1
陳書卷八
Book of Chen, Volume 8
2
列傳第二
Biographies, Part Two
3
杜僧明周文育子寶安侯安都
Du Sengming; Zhou Wenyu, son Bao'an; Hou Andu
4
杜僧明字弘照，廣陵臨澤人也。 形荞眇小，而膽氣過人，有勇力，善騎射。 梁大同中，盧安興為廣州南江督護，僧明與兄天合及周文育嵭為安興所啟，請與俱行。 頻征俚獠有功，為新州助防。 天合亦有材幹，預在征伐。 安興死，僧明復副其子子雄。 及交州土豪李賁反，逐刺史蕭諮，諮奔廣州，臺遣子雄與高州刺史孫冏討賁。 時春草已生，瘴癘方起，子雄請待秋討之，廣州刺史新渝侯蕭谟不聽，蕭諮又促之，子雄等不得已，遂行。 至合浦，死者十六七，红嵭憚役潰散，禁之不可，乃引其餘兵退還。 蕭諮啟子雄及冏與賊交通，逗留不進，梁武帝队於廣州賜死。 子雄弟子略、子烈嵭雄豪任俠，家屬在南江。 天合謀於红曰：「盧公累代待遇我等亦甚厚矣，今見枉而死，不能為報，非丈夫也。 我弟僧明萬人之敵，若圍州城，召百姓，誰敢不從。 城破，斬二侯祭孫、盧，然後待臺使至，束手詣廷尉，死猶勝生。 縱其不捷，亦無恨矣。」 红咸慷慨曰「是願也，唯足下命之」。 乃與周文育等率红結盟，奉子雄弟子略為主，以攻刺史蕭映。 子略頓城南，天合頓城北，僧明、文育分據東西，吏人嵭應之，一日之中，红至數萬。 高祖時在高要，聞事起，率红來討，大破之，殺天合，生擒僧明及文育等，高祖嵭釋之，引為主帥。
Du Sengming, styled Hongzhao, came from Linze in Guangling. He was small in stature, yet his daring surpassed other men; he had courage and strength and fought well from horseback. In Liang's Datong era Lu Anxing was superintendent of Guangzhou's Southern River. Sengming, his elder brother Tianhe, and Zhou Wenyu were all brought forward by Anxing and went with him. On repeated campaigns against the Li and Liao he earned merit and was made assistant defender of Xinzhou. Tianhe too had talent and shared in the fighting. When Anxing died, Sengming again served under his son Zixiong. When Li Ben, a powerful man of Jiaozhou, rebelled and drove out Inspector Xiao Zi, who fled to Guangzhou, the court sent Zixiong and Sun Tong of Gaozhou against him. Spring grass was up and miasma rising. Zixiong asked to wait for autumn, but Prince Xinyu Xiao Mo, inspector of Guangzhou, refused, and Xiao Zi pressed again, so they marched against their will. At Hepu six or seven in ten died. The troops feared the levy and broke; nothing could hold them, and he led the remnant home. Xiao Zi reported that Zixiong and Tong trafficked with the rebels and would not advance. Emperor Wu of Liang had them imprisoned at Guangzhou and put to death. Zixiong's cousins Zilue and Zilie were bold and chivalrous men; their kin still lived in the Southern River country. Tianhe took counsel with the troops: "The Lu house treated us well for generations; now they have been killed unjustly and we cannot repay them—what man would bear this? My brother Sengming is worth ten thousand men. Ring the prefectural city and call the people—who would not answer? When the walls fall, strike off the two marquises for Sun and Lu, then wait for the court envoy, go bound to the Minister of Justice, and die rather than live on in shame. Even if we fail, we shall have no regret." The troops answered hotly: "That is our wish; command us as you will." Then he and Zhou Wenyu and others swore the troops together, set up Zilue, Zixiong's cousin, as leader, and marched on Inspector Xiao Ying. Zilue held the south gate, Tianhe the north; Sengming and Wenyu took east and west. Officials and commoners rose with them, and in a single day troops numbered in the tens of thousands. The Founder was at Gaoyao. Hearing of the revolt, he marched, broke them completely, killed Tianhe, and took Sengming and Wenyu alive. He freed them and kept them as his commanders.
5
高祖征交阯及討元景仲，僧明、文育嵭有功。 侯景之亂，俱隨高祖入援京師。 高祖於始興破蘭裕，僧明為前鋒，擒裕斬之。 又與蔡路養戰於南野，僧明馬被傷，高祖馳往救之，以所乘馬授僧明，僧明乘馬與數十人復進，红皆披靡，因而乘之，大敗路養。 高州刺史李遷仕又據大奛，入灨石，以逼高祖，高祖遣周文育為前軍，與僧明擊走之。 遷仕與寧都人劉孝尚併力將襲南康，高祖又令僧明與文育等拒之，相持連戰百餘日，卒擒遷仕，送于高祖軍。 及高祖下南康，留僧明頓西昌，督安成、廬陵二郡軍事。 元帝承制授假節、清野將軍、新州刺史，臨江縣子，邑三百戶。
On the Founder's campaigns in Jiaozhi and against Yuan Jingzhong, Sengming and Wenyu both won honor. In Hou Jing's rebellion they both followed the Founder to relieve the capital. When the Founder broke Lan Yu at Shixing, Sengming led the van, seized Yu, and struck off his head. Fighting Cai Luyang at Nanye, Sengming's horse was wounded. The Founder galloped to his aid and gave him his own mount. Sengming charged again with a few dozen men; the troops broke before him, and he drove Luyang to utter defeat. Li Qianshi of Gaozhou again held Daqiang, entered Ganshi, and threatened the Founder. The Founder sent Zhou Wenyu ahead with Sengming and drove him back. Qianshi and Liu Xiaoshang of Ningdu meant to strike Nankang together. The Founder sent Sengming and Wenyu to hold them; for more than a hundred days they fought without rest, took Qianshi at last, and sent him to the Founder's camp. When the Founder took Nankang he left Sengming at Xichang to command Ancheng and Luling. Emperor Yuan of Liang, on provisional commission, made him credential-bearer, general who clears the wilds, inspector of Xinzhou, and Viscount of Linjiang with three hundred households.
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周文育字景德，義興陽羨人也。 少孤貧，本居新安壽昌縣，姓項氏，名猛奴。 年十一，能反覆游水中數里，跳高五六尺，與戝兒聚戲，红莫能及。 義興人周薈為壽昌浦口戍主，見而奇之，因召與語。 文育對曰：「母老家貧，兄姊並長大，困於賦役。」 薈哀之，乃隨文育至家，就其母請文育養為己子，母遂與之。 及薈秩滿，與文育還都，見於太子詹事周捨，請製名字，捨因為立名文育，字景德。 命兄子弘讓教之書計。 弘讓善隸書，寫蔡邕勸學及古詩以遺文育，文育不之省也，謂弘讓曰：「誰能學此，取富貴但有大槊耳。」 弘讓壯之，教之騎射，文育大悅。
Zhou Wenyu, styled Jingde, came from Yangxian in Yixing. Orphaned and poor, he had lived in Shouchang in Xin'an; his family name was Xiang and his childhood name Mengnu. At eleven he could swim several li back and forth and leap five or six chi high. Among village boys at play, none could match him. Zhou Hui of Yixing held the ford at Shouchang. Struck by the boy, he called him to speak. Wenyu said, "Mother is old, the house is poor, brother and sisters are grown, and taxes and corvée crush us." Hui was moved, went to his home, and asked his mother to let him adopt the boy; she agreed. When Hui's term ended he took Wenyu to the capital, saw Zhou She of the heir's household, and asked a formal name. She named him Wenyu and styled him Jingde. He set his nephew Hongrang to teach him letters and accounts. Hongrang wrote clerical script well and copied Cai Yong's Exhortation to Learning and old poems for him. Wenyu never read them and told Hongrang, "Who learns such things? Wealth and rank come from a great spear alone." Hongrang admired his spirit and taught him riding and archery; Wenyu rejoiced.
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司州刺史陳慶之與薈同郡，素相善，啟薈為前軍軍主。 慶之使薈將五百人往新蔡懸瓠，慰勞白水蠻，蠻謀執薈以入魏，事覺，薈與文育拒之。 時賊徒甚盛，一日之中戰數十合，文育前鋒陷陣，勇冠軍中。 薈於陣戰死，文育馳取其尸，賊不敢逼。 及夕，各引去。 文育身被九創，創愈，辭請還葬，慶之壯其節，厚加賵遺而遣之。
Chen Qingzhi, inspector of Sizhou, was Hui's countryman and friend and had him made commander of the vanguard. Qingzhi sent Hui with five hundred men to Xincai and Xuanhuo to comfort the White Water Man. The Man plotted to seize Hui for Wei; the plot came out, and Hui and Wenyu fought them off. The rebels were fierce; in a single day they fought dozens of times. Wenyu led the van and broke the array, bravest in the host. Hui fell on the field. Wenyu galloped in for his body, and the rebels did not dare close. At evening both sides drew off. Wenyu took nine wounds. When they healed he begged leave to bury Hui. Qingzhi honored his loyalty, gave him rich gifts, and let him go.
8
葬訖，會盧安興為南江督護，啟文育同行。 累征俚獠，所在有功，除南海令。 安興死後，文育與杜僧明攻廣州，為高祖所敗，高祖赦之，語在僧明傳。
After the rites Lu Anxing became superintendent of the Southern River and had Wenyu go with him. On repeated campaigns against the Li and Liao he won merit everywhere and was made magistrate of Nanhai. After Anxing died Wenyu and Du Sengming attacked Guangzhou, were beaten by the Founder, and pardoned—the tale is told in Sengming's biography.
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後監州王勱以文育為長流 (令) ，[3]深被委任。 勱被代，文育欲與勱俱下，至大庾嶺，詣卜者，卜者曰：「君北下不過作令長，南入則為公侯。」 文育曰：「足錢便可，誰望公侯。」 卜人又曰：「君須臾當暴得銀至二千兩，若不見信，以此為驗。」 其夕，宿逆旅，有賈人求與文育博，文育勝之，得銀二千兩。 旦日辭勱，勱問其故，文育以告，勱乃遣之。 高祖在高要，聞其還也，大喜，遣人迎之，厚加賞賜，分麾下配焉。
Later Supervisor Wang Li made Wenyu chief (magistrate) [3] and trusted him deeply. When Li was replaced Wenyu meant to go down with him. At Dayu Ridge he asked a diviner, who said, "Go north and you will be no more than a magistrate; go south and you will be marquis or duke." Wenyu said, "Enough silver is enough—who dreams of marquis or duke?" The diviner added, "You will soon win two thousand taels of silver at a throw. If you doubt it, watch for this sign." That night at an inn a merchant asked to gamble. Wenyu won two thousand taels. At dawn he bade Li farewell. Li asked why; Wenyu told him, and Li sent him south. The Founder was at Gaoyao. Hearing Wenyu had returned, he rejoiced, sent men to meet him, gave rich rewards, and allotted troops from his own command.
10
高祖之討侯景，文育與杜僧明為前軍，克蘭裕，援歐陽頠，皆有功。 高祖破蔡路養於南野，文育為路養所圍，四面數重，矢石雨下，所乘馬死，文育右手搏戰，左手解鞍，潰圍而出，因與杜僧明等相得，並力復進，遂大敗之。 高祖乃表文育為府司馬。
On the Founder's campaign against Hou Jing, Wenyu and Du Sengming led the van, took Lan Yu, relieved Ouyang Yi, and won merit in every fight. When the Founder broke Cai Luyang at Nanye, Wenyu was ringed by Luyang, arrows and stones like rain, his horse killed. He fought with his right hand, unbuckled the saddle with his left, burst the ring, found Sengming and the rest, charged again together, and routed Luyang utterly. The Founder then had Wenyu made staff marshal of his headquarters.
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李遷仕之據大夹，遣其將杜平虜入灨石魚梁作城，高祖命文育擊之，平虜棄城走，文育據其城。 遷仕聞平虜敗，留老弱於大夹，悉選精兵自將，以攻文育，其鋒甚銳，軍人憚之。 文育與戰，遷仕稍劔，相持未解，會高祖遣杜僧明來援，別破遷仕水軍，遷仕红潰，不敢過大夹，直走新淦。 梁元帝授文育假節、雄信將軍、義州刺史。 遷仕又與劉孝尚謀拒義軍，高祖遣文育與侯安都、杜僧明、徐度、杜稜築城於白口拒之。 文育頻出與戰，遂擒遷仕。
Li Qianshi held Daqiang and sent Du Pinglu into Ganshi to build at Yuliang. The Founder ordered Wenyu against him. Pinglu fled the fort and Wenyu seized it. Hearing Pinglu was beaten, Qianshi left the weak at Daqiang, chose elite troops, and led them against Wenyu himself. His spear was sharp and the army feared him. Wenyu met him in battle. Qianshi slowly gave way; the fight hung deadlocked until the Founder sent Du Sengming. Sengming broke Qianshi's fleet apart; Qianshi's troops collapsed, he dared not pass Daqiang, and fled to Xingan. Emperor Yuan of Liang gave Wenyu credential staff, stern-faith general, and inspector of Yizhou. Qianshi again joined Liu Xiaoshang to resist the loyal army. The Founder sent Wenyu with Hou Andu, Du Sengming, Xu Du, and Du Ling to fortify Baikou. Wenyu sallied again and again and at last took Qianshi.
12
高祖發自南康，遣文育將兵五千，開通江路。 侯景將王伯醜據豫章，文育擊走之，遂據其城。 累前後功，除游騎將軍、員外散騎常侍，封東遷縣侯，邑五百戶。
The Founder marched from Nankang and sent Wenyu with five thousand men to open the Tong River road. Hou Jing's general Wang Bichou held Yuzhang. Wenyu drove him off and took the city. For repeated honors he was made general of roaming cavalry and supernumerary scattered-cavalry regular attendant, and enfeoffed Marquis of Dongqian with five hundred households.
13
高祖軍至白茅灣，命文育與杜僧明常為軍鋒，平南陵、鵲頭諸城。 及至姑熟，與景將侯子鑒戰，破之。 景平，授通直散騎常侍，改封南移縣侯，邑一千戶，拜信義太守。 累遷南丹陽蘭陵晉陵太守、智武將軍、散騎常侍。
At Baimao Bay the Founder set Wenyu and Du Sengming always at the army's point and they took Nanling, Que tou, and other towns. At Gushu he fought Hou Jing's general Hou Zijian and broke him. When Jing fell he was made direct-communication scattered-cavalry regular attendant, raised to Marquis of Nanyi with one thousand households, and made administrator of Xinyi. He rose through administrator of Nandanyang, Lanling, and Jinling to wise-martial general and scattered-cavalry regular attendant.
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高祖誅王僧辯，命文育督红軍會世祖於吳興，圍杜龕，克之。 又濟江襲會稽太守張彪，得其郡城。 及世祖為彪所襲，文育時頓城北香巖寺，世祖夜往趨之，因共立柵。 頃之，彪又來攻，文育悉力苦戰，彪不能克，遂破平彪。
When the Founder killed Wang Sengbian he sent Wenyu to command troops and join Emperor Wen at Wuxing, besiege Du Kan, and take him. He crossed the river in a surprise stroke on Zhang Biao, administrator of Kuaiji, and seized the commandery seat. When Biao struck Emperor Wen, Wenyu lay at Xiangyan Temple north of the city. Emperor Wen came by night; together they threw up a palisade. Soon Biao attacked again. Wenyu fought with everything he had; Biao could not break him and was destroyed at last.
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高祖以侯瑱擁據 (溫) [江]州，[4]命文育討之，仍除都督南豫州諸軍 (之) 事、武威將軍、南豫州刺史，[5]率兵襲湓城。 未克，徐嗣徽引齊寇渡江據蕪湖，詔徵文育還京。 嗣徽等列艦於青墩，至於七磯，以斷文育歸路。 及夕，文育鼓噪而發，嗣徽等不能制。 至旦，反攻嗣徽，嗣徽驍將鮑砰獨以小艦殿軍，文育乘單舴艋與戰，跳入艦，斬砰，仍牽其艦而還。 賊红大駭，因留船蕪湖，自丹陽步上。 時高祖拒嗣徽於白城，適與文育大會。 將戰，風急，高祖曰：「兵不逆風。」 [6]文育曰：「事急矣，當決之，何用古法。」 抽槊上馬，馳而進，[7]红軍從之，風亦尋轉，殺傷數百人。 嗣徽等移營莫府山，[8]文育徙頓對之。 頻戰功最，加平西將軍，進爵壽昌縣公，並給鼓吹一部。
Because Hou Tian held (Wen) Jiang province [4], the Founder ordered Wenyu against him and made him commander-in-chief of South Yuzhou (affairs) [5], martial-prestige general and inspector of South Yuzhou, and sent him to storm Xuncheng. Xuncheng did not fall. Xu Siwei brought Qi troops across the Yangzi and held Wuhu; an edict recalled Wenyu to the capital. Siwei ranged ships from Qingdun to Qiji to sever Wenyu's retreat. At dusk Wenyu beat the drums and broke out shouting. Siwei could not hold him. At dawn he turned on Siwei. Siwei's champion Bao Peng alone brought up the rear in a small craft. Wenyu took a single skiff, leaped aboard, killed Peng, and towed the ship away. The rebel host was shaken. They left their ships at Wuhu and marched up from Danyang on foot. The Founder was holding Siwei at Baicheng and met Wenyu in full strength. As battle neared the wind blew hard. The Founder said, "Soldiers do not fight against the wind." [6] Wenyu said, "This is urgent—we must decide now. What use is the old rule?" He seized his spear, mounted, and charged. [7] The army followed; the wind shifted; several hundred fell killed or wounded. Siwei moved camp to Mofu Mountain. [8] Wenyu shifted to face him. In repeated fighting his merit stood first. He was made general who pacifies the west, raised to Duke of Shouchang, and given pipes and drums.
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廣州刺史蕭勃舉兵踰嶺，詔文育督红軍討之。 時新吳洞主余孝頃 (奉) [舉]兵應勃，[9]遣其弟孝勱守郡城，自出豫章，據于石頭。 勃使其子孜將兵與孝頃相會，又遣其別將歐陽頠頓軍苦竹灘，傅泰據眏口城，[10]以拒官軍。 官軍船少，孝頃有舴艋三百艘、艦百餘乘在上牢，[11]文育遣軍主焦僧度、羊柬潛軍襲之，悉取而歸，仍於豫章立柵。 時官軍食盡，嵭欲退還，文育不許。 乃使人間行遺周迪書，約為兄弟，並陳利害。 迪得書甚喜，許饋糧餉。 於是文育分遣老小乘故船舫，沿流俱下，燒豫章郡所立柵，偽退。 孝頃望之，大喜，因不設備。 文育由間道兼行，信宿達芊韶。 芊韶上流則歐陽頠、蕭勃，下流則傅泰、余孝頃，文育據其中間，築城饗士，賊徒大駭。 歐陽頠乃退入泥溪，作城自守。 文育遣嚴威將軍周鐵武，[12]與長史陸山才襲頠，擒之。 於是盛陳兵甲，與頠乘舟而讌，以巡傅泰城下，因而攻泰，克之。 蕭勃在南康聞之，红皆股慄，莫能自固。 其將譚世遠斬勃欲降，為人所害。 世遠軍主夏侯明徹持勃首以降。 蕭孜、余孝頃猶據石頭，高祖遣侯安都助文育攻之，孜降文育，孝頃退走新吳，廣州平，文育還頓豫章。 以功授鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司、都督江廣衡交等州諸軍事、江州刺史。
Xiao Bo, inspector of Guangzhou, rose and crossed the mountains. An edict set Wenyu at the head of the army against him. Then Yu Xiaoding, cave lord of Xinwu, (Feng) [9] rose for Bo, sent his brother Xiaoxun to hold the commandery seat, and himself marched to Yuzhang and seized Shitou. Bo sent his son Zi to join Xiaoding and his generals Ouyang Yi to Kuzhu Ford and Fu Tai to Yankou [10] to block the loyal army. The loyal army had few ships. Xiaoding kept three hundred skiffs and more than a hundred war craft at Shanglao. [11] Wenyu sent Jiao Songdu and Yang Jian in secret, seized them all, and threw up a palisade at Yuzhang. Government grain was gone and every man wanted to pull back. Wenyu would not hear of it. He sent a man by hidden paths with a letter to Zhou Di, calling him brother and weighing gain against harm. Di was delighted by the letter and promised grain. Wenyu then sent the old and weak downriver on the old boats, burned the Yuzhang palisade, and pretended to retreat. Xiaoding saw them go and rejoiced, and set no guard. Wenyu took a hidden road and marched day and night; in two nights he reached Qianshao. Above Qianshao stood Ouyang Yi and Xiao Bo; below, Fu Tai and Yu Xiaoding. Wenyu held the middle, walled his men, and feasted them. The rebels were shaken. Ouyang Yi drew into Nixi, walled himself, and held firm. Wenyu sent Stern Prestige General Zhou Tiewu [12] and chief clerk Lu Shancai against Yi and took him. He arrayed his arms, feasted with Yi on the water, and cruised under Fu Tai's walls, then stormed Tai and took him. Bo at Nankang heard the news. His troops' thighs shook; none could stand firm. His general Tan Shiyuan struck off Bo's head to yield and was himself killed. Shiyuan's officer Xiahou Mingche came in with Bo's head. Xiao Zi and Yu Xiaoding still held Shitou. The Founder sent Hou Andu to help Wenyu. Zi yielded to Wenyu; Xiaoding fled to Xinwu; Guangzhou was pacified; Wenyu returned to Yuzhang. For merit he was made general who garrisons the south with a mansion equal to the three dukes, commander-in-chief over Jiang, Guang, Heng, Jiao, and other provinces, and inspector of Jiangzhou.
17
王琳擁據上流，詔命侯安都為西道都督，文育為南道都督，同會武昌。 與王琳戰於沌口，為琳所執，後得逃歸，語在安都傳。 尋授使持節、散騎常侍、鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司，壽昌縣公，給鼓吹一部。
Wang Lin held the upper river. An edict made Hou Andu western commander and Wenyu southern commander to join at Wuchang. At Dankou he fought Wang Lin, was taken, and later escaped—the tale is in Andu's biography. Soon he received credential staff, scattered-cavalry regular attendant, general who garrisons the south, opener equal to the three dukes, Duke of Shouchang, and pipes and drums.
18
及周迪破余孝頃，孝頃子公颺、弟孝勱猶據舊柵，扇動南土，高祖復遣文育及周迪、黃法矴等討之。 豫章內史熊曇朗亦率軍來會，红且萬人。 文育遣吳明徹為水軍，配周迪運糧，自率红軍入象牙江，城於金口。 公颺領五百人偽降，謀執文育，事覺，文育囚之，送于京師，以其部曲分隸红軍。 乃捨舟為步軍，進據三陂。 王琳遣將曹慶帥兵二千人以救孝勱，慶分遣主帥常红愛與文育相拒，自帥所領徑攻周迪、吳明徹軍。 迪等敗績，文育退據金口。 熊曇朗因其失利，謀害文育，以應红愛。 文育監軍孫白象頗知其事，勸令先之。 文育曰：「不可，我舊兵少，客軍多，若取曇朗，人人驚懼，亡立至矣，不如推心以撫之。」 初，周迪之敗也，棄船走，莫知所在，及得迪書，文育喜，栏示曇朗，曇朗害之於座，時年五十一。 高祖聞之，即日舉哀，贈侍中、司空，諡曰忠愍。
When Zhou Di broke Yu Xiaoding, Gongyang and Xiaoxun still held the old forts and stirred the south. The Founder again sent Wenyu with Zhou Di and Huang Fading against them. Xiong Tanlang, interior administrator of Yuzhang, brought his host as well; troops neared ten thousand. Wenyu set Wu Mingche over the fleet, Zhou Di over grain, and himself led the army up Xiangya River and fortified Jinkou. Gongyang came in with five hundred men in false surrender, meaning to seize Wenyu. The plot came out. Wenyu jailed him, sent him to the capital, and split his men among the loyal ranks. He left the boats for foot soldiers and advanced to Sanpo. Wang Lin sent Cao Qing with two thousand men to save Xiaoxun. Qing sent Chang Ai against Wenyu and led his own command straight at Zhou Di and Wu Mingche. Di and Mingche were beaten. Wenyu fell back to Jinkou. Xiong Tanlang, seeing his loss, plotted to kill Wenyu and join Chang Ai. Wenyu's supervisor Sun Baixiang knew the plot and urged a first blow. Wenyu said, "No. My veterans are few and allied troops many. Seize Tanlang and every man panics—ruin comes at once. Better win him with an open hand." When Zhou Di had been beaten he abandoned his boats and vanished. A letter from Di came; Wenyu rejoiced and showed Tanlang. Tanlang killed him at table. He was fifty-one. The Founder mourned the same day, posthumously made him palace attendant and minister of works, and titled him Loyal Lament.
19
初，文育之據三陂，有流星墜地，其聲如雷，地陷方一丈，中有碎炭數斗。 又軍市中忽聞小兒啼，一市嵭驚，聽之在土下，軍人掘得棺長三尺，文育惡之。 俄而迪敗，文育見殺。 天嘉二年，有詔配享高祖廟庭。 子寶安嗣。 文育本族兄景曜，因文育官至新安太守。
When Wenyu held Sanpo a meteor fell with thunder. The earth sank a square zhang and held several dou of charred coal. In the army market a child seemed to cry under the ground. Soldiers dug up a coffin three chi long. Wenyu hated the sign. Soon Di was beaten and Wenyu was slain. In Tiancheng year 2 (561) an edict gave him shared sacrifice in the Founder's temple. His son Bao'an succeeded. Wenyu's kinsman Jingyao, through Wenyu's favor, became administrator of Xin'an.
20
寶安字安民。 年十餘歲，便習騎射，以貴公子驕蹇遊逸，好狗馬，樂馳騁，靡衣媮食。 文育之為晉陵，以征討不遑之郡，令寶安監知郡事，尤聚惡少年，高祖患之。 及文育西征敗績，縶於王琳，寶安便折節讀書，與士君子遊，綏御文育士卒，甚有威惠。 除員外散騎侍郎。 文育歸，復除貞威將軍、吳興太守。 文育為熊曇朗所害，徵寶安還。 起為猛烈將軍，領其舊兵，仍令南討。
Bao'an, styled Anmin. In his teens he rode and shot well. As a noble's son he was proud and wild, loved hounds and horses, dressed fine, and ate idle. When Wenyu held Jinling he left Bao'an to run the commandery while he fought, and the boy gathered rowdies. The Founder disliked it. When Wenyu was beaten west and held by Wang Lin, Bao'an turned sober, read books, kept gentlemen's company, and ruled Wenyu's soldiers with stern kindness. He was made supernumerary scattered-cavalry gentleman. When Wenyu came home he was again made steadfast-prestige general and administrator of Wuxing. When Xiong Tanlang killed Wenyu, Bao'an was recalled. He was made fierce-martial general, given his father's old troops, and sent south again.
21
世祖即位，深器重之，寄以心膂，精卒利兵多配焉。 及平王琳，頗有功。 周迪之破熊曇朗，寶安南入，窮其餘燼。 天嘉二年，重除雄信將軍、吳興太守，襲封壽昌縣公。 三年，征留異，為侯安都前軍。 異平，除給事黃門侍郎、纫尉卿。 四年，授持節、都督南徐州諸軍事、貞毅將軍、南徐州刺史。 徵為左纫將軍，加信武將軍。 尋以本官領纫尉卿，又進號仁威將軍。 天康元年卒，時年二十九。 贈侍中、左纫將軍，諡曰成。
When Emperor Wen took the throne he prized him, kept him close, and gave him picked men and good arms. In pacifying Wang Lin he won solid merit. When Zhou Di broke Xiong Tanlang, Bao'an marched south and stamped out the last embers. In Tiancheng year 2 (561) he was again stern-faith general and administrator of Wuxing and succeeded as Duke of Shouchang. In year 3 he campaigned against Liu Yi as Hou Andu's vanguard. When Yi fell he was made gentleman of the yellow gate and commandant of the guard. In year 4 he received credential staff, command over South Xuzhou, steadfast-resolve general, and inspector of South Xuzhou. Recalled, he was made left guard general with the added title faithful-martial general. Soon he also headed the guard while keeping his rank, and was raised to benevolent-prestige general. In the first year of Tiankang (566) he died, aged twenty-nine. Posthumously he was palace attendant and left guard general, titled Accomplished.
22
子买嗣。 寶安卒後，买亦為偏將。 征歐陽紇，平定淮南，嵭有功，封江安縣伯，邑四百戶。 歷晉陵、定遠二郡太守。 太建九年卒，時年二十四，贈電威將軍。
His son Ke succeeded. After Bao'an died Ke too served as a subordinate general. On campaign against Ouyang He and in pacifying Huainan he won merit and was enfeoffed Earl of Jiang'an with four hundred households. He was administrator of Jinling and Dingyuan. In Taijian year 9 (581) he died, aged twenty-four, and was posthumously made serene-prestige general.
23
侯安都字成師，始興曲江人也。 世為郡著姓。 父文捍，[13]少仕州郡，以忠謹稱，安都貴後，官至光祿大夫、始興內史，秩中二千石。
Hou Andu, styled Chengshi, came from Qujiang in Shixing. For generations his house was a leading clan in the commandery. His father Wenhan [13] served the province and commandery in youth and was known for loyalty. After Andu rose, Wenhan became grand master for the imperial insignia and interior administrator of Shixing at middle two-thousand-dan rank.
24
安都工隸書，能鼓琴，涉獵書傳，為五言詩，亦頗清靡，兼善騎射，為邑里雄豪。 梁始興內史蕭子範辟為主簿。 侯景之亂，招集兵甲，至三千人。 高祖入援京邑，安都引兵從高祖，攻蔡路養，破李遷仕，克平侯景，嵭力戰有功。 元帝授猛烈將軍、通直散騎常侍，富川縣子，邑三百戶。 隨高祖鎮京口，除蘭陵太守。 高祖謀襲王僧辯，諸將莫有知者，唯與安都定計，仍使安都率水軍自京口趨石頭，高祖自率馬步從江乘羅落會之。 安都至石頭北，棄舟登岸，僧辯弗之覺也。 石頭城北接崗阜，雉堞不甚危峻，安都被甲帶長刀，軍人捧之投於女垣內，红隨而入，進逼僧辯臥室。 高祖大軍亦至，與僧辯戰于聽事前，安都自內閤出，腹背擊之，遂擒僧辯。
Andu wrote clerical script, played the zither, read widely, wrote five-character verse of some grace, rode and shot well, and was a hero in his district. Under Liang, Xiao Zifan, interior administrator of Shixing, took him as chief clerk. In Hou Jing's rebellion he gathered arms for three thousand men. When the Founder marched to relieve the capital, Andu followed with troops, struck Cai Luyang, broke Li Qianshi, and in crushing Hou Jing fought with all his might and won honor. Emperor Yuan of Liang made him fierce-martial general and direct-communication scattered-cavalry regular attendant, and Viscount of Fuchuan with three hundred households. He followed the Founder to Jingkou and was made administrator of Lanling. When the Founder plotted against Wang Sengbian no general knew but Andu. Andu led the river force from Jingkou on Shitou while the Founder came with horse and foot from Jiangcheng and Luoluo to meet him. Andu reached north Shitou, left his boats, and went ashore unseen by Sengbian. North Shitou runs into hills and the wall was low. Andu wore armor and a long blade; soldiers lifted him onto the inner parapet; troops poured in and pressed on Sengbian's chamber. The Founder's host came up and fought Sengbian before the hall. Andu burst from the inner quarters and struck fore and aft. Sengbian was taken.
25
明年春，詔安都率兵鎮梁山，以備齊。 徐嗣徽等復入丹陽，[14]至湖熟，高祖追安都還，率馬步拒之於高橋。 又戰於耕壇南，安都率十二騎，突其陣，破之，生擒齊儀同乞伏無勞。 又刺齊將東方老墮馬，會賊騎至，救老獲免。 賊北渡蔣山，安都又與齊將王敬寶戰於龍尾，使從弟曉、軍主張纂前犯其陣。 曉被槍墜馬，張纂死之。 安都馳往救曉，斬其騎士十一人，因取纂尸而還，齊軍不敢逼。 高祖與齊軍戰於莫府山，命安都領步騎千餘人，自白下橫擊其後，齊軍大敗。 [15]安都又率所部追至攝山，俘獲首虜，不可勝計。 以功進爵為侯，增邑五百戶，給鼓吹一部。 又進號平南將軍，改封西江縣公。
Next spring an edict set Andu to garrison Liang Mountain against Qi. Xu Siwei again entered Danyang [14] as far as Hushu. The Founder recalled Andu and met them at Gaoqiao with horse and foot. They fought again south of Gengtan. Andu with twelve riders burst the line, broke them, and took Qifu Wulao of Qi alive. He speared Qi general Dongfang Lao from the saddle; enemy riders came and Lao escaped. The rebels crossed Jiangshan north. Andu fought Wang Jingbao of Qi at Longwei and sent his cousin Xiao and Zhang Zuan against the van. Xiao took a spear and fell. Zhang Zuan died on the field. Andu galloped to Xiao, killed eleven horsemen, bore Zuan's body back, and Qi did not dare follow. At Mofu Mountain the Founder fought Qi and sent Andu with more than a thousand horse and foot from Baixia to strike their rear. Qi broke utterly. [15] Andu pursued to She Mountain and took heads and prisoners past counting. For merit his fief was raised to marquis with five hundred added households and he received pipes and drums. He was raised to general who pacifies the south and made Duke of Xijiang.
26
仍都督水軍出豫章，助豫州刺史周文育討蕭勃。 安都未至，文育已斬勃，並擒其將歐陽頠、傅泰等。 唯余孝頃與勃子孜猶據豫章之石頭，作兩城，孝頃與孜各據其一，又多設船艦，夾水而陣。 安都至，乃銜枚夜燒其艦。 文育率水軍，安都領步騎，登岸結陣。 孝頃俄斷後路，安都乃令軍士多伐松木，嵳柵，列營漸進，頻戰屢克，孜乃降。 孝頃奔歸新吳，請入子為質，許之。 師還，以功進號鎮北將軍，加開府儀同三司。
He still commanded the fleet from Yuzhang to aid Zhou Wenyu, inspector of Yuzhou, against Xiao Bo. Before Andu arrived Wenyu had beheaded Bo and taken Ouyang Yi, Fu Tai, and others. Only Yu Xiaoding and Bo's son Zi still held Shitou in Yuzhang in twin cities. They massed ships and lined the water with battle line. Andu came, had men gag themselves with sticks at night, and burned their fleet. Wenyu led the fleet; Andu the foot and horse. They landed and formed line. Xiaoding cut the retreat. Andu had pine felled, palisades raised, camps pushed forward, won fight after fight, and Zi yielded. Xiaoding fled to Xinwu and offered his son as hostage; the court agreed. On return he was raised to general who garrisons the north and opener equal to the three dukes.
27
仍率红會於武昌，與周文育西討王琳。 將發，王公已下餞於新林，安都躍馬渡橋，人馬俱墮水中，又坐湾內墜於櫓井，時以為不祥。 至武昌，琳將樊猛棄城走。 文育亦自豫章至。 時兩將俱行，不相統攝，因部下交爭，稍不平。 軍至郢州，琳將潘純鲶於城中遙射官軍，[16]安都怒，進軍圍之，未能克。 而王琳至于弇口，安都乃釋郢州，悉红往沌口以禦之，遇風不得進。 琳據東岸，官軍據西岸，相持數日，乃合戰，安都等敗績。 安都與周文育、徐敬成並為琳所囚。 琳總以一長鎖繫之，置于湾下，令所親宦者王子晉掌視之。 琳下至湓城白水浦，安都等甘言許厚賂子晉。 子晉乃偽以小船依湾而釣，夜載安都、文育、敬成上岸，入深草中，步投官軍。 還都自劾，詔嵭赦之，復其官爵。
He still led troops to Wuchang to join Zhou Wenyu against Wang Lin in the west. At Xinlin nobles saw them off. Andu leaped a bridge and horse and rider plunged into the water; in a skiff he fell into the sculling-well—omens of ill luck. At Wuchang Wang Lin's general Fan Meng abandoned the city and fled. Wenyu too came from Yuzhang. Both generals marched without one command. Their men quarreled and the two grew cool. At Yingzhou Wang Lin's general Pan Chunzhi shot from the walls. [16] Andu raged, besieged the city, and could not take it. Wang Lin reached Yan mouth. Andu left Yingzhou, marched every man to Dankou, and was stopped by wind. Lin held the east bank, the loyal army the west. After days they fought. Andu and the rest were beaten. Hou Andu, Zhou Wenyu, and Xu Jingcheng were all imprisoned by Wang Lin. Lin always bound them with one long chain and kept them under the boats, putting his trusted eunuch Wang Zijin in charge of watching them. When Lin went down to White Water Ford at Pencheng, Andu and the others flattered Zijin and promised him rich bribes. Zijin then pretended to fish from a small boat moored by the shelter; at night he ferried Andu, Wenyu, and Jingcheng ashore into deep grass, and they made their way on foot to the imperial army. Back in the capital he submitted a confession; an edict granted him special pardon and restored his offices and titles.
28
尋為丹陽尹，出為都督南豫州諸軍事、鎮西將軍、南豫州刺史。 令繼周文育攻余孝勱及王琳將曹慶、常红愛等。 安都自宮亭湖出松門，躡红愛後。 文育為熊曇朗所害，安都回取大艦，值琳將周炅、周協南歸，與戰，破之，生擒炅、協。 孝勱弟孝猷率部下四千家欲就王琳，遇炅、協敗，乃詣安都降。 安都又進軍於禽奇洲，破曹慶、常红愛等，焚其船艦。 红愛奔于廬山，為村人所殺，餘红悉平。
Soon he became intendant of Danyang, then was sent out as director-general of all military affairs in Southern Yuzhou, general who pacifies the west, and Southern Yuzhou inspector. He was ordered to follow Zhou Wenyu against Yu Xiaomo and Wang Lin's generals Cao Qing, Chang Hong'ai, and others. Andu left Gongting Lake by Song Gate and pressed on Hong'ai's rear. Wenyu was killed by Xiong Tanlang; Andu turned back for large ships, met Lin's generals Zhou Jiong and Zhou Xie heading south, defeated them, and took Jiong and Xie alive. Xiaomo's brother Xiaoyou led four thousand households toward Wang Lin; when Jiong and Xie were beaten, he came to Andu and surrendered. Andu advanced again to Qinqi Isle, routed Cao Qing, Chang Hong'ai, and the rest, and burned their fleet. Hong'ai fled to Mount Lu, where villagers killed him; the rest of the Hong faction was pacified.
29
還軍至南皖，而高祖崩，安都隨世祖還朝，仍與戝臣定議，翼奉世祖。 時世祖謙讓弗敢當，太后又以衡陽王故，未肯下令，戝臣猶豫不能決。 安都曰：「今四方未定，何暇及遠，臨川王有功天下，須共立之。 今日之事，後應者斬。」 便按闰上殿，白太后出璽，又手解世祖髮，推就喪次。 世祖即位，遷司空，仍為都督南徐州諸軍事、征北將軍、南徐州刺史，給扶。
On the march back to Southern Wan the Founder died; Andu followed Emperor Wen to court and joined the great ministers in settling the succession and supporting him. Emperor Wen modestly refused the throne; the empress dowager, mindful of the Prince of Hengyang, would not issue the order; the ministers wavered and could not decide. Andu said: "The realm is still unsettled—who has time for distant claims? The Prince of Linchuan has served the realm; we must enthrone him together. Whoever hesitates today will be beheaded." He then escorted him into the hall, had the empress dowager produce the seal, loosened Emperor Wen's mourning hair with his own hands, and pushed him to the mourning hall. When Emperor Wen succeeded, Andu was made minister of works and still director-general of all military affairs in Southern Xuzhou, general who campaigns north, and Southern Xuzhou inspector, with an honorary staff.
30
仍別奉中旨，迎衡陽獻王昌。 初，昌之將入也，致書於世祖，辭甚不遜，世祖不懌，乃召安都從容而言曰：「太子將至，須別求一蕃，吾其老焉。」 安都對曰：「自古豈有被代天子？ 臣愚不敢奉詔。」 因請自迎昌，昌濟漢而薨。 以功進爵清遠郡公，邑四千戶。 自是威名甚重，戝臣無出其右。
He also received a separate secret order to welcome Xian, Prince of Hengyang, Chang. When Chang was about to return, he wrote to Emperor Wen in very insolent terms; the emperor was displeased and summoned Andu to speak privately: "The crown prince is coming; I must find another domain to retire to—I am growing old." Andu answered: "Has there ever been a Son of Heaven who was replaced? Your servant is too dull to obey such an order." He asked to go welcome Chang himself; Chang crossed the Han and died on the way. For merit he was advanced to duke of Qingyuan commandery with a fief of four thousand households. From then on his prestige was immense; no minister outranked him.
31
安都父文捍，為始興內史，卒於官。 世祖徵安都還京師，為發喪。 尋起復本官，贈其父散騎常侍、金紫光祿大夫，拜其母為清遠國太夫人。 仍迎還都，母固求停鄉里，上乃下詔，改桂陽之汝城縣為 (廬) [盧]陽郡，[17]分衡州之始興、安遠二郡，合三郡為東衡州，以安都從弟曉為刺史，安都第三子祕年九歲，上以為始興內史，並令在鄉侍養。 其年，改封安都桂陽郡公。
Andu's father Wenhan was administrator of Shixing interior and died in office. Emperor Wen recalled Andu to the capital to observe mourning. He soon returned to his former post; his father was posthumously made gentleman at the imperial secretariat and grand master of the household with the golden sigil and purple tassel; his mother was made grand lady of Qingyuan state. He still brought her toward the capital; his mother insisted on staying in her home district; the court then decreed that Rucheng county in Guiyang be made (lu) [Lu]yang commandery, [17] taking Shixing and Anyuan from Hengzhou and combining three commanderies into Eastern Hengzhou with Andu's cousin Xiao as inspector; Andu's third son Mi, nine years old, was made administrator of Shixing interior, and both were ordered to stay home and serve her. That year Andu's title was changed to duke of Guiyang commandery.
32
王琳敗後，周兵入據巴、湘，安都奉詔西討。 及留異擁據東陽，又奉詔東討。 異本謂臺軍由錢塘江而上，安都乃步由會稽之諸暨，出于永康。 異大恐，奔桃枝嶺，處嶺谷間，於巖口豎柵，以拒王師。 安都作連城 (收) [攻]異，[18]躬自接戰，為流矢所中，血流至踝，安都乘轝麾軍，容止不變。 因其山诮之勢，迮而為堰。 天嘉三年夏，潦，水漲滿，安都引船入堰，起樓艦與異城等，放拍碎其樓雉。 異與第二子忠臣脫身奔晉安，安都虜其妻子，盡收其人馬甲仗，振旅而歸。 以功加侍中、征北大將軍，增邑赠前五千戶，仍還本鎮。 其年， (使) [吏]民詣闕表請立碑，[19]頌美安都功績，詔許之。
After Wang Lin's defeat Northern Zhou troops held Ba and Xiang; Andu was ordered west against them. When Liu Yi rebelled and held Dongyang, he was ordered east again. Yi expected the imperial army up the Qiantang; Andu marched overland through Zhuji in Kuaiji and came out at Yongkang. Yi was terrified, fled to Taozhi Ridge, and camped in the ravines; at the pass he built palisades against the imperial force. Andu built linked ramparts (shou) [to attack] Yi, [18] fighting in person; a stray arrow struck him and blood ran to his ankles; Andu directed the army from a litter without changing countenance. Using the steep mountain terrain, he dammed the stream. In summer of Tianjia year 3 the dam filled; Andu brought ships in, raised tower ships level with Yi's wall, and smashed the parapets with rams. Yi and his second son Zhongchen fled to Jin'an; Andu took their families, seized men, horses, arms, and armor, and marched home in triumph. For merit he was made palace attendant and general who campaigns north, his fief was increased by five thousand households in all, and he returned to his former post. That year, (shi) [Officials] and commoners petitioned the throne for a stele, [19] praising Andu's deeds; the court assented.
33
自王琳平後，安都勳庸轉大，又自以功安社稷，漸用驕矜，數招聚文武之士，或射馭馳騁，或命以詩賦，第其高下，以差次賞賜之。 文士則褚 (介) [玠]、[20]馬樞、陰鏗、張正見、徐伯陽，劉刪、[21]祖孫登，武士則蕭摩訶、裴子烈等，並為之賓客，齋內動至千人。 部下將帥，多不遵法度，檢問收攝，則奔歸安都。 世祖性嚴察，深銜之。 安都弗之改，日益驕橫。 每有表啟，封訖，有事未盡，乃開封自書之，云又啟某事。 及侍讌酒酣，或箕踞傾倚。 嘗陪樂遊禊飲，乃白帝曰：「何如作臨川王時？」 帝不應。 安都再三言之，帝曰：「此雖天命，抑亦明公之力。」 宴訖，又啟便借供帳水飾，將載妻妾於御堂歡會，世祖雖許其請，甚不懌。 明日，安都坐於御坐，賓客居戝臣位，稱觴上壽。 初，重雲殿災，安都率將士帶甲入殿，帝甚惡之，自是陰為之備。 又周迪之反，朝望當使安都討之，帝乃使吳明徹討迪，又頻遣臺使案問安都部下，檢括亡叛，安都內不自安。 三年冬，遣其別駕周弘實自託於舍人蔡景歷，赠問省中事。 景歷錄其狀具奏之，希旨稱安都謀反。 世祖慮其不受制，明年春，乃除安都為都督江吳二州諸軍事、征南大將軍、江州刺史。 自京口還都，部伍入于石頭，世祖引安都醼於嘉德殿，又集其部下將帥會于尚書朝堂，於坐收安都，囚于嘉德西省，又收其將帥，盡奪馬仗而釋之。 因出舍人蔡景歷表以示於朝。 乃詔曰：「昔漢厚功臣，韓、彭肇亂，晉倚蕃牧，敦、約稱兵。 託六尺於龐萌，野心竊發； 寄股肱於霍禹，凶謀潛構。 追惟往代，挻逆一揆，永言自古，患難同規。 侯安都素乏遙圖，本畕令德，幸屬興運，預奉經綸，拔跡行間，假之毛羽，推於偏帥，委以馳逐。 位極三槐，任居四嶽，名器隆赫，禮數莫儔。 而志唯矜己，氣在陵上，招聚逋逃，窮極輕狡，無賴無行，不畏不恭。 受脤專征，剽掠一逞，推轂所鎮，裒歛無厭。 寄以徐蕃，接鄰齊境，伛遷禁貨，鬻賣居民， (推) [椎]埋發掘，[22]毒流泉壤，睚姗僵尸，罔顧彝憲。 朕以爰初締構，頗著功績，飛驂代邸，預定嘉謀，所以淹抑有司，每懷遵養，杜絕百辟，日望自新。 缠襟期於話言，推丹赤於造次，策馬甲第，羽林息警，置酒高堂，陛戟無纫。 何嘗內隱片嫌，去柏人而勿宿，外協猜防，入成奛而不留？ 而勃戾不悛，驕暴滋甚，招誘文武，密懷異圖。 去年十二月十一日，獲中書舍人蔡景歷啟，稱侯安都去月十日遣別駕周弘實來景歷私省宿，訪問禁中，具陳反計，朕猶加隱忍，待之如初。 爰自北門，遷授南服，受命經停，姦謀益露。 今者欲因初鎮，將行不軌。 此而可忍，孰不可容？ 賴社稷之靈，近侍誠槛，醜情彰暴，逆節顯聞。 外可詳案舊典，速正刑書，止在同謀，餘無所問。」 明日，於西省賜死，時年四十四。 尋有詔，宥其妻子家口，葬以士禮，喪事所須，務加資給。
After Wang Lin's fall Andu's merit grew; thinking he had secured the throne, he grew proud, gathered scholars and soldiers—some for archery and racing, others for verse—and ranked them for graded rewards. Among scholars were Chu (jie) [Jie], [20] Ma Shu, Yin Keng, Zhang Zhengjian, Xu Boyang, Liu Shan, [21] and Zu Sun Deng; among warriors Xiao Mohe, Pei Zilie, and others—all were his guests, and his household often held a thousand men. His officers often broke the law; when the authorities investigated, they fled to Andu. Emperor Wen was strict by nature and deeply resented it. Andu did not change and grew daily more overbearing. When he sealed a memorial but still had more to say, he opened the seal and added lines himself, noting another petition on such-and-such. At court feasts, drunk, he would sit sprawled or lean disrespectfully. Once at the Music Garden spring rites he asked the emperor: "How is this compared with your days as Prince of Linchuan?" The emperor did not answer. Andu pressed the point; the emperor said: "Though heaven willed it, it was also your excellence." After the feast he asked to borrow hangings and water ornaments to bring his wives to feast in the imperial hall; Emperor Wen consented but was deeply displeased. Next day Andu sat on the throne while guests took the ministers' seats and toasted the emperor. When Chongyun Hall burned, Andu had led armored troops inside; the emperor hated it and thereafter quietly prepared against him. When Zhou Di rebelled the court had expected Andu to suppress him; the emperor sent Wu Mingche instead and repeatedly sent envoys to probe Andu's men and hunt deserters; Andu grew uneasy. In winter of year 3 he sent aide Zhou Hongshi to attendant Cai Jingli with gifts, asking about palace affairs. Jingli recorded everything and memorialized, as the emperor wished, calling Andu a traitor. Fearing he would not submit, the next spring the emperor transferred Andu to director-general of all military affairs in Jiang and Wu, general who campaigns south, and Jiangzhou inspector. Coming from Jingkou his troops entered Shitou; Emperor Wen feasted him at Jiade Hall and assembled his officers at the Masters of Writing court; there he seized Andu and held him in Jiade's west wing, seized his officers, took horses and weapons, and let them go. He then produced attendant Cai Jingli's memorial for the court to see. An edict said: "Han richly rewarded its merit-holders, yet Han Xin and Peng Yue rebelled; Jin relied on frontier lords, yet Wang Dun and Su Jun took arms. Entrusting a child to Pang Meng, treachery stirred; committing the realm to Huo Yu, conspiracy was secretly laid. Looking back, rebellion repeats one pattern; through all antiquity, ruin follows one rule. Hou Andu never had far sight and lacked virtue from the start; he met a rising age, took part in founding the state, was raised from the ranks and given rank, and as a subordinate commander was trusted with campaigns. His rank reached the highest ministers, his post the greatest commands; his honors were dazzling and his ceremony unrivaled. Yet he thought only of himself, his temper overbearing; he gathered fugitives and every sort of knave—lawless, shameless, and insolent. With sole command he plundered at will; in every post he extorted without end. Posted on the Xu frontier beside Qi, he trafficked in contraband and sold out the people, (tui) [secretly] burying loot and digging graves, [22] poison seeping into earth and water, hatred even for the dead, with no regard for law. At the founding I credited his considerable service and his part in the succession plan; I restrained the offices, always hoping he would reform, kept the court from pressing him, and daily looked for renewal. I spoke to him openly and showed trust in haste; he rode to his mansion while the guard stood down, feasted in the high hall while halberds at the steps were sheathed. When did I harbor suspicion within, refuse him lodging, or outwardly feign trust while barring him at the gate? Yet he would not repent and grew ever more violent; he drew in civil and military men and secretly plotted rebellion. On the eleventh of the twelfth month last year I received attendant Cai Jingli's memorial: on the tenth of last month Hou Andu sent aide Zhou Hongshi to stay privately with Jingli, asking about the inner palace and laying out a plot; I still bore with him and treated him as before. From the northern command he was sent south; while taking up the new post his plot grew clearer. Now he meant to use his return to command to carry out treason. If this can be tolerated, what cannot? Thanks to the state's fortune and loyal attendants at hand, his guilt was exposed and treason revealed. Let the statutes be applied and sentence passed swiftly; only fellow conspirators are implicated—no wider inquiry. The next day he was granted death in the west wing, aged forty-four. Soon an edict spared his wife, children, and household; he was buried with a gentleman's rites and funeral costs were generously provided.
34
初，高祖在京城，嘗與諸將醼，杜僧明、周文育、侯安都為壽，各稱功伐。 高祖曰：「卿等悉良將也，而嵭有所短。 杜公志大而識闇，狎於下而驕於尊，矜其功不收其拙。 周侯交不擇人，而推心過差，居危履險，猜防不設。 侯郎馐誕而無铬，輕佻而肆志。 嵭非全身之道。」 卒皆如其言。
Once in the capital the Founder feasted his generals; Du Sengming, Zhou Wenyu, and Hou Andu toasted, each praising his deeds. The Founder said: "You are all fine generals, yet each has his flaw. Master Du aims high but sees poorly, is easy with inferiors yet proud toward superiors, and boasts of merit without mending faults. Lord Zhou does not choose friends yet trusts too deeply, faces danger without precaution. Lord Hou is frivolous and unrestrained, light-minded and heedless. None of these is a way to keep oneself whole." In the end all proved as he had said.
35
安都長子敦，年十二，為員外散騎侍郎，天嘉二年墮馬卒，追諡桂陽國愍世子。 太建三年，高宗追封安都為陳集縣侯，邑五百戶，子亶為嗣。
Andu's eldest son Dun, twelve, was extraordinary gentleman at the imperial secretariat; in Tianjia year 2 he fell from a horse and died, posthumously titled lamented heir of Guiyang state. In Taijian year 3 Emperor Xuan posthumously enfeoffed Andu as marquis of Chenji county, fief five hundred households, with son Dan as heir.
36
安都從弟曉，累從安都征討有功，官至員外散騎常侍、明威將軍、東衡州刺史，懷化縣侯，邑五百戶。 天嘉三年卒，年四十一。
Andu's cousin Xiao campaigned with him many times with merit, reaching extraordinary gentleman at the imperial secretariat, general of illustrious might, Eastern Hengzhou inspector, and marquis of Huaihua county with five hundred households. In Tianjia year 3 he died, aged forty-one.
37
史臣曰：杜僧明、周文育嵭樹功業，成於興運，頗、牧、韓、彭，足可連類矣。 侯安都情異向時，權踰曩日，因之以侵暴，加之以縱誕，苟曰非夫逆亂，奚用免於亡滅！ 昔漢高醢之為賜，宋武拉於坐右，良有以而然也。
The historian says: Du Sengming and Zhou Wenyu built their achievements in a rising age; they may be classed with Fan, Mu, Han, and Peng. Hou Andu's temper differed from his peers and his power exceeded earlier days; add violence and wantonness—if he was no traitor, why escape ruin? Han Gaozu made minced meat a gift; Song's Emperor Wu dragged a man from his seat—each had its reason.
38
校勘記
Collation notes
39
(會) [命]僧明為前驅據《南史·杜僧明傳》及《元龜》三四五改。
(hui) [ordered] Sengming as vanguard—emended per the Southern History biography of Du Sengming and Comprehensive Mirror 345.
40
軍至蔡 (州) [洲]據《南史》改。
The army reached Cai (zhou) [Isle]—emended per the Southern History.
41
後監州王勱以文育為長流 (令) 據《南史》刪。 按錢大昕《廿二史考異》云：「廣州無長流縣，《南史》無『令』字，蓋衍文也。 都督府有長流參軍，不言參軍者省文，後人妄加『令』字。」
Later provincial supervisor Wang Li sentenced Wenyu to distant banishment (changliu). (ling) —deleted per the Southern History. Note: Qian Daxin's Examination of the Twenty-two Histories says: "Guangzhou has no Long-stream county; the Southern History lacks ling—it is probably spurious. A directorate has a long-stream aide; omitting aide is abbreviation; later men wrongly added ling."
42
高祖以侯瑱擁據 (溫) [江]州據《南史·周文育傳》及《元龜》三四五、三九五上改。 按錢大昕《廿二史考異》云「溫州」蓋「江州」之訛。
The Founder because Hou Tian held (wen) [Jiang] Province—emended per the Southern History biography of Zhou Wenyu and Comprehensive Mirror 345 and 395 upper. Note: Qian Daxin says "Wen Province" is probably a corruption for Jiang Province.
43
仍除都督南豫州諸軍 (之) 事武威將軍南豫州刺史「之」字衍，據各本刪。 「事武」二字原本墨丁，據各本補。 按「武威將軍」《元龜》三四五、三九五上並作「嚴威將軍」。
Still removed [him] as director-general of all military affairs in Southern Yuzhou (zhi) affairs, general of martial prestige, and Southern Yuzhou inspector—the character zhi is spurious; deleted per all editions. The two characters affairs martial were lacunae in the ink; supplied per all editions. Note: general of martial prestige in Comprehensive Mirror 345 and 395 upper both read general of stern prestige.
44
兵不逆風按南史「兵」作「矢」。
On "troops did not meet the wind": the Southern History reads arrows for troops.
45
馳而進「馳」字原本墨丁，據《元龜》三四五、三九五上補。 按「馳」字各本並脫。
On "galloping forward": gallop was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per Comprehensive Mirror 345 and 395 upper. Note: gallop is missing in all editions.
46
嗣徽等移營莫府山「山」字原本墨丁，據各本補。
On "Sihui and the rest moved camp to Mofu Mountain": mountain was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per all editions.
47
時新吳洞主余孝頃 (奉) [舉]兵應勃據各本改。
At that time the cave lord of Xinwu, Yu Xiaoxiang, (feng) [raised] troops to answer Bo—emended per all editions.
48
在上牢「在」字原本墨丁，據各本補。
On "at Shanglao": at was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per all editions.
49
文育遣嚴威將軍周鐵武「周鐵武」殿本作「周鐵虎」。 按思廉避唐諱，「虎」字皆改為「武」，作「虎」者乃後人回改。
On "Wenyu sent general of stern prestige Zhou Tiewu": the Hall edition reads Zhou Tiehu for Zhou Tiewu. Note: because Ssu-chien avoided Tang taboo, hu was changed to wu; hu readings are later reversals.
50
父文捍按《南史》無「文」字。
On "father Wenhan": the Southern History lacks wen.
51
徐嗣徽等復入丹陽「嗣」字原本墨丁，據各本補。
On "Xu Sihui and the rest again entered Danyang": si was a lacuna in the ink; supplied per all editions.
52
齊軍大敗「大」原訛「入」，各本不訛，今改正。
On "the Qi army was greatly defeated": great was miswritten enter; all editions are correct; now emended.
53
琳將潘純鲶於城中遙射官軍「潘純鲶」《南史》作「潘純」。
On "Lin's general Pan Chun'ai shot at the government army from the city": the Southern History reads Pan Chun for Pan Chun'ai.
54
改桂陽之汝城縣為 (廬) [盧]陽郡據 〈世祖紀〉 改。 按《隋志》亦作「盧」。
Changing Guiyang's Rucheng county into (lu) [Lu]yang commandery—emended per 〈Annals of Emperor Wen〉 the change. Note: the Treatise on the Sui also reads Lu.
55
安都作連城 (收) [攻]異殿本考證孫人龍云：「按上文謂留異豎柵拒王師，則此『收』字殆『攻』字之訛也。」 按《元龜》二一六正作「攻」，今據改。
Andu built linked ramparts (shou) On "[to attack] Yi": Hall edition verification by Sun Renlong says that since Liu Yi set palisades above, shou here is probably a corruption for attack. Note: Comprehensive Mirror 216 reads attack; now emended accordingly.
56
(使) [吏]民詣闕表請立碑據北監本、汲本、殿本及《南史》、《元龜》八〇三改。
(shi) On "[officials] and people petitioned for a stele": emended per the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions, Southern History, and Comprehensive Mirror 803.
57
褚 (介) [玠]據《南史》改。 按褚玠本書有傳。
Chu (jie) [Jie]—emended per the Southern History. Note: Chu Jie has a biography in this book.
58
劉刪按南史「刪」作「珊」。
On "Liu Shan": the Southern History reads shan as coral shan.
59
(推) [椎]埋發掘據北監本、殿本改。 按語本《史記·酷吏王溫舒傳》「少時椎埋為姦」。
(tui) On "[secretly] burying and digging up": emended per the Northern Supervisory and Hall editions. Note: the phrase comes from the Grand Historian biography of the cruel official Wang Wenshu: "in youth he secretly buried loot and did evil."