1
孝武皇帝，景帝中子也，母曰王美人。 年四歲立為膠東王。 七歲為皇太子，母為皇后。 十六歲，後三年正月，景帝崩。 甲子，太子即皇帝位，尊皇太后竇氏曰太皇太后，皇后曰皇太后。 三月，封皇太后同母弟田蚡、勝皆為列侯。
Emperor Wu was Emperor Jing's middle son. His mother was Lady Wang, a concubine of Emperor Jing. At age four, he was made King of Jiaodong. At age seven, he became crown prince, and his mother was made empress. At age sixteen, three years later in the first month, Emperor Jing passed away. On the jiazi day, the crown prince ascended the throne as emperor. He honored Empress Dowager Dou as Grand Empress Dowager and the empress as Empress Dowager. In the third month, he enfeoffed the Empress Dowager's uterine brothers Tian Fen and Sheng as marquises.
2
春二月，赦天下，賜民爵一級。 年八十復二算，九十復甲卒。 行三銖錢。
In the second month of spring, he granted a general pardon and raised the noble rank of all commoners by one level. Those eighty years old were exempt from two poll taxes; those ninety were exempt from military service. Three-zhu coins were put into circulation.
3
夏四月己巳，詔曰：「古之立教，鄉里以齒，朝廷以爵，扶世導民，莫善於德。 然則於鄉里先耆艾，奉高年，古之道也。 今天下孝子順孫願自竭盡以承其親，外迫公事，內乏資財，是以孝心闕焉。 朕甚哀之。 民年九十以上，已有受鬻法，為復子若孫，令得身帥妻妾遂其供養之事。」
On the jisi day of the fourth month of summer, he issued this edict: 'In ancient times, education was established by age in villages and by rank at court. Nothing is better for supporting society and guiding the people than virtue. Therefore, in villages, the elderly should be honored first, and those of advanced age should be served. This is the ancient way. Today, filial children and obedient grandchildren throughout the realm wish to exhaust themselves in service to their parents, but they are pressed by public duties externally and lack resources internally, so their filial devotion is deficient. I am deeply grieved by this. For people ninety years and older who already receive government stipends, exempt their sons or grandsons from service so they can personally lead their wives and concubines in the task of providing care for them.'
4
五月，詔曰：「河海潤千里，其令祠官修山川之祠，為歲事，曲加禮。」
In the fifth month, he issued this edict: 'The Yellow River and seas moisten a thousand li of land. Order the sacrificial officials to maintain the sacrifices to mountains and rivers, and for yearly rituals, add special ceremonies.'
5
赦吳楚七國帑輸在官者。
He pardoned the treasury goods of the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu that were held by officials.
6
秋七月，詔曰：「衛士轉置送迎二萬人，其省萬人。 罷苑馬，以賜貧民。」
In the seventh month of autumn, he issued this edict: 'Twenty thousand guards are rotated for escort and welcoming duties. Reduce this by ten thousand men. Dismiss the imperial stables and grant the horses to the poor.'
7
議立明堂。 遣使者安車蒲輪，束帛加璧，徵魯申公。
He held discussions on establishing a Hall of Light. He dispatched envoys with a gentle carriage on cattail-wheeled cart, bearing bundled silk and jade, to summon Master Shen of Lu.
8
二年冬十月，御史大夫趙綰坐請毋奏事太皇太后，及郎中令王臧皆下獄，自殺。 丞相嬰、太尉蚡免。
In the tenth month of winter of the second year, Imperial Secretary Zhao Wan was convicted for requesting that matters not be reported to the Grand Empress Dowager. Chamberlain for Attendants Wang Zang was also convicted. Both were imprisoned and committed suicide. Chancellor Ying and Grand Commandant Fen were dismissed from office.
9
春二月丙戌朔，日有蝕之。 夏四月戊申，有如日夜出。
On the bingxu day, the first day of the second month of spring, there was a solar eclipse. In the fourth month of summer on the wushen day, there appeared something like the sun coming out at night.
10
初置茂陵邑。
He first established Maoling as an imperial settlement.
11
三年春，河水溢于平原，大飢，人相食。
In spring of the third year, the Yellow River flooded Pingyuan commandery. A great famine ensued, and people resorted to cannibalism.
12
賜徙茂陵者戶錢二十萬，田二頃。 初作便門橋。
He granted those who moved to Maoling 200,000 cash per household and two qing of land. He first constructed the Convenient Gate Bridge.
13
秋七月，有星孛于西北。
In the seventh month of autumn, a comet appeared in the northwest.
14
濟川王明坐殺太傅、中傅廢遷防陵。
King Ming of Jichuan was convicted of murdering his Grand Tutor and Palace Assistant. He was deposed and banished to Fangling.
15
閩越圍東甌，東甌告急。 遣中大夫嚴助持節發會稽兵，浮海救之。 未至，閩越走，兵還。
Min Yue besieged Dong'ou, and Dong'ou sent urgent pleas for help. He dispatched Palace Attendant Yan Xie, bearing imperial tallies, to mobilize troops from Kuaiji and sail by sea to rescue them. Before the troops arrived, Min Yue fled, and the army returned.
16
九月丙子晦，日有蝕之。
On the bingzi day, the last day of the ninth month, there was a solar eclipse.
17
四年夏，有風赤如血。 六月，旱。 秋九月，有星孛于東北。
In summer of the fourth year, there was a red wind that looked like blood. In the sixth month, there was drought. In the ninth month of autumn, a comet appeared in the northeast.
18
五年春，罷三銖錢，行半兩錢。
In spring of the fifth year, he abolished three-zhu coins and put half-liang coins into circulation.
19
置五經博士。
He established Doctors of the Five Classics.
20
夏四月，平原君薨。
In the fourth month of summer, Lord Pingyuan passed away.
21
五月，大蝗。
In the fifth month, there was a major locust infestation.
22
秋八月，廣川王越、清河王乘皆薨。
In the eighth month of autumn, King Yue of Guangchuan and King Cheng of Qinghe both passed away.
23
六年春二月乙未，遼東高廟災。 夏四月壬子，高園便殿火。 上素服五日。
In the second month of spring of the sixth year, on the yiwei day, the High Temple in Liaodong suffered a disaster. In the fourth month of summer on the renzi day, the Convenient Hall in the High Garden caught fire. The emperor observed mourning in plain clothes for five days.
24
五月丁亥，太皇太后崩。
On the dinghai day of the fifth month, the Grand Empress Dowager passed away.
25
秋八月，有星孛于東方，長竟天。
In the eighth month of autumn, a comet appeared in the east, its tail stretching across the entire sky.
26
閩越王郢攻南越。 遣大行王恢將兵出豫章，大司農韓安國出會稽，擊之。 未至，越人殺郢降，兵還。
King Ying of Min Yue attacked Nan Yue. He dispatched Grand Herald Wang Hui to lead troops out from Yuzhang, and Grand Minister of Agriculture Han Anguo from Kuaiji, to attack them. Before the troops arrived, the Yue people killed Ying and surrendered. The army returned.
27
元光元年冬十一月，初令郡國舉孝廉各一人。
In the eleventh month of winter of the first year of Yuanguang, he first ordered each commandery and kingdom to recommend one filial and worthy person.
28
衛尉李廣為驍騎將軍屯雲中，中尉程不識為車騎將軍屯鴈門，六月罷。
Guard Commander Li Guang was made Brave Cavalry General and stationed at Yunzhong. Commandant Cheng Bushi was made Chariot Cavalry General and stationed at Yanmen. In the sixth month, they were dismissed.
29
夏四月，赦天下，賜民長子爵一級。 復七國宗室前絕屬者。
In the fourth month of summer, he granted a general pardon and raised the noble rank of eldest sons by one level. He restored relations with the royal clans of the seven kingdoms that had previously been cut off.
30
五月，詔賢良曰：「朕聞昔在唐虞，畫象而民不犯，日月所燭，莫不率俾。 周之成康，刑錯不用，德及鳥獸，教通四海。 海外肅凫，北發渠搜，氐羌徠服。 星辰不孛，日月不蝕，山陵不崩，川谷不塞； 麟鳳在郊藪，河洛出圖書。 嗚虖，何施而臻此與！ 今朕獲奉宗廟，夙興以求，夜寐以思，若涉淵水，未知所濟。 猗與偉與！ 何行而可以章先帝之洪業休德，上參堯舜，下配三王！ 朕之不敏，不能遠德，此子大夫之所睹聞也。 賢良明於古今王事之體，受策察問，咸以書對，著之於篇，朕親覽焉。」 於是董仲舒、公孫弘等出焉。
In the fifth month, he issued this edict to the worthy and good: 'I have heard that in the time of Tang and Yu, they drew images and the people did not violate them. Wherever the sun and moon shone, all followed and obeyed. During the Cheng and Kang reigns of Zhou, punishments were set aside and not used. Virtue extended even to birds and beasts, and teachings reached the four seas. Overseas peoples were submissive and obedient. To the north they attacked Qusou, and the Di and Qiang came and submitted. The stars did not show comets, the sun and moon did not eclipse, mountains did not collapse, rivers and valleys were not blocked; Unicorns and phoenixes appeared in suburban marshes, and the Yellow and Luo rivers produced diagrams and writings. Alas! What policies brought about such results? Now I have the honor of serving the ancestral temples. I rise early to seek solutions and lie awake at night thinking about them, like crossing deep waters with no knowledge of reaching the shore. How magnificent! How splendid! What course of action can manifest the great enterprises and splendid virtues of the former emperors, equaling Yao and Shun above, and matching the Three Kings below? My lack of wisdom prevents me from achieving such distant virtue. This is what you gentlemen have witnessed and heard. The worthy and good understand the substance of kingly affairs ancient and modern. They received the bamboo slips and answered the questions, all responding in writing. These were recorded in chapters, which I personally reviewed.' Thus Dong Zhongshu, Gongsun Hong, and others distinguished themselves.
31
秋七月癸未，日有蝕之。
On the guiwei day of the seventh month of autumn, there was a solar eclipse.
32
二年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。
In the tenth month of winter of the second year, he made an imperial progress to Yong and sacrificed at the five altars.
33
春，詔問公卿曰：「朕飾子女以配單于，金幣文繡賂之甚厚，單于待命加嫚，侵盜亡已。 邊境被害，朕甚閔之。 今欲舉兵攻之，何如？」 大行王恢建議宜擊。 夏六月，御史大夫韓安國為護軍將軍，衛尉李廣為驍騎將軍，太僕公孫賀為輕車將軍，大行王恢為將屯將軍，大中大夫李息為材官將軍，將三十萬眾屯馬邑谷中，誘致單于，欲襲擊之。 單于入塞，覺之，走出。 六月，軍罷。 將軍王恢坐首謀不進，下獄死。
In spring, he issued this edict asking the nobles and ministers: 'I have adorned my daughters to marry the Chanyu, and bribed him richly with gold, coins, and embroidered goods. Yet the Chanyu treats my commands with increasing insolence and continues his invasions and raids without end. The frontiers suffer harm, and I am deeply troubled by this. Now I wish to raise troops and attack him. What do you think?' Grand Herald Wang Hui suggested that they should attack. In the sixth month of summer, Imperial Secretary Han Anguo was made Protector General, Guard Commander Li Guang was made Brave Cavalry General, Master of Carriages Gongsun He was made Light Chariot General, Grand Herald Wang Hui was made Army Encampment General, and Palace Grandee Li Xi was made Timber Officer General. They led a force of 300,000 men stationed in the valley of Maiyi to lure the Chanyu and ambush him. The Chanyu entered the border fortifications, became aware of the trap, and fled. In the sixth month, the army was disbanded. General Wang Hui was convicted of being the chief plotter who failed to advance. He was imprisoned and died.
34
秋九月，令民大酺五日。
In the ninth month of autumn, he ordered the people to hold great community feasts for five days.
35
三年春，河水徙，從頓丘東南流入勃海。
In spring of the third year, the Yellow River changed course, flowing southeast from Dunqiu into the Bohai Sea.
36
夏五月，封高祖功臣五人後為列侯。
In the fifth month of summer, he enfeoffed the descendants of five of Gaozu's meritorious ministers as marquises.
37
河水決濮陽，氾郡十六。 發卒十萬救決河。 起龍淵宮。
The Yellow River breached at Puyang, flooding sixteen commanderies. He mobilized 100,000 soldiers to rescue the breached river. He built the Dragon Abyss Palace.
38
四年冬，魏其侯竇嬰有罪，棄巿。
In winter of the fourth year, Marquis Weiqi Dou Ying committed a crime and was executed in the marketplace.
39
春三月乙卯，丞相蚡薨。
On the yimao day of the third month of spring, Chancellor Fen passed away.
40
夏四月，隕霜殺草。 五月，地震。 赦天下。
In the fourth month of summer, frost fell and killed the grass. In the fifth month, there was an earthquake. He granted a general pardon.
41
五年春正月，河間王德薨。
In the first month of spring of the fifth year, King De of Hejian passed away.
42
夏，發巴蜀治南夷道，又發卒萬人治雁門阻險。
In summer, he mobilized Ba and Shu to build roads to the Southern Yi, and also mobilized 10,000 soldiers to fortify the difficult passes at Yanmen.
43
秋七月，大風拔木。
In the seventh month of autumn, a great wind uprooted trees.
44
乙巳，皇后陳氏廢。 捕為巫蠱者，皆梟首。
On the yisi day, Empress Chen was deposed. Those practicing witchcraft and voodoo were arrested and all decapitated with their heads displayed.
45
八月，螟。
In the eighth month, there were rice borers.
46
徵吏民有明當時之務習先聖之術者，縣次續食，令與計偕。
He summoned officials and commoners who understood current affairs and were practiced in the arts of the former sages. Counties provided them with continued stipends in sequence, and ordered them to come with their account books.
47
六年冬，初算商車。
In winter of the sixth year, he first imposed taxes on merchant carriages.
48
春，穿漕渠通渭。
In spring, he dug a transport canal connecting to the Wei River.
49
匈奴入上谷，殺略吏民。 遣車騎將軍衛青出上谷，騎將軍公孫敖出代，輕車將軍公孫賀出雲中，驍騎將軍李廣出雁門。 青至龍城，獲首虜七百級。 廣、敖失師而還。 詔曰：「夷狄無義，所從來久。 間者匈奴數寇邊境，故遣將撫師。 古者治兵振旅，因遭虜之方入，將吏新會，上下未輯，代郡將軍敖、雁門將軍廣所任不肖，校尉又背義妄行，棄軍而北，少吏犯禁。 用兵之法：不勤不教，將率之過也； 教令宣明，不能盡力，士卒之罪也。 將軍已下廷尉，使理正之，而又加法於士卒，二者並行，非仁聖之心。 朕閔眾庶陷害，欲刷恥改行，復奉正議，厥路亡繇。 其赦雁門、代郡軍士不循法者。」
The Xiongnu invaded Shanggu, killing and plundering officials and commoners. He dispatched Chariot Cavalry General Wei Qing from Shanggu, Cavalry General Gongsun Ao from Dai, Light Chariot General Gongsun He from Yunzhong, and Brave Cavalry General Li Guang from Yanmen. Qing reached Dragon City and captured 700 heads and prisoners. Guang and Ao lost their armies and returned. He issued this edict: 'The barbarians lack righteousness. This has been the case for a long time. Recently the Xiongnu have repeatedly invaded the frontiers, so I dispatched generals to pacify the armies. In ancient times, when regulating troops and exercising the army, taking advantage of captives who had just entered, generals and officials newly assembled, superiors and inferiors not yet united—Dai commandery general Ao and Yanmen general Guang appointed unworthy men, and colonels moreover betrayed righteousness and acted recklessly, abandoning the army and fleeing north, while lesser officials violated prohibitions. The method of using troops: if not diligent and not teaching, it is the generals' error; If teachings and orders are clear but they cannot exert themselves, it is the soldiers' crime. The generals have already been sent to the Judicial Minister to be judged and corrected, yet punishments are also added to the soldiers. These two proceeding together is not the heart of a benevolent sage. I pity the multitude of commoners who have fallen into harm. I wish to wash away shame and change conduct, again following correct plans, but there is no path. Pardon the soldiers of Yanmen and Dai commanderies who did not follow the law.'
50
夏，大旱，蝗。
In summer, there was great drought and locusts.
51
六月，行幸雍。
In the sixth month, he made an imperial progress to Yong.
52
秋，匈奴盜邊。 遣將軍韓安國屯漁陽。
In autumn, the Xiongnu raided the frontier. He dispatched General Han Anguo to station troops at Yuyang.
53
元朔元年冬十一月，詔曰：「公卿大夫，所使總方略，壹統類，廣教化，美風俗也。 夫本仁祖義，褒德祿賢，勸善刑暴，五帝三王所繇昌也。 朕夙興夜寐，嘉與宇內之士臻於斯路。 故旅耆老，復孝敬，選豪俊，講文學，稽參政事，祈進民心，深詔執事，興廉舉孝，庶幾成風，紹休聖緒。 夫十室之邑，必有忠信； 三人並行，厥有我師。 今或至闔郡而不薦一人，是化不下究，而積行之君子雍於上聞也。 二千石官長紀綱人倫，將何以佐朕燭幽隱，勸元元，厲蒸庶，崇鄉黨之訓哉？ 且進賢受上賞，蔽賢蒙顯戮，古之道也。 其與中二千石、禮官、博士議不舉者罪。」 有司奏議曰：「古者，諸侯貢士，壹適謂之好德，再適謂之賢賢，三適謂之有功，乃加九錫； 不貢士，壹則黜爵，再則黜地，三而黜爵地畢矣。 夫附下罔上者死，附上罔下者刑，與聞國政而無益於民者斥，在上位而不能進賢者退，此所以勸善黜惡也。 今詔書昭先帝聖緒，令二千石舉孝廉，所以化元元，移風易俗也。 不舉孝，不奉詔，當以不敬論。 不察廉，不勝任也，當免。」 奏可。
In the eleventh month of winter of the first year of Yuanshuo, he issued this edict: 'Dukes, ministers, and grandees are those who unify strategies, unite categories, broaden education, and beautify customs. Indeed, rooting in benevolence and ancestor righteousness, praising virtue and stipending the worthy, encouraging good and punishing violence—these are what made the Five Emperors and Three Kings prosper. I rise early and sleep late at night, rejoicing that scholars throughout the world reach this road. Therefore gather the elders, exempt the filial and respectful, select the outstanding and talented, discuss literature and learning, examine and participate in government affairs, seek to advance the people's hearts, deeply command officials, promote integrity and recommend the filial, perhaps establish this as fashion, and continue the splendid legacy of the sages. Indeed, in a settlement of ten households, there will certainly be the loyal and trustworthy; When three people walk together, among them is my teacher. Now some reach an entire commandery yet do not recommend even one person. This means transformation does not reach the bottom, and gentlemen of accumulated virtue are blocked from being heard above. Two thousand shi officials who lead and regulate human relationships—how can they assist me in illuminating the hidden and obscure, encouraging the primary people, encouraging the steaming masses, and honoring the teachings of villages and communities? Moreover, advancing the worthy receives the highest reward, concealing the worthy suffers clear execution. This is the ancient way. Discuss with the middle two thousand shi, ritual officials, and doctors the crime of those who do not recommend.' The relevant officials memorialized in discussion: 'In ancient times, feudal lords contributed scholars. One time was called loving virtue, two times worthy of the worthy, three times having merit, then the nine bestowments were added; Not contributing scholars: once then demote rank, twice then demote land, three times and rank and land are completely demoted. Indeed, attaching to below and deceiving above means death; attaching to above and deceiving below means punishment; participating in hearing state government yet providing no benefit to the people means rejection; being in upper position yet unable to advance the worthy means retreat. This is what encourages good and expels evil. Now the edict writings illuminate the former emperor's sage legacy, ordering two thousand shi to recommend the filial and incorrupt. This transforms the primary people and shifts winds and changes customs. Not recommending the filial, not obeying the edict, should be judged as disrespect. Not examining the incorrupt means not able to bear responsibility, should be dismissed.' The memorial was approved.
54
十二月，江都王非薨。
In the twelfth month, King Fei of Jiangdu passed away.
55
春三月甲子，立皇后衛氏。 詔曰：「朕聞天地不變，不成施化； 陰陽不變，物不暢茂。 《易》曰『通其變，使民不倦』。 詩云『九變復貫，知言之選』。 朕嘉唐虞而樂殷周，據舊以鑒新。 其赦天下，與民更始。 諸逋貸及辭訟在孝景後三年以前，皆勿聽治。」
On the jiazi day of the third month of spring, he established Empress Wei. He issued this edict: 'I have heard that if heaven and earth do not change, they cannot accomplish the bestowal of transformation; If yin and yang do not change, things will not flourish luxuriantly. The Changes says: 'Penetrate its changes, make the people not weary.' The Poetry says: 'Nine changes return and connect, the selection that knows words.' I praise Tang and Yu but delight in Yin and Zhou, relying on the old to examine the new. Grant a pardon to the realm and give the people a fresh start. All fugitive debts and lawsuits from before the three years after Xiaojing's reign should not be heard or governed.'
56
秋，匈奴入遼西，殺太守； 入漁陽、雁門，敗都尉，殺略三千餘人。 遣將軍衛青出雁門，將軍李息出代，獲首虜數千級。
In autumn, the Xiongnu entered Liaoxi and killed the governor; They entered Yuyang and Yanmen, defeated the commandants, and killed or captured over three thousand people. He dispatched General Wei Qing from Yanmen and General Li Xi from Dai. They captured several thousand heads and prisoners.
57
東夷薉君南閭等口二十八萬人降，為蒼海郡。
The Eastern Yi Wei lord Nan Lu and others, with twenty-eight myriads of people, surrendered. He established Cang Hai commandery.
58
二年冬，賜淮南王、菑川王几杖，毋朝。
In winter of the second year, he granted the King of Huainan and King of Zichuan armrest and cane, excusing them from court attendance.
59
春正月，詔曰：「梁王、城陽王親慈同生，願以邑分弟，其許之。 諸侯王請與子弟邑者，朕將親覽，使有列位焉。」 於是藩國始分，而子弟畢侯矣。
In the first month of spring, he issued this edict: 'The King of Liang and King of Chengyang are intimate and benevolent, born of the same mother. They wish to divide their fief with their younger brother. Permit this. Feudal lord kings who request to give fiefs to their sons and younger brothers—I will personally examine this and ensure they have ranked positions.' Thus the fief kingdoms began to divide, and all the sons and younger brothers became marquises.
60
匈奴入上谷、漁陽，殺略吏民千餘人。 遣將軍衛青、李息出雲中，至高闕，遂西至符離，獲首虜數千級。 數河南地，置朔方、五原郡。
The Xiongnu entered Shanggu and Yuyang, killing and plundering over a thousand officials and commoners. He dispatched Generals Wei Qing and Li Xi from Yunzhong. They reached Gaoque, then went west to Fuli, capturing several thousand heads and prisoners. He surveyed the land south of the Yellow River and established Shuofang and Wuyuan commanderies.
61
三月乙亥晦，日有蝕之。
On the yi hai day, the last day of the third month, there was a solar eclipse.
62
夏，募民徙朔方十萬口。 又徙郡國豪傑及訾三百萬以上于茂陵。
In summer, he recruited people to move to Shuofang—100,000 individuals. He also moved outstanding talents from the commanderies and kingdoms, as well as those with wealth over 300 myriads, to Maoling.
63
秋，燕王定國有罪，自殺。
In autumn, King Dingguo of Yan committed a crime and committed suicide.
64
三年春，罷蒼海郡。 三月，詔曰：「夫刑罰所以防姦也，內長文所以見愛也； 以百姓之未洽于教化，朕嘉與士大夫日新厥業，祗而不解。 其赦天下。」
In spring of the third year, he abolished Cang Hai commandery. In the third month, he issued this edict: 'Indeed, punishments are to prevent evil, and inner growth of culture is to show love; Since the common people are not yet harmonized with educational transformation, I rejoice with the scholar officials to daily renew their enterprise, respectfully without relaxation. Grant a pardon to the realm.'
65
夏，匈奴入代，殺太守； 入雁門，殺略千餘人。
In summer, the Xiongnu entered Dai and killed the governor; They entered Yanmen and killed or captured over a thousand people.
66
六月庚午，皇太后崩。
On the geng wu day of the sixth month, the Empress Dowager passed away.
67
秋，罷西南夷，城朔方城。 令民大酺五日。
In autumn, he abolished the southwest Yi and walled Shuofang city. He ordered the people to hold great community feasts for five days.
68
四年冬，行幸甘泉。
In winter of the fourth year, he made an imperial progress to Ganquan.
69
夏，匈奴入代、定襄、上郡，殺略數千人。
In summer, the Xiongnu entered Dai, Dingxiang, and Shangjun, killing and plundering several thousand people.
70
五年春，大旱。 大將軍衛青將六將軍兵十餘萬人出朔方、高闕，獲首虜萬五千級。
In spring of the fifth year, there was great drought. Grand General Wei Qing led six generals and troops of over 100,000 men from Shuofang and Gaoque, capturing 15,000 heads and prisoners.
71
夏六月，詔曰：「蓋聞導民以禮，風之以樂，今禮壞樂崩，朕甚閔焉。 故詳延天下方聞之士，咸薦諸朝。 其令禮官勸學，講議洽聞，舉遺興禮，以為天下先。 太常其議予博士弟子，崇鄉黨之化，以厲賢材焉。」 丞相弘請為博士置弟子員，學者益廣。
In the sixth month of summer, he issued this edict: 'I have heard that people are guided with ritual and influenced with music. Now ritual is ruined and music collapsed, and I greatly pity this. Therefore I extensively invite scholars from throughout the realm who have heard of the Way, and all recommend them to court. Order the ritual officials to encourage learning, discuss and debate extensively, raise what has been forgotten and revive ritual, to be first in the realm. The Grand Minister of Ceremonies should discuss granting disciples to the Doctors, honor village and community transformation, to encourage worthy talent.' Chancellor Hong requested establishing disciple positions for the Doctors, and scholars increasingly broadened.
72
秋，匈奴入代，殺都尉。
In autumn, the Xiongnu entered Dai and killed the commandants.
73
六年春二月，大將軍衛青將六將軍兵十餘萬騎出定襄，斬首三千餘級。 還，休士馬于定襄、雲中、鴈門。 赦天下。
In the second month of spring of the sixth year, Grand General Wei Qing led six generals and troops of over 100,000 cavalry from Dingxiang, beheading over 3,000. They returned and rested the soldiers and horses at Dingxiang, Yunzhong, and Yanmen. He granted a general pardon.
74
夏四月，衛青復將六將軍絕幕，大克獲。 前將軍趙信軍敗，降匈奴。 右將軍蘇建亡軍，獨身脫還，贖為庶人。
In the fourth month of summer, Wei Qing again led six generals beyond the screen, achieving great victories. Front General Zhao Xin's army was defeated and he surrendered to the Xiongnu. Right General Su Jian lost his army, escaped alone and returned, redeemed himself to become a commoner.
75
六月，詔曰：「朕聞五帝不相復禮，三代不同法，所繇殊路而建德一也。 蓋孔子對定公以徠遠，哀公以論臣，景公以節用，非期不同，所急異務也。 今中國一統而北邊未安，朕甚悼之。 日者大將軍巡朔方，征匈奴，斬首虜萬八千級，諸禁錮及有過者，咸蒙厚賞，得免減罪。 今大將軍仍復克獲，斬首虜萬九千級，受爵賞而欲移賣者，無所流貤。 其議為令。」 有司奏請置武功賞官，以寵戰士。
In the sixth month, he issued this edict: 'I have heard that the five emperors did not repeat rituals, the three dynasties had different laws. What they followed were different roads but established virtue as one. Indeed, Confucius responded to Duke Ding by attracting the distant, to Duke Ai by discussing ministers, to Duke Jing by economizing use. Not that the expectations differed, but what was urgent were different affairs. Now China is unified but the northern border is not peaceful, and I greatly mourn this. Recently the Grand General patrolled Shuofang and attacked the Xiongnu, beheading 18,000 captives. Various imprisoned persons and offenders all received generous rewards, obtaining exemption and crime reduction. Now the Grand General has again achieved victory, beheading 19,000 captives. Those who received rank and rewards but wish to transfer and sell them have nowhere to flow or wander. Discuss and make it an ordinance.' The relevant officials memorialized requesting the establishment of Martial Merit Reward Officials to favor the warriors.
76
元狩元年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。 獲白麟，作白麟之歌。
In the tenth month of winter of the first year of Yuanshou, he made an imperial progress to Yong and sacrificed at the five altars. He obtained a white unicorn and composed the Song of the White Unicorn.
77
十一月，淮南王安、衡山王賜謀反，誅。 黨與死者數萬人。
In the eleventh month, King An of Huainan and King Ci of Hengshan plotted rebellion and were executed. Their accomplices who died numbered several tens of thousands.
78
十二月，大雨雪，民凍死。
In the twelfth month, there was great rain and snow, and people froze to death.
79
夏四月，赦天下。
In the fourth month of summer, he granted a general pardon.
80
丁卯，立皇太子。 賜中二千石爵右庶長，民為父後者一級。 詔曰：「朕聞咎繇對禹，曰在知人，知人則哲，惟帝難之。 蓋君者心也，民猶支體，支體傷則心憯怛。 日者淮南、衡山修文學，流貨賂，兩國接壤，怵於邪說，而造篡弒，此朕之不德。 《詩》云：『憂心慘慘，念國之為虐。』 已赦天下，滌除與之更始。 朕嘉孝弟力田，哀夫老眊孤寡鰥獨或匱於衣食，甚憐愍焉。 其遣謁者巡行天下，存問致賜。 曰『皇帝使謁者賜縣三老、孝者帛，人五匹； 鄉三老、弟者、力田帛，人三匹； 年九十以上及鰥寡孤獨帛，人二匹，絮三斤； 八十以上米，人三石。 有冤失職，使者以聞。 縣鄉即賜，毋贅聚』。」
On the dingmao day, he established the Crown Prince. He granted the rank of You Shuzhang to middle two thousand shi officials, and raised the rank of people who succeeded their fathers by one level. He issued this edict: 'I have heard that when Gao Yao responded to Yu, he said it lies in knowing people; knowing people then one is wise—only the emperor finds this difficult. Indeed, the ruler is the heart, the people are like the limbs and branches. When the limbs and branches are injured, the heart is pained and sorrowful. Recently Huainan and Hengshan cultivated literature and learning, circulated goods and bribes. The two kingdoms bordered each other, were frightened by heretical sayings, and thus made usurpation and assassination. This was my lack of virtue. The Poetry says: 'The worried heart is sorrowful and sorrowful, thinking of the state's becoming cruel.' I have already pardoned the realm, washed away their crimes, and given them a fresh start. I praise the filial, fraternal, and diligent farmers. I pity the aged, blind, orphans, widows, widowers, and those lacking in clothing and food, and am greatly compassionate toward them. Dispatch heralds to patrol throughout the realm, visit and inquire, and deliver grants. Saying: 'The emperor makes heralds grant to county three elders and filial ones silk, five bolts per person; Township three elders, fraternal ones, and diligent farmers silk, three bolts per person; Those ninety years and above and widowers, widows, orphans, and solitaries silk, two bolts per person, floss three jin; Those eighty and above rice, three shi per person. Those with grievances who have lost their positions—the envoys are to report them. County and township are to grant immediately, not accumulate and hoard.'
81
五月乙巳晦，日有蝕之。
On the yi si day, the last day of the fifth month, there was a solar eclipse.
82
匈奴入上谷，殺數百人。
The Xiongnu entered Shanggu and killed several hundred people.
83
二年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。
In the tenth month of winter of the second year, he made an imperial progress to Yong and sacrificed at the five altars.
84
春三月戊寅，丞相弘薨。
On the wu yin day of the third month of spring, Chancellor Hong passed away.
85
遣驃騎將軍霍去病出隴西，至皋蘭，斬首八千餘級。
He dispatched Brave Cavalry General Huo Qubing from Longxi to Gaolan, where he beheaded over 8,000.
86
夏，馬生余吾水中。 南越獻馴象、能言鳥。
In summer, a horse was born in the Yuyu waters. Nanyue offered tame elephants and speaking birds.
87
將軍去病、公孫敖出北地二千餘里，過居延，斬首虜三萬餘級。
Generals Qubing and Gongsun Ao went out from Beidi over 2,000 li, passed Juyan, and beheaded over 30,000 captives.
88
匈奴入鴈門，殺略數百人。 遣衛尉張騫、郎中令李廣皆出右北平。 廣殺匈奴三千餘人，盡亡其軍四千人，獨身脫還，及公孫敖、張騫皆後期，當斬，贖為庶人。
The Xiongnu entered Yanmen and killed or captured several hundred people. He dispatched Guard Commander Zhang Qian and Chamberlain for Attendants Li Guang, both from Youbeiping. Guang killed over 3,000 Xiongnu but completely lost his army of 4,000 men. He escaped alone and returned. Gongsun Ao and Zhang Qian were also late. They should have been beheaded but were redeemed to become commoners.
89
江都王建有罪，自殺。 膠東王寄薨。
King Jian of Jiangdu committed a crime and committed suicide. King Ji of Jiaodong passed away.
90
秋，匈奴昆邪王殺休屠王，并將其眾合四萬餘人來降，置五屬國以處之。 以其地為武威、酒泉郡。
In autumn, the Xiongnu's Kunye King killed Xiutu King and, combining their forces totaling over 40,000 people, came to surrender. He established five dependent states to settle them. He established Wuwei and Jiuquan commanderies from their territory.
91
三年春，有星孛于東方。 夏五月，赦天下。 立膠東康王少子慶為六安王。 封故相國蕭何曾孫慶為列侯。
In spring of the third year, a comet appeared in the east. In the fifth month of summer, he granted a general pardon. He established Qing, the youngest son of King Kang of Jiaodong, as King of Liu'an. He enfeoffed Qing, the great-grandson of the former Chancellor Xiao He, as a marquis.
92
秋，匈奴入右北平、定襄，殺略千餘人。
In autumn, the Xiongnu entered Youbeiping and Dingxiang, killing or capturing over a thousand people.
93
遣謁者勸有水災郡種宿麥。 舉吏民能假貸貧民者以名聞。
He dispatched heralds to exhort commanderies suffering water disasters to plant winter wheat. He recommended officials and commoners who were able to lend to the poor, making their names known.
94
減隴西、北地、上郡戍卒半。
He reduced the garrison soldiers in Longxi, Beidi, and Shangjun by half.
95
發謫吏穿昆明池。
He mobilized banished officials to dig the Kunming Pool.
96
四年冬，有司言關東貧民徙隴西、北地、西河、上郡、會稽凡七十二萬五千口，縣官衣食振業，用度不足，請收銀錫造白金及皮幣以足用。 初算緡錢。
In winter of the fourth year, the relevant officials reported that poor people from Guandong had been moved to Longxi, Beidi, Xibe, Shangjun, and Kuaiji totaling 725,000 people. The county officials clothed and fed them, rescuing their livelihoods, but expenditures were insufficient. They requested collecting silver and tin to make white gold and leather coins to suffice for use. He first imposed taxes on stringed coins.
97
春，有星孛于東北。
In spring, a comet appeared in the northeast.
98
夏，有長星出于西北。
In summer, a long star appeared in the northwest.
99
大將軍衛青將四將軍出定襄，將軍去病出代，各將五萬騎。 步兵踵軍後數十萬人。 青至幕北圍單于，斬首萬九千級，至闐顏山乃還。 去病與左賢王戰，斬獲首虜七萬餘級，封狼居胥山乃還。 兩軍士戰死者數萬人。 前將軍廣、後將軍食其皆後期。 廣自殺，食其贖死。
Grand General Wei Qing led four generals from Dingxiang, and General Qubing from Dai, each commanding 50,000 cavalry. Infantry followed after the army numbering several hundred thousand men. Qing reached north of the screen and surrounded the Chanyu, beheading 19,000. He reached Tianyan Mountain and then returned. Qubing fought with the Left Wise King, beheading and capturing over 70,000 heads and prisoners. He sealed Wolf Dwell Xu Mountain and then returned. Soldiers from both armies who died in battle numbered several tens of thousands. Front General Guang and Rear General Yiqi were both late. Guang committed suicide, Yiqi redeemed himself from death.
100
五年春三月甲午，丞相李蔡有罪，自殺。
On the jiawu day of the third month of spring in the fifth year, Chancellor Li Cai committed a crime and committed suicide.
101
天下馬少，平牡馬匹二十萬。
Horses throughout the realm were few, so he valued gelding horses at 200,000 per pair.
102
罷半兩錢，行五銖錢。
He abolished half-liang coins and put five-zhu coins into circulation.
103
徙天下姦猾吏民於邊。
He moved cunning and crafty officials and commoners throughout the realm to the frontier.
104
六年冬十月，賜丞相以下至吏二千石金，千石以下至乘從者帛，蠻夷錦各有差。
In the tenth month of winter of the sixth year, he granted gold to chancellors and below down to two thousand shi officials, silk to thousand shi and below down to chariot followers, and barbarian Yi brocade each according to their rank.
105
雨水亡冰。
Rain fell and there was no ice.
106
夏四月乙巳，廟立皇子閎為齊王，旦為燕王，胥為廣陵王。 初作誥。
On the yisi day of the fourth month of summer, in the temple he established Crown Prince Hong as King of Qi, Dan as King of Yan, and Xu as King of Guangling. He first made imperial announcements.
107
六月，詔曰：「日者有司以幣輕多姦，農傷而末眾，又禁以并之塗，故改幣以約之。 稽諸往古，制宜於今。 廢期有月，而山澤之民未諭。 夫仁行而從善，義立則俗易，意奉憲者所以導之未明與？ 將百姓所安殊路，而撟虔吏因乘勢以侵蒸庶邪？ 何紛然其擾也！ 今遣博士大等六人分循行天下，存問鰥寡廢疾，無以自振業者貸與之。 諭三老孝弟以為民師，舉獨行之君子，徵詣行在所。 朕嘉賢者，樂知其人。 廣宣厥道，士有特招，使者之任也。 詳問隱處亡位，及冤失職，姦猾為害，野荒治苛者，舉奏。 郡國有所以為便者，上丞相、御史以聞。」
In the sixth month, he issued this edict: 'Recently officials noted that light currency caused much evil, farming was harmed yet commercial occupations were numerous, and the roads to annexation were also prohibited, so they changed the currency to restrict it. Examining the various ancient pasts, the system is suitable for the present. The abolition has been in effect for months, yet the people of mountains and marshes do not understand. Indeed, when benevolence is practiced then they follow good, when righteousness is established then customs change. Perhaps those who obey the laws are to guide those not yet enlightened? Will the common people find peace through different roads, while cunning officials take advantage of their power to invade the steaming masses? What utter chaos and confusion! Now I dispatch Doctor Da and five others to separately travel throughout the realm, visit and inquire after widowers, widows, the disabled and ill, and lend to those who have no means to support their own occupations. Instruct the three elders who are filial and fraternal to serve as teachers for the people, recommend gentlemen of solitary conduct, and summon them to where I am traveling. I praise the worthy and delight in knowing such people. Broadly proclaim their way; scholars who have special summons—that is the envoys' duty. Detailed inquiry into those in hidden places without position, and those wronged who lost their offices, cunning and crafty who do harm, and those whose fields are waste and governance harsh—recommend and memorialize them. Commanderies and kingdoms that have what is convenient—submit to the Chancellor and Censor to report.'
108
秋九月，大司馬驃騎將軍去病薨。
In the ninth month of autumn, Grand Commandant Brave Cavalry General Qubing passed away.
109
元鼎元年夏五月，赦天下，大酺五日。
In the fifth month of summer of the first year of Yuanding, he granted a general pardon and ordered great community feasts for five days.
110
得鼎汾水上。
He obtained a tripod above the Fen River.
111
濟東王彭離有罪，廢徙上庸。
King Pengli of Jidong committed a crime and was deposed and moved to Shangyong.
112
二年冬十一月，御史大夫張湯有罪，自殺。 十二月，丞相青翟下獄死。
In the eleventh month of winter of the second year, Imperial Secretary Zhang Tang committed a crime and committed suicide. In the twelfth month, Chancellor Qing Di was imprisoned and died.
113
春，起柏梁臺。
In spring, he built the Cypress Beam Tower.
114
三月，大雨雪。 夏，大水，關東餓死者以千數。
In the third month, there was great rain and snow. Summer brought massive flooding, with thousands starving to death in the eastern provinces.
115
秋九月，詔曰：「仁不異遠，義不辭難。 今京師雖未為豐年，山林池澤之饒與民共之。 今水潦移於江南，迫隆冬至，朕懼其飢寒不活。 江南之地，火耕水耨，方下巴蜀之粟致之江陵，遣博士中等分循行，諭告所抵，無令重困。 吏民有振救飢民免其厄者，具舉以聞。」
In the ninth month of autumn, the emperor proclaimed: 'Benevolence makes no distinction between far and near, righteousness shrinks not from hardship. Although the capital has not yet seen a good harvest, We share the bounty of mountains, forests, ponds, and marshes with the people. Now the floods have shifted to the region south of the Yangzi, and with harsh winter approaching, We fear the people will perish from hunger and cold. The region south of the Yangzi employs fire farming and water cultivation methods. We are shipping grain from Ba and Shu to Jiangling, and have sent scholars and officials to travel throughout the area and proclaim to all destinations that they should not suffer additional burdens. Officials and commoners who provide relief to the hungry and rescue them from disaster shall be reported to Us in full.'
116
三年冬，徙函谷關於新安。 以故關為弘農縣。
In the winter of the third year, Hangu Pass was relocated to Xin'an. The former pass became Hongnong county.
117
十一月，令民告緡者以其半與之。
In the eleventh month, informants who report illegal merchant activities were to receive half the confiscated property.
118
正月戊子，陽陵園火。 夏四月，雨雹，關東郡國十餘飢，人相食。
On the wuzi day of the first month, Yangling Park burned. In the fourth month of summer, hail fell, and famine struck more than ten commanderies and principalities east of the passes, with people resorting to cannibalism.
119
常山王舜薨。 子绗嗣立，有罪，廢徙房陵。
King Shun of Changshan passed away. His son Heng succeeded him, but was deposed and exiled to Fangling for crimes.
120
四年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。 賜民爵一級，女子百戶牛酒。 行自夏陽，東幸汾陰。 十一月甲子，立后土祠于汾陰脽上。 禮畢，行幸滎陽。 還至洛陽，詔曰：「祭地冀州，瞻望河洛，巡省豫州，觀于周室，邈而無祀。 詢問耆老，乃得孽子嘉。 其封嘉為周子南君，以奉周祀。」
In the tenth month of winter in the fourth year, the emperor traveled to Yong and performed sacrifices at the Five Altars. The people were granted one rank of nobility, and every hundred households of women received an ox and wine. Departing from Xiayang, he traveled east to Fenying. On the jiazi day of the eleventh month, a shrine to Houtu was established on the mound at Fenying. Once the ceremonies were finished, he traveled to Xingyang. Upon returning to Luoyang, he proclaimed: 'In sacrificing to earth in Jizhou and gazing upon the Yellow and Luo rivers, inspecting Yuzhou and viewing the Zhou ancestral temple - it stands distant without proper sacrifices. Consulting with the elders, he found Jia, an illegitimate descendant. Let Jia be enfeoffed as Lord Nan of Zhou to maintain the Zhou rituals.'
121
春二月，中山王勝薨。
In the second month of spring, King Sheng of Zhongshan passed away.
122
夏，封方士欒大為樂通侯，位上將軍。
In summer, the alchemist Luan Da was enfeoffed as Marquis of Letong, with the rank of General of the Upper Army.
123
六月，得寶鼎后土祠旁。 秋，馬生渥洼水中。 作寶鼎、天馬之歌。
In the sixth month, a precious tripod was discovered beside the Houtu shrine. In autumn, a horse was born in the waters of Wowo. Songs were composed celebrating the precious tripod and heavenly horse.
124
立常山憲王子商為泗水王。
Shang, son of King Xian of Changshan, was established as King of Sishui.
125
五年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。 遂踰隴，登空同，西臨祖厲河而還。
In the tenth month of winter in the fifth year, he traveled to Yong and performed sacrifices at the Five Altars. Then he crossed the Long mountains, climbed Kongtong, gazed west at the Zuli River, and returned.
126
十一月辛巳朔旦，冬至。 立泰畤于甘泉。 天子親郊見，朝日夕月。 詔曰：「朕以眇身託于王侯之上，德未能綏民，民或飢寒，故巡祭后土以祈豐年。 冀州脽壤乃顯文鼎，獲
On the xinsi day of the eleventh month, the first day of the month, winter solstice arrived. The Supreme Altar was established at Ganquan. The emperor personally performed the suburban sacrifices, facing the sun at dawn and the moon at dusk. He proclaimed: 'Though entrusted above lords and marquises with my unworthy person, I have not yet pacified the people with virtue. The people sometimes suffer hunger and cold, so I travel and sacrifice to Houtu to pray for bountiful harvests. The mound earth of Jizhou then revealed the patterned tripod, obtained
127
祭於廟。 渥洼水出馬，朕其御焉。 戰戰兢兢，懼不克任，思昭天地，內惟自新。 《詩》云：『四牡翼翼，以征不服。』 親省邊垂，用事所極。 望見泰一，修天文浈。 辛卯夜，若景光十有二明。 《易》曰：『先甲三日，後甲三日。』 朕甚念年歲未咸登，飭躬齋戒，丁酉，拜況于郊。」
sacrifice in the ancestral temple. A horse appeared from the Wowo waters, and I shall mount it. Filled with trepidation, fearing I cannot fulfill my duties, I seek to understand heaven and earth, contemplating inner renewal. As the Poetry states: 'Four stallions, vigorous and mighty, campaign against the unsubmissive.' Personally overseeing the border regions, pursuing matters to their fullest extent. Beholding Taiyi, studying the celestial patterns. On the xinmao night, a halo appeared with twelve radiant points. The Book of Changes states: 'Three days before the jia day, three days after.' I deeply reflect that not all years have been prosperous, I discipline myself and fast, on the dingyou day, I prostrate and sacrifice in the suburbs.'
128
夏四月，南越王相呂嘉反，殺漢使者及其王、王太后。 赦天下。
In the fourth month of summer, Lü Jia, chancellor of the King of Nanyue, rebelled, killing the Han envoys along with the king and queen mother. A general amnesty was declared throughout the empire.
129
丁丑晦，日有蝕之。
On the dingchou day, the last day of the month, a solar eclipse occurred.
130
秋，杀、蝦蟆鬥。
In autumn, the pheasant and toad battled.
131
遣伏波將軍路博德出桂陽，下湟水； 樓船將軍楊僕出豫章，下湞水； 歸義越侯嚴為戈船將軍，出零陵，下離水； 甲為下瀨將軍，下蒼梧。 皆將罪人，江淮以南樓船十萬人。 越馳義侯遺別將巴蜀罪人，發夜郎兵，下牂柯江，咸會番禺。
General of Hidden Waves Lu Bode was sent from Guiyang, descending the Xiang River; General of Tower Ships Yang Pu departed from Yuzhang, descending the Qian River; Yan, Marquis of Guiyi Yue, was appointed General of Spear Ships, departing from Lingling and descending the Li River; Jia was appointed General of Rapids Descent, heading down to Cangwu. All led convicted criminals, one hundred thousand tower ship troops south of the Jiang and Huai rivers. Yi, Marquis of Yue Chiyi, dispatched separate commanders with convicts from Ba and Shu, raised troops from Yelang, descended the Zangke River, and all converged at Panyu.
132
九月，列侯坐獻黃金酎祭宗廟不如法奪爵者百六人，丞相趙周下獄死。 樂通侯欒大坐誣罔要斬。
In the ninth month, 106 marquises who improperly offered gold-filtered wine in ancestral temple sacrifices had their titles revoked; Chancellor Zhao Zhou was imprisoned and died. Marquis of Letong Luan Da was convicted of deception and sentenced to beheading.
133
西羌眾十萬人反，與匈奴通使，攻故安，圍枹罕。 匈奴入五原，殺太守。
A horde of 100,000 Western Qiang rebelled, established communications with the Xiongnu, attacked Gu'an, and besieged Fuqian. The Xiongnu invaded Wuyuan and killed the governor.
134
六年冬十月，發隴西、天水、安定騎士及中尉，河南、河內卒十萬人，遣將軍李息、郎中令一自為征西羌，平之。
In the tenth month of winter in the sixth year, cavalry from Longxi, Tianshui, and Anding along with the Capital Commandant were mobilized, plus 100,000 troops from Henan and Henei; Generals Li Xi and Yi were dispatched to campaign against the Western Qiang and pacified them.
135
行東，將幸緱氏，至左邑桐鄉，聞南越破，以為聞喜縣。 春，至汲新中鄉，得呂嘉首，以為獲嘉縣。 馳義侯遺兵未及下，上便令征西南夷，平之。 遂定越地，以為南海、蒼梧、鬱林、合浦、交阯、九真、日南、珠崖、儋耳郡。 定西南夷，以為武都、牂柯、越嶲、沈黎、文山郡。
Traveling east toward Gouzhi, upon reaching Tongxiang in Zuoyi and hearing that Nanyue was defeated, it was renamed Wenxi county. In spring, arriving at Xinzhongxiang in Ji, Lü Jia's head was obtained and the place renamed Huojia county. Marquis Chiyi Yi's remaining forces had not yet departed when the emperor ordered a campaign against the Southwestern Yi and pacified them. The Yue territories were then pacified and organized into the commanderies of Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, Rinan, Zhulai, and Dan'er. The Southwestern Yi were pacified and organized into the commanderies of Wudu, Zangke, Yuesui, Shenli, and Wenshan.
136
秋，東越王餘善反，攻殺漢將吏。 遣橫海將軍韓說、中尉王溫舒出會稽，樓船將軍楊僕出豫章，擊之。 又遣浮沮將軍公孫賀出九原，匈河將軍趙破奴出令居，皆二千餘里，不見虜而還。 乃分武威、酒泉地置張掖、敦煌郡，徙民以實之。
In autumn, King Yushan of Dongyue rebelled, attacking and killing Han generals and officials. General of Sea Crossing Han Yue and Commandant Wang Wenshu were dispatched from Kuaiji, General of Tower Ships Yang Pu from Yuzhang, to attack them. General of Floating Ju Gongsun He was sent from Jiuyuan, General of Xiongnu River Zhao Ponu from Lingju, both traveling over 2,000 li without encountering the enemy before returning. Wuwei and Jiuquan territories were divided to establish the commanderies of Zhangye and Dunhuang, with people relocated to settle them.
137
元封元年冬十月，詔曰：「南越、東甌咸伏其辜，西蠻北夷頗未輯睦，朕將巡邊垂，擇兵振旅，躬秉武節，置十二部將軍，親帥師焉。」 行自雲陽，北歷上郡、西河、五原，出長城，北登單于臺，至朔方，臨北河。 勒兵十八萬騎，旌旗徑千餘里，威震匈奴。 遣使者告單于曰：「南越王頭已縣於漢北闕矣。 單于能戰，天子自將待邊； 不能，亟來臣服。 何但亡匿幕北寒苦之地為！」 匈奴讋焉。 還，祠黃帝於橋山，乃歸甘泉。
In the tenth month of winter in the first year of Yuanyuan, he proclaimed: 'Nanyue and Dong'ou have submitted to their punishments, but Western barbarians and Northern Yi remain unsettled. I will inspect the border regions, muster troops and review the army, personally wield the military authority, appoint twelve division generals, and lead the forces myself.' Departing from Yunyang, he traveled north through Shangdian, Xibe, and Wuyuan, passed beyond the Great Wall, ascended the Chanyu Terrace to the north, reached Shuofang, and overlooked the Northern River. One hundred eighty thousand cavalry were mustered, with banners stretching over a thousand li, striking terror into the Xiongnu. Envoys were sent to inform the Chanyu: 'The head of the King of Nanyue already hangs on Han's northern gate.' If the Chanyu dares to fight, the emperor will personally command and await him at the border; if not, come quickly and submit as subjects. Why persist in fleeing and hiding in the harsh, frigid lands north of the desert!' The Xiongnu were intimidated. On the return journey, he sacrificed to the Yellow Emperor at Qiaoshan, then proceeded back to Ganquan.
138
東越殺王餘善降。 詔曰：「東越險阻反覆，為後世患，遷其民於江淮間。」 遂虛其地。
Dongyue executed King Yushan and submitted. He proclaimed: 'Dongyue is treacherous and prone to rebellion, posing a threat to future generations. Their people shall be relocated between the Jiang and Huai rivers.' Their territories were thus depopulated.
139
春正月，行幸緱氏。 詔曰：「朕用事華山，至於中嶽，獲駮麃，見夏后啟母石。 翌日親登嵩高，御史乘屬，在廟旁吏卒咸聞呼萬歲者三。 登禮罔不答。 其令祠官加增太室祠，禁無伐其草木。 以山下戶三百為之奉邑，名曰崇高，獨給祠，復亡所與。」 行，遂東巡海上。
In the first month of spring, he traveled to Gouzhi. He proclaimed: 'I performed rituals at Huashan and reached Zhongyue, obtaining a piebald deer and viewing the stone of Xia Hou Qi's mother. The following day he personally climbed Songgao; the censor's carriage attendant and officials and soldiers beside the temple all heard three shouts of 'ten thousand years.' The ascent and ceremonies received divine response. The sacrificial officials shall enhance the Tashi shrine and prohibit the cutting of its vegetation. Three hundred households below the mountain shall support it as an estate named Chonggao, dedicated solely to the shrine and exempt from all obligations.' Continuing his journey, he then toured the eastern seacoast.
140
夏四月癸卯，上還，登封泰山，降坐明堂。 詔曰：「朕以眇身承至尊，兢兢焉惟德菲薄，不明于禮樂，故用事八神。 遭天地況施，著見景象，饩然如有聞。 震于怪物，欲止不敢，遂登封泰山，至於梁父，然後升襢肅然。 自新，嘉與士大夫更始，其以十月為元封元年。 行所巡至，博、奉高、蛇丘，歷城、梁父，民田租逋賦貸，已除。 加年七十以上孤寡帛，人二匹。 四縣無出今年算。 賜天下民爵一級，女子百戶牛酒。」
On the guimao day of the fourth month of summer, the emperor returned, performed the Feng sacrifice atop Mount Tai, then descended to sit in the Hall of Light. He proclaimed: 'Though my unworthy person has received the supreme honor, I tremble at my meager virtue and lack of understanding in ritual and music, thus I conducted ceremonies with the eight spirits. I encountered heaven and earth's generous blessings, clearly witnessed apparitions, abundantly as if hearing divine voices. Shaken by monstrous apparitions, I wanted to stop but dared not, thus I ascended Mount Tai to perform the Feng sacrifice, reaching Liangfu, then solemnly ascended the terrace. Renewing myself, I joyfully begin anew with officials and gentlemen. Let the tenth month be designated the first year of Yuanyuan.' In all the places visited - Bo, Fenggao, Sheqiu, Licheng, Liangfu - field rents, arrears, and loans owed by the people were remitted. Orphans and widows aged seventy and above were granted two bolts of silk each. Four counties were exempted from this year's poll tax. All subjects throughout the realm were granted one rank of nobility, and every hundred households of women received an ox and wine.'
141
行自泰山，復東巡海上，至碣石。 自遼西歷北邊九原，歸于甘泉。
Departing from Mount Tai, he again toured the eastern seacoast, reaching Jieshi. Traveling from Liaoxi along the northern border to Jiuyuan, he returned to Ganquan.
142
秋，有星孛于東井，又孛于三台。
In autumn, a comet appeared in Dongjing, and another in Santai.
143
二年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。 春，幸緱氏，遂至東萊。 夏四月，還祠泰山。 至瓠子，臨決河，命從臣將軍以下皆負薪塞河隄，作瓠子之歌。 赦所過徒，賜孤獨高年米，人四石。 還，作甘泉通天臺、長安飛廉館。
In the tenth month of winter in the second year, he traveled to Yong and performed sacrifices at the Five Altars. In spring, he visited Gouzhi, then proceeded to Donglai. In the fourth month of summer, he returned and performed sacrifices at Mount Tai. Upon reaching Huguzi and facing the breached river, he ordered all attending ministers and generals to carry firewood and block the river dikes, then composed the Huguzi song. Convicts in the areas visited were amnestied, and orphans, widows, and elderly were granted four shi of rice each. Upon returning, he constructed the Tongtian Terrace at Ganquan and the Feilian Pavilion in Chang'an.
144
朝鮮王攻殺遼東都尉，乃募天下死罪擊朝鮮。
The King of Joseon attacked and killed the Liaodong Commandant, so death-row criminals from throughout the empire were recruited to attack Joseon.
145
六月，詔曰：「甘泉宮內中產芝，九莖連葉。 上帝博臨，不異下房，賜朕弘休。 其赦天下，賜雲陽都百戶牛酒。」 作芝房之歌。
In the sixth month, he proclaimed: 'Within the inner court of Ganquan Palace, lingzhi mushrooms grew with nine stalks and connected leaves. The Supreme Thearch graciously descended, treating it no differently from the imperial chambers, granting me abundant blessings. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the empire, and grant every hundred households in Yunyang district an ox and wine.' A song celebrating the lingzhi chamber was composed.
146
秋，作明堂于泰山下。
In autumn, the Hall of Light was constructed below Mount Tai.
147
遣樓船將軍楊僕、左將軍荀彘將應募罪人擊朝鮮。 又遣將軍郭昌、中郎將衛廣發巴蜀兵平西南夷未服者，以為益州郡。
General of Tower Ships Yang Pu and General of the Left Xun Xi were dispatched to lead recruited convicts against Joseon. General Guo Chang and Colonel Wei Guang were also dispatched to raise troops from Ba and Shu to pacify the remaining unsubmissive Southwestern Yi, organizing them into Yizhou commandery.
148
三年春，作角抵戲，三百里內皆來觀。
In spring of the third year, wrestling matches were held, drawing spectators from within a three hundred li radius.
149
夏，朝鮮斬其王右渠降，以其地為樂浪、臨屯、玄菟、真番郡。
In summer, Joseon executed their king Youqu and submitted. Their territories were organized into the commanderies of Lelang, Lintun, Xuanyu, and Zhenfan.
150
樓船將軍楊僕坐失亡多免為庶民，左將軍荀彘坐爭功棄市。
General of Tower Ships Yang Pu was convicted of excessive losses and desertions, demoted to commoner; General of the Left Xun Xi was convicted of disputing credit and executed in the marketplace.
151
秋七月，膠西王端薨。
In the seventh month of autumn, King Duan of Jiaoxi passed away.
152
武都氐人反，分徙酒泉郡。
The Di people of Wudu rebelled and were divided up and relocated to Jiuquan commandery.
153
四年冬十月，行幸雍，祠五畤。 通回中道，遂北出蕭關，歷獨鹿、鳴澤，自代而還，幸河東。 春三月，祠后土。 詔曰：「朕躬祭后土地祇，見光集于靈壇，一夜三燭。 幸中都宮，殿上見光。 其赦汾陰、夏陽、中都死罪以下，賜三縣及楊氏皆無出今年租賦。」
In the tenth month of winter in the fourth year, he traveled to Yong and performed sacrifices at the Five Altars. The Huizhong road was opened, then he went north through Xiaoguan pass, passed through Dulu and Mingze, returned from Dai, and visited Hedong. In the third month of spring, he performed sacrifices to Houtu. He proclaimed: 'I personally performed sacrifices to the Houtu earth spirits and witnessed light gathering at the spirit altar, illuminating three times in one night. When visiting Zhongdu Palace, light appeared on the hall. Let there be amnesty for those sentenced to death or less in Fenying, Xiayang, and Zhongdu. Grant the three counties and the Yang clan exemption from this year's rents and taxes.'
154
夏，大旱，民多暍死。
A severe drought struck in summer, with many people dying from heat exhaustion.
155
秋，以匈奴弱，可遂臣服，乃遣使說之。 單于使來，死京師。 匈奴寇邊，遣拔胡將軍郭昌屯朔方。
In autumn, seeing that the Xiongnu were weakened and could be brought to submission, envoys were sent to persuade them. The Chanyu's envoy arrived but died in the capital. The Xiongnu raided the border, so General Guo Chang was dispatched to station troops at Shuofang.
156
五年冬，行南巡狩，至于盛唐，望祀虞舜于九嶷。 登灊天柱山，自尋陽浮江，親射蛟江中，獲之。 舳艫千里，薄樅陽而出，作盛唐樅陽之歌。 遂北至琅邪，並海，所過禮祠其名山大川。 春三月，還至泰山，增封。 甲子，祠高祖于明堂，以配上帝，因朝諸侯王列侯，受郡國計。 夏四月，詔曰：「朕巡荊揚，輯江淮物，會大海氣，以合泰山。 上天見象，增修封禪。 其赦天下。 所幸縣毋出今年租賦，賜鰥寡孤獨帛，貧窮者粟。」 還幸甘泉，郊泰畤。
In winter of the fifth year, he conducted a southern inspection tour, reaching Sheng Tang where he gazed upon and sacrificed to Yu Shun at Jiuyi. He ascended Mount Tianzhu, then from Xunyang took to the river by boat and personally shot a jiao in the water, capturing it. A fleet of warships extended a thousand li as they approached Congyang and emerged. A song was composed celebrating Sheng Tang and Congyang. He then traveled north to Langye along the coast, performing ceremonies and sacrifices at famous mountains and great rivers along the way. In the third month of spring, he returned to Mount Tai and enhanced the Feng sacrifice. On the jiazi day, he sacrificed to Gaozu in the Hall of Light to pair with the Supreme Thearch, then received the feudal lords and marquises and accepted the accounts from the commanderies and principalities. In the fourth month of summer, he proclaimed: 'I toured the Jing and Yang regions, gathered the products of Jiang and Huai, assembled the vapors of the great sea, to unite with Mount Tai. Heaven displayed omens above, so the Feng and Chan sacrifices were enhanced and refined. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the empire. The counties visited shall be exempt from this year's rents and taxes. Grant silk to widowers, widows, orphans, and the solitary, and grain to the poor.' He returned to Ganquan and performed the suburban sacrifice to the Supreme Altar.
157
大司馬大將軍青薨。
Grand Marshal and Grand General Qing passed away.
158
初置刺史部十三州。 名臣文武欲盡，詔曰：「蓋有非常之功，必待非常之人，故馬或奔踶而致千里，士或有負俗之累而立功名。 夫泛駕之馬，跅弛之士，亦在御之而已。 其令州郡察吏民有茂材異等可為將相及使絕國者。」
The system of thirteen provincial inspectorates was first established. Our famous ministers, both civil and military, are nearly exhausted. He proclaimed: 'Extraordinary achievements require extraordinary people. Just as a bolting horse may still travel a thousand li, and a scholar burdened by unconventional ways may still achieve fame and merit. Even runaway horses and unruly scholars can be managed with proper guidance. Let the provinces and commanderies seek out officials and commoners of outstanding talent and exceptional ability who can serve as generals, chancellors, or envoys to distant lands.'
159
六年冬，行幸回中。 春，作首山宮。
In the winter of the sixth year, he traveled to Huizhong. In spring, the Shoushan Palace was constructed.
160
三月，行幸河東，祠后土。 詔曰：「朕禮首山，昆田出珍物，化或為黃金。 祭后土，神光三燭。 其赦汾陰殊死以下，賜天下貧民布帛，人一匹。」
In the third month, he traveled to Hedong and performed sacrifices to Houtu. He proclaimed: 'I performed ceremonies at Shoushan where Kuntian produced precious objects, some transforming into gold. In sacrificing to Houtu, divine light illuminated three times. Let there be amnesty for those sentenced to death or less in Fenying. Grant one bolt of cloth and silk each to the poor throughout the empire.'
161
益州、昆明反，赦京師亡命令從軍，遣拔胡將軍郭昌將以擊之。
Yizhou and Kunming rebelled. Fugitives in the capital were amnestied and ordered to join the army. General Guo Chang was dispatched to lead the campaign against them.
162
夏，京師民觀角抵于上林平樂館。
In summer, the people of the capital watched wrestling matches at the Pingleguan in Shanglin Park.
163
秋，大旱，蝗。
A severe drought and locust plague struck in autumn.
164
太初元年冬十月，行幸泰山。
In the tenth month of winter in the first year of Taiyuan, he traveled to Mount Tai.
165
十一月甲子朔旦，冬至，祀上帝于明堂。
On the jiazi day of the eleventh month, the first day of the month and winter solstice, he sacrificed to the Supreme Thearch in the Hall of Light.
166
乙酉，柏梁臺災。
On the yiyou day, the Boliang Terrace suffered a disaster.
167
十二月，禪高里，祠后土。 東臨勃海，望祠蓬萊。 春還，受計于甘泉。
In the twelfth month, he performed the Chan sacrifice at Gaoli and sacrificed to Houtu. Facing east toward the Bohai Sea, he gazed upon and sacrificed toward Penglai. In spring he returned and received the provincial accounts at Ganquan.
168
二月，起建章宮。
In the second month, construction began on the Jianzhang Palace.
169
夏五月，正曆，以正月為歲首。 色上黃，數用五，定官名，協音律。
In the fifth month of summer, the calendar was reformed, establishing the first month as the start of the year. Yellow was established as the primary color, five as the fundamental number, official titles were standardized, and musical tones were harmonized.
170
遣因杅將軍公孫敖築塞外受降城。
General Gongsun Ao was dispatched to construct the Surrender-Receiving City beyond the frontier wall.
171
秋八月，行幸安定。 遣貳師將軍李廣利發天下謫民西征大宛。
In the eighth month of autumn, he traveled to Anding. General Li Guangli was dispatched to mobilize convicts from throughout the empire for a western campaign against Dayuan.
172
蝗從東方飛至敦煌。
Locusts swarmed from the east all the way to Dunhuang.
173
二年春正月戊申，丞相慶薨。
On the wushen day of the first month of spring in the second year, Chancellor Qing passed away.
174
三月，行幸河東，祠后土。 令天下大酺五日，膢五日，祠門戶，比臘。
In the third month, he traveled to Hedong and performed sacrifices to Houtu. He ordered great feasts throughout the empire for five days, sacrifices for five days, ceremonies for gates and doors, similar to the La festival.
175
夏四月，詔曰：「朕用事介山，祭后土，皆有光應。 其赦汾陰、安邑殊死以下。」
In the fourth month of summer, he proclaimed: 'I performed ceremonies at Jieshan and sacrificed to Houtu, and all received responses of light. Let there be amnesty for those sentenced to death or less in Fenying and Anyi.'
176
五月，籍吏民馬，補車騎馬。
In the fifth month, horses belonging to officials and commoners were registered and assigned to supplement the chariot and cavalry mounts.
177
秋，蝗。 遣浚稽將軍趙破奴二萬騎出朔方擊匈奴，不還。
Locusts plagued the autumn harvest. General Zhao Ponu was dispatched with 20,000 cavalry from Shuofang to attack the Xiongnu, but they never returned.
178
冬十二月，御史大夫兒寬卒。
In the twelfth month of winter, Grandee Secretary Er Kuan passed away.
179
三年春正月，行東巡海上。 夏四月，還，修封泰山，禪石閭。
In the first month of spring in the third year, he conducted an eastern tour along the seacoast. In the fourth month of summer, he returned and performed the Feng sacrifice at Mount Tai and the Chan sacrifice at Shique.
180
遣光祿勳徐自為築五原塞外列城，西北至盧朐，游擊將軍韓說將兵屯之。 強弩都尉路博德築居延。
Chamberlain Xu Ziwei was dispatched to construct a line of cities beyond the Wuyuan frontier, extending northwest to Luqu, with General Han Yue leading troops to garrison them. Commander Lu Bode constructed fortifications at Juyan.
181
秋，匈奴入定襄、雲中，殺略數千人，行壞光祿諸亭障； 又入張掖、酒泉，殺都尉。
In autumn, the Xiongnu invaded Dingxiang and Yunzhong, killing and abducting several thousand people while destroying the various beacon towers and defensive barriers; they also invaded Zhangye and Jiuquan, killing the commandants.
182
四年春，貳師將軍廣利斬大宛王首，獲汗血馬來。 作西極天馬之歌。
In spring of the fourth year, General Guangli beheaded the king of Dayuan and returned with the famed blood-sweating horses. A song was composed celebrating the heavenly horses from the western extremity.
183
秋，起明光宮。
In autumn, construction began on the Mingguang Palace.
184
冬，行幸回中。
In winter, he traveled to Huizhong.
185
徙弘農都尉治武關，稅出入者以給關吏卒食。
The Hongnong Commandant was relocated to administer Wuguan Pass, with taxes on travelers providing food for the garrison officials and soldiers.
186
天漢元年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤。 三月，行幸河東，祠后土。
In the first month of spring in the first year of Tianhan, he traveled to Ganquan and performed the suburban sacrifice to the Supreme Altar. In the third month, he traveled to Hedong and performed sacrifices to Houtu.
187
匈奴歸漢使者，使使來獻。
The Xiongnu returned the Han envoys and sent their own envoys to offer tribute.
188
夏五月，赦天下。
In the fifth month of summer, a general amnesty was declared throughout the empire.
189
秋，閉城門大搜。 發謫戍屯五原。
In autumn, the city gates were closed for a comprehensive search. Convicts were mobilized and stationed as garrison troops at Wuyuan.
190
二年春，行幸東海。 還幸回中。
In spring of the second year, he traveled to Donghai. He returned to Huizhong.
191
夏五月，貳師將軍三萬騎出酒泉，與右賢王戰于天山，斬首虜萬餘級。 又遣因杅將軍出西河，騎都尉李陵將步兵五千人出居延北，與單于戰，斬首虜萬餘級。 陵兵敗，降匈奴。
In the fifth month of summer, General of the Second Division led 30,000 cavalry from Jiuquan and fought the Right Wise King at Tianshan, killing and capturing over 10,000. General Yin Huan was also dispatched from Xibe, and Cavalry Commandant Li Ling led 5,000 infantry from north of Juyan to fight the Chanyu, killing and capturing over 10,000. Ling's forces suffered defeat and surrendered to the Xiongnu.
192
秋，止禁巫祠道中者。 大搜。
In autumn, shamanistic sacrifices along the roads were banned. A comprehensive search was conducted.
193
渠黎六國使使來獻。
Envoys from the six Quli states came to offer tribute.
194
泰山、琅邪群盜徐绗等阻山攻城，道路不通。 遣直指使者暴勝之等衣繡衣杖斧分部逐捕。 刺史郡守以下皆伏誅。
Bandits led by Xu Heng in Taishan and Langye blocked the mountain passes and attacked cities, making roads impassable. Imperial investigators led by Bao Shengzhi, dressed in embroidered robes and carrying axes, were dispatched to pursue and capture bandits in separate jurisdictions. All inspectors and commandery governors and below were executed.
195
冬十一月，詔關都尉曰：「今豪傑多遠交，依東方群盜。 其謹察出入者。」
In the eleventh month of winter, he proclaimed to the pass commandants: 'Many bold and capable men now form distant alliances, relying on the eastern bandit groups. Carefully scrutinize all who enter and leave.'
196
三年春二月，御史大夫王卿有罪，自殺。
In the second month of spring in the third year, Grandee Secretary Wang Qing, convicted of crimes, committed suicide.
197
初榷酒酤。
The government liquor monopoly was first established.
198
三月，行幸泰山，修封，祀明堂，因受計。 還幸北地，祠常山，瘞玄玉。 夏四月，赦天下。 行所過毋出田租。
In the third month, he traveled to Mount Tai, performed the Feng sacrifice, sacrificed in the Hall of Light, and received provincial accounts. He returned to Beidi, performed sacrifices to Changshan, and buried dark jade. In the fourth month of summer, a general amnesty was declared throughout the empire. Field rents were exempted in all the places visited by the imperial procession.
199
秋，匈奴入鴈門，太守坐畏飨棄市。
In autumn, the Xiongnu invaded Yanmen. The governor was convicted of cowardice during a banquet and executed in the marketplace.
200
四年春正月，朝諸侯王于甘泉宮。 發天下七科謫及勇敢士，遣貳師將軍李廣利將六萬騎、步兵七萬人出朔方，因杅將軍公孫敖萬騎、步兵三萬人出鴈門，游擊將軍韓說步兵三萬人出五原，強弩都尉路博德步兵萬餘人與貳師會。 廣利與單于戰余吾水上連日，敖與左賢王戰不利，皆引還。
In the first month of spring in the fourth year, he received the feudal lords at Ganquan Palace. Convicts from the seven categories and brave men throughout the empire were mobilized. General Li Guangli was dispatched with 60,000 cavalry and 70,000 infantry from Shuofang, General Gongsun Ao with 10,000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry from Yanmen, General Han Yue with 30,000 infantry from Wuyuan, and Commander Lu Bode with over 10,000 infantry, all to rendezvous with the Second Division. Guangli fought the Chanyu on the Yuwu River for several days running, while Ao's battle against the Left Wise King went poorly. All forces withdrew.
201
夏四月，立皇子髆為昌邑王。
In the fourth month of summer, imperial son Bo was established as King of Changyi.
202
秋九月，令死罪人贖錢五十萬減死一等。
In the ninth month of autumn, capital criminals were allowed to redeem their sentences with 500,000 cash, reducing their punishment by one degree.
203
太始元年春正月，因杅將軍敖有罪，要斬。
In the first month of spring in the first year of Taishi, General Yin Huan Ao was convicted of crimes and sentenced to beheading.
204
徙郡國吏民豪桀于茂陵、雲陵。
Outstanding officials and strongmen from the commanderies and principalities were relocated to Maoling and Yunling.
205
夏六月，赦天下。
In the sixth month of summer, a general amnesty was declared throughout the empire.
206
二年春正月，行幸回中。
In the first month of spring in the second year, he traveled to Huizhong.
207
三月，詔曰：「有司議曰，往者朕郊見上帝，西登隴首，獲白麟以饋宗廟，渥洼水出天馬，泰山見黃金，宜改故名。 今更黃金為麟趾褭蹄以協瑞焉。」 因以班賜諸侯王。
In the third month, he proclaimed: 'The officials have discussed and said that previously I performed suburban sacrifices and beheld the Supreme Thearch, climbed west to Longshou, obtained a white unicorn for the ancestral temple, heavenly horses emerged from Wowo waters, and gold appeared on Mount Tai. It is fitting to change the old names. Now gold shall be renamed 'linyao lan ti' to harmonize with these auspicious omens.' It was thus distributed and granted to the feudal lords and kings.
208
秋，旱。 九月，募死罪人贖錢五十萬減死一等。
A drought occurred in autumn. In the ninth month, capital criminals were recruited with the option to redeem their sentences with 500,000 cash, reducing their punishment by one degree.
209
御史大夫杜周卒。
Grandee Secretary Du Zhou passed away.
210
三年春正月，行幸甘泉宮，饗外國客。
In the first month of spring in the third year, he traveled to Ganquan Palace and hosted a feast for foreign guests.
211
二月，令天下大酺五日。 行幸東海，獲赤鴈，作朱鴈之歌。 幸琅邪，禮日成山。 登之罘，浮大海。 山稱萬歲。 冬，賜行所過戶五千錢，鰥寡孤獨帛人一匹。
In the second month, he ordered great feasts throughout the empire for five days. He traveled to Donghai, captured a red goose, and composed the Vermilion Goose song. He visited Langye and performed sun rituals at Chengshan. He climbed Zhifu and took to the sea by boat. The mountain echoed with shouts of 'ten thousand years.' In winter, 5,000 cash was granted to each household in the places visited, and one bolt of silk to each widower, widow, orphan, and solitary person.
212
四年春三月，行幸泰山。 壬午，祀高祖于明堂，以配上帝，因受計。 癸未，祀孝景皇帝于明堂。 甲申，修封。 丙戌，禪石閭。 夏四月，幸不其，祠神人于交門宮，若有鄉坐拜者。 作交門之歌。 夏五月，還幸建章宮，大置酒，赦天下。
In the third month of spring in the fourth year, he traveled to Mount Tai. On the renwu day, he sacrificed to Gaozu in the Hall of Light to pair with the Supreme Thearch, then received provincial accounts. On the guiwei day, he sacrificed to Emperor Xiaojing in the Hall of Light. On the jiashen day, he performed the Feng sacrifice. On the bingxu day, he performed the Chan sacrifice at Shique. In the fourth month of summer, he visited Buqi and sacrificed to the divine person at Jiaomen Palace, where it seemed as if figures were facing the direction and bowing. A song was composed celebrating Jiaomen. In the fifth month of summer, he returned to Jianzhang Palace, held a grand banquet, and declared a general amnesty throughout the empire.
213
秋七月，趙有蛇從郭外入邑，與邑中蛇群鬥孝文廟下，邑中蛇死。
In the seventh month of autumn, a snake in Zhao entered the town from beyond the walls and fought with the local snakes beneath the Xiaowen Temple, where the town's snakes perished.
214
冬十月甲寅晦，日有蝕之。
On the jiayin day of the tenth month of winter, the last day of the month, a solar eclipse occurred.
215
十二月，行幸雍，祠五畤，西至安定、北地。
In the twelfth month, he traveled to Yong and performed sacrifices at the Five Altars, then went west to Anding and Beidi.
216
征和元年春正月，還，行幸建章宮。
In the first month of spring in the first year of Zhenghe, he returned and traveled to Jianzhang Palace.
217
三月，趙王彭祖薨。
In the third month, King Pengzu of Zhao passed away.
218
冬十一月，發三輔騎士大搜上林，閉長安城門索，十一日乃解。 巫蠱起。
In the eleventh month of winter, Sanfu cavalry were mobilized for a comprehensive search of Shanglin Park. Chang'an's city gates were closed for the search, which lasted eleven days before being lifted. Witchcraft and hexes began to appear.
219
二年春正月，丞相賀下獄死。
In the first month of spring in the second year, Chancellor He was imprisoned and died.
220
夏四月，大風發屋折木。
In the fourth month of summer, violent winds uprooted houses and snapped trees.
221
閏月，諸邑公主、陽石公主皆坐巫蠱死。
In the intercalary month, Princess Zhuyi and Princess Yangshi were both convicted of witchcraft hexes and executed.
222
夏，行幸甘泉。
In summer, he traveled to Ganquan.
223
秋七月，桉道侯韓說、使者江充等掘蠱太子宮。 壬午，太子與皇后謀斬充，以節發兵與丞相劉屈氂大戰長安，死者數萬人。 庚寅，太子亡，皇后自殺。 初置城門屯兵。 更節加黃旄。 御史大夫暴勝之、司直田仁坐失縱，勝之自殺，仁要斬。 八月辛亥，太子自殺于湖。
In the seventh month of autumn, Marquis Andao Han Yue and envoy Jiang Chong and others excavated witchcraft objects from the Crown Prince's palace. On the renwu day, the Crown Prince and Empress plotted to execute Chong, raised troops using the imperial tally, and fought a major battle with Chancellor Liu Quji in Chang'an, with tens of thousands killed. On the gengyin day, the Crown Prince fled and the Empress committed suicide. Garrison troops were first stationed at the city gates. The imperial tally was changed and adorned with yellow tassels. Grandee Secretary Bao Shengzhi and Director of Trials Tian Ren were convicted of dereliction of duty. Shengzhi committed suicide, Ren was sentenced to beheading. On the xinhai day of the eighth month, the Crown Prince committed suicide at Hu.
224
癸亥，地震。
On the guihai day, an earthquake occurred.
225
九月，立趙敬肅王子偃為平王。
In the ninth month, Yan, son of King Jingxu of Zhao, was established as King Ping.
226
匈奴入上谷、五原，殺略吏民。
The Xiongnu invaded Shanggu and Wuyuan, killing and abducting officials and civilians.
227
三年春正月，行幸雍，至安定、北地。 匈奴入五原、酒泉，殺兩都尉。 三月，遣貳師將軍廣利將七萬人出五原，御史大夫商丘成二萬人出西河，重合侯馬通四萬騎出酒泉。 成至浚稽山與虜戰，多斬首。 通至天山，虜引去，因降車師。 皆引兵還。 廣利敗，降匈奴。
In the first month of spring in the third year, he traveled to Yong, reaching Anding and Beidi. The Xiongnu invaded Wuyuan and Jiuquan, killing two commandants. In the third month, General Guangli was dispatched with 70,000 troops from Wuyuan, Grandee Secretary Shangqiu Cheng with 20,000 from Xibe, and Marquis Ma Tong with 40,000 cavalry from Jiuquan. Cheng reached Xunji Mountain and fought the enemy, taking many heads. Tong reached Tianshan where the enemy retreated, leading to the surrender of Cheshi. All forces withdrew and returned. Guangli suffered defeat and surrendered to the Xiongnu.
228
夏五月，赦天下。
In the fifth month of summer, a general amnesty was declared throughout the empire.
229
六月，丞相屈氂下獄要斬，妻子梟首。
In the sixth month, Chancellor Quji was imprisoned and sentenced to beheading, with his wife and children also executed.
230
秋，蝗。
Locusts plagued the autumn harvest.
231
九月，反者公孫勇、胡倩發覺，皆伏辜。
In the ninth month, the rebels Gongsun Yong and Hu Qian were discovered and all executed.
232
四年春正月，行幸東萊，臨大海。
In the first month of spring in the fourth year, he traveled to Donglai and gazed upon the great sea.
233
二月丁酉，隕石于雍，二，聲聞四百里。
On the dingyou day of the second month, two meteorites fell in Yong, with the sound heard four hundred li away.
234
三月，上耕于鉅定。 還幸泰山，修封。 庚寅，祀于明堂。 癸巳，浈石閭。 夏六月，還幸甘泉。
In the third month, the emperor performed the plowing ceremony at Juding. He returned to Mount Tai and performed the Feng sacrifice. On the gengyin day, he sacrificed in the Hall of Light. On the guisi day, he performed the Chan sacrifice at Shique. In the sixth month of summer, he returned to Ganquan.
235
秋八月辛酉晦，日有蝕之。
On the xinyou day of the eighth month of autumn, the last day of the month, a solar eclipse occurred.
236
後元元年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤，遂幸安定。
In the first month of spring in the first year of Houyuan, he traveled to Ganquan for the suburban sacrifice to the Supreme Altar, then proceeded to Anding.
237
昌邑王髆薨。
King Bo of Changyi passed away.
238
二月，詔曰：「朕郊見上帝，巡于北邊，見群鶴留止，以不羅罔，靡所獲獻。 薦于泰畤，光景並見。 其赦天下。」
In the second month, he proclaimed: 'I performed the suburban sacrifice and beheld the Supreme Thearch, toured the northern border and saw a flock of cranes resting peacefully. Without using nets to capture them, I had nothing to offer as tribute. When presented at the Supreme Altar, both light and shadow appeared together. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the empire.'
239
夏六月，御史大夫商丘成有罪自殺。 侍中僕射莽何羅與弟重合侯通謀反，侍中駙馬都尉金日磾、奉車都尉霍光、騎都尉上官桀討之。
In the sixth month of summer, Grandee Secretary Shangqiu Cheng, convicted of crimes, committed suicide. Palace Attendant Commander Mang Heluo plotted rebellion with his younger brother, Marquis Chonghe Tong. They were suppressed by Palace Attendant Jin Midi, Carriage Commandant Huo Guang, and Cavalry Commandant Shangguan Jie.
240
秋七月，地震，往往湧泉出。
In the seventh month of autumn, an earthquake occurred, with springs gushing forth in many places.
241
二年春正月，朝諸侯王于甘泉宮，賜宗室。
In the first month of spring in the second year, he received the feudal lords at Ganquan Palace and granted gifts to the imperial clan.
242
二月，行幸盩厔五柞宮。 乙丑，立皇子弗陵為皇太子。 丁卯，帝崩于五柞宮，入殯于未央宮前殿。 三月甲申，葬茂陵。
In the second month, he traveled to the Wuzuo Palace in Zhouzhi. On the yichou day, imperial son Fulian was established as Crown Prince. On the dingmao day, the emperor passed away at Wuzuo Palace and was placed in mourning at the front hall of Weiyang Palace. On the jiashen day of the third month, he was buried at Maoling.
243
贊曰：漢承百王之弊，高祖撥亂反正，文景務在養民，至于稽古禮文之事，猶多闕焉。 孝武初立，卓然罷黜百家，表章六經。 遂疇咨海內，舉其俊茂，與之立功。 興太學，修郊祀，改正朔，定曆數，協音律，作詩樂，建封禪，禮百神，紹周後，號令文章，煥焉可述。 後嗣得遵洪業，而有三代之風。 如武帝之雄材大略，不改文景之恭儉以濟斯民，雖詩書所稱何有加焉！
In appraisal: The Han dynasty inherited the exhaustion of a hundred previous rulers. Gaozu eliminated chaos and restored proper order. Emperors Wen and Jing focused on nurturing the people, but concerning the study of ancient rituals and cultural traditions, many gaps remained. When Emperor Wu first ascended the throne, he decisively rejected the hundred philosophical schools and elevated the six classics. He then consulted widely throughout the empire, promoted the talented and worthy, and achieved great accomplishments with them. He established the imperial university, reformed the suburban sacrifices, changed the calendar, standardized astronomical calculations, harmonized musical scales, composed poetry and music, instituted the Feng and Chan ceremonies, honored all the spirits, continued the Zhou legacy, and issued proclamations and writings of brilliant distinction. His successors were able to follow his grand legacy and achieved the character of the three ancient dynasties. With Emperor Wu's heroic talents and grand strategies, while maintaining the respectful frugality of Emperors Wen and Jing to benefit the people, what more could the Poetry and Documents praise!