1
十二月甲申，以少府河南陶敦為司空。 令郡國守、相視事未滿歲者，一切得舉孝廉吏。 癸卯，尚書奏請下有司，收還延光三年九月丁酉以皇太子為濟陰王詔書。 奏可。
On the jiashen day of the twelfth month, Tao Dun of Henan, who had served as Superintendent of the Household, was appointed Minister of Works. Governors of commanderies and chancellors of kingdoms who had been in post for less than a year were now allowed across the board to nominate candidates for the filial-and-incorrupt recommendation. On guimao, the Masters of Writing asked that orders go down to the appropriate agencies to withdraw the edict issued on dingyou in the ninth month of the third Yanguang year that had demoted the heir apparent to Prince of Jiyin. The throne approved the memorial.
2
京師大疫。
A severe epidemic struck the capital.
3
辛亥，詔公卿、郡守、國相，舉賢良方正、能直言極諫之士各一人。 尚書令以下從輦幸南宮者，皆增秩賜布各有差。
On xinhai, an edict instructed the high ministers, commandery governors, and kingdom chancellors each to nominate one candidate: a worthy and upright man able to speak plainly and remonstrate forcefully. Every official from the Prefect of the Masters of Writing on down who had accompanied the imperial carriage to the Southern Palace received a promotion in rank and a grant of cloth, the amounts varying by station.
4
永建元年春正月甲寅，詔曰：『先帝聖德，享祚未永，早弃鴻烈。 奸慝緣間，人庶怨讟，上干和氣，疫癘為災。 朕奉承大業，未能寧濟。 蓋至理之本，稽弘德惠，蕩滌宿惡，與人更始。 其大赦天下。 賜男子爵，人二級，為父後、三老、孝悌、力田人三級，流民欲自占者一級； 鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤癃、貧不能自存者粟，人五斛； 貞婦帛，人三匹。 坐法當徙，勿徙； 亡徒當傳，勿傳。 宗室以罪絕，皆復屬籍。 其與閻顯、江京等交通者，悉勿考。 勉修厥職，以康我民。』
In spring of the first Yongjian year, on jiayin in the first month, an edict declared: "Our late father possessed sagely virtue, yet his allotted reign was not long; he left his grand legacy too soon. Villains exploited the breach; common folk muttered resentment and blame; harmony between Heaven and man was disturbed, and epidemic disease followed as calamity. We have inherited the great charge yet have failed to restore stability and relief to the realm. The foundation of true order is to review and spread generous virtue, scour away entrenched wrongdoing, and let all begin anew. Therefore We grant a general amnesty throughout the empire. Adult males were granted two steps of noble rank; heirs, village elders, models of filial piety and brotherly harmony, and champions of farming received three steps each; displaced persons who chose to register locally received one step; widowers, widows, orphans, the childless, the gravely disabled, and the poor unable to survive on their own were given grain, five hu per person; virtuous widows received three bolts of silk each. Those liable to banishment under the law were not to be sent into exile; escaped laborers who would normally be transferred under escort were not to be transferred. Members of the imperial clan whose houses had been struck from the rolls for crimes were all readmitted to clan registration. Those who had associated with Yan Xian, Jiang Jing, and their circle were not to be prosecuted further. Apply yourselves to your offices, that Our people may thrive."
5
辛未，皇太后閻氏崩。 辛巳，太傅馮石、太尉劉熹、司徒李郃免。 二月甲申，葬安思皇后。 丙戌，太常桓焉為太傅； 大鴻臚朱寵為太尉，參錄尚書事； 長樂少府九江朱倀為司徒。 賜百官隨輦宿衛及拜除者布各有差。
On xinwei the empress dowager of the Yan clan died. On xinsi Grand Tutor Feng Shi, Grand Commandant Liu Xi, and Minister of Education Li He were removed from office. On jiashen in the second month the late Empress Ansi was interred. On bingxu Huan Yan, Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Grand Tutor; Zhu Chong, Grand Herald, became Grand Commandant with concurrent responsibility for the Masters of Writing; Zhu Chang of Jiujiang, Junior Steward of the Eternal Joy Palace, was made Minister of Education. Officials who had ridden with the carriage on night guard and those newly appointed received grants of cloth in graded amounts.
6
隴西鐘羌叛，護羌校尉馬賢討破之。
The Zhong Qiang of Longxi rose in revolt; Colonel Protecting the Qiang Ma Xian campaigned against them and broke their force.
7
夏五月丁丑，詔幽、幷、涼州刺史，使各實二千石以下至黃綬，年老劣弱不任軍事者，上名。 嚴勑障塞，繕設屯備，立秋之後，簡習戎馬。 六月己亥，封濟南王錯子顯為濟南王。
In summer, on dingchou in the fifth month, edicts went to the governors of You, Bing, and Liang: each was to canvass officials from two thousand piculs down to yellow-ribbon rank who were aged, feeble, or unfit for war, and report their names. Frontier barriers were to be strengthened, garrison works readied, and after the qi node Beginning of Autumn troops were to drill arms and horses. On jihai in the sixth month Xian, son of the late Prince of Jinan, was invested as Prince of Jinan.
8
秋七月庚午，衛尉來歷為車騎將軍。 八月，鮮卑寇代郡，代郡太守李超戰歿。 九月辛亥，初令三公、尚書入奏事。
In autumn, on gengwu in the seventh month, Commandant of the Guards Lai Li was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry. In the eighth month Xianbei horsemen invaded Dai Commandery; Governor Li Chao fell in the fighting. On xinhai in the ninth month a new rule required the Three Dukes and the Masters of Writing to attend court to present memorials on state business.
9
冬十月辛巳，詔減死罪以下徙邊； 其亡命贖，各有差。 丁亥，司空陶敦免。
In winter, on xinsi in the tenth month, an edict commuted capital crimes and lesser offenses to exile on the frontier; fugitives from the law might redeem themselves under a graded schedule. On dinghai Minister of Works Tao Dun was removed.
10
鮮卑犯邊。 庚寅，遣黎陽營兵出屯中山北界。 告幽州刺史，其令緣邊郡增置步兵，列屯塞下。 調五營弩師，郡舉五人，令教習戰射。 壬寅，廷尉張皓為司空。 甲辰，詔以疫癘水潦，令人半輸今年田租； 傷害什四以上，勿收責； 不滿者，以實除之。
Xianbei raiders struck the frontier. On gengyin soldiers of the Liyang camp were dispatched to garrison the northern marches of Zhongshan. The Governor of You was instructed to have frontier commanderies raise additional infantry and line camps along the wall. Crossbow instructors from the Five Camps were conscripted—five from each commandery—to train troops in mounted and foot archery. On renyin Zhang Hao, Minister of Justice, was appointed Minister of Works. On jiachen an edict cited plague and inundation and allowed the people to remit only half of the year's land tax; where crop loss was forty percent or higher, no collection was to be enforced; where loss fell short of that threshold, abatements were to match the verified damage.
11
十二月辛巳，賜王、主、貴人、公卿以下布各有差。
On xinsi in the twelfth month princes, princesses, noble consorts, and all officials from dukes down received graded gifts of cloth.
12
二年春正月戊申，樂安王鴻來朝。 丁卯，常山王章薨。
In the second year, on wushen in the first spring month, the Prince of Le'an, Hong, attended court. On dingmao Prince Zhang of Changshan died.
13
二月，鮮卑寇遼東、玄菟。 甲辰，詔稟貸荊、豫、兗、冀四州流冗貧人，所在安業之； 疾病致醫藥。 護烏桓校尉耿曄率南單于擊鮮卑，破之。 三月，旱，遣使者錄囚徒。
In the second month Xianbei bands attacked Liaodong and Xuantu. On jiachen an edict authorized grain loans to indigent refugees in Jing, Yu, Yan, and Ji so they could settle and work where they stood; those who fell ill were to receive medical care. Colonel Protecting the Wuhuan Geng Ye, at the head of the Southern Chanyu, attacked the Xianbei and routed them. The third month brought drought; envoys were dispatched to review cases in the jails.
14
疏勒國遣使奉獻。
Shule sent a mission bearing tribute.
15
夏六月乙酉，追尊謚皇妣李氏為恭愍皇后，葬於恭北陵。 西域長史班勇、敦煌太守張朗討焉耆、尉犁、危須三國，破之； 並遣子貢獻。
In summer, on yiyou in the sixth month, Our birth mother Lady Li was given the posthumous title Empress Gongmin and laid to rest at the northern Gong mausoleum. Chief Clerk of the Western Regions Ban Yong and Dunhuang Governor Zhang Lang attacked Yanqi, Weili, and Weixu and crushed them; each state then sent a hostage son with offerings of tribute.
16
秋七月甲戌朔，日有食之。 壬午，太尉朱寵、司徒朱倀罷。 庚子，太常劉光為太尉，錄尚書事； 光祿勳許敬為司徒。 辛丑，下邳王成薨。
Autumn, seventh month: the new moon fell on jiaxu and a solar eclipse was observed. On renwu Grand Commandant Zhu Chong and Minister of Education Zhu Chang were removed from office. On gengzi Liu Guang, Minister of Ceremonies, became Grand Commandant with charge of the Masters of Writing; Supervisor of the Household Xu Jing was appointed Minister of Education. On xinchou Prince Cheng of Xiapi died.
17
三年春正月丙子，京師地震，漢陽地陷裂。 甲午，詔實覈傷害者，賜年七歲以上錢，人二千； 一家被害，郡縣為收斂。 乙未，詔勿收漢陽今年田租、口賦。
In the third year, on bingzi in the first spring month, an earthquake rocked the capital; the ground in Hanyang sank and cracked open. On jiawu an edict required a tally of casualties and awarded two thousand cash to every victim aged seven or older; where an entire household had been lost, the local commandery or county was to arrange the burials. On yiwei an edict waived Hanyang's land rent and poll levy for the year.
18
秋七月丁酉，茂陵園寢灾，帝縞素避正殿。 辛亥，使太常王龔持節告祠茂陵。 九月，鮮卑寇漁陽。 冬十二月己亥，太傅桓焉免。
In autumn, on dingyou in the seventh month, fire destroyed the resting halls at Emperor Wu's Mao mausoleum; the emperor donned mourning white and vacated the main audience hall. On xinhai Minister of Ceremonies Wang Gong was sent with imperial staff to report the calamity at Mao and perform the rites. In the ninth month Xianbei raiders struck Yuyang. In winter, on jihai in the twelfth month, Grand Tutor Huan Yan was removed.
19
是歲，車騎將軍來歷罷。
The same year General of Chariots and Cavalry Lai Li was relieved of command.
20
四年春正月丙寅，詔曰：『朕托王公之上，涉道日寡，政失厥中，陰陽氣隔，寇盜肆暴，庶獄彌繁，憂悴永歎，疢如疾首。 《詩》云：「君子如祉，亂庶遄已。 」三朝之會，朔旦立春，嘉與海內洗心自新。 其赦天下。 從甲寅赦令已來復秩屬籍，三年正月已來還贖。 其閻顯、江京等知識婚姻禁錮，一原除之。 務崇寬和，敬順時令，遵典去苛，以稱朕意。』
In the fourth year, on bingyin in the first spring month, an edict read: "We are set above kings and dukes, yet Our course grows ever shorter of virtue; policy has strayed from the middle way; yin and yang fail to communicate; brigandage rages; litigation piles up without end; We ache with worry like a pounding in the skull. The 《Classic of Poetry》 says, 'When the ruler becomes a source of blessing, rebellion will quickly end.' The great court assembly falls on the new moon when spring opens; We would have everyone under Heaven cleanse the heart and begin again. Therefore We proclaim a general amnesty. Those reinstated in rank and registers since the jiayin amnesty, and ransoms paid back since the first month of the third year, are confirmed. Proscriptions binding kin and marriage allies of Yan Xian, Jiang Jing, and their faction are lifted altogether. Seek leniency and accord, honor the seasons, hew to precedent and shed cruelty, that Our intent may be satisfied."
21
丙子，帝加元服。 賜王、主、貴人、公卿以下金、帛各有差。 賜男子爵及流民欲占者人一級。 為父後、三老、孝悌、力田人二級； 鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤癃、貧不能自存帛，人一匹。
On bingzi the emperor underwent the capping ceremony. Princes, princesses, noble consorts, and officials from dukes down received gifts of gold and silk in graded amounts. Every adult male and every vagrant who chose to register locally received one step of noble rank. Heirs, village elders, models of filial piety and brotherly duty, and champions of farming received two steps each; widowers, widows, orphans, the childless, the gravely disabled, and the utterly destitute received one bolt of silk each.
22
二月戊戌，詔以民入山鑿石，發泄藏氣，勑有司檢察所當禁絕，如建武、永平故事。
On wuxu in the second month an edict noted that quarrying stone in the hills released pent earth-energy; the relevant bureaus were to investigate closures and prohibitions on the model of the Jianwu and Yongping reigns.
23
夏五月壬辰，詔曰：『海內頗有灾異，朝廷修政，太官減膳，珍玩不御。 而桂陽太守文礱，不惟竭忠，宣暢本朝，而遠獻大珠，以求幸媚，今封以還之。』
In summer, on renchen in the fifth month, an edict stated: "The realm has seen repeated omens and calamities; the court is reforming its rule; the palace kitchen has cut its fare; curios and luxuries are set aside. Yet Wen Long, governor of Guiyang, instead of devoting himself to loyal service and voicing the court's will, sent up great pearls from afar to curry favor; We now seal them and send them back."
24
五州雨水。 秋八月庚子，遣使實覈死亡，收斂稟賜。 丁巳，太尉劉光、司空張皓免。
Five provinces were inundated by rain. In autumn, on gengzi in the eighth month, envoys were dispatched to verify deaths, collect bodies for burial, and issue relief grain. On dingsi Grand Commandant Liu Guang and Minister of Works Zhang Hao were removed.
25
九月，復安定、北地、上郡歸舊土。 癸酉，大鴻臚龐參為太尉，錄尚書事。 太常王龔為司空。 冬十一月庚辰，司徒許敬免。 鮮卑寇朔方。
In the ninth month the people of Anding, Beidi, and Shang were allowed to return to their former lands. On guiyou Pang Can, Grand Herald, was appointed Grand Commandant with oversight of the Masters of Writing. Minister of Ceremonies Wang Gong became Minister of Works. In winter, on gengchen in the eleventh month, Minister of Education Xu Jing was dismissed. Xianbei horsemen invaded Shuofang.
26
十二月乙卯，宗正劉崎為司徒。 是歲，分會稽為吳郡。 拘彌國遣使貢獻。
On yimao in the twelfth month Liu Qi, Director of the Imperial Clan, was appointed Minister of Education. The same year Kuaiji was split and Wu Commandery carved out. Jumi sent envoys bearing tribute.
27
五年春正月，疏勒王遣侍子，及大宛、莎車王皆奉使貢獻。
In the fifth year's first spring month the king of Shule sent his heir as hostage, while the kings of Dayuan and Shache each dispatched embassies with tribute.
28
夏四月，京師旱。 辛巳，詔郡國貧人被灾者，勿收責今年過更。 京師及郡國十二蝗。
In the fourth summer month drought gripped the capital. On xinsi an edict directed commanderies and kingdoms not to demand from disaster-stricken poor the year's levy for hired substitute corvée, the guogeng surcharge. Swarms of locusts devastated the capital and twelve commanderies.
29
冬十月丙辰，詔郡國中都官死罪繫囚皆減罪一等，詣北地、上郡、安定戍。 乙亥，定遠侯班始坐殺其妻陰城公主，腰斬，同產皆弃市。
On bingchen in the tenth winter month an edict commuted capital convicts held in commandery and kingdom jails by one degree of severity and reassigned them to frontier garrison duty in Beidi, Shang, and Anding. On yihai Marquis Dingyuan Ban Shi was bisected at the waist for murdering his wife, Princess Yincheng; every sibling born of the same parents was dragged to the public market and put to death.
30
六年春二月庚午，河間王開薨。
In the sixth year, on gengwu in the second spring month, Prince Kai of Hejian died.
31
三月辛亥，復伊吾屯田，復置伊吾司馬一人。 秋九月辛巳，繕起太學。 護烏桓校尉耿曄遣兵擊鮮卑，破之。 丁酉，於闐王遣侍子貢獻。
On xinhai in the third month the Yiwu garrison farms were reinstated and a single Yiwu major was again placed on the rolls. In autumn, on xinsi in the ninth month, work began to rebuild the Imperial Academy. Colonel Protecting the Wuhuan Geng Ye dispatched a force against the Xianbei and broke their army. On dingyou the king of Khotan forwarded his heir as hostage together with tribute gifts.
32
冬十一月辛亥，詔曰：『連年灾潦，冀部尤甚。 比蠲除實傷，贍恤窮匱，而百姓猶有弃業，流亡不絕。 疑郡縣用心怠惰，恩澤不宣。 《易》美「損上益下」，《書》稱「安民則惠」。 其令冀部勿收今年田租、芻稾。』
On xinhai in the eleventh winter month an edict declared: "Disasters from high water have struck year on year, and the Ji heartland has borne the brunt. Time and again We have waived levies in proportion to verified damage and fed the penniless, yet farmers still abandon their fields and refugees keep streaming away. We suspect local officials have grown negligent and failed to carry Our grace to the ground. The Classic of Changes celebrates "trimming the heights to enrich the lowly," and the Book of Documents declares, "Secure the people and you have shown true benevolence." Therefore the Ji region is not to collect this year's grain rent or hay levy."
33
十二月，日南徼外葉調國、撣國遣使貢獻。 壬申，客星出牽牛。 於闐王遣侍子詣闕貢獻。
In the twelfth month the kingdoms of Yediao and Shan beyond Rinan's border sent missions bearing tribute. On renshen a guest star blazed forth in the lunar lodge of the Ox. The king of Khotan dispatched his heir to the capital to present tribute at court.
34
陽嘉元年春正月乙巳，立皇后梁氏。 賜爵，人二級，三老、孝悌、力田三級，爵過公乘，得移與子若同產、同產子，民無名數及流民欲占著者人一級； 鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤癃、貧不能自存者粟，人五斛。
In the first Yangjia year, on yisi in the first spring month, a daughter of the Liang clan was invested as empress. Two steps of noble rank went to every recipient; village elders, models of filial piety and brotherly harmony, and champions of farming received three; anyone whose rank already topped gongcheng could pass the new grant to a son, a uterine brother, or that brother's son; the unregistered and migrants who chose to enroll locally received one step; widowers, widows, orphans, the childless, the gravely disabled, and the poor unable to survive on their own were given five hu of grain apiece.
35
二月，海賊曾旌等寇會稽，殺句章、鄞、鄮三縣長，攻會稽東部都尉。 詔緣海縣各屯兵戍。 丁巳，皇后謁高廟、光武廟，詔稟甘陵貧人，大小口各有差。
In the second month coastal raiders led by Zeng Jing struck Kuaiji, executed the magistrates of Gouzhang, Yin, and Mao, and stormed the Eastern Division commandant's headquarters. Every seaboard county was ordered to post garrison troops. On dingsi the empress worshiped at the temples of Emperor Gao and Emperor Guangwu; an edict authorized grain doles for the indigent of Ganling, scaled by household size.
36
京師旱。 庚申，勑郡國二千石各禱名山嶽瀆，遣大夫、謁者詣嵩高、首陽山，並祠河、洛，請雨。 戊辰，雩。
Drought gripped the capital. On gengshen every governor at two thousand piculs was told to pray at the chief peaks and streams of his jurisdiction; court grandees and heralds were dispatched to Songgao and Shouyang while joint offerings went to the Yellow River and the Luo to beg for rain. On wuchen the court held the great rain ceremony.
37
以冀部比年水潦，民食不贍，詔案行稟貸，勸農功，賑乏絕。 甲戌，詔曰：『政失厥和，陰陽隔幷，冬鮮宿雪，春無澍雨。 分禱祈請，靡神不禜。 深恐在所慢違「如在」之義，今遣侍中王輔等，持節分詣岱山、東海、滎陽、河、洛，盡心祈焉。』
Since the Ji region had been drowned harvest after harvest and the people went hungry, an edict mandated touring inspectors, seed loans, exhortations to tillage, and relief for those without means. On jiaxu an edict read: "Our rule has failed to harmonize Heaven and earth; yin and yang stand apart; winter brought hardly any settled snow, and spring no timely downpour. We have scattered sacrifices and prayers to every god that might listen. We worry that local officers have slighted the reverence owed 'as if the spirits stood above them'; Palace Attendants led by Wang Fu therefore go forth with staffs of authority to Tai Mountain, the Eastern Sea, Xingyang, the Yellow River, and the Luo to plead for rain in earnest."
38
三月，楊州六郡妖賊章河等寇四十九縣，殺傷長吏。 庚寅，帝臨辟雍饗射，大赦天下，改元陽嘉。 詔宗室絕屬籍者，一切復籍； 稟冀州尤貧民，勿收今年更、租、口賦。
In the third month occult rebels headed by Zhang He swept six Yangzhou commanderies, hitting forty-nine counties and cutting down or wounding their magistrates. On gengyin the sovereign presided over the archery banquet at the Circular Moat, granted a general amnesty, and adopted the reign title Yangjia. Members of the imperial house removed from the rolls were to be readmitted without exception; the neediest households in Ji Province received relief grain, while the year's alternate-service fees, land tax, and head tax were waived.
39
夏五月戊寅，阜陵王恢薨。
In summer, on wuyin in the fifth month, Prince Hui of Fuling died.
40
秋七月，史官始作候風地動銅儀。 丙辰，以太學新成，試明經下第者補弟子，增甲、乙科員各十人。 除郡國耆儒九十人補郎、舍人。 九月，詔郡國中都官繫囚皆減死一等，亡命者贖，各有差。
In the seventh autumn month the court astronomers completed the first bronze wind gauge and seismoscope. On bingchen, now that the new academy stood ready, candidates who had missed the mingjing cut were admitted as student disciples, and ten additional slots were opened on both the jia and yi rosters. Ninety aged classicists from across the commanderies and kingdoms were named Gentlemen-at-large and household gentlemen. In the ninth month an edict commuted every capital convict in commandery and kingdom jails by one degree, while fugitives could buy back their guilt on a graded scale.
41
鮮卑寇遼東。
Xianbei riders invaded Liaodong.
42
冬十一月甲申，望都、蒲陰狼殺女子九十七人，詔賜狼所殺者錢，人三千。 辛卯，初令郡國舉孝廉，限年四十以上，諸生通章句，文吏能箋奏，乃得應選； 其有茂才異行，若顏淵、子奇，不拘年齒。
In winter, on jiashen in the eleventh month, wolves at Wangdu and Puyin killed ninety-seven people; the throne ordered three thousand cash paid toward each victim's funeral expenses. On xinmao a new rule required that filial-and-incorrupt nominees be at least forty, that students prove mastery of canonical segmentation, and that clerks show skill at drafting petitions before they could stand for appointment; men of conspicuous genius comparable to Yan Hui or Ziqi remained exempt from the age rule.
43
十二月丁未，東平王敞薨。 庚戌，復置玄菟郡屯田六部。
On dingwei in the twelfth month Prince Chang of Dongping died. On gengxu the six garrison-farm districts of Xuantu Commandery were re-established.
44
閏月丁亥，令諸以詔除為郎，年四十以上課試如孝廉科者，得參廉選，歲舉一人。 戊子，客星出天苑。 辛卯，詔曰：『間者以來，吏政不勤，故灾咎屢臻，盜賊多有。 退省所由，皆以選舉不實，官非其人，是以天心未得，人情多怨。 《書》歌股肱，《詩》刺三事。 今刺史、二千石之選，歸任三司。 其簡序先後，精覈高下，歲月之次，文武之宜，務存厥衷。 』庚子，恭陵百丈廡灾。
In the intercalary month, on dinghai, Gentlemen commissioned by edict who were past forty and who cleared an examination modeled on the filial-and-incorrupt curriculum could enter the incorrupt nomination track at the rate of one per annum. On wuzi a guest star shone in the Celestial Park asterism. On xinmao an edict lamented: "Recently bureaucracy has slackened, so omens pile up and brigandage spreads. Looking inward, the fault lies in hollow nominations and unfit appointees; Heaven's approval is withheld and popular resentment runs deep. The Book of Documents hymns the 'arms and thighs' of state, while the Classic of Poetry lampoons the three chief ministers. Henceforth the Three Offices will vet candidates for governorships and two-thousand-picul posts. They shall rank nominees, weigh merit with precision, note seniority, and balance civil against military talent, always seeking the middle way. On gengzi fire consumed the hundred-pace gallery at Emperor An's Gong mausoleum.
45
是歲，起西苑，修飾宮殿。
Work started on the Western Park and existing palace buildings were renovated.
46
二年春二月甲申，詔以吳郡、會稽飢荒，貸人種糧。
In the second year, on jiashen in the second spring month, an edict authorized seed-grain loans after famine struck Wu Commandery and Kuaiji.
47
三月，使匈奴中郎將王稠率左骨都侯等擊鮮卑，破之。 辛酉，除京師耆儒年六十以上四十八人補郎、舍人及諸王國郎。 夏四月，復置隴西南部都尉官。 己亥，京師地震。
In the third month Colonel in Charge of the Xiongnu Wang Chou, at the head of the Left Gudu Marquis and allied chiefs, struck the Xianbei and routed them. On xinyou forty-eight capital scholars past sixty were named Gentlemen-at-large, household gentlemen, and gentlemen in the service of princely states. In the fourth summer month the southern chief commandant post in Longxi was revived. On jihai an earthquake rocked the capital.
48
五月庚子，詔曰：『朕以不德，統奉鴻業，無以奉順乾坤，協序陰陽，灾眚屢見，咎徵仍臻。 地動之異，發自京師，矜矜祗畏，不知所裁。 羣公卿士將何以匡輔不逮，奉荅戒異？ 異不空設，必有所應，其各悉心直言厥咎，靡有所諱。 』戊午，司空王龔免。
On gengzi in the fifth month an edict read: "We lack virtue yet bear the great charge; We cannot align Our rule with Heaven and earth or tune yin and yang, and omens of reproof return without end. The quake began here in the capital; We tremble with awe and scarcely know what to do. By what counsel will the high ministers shore up Our failures and answer these signs? Heaven does not send warnings without cause; each of you must search his conscience and report Our errors openly, hiding nothing." On wuwu Minister of Works Wang Gong was removed from office.
49
六月辛未，太常魯國孔扶為司空。 疏勒國獻師子、封牛。 丁丑，洛陽地陷。 是月，旱。 秋七月己未，太尉龐參免。 八月己巳，大鴻臚沛國施延為太尉。
On xinwei in the sixth month Kong Fu of Lu, Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Minister of Works. Shule sent lions and zebu cattle as tribute. On dingchou the earth opened and sank in Luoyang. Drought continued through that month. In autumn, on jiwei in the seventh month, Grand Commandant Pang Can was dismissed. In the eighth month, on jisi, Grand Herald Shi Yan of Pei was named Grand Commandant.
50
鮮卑寇代郡。 冬十月庚午，行禮辟雍，奏應鐘，始復黃鐘，作樂器隨月律。
Xianbei horsemen struck Dai Commandery. In winter, on gengwu in the tenth month, the court celebrated the Circular Moat ritual, sounded the yingzhong bell, reinstated huangzhong as the foundational pitch, and tuned new instruments to the monthly sequence.
51
三年春二月己丑，詔以久旱，京師諸獄無輕重皆且勿考竟，須得澍雨。 三月庚戌，益州盜賊劫質令長，殺列侯。
In the third year, on jichou in the second spring month, a long drought led to an edict halting all capital trials, light or heavy, until a thorough rain should fall. In the third month, on gengxu, Yizhou outlaws took county chiefs hostage and murdered a full marquis.
52
夏四月丙寅，車師後部司馬率後部王加特奴等掩擊匈奴，大破之，獲其季母。
In summer, on bingyin in the fourth month, Cheshi's major for the rear division, with Rear King Jianu and allied riders, ambushed the Xiongnu, shattered their host, and took one of their chief consorts captive.
53
五月戊戌，制詔曰：『昔我太宗，丕顯之德，假於上下，儉以恤民，政致康乂。 朕秉事不明，政失厥道，天地譴怒，大變仍見。 春夏連旱，寇賊彌繁，元元被害，朕甚愍之。 嘉與海內洗心更始。 其大赦天下，自殊死以下謀反大逆諸犯不當得赦者，皆赦除之。 賜民年八十以上米，人一斛，肉二十斤，酒五斗； 九十以上加賜帛，人二匹，絮三斤。』
On wuxu in the fifth month a throne edict recalled: "Our dynastic founder displayed radiant virtue from court to countryside, lived plainly for the people's sake, and brought the realm to good order. We govern dimly; policy strays from the Way; Heaven and earth thunder their displeasure, and prodigies keep returning. Drought has run from spring into summer; brigandage thickens; the people suffer, and Our heart aches for them. We would join everyone under Heaven in cleansing the mind and turning a new page. Therefore We proclaim a sweeping amnesty: even capital crimes short of the unpardonable core of armed rebellion are cleared. Commoners eighty or older received one hu of rice, twenty catties of meat, and five dou of wine apiece; those ninety or older were also given two bolts of silk and three jin of cotton wadding each."
54
秋七月庚戌，鐘羌寇隴西、漢陽。 冬十月，護羌校尉馬續擊破之。
In autumn, on gengxu in the seventh month, Zhong Qiang raiders hit Longxi and Hanyang. In the tenth winter month Colonel Protecting the Qiang Ma Xu campaigned against them and won.
55
十一月壬寅，司徒劉崎、司空孔扶免。 乙巳，大司農南郡黃尚為司徒，光祿勳河東王卓為司空。 丙午，武都塞上屯羌及外羌攻破屯官，驅略人畜。
In the eleventh month, on renyin, Minister of Education Liu Qi and Minister of Works Kong Fu were removed. On yisi Huang Shang of Nan commandery, Minister of Agriculture, was made Minister of Education, while Supervisor of the Household Wang Zhuo of Hedong became Minister of Works. On bingwu frontier Qiang stationed at Wudu, together with allied tribes without the wall, overran the garrison command and carried off people and herds.
56
四年春二月丙子，初聽中官得以養子為後，世襲封爵。
In the fourth year, on bingzi in the second spring month, eunuchs were for the first time permitted to adopt heirs and transmit noble titles in the male line.
57
自去冬旱，至於是月。 謁者馬賢擊鐘羌，大破之。
The drought that began the previous winter lasted into this month. Court herald Ma Xian struck the Zhong Qiang and shattered their force.
58
夏四月甲子，太尉施延免。 戊寅，執金吾梁商為大將軍，前太尉龐參為太尉。 六月己未，梁王匡薨。 秋七月己亥，濟北王登薨。 閏月丁亥朔，日有食之。
In summer, on jiazi in the fourth month, Grand Commandant Shi Yan was dismissed. On wuyin Bearer of the Mace Liang Shang was appointed Grand General, while former Grand Commandant Pang Can returned as Grand Commandant. On jiwei in the sixth month Prince Kuang of Liang died. In autumn, on jihai in the seventh month, Prince Deng of Jibei died. The intercalary month opened on dinghai with a solar eclipse at new moon.
59
冬十月，烏桓寇雲中。 十一月，圍度遼將軍耿曄於蘭池，發諸郡兵救之，烏桓退走。 十二月甲寅，京師地震。
In the tenth winter month Wuhuan riders invaded Yunzhong. In the eleventh month they surrounded General Who Crosses the Liao Geng Ye at Lanchi until relief forces from several commanderies arrived and the Wuhuan broke off the siege. In the twelfth month, on jiayin, another earthquake struck the capital.
60
永和元年春正月，夫餘王來朝。
In the first Yonghe year, during the first spring month, the king of Fuyu came to pay homage at court.
61
乙卯，詔曰：『朕秉政不明，灾眚屢臻。 典籍所忌，震食為重。 今日變方遠，地搖京師，咎徵不虛，必有所應。 群公百僚其各上封事，指陳得失，靡有所諱。 』己巳，宗祀明堂，登靈臺，改元永和，大赦天下。
On yimao an edict confessed: "Our administration is dim, and omens of blame keep arriving. Among the warnings recorded in the classics, quakes and eclipses weigh heaviest." Though the omen has not yet run its full course, the earth has quaked beneath the capital; such a reproof from Heaven cannot be meaningless. Every high minister and official is to forward a sealed statement naming what has gone right and what wrong, hiding nothing. On jisi the sovereign sacrificed at the Bright Hall, climbed the Spirit Terrace, adopted the reign title Yonghe, and declared a general amnesty.
62
秋七月，偃師蝗。 冬十月丁亥，承福殿火，帝避御雲臺。 十一月丙子，太尉龐參罷。 十二月，象林蠻夷叛。 乙巳，以前司空王龔為太尉。
Locusts swarmed Yanshi in the seventh autumn month. On dinghai in the tenth winter month fire destroyed the Hall of Received Blessings; the court removed to the Cloud Terrace. On bingzi in the eleventh month Grand Commandant Pang Can was removed. In the twelfth month the non-Chinese peoples of Xianglin rose in revolt. On yisi former Minister of Works Wang Gong was named Grand Commandant.
63
二年春正月，武陵蠻叛，圍充縣，又寇夷道。 二月，廣漢屬國都尉擊破白馬羌。 武陵太守李進擊叛蠻，破之。
In the second year's first spring month the Wuling tribesmen rebelled, surrounded Chong county, and struck Yidao as well. In the second month the chief commandant of Guanghan's dependent state broke the White Horse Qiang. Governor Li Jin of Wuling campaigned against the rebel tribes and won.
64
三月辛亥，北海王翼薨。 乙卯，司空王卓薨。 丁丑，光祿勳馮翊郭虔為司空。 夏四月丙申，京師地震。 五月，日南叛蠻攻郡府。
On xinhai in the third month Prince Yi of Beihai died. On yimao Minister of Works Wang Zhuo died. On dingchou Guo Qian of Fanyi, Supervisor of the Household, was appointed Minister of Works. On bingshen in the fourth summer month an earthquake rocked the capital. In the fifth month insurgent tribesmen of Rinan stormed the commandery yamen.
65
秋七月，九真、交阯二郡兵反。 八月庚子，熒惑犯南斗。 江夏盜賊殺邾長。
In the seventh autumn month the garrisons of Jiuquan and Jiaozhi turned against their officers. On gengzi in the eighth month Mars entered the lunar lodge of the Southern Dipper. Outlaws in Jiangxia murdered the magistrate of Zhu.
66
冬十月甲申，行幸長安，所過鰥、寡、孤、獨、貧不能自存者賜粟，人五斛。 庚子，幸未央宮，會三輔郡守、都尉及官屬，勞賜作樂。 十一月丙午，祠高廟。 丁未，遂有事十一陵。 丁卯，京師地震。
On jiashen in the tenth winter month the emperor traveled to Chang'an; every indigent widower, widow, orphan, or childless person encountered on the way received five hu of grain. On gengzi he attended Weiyang Palace, summoned the governors and chief commandants of the three capital circuits and their staffs, and held a banquet with music and gifts. On bingwu in the eleventh month he sacrificed at Emperor Gao's temple. On dingwei he completed the grand offerings at the eleven imperial tombs. On dingmao an earthquake struck the capital.
67
十二月乙亥，至自長安。
On yihai in the twelfth month the court returned from Chang'an.
68
三年春二月乙亥，京師及金城、隴西地震，二郡山岸崩，地陷。 戊子，太白犯熒惑。
In the third year, on yihai in the second spring month, earthquakes hit the capital, Jincheng, and Longxi; cliffs gave way in the two western commanderies and the ground opened. On wuzi Venus occulted or passed Mars.
69
夏四月，九江賊蔡伯流寇郡界，及廣陵，殺江都長。 戊戌，遣光祿大夫案行金城、隴西，賜壓死者年七歲以上錢，人二千； 一家皆被害，為收斂之。 除今年田租，尤甚者勿收口賦。
In the fourth summer month Jiujiang rebel Cai Boliu plundered the commandery marches, pushed into Guangling, and slew the magistrate of Jiangdu. On wuxu court envoys toured Jincheng and Longxi, paying two thousand cash for every victim of seven years or older killed in the collapse; where an entire household had been lost, officials arranged the burials. Land tax for the year was waived, and in the hardest-hit districts the head tax was not levied.
70
秋七月丙戌，濟北王多薨。 八月己未，司徒黃尚免。
On bingxu in the seventh autumn month Prince Duo of Jibei died. On jiwei in the eighth month Minister of Education Huang Shang was removed.
71
九月己酉，光祿勳長沙劉壽為司徒。 丙戌，令大將軍、三公各舉故刺史、二千石及見令、長、郎、謁者、四府掾屬剛毅武猛有謀謨任將帥者各二人，特進、卿、校尉各一人。
On jiyou in the ninth month Liu Shou of Changsha, Supervisor of the Household, was appointed Minister of Education. On bingxu an edict required the Grand General and the Three Dukes each to nominate two officers—among ex-governors, former two-thousand-picul officials, sitting magistrates, chiefs, Gentlemen, heralds, or staff of the four ministerial bureaus—who were stern, brave, and clever enough for field command, while each chief minister, chief commandant, and colonel was to put forward one such man.
72
冬十月，燒當羌寇金城，護羌校尉馬賢擊破之，羌遂相招而叛。 十二月戊戌朔，日有食之。
In the tenth winter month the Shao Dang Qiang struck Jincheng; Colonel Protecting the Qiang Ma Xian repulsed them, but the tribes then rallied in wider revolt. The twelfth month opened on wuxu with a solar eclipse at new moon.
73
四年春正月庚辰，中常侍張逵、蘧政、楊定等有罪誅，連及弘農太守張鳳、安平相楊告，下獄死。 三月乙亥，京師地震。
In the fourth year, on gengchen in the first spring month, eunuchs Zhang Kui, Qu Zheng, and Yang Ding were put to death for conspiracy; Governor Zhang Feng of Hongnong and Chancellor Yang Gao of Anping were caught in the net, jailed, and died there. On yihai in the third month an earthquake shook the capital.
74
夏四月癸卯，護羌校尉馬賢討燒當羌，大破之。 戊午，大赦天下。 賜民爵及粟、帛各有差。 五月戊辰，封故濟北惠王壽子安為濟北王。
On guimao in the fourth summer month Colonel Protecting the Qiang Ma Xian attacked the Shao Dang Qiang and routed them utterly. On wuwu a general amnesty was declared. Commoners received steps of noble rank plus grain and silk in graded amounts. On wuchen An, son of the late Prince Hui of Jibei, was invested as Prince of Jibei.
75
秋八月，太原郡旱，民庶流冗。 癸丑，遣光祿大夫案行稟貸，除更賦。
In the eighth autumn month Taiyuan was parched by drought and the populace scattered as refugees. On guichou envoys toured with seed and relief grain, while fees for hired substitute corvée were waived.
76
冬十月戊午，校獵上林苑，歷函谷關而還。 十一月丙寅，幸廣成苑。
On wuwu in the tenth winter month the emperor hunted in Shanglin Park and came back by way of Hangu Pass. On bingyin in the eleventh month he traveled to Guangcheng Park.
77
五年春二月戊申，京師地震。 夏四月庚子，中山王弘薨。 南匈奴左部句龍大人吾斯、車紐等叛，圍美稷。
In the fifth year, on wushen in the second spring month, the capital quaked. On gengzi in the fourth summer month Prince Hong of Zhongshan died. Wusi and Cheniu, chiefs of the Southern Xiongnu's left wing, mutinied and surrounded the headquarters at Meiji.
78
五月，度遼將軍馬續討吾斯、車紐，破之，使匈奴中郎將陳龜迫殺南單于。 己亚晦，日有食之。 且凍羌寇三輔，殺令長。 丁丑，令死罪以下及亡命贖，各有差。
In the fifth month General Who Crosses the Liao Ma Xu struck Wusi and Cheniu and broke their power; Colonel in Charge of the Xiongnu Chen Gui then hounded the Southern Chanyu until he perished. The month ended on jisi with a solar eclipse. The Qie Dong Qiang invaded the capital region and murdered county chiefs. On dingchou an edict permitted ransoms for all crimes down from capital offenses, as well as for fugitives, on a graded scale.
79
九月，令扶風、漢陽築隴道塢三百所，置屯兵。 辛未，太尉王龔罷。
In the ninth month Fengyi and Hanyang were told to erect three hundred blockhouses along the Long mountain road and man them with soldiers. On xinwei Grand Commandant Wang Gong was removed.
80
且凍羌寇武都，燒隴關。 壬午，太常桓焉為太尉。 丁亥，徙西河郡居離石，上郡居夏陽，朔方居五原。
The Qie Dong Qiang struck Wudu and set fire to Long Pass. On renwu Huan Yan, Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Grand Commandant. On dinghai the seat of Xihe was moved to Lishi, that of Shang to Xiayang, and Shuofang's administration to Wuyuan.
81
句龍吾斯等東引烏桓，西收羌胡，寇上郡，立車紐為單于。 冬十一月辛巳，遣使匈奴中郎將張耽擊破之，車紐降。
Wusi of the Goulong line pulled Wuhuan bands east, recruited Qiang and Hu from the west, invaded Shang Commandery, and enthroned Cheniu as Chanyu. On xinsi in the eleventh winter month Colonel in Charge of the Xiongnu Zhang Dan attacked them and won; Cheniu submitted.
82
六年春正月丙子，征西將軍馬賢與且凍羌戰於射姑山，賢軍敗沒，安定太守郭璜下獄死。 詔貸王、侯國租一歲。 閏月，鞏唐羌寇隴西，遂及三輔。
In the sixth year, on bingzi in the first spring month, General on the West Ma Xian met the Qie Dong Qiang at Shegu Mountain; his host was shattered and he perished, while Anding Governor Guo Huang was jailed and died. An edict deferred collection of one year's rent from princely fiefs. In the intercalary month the Gong Tang Qiang hit Longxi and pushed into the capital region.
83
二月丁巳，有星孛於營室。
On dingsi in the second month a comet blazed in the Encampment lunar lodge.
84
秋七月甲午，詔假民有貲者戶錢一千。 八月丙辰，大將軍梁商薨； 壬戌，河南尹梁冀為大將軍。 九月，諸種羌寇武威。 辛亥晦，日有食之。 冬十月癸丑，徙安定居扶風，北地居馮翔。
On jiawu in the seventh autumn month an edict advanced one thousand cash per propertied household as a loan. On bingchen in the eighth month Grand General Liang Shang died; on renxu Liang Ji, Intendant of Henan, succeeded him as Grand General. In the ninth month allied Qiang bands invaded Wuwei. The month closed on xinhai with a solar eclipse. On guichou in the tenth winter month the population of Anding commandery was resettled in Fufeng, and that of Beidi commandery in Fengyi.
85
十一月庚子，以執金吾張喬行車騎將軍事，將兵屯三輔。
On gengzi in the eleventh month Bearer of the Mace Zhang Qiao was commissioned acting General of Chariots and Cavalry and sent with an army to garrison the capital circuits.
86
漢安元年春正月癸巳，宗祀明堂，大赦天下，改元漢安。
In the first Han'an year, on guisi in the first spring month, sacrifice was offered at the Bright Hall, a general amnesty was granted, and the reign title became Han'an.
87
二月丙辰，詔大將軍、公、卿舉賢良方正、能探賾索隱者各一人。 秋七月，始置承華廄。
On bingchen in the second month the Grand General and the high ministers were each told to nominate one candidate of integrity able to probe recondite matters. In the seventh autumn month the Chenghua imperial stables were founded for the first time.
88
八月，南匈奴左部大人句龍吾斯與薁鞬臺耆等反叛。 丁卯，遣侍中杜喬，光祿大夫周舉，守光祿大夫郭遵、馮羨、欒巴、張綱、周栩、劉班等八人分行州、郡，班宣風化，舉實臧否。
In the eighth month Goulong Wusi, chief of the Southern Xiongnu's eastern wing, rose with Yu Jian Taigi and allied chiefs. On dingmao eight inspectors—Palace Attendants Du Qiao and Zhou Ju, and acting Palace Attendants Guo Zun, Feng Xian, Luan Ba, Zhang Gang, Zhou Xu, and Liu Ban—fanned out through the provinces and commanderies to spread the court's teaching and report honestly on local conduct.
89
九月庚寅，廣陵盜賊張嬰等寇郡縣。
On gengyin in the ninth month Guangling rebel Zhang Ying and his followers pillaged towns across the region.
90
冬十月辛未，太尉桓焉、司徒劉壽免。 甲戌，行車騎將軍張喬罷。
On xinwei in the tenth winter month Grand Commandant Huan Yan and Minister of Education Liu Shou were removed. On jiaxu Acting General of Chariots and Cavalry Zhang Qiao was relieved of command.
91
十一月壬午，司隸校尉趙峻為太尉，大司農胡廣為司徒。 癸卯，詔大將軍、三公選武猛試用有效驗任為將校者各一人。 是歲，廣陵賊張嬰等詣太守張綱降。
On renwu in the eleventh month Metropolitan Governor Zhao Jun was named Grand Commandant and Minister of Agriculture Hu Guang became Minister of Education. On guimao the Grand General and the Three Dukes were each told to pick one officer of proven military mettle from a probationary post fit for command as general or colonel. The same year Zhang Ying of Guangling and his band submitted to Governor Zhang Gang.
92
二年春二月丙辰，鄯善國遣使貢獻。
In the second year, on bingchen in the second spring month, Shanshan sent a tribute mission.
93
夏四月庚戌，護羌校尉趙沖與漢陽太守張貢擊燒何羌於參欒，破之。
On gengxu in the fourth summer month Colonel Protecting the Qiang Zhao Chong and Hanyang Governor Zhang Gong struck the Shao He Qiang at Canluan and routed them.
94
六月乙丑，熒惑犯鎮星。 丙寅，立南匈奴守義王兜樓儲為南單于。
On yichou in the sixth month Mars approached Saturn. On bingyin Dou Lou Chu, the Southern Xiongnu's "prince who guards righteousness," was enthroned as Southern Chanyu.
95
冬十月辛丑，令郡國中都官繫囚殊死以下出縑贖，各有差； 其不能入贖者，遣詣臨羌縣居作二歲。 甲辰，減百官奉。 丙午，禁沽酒，又貸王、侯國租一歲。
On xinchou in the tenth winter month convicts in commandery and capital jails from capital crimes downward might buy release with graded payments of silk; those who could not raise the ransom were sent to Linqiang county for two years of hard labor. On jiachen official stipends were cut. On bingwu wine was banned from the market and princely rents were deferred another year.
96
閏王，趙沖擊燒當羌於阿陽，破之。 十一月，使匈奴中郎將馬寔遣人刺殺句龍吾斯。 十二月，楊、徐盜賊攻燒城寺，殺略吏民。 是歲，涼州地百八十震。
In the intercalary month Zhao Chong campaigned against the Shao Dang Qiang at Ayang and won. In the eleventh month Colonel in Charge of the Xiongnu Ma Shi had Goulong Wusi murdered by agents. In the twelfth month rebels in Yang and Xu torched county seats and government offices, slaughtering and looting officials and commoners. Liang Province suffered one hundred eighty earthquakes in the course of the year.
97
建康元年正月辛丑，詔曰：『隴西、漢陽、張掖、北地、武威、武都，自去年九月已來，地百八十震，山谷坼裂，壞敗城寺，殺害民庶。 夷狄叛逆，賦役重數，內外怨曠，惟咎嘆息。 其遣光祿大夫案行，宣暢恩澤，惠此下民，勿為煩擾。』
In the first Jiankang year, on xinchou in the first month, an edict read: "Since last year's ninth month Longxi, Hanyang, Zhangye, Beidi, Wuwei, and Wudu have endured one hundred eighty tremors; ridges have cracked open, towns and temples toppled, and the people crushed. Tribesmen rise in revolt while levies and labor multiply; court and countryside seethe with grievance, and We can only groan at Our fault. Envoys of rank will tour the region, carry Our grace to the humblest households, and must not harass them with needless fuss."
98
三月庚子，沛王廣薨。
On gengzi in the third month Prince Guang of Pei died.
99
領護羌校尉衛琚追討叛羌，破之。 南郡、江夏盜賊寇掠城邑，州郡討平之。
Acting Colonel Protecting the Qiang Wei Ju chased the rebel tribes and broke their host. Brigands in Nan and Jiangxia looted cities until provincial forces stamped them out.
100
夏四月，使匈奴中郎將馬寔擊南匈奴左部，破之，於是胡羌、烏桓悉詣寔降。 辛巳，立皇子炳為皇太子，改年建康，大赦天下。 賜人爵各有差。 秋七月丙午，清河王延平薨。
In the fourth summer month Colonel in Charge of the Xiongnu Ma Shi struck the Southern Xiongnu's left division and broke it; Hu, Qiang, and Wuhuan bands then flocked to his camp and submitted. On xinsi the emperor's son Bing was named heir apparent, the reign title became Jiankang, and a general amnesty was declared. The people received graded grants of noble rank. On bingwu in the seventh autumn month Prince Yanping of Qinghe died.
101
八月，楊、徐盜賊范容、周生等寇掠城邑，遣御史中丞馮赦督州郡兵討之。
In the eighth month Yang and Xu rebels Fan Rong and Zhou Sheng pillaged towns; Imperial Secretary Feng She took charge of provincial armies sent to suppress them.
102
庚午，帝崩於玉堂前殿，時年三十。 遺詔無起寢廟，斂以故服，珠玉玩好皆不得下。
On gengwu the sovereign expired in the Jade Hall antechamber, aged thirty by Chinese reckoning. His deathbed will forbid erecting a separate temple-tomb, direct burial in his everyday garments, and bar pearls, jade, and luxuries from the coffin.
103
論曰：古之人君，離幽放而反國祚者有矣，莫不矯鑒前違，審識情偽，無忘在外之憂，故能中興其業。 觀夫順朝之政，殆不然乎？ 何其傚僻之多與？
The historian remarks: ancient sovereigns who fell into disgrace yet won back the throne invariably learned from past mistakes, judged sincerity from guile, and never forgot the danger of exile—only so could they restore the dynasty. Yet when one weighs the reign called Shun, does the pattern apply at all? How often did the court instead copy the wrong examples?
104
孝沖皇帝諱炳，順帝之子也。 母曰虞貴人。
The Emperor Xiaochong, personal name Bing, was Emperor Shun's son. His mother was the Honored Lady Yu.
105
建康元年立為皇太子，其年八月庚午，即皇帝位，年二歲。 尊皇后曰皇太后。 太后臨朝。 丁丑，以太尉趙峻為太傅； 大司農李固為太尉，參錄尚書事。
Named heir apparent in the first Jiankang year, he ascended the throne on gengwu in the eighth month of that same year at the age of two. The empress was elevated to empress dowager. The empress dowager assumed regency and presided over court. On dingchou Grand Commandant Zhao Jun became Grand Tutor; Minister of Agriculture Li Gu succeeded him as Grand Commandant with concurrent oversight of the Masters of Writing.
106
九月丙午，葬孝順皇帝於憲陵，廟曰敬宗。 是日，京師及太原、鴈門地震，三郡水涌土裂。 庚戌，詔三公、特進、侯、卿、校尉，舉賢良方正、幽逸修道之士各一人，百僚皆上封事。 己未，九江太守丘騰有罪，下獄死。
On bingwu in the ninth month the late Emperor Shun was interred at Xian Mausoleum and given the temple name Jingzong. The same day earthquakes rocked the capital, Taiyuan, and Yanmen; in all three commanderies springs erupted through fissures in the soil. On gengxu the high ministers, specially advanced nobles, marquises, chief ministers, and chief commandants were each told to nominate one candidate—either a worthy and upright scholar or a recluse known for self-cultivation—while every official filed sealed advice. On jiwei Jiujiang Governor Qiu Teng was convicted, jailed, and died there.
107
楊州刺史尹耀、九江太守鄧顯討賊范容等於歷陽，軍敗，耀、顯為賊所歿。
Inspector Yin Yao of Yang Province and Jiujiang Governor Deng Xian attacked Fan Rong's band at Liyang but were routed; both officers fell to the rebels.
108
冬十月，日南蠻夷攻燒城邑，交阯刺史夏方招誘降之。 壬申，常山王儀薨。 己卯，零陵太守劉康坐殺無辜，下獄死。
In the tenth winter month tribal peoples of Rinan torched towns until Jiaozhi Inspector Xia Fang talked them into submission. On renshen Prince Yi of Changshan died. On jimao Lingling Governor Liu Kang was condemned for executing innocents, imprisoned, and died.
109
十一月，九江盜賊徐鳳、馬勉等稱『無上將軍』，攻燒城邑。 己酉，令郡國中都官繫囚減死一等，徙邊； 謀反大逆，不用此令。 十二月，九江賊黃虎等攻合肥。
In the eleventh month Jiujiang rebels Xu Feng and Ma Mian took the title Supreme General and burned their way through several towns. On jiyou capital convicts in commandery and kingdom jails had capital sentences commuted one degree and were sent to the frontier; the order did not cover treason and armed rebellion. In the twelfth month Jiujiang raider Huang Hu and his followers struck Hefei.
110
是歲，群盜發憲陵。 護羌校尉趙沖追擊叛羌於鹯陰河，戰歿。
That year tomb robbers broke open Emperor Shun's Xian mausoleum. Colonel Protecting the Qiang Zhao Chong chased rebel Qiang to the Zhanyin River and was killed in the fighting.
111
永憙元年春正月戊戌，帝崩於玉堂前殿，年三歲。 清河王蒜徵至京師。
In the first year of the Yongxi era, on wuxu in the first spring month, the child emperor died in the Jade Hall antechamber, aged three. Prince Suan of Qinghe was called to Luoyang.
112
孝質皇帝諱纘，肅宗玄孫。 曾祖父千乘貞王伉，祖父樂安夷王寵，父勃海孝王鴻，母陳夫人。 沖帝不豫，大將軍梁冀徴帝到洛陽都亭。 及沖帝崩，皇太后與冀定策禁中，丙辰，使冀持節，以王青蓋車迎帝入南宮。 丁巳，封為建平侯，其日即皇帝位，年八歲。
The Emperor Xiaozhi, personal name Zuan, was a fourth-generation descendant of Emperor Zhang, temple name Suzong. His great-grandfather was Prince Kang of Qiancheng, personal name Kang; his grandfather was Prince Chong of Le'an, posthumously called the Mild Prince; his father was Prince Hong of Bohai, posthumously called the Filial Prince; his mother was Lady Chen. While Emperor Chong lay dying, Grand General Liang Ji had the boy prince brought to the capital relay inn. After the young emperor's death the empress dowager and Liang Ji chose the heir in camera; on bingchen Liang Ji, staff in hand, escorted the prince in the green-canopied royal carriage into the Southern Palace. On dingsi he received the marquisate of Jianping and the same day ascended the throne at the age of eight.
113
己未，葬孝沖皇帝於懷陵。
On jiwei Emperor Chong was interred at Huai Mausoleum.
114
廣陵賊張嬰等復反，攻殺堂邑、江都長。 九江賊徐鳳等攻殺曲陽、東城長。 甲申，謁高廟。 乙酉，謁光武廟。
Guangling outlaw Zhang Ying rose again, stormed Tangyi and Jiangdu, and slew both magistrates. Jiujiang rebels under Xu Feng killed the chiefs of Quyang and Dongcheng. On jiashen he sacrificed at Emperor Gao's temple. On yiyou he worshiped at Emperor Guangwu's temple.
115
二月，豫章太守虞續坐贓，下獄死。 乙酉，大赦天下。 賜人爵及粟、帛各有差。 還王侯所削戶、邑。 彭城王道薨。 叛羌詣左馮翊梁並降。
In the second month Yuzhang Governor Yu Xu was convicted of graft, jailed, and died. On yiyou a general amnesty was proclaimed. The people received noble rank plus grain and silk in graded amounts. Princes and marquises had confiscated households and towns returned to their fiefs. Prince Dao of Pengcheng died. Defector Qiang bands came to Liang Bing, chief of Zuo Fengyi, and surrendered.
116
三月，九江賊馬勉稱『黃帝』。 九江都尉滕撫討馬勉、范容、周生，大破斬之。 夏四月壬申，雩。 庚辰，濟北王安薨。 丹陽賊陸宮等圍城，燒亭寺，丹陽太守江漢擊破之。
In the third month Jiujiang rebel Ma Mian proclaimed himself the Yellow Emperor. Jiujiang Commandant Teng Fu attacked Ma Mian, Fan Rong, and Zhou Sheng, shattered their forces, and took their heads. On renshen in the fourth summer month the court held the great rain ceremony. On gengchen Prince An of Jibei died. Danyang raiders led by Lu Gong ringed a county seat and torched postal stations and offices until Governor Jiang Han defeated them.
117
五月甲午，詔曰：『朕以不德，託母天下，布政不明，每失厥中。 自春涉夏，大旱炎赫，憂心京京，故得禱祈明祀，冀蒙潤澤。 前雖得雨，而宿麥頗傷； 比日陰雲，還復開霽。 寤寐永歎，重懷慘結。 將二千石、令、長不崇寬和。 暴刻之為乎？ 其令中都官繫囚罪非殊死考未竟者，一切任出，以須立秋。 郡國有名山大澤能興雲雨者，二千石長吏各絜齊請禱，謁誠盡禮。 又兵役連年，死亡流離，或支骸不斂，或停棺莫收，朕甚愍焉。 昔文王葬枯骨，人賴其德。 今遣使者案行，若無家屬及貧無資者，隨宜賜恤，以慰孤魂。』
On jiawu in the fifth month an edict read: "We are without merit; entrusted to Our mother We rule the world, yet Our policies stay clouded and We miss the golden mean. From spring through summer drought has scorched the land; Our mind is never at rest, hence We have sacrificed at the great shrines, begging for rain. Earlier showers came too late for the winter wheat, which suffered badly; lately gray skies have broken into clear sun again. We toss and sigh without cease; sorrow ties Our heart in knots. Perhaps the governors, magistrates, and chiefs have abandoned the way of leniency. Or are cruelty and grinding exactions to blame? Therefore capital jail inmates not sentenced to death whose cases are unfinished shall be freed on bond until the qi Beginning of Autumn. Where a commandery boasts peaks and lakes that draw rain, its governor must fast, pray, and observe the full ritual with utter sincerity. War has dragged on for years, scattering the dead and the living; bones lie in the open and coffins wait in the lanes—We grieve for them all. King Wen of old gathered up dry bones for burial, and the realm trusted his virtue. We now dispatch inspectors: where kin are absent or the poor cannot afford rites, give aid as fit, that wandering souls may find peace."
118
是月，下邳人謝安應募擊徐鳳等，斬之。
That month Xie An of Xiapi, answering the recruitment call, struck Xu Feng's band and cut off their heads.
119
丙辰，詔曰：『孝殤皇帝雖不永休祚，而即位踰年，君臣禮成。 孝安皇帝承襲統業，而前世遂令恭陵在康陵之上，先後相踰，失其次序，非所以奉宗廟之重，垂無窮之制。 昔定公追正順祀，《春秋》善之。 其令恭陵次康陵，憲陵次恭陵，以序親秩，為萬世法。』
On bingchen an edict stated: "Emperor Shang, though his allotted reign was short, had completed more than a full year on the throne; the courtesies owed sovereign and subject were satisfied. Emperor An continued the unified line, yet a prior reign had sited Gong mausoleum above Kang, inverting the proper order of senior and junior—hardly the way to honor the ancestral shrines or fix precedent for ages to come. When Duke Ding of Lu rectified the sequence of mortuary worship, the 《Spring and Autumn Annals》 approved the deed. Therefore Gong tomb shall stand junior to Kang, and Xian junior to Gong, restoring the ladder of kinship as a norm for all time."
120
六月，鮮卑寇代郡。 秋七月庚寅，阜陵王代薨。 廬江盜賊攻尋陽，又攻盱台，滕撫遣司馬王章擊破之。 九月庚戌，太傅趙峻薨。
In the sixth month Xianbei horsemen invaded Dai Commandery. On gengyin in the seventh autumn month Prince Dai of Fuling died. Lujiang rebels stormed Xunyang and Yutai until Teng Fu's major Wang Zhang routed them. On gengxu in the ninth month Grand Tutor Zhao Jun died.
121
冬十一月己丑，南陽太守韓昭坐贓下獄死。 丙午，中郎將滕撫擊廣陵賊張嬰，破之。 丁未，中郎將趙序坐事弃市。
On jichou in the eleventh winter month Nanyang Governor Han Zhao was convicted of corruption and died in prison. On bingwu Central Army commander Teng Fu campaigned against Zhang Ying of Guangling and broke his force. On dingwei Central Army commander Zhao Xu was executed in the marketplace for misconduct.
122
歷陽賊華孟自稱『黑帝』，攻殺九江太守楊岑，滕撫率諸將擊孟等，大破斬之。
Hua Meng of Liyang called himself the Black Emperor, murdered Jiujiang Governor Yang Cen, then fell to Teng Fu's generals, who destroyed his army and took his head.
123
本初元年春正月丙申，詔曰：『昔堯命四子，以欽天道，《鴻範》九疇，休咎有象。 夫瑞以和降，異因逆感，禁微應大，前聖所重。 頃者，州郡輕慢憲防，競逞殘暴，造設科條，陷入無罪。 或以喜怒驅逐長吏，恩阿所私，罰枉仇隙，至令守闕訴訟，前後不絕。 送故迎新，人離其害，怨氣傷和，以致灾眚。 《書》云：「明德慎罰。 」方春東作，育微敬始。 其勑有司，罪非殊死，且勿案驗，以崇在寬。』
In the first Benchu year, on bingshen in the first spring month, an edict recalled: "Yao once appointed four ministers to align the realm with Heaven's pattern; the nine divisions of the 《Hong Fan》 showed how fortune and reproof mirror conduct. Good portents arrive when harmony rules; ill omens track defiance of Heaven; curbing small excesses averts great disaster—so the sages taught. Yet lately governors have sneered at the code, outdone one another in brutality, and invented clauses to ensnare the innocent. Some remove magistrates on a whim, show favor to cronies, and punish foes without justice, until litigants block the palace gate without end. Constant turnover of officials tears people from their homes; malice poisons harmony and invites calamity. The 《Book of Documents》 urges rulers to clarify bright virtue and handle punishments with scrupulous care. Spring calls forth the work of the east; it is time to foster small beginnings and honor renewal. Tell every bureau: suspend inquests for non-capital cases for now, that the policy of mercy may prevail."
124
壬子，廣陵太守王喜坐討賊逗留，下獄死。
On renzi Guangling Governor Wang Xi was jailed and died for dawdling on anti-bandit duty.
125
二月庚辰，詔曰：『九江、廣陵二郡數離寇害，殘夷最甚。 生者失其資業。 死者委屍原野。 昔之為政，一物不得其所，若己為之，況我元元，嬰此困毒。 方春戒節，賑濟乏戹，掩骼埋胔之時。 其調比郡見穀，出稟窮弱，收葬枯骸，務加埋卹，以稱朕意。』
On gengchen in the second month an edict read: "Jiujiang and Guangling have been ravaged again and again; nowhere is the slaughter worse. Survivors have lost their farms and trades. Corpses lie unburied on the open field. Ancient kings held that if one thing were out of joint they bore the blame themselves; how much more must We answer for Our people trapped in such agony. Spring's discipline is the season to feed the hungry and gather the dead for burial. Requisition grain from neighboring counties, issue it to the feeble, and bury the bleaching bones with care—do this in earnest, that Our intent may be honored."
126
夏四月庚辰，令郡國舉明經，年五十以上、七十以上詣太學。 自大將軍至六百石，皆遣子受業，歲滿課試，以高第五人補郎中，次五人太子舍人。 又千石、六百石、四府掾屬、三署郎、四姓小侯先能通經者，各令隨家法，其高第者上名牒，當以次賞進。
On gengchen in the fourth summer month commanderies and kingdoms were told to send Classicists aged from fifty to seventy sui to study at the Imperial University. Every official from the Grand General down to six hundred piculs had to enroll sons for coursework; at year's end the top five examinees became gentlemen of the court, the next five gentlemen-in-waiting of the heir apparent. Likewise thousand- and six-hundred-picul officers, staff of the four offices, gentlemen of the three corps, and four-clan cadet marquises who already knew the canon were to study their household school; top graduates filed nominal rolls for graded promotion.
127
五月庚寅，徙樂安王為勃海王。
On gengyin in the fifth month the Prince of Le'an was reassigned as Prince of Bohai.
128
海水溢。 戊申，使謁者案行，收葬樂安、北海人為水所漂沒死者，又稟給貧羸。 庚戌，太白犯熒惑。 六月丁巳，大赦天下，賜民爵及粟、帛各有差。
The sea breached its banks and flooded the coast. On wushen court heralds toured the flood zone, collecting the bodies of Le'an and Beihai victims the waters had carried off for decent burial, while grain went to the destitute and starving. On gengxu Venus drew near Mars in the sky. On dingsi in the sixth month a general amnesty was declared, together with graded gifts of noble rank, grain, and silk to the populace.
129
閏月甲申，大將軍梁冀潛行鴆弒，帝崩於玉堂前殿，年九歲。 丁亥，太尉李固免。 戊子，司徒胡廣為太尉，司空趙戒為司徒，與梁冀參錄尚書事。 太僕袁湯為司空。
On jiashen in the intercalary month Grand General Liang Ji had the boy emperor murdered with poisoned wine in the Jade Hall antechamber; he was nine years old. On dinghai Grand Commandant Li Gu was removed from office. On wuzi Hu Guang rose from Minister of Education to Grand Commandant, Zhao Jie from Minister of Works to Minister of Education, both joining Liang Ji in oversight of the Masters of Writing. Grand Coachman Yuan Tang was appointed Minister of Works.
130
贊曰：孝順初立，時髦允集。 匪砥匪革，終淪嬖習。 保阿傳土，后家世及。 沖夭未識，質弒以聰。 陵折在運，天緒三終。
The summation reads: at Emperor Shun's accession the realm's ablest men gathered about him. Yet they neither sharpened their character nor changed their ways, and the court slid at last into the clique of bedchamber favorites. Women of the inner palace and their patrons passed the throne hand to hand, while the Liang consort clan inherited authority reign after reign. Emperor Chong was cut off in infancy before he could understand governance; Emperor Zhi was assassinated because his sharp mind threatened his handlers. The fate of the imperial tombs mirrored the turn of the times; three successive boy emperors saw the heavenly succession brought to a sudden end.