander under Yang Su against the Turks and was made grand general; he helped suppress Yang Liang and was named a pillar of state. In Daye 5 he followed Emperor Yang against Tuyuhun and fell in fierce fighting. He was posthumously made grand master for splendid happiness.
14
元諧，河南洛陽人也．家世貴盛．諧性豪俠，有氣調．少與隋文帝同受業於國子，甚相友愛．後以軍功，累遷大將軍．及帝為相，引致左右．諧謂帝曰：「公無黨，譬如水間一堵牆，大危矣．公其勉之！」 及帝受禪，顧諧笑曰：「水間牆竟何如也？」 進位上大將軍，封樂安郡公．奉詔參修律令．
Yuan Xie came from Luoyang in Henan. His clan had been eminent for generations. He was high-spirited and chivalrous, with force of character. In youth he had studied at the Imperial Academy alongside the future Emperor Wen and they were close friends. Military service raised him repeatedly to grand general. When Wen became regent, Xie was brought to his inner circle. Xie told him: "You stand alone—like a single wall in midstream. That is terribly dangerous. Press on while you can!" When Wen took the throne he turned to Xie and smiled: "Well—how stands that wall in midstream now?" He was promoted to senior grand general and enfeoffed as duke of Le'an commandery, and by imperial order helped revise the penal code.
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時吐谷渾將定城王鐘利旁率騎度河，[三]連結党項．諧率兵出鄯州，[四]趣青海，邀其歸路．相遇於豐利山，諧擊走之，又破其太子可博汗．其名王十七人、公侯十三人，各率其所部來降．詔授上柱國，別封一子縣公．諧拜寧州刺史，頗有威惠．然性剛愎，好排詆，不能取媚於左右．嘗言於上曰：「臣一心事主，不曲取人意．」上曰：「宜終此言．」後以公事免．
At that time the Tuyuhun general Zhonglipang of Dingcheng led cavalry across the Yellow River [3] and joined forces with Qiang tribes. Xie marched from Shanzhou [4] toward Qinghai to cut their retreat. At Fengli Mountain he routed them and also defeated the crown prince Kebohan. Seventeen lesser kings and thirteen dukes and marquises came in with their people. He was made senior pillar of state; one son received a separate county dukedom. As governor of Ningzhou he won real respect and goodwill. Yet he was proud and blunt, quick to denigrate others, and could not court the men around the throne. He once told the emperor: "I serve you with a single heart and will not trim my words to please anyone." The emperor replied: "Hold to that always." Later he was removed over a public matter.
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時上柱國王誼有功於國，與諧俱無位任，每相往來．胡僧告諧、誼謀反，帝按其事，無狀，慰諭釋之．未幾，誼誅，諧漸被疏忌．然以龍潛之舊，每預朝請，恩禮無虧．及平陳，百僚大宴，諧進曰：「陛下威德遠被，臣前請突厥可汗為候正，陳叔寶為令史，今可用臣言．」帝曰：「朕平陳國，本以除逆，非欲誇誕．公之所奏，殊非朕心．突厥不知山川，何能警候？ 叔寶昏醉，寧堪驅使？」 諧默然而退．
Senior pillar Wang Yi had served the state well; he and Xie were both out of office and often met. A monk accused them of treason; the emperor investigated, found nothing, and reassured them. Soon Yi was executed, and Xie fell under growing suspicion. Still, because of their bond from before Wen took power, he continued to attend court without loss of ceremony. At the feast celebrating the conquest of Chen, Xie rose and said: "Your prestige reaches far; I once proposed making the Turkic khan your lookout and Chen Shubao your clerk—now those measures may be adopted." The emperor answered: "I conquered Chen to remove rebels, not to play the braggart. Your suggestion is nothing I want. How could Turks who do not know our mountains and rivers keep watch for us? And Shubao is a sodden fool—fit to be ordered about?" Xie said nothing more and withdrew.
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後數歲，有人告諧與從父弟上開府滂、臨澤侯田鸞、上儀同祁緒等謀反．帝令按其事．有司奏：「諧謀令祁緒勒党項兵，即斷巴蜀．時廣平王雄、左僕射高熲二人用事，諧欲譖去之，云：『左執法星動已四年矣，狀一奏，高熲必死．』又言：『太白犯月，光芒相照，主殺大臣，雄必當之．』諧與滂嘗同謁帝，私謂滂曰：『我是主人，殿上者賊也．』因令滂望氣，滂曰：『彼雲似蹲狗走鹿，不如我輩有福德雲．』」帝大怒，諧、滂、鸞、緒並伏誅，籍沒其家．
Some years later Xie was denounced for plotting with his cousin, upper opening grandee Pang, Marquis of Linze Tian Luan, upper yitong Qi Xu, and others. The emperor ordered an inquiry. The court reported that Xie meant Qi Xu to raise Qiang troops and sever Bashu; that when Prince Xiong of Guangling and the vice director Gao Feng held power, Xie had plotted to destroy them, saying the Left Law star had moved four years—one memorial and Feng would die; that the white planet was crossing the moon, a sign the ruler would kill great ministers and Xiong would fall; and that attending court with Pang he had whispered, "I am the true master; the man on the throne is the thief," then bade Pang read the sky—whereupon Pang said, "Their clouds are crouching dogs and running deer; ours are clouds of fortune." The emperor was furious. Xie, Pang, Luan, and Xu were beheaded and their families attainted.
18
虞慶則
Yu Qingze
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虞慶則，京兆櫟陽人也，本姓魚．其先仕赫連氏，遂家靈武，世為北邊豪傑．父祥，周靈武太守．
Yu Qingze came from Liyang in Jingzhao; his family name had been Yu. His forebears had served the Xiongnu Helian house and settled at Lingwu, where for generations they were magnates of the northern marches. His father Xiang was Zhou prefect of Lingwu.
20
慶則幼雄毅，性俶儻，身長八尺，有膽智，善鮮卑語，身被重鎧，帶兩鞬，左右馳射，本州豪俠皆敬憚之．初以射獵為事，中更折節讀書，常慕傅介子、班仲升之為人．仕周，為中外府外兵參軍事，襲爵沁源縣公．越王盛討平稽胡，將班師，內史下大夫高熲與盛謀，須文武幹略者鎮遏之，表請慶則，於是拜石州總管．甚有威惠，稽胡慕義歸者八千餘戶．
In youth Qingze was bold and unyielding, tall and unconventional—eight feet in stature, brave and clever, fluent in Xianbei, able to wear full mail and ride with twin quivers, shooting to either hand. Local heroes feared and honored him. He began as a hunter, then turned to books and modeled himself on Fu Jiezi and Ban Chao. Under the Zhou he was outer-troops attendant in the combined bureau and inherited the dukedom of Qinyuan. When Prince Sheng of Yue crushed the Jiehu and was withdrawing, Gao Feng urged that only a man of both civil and military gifts could hold the region; Qingze was named commander-in-chief of Shizhou. He ruled with authority and kindness, and more than eight thousand Jiehu households submitted to him.
21
開皇元年，歷位內史監、吏部尚書、京兆尹，封彭城郡公，營新都總監．二年，突厥入寇，慶則為元帥討之．部分失所，士卒多寒凍，墮指者千餘人．偏將達奚長儒率騎兵二千人別道邀賊，為虜所圍，慶則按營不救．由是長儒孤軍獨戰，死者十八九．上弗之責也．尋遷尚書右僕射．
In Kaihuang 1 he rose through palace scribe supervisor, minister of personnel, and metropolitan governor of Jingzhao, was made duke of Pengcheng commandery, and oversaw construction of the new capital. In Kaihuang 2, when the Turks raided, he commanded the punitive force. His dispositions failed: troops froze in the field and more than a thousand men lost fingers to the cold. His lieutenant Daxi Changru, with two thousand horse, took a separate road to intercept the enemy and was surrounded; Qingze kept camp and did not relieve him. Changru fought alone until nine in ten of his men were dead. The emperor did not punish him. Soon he was made right vice director of state.
22
後突厥主攝圖將內附，請一重臣充使，詔慶則往．攝圖恃強，慶則責以往事，攝圖不服．其介長孫晟又說諭之，攝圖及弟葉護皆拜受詔，因稱臣朝貢，請永為藩附．初，慶則出使，帝敕曰：「我欲存立突厥，彼送公馬，但取五三疋．」攝圖見慶則，贈馬千疋，又以女妻之．帝以慶則功高，皆無所問．授上柱國，封魯國公，食任城縣千戶，以彭城公迴授第二子義．
When the Turkic khan Shetu prepared to submit, he asked for a minister of the first rank as envoy, and Qingze was sent. Shetu blustered; Qingze rebuked him for past offenses and Shetu resisted until Zhangsun Sheng persuaded him. Shetu and his brother Yehu accepted the edict on their knees, styled themselves vassals, sent tribute, and asked to remain a frontier dependency forever. Before Qingze left, the emperor had told him: "I mean to preserve the Turks; if they give you horses, take only five or six in ten." Shetu met him with a gift of a thousand horses and gave him his daughter in marriage. Because Qingze's service was great, the emperor asked no questions. He became senior pillar of state and duke of Lu with a thousand-household fief at Rencheng; the Pengcheng title passed to his second son Yi.
23
平陳後，帝幸晉王第，置酒會戝臣．高熲等奉觴上壽．帝曰：「高熲平江南，虞慶則平突厥，可謂茂功矣．」楊素曰：「皆由至尊威德所被．」慶則曰：「楊素前出兵武牢、硤石，若非至尊威德，亦無剋理．」遂互相長短．御史欲彈之，帝曰：「今日計功為樂，並不須劾．」帝觀戝臣宴射，慶則進曰：「臣蒙賚酒，令盡樂，御史在側，恐醉被彈．」帝賜御史酒，遣之出．慶則奉觴上壽，極歡．帝謂諸公曰：「飲此酒，願我與公等子孫常如今日，世守富貴．」九年，轉為右纫大將軍，尋改為右武候大將軍．
After the fall of Chen the emperor visited the Prince of Jin, set out wine, and feasted his ministers. Gao Feng and others toasted his long life. The emperor said: "Feng conquered the south; Qingze the Turks—splendid service both." Yang Su said: "All flows from your majesty's virtue." Qingze replied: "When Su took Wulao and Xiaoshi, without your majesty's virtue there would have been no victory." They traded compliments and barbs until the censor moved to impeach them; the emperor said: "Today we count merit for joy—no indictments." Watching the archery feast, Qingze said: "You gave me wine and bade me rejoice fully; with the censor beside me I fear drunken impeachment." The emperor gave the censor wine and sent him away. Qingze toasted the emperor to the height of merriment. The emperor told the assembly: "Drink, and may we and our sons and grandsons keep this day forever." In year 9 he became senior general of the right guard, then of the right martial guard.
24
十七年，嶺南人李世賢據州反，議欲討之．諸將二三請行，皆不許．帝顧謂慶則曰：「位居宰相，爵為上公，國家有賊，遂無行意，何也？」 慶則拜謝恐懼，帝乃遣焉．為桂州道行軍總管，以婦弟趙什柱為隨府長史．什柱與慶則愛妾通，恐事彰，乃宣言：「慶則不欲此行．」帝聞之．先是，朝臣出征，帝皆宴別，禮賜遣之．慶則南討辭帝，帝色不悅，慶則由是怏怏不得志．暨平世賢還，歸桂鎮，[五]觀眺山川形勢，曰：「此誠險固，加以足砕．若守得其人，攻不可拔．」遂使什柱馳詣京奏事，觀帝顏色．什柱至京，因告慶則謀反．帝按驗之，於是伏誅．拜什柱為大將軍．
In year 17 Li Shixian of Lingnan rebelled and held his province. Several generals asked to lead the campaign and were refused. The emperor turned to Qingze: "You stand at the summit of the state, hold the highest noble rank—and when bandits arise you show no will to march. Why?" Qingze bowed in terror and was sent as campaign commander of the Guizhou route, with his brother-in-law Zhao Shizhu as chief clerk. Shizhu lay with Qingze's favorite concubine; fearing discovery, he spread word that Qingze did not want the expedition. When Qingze came to take leave, the emperor's face was cold—unlike the farewell feasts given other commanders—and Qingze went south bitter and ill at ease. After defeating Shixian he returned to Gui, surveyed the terrain, and said: "This country is rugged and the roads are shattered; in the right hands it cannot be stormed." He sent Shizhu to court on pretense of business to read the emperor's mood. At the capital Shizhu accused him of treason; the charge was verified and Qingze was beheaded. Shizhu was made grand general.
25
虞孝仁
Yu Xiaoren
26
慶則子孝仁，幼豪俠任氣，拜儀同，領晉王親信．坐父事除名．煬帝嗣位，以藩邸之舊，授候纫長史，兼領金谷監，監禁苑．有巧思，頗稱旨．大業九年，伐遼，遷都水丞，充使監運，頗有功．然性奢華，以駱駝負函盛水養魚而自給．後或告其為不軌，遂見誅．
Qingze's son Xiaoren was a swaggering youth, made yitong and put in charge of the Prince of Jin's household guard. He was struck from the rolls when his father fell. Emperor Yang, remembering their days in the princely mansion, made him chief of the guard attendants and keeper of the Golden Valley Park within the imperial preserve. His ingenuity pleased the court. In Daye 9, on the Liaodong campaign, he became vice director of waterways and transport commissioner with real credit—but he lived lavishly, using camels to carry tanks of water so he could keep fish for his table. Denounced for misconduct, he was executed.
27
元冑，河南洛陽人，魏昭成帝之六代孫也．祖順，魏濮陽王．父雄，武陵王．
Yuan Zhou came from Luoyang in Henan, sixth-generation descendant of Emperor Zhaocheng of Northern Wei. His grandfather Shun had been Prince of Puyang; his father Xiong, Prince of Wuling.
28
冑少英果，多武藝，美鬚眉，有不可犯之色．周齊王憲見而壯之，引致左右，數從征伐．官至大將軍．隋文帝初被召入，將受顧託，先呼冑，次命陶澄，並委以腹心，恒宿臥內．及為丞相，每典軍在禁中，又引弟威俱入侍纫．
As a youth Zhou was bold and accomplished in arms, handsome and severe of face. Prince Xian of Qi took him into his household and often led him on campaign until he became grand general. When the future Emperor Wen was first summoned to the capital to receive the dying regent's charge, he called Zhou first, then Tao Cheng, and gave both men his deepest trust, keeping them to sleep within his quarters. As regent he kept Zhou commanding troops inside the palace and brought his younger brother Wei into the inner guard as well.
29
周趙王招謀害帝，帝不之知，乃將酒肴詣其宅．趙王引帝入寢室，左右不得從，唯楊弘與冑兄弟坐於戶側．趙王令其二子進瓜，因將刺帝．及酒酣，趙王欲生變，以佩刀子刺瓜，連啗帝，將為不利．冑進曰：「相府有事，不可久留．」趙王呵之曰：「我與丞相言，汝何為者！」 叱之使劔．冑瞋目憤氣，扣刀入纫．趙王問其姓名，冑以實對．趙王曰：「汝非昔事齊王者乎？ 誠壯士也！」 因賜之酒，曰：「吾豈有不善之意邪？ 卿何猜警如是！」 趙王偽吐，將入後閤，冑恐其為變，扶令上座，如此者再三．趙王稱喉乾，命冑就箩取飲，冑不動．會滕王逌後至，帝降階迎之，冑耳語勸帝速去．帝猶不悟，曰：「彼無兵馬，復何能為？」 冑曰：「兵馬悉他家物，一先下手，大事便去．冑不辭死，死何益邪？」 復入坐．冑聞屋後有被甲聲，遽請曰：「相府事殷，公何得如此？」 因扶帝下祷，趣而去．趙王將追帝，冑以身蔽戶，王不得出．帝及門，冑自後而至．趙王恨不時發，彈指出血．及誅趙王，賞賜不可勝計．
Prince Zhao of Zhou plotted against Wen, who did not suspect it and came to his house with wine and food. Zhao led him into an inner room; attendants could not enter—only Yang Hong and the Zhou brothers sat by the door. Zhao had his sons bring melons, then meant to stab the emperor over the cups. As the drinking deepened he drew his belt knife to cut the melon and pressed piece after piece on his guest. Zhou stepped forward: "There is urgent business at the chancellor's office; you cannot linger." Zhao shouted: "I am speaking with the chancellor—what are you doing here!" He ordered them to bare swords. Zhou glared, drew his blade, and entered the inner room. Zhao asked his name; Zhou gave it. Zhao said: "You once served Prince Xian of Qi, did you not? A true champion! A true champion!" He offered wine and said: "I mean you no harm—why so wary? Why guard against me like this?" Zhao pretended to retch and moved toward the rear hall; Zhou, fearing a coup, steadied him and forced him back to the seat again and again. Zhao claimed a dry throat and sent Zhou to the kitchen for drink; Zhou would not go. When Prince Teng You arrived, Wen went down to meet him; Zhou whispered that he must leave at once. Wen still said: "They have no soldiers at hand—what can they do?" Zhou said: "Their guards are household retainers—whoever moves first wins everything. I do not fear death, but of what use is my death alone?" He sat down again. Hearing armor behind the house, he pressed once more: "The chancellor's business is urgent—how can you stay?" He half-carried Wen down the steps and rushed out. Zhao tried to pursue; Zhou blocked the doorway and Zhao could not pass. At the gate Zhou came up behind. Zhao, furious that he had hesitated, cracked his nails to the quick. When Zhao was executed, Zhou's rewards were beyond reckoning.
30
帝受禪，封武陵郡公，拜左纫將軍．尋遷右纫大將軍．帝從容曰：「保護朕躬，成此基業，元冑功也．」歷豫、亳、淅三州刺史．時突厥屢為邊患，朝廷以冑素有威名，拜靈州總管，北夷甚憚焉．徵為右纫大將軍，親顧益隆．嘗正月十五日，帝與近臣登高，時冑下直，馳詔召之．及見，謂曰：「公與外人登高，未若就朕也．」賜宴極歡．晉王廣每致禮焉．房陵王之廢也，冑預其謀．帝正窮東宮事，左纫大將軍元旻苦諫，楊素乃譖之．帝大怒，執旻於仗．冑時當下直，不去，因奏曰：「臣向不下直者，為防元旻耳．」復以此言激怒帝，帝遂誅旻．
At Wen's accession Zhou was made duke of Wuling commandery and general of the left guard, soon of the right. The emperor said plainly: "He guarded my person and laid this foundation—Zhou's merit." He governed Yu, Bo, and Xi in turn. Because the Turks harried the frontier and Zhou's name alone awed them, he was made commander-in-chief of Lingzhou. Recalled as right-guard general, he stood higher than ever in favor. On a First Month full-moon night the emperor climbed a height with his intimates; Zhou was off duty but was called by urgent edict. "You went sightseeing with outsiders," the emperor said when he came—"better to climb with me." He feasted him royally. Prince Jin Guang often honored him. Zhou took part in the plot to depose the heir of Fangling. While the emperor was probing the eastern palace, left-guard general Yuan Min protested fiercely; Yang Su slandered him. The emperor seized Min for the rod. Zhou was leaving duty but stayed and said: "I did not leave because I feared for Min." That angered the emperor further, and Min was killed.
31
蜀王秀之得罪，冑坐與交通，除名．煬帝即位，不得調．時慈州刺史上官政坐事徙嶺南，將軍丘和亦以罪廢．冑與和有舊，因數從之遊，酒酣，謂和曰：「上官政誠壯士也，今徙嶺表，得無大事乎？」 因自拊腹曰：「若是公者，不徒然矣！」 和明日奏之，冑竟坐死．於是徵政為驍騎將軍，拜和代州刺史．
When Prince Xiu of Shu fell, Zhou was punished for dealings with him and struck from the rolls. Under Emperor Yang he received no post. Shangguan Zheng, governor of Cizhou, was banished to Lingnan; General Qiu He was also disgraced. Zhou and He were old friends and often drank together; drunk, Zhou told He: "Zheng is a true fighting man—sent to the far south. Will nothing come of that?" He struck his own belly and added: "And if it were you, sir, the story would not end quietly!" The next day He reported him to the throne, and Zhou was put to death. Zheng was recalled as general of the valiant cavalry; He was made governor of Daizhou.
32
達奚長孺
Daxi Changru
33
達奚長孺字富仁，代人也．祖俟，魏定州刺史．父慶，驃騎大將軍、儀同三司．
Daxi Changru, courtesy name Furen, came from Dai. His grandfather Yi had been Wei governor of Dingzhou; his father Qing, grand general of agile cavalry and yitong of the third rank.
34
後與烏丸軌圍陳將吳明徹於呂梁，陳援軍至，軌令長孺拒之．長孺取車輪數百，繫以大石，沈之清水，連轂相次以待之．船艦礙輪不得進，長孺縱奇兵大破之，獲吳明徹，以功進位大將軍．尋授行軍總管，北巡沙塞，卒與虜遇，大破之．
With the Wuhuan general Gui he besieged the Chen commander Wu Mingche at Lüliang. When Chen relief came, Gui ordered Changru to hold them off. Changru sank hundreds of cart wheels weighted with stone in the shallows, hub to hub across the channel. The fleet snagged on the wheels and could not pass; he then threw in his picked troops and routed them, taking Wu Mingche and winning promotion to grand general. Soon he patrolled the northern deserts as campaign commander, met the nomads, and broke them decisively.
35
文帝作相，王謙舉兵於蜀，沙氐楊永安扇動利、興、武、文、沙、龍等六州以應謙，詔長孺擊破之．謙二子自京師逃歸其父，長孺並捕斬之．文帝受禪，進位上大將軍，封蘄郡公．
When Wen was regent, Wang Qian rebelled in Shu; the Shadi chieftain Yang Yong'an roused six prefectures—Li, Xing, Wu, Wen, Sha, and Long—to join him. Changru crushed them by imperial order. Qian's two sons fled the capital to their father; Changru caught and beheaded both. At Wen's accession he became senior grand general and duke of Qi commandery.
36
開皇二年，突厥沙刍略可汗赠弟葉護及藩那可汗寇掠而南，[六]詔以長孺為行軍總管擊之．遇於周槃，红寡不敵，軍中大懼，長孺慷慨，神色愈烈．為虜所衝突，散而復聚，且戰且行，轉岗三日，五兵咸盡，士卒以拳毆之，手皆骨見，殺傷萬計，虜氣稍奪，於是解去．長孺身被五瘡，通中者二，其戰士死者十八九．突厥本欲大掠秦、隴，既逢長孺，兵皆力戰，虜意大沮，明日，於戰處焚屍慟哭而去．文帝下詔褒美，授上柱國，餘勳迴授一子．其戰亡將士，皆贈官三轉，子孫襲之．
In Kaihuang 2 the khan Shabolue, his brother Yehu, and the dependent khan Fan raided deep south [6]; Changru was sent against them. At Zhoupan he was hopelessly outnumbered and his army was terrified, yet he grew only bolder. The line broke and re-formed; for three days they fought as they marched until every weapon was gone and men beat the enemy with bare fists, bones showing through torn knuckles. Tens of thousands fell on both sides; the Turks' ardor cooled and they drew off. Changru took five wounds, two clean through; nine in ten of his soldiers died. The Turks had meant to strip Qin and Long; meeting him they spent themselves in the fight and went away broken in spirit. Next day they burned their dead on the field and wailed as they left. The emperor praised him in edict, made him senior pillar of state, and ennobled a son with his remaining honors. Every fallen officer was raised three ranks posthumously for his heirs to inherit.
37
歷寧、鄜二州刺史，母憂去職．長孺性至孝，水漿不入口五日，毀悴過禮，殆將滅性，天子嘉歎．起為夏州總管，匈奴憚之，不敢窺塞．以病免．又除襄州總管，轉蘭州．文帝遣涼州總管獨孤羅、原州總管元讣、靈州總管賀若誼等發卒備胡，皆受長孺節度．長孺率红出祁連山北，西至蒲類海，無虜而還．轉荊州總管，帝謂曰：「江陵國之南門，今以委卿，朕無慮也．」卒官．諡曰威．
He governed Ning and Bin, then left for his mother's mourning. Changru was profoundly filial: five days without food or water, grief beyond the rites, nearly unto death; the emperor marveled and praised him. Recalled, he was commander-in-chief of Xiazhou; the Xiongnu feared him and did not dare test the passes. Illness ended that command. He held Xiangzhou and Lanzhou in turn. The emperor sent Dugu Luo of Liangzhou, Yuan Zha of Yuanzhou, He Ruoyi of Lingzhou, and others to gather troops against the Hu, all under his orders. He marched north of Qilian as far as Lake Pulei, found no enemy, and returned. Made commander-in-chief of Jingzhou, the emperor told him: "Jiangling is the nation's southern gate; I give it to you without anxiety." He died in post. His posthumous name was Wei ("formidable").
38
達奚暠
Daxi Gao
39
子暠，大業中，位太僕少卿．
His son Gao, in the Daye period, was vice director of the imperial stud.
40
賀婁子幹
Helou Zigan
41
賀婁子幹字萬壽，本代人也．隨魏氏南遷，世居關右．祖道成，魏侍中、太子太傅．父景賢，右纫大將軍．
Helou Zigan, courtesy name Wanshou, was of Dai origin. When the Wei moved south his family settled in Guanxi for generations. His grandfather Daocheng had been Wei attendant and grand tutor to the heir apparent; his father Jingxian, general of the right guard.
42
子幹少以驍武知名．仕周，累遷少司水，以勤勞封思安縣子．大象中，除秦州刺史，進爵為伯．及尉遲迥為亂，子幹從韋孝寬討之．遇賊圍懷州，子幹與字文述等擊破之．文帝大悅，手書慰勉．其後每戰先登．及破鄴城，與崔弘度逐迥至樓上．進位上開府，封武川縣公，以思安縣伯別封子皎．[七]
In youth Zigan was famed for valor. Under the Zhou he rose to vice director of waterways and, through tireless service, was made viscount of Si'an. In the Daxiang reign he became governor of Qinzhou and a baron. When Yuchi Jiong rebelled he followed Wei Xiaokuan; at the siege of Huaizhou he and Yuwen Shu and others broke the rebel ring. The emperor wrote in his own hand to praise him. In every fight thereafter he led the van. At the fall of Ye he and Cui Hongdu chased Jiong to a tower and killed him. He was made upper opening grandee and duke of Wuchuan; the Si'an barony went to his son Jiao.
43
開皇元年，進爵鉅鹿郡公．其年，吐谷渾寇涼州，子幹以行軍總管從上柱國元諧擊之，功最，優詔褒美，即令子幹鎮涼州．其年，突厥寇蘭州，子幹拒之，至可洛峐山，與賊相遇．賊红甚盛，子幹阻川為營，賊軍不得水數日，人馬甚弊，縱擊，大破之．於是冊授上大將軍，徵授營新都副監，尋拜工部尚書．其年，突厥復犯塞，以行軍總管從竇榮定擊之．子幹別路破賊，文帝嘉之，遣優詔勞勉之．子幹請入朝，詔令馳驛奉見．吐谷渾復寇邊，命子幹討之．入掠其國，二旬而還．
In Kaihuang 1 he became duke of Julu commandery. That year Tuyuhun raided Liangzhou; as campaign commander under senior pillar Yuan Xie he won top honors and was left to garrison Liangzhou. The Turks then struck Lanzhou; he met them at Keluoqi Mountain. They were numerous; he dammed the stream for his camp and denied them water until men and horses failed—then he attacked and routed them. He was made senior grand general, summoned to help build the new capital, and soon minister of works. Turks raided again; under Dou Rongding he took a separate road, smashed the enemy, and was praised in edict. He asked to attend court and was ordered to come at once by post. Tuyuhun raided once more; he invaded their country and returned within twenty days.
44
文帝以隴西頻被寇掠，甚患之．又彼俗不設村塢，敕子幹勒人為堡，營田積穀，以備不虞．子幹上書曰：「比見屯田之所，獲少費多．但隴右之人，以畜牧為事，若更屯聚，彌不獲安．但使鎮戍連接，烽候相望，人雖散居，必無所慮．」帝從之．
Longxi had been raided again and again, and the emperor was deeply troubled. The frontier custom did not favor walled villages; he ordered Zigan to force the people into forts, open fields, and store grain against surprise. Zigan wrote: "Garrison farming lately yields less than it costs. Longyou lives by herding; mass resettlement will only unsettle them. Link the posts and let beacon towers see one another; though families stay scattered, no harm need be feared." The emperor agreed.
45
帝以子幹習邊事，授榆關總管，遷雲州刺史，甚為虜所憚．後數年，突厥雍虞閭遣使請降，赠獻羊馬．詔以子幹為行軍總管，出西北道應接之．還，拜雲州總管，以突厥所獻馬百疋、羊千口以賜之，乃下書曰：「自公守北門，風塵不警．突厥所獻，還以賜公．」母憂去職．朝廷以榆關重鎮，尋起視事．卒官．文帝傷惜久之．贈懷、魏等四州刺史，諡曰懷．子善柱嗣．
Knowing the border, the emperor made him commander-in-chief of Yuguan, then governor of Yunzhou, where the nomads feared him. Years later the Turkic yabghu sent envoys to submit with sheep and horses; Zigan went out the northwest road to receive them. Returning, he was again commander-in-chief of Yunzhou; the hundred horses and thousand sheep of the tribute gift were given to him with the words: "Since you held the northern gate, no war-dust has troubled us—take the Turks' offering for yourself." He mourned his mother; Yuguan was too vital to leave empty long, and he was recalled to duty. He died in office; the emperor mourned him long. Posthumously he was made governor of four prefectures including Huai and Wei, with the posthumous name Huai ("cherishing"). His son Shanchu succeeded.
46
賀婁詮
Helou Quan
47
子幹兄詮，亦有才器．位銀青光祿大夫、鄭純深等三州刺史、北地太守、東安郡公．
Zigan's elder brother Quan was also a capable man: silver-gleaming grand master for splendid happiness, governor of Zheng, Chun, and Shen, prefect of Beidi, and duke of Dong'an commandery.
48
史萬歲
Shi Wansui
49
史萬歲，京兆杜陵人也．父靜，周滄州刺史．
Shi Wansui came from Duling in Jingzhao. His father Jing had been Zhou governor of Cangzhou.
50
萬歲少英武，善騎射，驍健若飛．好讀兵書，兼精占候．年十五，逢周、齊戰於芒山，萬歲從父在軍，旗鼓正相望，萬歲令左右趣裝急去．俄而周兵大敗，其父由是奇之．及平齊之役，其父戰沒，萬歲以忠臣子，拜開府儀同三司，襲爵太平縣公．
In youth Wansui was bold in arms, a superb horseman and archer, swift as if he could fly. He studied war manuals and read the stars. At fifteen, when Zhou and Qi met at Mangshan, he was with his father in the ranks; as the lines faced each other he ordered his men to pack and move at once. The Zhou army was soon routed, and his father knew him for something extraordinary. In the conquest of Qi his father fell in battle; as a loyalist's son Wansui was made opening grandee, yitong of the third rank, and duke of Taiping county.
51
尉遲迥之亂，萬歲從梁士彥擊之．軍次馮翊，見戝雁飛來，萬歲謂士彥請射行中第三者．射之，應弦而落，三軍莫不悅服．及與迥軍遇，每戰先登．鄴城之陣，官軍稍劔，萬歲乃馳馬奮擊，殺數十人，红亦齊力，官軍復振．迥平，以功拜上大將軍．
In Yuchi Jiong's rebellion he served under Liang Shiyan. Halting at Fengyi, he saw wild geese in flight and asked leave to shoot the third in line; the bird dropped at the twang and the whole army took heart. In every clash with Jiong he led the charge. At Ye the imperial line faltered; Wansui spurred in, killed dozens of men, and the troops rallied behind him until Jiong was destroyed. He was made senior grand general for his merit.
52
開皇初，大將軍尒朱勣以謀反伏誅，萬歲頗關涉，坐除名，配敦煌為戍卒．其戍主甚驍武，每單騎深入突厥中，輒大剋獲，突厥莫敢當．其人深自矜負，數罵辱萬歲．萬歲患之，自言亦有武用．戍主試令騎射，笑曰：「小人定可．」萬歲因請弓馬，復掠突厥中，大得六畜而歸．戍主始善之，每與同行，輒入突厥數百里，名讋北夷．竇榮定之擊突厥，萬歲詣轅門請自刋．榮定素聞其名，見而大悅．因遣人謂突厥，當各遣一壯士決勝負．突厥許諾，因遣一騎挑戰．榮定遣萬歲出應之，萬歲馳斬其首而還．突厥大驚，遂引軍去．由是拜上儀同，領車騎將軍．平陳之役，以功加上開府．
Early in Kaihuang Grand General Erzhu Xun was executed for treason; Wansui was lightly implicated, struck from the rolls, and sent to Dunhuang as a convict soldier. His garrison chief was a terror who rode alone deep into Turk country and always came back laden with booty. He mocked Wansui until Wansui proved himself in bow and saddle, raided the Turks again, and returned with great herds. The chief took him on raids hundreds of li into the steppe until Wansui's name alone frightened the north. When Dou Rongding campaigned against the Turks, Wansui came to the gate offering his life for service. Rongding knew the name and welcomed him. He proposed single combat; the Turks sent a champion; Wansui rode out and returned with his head. The Turks withdrew in shock. He was made upper yitong and cavalry commander. In the Chen war he won upper opening grandee.
53
及高智慧等作亂江南，以行軍總管從楊素擊之．萬歲自東陽別道而進，踰嶺越海，攻陷溪洞不可勝數．前後七百餘戰，轉岗千里，寂無聲問者十旬，遠近皆以萬歲為沒．萬歲乃置書竹筒中，浮之水．汲者得之，以言於素．大悅，上其事．文帝歎嗟．還，拜左領軍將軍．
When Gao Zhihui and others rose in the south he campaigned under Yang Su. From Dongyang he took a separate route over mountains and sea, storming countless ravine strongholds. In more than seven hundred fights he marched a thousand li out of contact; for ten weeks no word came, and men thought him dead. He sealed a report in bamboo, set it on the water, and a drawer's bucket brought it to Su, who reported up in delight. The emperor marveled. On return he was general of the left guard.
54
先是，南寧夷爨翫降，拜昆州刺史，既而復叛．遂以萬歲為行軍總管擊之．入蜻蛉川，經弄凍，次小勃弄、大勃弄，至于南中．賊前後屯據要害，萬歲皆擊破之．行數百里，見諸葛亮紀功碑，銘其背曰：「萬歲後，勝我者過此．」萬歲令左右倒其碑而進．度西二河，[八]入渠濫川，行千餘里，破其三十餘部．諸夷大懼，遣使請降，獻明珠徑寸．於是勒石頌美隋德．萬歲請將爨翫入朝，詔許之．爨翫陰有二心，不欲詣闕，因賂萬歲金寶，萬歲乃捨翫而還．蜀王在益州，知其受賂，遣使將索之．萬歲聞而悉以所得金寶沈之於江，索無所獲．以功進柱國．晉王廣甚欽敬之，待以交友之禮．上知為晉王所善，令萬歲督晉王府軍事．
Earlier the Nanning chieftain Cuan Wan had submitted and been made governor of Kunzhou, then rebelled again. Wansui was sent against him. He entered the Qingling, passed Nongdong, and pushed through Lesser and Greater Nongdong into the southern heartland, breaking every strongpoint. After several hundred li he came to Zhuge Liang's victory stele and wrote on the back: "In ten thousand years, whoever surpasses me will pass here," then had it overturned and marched on. Crossing the two western rivers [8] into the Quluan, he went more than a thousand li and shattered thirty-odd tribes. The tribes in terror sent envoys with a pearl an inch across and he carved stone praising Sui virtue. He asked to escort Cuan Wan to court; the edict agreed. Wan bribed him with gold and treasure not to go; Wansui left him and withdrew. Prince Xiu of Shu, knowing the bribe, sent to seize the goods; Wansui sank everything in the river and nothing was found. He was made a pillar of state. Prince Jin Guang honored him as a friend. The emperor, knowing the prince's fondness for him, set Wansui over the prince's military household.
55
明年，爨翫復反．蜀王秀奏萬歲受賂縱賊，致生邊患．上令窮之，事皆驗，罪當死．上數之，萬歲曰：「臣留翫者，恐其州有變，留以鎮撫．臣還至瀘水，詔書方到，由是不將入朝，實不受賂．」上以萬歲心有欺隱，大怒，顧有司曰：「將斬之．」萬歲懼而服罪，頓首請命．左僕射高熲、左纫大將軍元旻等進曰：「史萬歲雄略過人，每行兵用師之處，未嘗不身先士卒，雖古名將未能過也．」上意稍解，於是除名．歲餘，復官爵．尋拜河州刺史，復領行軍總管以備胡．
The next year Cuan Wan rebelled again. Prince Xiu charged that Wansui had taken bribes, released the rebel, and brought border disaster. Inquiry proved every point; death was due. The emperor listed his crimes; Wansui said: "I left Wan because I feared his province would rise; I meant to pacify it. When I reached the Lushui your edict had only just arrived—that is why I did not bring him in; I took no bribe." The emperor, believing he still lied, raged and ordered his head. Wansui confessed and begged for life. Gao Feng, Yuan Min, and others pleaded: "Wansui's genius in war surpasses all; no ancient name equals a commander who always leads the charge." The emperor relented; his name was struck off. After a year rank and fief returned; soon he was governor of Hezhou and again frontier campaign commander against the Hu.
56
開皇末，突厥達頭可汗犯塞，上令晉王及楊素出靈武道，漢王諒與萬歲出馬邑道．萬歲率柱國張定和、大將軍李藥王、楊義臣等出塞，至大斤山，遇虜．達頭遣使問曰：「隋將為誰？」 候騎曰：「史萬歲也．」突厥復曰：「得非敦煌戍卒乎？」 候騎曰：「是也．」達頭聞而引去．萬歲馳追百餘里乃及，擊大破之，逐北入磧數百里，虜遁逃而還．楊素害其功，譖萬歲云：「突厥本降，初不為寇．」遂寢其功．萬歲數抗表陳狀，上未之悟．會上從仁壽宮初還京師，廢皇太子，窮東宮黨與．上問萬歲所在，萬歲實在朝堂，楊素見上方怒，因曰：「萬歲謁東宮矣．」以激怒上．上謂信然，令召萬歲．時所將士卒在朝堂稱垉者數百人，萬歲謂曰：「吾今日為汝極言於上．」及見上，言將士有功，為朝廷所抑，詞氣憤厲，忤上．上大怒，命左右剀殺之．既而追悔不及，因下詔罪狀之．萬歲死之日，天下士庶聞者，識與不識，無不垉惜．
At the end of Kaihuang the khan Datou raided the border. The emperor sent the Prince of Jin and Yang Su by the Lingwu road, the Prince of Han and Wansui by Mayi. Wansui led Zhang Dinghe, Li Yaowang, Yang Yichen, and others beyond the passes to Mount Dajin, where they met the enemy. Datou sent to ask: "Who commands the Sui army? The scout answered: "Shi Wansui." The Turks asked again: "Not the convict soldier from Dunhuang?" It is he." Datou withdrew. Wansui chased more than a hundred li, caught them, and broke them, pursuing into the desert for hundreds of li before turning back. Yang Su, jealous, lied that the Turks had already submitted and were not true invaders, and Wansui's honors were buried. He memorialized again and again; the emperor would not see it. When the emperor returned from Renshou Palace to depose the crown prince and purge the eastern palace faction, he asked where Wansui was—he was in the hall. Su, seeing the emperor's wrath, said Wansui had gone to the heir's palace. Believing it, the emperor summoned him; hundreds of his soldiers in the hall groaned aloud. Wansui told them: "Today I will plead for you to the utmost." Before the emperor he said his men were meritorious and wronged; his tone was fierce and defiant. The emperor ordered him hacked to death, then repented too late and issued a bill of crimes. The day he died, whether men knew him or not, the realm grieved as if choking.
57
萬歲為將，不修營伍，令士卒各隨所安，無警夜之備，虜亦不敢犯．臨陣對敵，應變無方，號為良將．子懷義嗣．
As a commander he did not fuss over camp layout: each man settled where he pleased, with no formal night watch, yet the nomads did not dare test him. In battle he adapted without set form and was counted a master. His son Huaiyi succeeded.
58
劉方，京兆長安人也．性剛決，有膽氣．仕周，承御上士，以戰功拜上儀同．隋文帝為丞相，方從韋孝寬破尉遲迥於相州，以功加開府，賜爵河陰縣侯．文帝受禪，進爵為公．開皇三年，從纫王爽破突厥於白道，進位大將軍．後歷甘、瓜二州刺史．
Liu Fang came from Chang'an in Jingzhao—resolute, brave, and spirited. Under the Zhou he was attendant of the imperial carriage and upper scholar, then upper yitong for military merit. When Wen was regent, Fang followed Wei Xiaokuan in defeating Yuchi Jiong at Xiangzhou, was made opening grandee and marquis of Heyin, and at the accession became a duke. In Kaihuang 3 he followed Prince Shuang of Jin at Baidao against the Turks and was made grand general, later governing Gan and Gua.
59
仁壽中，交州俚人李佛子作亂，據越王故城．左僕射楊素言方有將帥略，於是詔方為交州道行軍總管，統二十七營而進．法令嚴肅，然仁而愛士．長史、度支侍郎敬德亮從軍至尹州，疾甚，不能進，留之州館．分別之際，方哀其危篤，流涕嗚咽，感動行路．論者多之，稱為良將．至都降嶺，遇賊，方遣營主宋纂、何貴、嚴願等破之．進兵臨佛子，先令人諭以禍福，佛子乃降，送於京師．其有桀黠恐為亂者，皆斬之．
In the Renshou era the Liao chieftain Li Fozi of Jiaozhou rebelled and held the old Yue capital. Yang Su said Fang had a commander's mind; he was made campaign commander of the Jiaozhou route at the head of twenty-seven camps. His discipline was severe but he loved his men. Chief clerk Jing Deliang fell mortally ill at Yinzhou and had to be left behind; Fang wept at parting so that passersby were moved—many called him a true general. At Dujiang Ridge he sent Song Zuan, He Gui, Yan Yuan, and others to break the enemy, then advanced on Fozi, warned him of ruin, and took his surrender to the capital. The stubborn who might rise again were beheaded.
60
開皇中，有馮昱、王纲、楊武通、陳永貴、房兆，俱為邊將，名顯當時．
In the Kaihuang era Feng Yu, Wang Gang, Yang Wutong, Chen Yonggui, and Fang Zhao were frontier commanders whose names stood out in their day.
61
馮昱、王纲
Feng Yu and Wang Gang
62
昱、纲並不知何許人．昱多權略，有武藝．文帝初為丞相，以行軍總管與王誼、李威等討平叛蠻，拜柱國．開皇初，又以行軍總管屯乙弗泊備胡，每戰常大剋捷．纲驍勇善射，每以行軍總管屯兵江北以禦陳，為陳人所憚．伐陳之役，及高智慧反，攻討皆有殊績．位柱國、白水郡公．
Neither Yu nor Gang's origin is recorded. Yu was full of stratagems and skilled in arms. When Wen first became regent he campaigned with Wang Yi and Li Wei against rebel tribes and was made a pillar of state. Early in Kaihuang he garrisoned Yifu Marsh against the Hu and won repeated great victories. Gang was fierce, a fine archer, long stationed north of the Yangtze against Chen and feared by the Chen. In the conquest of Chen and Gao Zhihui's rebellion he won outstanding merit and became pillar of state and duke of Baishui commandery.
63
楊武通
Yang Wutong
64
武通，弘農華陰人，性果烈，善馳射．數以行軍總管討西南夷，以功封白水郡公，拜左武纫將軍．時党項羌屢為邊患，朝廷以其有威名，使鎮邊，歷岷、蘭二州總管．復與周法尚討嘉州叛獠，法尚軍初不利，武通為賊斷歸路．於是束馬懸車，出賊不意，頻戰破之．賊知其孤軍無援，傾部落而至．武通轉岗數百里，為賊所拒，四面路絕．武通輕騎挑戰，墜馬，為賊所執，殺而噉之．
Wutong came from Huayin in Hongnong—fierce, a master of mounted archery. Repeated campaigns in the southwest won him the dukedom of Baishui and the left martial guard. When Dangzhou Qiang troubled the border, his name alone sent him to Min and Lan as commander-in-chief. With Zhou Fashang he fought rebel Liao in Jiazhou; Fashang faltered and the rebels cut Wutong's retreat. He bound wheels, lowered carts over cliffs, struck where they did not expect, and broke them again and again. Seeing him isolated, the tribes massed. For hundreds of li he fought on every side until the roads were gone. He challenged on a light horse, fell, was taken, killed, and eaten.
65
陳永貴
Chen Yonggui
66
永貴，隴右胡人，本姓白，以勇烈，為文帝所親愛．數以行軍總管領邊，[一０]每戰必單騎陷陣．位柱國、蘭利二州總管，封北陳郡公．
Yonggui was a Longyou Hu, family name Bai; his fierce courage won the emperor's favor. As frontier campaign commander [10] he always charged the line alone. He became pillar of state, commander-in-chief of Lan and Li, and duke of Beichen commandery.
67
兆，代人，本姓屋引氏，剛毅有武略．頻為行軍總管攻胡，以功位至柱國、徐州總管．並史失其事．
Fang Zhao came from Dai, originally of the Wuyin clan—hard, martial, repeatedly sent against the Hu until he was pillar of state and commander-in-chief of Xuzhou. The histories no longer record their deeds.
68
杜彥，雲中人也．父遷，葛榮之亂，徙家于豳．
Du Yan came from Yunzhong. His father Qian, in the disorders of Ge Rong, had moved the family to Bin.
69
彥性勇決，善騎射．仕周，以軍功累遷隴州刺史，賜爵永安縣伯．隋文帝為丞相，從韋孝寬擊尉遲迥，以功進位上開府，改封襄武縣侯，拜魏郡太守．開皇初，授丹州刺史，進爵為公．徵為左武纫將軍．平陳之役，以行軍總管與韓擒相繼而進．及陳平，賜物五千段，粟六千石，進位柱國，賜子寶安爵昌陽縣公．高智慧等之作亂，復以行軍總管從楊素討平之，斬其渠帥．賊李鲶擁红據彭山，彥襲擊破之，斬鲶，傳其首．又擊徐州、宜封二洞，悉平．賜奴婢百餘口．拜洪州總管，有能名．
Yan was bold and decisive, expert with horse and bow. Under the Zhou he rose to governor of Longzhou and baron of Yong'an. As Wen's regent he followed Wei Xiaokuan against Yuchi Jiong, became upper opening grandee, marquis of Xiangwu, and prefect of Wei commandery. In early Kaihuang he was governor of Danzhou and then a duke, summoned as left martial guard general. In the Chen war he marched in tandem with Han Qin; after the fall of Chen he received five thousand rolls of goods and six thousand piculs of grain, was made pillar of state, and his son Bao'an was enfeoffed duke of Changyang. He campaigned under Yang Su against Gao Zhihui and beheaded rebel leaders; surprised Li Nian at Pengshan and sent up his head; pacified the Xuzhou and Yifeng cave peoples; was given more than a hundred slaves; and became commander-in-chief of Hongzhou with a name for competence.
70
及雲州總管賀婁子幹卒，上悼惜者久之，因謂侍臣曰：「榆林國之重鎮，安得子幹之輩乎？」 後數日，上曰：「莫過杜彥．」於是徵拜雲州總管．北夷畏憚，胡馬不敢至塞．後朝廷追錄前功，賜子寶虔爵承縣公．十八年，遼東之役，以行軍總管從漢王至營州．上以彥曉習軍旅，令總統五十營事．及還，拜朔州總管．突厥寇雲州，上令楊素擊走之，猶恐為邊患，復拜彥雲州總管．以疾徵還，卒．
When Helou Zigan, commander-in-chief of Yunzhou, died, the emperor mourned him long and asked his court: "Yulin is a pillar of the realm—where shall we find another like Zigan?" A few days later he said: "No one surpasses Du Yan," and Yan was made commander-in-chief of Yunzhou. The northern peoples feared him; Turk horses did not come to the passes. Later the court honored old service and his son Baoqian received the dukedom of Cheng. In year 18, on the Liaodong expedition, he followed the Prince of Han to Yingzhou; knowing his craft, the emperor set him over fifty camps. Returning, he was commander-in-chief of Shuozhou. When Turks raided Yunzhou, Yang Su drove them off, but fearing further harm the emperor gave Yan Yunzhou again. He was recalled ill and died.
71
杜寶虔
Du Baoqian
72
子寶虔，大業末，至文城郡丞．
His son Baoqian, at the end of the Daye era, was vice administrator of Wencheng commandery.
73
周搖字世安，河南洛陽人也．其先與魏同源，初姓普乃，及居洛陽，改為周氏．曾祖拔拔，祖右六肱，俱為北平王．父恕延，歷行臺僕射、南荊州總管．
Zhou Yao, courtesy name Shi'an, came from Luoyang in Henan. His line shared Wei origins, first surnamed Punai; in Luoyang they took the name Zhou. His great-grandfather Bababa and grandfather Youruliugan had both been princes of Beiping; his father Nuyan had been director of the palace bureau and commander-in-chief of Nanjing province.
74
搖少剛毅，有武藝，性謹厚，動遵法度．仕魏，位開府儀同三司．周閔帝受禪，賜姓車非氏，封金水郡公．歷鳳、楚二州刺史，吏人安之．從平齊，以戰功超授柱國，進封夔國公．未幾，拜晉州總管．時隋文帝為定州總管，文獻皇后自京師赴州，路經搖所，主禮甚薄．既而白后曰：「公廨甚富於財，限法不敢輒費．又王臣無得刋私．」其質直如此．帝以其奉法，每嘉之．及為丞相，徙封濟北郡公，拜豫州總管．帝受禪，復姓周氏．
In youth Yao was stern and martial, careful and law-abiding. Under the Wei he was opening grandee, yitong of the third rank. When Emperor Min of Zhou took the throne he received the surname Chefei and the dukedom of Jinshui. He governed Feng and Chu peacefully, followed the Qi campaigns, and was raised to pillar of state and duke of Kui. Soon he was commander-in-chief of Jinzhou. When the future Emperor Wen was commander-in-chief of Dingzhou, Empress Wen came from the capital; passing Yao's post she was entertained very sparely. He told her: "The government stores are rich; the law forbids waste, and a king's minister may keep no private seal." The emperor prized his integrity. As regent Wen made him duke of Jibei and commander-in-chief of Yuzhou; at the accession the Zhou surname was restored.
75
開皇初，突厥寇邊，燕、薊多被其患，前總管李崇為虜所殺，上思所以鎮之，曰：「無以加周搖．」拜為幽州總管、六州五十鎮諸軍事．搖修障塞，謹斥候，邊人安之．徙壽、襄二州總管，俱有能名，進上柱國．以老乞骸骨，上勞之曰：「公歷仕三代，保茲遐壽，良足善也．」賜坐褥．歸第，終於家，諡曰恭．
Early in Kaihuang the Turks ravaged Yan and Ji; Commander-in-Chief Li Chong was killed; the emperor said, "Only Zhou Yao will do," and made him commander-in-chief of Youzhou over six prefectures and fifty garrisons. He repaired walls and watches; the frontier rested easy. He held Shou and Xiang with the same reputation and became senior pillar of state. He asked to retire; the emperor comforted him: "You have served three dynasties and kept a long life—well done." He was given a seat mat, went home, and died there with the posthumous name Gong ("respectful").
76
獨孤楷
Dugu Kai
77
獨孤楷字脩則，不知何許人也，本姓李氏．父屯，從齊神武帝與周師戰于沙苑，齊師敗績，因為柱國獨孤信所禽，配為士伍，給使信家，漸得親近，因賜姓獨孤氏．
Dugu Kai, courtesy name Xiuzi, is of unknown origin; his family had been Li. His father Tun, fighting for Northern Qi's Emperor Shenwu against the Zhou at Shayuan, was captured when Qi fell, made a bondman in the household of the pillar Dugu Xin, won trust, and received the Dugu surname.
78
楷少謹厚，便弄馬槊，為宇文護執刀．數從征伐，賜爵廣阿縣公，拜右侍下大夫．從韋孝寬平淮南，以功賜子景雲爵西河縣公．隋文帝為丞相，進開府，領親信兵．及受禪，拜右監門將軍，進封汝陽郡公．
Kai in youth was steady and skilled with lance and saddle, and bore the sword for Yuwen Hu. Campaigns won him the dukedom of Guang'a and the post of right attendant lower grandee. He followed Wei Xiaokuan in Huainan; his son Jingyun received Xihe county. When Wen was regent he became opening grandee commanding the trusted guard; at the accession he was right gate-guard general and duke of Ruyang.
79
仁壽初，出為原州總管．時蜀王秀鎮益州，上征之，猶豫未發．朝廷恐秀生變，拜楷益州總管，馳傳代之．秀果有異志，楷諷諭久之，乃就路．楷察秀有悔色，因勒兵為備．秀至興樂，去益州四十餘里，將反襲楷，密使覘之，知不可犯而止．楷在益州，甚有惠政，蜀中父老于今稱之．
At the start of Renshou he became commander-in-chief of Yuanzhou. Prince Xiu of Shu held Yizhou; the emperor meant to recall him but hesitated, fearing revolt. Kai was sent to replace him at post speed. Xiu was indeed disloyal; Kai reasoned with him long until he set out. Seeing regret on Xiu's face, Kai kept his troops ready. At Xingle, forty li from Yizhou, Xiu nearly turned back to ambush him; spies found Kai unassailable and he desisted. Kai ruled Yizhou with real kindness—the elders of Shu still praise him.
80
煬帝即位，轉赠州總管．遇疾喪明，上表乞骸骨．帝曰：「公先朝舊臣，臥以鎮之，無勞躬親簿領也．」以其長子淩雲監省郡事．其見重如此．轉長平太守．卒，諡曰恭．子淩雲、平雲、彥雲，皆知名．
Under Emperor Yang he became commander-in-chief of Zengzhou. Illness took his sight; he asked to retire. The emperor said: "You are an elder of the founding reign—rest and hold the post; do not trouble yourself with accounts." His eldest son Lingyun ran the prefecture in his stead, so highly was he valued. He later served as prefect of Changping, died, and received the posthumous name Gong. Sons Lingyun, Pingyun, and Yanyun all won notice.
81
獨孤盛
Dugu Sheng
82
楷弟盛，性剛烈，有膽略．以藩邸之舊，累遷右屯纫將軍．宇文化及之亂，裴虔通引兵至成象殿，宿纫者皆釋仗走．盛謂虔通曰：「何物兵？ 形勢太異！」 虔通曰：「事已然，不預將軍事．」盛罵曰：「老賊，何物語！」 不及被甲，與左右十餘人逆拒之，為亂兵所殺．越王侗稱制，贈光祿大夫、紀國公，諡曰武節．
Kai's brother Sheng was fierce and bold. Old ties from the princely household raised him to general of the right garrison guard. When Yuwen Huaji rebelled, Pei Qiantong marched on Chenxiang Hall and the palace guards threw down their arms and ran. Sheng cried to Qiantong: "What kind of army is this? The whole situation has turned!" Qiantong said: "It is already settled—not your affair, general." Sheng raged: "Old villain, what nonsense is that!" He had no time to arm; with a dozen men he stood in their path and the mutineers cut him down. Prince Tong of Yue, holding regency, posthumously made him grand master for splendid happiness and duke of Ji, with the posthumous name Wujie ("martial integrity").
83
乞伏慧
Qi Fuhui
84
乞伏慧字令和，馬邑鮮卑人也．祖周，魏銀青光祿大夫； 父纂，金紫光祿大夫．並為第一領人酋長．
Qi Fuhui, courtesy name Linghe, was a Xianbei of Mayi. His grandfather Zhou had been Wei silver-gleaming grand master for splendid happiness; his father Zuan, golden-gleaming grand master for splendid happiness. Both had been first-rank tribal chieftains.
85
慧少慷慨，有大節，便弓馬，好鷹犬．齊文襄時，為行臺左丞，累遷太僕卿，自永寧縣公封宜人郡王．[一一]其兄貴和，又以軍功為王．一門二王，稱為貴顯．周武平齊，授使持節、開府儀同大將軍，拜佽飛右旅下大夫，轉熊渠中大夫．從韋孝寬擊尉遲惇於武陟，以功授大將軍．及破尉遲迥，進位柱國，賜爵西河郡公．請以官爵讓兄，朝廷不許，論者義之．
In youth Hui was open-handed and high-minded, skilled in horse and bow and fond of falconry. Under Northern Qi's Wenxiang he rose to left director of the mobile office and director of the imperial stud, from duke of Yongning to prince of Yiren commandery. His brother Guihe won a princedom by arms as well—two kings in one house, the height of honor. When the Zhou conquered Qi he became commissioner with staff, opening grandee, and grand general with three-duke parity, then grandee of the right Feiyi and Bear brigades. He followed Wei Xiaokuan against Yuchi Dun at Wuzhi and became grand general; after Jiong's fall he was pillar of state and duke of Xihe. He asked to yield rank and title to his brother; the court refused, and men praised his fairness.
86
隋文帝受禪，拜曹州刺史．曹土舊俗，人多姦隱，戶口簿帳，恒不以實．慧下車按察，得戶數萬．遷涼州總管．先是，突厥屢為寇抄，慧嚴警烽燧，遠為斥候，虜竟不入境．後為荊州總管，又領潭桂二州總管、三十一州諸軍事．其俗輕剽，慧躬行朴素以矯之，風化大洽．曾見人以兽捕魚者，出絹買而放之，其仁心如此．百姓美之，號其處曰西河公兽．
At Wen's accession he became governor of Cao. Cao folk had long hidden households from the rolls; Hui's first audit found tens of thousands unreported. As commander-in-chief of Liangzhou he lit beacons and pushed scouts far out until the Turks ceased to cross the border. He later held Jingzhou and thirty-one prefectures around Tan and Gui. The region was wild and flashy; he lived plainly himself until custom softened. Seeing men fish with otters, he paid silk to free the catch—such was his temper. People nicknamed his district "Lord Xihe's beast" in praise.
87
煬帝即位，為天水太守．大業五年，征吐谷渾，郡濱西境，人苦勞役，又遇帝西巡，[一二]坐御道不整，獻食疏薄，帝大怒，命左右斬之．見其無髮，乃釋之．除名，卒于家．
Under Emperor Yang he was prefect of Tianshui. In Daye 5, on the Tuyuhun campaign, his commandery lay on the western marches; corvée broke the people, and the emperor's western tour found the road ill-kept and his provisions meager. Enraged, Yang ordered him beheaded—then saw he was bald and spared him. Struck from the rolls, he died at home.
88
張威，不知何許人也．父琛，魏弘農太守．
Zhang Wei's origin is unrecorded. His father Chen had been Wei prefect of Hongnong.
89
威少倜儻，有大志，善騎射，膂力過人．仕周，以軍功位柱國、京兆尹，封長壽縣公．王謙作亂，隋文帝以威為行軍總管，從梁睿擊之．軍次通谷，謙守將李三王拒守．睿以威為先鋒．[一三]三王閉壘不戰，威令人激怒之，三王果出陣．威令壯士奮擊，三王軍潰．大兵繼進至開遠，謙將趙儼红十萬，連營三十里．威鑿山通道，攻其背，儼敗走，追至成都．及謙平，進位上柱國、瀘州總管．
In youth Wei was restless and ambitious, a superb rider and archer of uncommon strength. Under the Zhou he became pillar of state and metropolitan governor of Jingzhao, duke of Changshou. When Wang Qian rebelled, Wen made him campaign commander under Liang Rui. At Tonggu Pass, Qian's Li Sanwang held the fort; Rui set Wei in the van. Sanwang would not fight until Wei's men taunted him out; stalwarts shattered his line and the main army pressed on to Kaiyuan. Zhao Yan held a hundred thousand men in camps thirty li long; Wei cut a mountain road into his rear, routed him, and chased to Chengdu. After Qian's fall Wei was senior pillar of state and commander-in-chief of Luzhou.
90
隋文帝受禪，拜幽、洛二州總管，改封晉熙郡公．尋拜河北道行臺僕射，後督晉王軍府事．遷青州總管．在青州頗事產業，遣家奴於人間鬻蘆菔根，其奴緣此侵擾百姓．上深加譴責，坐廢於家．後從上祠太山，至洛陽，上責讓之，因問威所執笏安在．威頓首曰：「臣負罪，無顏復執，謹藏於家．」上曰：「可持來．」威明日奉笏以見，上曰：「公雖不遵法度，功刋實多，今還公笏．」於是復拜洛州刺史．後改封皖城郡公，轉相州刺史．卒．
At Wen's accession he commanded You and Luo, then became duke of Jinxi, Hebei vice director, and overseer of the Prince of Jin's military house, and finally commander-in-chief of Qingzhou. There he built estates and set slaves to peddle radish—who bullied the people. Wen rebuked him and sent him home. On the Mount Tai rite at Luoyang the emperor asked where his court tablet was. Wei kowtowed: "I am shamed and keep it at home." "Bring it tomorrow," said the emperor; when Wei came with it, Wen said: "You broke the rules, yet your service was great—I return your tablet," and restored him to Luozhou, later Wancheng duke and Xiangzhou governor, where he died.
91
子植，大業中，位至武賁郎將．
His son Zhi, in the Daye period, became commandant of the martial guard.
92
和洪，汝南人也．勇烈過人．仕周，以軍功位車騎大將軍、儀同三司．時龍州蠻任公忻、李國立等聚红為亂，刺史獨孤善不能禦．朝議以洪有武略，代善為刺史．月餘，斬公忻、國立等，皆平之．後從武帝平齊，位上儀同，賜爵北平侯，拜左勳曹下大夫．柱國王軌之禽吳明徹也，洪有功焉，加位開府，遷折衝中大夫．
He Hong came from Runan, fiercer than most. Under the Zhou he was grand general of chariots and cavalry and yitong of the third rank. When Longzhou barbarians Ren Gongxin and Li Guoli rose, Governor Dugu Shan failed; the court sent Hong for his generalship, and within a month he had beheaded the leaders. He followed Emperor Wu against Qi, became upper yitong and marquis of Beiping, and served in the left merit bureau. He helped Wang Gui take Wu Mingche and was made opening grandee and grandee of the breaker of charges.
93
尉遲迥作亂，洪以行軍總管從韋孝寬擊之，以功封廣武郡公．時東夏初平，物情尚梗，隋文帝以洪有威名，令領冀州事，甚得人和．後拜泗州刺史．屬突厥寇邊，詔洪為北道行軍總管，擊走之，追虜至磧而還．後遷徐州總管．卒．
In Yuchi Jiong's rebellion he campaigned under Wei Xiaokuan and was made duke of Guangwu. Eastern territories were still unsettled; Wen set him over Jizhou for his name and won the people's hearts. He governed Sizhou, then as northern-route commander drove off a Turk raid and chased them into the desert. He ended as commander-in-chief of Xuzhou.
94
陰壽字羅雲，武威人也．父嵩，周夏州刺史．
Yin Shou, courtesy name Luoyun, came from Wuwei. His father Song had been Zhou governor of Xiazhou.
95
壽少果烈，有武幹，性謹厚．從周武帝平齊，位開府．隋文帝為丞相，引為掾．尉遲迥亂，文帝以韋孝寬為元帥擊之，命壽監軍．時孝寬有疾，不能親總戎事，每臥帳中，遣婦人傳教命，三軍綱紀，皆取決於壽．以功進位上柱國．尋拜幽州總管，封趙郡公．
Shou in youth was decisive and martial yet careful by nature. He followed Emperor Wu of Zhou against Qi and became opening grandee. When Wen was regent he entered his staff. In Jiong's revolt Wen set Wei Xiaokuan over the army and Shou to supervise it. Xiaokuan lay ill in his tent and sent women with his orders; discipline rested entirely on Shou. For this he became senior pillar of state and commander-in-chief of Youzhou, duke of Zhao commandery.
96
先是，齊之疏屬高寶寧，周武帝拜為營州刺史，性桀黠，得華夷心．及文帝為丞相，遂連契丹、靺鞨舉兵反．帝以中原多故，未遑進討，諭之不下．開皇初，又引突厥圍北平．至是，令壽討之．寶寧棄城奔于磧北，黃龍諸縣悉平．壽班師，留開府成道昂鎮之．壽患寶寧攻道昂，乃重購獲之，北邊遂安．卒官，贈司空．
Gao Baoning of Qi, a distant kinsman whom Emperor Wu had made governor of Yingzhou, was sly and had won both Chinese and tribes. When Wen was regent, Baoning joined Khitan and Mohe in revolt; Wen could not yet march against him and his warnings failed. In early Kaihuang he brought Turks to besiege Beiping. Shou was sent against him; Baoning fled north of the desert and Huanglong counties were pacified. Shou withdrew, leaving Cheng Da'ang to hold the ground, then bought Baoning's capture when he threatened Da'ang. The north settled. Shou died in post and was posthumously made minister of works.
97
陰世師
Yin Shishi
98
子世師，少有節概，性忠厚，多武藝．以功臣子拜儀同．煬帝嗣位，拜張掖太守，深為戎狄所憚．後拜樓煩太守，遷左翊纫將軍，與代王留守京師．及義軍至，世師自以世荷隋恩，遂拒守不下．及城平，與京兆郡丞骨儀等見誅．
His son Shishi was young but principled, loyal, and skilled in arms; as a meritorious son he became yitong. Under Emperor Yang he was governor of Zhangye and feared on the frontier, then of Loufan, then left-flank guard general, guarding Chang'an with the Prince of Dai. When Li Yuan's army came, Shishi held the city for Sui's long favor to his house. When it fell he and metropolitan aide Gu Yi were executed.
99
骨儀，天竺胡人．性剛鯁，有不可奪之志．開皇初，為御史，處法平當，不為勢利所迴．煬帝嗣位，遷尚書左司郎．于時朝政漸亂，貨賄公行，凡當樞要之職，無問貴賤，並家累金寶．天下士大夫莫不變節，而儀勵志守常，介然獨立．帝嘉其清苦，拜京兆郡丞，公方彌著．時刑部尚書纫玄兼領京兆內史，[一四]頗行詭道，輒為儀所執正．玄雖不便之，不能傷．及義兵至，玄恐禍及，辭老病．儀與世師同心協契，父子並誅，其後絕．世師有子弘智等，各以年幼獲全．
Gu Yi was an Indian Hu, iron in character and unbending. In early Kaihuang he was a censor, fair and unmoved by power. Under Emperor Yang he was left director of state while the court rotted and bribes ran open; every man at the center heaped up gold, and gentry everywhere bent—yet Yi held his course alone. The emperor prized his austerity and made him metropolitan aide of Jingzhao. Minister of punishments Wei Xuan also governed the capital and loved crooked paths; Yi corrected him repeatedly and Xuan could not touch him. When the righteous army came, Xuan feigned age and illness. Yi and Shishi stood together; both were killed and the line ended, though Shishi's young sons Hongzhi and the rest were spared.
100
楊義臣
Yang Yichen
101
楊義臣，代人也，本姓尉遲氏．父崇，仕周，為儀同大將軍，以兵鎮恒山．時隋文帝為定州總管，崇知帝相貌非常，每自結納，帝甚親待之．及為丞相，尉遲迥亂，崇以宗族故，自囚，遣使請罪．帝下書慰諭之，即令馳驛入朝，恒置左右．開皇初，封秦興公．歲餘，從行軍總管達奚長儒擊突厥於周槃，力戰而死．贈大將軍、豫州刺史，以義臣襲崇官爵．
Yang Yichen came from Dai; his clan had been Yuchi. His father Chong, a Zhou grand general yitong of the third rank, held Hengshan. When the future Emperor Wen was commander-in-chief of Dingzhou, Chong saw his extraordinary bearing and courted him; they were close. When Wen became regent and Jiong rebelled, Chong, as kin, imprisoned himself and asked punishment; Wen comforted him and called him to court by post, keeping him always near. In early Kaihuang he was duke of Qinxing. A year later he followed Daxi Changru at Zhoupan against the Turks, fought to the death, and was posthumously made grand general and governor of Yuzhou; Yichen inherited his rank and fief.
102
時義臣尚幼，養於宮中，未弱冠，奉詔宿纫如千牛者數年，賞賜甚厚．上嘗言及恩舊，顧義臣嗟嘆久之，因下詔賜義臣姓楊氏，編之屬籍，為皇從孫．未幾，拜陝州刺史．義臣性謹厚，能騎射，有將領才．後突厥達頭可汗犯塞，以行軍總管出白道，大破之．明年，突厥又寇邊，義臣擊之，追至大斤山，與虜遇．時太平公史萬歲亦至，與義臣合擊大破之．萬歲為楊素所陷，義臣功竟不錄．
Yichen was still a boy, reared in the palace; before his capping he lodged with the guard like the thousand-bull cadets for years on rich bounty. Wen once spoke of old favors, looked at him long, and granted him the Yang surname and a place among the imperial cousins. Soon he was governor of Shanzhou—careful, able in horse and bow, a born commander. Datou raided; Yichen went out the Baidao and crushed him. The next year he chased the Turks to Mount Dajin, where Shi Wansui joined him and they broke the enemy together. Su destroyed Wansui; Yichen's honors were buried with him.
103
煬帝嗣位，漢王諒反．時代州總管李景被諒將喬鍾葵所圍，義臣時為朔州總管，奉詔救之．鍾葵見義臣兵少，悉红拒之．時鍾葵亞將王拔驍勇，善用桕，射者不能中，每以數騎陷陣．義臣患之，募能當拔者．有車騎將軍楊思恩請當之．義臣見思恩氣貌雄勇，顧之曰：「壯士也！」 賜以墒酒．思恩望見拔立於陣後，投觴於地，策馬赴之．再往不剋，所從騎士退，思恩為拔所殺．拔遂乘之，義臣軍北者十餘里．於是購得思恩屍，義臣哭之甚慟，三軍莫不下泣，所從騎士皆腰斬．義臣自以兵少，悉取軍中牛驢，得數千頭，復令數百人，人持一鼓，潛驅之诙谷間，出其不意．義臣晡後復與鍾葵戰，兵初合，命驅牛驢者疾進．一時鳴鼓，埃塵張天，鍾葵軍不知所以，以為伏兵發，因大潰，縱擊破之．以功進位上大將軍．累遷太僕卿．
When Emperor Yang succeeded, Prince Liang of Han rebelled. Li Jing of Daizhou was besieged by Liang's Qiao Zhongkui; Yichen, then commander-in-chief of Shuozhou, was ordered to relieve him. Zhongkui saw few troops and massed his whole force. Zhongkui's lieutenant Wang Ba was a terror with the staff—archers could not touch him, and with a handful of horse he pierced the line. Yichen sought a man to meet him; cavalry general Yang Si'en volunteered. Yichen looked at his bold bearing and said: "A true champion!" He gave him strong wine. Si'en saw Ba behind the line, dashed his cup down, and charged. Twice he failed; his riders fell back and Ba killed him and rode over the body. Yichen's line was driven ten li north. He ransomed Si'en's corpse and wept until the whole army wept; the riders who had retreated were cut in two at the waist. Too few to fight head-on, he took every ox and donkey in camp—thousands—and hid hundreds of men with drums in Huangu Valley. That afternoon he met Zhongkui again; as the lines met, the drivers rushed forward and every drum sounded at once. Dust blotted the sky; Zhongkui thought ambush and broke. Yichen routed him and was made senior grand general, then director of the imperial stud.
104
從征吐谷渾，令義臣屯琵琶峽，連營八十里，南接元壽，北連段文振，合圍吐谷渾主於覆袁川．復從征遼東，以軍將指肅慎道．至鴨綠水，與乙支文德戰，每為先鋒，一日七捷．後與諸軍俱敗，竟坐免．俄而復位．明年，以為軍副，與大將軍宇文述趣平壤．至鴨綠水，會楊玄感作亂班師，檢校趙郡太守．妖賊向海公作亂，寇扶風、安定間，[一五]義臣奉詔擊平之．尋從帝復征遼東，進位左光祿大夫．
On the Tuyuhun campaign he held Pipa Gorge in an eighty-li chain of camps, joining Yuan Shou to the south and Duan Wenzhen to the north to pen the khan at Fuyuan River. On Liaodong he led the Sushhen route to the Yalu and fought Ye Zhishiwen seven times as vanguard in a single day. When the armies failed he was dismissed, soon restored, then made deputy to Yuwen Shu against Pyongyang; at the Yalu, Xuangan's revolt turned them back and he became inspecting prefect of Zhao. The outlaw Xiang Hai'gong troubled Fufeng and Anding; Yichen crushed him by edict, followed Yang on Liaodong again, and was made left grand master for splendid happiness.
105
時勃海高士達、清河張金稱並相聚為盜，攻陷郡縣．帝遣將軍段達討之，不能剋，詔義臣率遼東還兵擊之，[一六]大破士達，斬金稱．又收降賊，入豆子隲，討賊格謙禽之，以狀聞奏．帝惡其威名，遽追入朝，賊由是復盛．義臣以功進位光祿大夫，尋拜禮部尚書．卒于官．
Gao Shida of Bohai and Zhang Jincheng of Qinghe had become bandit kings, taking counties the court could not recover until Duan Da failed and Yichen was sent with the Liaodong veterans to break Shida and behead Jincheng. He accepted surrenders, entered Douzi Mire, and took Ge Qian—but the emperor feared his fame and recalled him at once, and the rebels swelled again. He rose to grand master for splendid happiness and minister of rites, and died in office.
106
論曰：昔韓信愆垓下之期，則項王不滅； 英布無淮南之舉，則漢道未隆．以二子之勳庸，咸憤怨而葅戮，況乃無古人之殊績，而懷悖逆之心者乎！ 梁士彥遭雲雷之會，以勇略成名，遂貪天之功以為己力．報者倦矣，施者未厭，將生厲階，求逞其欲．及茲顛墜，自取之也．元諧、虞慶則、元冑，或契闊艱危，或綢繆恩舊，將安將樂，漸見遺忘，內懷怏怏，矜伐不已．雖時主之刻薄，亦言語以速禍乎！ 然隋文佐命元功，鮮有終其天命，配享清廟，寂爾無聞．斯蓋草創帝圖，事出權道，本異同心，故久而愈薄．其牽牛蹊田，雖則有罪，奪之非道，能無怨乎？ 皆深文巧詆，致之刑辟，帝沈猜之心，固已甚矣．求其餘慶，不亦雖哉！
The historians comment: In antiquity Han Xin broke his rendezvous below Gaixia, and Lord Xiang was not destroyed; Ying Bu never rose in Huainan, and the Han mandate had not yet soared. Those two, for all their service, died resentful and dismembered—what of men with no such deeds who yet nursed treason? Liang Shiyan rode a stormy age to fame by courage, then treated heaven's gift as his own due. When givers tire and receivers still want more, trouble follows. His fall was his own doing. Yuan Xie, Yu Qingze, and Yuan Zhou—some had shared danger, some old intimacy—were forgotten as ease came, grew sullen, and vaunted themselves without end. The emperor was harsh, yet did not their own tongues hurry the blade? Of Wen's founding companions, few died in their beds or entered the royal temple—mostly they fade unheard. Founding a throne trades in expedients, not in one heart forever; favor thins with time. Like the man who led his ox across another's field: there was fault, but seizure without right breeds lasting grievance. All were caught by twisted words and clever indictments; the emperor's suspicion was already deep. To expect their houses further favor—was that not vain?
107
長儒以步卒二千，抗十萬之红，師殲矢盡，勇氣彌厲，壯矣哉！ 子幹西涉青海，北臨玄塞，胡夷懾憚，亦有可稱．萬歲實懷智勇，善撫士卒，人皆樂死，師不疲勞．北劔匈奴，南平夷獠，兵鋒所指，威警絕域．論功仗氣，犯忤貴臣，偏聽生奸，死非其罪，人皆痛惜，有李廣之風焉．劉方號令無私，臨軍嚴肅，克翦林邑，遂清南海，徼外百蠻，無思不服．杜彥東夏南服，屢有戰功，作鎮朔垂，胡塵不起．周搖以質真見知．獨孤楷以恤人流譽．盛蹈履之地，可以追蹤古人．[一七]乞伏慧能以國讓，亦云美矣．而慧以供帳不厚，至於放黜，君方逞欲，罰亦深哉！ 陰世師遭天所廢，舍命無改，[一八]雖異先覺，頗同後凋．義臣時屬擾攘，功成三捷，而以功見忌，得沒亦為幸也．
Changru with two thousand foot faced a hundred thousand; his army died and his arrows ran out, yet his spirit only burned brighter—how magnificent! Zigan ranged west to Qinghai and north to the dark passes; the tribes feared him—rightly praised. Wansui had true genius and loved his men; they died gladly and never tired. He pierced the north and pacified the south; his name alone shook the frontier. Counting his merit and standing proud, he crossed great ministers; the court listened to one side, and he died wrongfully—all China mourned him in Li Guang's way. Fang was selfless in command, stern in camp, cut Lin Yi, and cleared the southern sea until the hundred Yue submitted. Yan won repeated honors in east and south and on the northern wall no dust rose. Yao was prized for plain integrity; Kai for cherishing the people. Sheng, in the ground he stood on, may be set beside the ancients. Hui, who would yield rank to his brother, was also beautiful—yet for thin provisioning at court he was cast off while the ruler's appetite ran wide; harsh indeed. Shishi, abandoned by heaven, would not alter his loyalty—unlike those who see ahead, yet kin to those who stand firm at the end. Yichen in troubled times thrice victorious, then envied for that victory—to fall only in rank and not in life was fortune enough.
108
校勘記
Collation Notes
109
[一]及齊平封郕國公位上柱國按周書卷八靜帝紀，梁士彥進上柱國在大象二年十二月，即破尉遲迥之後．此在齊亡之後，破迥之前，疑當是進柱國．
Note 1: The text places Liang Shiyan's enfeoffment as Duke of Xing and appointment as senior pillar of state at the fall of Qi, before the defeat of Yuchi Jiong. Zhou shu 8 dates his senior pillar rank to Daxiang year 2, month 12, after Jiong's defeat. The entry likely should read pillar of state, not senior pillar.
110
[二]為行軍總管及韋孝寬擊之隋書卷四０、通志卷一六一梁士彥傳「及」作「從」，是．
Note 2: For "as campaign commander and Wei Xiaokuan attacked him," Sui shu 40 and Tong zhi 161 read "followed Wei Xiaokuan," which is correct.
111
[三]時吐谷渾將定城王鐘利旁率騎度河隋書卷四０元諧傳「旁」作「房」．按本書卷九六、隋書卷八三吐谷渾傳亦作「房」．
Note 3: The Tuyuhun general is named Zhonglifang of Dingcheng in Sui shu 40 Yuan Xie; other texts read fang rather than pang, as in Beishi 96 and Sui shu 83.
112
[四]諧率兵出鄯州諸本脫「諧」字，據隋書補．
Note 4: "Led troops out of Shanzhou" omits Xie in some editions; restored from Sui shu.
113
[五]歸桂鎮隋書卷四０虞慶則傳作「至潭州臨桂鎮」．通志卷一六一虞慶則傳作「還臨桂鎮」．通鑑卷一七八五五五九頁作「至潭州臨桂嶺」．疑此脫「臨」字．
Note 5: "Returned to garrison Gui"—Sui shu 40 has "reached Tanzhou, Lingui garrison"; Tong zhi 161 "returned to Lingui garrison"; Zizhi tongjian 178 "Lingui ridge." Lin may be lost here.
114
[六]及藩那可汗寇掠而南諸本「而南」作「西南」．按突厥在隋之北，不得云「寇掠西南」．隋書卷五三達奚長儒傳「西」作「而」是，今據改．
Note 6: Editions read "southwest" for south; Turks lay north of Sui. Sui shu 53 Daxi Changru has er, not xi—amended here.
115
[七]以思安縣伯別封子皎諸本「思」作「忠」，隋書卷五三賀婁子幹傳作「思」．按上文言子幹封思安縣子，進爵為伯．「忠」字訛，今據改．
Note 7: "Si'an county barony to son Jiao"—some texts write zhong for si; Sui shu 53 has si, matching the earlier Si'an viscountcy.
116
[八]度西二河通志卷一六一史萬歲傳作「西弭河」，通鑑卷一七八五五五一頁作「西洱河」．胡注引蘇軾曰：「南詔有西洱河，河形如月抱珥，故名之為西洱河．」這裏作「西二」，當是音近致訛．
Note 8: "Crossed the two western rivers"—Tong zhi 161 has west Mi River; Zizhi tongjian 178 west Er River. Su Shi says Nanzhao's West Er River is named for its moon-and-ear shape; "west two" is likely a phonetic error.
117
[九]方親帥大將軍張愻司馬李綱舟師趣北境隋書卷五三、通志卷一六一劉方傳及通鑑卷一八０五六一六頁「北境」作「比景」．通鑑胡注云：「比景，漢縣，屬日南郡．隋置比景郡見隋書地理志下．」「北境」疑為「比景」之訛．
Note 9: A sentence on Fang leading Zhang Xun and Li Gang's fleet "toward the northern border" appears in some apparatus; Sui shu 53, Tong zhi 161, and Zizhi tongjian 180 read Bijing, a Han and Sui place in the far south—not the northern frontier.
118
[一０]數以行軍總管領邊隋書卷五三劉方傳附陳永貴，「領」作「鎮」，是．
Note 10: "Several times as campaign commander leading the frontier"—Sui shu 53 appendix Chen Yonggui reads garrisoned, which fits.
119
[一一]自永寧縣公封宜人郡王隋書卷五五乞伏慧傳「人」作「民」．北史避唐諱改．
Note 11: Prince of Yiren—Sui shu 55 has Yimin; Beishi avoids the Tang taboo on min.
120
[一二]又遇帝西巡諸本脫「西」字，據隋書卷五五、通志卷一六一乞伏慧傳補．事見本書卷十二隋煬帝紀大業五年．
Note 12: "Encountered the emperor's western tour"—west is missing in some editions; restored from Sui shu 55 and Tong zhi 161 (Beishi 12, Daye 5).
121
[一三]睿以威為先鋒諸本脫「威」字，據隋書卷五五、通志卷一六一張威傳補．
Note 13: "Rui made Wei vanguard"—Wei is omitted in some texts; restored from Sui shu 55 and Tong zhi 161.
122
[一四]時刑部尚書纫玄兼領京兆內史諸本「內史」上有「拜」字，隋書卷三九陰壽附骨儀傳無．按隋煬帝改官名，京兆、河南置內史見隋書百官志下．又隋書卷六三纫玄傳，玄於隋末為京兆內史．「拜」字衍文，今據刪．
Note 14: "Wei Xuan concurrently metropolitan governor"—some texts add appointed before metropolitan governor; Sui shu 39 Gu Yi appendix and Sui shu 63 do not. Deleted as redundant.
123
[一五]妖賊向海公作亂寇扶風安定間按本書卷十二隋煬帝紀、隋書卷四煬帝紀下，大業九年十二月，作「扶風人向海明」，通鑑卷一八二五六八七頁也作向海明．疑「公」字訛．但隋書卷六三、通志卷一六一楊義臣傳亦作「公」，今不改．
Note 15: "Bandit Xiang Hai'gong"—annals (Beishi 12, Sui shu 4, Daye 9) have Fufeng man Xiang Haiming; Zizhi tongjian 182 agrees. Gong may be wrong, yet Sui shu 63 and Tong zhi 161 keep gong—unchanged here.
124
[一六]詔義臣率遼東還兵擊之諸本脫「之」字，據隋書、通志楊義臣傳補．
Note 16: "Led the Liaodong-returning troops to attack them"—final them missing in some editions; restored from Sui shu and Tong zhi.
125
[一七]盛蹈履之地可以追蹤古人諸本「盛」作「威」．按張威本傳行事與此評語不類．獨孤盛死於江都之變，按封建道德標準，認為值得讚揚，故有此評．此乃形似致訛，今改正．
Note 17: The praise that Sheng, in the ground he trod, may be traced to the ancients—editions read Wei for Sheng. Zhang Wei's life does not fit; Dugu Sheng's death at Jiangdu does. Corrected from Wei to Sheng.
126
[一八]陰世師遭天所廢舍命無改諸本「世師」作「壽」．隋書卷三九史臣論作「世師」．按此指世師守長安拒李淵事，與陰壽無關，今據改．
Note 18: The line that Yin Shishi, abandoned by heaven, would not change his life—some texts read Shou for Shishi. Sui shu 39's historians' comment has Shishi, referring to the defense of Chang'an, not Yin Shou—amended.