1
陳書卷三十五
Book of Chen, Volume 35
2
列傳第二十九
Biography 29
3
熊曇朗周迪留異陳寶應
Xiong Tanlang; Zhou Di; Liu Yi; Chen Baoying
4
熊曇朗，豫章南昌人也，世為郡著姓。 曇朗跅弛不羈，有膂力，容貌甚偉。 侯景之亂，稍聚少年，據豐城縣為柵，桀黠劫盜多附之。 梁元帝以為巴山太守。 荊州陷，曇朗兵力稍彊，劫掠鄰縣，縛賣居民，山谷之中，最為巨患。
Xiong Tanlang came from Nanchang in Yuzhang; for generations his house had been a leading clan of the commandery. Tanlang was wild and ungoverned, powerfully built, and striking in looks. In the Hou Jing uprising he slowly gathered youths, took Fengcheng county for a stockade, and fierce raiders flocked to him. Emperor Yuan of Liang made him administrator of Bashan. After Jingzhou fell his forces grew; he raided neighboring counties, bound commoners and sold them, and was the worst plague in the hills.
5
及侯瑱鎮豫章，曇朗外示服從，陰欲圖瑱。 侯方兒之反瑱也，曇朗為之謀主，瑱敗，曇朗獲瑱馬仗子女甚多。 及蕭勃踰嶺，歐陽頠為前軍，曇朗紿頠共往巴山襲黃法𣰋，又報法𣰋期共破頠，約曰「事捷與我馬仗」。 及出軍，與頠掎角而進，又紿頠曰「余孝頃欲相掩襲，須分留奇兵，甲仗既少，恐不能濟」。 頠乃送甲三百領助之。 及至城下，將戰，曇朗偽北，法𣰋乘之，頠失援，狼狽退衄，曇朗取其馬仗而歸。 時巴山陳定亦擁兵立寨，曇朗偽以女妻定子。 又謂定曰「周迪、余孝頃並不願此婚，必須以彊兵來迎」。 定乃遣精甲三百并土豪二十人往迎，既至，曇朗執之，收其馬仗，並論價責贖。
When Hou Zhen held Yuzhang, Tanlang feigned obedience while plotting against him in secret. When Hou Fang'er turned on Zhen, Tanlang masterminded it; after Zhen's defeat Tanlang took a great haul of horses, arms, women, and children. When Xiao Bo crossed the range, Ouyang Yi led the van; Tanlang tricked Yi into a joint strike on Huang Fading in Bashan while telling Fading they would crush Yi together, with the bargain, "If we win, the horses and gear are mine." On campaign he moved in concert with Yi, then lied again: "Yu Xiaoding means to ambush you—we must keep a hidden reserve; with so little armor I fear we cannot manage." Yi sent three hundred suits of armor to help. At the walls, about to engage, Tanlang pretended flight; Fading pressed in; Yi lost his support and broke in disorder; Tanlang seized the horses and arms and went home. Chen Ding of Bashan also held men in a fort; Tanlang falsely offered his daughter to Ding's son. He told Ding, "Zhou Di and Yu Xiaoding both oppose this match—you must send a strong escort to fetch the bride." Ding sent three hundred elite troops and twenty local magnates to escort her; when they came Tanlang seized them, took horse and gear, and set a ransom.
6
紹泰二年，曇朗以南川豪帥，隨例除游騎將軍。 尋為持節、飆猛將軍、桂州刺史資，領豐城令，歷宜新、豫章二郡太守。 王琳遣李孝欽等隨余孝頃於臨川攻周迪，曇朗率所領赴援。 其年，以功除持節、通直散騎常侍、寧遠將軍，封永化縣侯，邑一千戶，給鼓吹一部。 又以抗禦王琳之功，授平西將軍、開府儀同三司，餘並如故。 及周文育攻余孝勱於豫章，曇朗出軍會之，文育失利，曇朗乃害文育，以應王琳，事見文育傳。 於是盡執文育所部諸將，據新淦縣，帶江為城。
In Shaotai year 2 (550), as a southern-river strongman he was made roaming-cavalry general by precedent. Soon he received the credential staff, was made fierce-whirlwind general with acting authority as inspector of Gui, held Fengcheng as magistrate, and in turn governed Yixin and Yuzhang. Wang Lin sent Li Xiaoqin and others with Yu Xiaoding to strike Zhou Di at Linchuan; Tanlang marched to their aid. That year, for merit, he was made credential-bearing fast-track regular attendant and pacifying-the-distance general, enfeoffed as Marquis of Yonghua with a thousand-household fief, and given pipes and drums. For resisting Wang Lin he was further made pacifying-the-west general and opener equal to the three dukes; other posts stood unchanged. When Zhou Wenyu attacked Yu Xiaomou at Yuzhang, Tanlang came out to join him; Wenyu lost, and Tanlang killed Wenyu to answer Wang Lin—as told in Wenyu's biography. He then seized all Wenyu's generals, held Xingan county, and walled the river line for a city.
7
王琳東下，世祖征南川兵，江州刺史周迪、高州刺史黃法𣰋欲沿流應赴，曇朗乃據城列艦斷遏，迪等與法𣰋因帥南中兵築城圍之，絕其與琳信使。 及王琳敗走，曇朗黨援離心，迪攻陷其城，虜其男女萬餘口。 曇朗走入村中，村民斬之，傳首京師，懸于朱雀觀。 [1]於是盡收其宗族，無少長皆棄市。
When Wang Lin went east, Emperor Wen called up the southern rivers; Zhou Di of Jiang and Huang Fading of Gao meant to sail downstream to answer; Tanlang held the city and lined ships to block them; Di and Fading then led southern troops to wall and besiege him, severing his couriers to Lin. When Wang Lin was broken and fled, Tanlang's allies lost heart; Di stormed the city and took more than ten thousand men and women. Tanlang fled into a hamlet; villagers cut off his head; it was sent to the capital and hung at the Vermilion Bird Observatory. [1] His whole clan was then seized; young and old alike were executed in the market.
8
周迪，臨川南城人也。 少居山谷，有膂力，能挽彊弩，以弋獵為事。 侯景之亂，迪宗人周續起兵於臨川，梁始興王蕭毅以郡讓續，迪召募鄉人從之，每戰必勇冠眾軍。 續所部渠帥，皆郡中豪族，稍驕橫，續頗禁之，渠帥等並怨望，乃相率殺續，推迪為主，迪乃據有臨川之地，築城于工塘。 梁元帝授迪持節、通直散騎常侍、壯武將軍、高州刺史，封臨汝縣侯，邑五百戶。
Zhou Di came from Nancheng in Linchuan. As a youth he lived in the hills, was powerfully built, could draw heavy crossbows, and lived by the hunt. In the Hou Jing turmoil Di's kinsman Zhou Xu raised men in Linchuan; Liang's Prince of Shixing, Xiao Yi, yielded the commandery to Xu; Di gathered neighbors to follow, and in every fight his courage led the host. Xu's subordinate chiefs were all commandery magnates and grew proud; Xu checked them, and they turned resentful, killed Xu together, and set up Di; Di then held Linchuan and walled Gongtang. Emperor Yuan of Liang made Di credential-bearing fast-track regular attendant and stalwart-martial general, inspector of Gao, and Marquis of Linru with five hundred households.
9
紹泰二年，除臨川內史。 尋授使持節、散騎常侍、信威將軍、衡州刺史，領臨川內史。 周文育之討蕭勃也，迪按甲保境，以觀成敗。 文育使長史陸山才說迪，迪乃大出糧餉，以資文育。 勃平，以功加振遠將軍，遷江州刺史。
In Shaotai year 2 (550) he was made interior administrator of Linchuan. Soon he received envoy credentials, scattered-cavalry regular attendant, trustworthy-prestige general, and the inspectorship of Heng while still governing Linchuan within. When Zhou Wenyu attacked Xiao Bo, Di kept his men in camp and guarded his borders, watching the outcome. Wenyu sent chief clerk Lu Shan'cai to win Di over; Di then poured out grain and stores to feed Wenyu's army. When Bo was pacified, for merit he was raised to quelling-the-distance general and made inspector of Jiang.
10
高祖受禪，王琳東下，迪欲自據南川，乃總召所部八郡守宰結盟，聲言入赴，朝廷恐其為變，因厚慰撫之。 琳至湓城，新吳洞主余孝頃舉兵應琳。 琳以為南川諸郡可傳檄而定，乃遣其將李孝欽、樊猛等南征糧餉。 猛等與余孝頃相合，眾且二萬，來趨工塘，連八城以逼迪。 迪使周敷率眾頓臨川故郡，截斷江口，因出與戰，大敗之，屠其八城，生擒李孝欽、樊猛、余孝頃送于京師，收其軍實，器械山積，并虜其人馬，迪並自納之。 永定二年，以功加平南將軍、開府儀同三司，增邑一千五百戶，給鼓吹一部。
When the Founder took the throne and Wang Lin went east, Di meant to keep the southern rivers; he called the eight commandery heads to swear alliance, saying he would march to answer the summons; the court feared revolt and soothed him generously. At Poyang, Xinwu cave lord Yu Xiaoding rose for Lin. Lin judged the southern commanderies would fall to a proclamation and sent Li Xiaoqin, Fan Meng, and others south for grain. Meng joined Yu Xiaoding; together they neared twenty thousand men and pressed Gongtang, chaining eight forts against Di. Di sent Zhou Fu to hold the old Linchuan seat and choke the river mouth, then sallied and crushed them, razed the eight forts, and sent Li Xiaoqin, Fan Meng, and Yu Xiaoding alive to court; arms and stores heaped like hills—and men and horses Di kept. In Yongding year 2 (558), for merit he was made pacifying-the-south general and opener equal to the three dukes, with fifteen hundred more households and pipes and drums.
11
世祖嗣位，進號安南將軍。 [2]熊曇朗之反也，迪與周敷、黃法𣰋等率兵共圍曇朗，屠之，盡有其眾。 王琳敗後，世祖徵迪出鎮湓城，又徵其子入朝，迪趑趄顧望，並不至。 豫章太守周敷本屬於迪，至是與黃法𣰋率其所部詣闕，世祖錄其破熊曇朗之功，並加官賞，迪聞之，甚不平，乃陰與留異相結。 及王師討異，迪疑懼不自安，乃使其弟方興率兵襲周敷，敷與戰，破之。 又別使兵襲華皎於湓城，事覺，盡為皎所擒。 〔天嘉〕三年春，[3]世祖乃下詔赦南川士民為迪所詿誤者，使江州刺史吳明徹都督眾軍，與高州刺史黃法𣰋、豫章太守周敷討迪。 於是尚書下符曰：
When Emperor Wen took the throne, Di was advanced to pacifying-the-south general. [2] When Xiong Tanlang rebelled, Di with Zhou Fu and Huang Fading jointly besieged him, destroyed him, and absorbed all his men. After Wang Lin's defeat, Emperor Wen called Di to garrison Poyang and his son to court; Di wavered and would not come—neither of them. Yuzhang administrator Zhou Fu had once served Di; now he and Huang Fading brought their troops to court; Emperor Wen credited their part in breaking Tanlang and heaped honors on them; Di, hearing it, burned with resentment and secretly allied with Liu Yi. When the court moved on Liu Yi, Di, uneasy with fear, sent his brother Fangxing against Zhou Fu; Fu met him and broke him. He also sent another force against Hua Jiao at Poyang; the plot came out and Jiao seized them all. Collation variant: (Tianjia). In spring of the third year, [3] Emperor Wen pardoned southern-river people led astray by Di and ordered Jiang inspector Wu Mingche to command all forces with Gao inspector Huang Fading and Yuzhang administrator Zhou Fu against Di. The Masters of Writing then issued a warrant, saying:
12
告臨川郡士庶：昔西京為盛，信、越背誕； 東都中興，萌、寵違戾。 是以鷹鸇競逐，效醢極誅，自古有之，其來尚矣。
To the people of Linchuan: In old days the Western Capital stood in glory, yet Xin and Yue turned traitor; when the Eastern Capital rose again, Yin and Chong broke faith. So hawk and eagle hunt one another, and the extreme penalty of mincing has been known from of old—its roots run deep.
13
逆賊周迪，本出輿臺，有梁喪亂，暴掠山谷。 我高祖躬率百越，師次九川，濯其泥沙，假以毛羽，裁解豚佩，仍剖獸符，[4]卵翼之恩，方斯莫喻。 皇運肇基，頗布誠款，國步艱阻，竟微效力。 龍節繡衣，藉王爵而御下，熊旗組甲，因地險而陵上。 日者王琳始貳，蕭勃未夷，西結三湘，南通五嶺，衡、廣戡定，既安反側，江、郢紛梗，復生攜背，擁據一郡，苟且百心，志貌常違，言跡不副。 特以新吳未靜，地遠兵彊，互相兼并，成其形勢。 收獲器械，俘虜士民，並曰私財，曾無獻捷。 時遣一介，終持兩端。 朝廷光大含弘，引納崇遇，遂乃位等三槐，任均四嶽，富貴隆赫，超絕功臣。 加以出師逾嶺，遠相響援，按甲斷江，翻然猜拒。 故司空愍公，敦以宗盟，情同骨肉，城池連接，勢猶脣齒，彭亡之禍，坐觀難作，階此舋故，結其黨與。 于時北寇侵軼，西賊憑陵，屝屨糇糧，悉以資寇，爵號軍容，一遵偽黨。 及王師凱振，大定區中，天網恢弘，棄之度外，璽書綸誥，撫慰綢繆，冠蓋縉紳，敦授重疊。 至於熊曇朗勦滅，豐城克定，蓋由儀同法𣰋之元功，安西周敷之效力，司勳有典，懋賞斯舊，惡直醜正，自為仇讎，悖禮姦謀，因此滋甚。 徵出湓城，歷年不就，求遣侍子，累載未朝。 外誘逋亡，招集不逞，中調京輦，規冀非常。 擅斂征賦，罕歸九府，擁遏二賈，害及四民。 潛結賊異，共為表裏，同惡相求，密加應援。 謂我六軍薄伐，三越未寧，屠破述城，虜縛妻息，分襲湓鎮，稱兵蠡邦，拘逼酋豪，攻圍城邑，幸國有備，應時衄殄。
The rebel Zhou Di sprang from humble ranks; in Liang's collapse he plundered the hills. Our Founder himself led the hundred Yue, halted at the nine rivers, washed mud from them and lent them feather and down, cut the pig tally and split the beast seal—[4]—a brooding kindness none could match. When the dynasty's fortune began he showed good faith, yet in the state's distress he barely served. Dragon tally and embroidered robe let him rule from borrowed rank; bear banner and mail let him tower from rugged ground over his betters. When Wang Lin first wavered and Xiao Bo still stood, he tied to the three Xiang westward and the five ranges southward; Heng and Guang were quieted and rebels steadied, yet Jiang and Ying stirred again—he clutched one commandery with a hundred fickle hearts, face and deed ever at odds, word and trail never aligned. Only while Xinwu stayed unsettled and distant ground bred strong arms did mutual swallowing build his strength. Arms he gathered, people he seized, and called it all private spoil—never once reporting victory to the throne. When the court sent one envoy, he still straddled both sides. The court, broad in mercy, drew him close with honor until he ranked with the Three Hushes and shared the Four Peaks' burden—wealth and title towering above every merit-holder. When armies crossed the hills he answered from afar; he held his men and barred the river, then turned sudden and defiant. The late lamented Minister of Works treated him as sworn kin, bone to bone; their walls touched, strength like lips and teeth—yet at Pengwang's ruin he only watched trouble grow, and on that grudge knit his faction. Northern raiders then pressed the frontier and western rebels leaned on the land; sandals and grain he fed the foe; rank and martial show he copied the rebel host. When the imperial host returned victorious and the realm was largely settled, heaven's net was wide and set him outside it—yet edict on edict soothed him, honors on honors from the girdled ranks. The fall of Xiong Tanlang and Fengcheng came chiefly from Fading's founding merit and Fu's exertion—the Ministry of Awards keeps its rule and rich reward is ancient custom—yet he hated the upright, made enemies of the true, and against ritual and in secret plot grew worse still. Called from Poyang, he would not come for years; asked for a son at court, the boy stayed away for years. Outside he lured fugitives and gathered rowdies; inside he stirred the capital, scheming the unthinkable. He taxed on his own and seldom sent coin to the nine treasuries; he choked the two trade roads and hurt the four orders of folk. He secretly joined rebel Liu Yi, outer and inner as one coat; alike in evil, they answered each other in secret. He judged our six hosts' light campaign and the three Yue still restless—yet when we broke Shucheng, seized wives and children, and struck Poyang apart, he raised arms in the Li lands, coerced chiefs, and besieged towns; the state was ready, and he was crushed at once.
14
假節、通直散騎常侍、仁武將軍、尋陽太守懷仁縣伯華皎，明威將軍、廬陵太守益陽縣子陸子隆，並破賊徒，剋全郡境。 持節、散騎常侍、安西將軍、定州刺史、[5]領豫章太守西豐縣侯周敷，躬扞溝壘，身當矢石，率茲義勇，以寡摧眾，斬馘萬計，俘虜千群。 迪方收餘燼，還固墉堞。 使持節、安南將軍、開府儀同三司、高州刺史新建縣侯法𣰋，雄績早宣，忠誠夙著，未奉王命，前率義旅，既援敷等，又全子隆，裹糧擐甲，仍躡飛走，批羆之旅，驅馳越電，振武之眾，叱吒移山，以此追奔，理無遺類。
Acting-credential fast-track regular attendant, humane-martial general, Xunyang administrator, Marquis of Huairen Hua Jiao, and bright-prestige general, Luling administrator, Viscount of Yiyang Lu Zilong, both broke the rebels and restored their commanderies entire. Credential-bearing scattered-cavalry regular attendant, pacifying-the-west general, Ding inspector, [5] and Yuzhang administrator, Marquis of Xifeng Zhou Fu, manned ditch and wall and stood in the arrow storm; with loyal courage and few men he broke many—tens of thousands slain, thousands taken. Di was gathering embers and clinging again to wall and tower. Envoy-credential pacifying-the-south general, opener equal to the three dukes, Gao inspector, Marquis of Xinjian Fading, had shown heroism early and loyalty long; before royal orders he led loyal troops, aided Fu, and saved Zilong whole—grain wrapped, armor on, still chasing the flying foe; bear-beating hosts outran lightning; mountain-shaking warriors shouted hills aside—by such pursuit none should escape.
15
雖復朽株將拔，非待尋斧，落葉就殞，無勞烈風； 但去草絕根，在於未蔓，撲火止燎，貴乎速滅，分命將帥，寔資英果。 今遣鎮南儀同司馬、湘東公相劉廣德，兼平西司馬孫曉，北新蔡太守魯廣達，持節、安南將軍、吳州刺史彭澤縣侯魯悉達，甲士萬人，步出興口。 又遣前吳興太守胡鑠，樹功將軍、前宣城太守錢法成，天門、義陽二郡太守樊毅，雲麾將軍、合州刺史南固縣侯焦僧度，嚴武將軍、建州刺史辰縣子張智達，持節、都督江吳二州諸軍事、安南將軍、江州刺史安吳縣侯吳明徹，樓艦馬步，直指臨川。 前安成內史劉士京，巴山太守蔡僧貴，南康內史劉峰，廬陵太守陸子隆，安成內史闕慎，並受儀同法𣰋節度，同會故郡。 又命尋陽太守華皎，光烈將軍、巴州刺史潘純陀，平西將軍、郢州刺史欣樂縣侯章昭達，並率貔豹，逕造賊城。 使持節、散騎常侍、鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司、湘州刺史湘東郡公度，分遣偏裨，相繼上道，戈船蔽水，彀騎彌山。 又詔鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司歐陽頠，率其子弟交州刺史盛、新除太子右率邃、衡州刺史侯曉等，[6]以勁越之兵，踰嶺北邁。 千里同期，百道俱集，如脫稽誅，更淹旬晦，司空、大都督安都已平賊異，凱歸非久，飲至禮畢，乘勝長驅，勦撲凶醜，如燎毛髮。 已有明詔，罪唯迪身，黎民何辜，一皆原宥。 其有因機立功，賞如別格； 執迷不改，刑茲罔赦。 吳明徹至臨川，令眾軍作連城攻迪，相拒不能剋，世祖乃遣高宗總督討之，迪眾潰，妻子悉擒，乃脫身踰嶺之晉安，依于陳寶應。 寶應以兵資迪，留異又遣第二子忠臣隨之。
Though a rotten stump will fall without a second axe, and fallen leaves will die without a gale wind; yet weeds are uprooted before they spread, and fire is quenched while the blaze is small—orders divided among generals truly need heroic fruit. We now send pacifying-the-south equal-in-honor's army marshal, Xiangdong duke's chancellor Liu Guangde, with pacifying-the-west marshal Sun Xiao, North Xin'ai administrator Lu Guangda, credential-bearing pacifying-the-south general and Wu inspector Marquis of Pengze Lu Xida, and ten thousand armored men, marching from Xingkou. We also send former Wu Xing administrator Hu Shuo, merit-establishing general and former Xuancheng administrator Qian Facheng, Tianmen and Yiyang administrators Fan Yi, cloud-banner general and He inspector Marquis of Nangu Jiao Sengdu, stern-martial general and Jian inspector Viscount of Chen Zhang Zhida, and credential-bearing commander of Jiang and Wu, pacifying-the-south general, Jiang inspector Marquis of Anwu Wu Mingche, with tower ships and horse and foot straight at Linchuan. Former Ancheng interior administrator Liu Shijing, Bashan administrator Cai Senggui, Nankang interior administrator Liu Feng, Luling administrator Lu Zilong, and Ancheng interior administrator Que Shen all take Fading's orders and meet at the old commandery seat. We also order Xunyang administrator Hua Jiao, bright-blaze general and Ba administrator Pan Chuntuo, and pacifying-the-west general and Ying inspector Marquis of Xinle Zhang Zhaoda, each leading tiger troops straight to the rebel city. Envoy-credential scattered-cavalry regular attendant, pacifying-the-south general, opener equal to the three dukes, Xiang inspector, Duke of Xiangdong Du, sends wing after wing on the road—war boats blanket the water, armored riders the hills. We also command pacifying-the-south general and opener equal to the three dukes Ouyang Yi to lead his sons—Jiao inspector Sheng, the newly made crown-prince right leader Sui, Heng inspector Hou Xiao, and others—[6]—with hard Yue troops over the ranges north. A thousand li on one timetable, a hundred roads converging—if we linger on punishment another fortnight, the Minister of Works and grand commander will already have pacified Liu Yi and soon return victorious; when the drinking rite ends we drive the victory straight on and stamp the vicious out like singeing hair. A clear edict already states: guilt is Di's alone; what fault have the people? All are forgiven. Whoever seizes the moment for merit will be rewarded by separate statute; whoever clings to error unchanged, the law knows no mercy. Wu Mingche reached Linchuan and ordered linked siegeworks against Di; they faced each other without victory; Emperor Wen then sent Emperor Gaozong to command the campaign overall; Di's men collapsed, wife and children all taken; he alone fled over the ranges to Jin'an and clung to Chen Baoying. Baoying armed Di with troops and stores; Liu Yi also sent his second son, the Loyal Subject, to follow.
16
明年秋，復越東興嶺，東興、南城、永成縣民，皆迪故人，復共應之。 世祖遣都督章昭達征迪，迪又散于山谷。 初，侯景之亂也，百姓皆棄本業，群聚為盜，唯迪所部，獨不侵擾，並分給田疇，督其耕作，民下肆業，各有贏儲，政教嚴明，徵斂必至，餘郡乏絕者，皆仰以取給。 迪性質朴，不事威儀，冬則短身布袍，夏則紫紗袜腹，居常徒跣，雖外列兵衛，內有女伎，挼繩破篾，傍若無人。 然輕財好施，凡所周贍，毫釐必鈞，訥於言語，而襟懷信實，臨川人皆德之。 至是並共藏匿，雖加誅戮，無肯言者。 昭達仍度嶺，頓于建安，與陳寶應相抗，迪復收合出東興。 時宣城太守錢肅鎮東興，以城降迪。 吳州刺史陳詳，率師攻迪，詳兵大敗，虔化侯陳訬、陳留太守張遂並戰死，於是迪眾復振。 世祖遣都督程靈洗擊破之，迪又與十餘人竄于山穴中，日月轉久，相隨者亦稍苦之。 後遣人潛出臨川郡市魚鮭，足痛，舍於邑子，邑子告臨川太守駱牙，牙執之，令取迪自效。 因使腹心勇士隨入山中，誘迪出獵，伏兵於道傍，斬之，傳首京都，梟于朱雀觀三日。
Next autumn he crossed Dongxing Pass again; people of Dongxing, Nancheng, and Yongcheng were all his old ties and rose for him once more. Emperor Wen sent commander Zhang Zhaoda against Di; Di again melted into the hills. In the Hou Jing turmoil commoners had abandoned their trades and banded as robbers; only under Di was there no looting—he parceled fields, oversaw farming, and folk worked their trades with surplus in every storehouse; rule was strict, levies sure, and needy commanderies lived on his grain. Di was plain by nature and cared nothing for display; in winter a short cloth coat, in summer a purple gauze belly-wrap; usually barefoot; though guards stood without, singers within, he twisted rope and split bamboo as if alone. Yet he was free with wealth and loved to give; every gift he weighed to the hair; slow of tongue but faithful in heart—the people of Linchuan all honored him. Now they hid him together; though execution pressed them, none would tell. Zhaoda crossed the pass and camped at Jian'an against Chen Baoying; Di gathered men again and came out at Dongxing. Xuancheng administrator Qian Su then held Dongxing and surrendered the city to Di. Wu prefect Chen Xiang marched against Di and was routed. Marquis of Qianhua Chen Xu and Chenliu prefect Zhang Sui fell in battle, and Di's forces rallied again. Emperor Wen sent area commander Cheng Lingxi to break them. Di fled into the hills with a dozen men. Time wore on, and even his companions began to suffer. Later he sent men secretly to buy fish at the Linchuan market. His feet pained him, and he stayed with a villager, who told Linchuan prefect Luo Ya. Ya seized him and ordered him to deliver Di alive. He sent trusted warriors into the hills to lure Di out hunting, ambushed him on the road, and beheaded him. The head went to the capital and hung three days at Vermilion Bird Observatory.
17
留異，東陽長山人也。 世為郡著姓。 異善自居處，言語醞藉，為鄉里雄豪。 多聚惡少，陵侮貧賤，守宰皆患之。 梁代為蟹浦戍主，歷晉安、安固二縣令。 侯景之亂，還鄉里，召募士卒，東陽郡丞與異有隙，引兵誅之，及其妻子。 太守沈巡援臺，讓郡於異，異使兄子超監知郡事，率兵隨巡出都。
Liu Yi came from Changshan in Dongyang. For generations his clan ranked among the commandery's leading families. Yi carried himself well and spoke with polished ease; he was a local magnate. He gathered ruffians and bullied the poor; every magistrate feared him. Under Liang he was garrison chief at Xiepu and magistrate of Jin'an and Angu in turn. When Hou Jing rebelled he went home and raised troops. The Dongyang commandery aide, who hated him, led soldiers to kill Yi and his family. Prefect Shen Xun went to relieve the capital and yielded the commandery to Yi. Yi set his nephew Chao to run the commandery and marched with Xun to the capital.
18
及京城陷，異隨臨城公蕭大連，大連板為司馬，委以軍事。 異性殘暴，無遠略，督責大連軍主及以左右私樹威福，眾並患之。 會景將軍宋子仙濟浙江，異奔還鄉里，尋以其眾降于子仙。 是時大連亦趣東陽之信安嶺，欲之鄱陽，異乃為子仙鄉導，令執大連。 侯景署異為東陽太守，收其妻子為質。 景行臺劉神茂建義拒景，異外同神茂，而密契於景。 及神茂敗績，為景所誅，異獨獲免。
When the capital fell Yi followed Prince of Lincheng Xiao Dalian, who made him marshal and gave him the army. Yi was cruel and shortsighted; he squeezed Dalian's commanders and used favorites to build private power, and all hated him. When Hou Jing's general Song Zixian crossed the Zhe, Yi fled home and soon surrendered his troops to him. Dalian was also hurrying toward Xin'an Ridge in Dongyang, bound for Poyang. Yi guided Zixian and had him seize Dalian. Hou Jing made Yi Dongyang prefect and held his wife and children hostage. Jing's field secretariat chief Liu Shenmao turned against him. Yi pretended to join Shenmao but secretly kept faith with Jing. When Shenmao was beaten Jing killed him; Yi alone was spared.
19
侯景平後，王僧辯使異慰勞東陽，仍糾合鄉閭，保據巖阻，其徒甚盛，州郡憚焉。 元帝以為信安令。 荊州陷，王僧辯以異為東陽太守。 世祖平定會稽，異雖轉輸糧饋，而擁擅一郡，威福在己。 紹泰二年，以應接之功，除持節、通直散騎常侍、信武將軍、縉州刺史，領東陽太守，封永興縣侯，[7]邑五百戶。 其年遷散騎常侍、信威將軍，增邑三百戶，餘並如故。 又以世祖長女豐安公主配異第三子貞臣。 永定二年，徵異為使持節、散騎常侍、都督南徐州諸軍事、平北將軍、南徐州刺史，異遷延不就。
After Hou Jing was crushed Wang Sengbian sent Yi to reassure Dongyang, but Yi still rallied the countryside and held the passes. His following was huge, and the region feared him. Emperor Yuan made him magistrate of Xin'an. When Jingzhou fell Wang Sengbian made him Dongyang prefect. When Emperor Wen took Kuaiji, Yi sent grain but still kept the whole commandery in his grip, with power and favor his alone. In Shaotai year 2, for aiding the court, he was made bearer of credentials, direct regular attendant of scattered cavalry, trust-military general, inspector of Jingzhou with concurrent Dongyang prefect, and marquis of Yongxing county [7] with a fief of five hundred households. On [7]: the Southern History reads Yongjia. That year he rose to scattered-cavalry regular attendant and trust-prestige general, with three hundred more households in the fief; other posts were unchanged. Emperor Wen also gave his eldest daughter, Princess Feng'an, to Yi's third son Zhenchen. In Yongding year 2 he was summoned as bearer of credentials, scattered-cavalry regular attendant, commander-in-chief of South Xuzhou, pacify-north general, and inspector of South Xuzhou. Yi stalled and never came.
20
昔四罪難弘，大媯之所無赦，九黎亂德，少昊之所必誅。 自古皇王，不貪征伐，苟為時蠹，事非獲已。
Of old the four crimes were hard to spare: Great Gun found no pardon from the Great Regulator; the Nine Li corrupted virtue, and Shaohao surely put them to death. Since antiquity kings have not loved war; when a man is the age's pest, they act because they must.
21
逆賊留異，數應亡滅，繕甲完聚，由來積年。 進謝群龍，自躍於千里，退懷首鼠，恆持於百心。 中歲密契番禺，既弘天網，賜以名爵，敦以國姻，儻望懷音，猶能革面。 王琳竊據中流，翻相應接，別引南川之嶺路，專為東道之主人，結附凶渠，唯欣禍亂。 既祅氛盪定，氣沮心孤，類傷鳥之驚弦，等窮獸之謀觸。 雖復遣家入質，子陽之態轉遒； 侍子還朝，隗囂之心方熾。
The rebel Yi should long since have perished; for years he has kept armor bright and hosts gathered. Coming forward he refused the court's grace yet sprang a thousand li; drawing back he played the wavering rat and kept a hundred schemes. In mid-life he secretly tied himself to Panyu. The court spread the heavenly net, gave him rank and a princess marriage—had he listened, he might still have turned his face. Wang Lin held the middle Yangtze and answered him in turn. He opened another mountain route south and made himself master of the eastern road, clinging to villains and welcoming chaos. When the rebels were crushed his spirit sank and he stood alone—like a bird still flinching at the bow, like a beast at bay planning one last rush. Though he again sent his family as hostages, his manner grew only fiercer, like Ziyang; and when the hostage son returned to court his heart burned hotter still, like Wei Xiao.
22
朕志相成養，不計疵慝，披襟解帶，敦喻殷勤。 蜂目彌彰，梟聲無改，遂置軍江口，嚴戍下淮，顯然反叛，非可容匿。 且縉邦膏腴，稽南殷曠，永割王賦，長壅國民，竹箭良材，絕望京輦，萑蒲小盜，共肆貪殘，念彼餘甿，兼其慨息。 西戎屈膝，自款重關，秦國依風，並輸侵地，三邊已乂，四表咸寧，唯此微妖，所宜清殄。 可遣使持節、都督南徐州諸軍事、征北將軍、司空、南徐州刺史桂陽郡開國公安都指往擒戮，罪止異身，餘無所問。
We meant to nurture him to completion, overlooking every fault, opening our breast and speaking with all earnestness. His owl eyes shone the brighter; his owl cry never changed. He set troops at the river mouth and strict guards below the Huai—open rebellion that could not be concealed. Jing was rich land and south Kuaiji teemed with people, yet he forever withheld the royal tax and choked the folk. Fine bamboo never reached the capital; petty bandits plundered with him. To think of those who remained is to sigh twice. Western tribes knelt at the passes; Qin came over and returned seized lands; the three marches are quiet and the four quarters secure—only this petty demon should be destroyed. Let bearer of credentials, commander-in-chief of South Xuzhou, campaign-north general, minister of works, inspector of South Xuzhou, and founding duke of Guiyang Andu go to seize and kill him. Guilt rests on Yi alone; no one else will be punished.
23
異本謂官軍自錢塘江而上，安都乃由會稽、諸暨步道襲之。 異聞兵至，大恐，棄郡奔于桃支嶺，於嶺口立柵自固。 明年春，安都大破其柵，異與第二子忠臣奔于陳寶應，於是虜其餘黨男女數千人。 天嘉五年，陳寶應平，并擒異送都，斬于建康市，子姪及同黨無少長皆伏誅，唯第三子貞臣以尚主獲免。
Yi expected the imperial army up the Qiantang. Andu marched overland through Kuaiji and Zhuji instead. Hearing the army had come, Yi was terrified, left the commandery, and fled to Taozhi Ridge, where he walled the pass. Next spring Andu smashed the palisades. Yi and his second son Chuxin fled to Chen Baoying. Several thousand followers, men and women, were taken. In Tianjia year 5, when Chen Baoying fell, Yi was seized, sent to the capital, and beheaded in the Jiankang market. Sons, nephews, and allies of every age were killed; only the third son Zhenchen was spared because he had married the princess.
24
陳寶應，晉安候官人也。 世為閩中四姓。 父羽，有材幹，為郡雄豪。 寶應性反覆，多變詐。 梁代晉安數反，累殺郡將，羽初並扇惑合成其事，後復為官軍鄉導破之，由是一郡兵權皆自己出。
Chen Baoying came from Houguan in Jin'an. For generations his clan was one of Min's four great surnames. His father Yu was capable and a commandery magnate. Baoying was fickle and steeped in deceit. Under Liang Jin'an rose repeatedly and killed its prefects. Yu first stirred the rebels, then guided government troops to crush them, and from then on held the commandery's military power.
25
侯景之亂，晉安太守、賓化侯蕭雲以郡讓羽，羽年老，但治郡事，令寶應典兵。 是時東境饑饉，會稽尤甚，死者十七八，平民男女，並皆自賣，而晉安獨豐沃。 寶應自海道寇臨安、永嘉及會稽、餘姚、諸暨，[8]又載米粟與之貿易，多致玉帛子女，其有能致舟乘者，亦並奔歸之，由是大致貲產，士眾彊盛。 侯景平，元帝因以羽為晉安太守。
When Hou Jing rebelled, Jin'an prefect Marquis of Binhua Xiao Yun yielded the commandery to Yu. Yu was old and ran civil affairs while Baoying commanded the troops. The east was starving; Kuaiji was worst, with seven or eight in ten dead. Families sold themselves, yet Jin'an alone stayed rich. Baoying raided by sea at Linhai [8], Yongjia, Kuaiji, Yuyao, and Zhuji, and traded rice and grain for silks, jades, and women. On [8]: Lin'an in the base text should be Linhai. Whoever could sail a boat joined him, and he grew very rich and strong. When Hou Jing was crushed Emperor Yuan made Yu Jin'an prefect.
26
寶應娶留異女為妻，侯安都之討異也，寶應遣兵助之，又資周迪兵糧，出寇臨川。 及都督章昭達於東興、南城破迪，世祖因命昭達都督眾軍，由建安南道渡嶺，又命益州刺史領信義太守余孝頃都督會稽、東陽、臨海、永嘉諸軍自東道會之，以討寶應，并詔宗正絕其屬籍。 於是尚書下符曰：
Baoying married Liu Yi's daughter. When Hou Andu attacked Yi, Baoying sent troops to help and supplied Zhou Di with grain, then raided Linchuan. When Zhang Zhaoda beat Di at Dongxing and Nancheng, Emperor Wen put Zhaoda over all forces crossing south by the Jian'an road and ordered Yizhou inspector Yu Xiaoding, also Xinyi prefect, to strike from the east through Kuaiji, Dongyang, Linhai, and Yongjia. The clan director was told to erase Baoying from the register. The Masters of Writing then issued a dispatch:
27
告晉安士庶：昔隴西旅拒，漢不稽誅，遼東叛換，魏申宏略。 若夫無諸漢之策勳，有扈夏之同姓，至於納吳濞之子，致橫海之師，違姒啟之命，有甘誓之討。 況迺族不繫於宗盟，名無紀於庸器，而顯成三叛，舋深四罪者乎？
To the people of Jin'an: Longxi once resisted and Han did not delay punishment; Liaodong rebelled and Wei laid down a great plan. Wu Ru served Han; Youhu shared Xia's kinship; one took Wu Pi's son and raised the armies of the Four Seas; another defied Si Qi and met the oath of Gan— how much more when a clan is not bound to the royal house, its name not listed among the worthy, yet plainly commits three rebellions and guilt as deep as the four crimes?
28
案閩寇陳寶應父子，卉服支孽，本迷愛敬。 梁季喪亂，閩隅阻絕，父既豪俠，扇動蠻陬，椎髻箕坐，自為渠帥，無聞訓義，所資姦諂，爰肆蜂豺，俄而解印。 炎行方謝，網漏吞舟，日月居諸，棄之度外。 自東南王氣，寔表聖基，斗牛聚星，允符王跡，梯山航海，雖若款誠，擅割瑰珍，竟微職貢。 朝廷遵養含弘，寵靈隆赫，起家臨郡，兼晝繡之榮，裂地置州，假藩麾之盛。 即封戶牖，仍邑櫟陽，乘華轂者十人，保弊廬而萬石。 又以盛漢君臨，推恩婁敬，隆周朝會，迺長滕侯，由是紫泥青紙，遠賁恩澤，鄉亭龜組，頒及嬰孩。
We find the Min bandits Chen Baoying and his father—savage dress, a side branch—who from the first forgot love and respect. Liang fell into chaos and Min was cut off. The father was bold and stirred the hill tribes; with topknots they sat as chiefs, knowing no rites, trusting only flattery, then cast off the seal. The Han line was ending; the net let great fish through; time passed and they were left outside the law. Southeastern royal qi marked the new throne; Dipper and Ox stars matched the royal trace. Though they seemed to come over mountains and seas in submission, they kept gems for themselves and barely paid tribute. The court nurtured and bore with them, heaping favor: from home to commandery with brocade glory by day; land split into a province and a commander's banner lent. Households were enfeoffed at once, with Liyang still in the fief; ten men rode fine carriages while ten-thousand-bushel pay guarded poor roofs. As Han ruled all, favor spread like Lou Jing's; as Zhou held court Teng was made long marquis—purple edicts and blue paper came from afar, tortoise seals from district and village even to infants.
29
自谷遷喬，孰復為擬，而苞藏鴆毒，敢行狼戾。 連結留異，表裏周迪，盟歃婚姻，自為脣齒，屈彊山谷，推移歲時。 及我彀騎防山，定秦望之西部，戈船下瀨，克匯澤之南川，遂敢舉斧，並助凶孽，莫不應弦摧衄，盡殪醜徒。 每以罪在酋渠，憫茲驅逼，所收俘馘，並勒矜放。 仍遣中使，爰降詔書，天網恢弘，猶許改思。 異既走險，迪又逃刑，誑侮王人，為之川藪，遂使袁熙請席，遠歎頭行，馬援觀蛙，猶安井底。 至如遏絕九賦，剽掠四民，闔境資財，盡室封奪，凡厥倉頭，皆略黔首。 蝥賊相扇，協契連蹤，乃復踰超瀛溟，寇擾浹口，侵軼嶺嶠，掩襲述城，縛掠吏民，焚燒官寺，此而可縱，孰不可容？
From low to high, what could match it—yet he hid poison and dared wolfish outrage. He joined Liu Yi and Zhou Di, oath and marriage making them lip and teeth, strong in the hills year after year. When our cavalry held the mountains and took Qinwang's western flank, and war-boats swept Huize's southern streams, they still raised the axe to aid the rebels—every one broke at the string and the whole wicked band was killed. Each time guilt lay with the chiefs we pitied those they drove; captives were ordered released. We still sent palace envoys with edicts; the heavenly net was wide and still allowed repentance. Yi had fled to the hills and Di had escaped justice. They mocked the king's officers and made a mountain lair—like Yuan Xi asking for a mat and sighing at Touxing far away, like Ma Yuan watching frogs content in a well. They cut off the nine taxes, plundered the four orders, seized all wealth in the region and stripped every house, and every bondservant was taken from the people. Bandits stirred one another and again crossed the sea, raided Jia mouth, struck the passes, stormed Shucheng, bound officials and people, and burned government temples—if this is allowed, what is not?
30
今遣沙州刺史俞文冏，明威將軍程文季，假節、宣猛將軍、成州刺史甘他，假節、雲旗將軍譚瑱，假節、宣猛將軍、前監臨海郡陳思慶，前軍將軍徐智遠，明毅將軍宜黃縣開國侯慧紀，開遠將軍、新除晉安太守趙彖，持節、通直散騎常侍、壯武將軍、定州刺史康樂縣開國侯林馮，假節、信威將軍、都督東討諸軍事、益州刺史余孝頃，率羽林二萬，蒙衝蓋海，乘跨滄波，掃蕩巢窟。 此皆明恥教戰，濡須鞠旅，[9]累從楊僕，亟走孫恩，斬蛟中流，命馮夷而鳴鼓，黿鼉為駕，轥方壺而建旗。
Now Shazhou inspector Yu Wenjiong, bright-prestige general Cheng Wenji, acting credential-bearer and fierce-assault general Gan Ta of Chengzou, acting credential-bearer and cloud-banner general Tan Zhen, acting credential-bearer and fierce-assault general Chen Sijing, former overseer of Linhai, vanguard general Xu Zhiyuan, bright-resolve general and founding marquis of Yihuang Huaiji, open-distance general and new Jin'an prefect Zhao Can, credential-bearer and direct regular attendant Lin Feng of Dingzhou, and acting credential-bearer Yu Xiaoding of Yizhou, commander of the eastern campaign, lead twenty thousand guards. War-junks cover the sea to sweep the nest clean. They know shame and teach war; at Ruxu they drill [9], followed Yang Pu again and again, chased Sun En repeatedly, cut the flood-dragon midstream and ordered Feng Yi to drum, drove turtle and alligator as chariot and raised banners over Fanghu. On [9]: the Ruxu camp reference is not corrupt.
31
義安太守張紹賓，忠誠款到，累使求軍，南康內史裴忌，新除輕車將軍劉峰，東衡州刺史錢道戢，並即遣人仗，與紹賓同行。
Yi'an prefect Zhang Shaobin came in loyalty and begged for troops again and again. Nankang interior administrator Pei Ji, new light-chariot general Liu Feng, and Donghengzhou inspector Qian Daozhi all sent men and arms to march with him.
32
故司空歐陽公，昔有表奏，請宣薄伐，遙途意合，若伏波之論兵，長逝遺誠，同子顏之勿赦。 征南薨謝，上策無忘，周南餘恨，嗣子弗忝。 廣州刺史歐陽紇，克符家聲，聿遵廣略，舟師步卒，二萬分趨，水扼長鯨，陸掣封狶，董率衡、廣之師，會我六軍。
The late minister of works Lord Ouyang once memorialized for a limited campaign; his intent matched ours across the distance, like Fubo's talk of war. Dead, he left a charge like Ziyan's "do not spare." The campaign-south lord is gone, but the upper plan is not forgotten. Zhounan's remaining regret—the heir will not fail it. Guangzhou inspector Ouyang He keeps the family name and follows the broad plan. Twenty thousand men by river and land hurry forward; on water he blocks the long whale, on land he reins the great boar, leading Heng and Guang to join our six armies.
33
潼州刺史李䐗，[10]明州刺史戴晃，新州刺史區白獸，[11]壯武將軍脩行師，陳留太守張遂，前安成內史闕慎，前廬陵太守陸子隆，前豫寧太守任蠻奴，[12]巴山太守黃法慈，戎昭將軍、湘東公世子徐敬成，吳州刺史魯廣達，前吳州刺史遂興縣開國侯詳，使持節、都督征討諸軍事、散騎常侍、護軍將軍昭達，率緹騎五千，組甲二萬，直渡邵武，仍頓晉安。 按轡揚旌，夷山堙谷，指期掎角，以制飛走。
Tongzhou inspector Li La [10], Mingzhou inspector Dai Huang, Xinzhou inspector Qu Baishou [11], stalwart-military general Xiu Xingshi, Chenliu prefect Zhang Sui, former Angu interior administrator Que Shen, former Luling prefect Lu Zilong, former Yuning prefect Ren Mannu [12], Bashan prefect Huang Fahui, martial-display general and heir of Duke of Xiangdong Xu Jingcheng, Wu prefect Lu Guangda, former Wu prefect and founding marquis of Suixing Xiang, and credential-bearer Zhang Zhaoda, protector general and commander of the campaign, lead five thousand brocade cavalry and twenty thousand mailed men across at Shaowu and camp at Jin'an. On [10]: Li La is also written Ji La or Li Du, doubtful. On [11]: Baishou is probably Baihu (Tiger), a Tang taboo change. On [12]: Yuning, not Yuzhang, is correct here. Holding reins and raising banners, leveling mountains and filling valleys, they set a day to pinch the corner and catch the fugitives.
34
前宣 （威） 〔城〕太守錢肅，[13]臨川太守駱牙，太子左衛率孫詡，尋陽太守莫景隆，豫章太守劉廣德，並隨機鎮遏，絡驛在路。
Former Xuan (wei) Collation variant: [cheng]; adopted reading: Former Xuancheng prefect Qian Su [13], Linchuan prefect Luo Ya, left leader of the crown prince's guard Sun Xu, Xunyang prefect Mo Jinglong, and Yuzhang prefect Liu Guangde all garrison as occasion demands, relays on every road. On [13]: Zhou Di's biography reads Xuancheng for Xuanwei.
35
使持節、散騎常侍、鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史新建縣開國侯法𣰋，戒嚴中流，以為後殿。
Credential-bearer Huang Fading, scattered-cavalry regular attendant, pacify-south general with a mansion equal to the three dukes, Jiangzhou inspector, and founding marquis of Xinjian, stands alert midstream as rear guard.
36
斧鉞所臨，罪唯元惡及留異父子。 其黨主帥，雖有請泥函谷，相背淮陰，若能翻然改圖，因機立效，非止肆眚， （乃） 〔仍〕加賞擢。 [14]其建、晉士民，久被驅迫者，大軍明加撫慰，各安樂業，流寓失鄉，即還本土。 其餘立功立事，已具賞格。 若執迷不改，同惡趑趄，斧鉞一臨，罔知所赦。
Where the axe reaches, guilt rests only on the chief villain and Liu Yi and his son. Their chiefs, though some clung to Hangu or turned like Huaiyin, if they change course and win merit at once will not only be pardoned, (nai) Collation variant: [still]; adopted reading: but also be promoted and rewarded. [14] The people of Jian and Jin long driven by force—the great army will comfort them plainly, each to his trade; those displaced return home. Other rewards for merit are already set out in the regulations. If they cling to error, share the crime, and hesitate, when the axe comes none will be spared.
37
昭達既剋周迪，踰東興嶺，頓于建安，余孝頃又自臨海道襲于晉安，寶應據建安之湖際，逆拒王師，水陸為柵。 昭達深溝高壘，不與戰，但命軍士伐木為簰。 俄而水盛，乘流放之，突其水柵，仍水步薄之，寶應眾潰，身奔山草閒，窘而就執，并其子弟二十人送都，斬于建康市。
Zhaoda, having beaten Di, crossed Dongxing Ridge and camped at Jian'an. Yu Xiaoding also struck Jin'an from the Linhai road. Baoying held the lake shore at Jian'an and met the royal army behind water and land palisades. Zhaoda dug deep moats and high walls and would not fight, only ordering men to cut wood for rafts. Soon the water rose. They rode the flood, smashed the water palisades, and closed in by river and land. Baoying's army broke. He fled into the hills, was caught, and with twenty sons and younger brothers was sent to the capital and beheaded in the Jiankang market.
38
史臣曰：梁末之災沴，群凶競起，郡邑巖穴之長，村屯鄔壁之豪，資剽掠以致彊，恣陵侮而為大。 高祖應期撥亂，戡定安輯，熊曇朗、周迪、留異、陳寶應雖身逢興運，猶志在亂常。 曇朗姦慝翻覆，夷滅斯為幸矣。 寶應及異，世祖或敦以婚姻，或處其類族，豈有不能威制，蓋以德懷也。 遂乃背恩負義，各立異圖，地匪淮南，有為帝之志，勢非庸、蜀，啟自王之心。 嗚呼，既其迷暗所致，五宗屠勦，宜哉！
The historian says: At Liang's end calamity bred rebels everywhere. Cave chiefs and stockade heroes grew strong by plunder and great by bullying. The Founder met the age, quelled disorder, and brought peace. Xiong Tanlang, Zhou Di, Liu Yi, and Chen Baoying met the rising fortune yet still chose rebellion. Tanlang's treachery turned again and again; to destroy him was fortune indeed. Baoying and Yi—Emperor Wen sometimes bound them by marriage or treated them as kin. Could he not have overawed them? He meant to win them by virtue. Thereupon they betrayed kindness and broke faith, each plotting his own course; their lands were no Huainan, yet they nursed an emperor's ambition; their strength was no Yong or Shu, yet they roused the heart of kingship. Alas—since their own blindness brought it on, the slaughter of five clans was only fitting!
39
校勘記
Collation notes
40
懸于朱雀觀殿本考證云「觀」《南史》作「航」。
On "exposed at the Vermilion Bird Tower": the Hall edition notes tower reads landing in the Southern History.
41
世祖嗣位進號安南將軍「安南將軍」 〈世祖紀〉 作「鎮南將軍」。
On "when Emperor Wen succeeded and was advanced to Pacify-the-South General" 〈Annals of Emperor Wen〉 reads Pacify-the-Region General.
42
〔天嘉〕三年春「天嘉」二字各本並脫，今據《南史》補。
On "[Tianchen] year 3 spring": Tianchen is missing in all editions and is supplied per the Southern History.
43
仍剖獸符「獸」北監本、汲本、殿本作「虎」。 按此避唐諱改，作「虎」乃後人回改也。
On "still split the beast tally": beast in the Northern Supervisory, Ji, and Hall editions reads tiger. This avoids Tang taboo; tiger is a later restoration.
44
定州刺史 〈周敷傳〉 作「寧州刺史」。
On "Dingzhou Inspector" 〈Biography of Zhou Fu〉 reads Ningzhou Inspector.
45
衡州刺史侯曉等「衡州」 〈侯安都傳〉 附曉事蹟作「東衡州」。
On "Hengzhou Inspector Hou Xiao and others" 〈Biography of Hou Andu〉 the appended account of Xiao's career reads East Hengzhou.
46
封永興縣侯「永興」《南史》作「永嘉」。
On "enfeoffed as Marquis of Yongxing county": Yongxing in the Southern History reads Yongjia.
47
寶應自海道寇臨安永嘉及會稽餘姚諸暨洪頤煊《諸史考異》云：「『臨安』當作『臨海』。」 按臨海與永嘉、會稽、餘姚、諸暨並在浙東，若臨安則在浙西矣。 寶應自海道來，自當先至臨海也，洪說是。
On "Baoying from the sea route raided Lin'an, Yongjia, and Kuaiji, Yuyao, and Zhuji": Hong Yixuan's Collation of Various Histories says Lin'an should be Linhai. Linhai lies with Yongjia, Kuaiji, Yuyao, and Zhuji in eastern Zhe; Lin'an would be in western Zhe. Baoying coming by sea would naturally strike Linhai first; Hong is right.
48
此皆明恥教戰濡須鞠旅篇末附曾鞏等舊校，云「恐有誤」。 按此引用三國吳孫權治兵濡須以拒曹軍故事，不誤。 又： 〈陳寶應傳〉 「此皆明恥教戰，濡須鞠旅」，恐有誤。
On "all these bright shame in teaching battle, Ruxu raising troops": old collation at the chapter end by Zeng Gong and others says probably in error. This cites Sun Quan drilling at Ruxu to resist Cao Cao—not an error. Again: 〈Biography of Chen Baoying〉 "All these bright shame in teaching battle, Ruxu raising troops"—probably in error.
49
潼州刺史李䐗，或本作「季腊」，或本作「李睹」，疑。
On "Tongzhou Inspector Li Xie": the original may read Ji La or Li Du—doubtful.
50
新州刺史區白獸「獸」各本同，疑當作「虎」，亦以避唐諱改。
On "Xinzhou Inspector Qu Baishou": shou is the same in all editions; probably should be tiger, likewise a Tang taboo change.
51
前豫寧太守任蠻奴「豫寧」各本並作「豫章」。 今按《元龜》二一六作「豫寧」， 〈任忠傳〉 亦作「豫寧」，且下另有豫章太守劉廣德，明作「豫章」者訛。
On "former Yuning prefect Ren Mannu": Yuning in all editions reads Zhang. Yuan Gui 216 reads Yuning, 〈Biography of Ren Zhong〉 also reads Yuning, and below there is a separate Zhang prefect Liu Guangde—clearly Zhang is wrong.
52
前宣 （威） 〔城〕太守錢肅「宣威」 〈周迪傳〉 作「宣城」，今據改。
On "former Xuan" Collation variant: (wei). On "[cheng] prefect Qian Su" 〈Biography of Zhou Di〉 reads Xuancheng; now emended accordingly.
53
（乃） 〔仍〕加賞擢據各本改。
Collation variant: (nai). On "[still] added reward and promotion": emended per all editions.