1
陳書卷七
Book of Chen, Volume 7
2
列傳第一
Biographies, Part One
3
高祖章皇后世祖沈皇后廢帝王皇后高宗柳皇后
Founder Empress Zhang; Emperor Wen Empress Shen; Deposed Emperor Empress Wang; Emperor Xuan Empress Liu
4
後主沈皇后張貴妃
Last Emperor Empress Shen; Noble Consort Zhang
5
周禮，王者立后，六宮，三夫人，九嬪，二十七世婦，八十一御妻，以聽天下之內治。 然受命繼體之主，非獨外相佐也，蓋亦有內德助焉。 漢魏已來，六宮之職，因襲增置，代不同矣。 高祖承微接亂，光膺天歷，以朴素自處，故後宮員位多闕。 世祖天嘉初，詔立後宮員數，始置貴妃、貴嬪、貴姬三人，以擬古之三夫人。 又置淑媛、淑儀、淑容、昭華、昭容、昭儀、[1]脩華、脩儀、脩容九人，以擬古之九嬪。 又置婕妤、容華、充華、承徽、烈榮五人，謂之五職，亞於九嬪。 又置美人、才人、良人三職，其職無員數，號為散位。 世祖性恭儉，而嬪嬙多闕，高宗、後主內職無所改作。 (令) [今]之所綴，[2]略備此篇。
The Rites of Zhou say that a king establishes a queen, the Six Palaces, three chief consorts, nine concubines, twenty-seven secondary wives, and eighty-one attendant wives to govern the inner realm. Yet rulers who receive the Mandate and succeed to the throne are aided not only by ministers without, but also by virtue within. From Han and Wei onward the offices of the Six Palaces were carried on and expanded, and no two dynasties were alike. The Founder took the throne amid turmoil and lived plainly, so many posts in the inner palace went unfilled. In the first year of Tianjia (562) Emperor Wen fixed the number of inner-palace posts and for the first time created three offices—noble consort, noble concubine, and noble lady—to match the ancient three chief consorts. He also appointed nine women—Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shurong, Zhaohua, Zhaorong, Zhaoyi, [1] Xiuhua, Xiuyi, and Xiurong—to match the ancient nine concubines. He also created five offices—Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Chenghui, and Lierong—the Five Duties, ranking below the nine concubines. He also created three offices—Beauty, Talent, and Good Wife—with no fixed quota; they were called scattered ranks. Emperor Wen was respectful and frugal, and many concubines' posts still went unfilled; Emperor Xuan and the Last Emperor changed nothing in the inner offices. (order) [Now] what is compiled here [2] briefly supplies this chapter.
6
高祖皇后章要兒
Founder Empress Zhang Yaor
7
高祖宣皇后章氏，諱要兒，吳興烏程人也。 本姓鈕，父景明為章氏所養，因改焉。 景明，梁代官至散騎侍郎。 后母蘇，嘗遇道士以小龜遺己，光采五色，曰：「三年有徵。」 及期，后生而紫光照室，因失龜所在。 少聰慧，美容儀，手爪長五寸，色嵭紅白，每有硋功之服，則一爪先折。 高祖先娶同郡錢仲方女，早卒，後乃聘后。 后善書計，能誦詩及楚辭。
Lady Xuan, empress of the Founder, of the Zhang clan, was named Yaor and came from Wucheng in Wuxing. Her family had borne the surname Niu; her father Jingming was adopted by the Zhang clan and took their name. Jingming had served Liang as scattered-cavalry gentleman. The empress's mother Su once met a Daoist who gave her a small turtle glowing in five colors and said, "In three years there will be a sign." When the time came, the empress was born and purple light filled the room; the turtle was nowhere to be found. As a girl she was clever and beautiful; her fingernails were five inches long, reddish white, and whenever she wore mourning garments that got in the way, one nail would snap first. The Founder had first married a daughter of Qian Zhongfang of the same commandery, who died young; only then did he betroth the empress. The empress was skilled at writing and reckoning and could recite the Odes and the Songs of Chu.
8
高祖自廣州南征交阯，命后與衡陽王昌隨世祖由海道歸于長城。 侯景之亂，高祖下至豫章，后為景所囚。 景平，而高祖為長城縣公，后拜夫人。 及高祖踐祚，永定元年立為皇后。 追贈后父景明特進、金紫光祿大夫，加金章紫綬，拜后母蘇安吉縣君。 二年，安吉君卒，與后父合葬吳興。 明年，追封后父為廣德縣侯，邑五百戶，謚曰溫。 高祖崩，后與中書舍人蔡景歷定計，祕不發喪，召世祖入纂，事在蔡景歷及侯安都傳。 世祖即位，尊后為皇太后，宮曰慈訓。 廢帝即位，尊后為太皇太后。 光大二年，后下令黜廢帝為臨海王，命高宗嗣位。 太建元年，尊后為皇太后。 二年三月景申，崩于紫極殿，時年六十五。 遺令喪事所須，並從儉約，諸有饋奠，不得用牲牢。 其年四月，羣臣上謚曰宣太后，祔葬萬安陵。
When the Founder marched from Guangzhou against Jiaozhi, he sent the empress with Prince of Hengyang Chang and Emperor Wen home by sea to Changcheng. In Hou Jing's rebellion the Founder went down to Yuzhang, and the empress was taken prisoner by Jing. After Jing fell and the Founder became Duke of Changcheng, the empress was made his lady. When the Founder took the throne, in Yongding year 1 (557) she was made empress. The empress's father Jingming was posthumously made special grand master and grand master with the gold seal and purple ribbon; her mother Su was made Lady of Anji county. In the second year the Lady of Anji died and was buried with the empress's father in Wuxing. The next year her father was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangde with five hundred households; his posthumous title was Wen. When the Founder died, the empress and masters of writing attendant Cai Jingli laid their plans, kept the death secret, and summoned Emperor Wen to succeed; the affair is told in the biographies of Cai Jingli and Hou Andu. When Emperor Wen succeeded, the empress was honored as empress dowager; her palace was called Cixun. When the Deposed Emperor came to the throne, she was honored as grand empress dowager. In Guangda year 2 (569) she issued an order deposing the Deposed Emperor as Prince of Linhai and installing Emperor Xuan in his place. In the first year of Taijian (569) she was again honored as empress dowager. In the third month of Taijian year 2 (570), on day renshen, she died in the Hall of Purple Apex at sixty-five. Her last command was that the funeral be kept frugal and that no offerings of oxen or sheep be used. That fourth month the ministers gave her the posthumous title Empress Dowager Xuan; she was buried with the Founder at Wan'an Mausoleum.
9
后親屬無在朝者，唯族兄鈕洽官至中散大夫。
None of the empress's close kin held office at court; only a clansman, Niu Zhi, rose to palace gentleman of the central staff.
10
世祖皇后沈妙容
Emperor Wen Empress Shen Miaorong
11
世祖沈皇后諱妙容，吳興武康人也。 父法深，梁安前中錄事參軍。 后年十餘歲，以梁大同中歸于世祖。 高祖之討侯景，世祖時在吳興，景遣使收世祖及后。 景平，乃獲免。 高祖踐祚，永定元年，后為臨川王妃。 世祖即位，為皇后。 追贈后父法深光祿大夫，加金章紫綬，封建 (成) [城]縣侯，[3]邑五百戶，謚曰恭，追贈后母高綏安縣君，謚曰定。 廢帝即位，尊后為皇太后，宮曰安德。
Emperor Wen's empress Shen, named Miaorong, came from Wukang in Wuxing. Her father Fashen had served Liang as recorder of the Prince of An's front headquarters. When she was barely ten, in the Datong era of Liang she was married to Emperor Wen. When the Founder moved against Hou Jing, Emperor Wen was in Wuxing; Jing sent men to seize him and the empress. After Jing fell they were freed. When the Founder took the throne, in Yongding year 1 (557) she became Princess of Linchuan. When Emperor Wen succeeded, she was made empress. Her father Fashen was posthumously made grand master with the gold seal and purple ribbon and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jian (success) [cheng] county, [3] with a fief of five hundred households and posthumous title Gong; her mother Gao was posthumously made Lady of Anji county with posthumous title Ding. When the Deposed Emperor came to the throne, she was honored as empress dowager; her palace was called Ande.
12
時高宗與僕射到仲舉、舍人劉師知等並受遺輔政，師知與仲舉恆居禁中參決红事，而高宗為揚州刺史，與左右三百人入居尚書省。 師知見高宗權重，陰忌之，乃矯队謂高宗曰：「今四方無事，王可還東府，經理州務。」 高宗將出，而諮議毛喜止之曰：「今若出外，便受制於人，譬如曹爽，願作富家翁不可得也。」 高宗乃稱疾，召師知留之與語，使毛喜先入言之於后。 后曰：「今伯宗年幼，政事並委二郎，此非我意。」 喜又言於廢帝，帝曰：「此自師知等所為，非朕意也。」 喜出以報高宗，高宗因囚師知，自入見后及帝，極陳師知之短，仍自草敕請畫，以師知付廷尉治罪。 其夜，於獄中賜死。 自是政無大小，盡歸高宗。 后憂悶計無所出，乃密賂宦者蔣裕，令誘建安人張安國，使據郡反，冀因此以圖高宗。 安國事覺，並為高宗所誅。 時后左右近侍頗知其事，后恐連逮黨與，並殺之。 高宗即位，以后為文皇后。 陳亡入隋，大業初，自長安歸于江南，頃之，卒。
At that time Emperor Xuan, with vice director Dao Zhongju, attendant Liu Shizhi, and others, shared the testament and governed; Shizhi and Zhongju lived in the inner palace and decided affairs of state, while Emperor Xuan was inspector of Yangzhou and lodged in the masters of writing office with three hundred men. Shizhi saw Emperor Xuan's power growing and secretly feared him; he forged an order saying, "The realm is at peace; you may return to the Eastern Mansion and mind the prefecture." Emperor Xuan was about to leave when adviser Mao Xi stopped him and said, "Go out now and you fall under another's hand—as with Cao Shuang, you may wish only to be a rich man and cannot even have that." Emperor Xuan then feigned illness, summoned Shizhi and kept him talking, and sent Mao Xi ahead to speak to the empress. The empress said, "Bozong is still young; to put all government in the Second Lord's hands is not my wish." Xi also spoke to the Deposed Emperor, who said, "That was Shizhi and his party—not my wish." Xi came out and told Emperor Xuan, who then seized Shizhi, went in to see the empress and the emperor, laid out Shizhi's crimes, drafted the edict himself, and sent Shizhi to the court of trials. That night he was granted death in prison. From then on, great and small alike, all power passed to Emperor Xuan. The empress, anxious and at her wits' end, secretly bribed the eunuch Jiang Yu to stir Zhang Anguo of Jian'an into holding the commandery in rebellion, hoping thus to move against Emperor Xuan. When Anguo's plot was discovered, Emperor Xuan had them all executed. Her close attendants largely knew of the plot; fearing they would be seized with their associates, she had them all killed. When Emperor Xuan succeeded, the empress was titled Empress Wen. When Chen fell to Sui, in the early Daye era she returned from Chang'an to the south; soon she died.
13
后兄欽，隨世祖征伐，以功至貞威將軍、安州刺史。 世祖即位，襲爵建城侯，加通直散騎常侍、持節、會稽等九郡諸軍事、明威將軍、會稽太守，入為侍中、左纫將軍、纫尉卿。 光大中，為尚書右僕射，尋遷左僕射。 欽素無技能，奉己而已。 高宗即位，出為雲麾將軍、義興太守，秩中二千石。 太建元年卒，時年六十七，贈侍中、特進、翊左將軍，謚曰成。
The empress's elder brother Qin followed Emperor Wen on campaign and for merit rose to steadfast-prestige general and inspector of Anzhou. When Emperor Wen succeeded, Qin inherited the marquisate of Jiancheng, was made supernumerary regular attendant for direct communication with credentials, area commander of nine commanderies including Kuaiji, bright-prestige general, and Kuaiji administrator, then entered court as palace attendant, left guard general, and guard commandant. In the Guangda era he was right vice director of the masters of writing, then left vice director. Qin had no talent and cared only for his own ease. When Emperor Xuan succeeded, Qin went out as cloud-banner general and administrator of Yixing at two thousand shi of the middle rank. In the first year of Taijian (569) he died at sixty-seven; he was posthumously made palace attendant, special grand master, and left assistant general, with posthumous title Cheng.
14
子觀嗣，頗有學識，官至御史中丞。
His son Guan succeeded him; Guan was learned and rose to imperial censor.
15
廢帝王皇后
Deposed Emperor Empress Wang
16
廢帝王皇后，金紫光祿大夫固之女也。 天嘉元年，為皇太子妃，廢帝即位，立為皇后。 廢帝為臨海王，后為臨海王妃。 至德中薨。
The Deposed Emperor's empress Wang was a daughter of grand master with the gold seal and purple ribbon Gu. In the first year of Tianjia (562) she became crown princess; when the Deposed Emperor succeeded she was made empress. When the Deposed Emperor was made Prince of Linhai, she became Princess of Linhai. In the Zhide era she died.
17
高祖柳皇后
Emperor Xuan Empress Liu
18
后性謙謹，未嘗以宗族為請，雖衣食亦無所分遺。
The empress was modest and cautious; she never asked favors for her clan and shared neither food nor clothing with them.
19
弟盼，太建中尚世祖女富陽公主，拜駙馬都尉。 後主即位，以帝舅加散騎常侍。 盼性愚戇，使酒，常因醉乘馬入殿門，為有司所劾，坐免官，卒於家。 贈侍中、中護軍。
Her younger brother Pan in the Taijian era married Emperor Wen's daughter, Princess of Fuyang, and was made commandant of the emperor's son-in-law. When the Last Emperor succeeded, as the emperor's uncle by marriage he was made scattered-cavalry regular attendant. Pan was dull and fond of drink; drunk, he often rode through the palace gate, was impeached, dismissed, and died at home. He was posthumously made palace attendant and central guard commander.
20
後主皇后沈婺華
Last Emperor Empress Shen Wuhua
21
后無子，養孫姬子胤為己子。 后宗族多有顯官，事在君理傳。
The empress had no son; she adopted Sun Ji's son Yin as her own. Many of her clan held high office; their stories are in the biography of Junli.
22
后叔君公，自梁元帝敗後，常在江陵。 禎明中，與蕭瓛、蕭巖率红叛隋歸朝，後主擢為太子詹事。 君公博學有才辯，善談論，後主深器之。 陳亡，隋文帝以其叛己，命斬于建康。
Her uncle Jun Gong, after Emperor Yuan of Liang was defeated, stayed at Jiangling. In the Zhenming era he and Xiao Kan and Xiao Yan led their men in defecting from Sui back to Chen; the Last Emperor made him grand mentor of the heir apparent. Jun Gong was learned, eloquent, and skilled in debate; the Last Emperor prized him highly. When Chen fell, Emperor Wen of Sui had him beheaded at Jiankang for rebelling against Sui.
23
後主貴妃張麗華
Last Emperor Noble Consort Zhang Lihua
24
魏徵補註
Wei Zheng's supplementary note
25
史臣侍中鄭國公魏徵考覽記書，參詳故老，云後主初即位，以始興王叔陵之亂，被傷臥于承香閣下，時諸姬嵭不得進，唯張貴妃侍焉。 而柳太后猶居柏梁殿，即皇后之正殿也。 後主沈皇后素無寵，不得侍疾，別居求賢殿。 至德二年，乃於光照殿前起臨春、結綺、望仙三閣。 [7]閣高數丈，嵭數十間，其窗牖、壁帶、懸楣、欄檻之類，嵭以沈檀香木為之，又飾以金玉，間以珠翠，外施珠簾，內有寶祷、寶帳，其服玩之屬，瑰奇珍麗，近古所未有。 每微風暫至，香聞數里，朝日初照，光谟後庭。 其下積石為山，引水為池，植以奇樹，雜以花藥。 後主自居臨春閣，張貴妃居結綺閣，龔、孔二貴嬪居望仙閣，嵭復道交相往來。 又有王、李二美人、張、薛二淑媛、袁昭儀、何婕妤、江脩容等七人，嵭有寵，遞代以遊其上。 以宮人有文學者袁大捨等為女學士。 後主每引賓客對貴妃等遊宴，則使諸貴人及女學士與狎客共賦新詩，互相贈答，採其尤豔麗者以為曲詞，被以新聲，選宮女有容色者以千百數，令習而哥之，[8]分部迭進，持以相樂。 其曲有玉樹後庭花、臨春樂等，大指所歸，皆美張貴妃、孔貴嬪之容色也。 其略曰：「璧月夜夜滿，瓊樹朝朝新。」 而張貴妃髮長七尺，鬒黑如漆，其光可鑒。 特聰惠，有神采，進止閑暇，容色端麗。 每瞻視盼睞，光采溢目，照谟左右。 常於閣上靚粧，臨于軒檻，宮中遙望，飄若神仙。 才辯彊記，善候人主顏色。 是時，後主怠於政事，百司啟奏，嵭因宦者蔡脫兒、李善度進請，[9]後主置張貴妃於膝上共決之。 李、蔡所不能記者，貴妃嵭為條疏，無所遺脫。 由是益加寵異，冠絕後庭。 而後宮之家，不遵法度，有挂於理者，但求哀於貴妃，貴妃則令李、蔡先啟其事，而後從容為言之。 大臣有不從者，亦因而譖之，所言無不聽。 於是張、孔之勢，薰灼四方，大臣執政，亦從風而靡。 閹宦便佞之徒，內外交結，轉相引進，賄賂公行，賞罰無常，綱紀瞀亂矣。
The historiographer, palace attendant and Duke of Zheng, Wei Zheng, examined the records and consulted elders and wrote: When the Last Emperor first succeeded, he was wounded in the disorder of Prince of Shixing Shuling and lay ill below the Hall of Accepting Fragrance; none of the palace women could enter—only Noble Consort Zhang attended him. Yet Empress Dowager Liu still lived in the Hall of Cypress Beam, the empress's proper hall. The Last Emperor's empress Shen had never been favored and could not nurse him; she lived apart in the Hall of Seeking the Worthy. In Zhide year 2 (584) he raised the three towers Linchun, Jieqi, and Wangxian before the Hall of Radiant Light. [7] The towers stood several zhang high, with dozens of bays. Windows, wall bands, lintels, and balustrades were all of agarwood, adorned with gold, jade, pearls, and kingfisher feathers; pearl curtains hung without, jeweled canopies within; their dress and ornaments were wonders such as recent ages had never seen. When a breeze stirred, the fragrance carried for miles; at first light the rear court blazed with radiance. Below they piled stone into hills, led water into pools, and planted rare trees and flowers. The Last Emperor lived in the Linchun Pavilion, Precious Consort Zhang in the Jieqi Pavilion, and Honored Consorts Gong and Kong in the Wangxian Pavilion, with skyways connecting them for constant visits. Seven more held favor—the Beautiful Ladies Wang and Li, the Fair Ladies Zhang and Xue, Zhaoyi Yuan, Jieyu He, and Xiurong Jiang—who took turns feasting and strolling on the terraces. Learned palace women such as Yuan Dashe were appointed female academicians. Whenever the Last Emperor feasted with guests and the Precious Consort, he had the ladies and female academicians join familiar companions in new verse, trading lines; the finest were set as lyrics to new music, and hundreds or thousands of comely palace women were drilled to sing them—[8] sections took turns performing for the revel. Tunes such as "Jade Tree, Rear-Court Blossom" and "Linchun Joy" chiefly praised the beauty of Precious Consort Zhang and Honored Consort Kong. The gist runs: "The jade moon is full every night; the jeweled tree is fresh each dawn." Precious Consort Zhang's hair was seven feet long, black as lacquer and bright enough to mirror one's face. She was exceptionally clever and spirited, graceful in movement, with a proper and lovely face. Each sidelong glance brimmed with light and lit the company around her. She often dressed at the pavilion rail; seen from afar in the palace she seemed to float like an immortal. Quick-witted and retentive, she was adept at reading the ruler's mood. The Last Emperor had grown slack in rule; memorials from every office came only through eunuchs Cai Tuo'er and Li Shandu—[9] and he set Precious Consort Zhang on his knee to decide them with him. What Li and Cai forgot, the Precious Consort would lay out in clear lists without omission. Favor grew still more singular, and she stood first in the inner palace. Inner-palace families who broke the law would beg the Precious Consort's mercy; she had Li and Cai raise the case first, then spoke for them at leisure. Ministers who resisted were slandered as well, and the ruler heard her every word. Zhang and Kong's influence blazed everywhere, and ministers in power bent with the wind. Eunuchs and flatterers joined court and harem, promoting one another; bribes were open, rewards and punishments erratic, and discipline collapsed.
26
史臣曰：詩表關雎之德，易箸乾坤之基，然夫婦之際，人道之大倫也。 若夫作儷天則，燮贊王化，則宣太后有其懿焉。
The historian writes: The Odes honor the virtue of the ospreys and the Changes lay the base of Heaven and Earth, yet marriage is the chief bond of human life. To pair with Heaven's norm and aid royal transformation—Queen Dowager Xuan had that excellence.
27
校勘記
Collation notes
28
昭容昭儀北監本、汲本、殿本「昭儀」在「昭容」上。 按《南史·后妃傳》序，梁武帝所制九嬪之序，「昭儀」在「昭容」上，陳制多襲梁，當以作「昭儀、昭容」為是。
On "Zhaorong, Zhaoyi": Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Palace editions place Zhaoyi above Zhaorong. The Southern Dynasties preface to the consorts' biographies lists Liang's nine ranks with Zhaoyi above Zhaorong; Chen largely followed Liang, so Zhaoyi, Zhaorong is correct.
29
(令) [今]之所綴據各本改。
(ling) On "[present] what is here compiled": emended per all editions.
30
封建 (成) [城]縣侯據《南史》改。 按建城縣，漢侯邑。 《太平寰宇記》引雷次宗《豫章記》云：「漢高帝置。 以其創建城邑，故曰建城。」 今漢志、表作「建成」，後漢志以下皆作「建城」。 後文后兄欽襲爵建城侯，亦作「建城」。
On "fengjian (establish-fief)" (cheng) On "[cheng] county marquis": emended per the History of the Southern Dynasties. Jiancheng county was a Han enfeoffment. The Universal Gazetteer quotes Lei Cizong's Record of Yuzhang: "Emperor Gaodi of Han established it. Because he founded the settlement, it was called Jiancheng." The Han Treatise and tables read Jiancheng (built-complete); from the Later Han Treatise on all read Jiancheng (establish-city). Later Empress Wen's brother Qin inherited as Marquis of Jiancheng, likewise written Jiancheng.
31
大業十一年薨於東都按「十一年」南史作「十二年」。
On "died at the Eastern Capital in Daye year eleven": the History of the Southern Dynasties reads year twelve.
32
猶是深被恩遇「猶」各本作「由」。 按由猶通。
On "yet was deeply favored": all editions read you (by) for you (still). You and you are used interchangeably here.
33
太建三年納為皇太子妃按「太建三年」當依 〈宣帝紀〉 作「太建元年」。 〈沈君理傳〉 云太建二年高宗以君理女為皇太子妃，亦訛。
On "taken as crown prince's consort in Taijian year three": Taijian year three should follow 〈Annals of Emperor Xuan〉 which reads first year of Taijian. 〈Biography of Shen Junli〉 says the High Ancestor made Junli's daughter crown prince's consort in Taijian year two—that too is wrong.
34
乃於光照殿前起臨春結綺望仙三閣「光照殿」《南史·張貴妃傳》作「光昭殿」，《通鑑》同。
On "before Guangzhao Hall he raised Linchun, Jieqi, and Wangxian": the Southern Dynasties biography of Precious Consort Zhang and the Comprehensive Mirror read Guangzhao Hall.
35
令習而哥之「哥」殿本作「个」。 按「哥」古「歌」字。
On "ordered them to study and sing": the Palace edition reads ge (unit) for ge (sing). Ge is the archaic form of the graph for song.
36
嵭因宦者蔡脫兒李善度進請「蔡脫兒」《南史》作「蔡臨兒」。
On "memorials came through eunuchs Cai Tuo'er and Li Shandu": the History of the Southern Dynasties reads Cai Lin'er for Cai Tuo'er.