1
孝桓皇帝諱志，肅宗曾孫也。 祖父河間孝王開，父蠡吾侯翼，母匽氏。 翼卒，帝襲爵為侯。
The emperor later canonized as Xiaohuan bore the personal name Zhi and was a great-grandson of Emperor Zhang. His grandfather was Liu Kai, posthumously titled Prince Xiao of Hejian; his father was Liu Yi, Marquis of Liyi; his mother was a Lady of the Yan clan. When Liu Yi died, he succeeded to the marquisate.
2
本初元年，梁太后徵帝到夏門亭，將妻以女弟。 會質帝崩，太后遂與兄大將軍冀定策禁中，閏月庚寅，使冀持節，以王青蓋車迎帝入南宮，其日即皇帝位，時年十五。 太后猶臨朝政。
In the first year of Benchu (146), Empress Dowager Liang summoned him to Xiamen Pavilion, intending to marry him to her younger sister. When Emperor Zhi died, the empress dowager and her brother Grand General Liang Ji chose the next ruler inside the palace. On gengyin in the intercalary month she had Liang Ji, credential staff in hand, receive him in a royal carriage with the green canopy and escort him into the Southern Palace; he mounted the throne that same day, at the age of fifteen. The empress dowager continued to hold the reins of government.
3
辛巳，謁高廟、光武廟。 丙戌，詔曰：『孝廉、廉吏皆當典城牧民，禁奸舉善，興化之本，恒必由之。 詔書連下，分明懇惻，而在所翫習，遂至怠慢，選舉乖錯，害及元元。 頃雖頗繩正，猶未懲改。 方今淮夷未殄，軍師屢出，百姓疲悴，困於徵發。 庶望群吏，惠我勞民，蠲滌貪穢，以祈休祥。 其令秩滿百石，十歲以上，有殊才異行，乃得參選。 臧吏子孫，不得察舉。 杜絕邪偽請託之原。 令廉白守道者得信其操。 各明守所司，將觀厥後。』
On the day xinsi he paid his respects at the shrines of Han Gaozu and Emperor Guangwu. On bingxu he issued an edict: "Men recommended as Filial and Incorrupt and officials noted for integrity are meant to govern districts and care for the people, curb wrongdoing and encourage virtue; civilizing the realm always begins with them." Edict after edict has spelled this out in plain, urgent terms, yet local offices treat it as routine and grow slack; recommendations go wrong, and ordinary folk pay the price. Some abuses have lately been checked, but the lesson has not sunk in. The Huai region is still unsettled, campaigns follow one another, and the people are worn down by taxes and drafts. I look to every official to show mercy to a burdened populace, root out corruption, and so help bring peace and good fortune. Henceforth only those who have held rank of at least one hundred shi for ten years or more, and who show exceptional ability or conduct, may stand for recommendation. Descendants of officials convicted of corruption are barred from candidacy. Cut off at the root the traffic in favoritism and fraud. Let honest men who hold to principle know their integrity will be trusted. Each of you must be clear in your duties; I shall be watching what follows."
4
九月戊戌，追尊皇祖河間孝王曰孝穆皇，夫人趙氏曰孝穆皇后，皇考蠡吾侯曰孝崇皇。 冬十月甲午，尊皇母匽氏為孝崇博園貴人。
On wuxu in the ninth month he posthumously elevated his grandfather, Prince Xiao of Hejian, to the temple name Xiaomu; Lady Zhao became Empress Xiaomu; his father, Marquis of Liyi, was honored as Emperor Xiaochong. In the tenth month, on jiawu, he raised his mother, Lady Yan, to the title Honored Lady of the Xiaochong park precinct.
5
建和元年春正月辛亥朔，日有食之。 詔三公、九卿、校尉各言得失。 戊午，大赦天下。 賜吏更勞一歲； 男子爵，人二級，為父後及三老、孝悌、力田人三級； 鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤癃、貧不能自存者粟，人五斛； 貞婦帛，人三匹。 灾害所傷什四以上，勿收田租； 其不滿者，以實除之。
In the first year of Jianhe (147), on new year's day, the first of the first month (xinhai), a solar eclipse occurred. He ordered the Three Dukes, the Nine Ministers, and the colonels each to memorialize on what was right and wrong in government. On wuwu he proclaimed a general amnesty. Officials were granted an extra year's seniority for merit; commoner men received two ranks in the nobility; heirs, village elders, models of filial piety and brotherly duty, and outstanding farmers received three; widowers, widows, orphans, the childless, the seriously disabled, and the destitute were given grain, five hu per person; virtuous widows received three bolts of silk each. Where calamity had destroyed forty percent or more of the crop, field tax was remitted; where the loss fell short of that fraction, remission was scaled to the actual damage.
6
二月，荊、揚二州人多餓死，遣四府掾分行賑給。 沛國言黃龍見譙。
In the second month starvation killed many people in Jing and Yang; he sent out staff from the four chief offices to distribute relief by circuit. Pei commandery reported a yellow dragon sighting at Qiao.
7
夏四月庚寅，京師地震。 詔大將軍、公、卿、校尉舉賢良方正、能直言極諫者各一人。 又命列侯、將、大夫、御史、謁者、千石、六百石、博士、議郎、郎官各上封事，指陳得失。 又詔大將軍、公、卿、郡、國舉至孝篤行之士各一人。 壬辰，詔州郡不得迫脅驅逐長吏。 長吏臧滿三十萬而不糾舉者，刺史、二千石以縱避為罪。 若有擅相假印綬者，與殺人同弃市論。 丙午，詔郡國繫囚減死罪一等，勿笞。 唯謀反大逆，不用此書。 又詔曰：『比起陵塋，彌歷時歲，力役既廣，徒隸尤勤。 頃雨澤不沾，密雲復散，儻或在茲。 其令徒作陵者減刑各六月。』
In the fourth month, on gengyin, the capital was struck by an earthquake. He ordered the Grand General, the dukes, ministers, and colonels each to nominate one candidate of outstanding integrity willing to speak truth to power. Marquises, generals, senior officials down to six hundred shi, erudits, advisory gentlemen, and court gentlemen were each told to file sealed memorials on the state of government. He also told the Grand General, the Three Dukes, ministers, and every commandery and kingdom each to recommend one man famed for filial devotion and steadfast character. On renchen he forbade provincial and commandery authorities to hound senior local officials out of office. If a magistrate's bribes reached three hundred thousand cash and his superiors failed to impeach him, the regional inspector and the two-thousand-shi governor were held liable for covering it up. Anyone who lent official seals and credentials without authority was to be executed in the marketplace like a murderer. On bingwu he ordered commanderies and kingdoms to commute capital sentences by one degree and to waive corporal punishment for those affected. The order did not apply to treason or comparable capital crimes. Another edict ran: "Work on the imperial tombs has dragged on for years, the draft of labor is heavy, and the convict gangs are worn to the bone." Rain has failed to fall though clouds gather and break; perhaps the fault lies here. Let every convict laboring on the tombs have his sentence shortened by six months."
8
是月，立阜陵王代兄勃遒亭侯便為阜陵王。 郡國六地裂，水涌井溢。 芝草生中黃藏府。 六月，太尉胡廣罷，大司農杜喬為太尉。 秋七月，勃海王鴻薨，立帝弟蠡吾侯悝為勃海王。
That month Liu Bian, Marquis of Boqiu Pavilion and elder brother of King Dai of Fuling, was enthroned as the new King of Fuling. The earth split in six commanderies and kingdoms; springs burst forth and wells flooded over. Lingzhi sprouted in the imperial treasury known as the Central Yellow storehouse. In the sixth month Hu Guang was removed as Grand Commandant and Du Qiao, Minister of Finance, took his place. In the seventh month the King of Bohai, Liu Hong, died; the emperor's younger brother Liu Kui, Marquis of Liyi, was enthroned in Bohai.
9
八月乙未，立皇后梁氏。 九月丁卯，京師地震。 太尉杜喬免。
On yiwei in the eighth month he took Lady Liang as empress. On dingmao in the ninth month the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Du Qiao was removed from the office of Grand Commandant.
10
冬十月，司徒趙戒為太尉，司空袁湯為司徒，前太尉胡廣為司空。
In the tenth month Zhao Jie rose from Minister of Education to Grand Commandant; Yuan Tang moved from Minister of Works to Minister of Education; Hu Guang, lately Grand Commandant, became Minister of Works.
11
十一月，濟陰言有五色大鳥見於己氏。 戊午，減天下死罪一等，戍邊。
In the eleventh month Jiyin commandery reported a large many-colored bird at Yishi. On wuwu capital sentences throughout the realm were commuted by one degree and the convicts sent to frontier garrison duty.
12
清河劉文反，殺國相射暠，欲立清河王蒜為天子； 事覺伏誅。 蒜坐貶為尉氏候，徙桂陽，自殺。 前太尉李固、杜喬皆下獄死。 陳留盜賊李堅自稱皇帝，伏誅。
Liu Wen of Qinghe rose in revolt, murdered Chancellor She Hao, and meant to set Liu Suan, the King of Qinghe, on the throne; the plot was uncovered and they were put to death. Liu Suan was stripped of his kingship, reduced to Marquis of Weishi, transferred to Guiyang, and took his own life. The former Grand Commandants Li Gu and Du Qiao were thrown into prison and died there. In Chenliu the outlaw Li Jian declared himself emperor and was put to death.
13
二年春正月甲子，皇帝加元服。 庚午，大赦天下。 賜河間、勃海二王黃金各百斤，彭城諸國王各五十斤； 公主、大將軍、三公、特進、侯、中二千石、二千石、將、大夫、郎吏、從官、四姓及梁、鄧小侯、諸夫人以下帛，各有差。 年八十以上賜米、酒、肉，九十以上加帛二匹，綿三斤。
In the second year of Jianhe, on jiazi in the first month, the emperor came of age and received the adult cap. On gengwu he proclaimed a general amnesty. The kings of Hejian and Bohai each received a hundred jin of gold; the kings of the Pengcheng cluster of fiefs received fifty jin each; princesses, the Grand General, the Three Dukes, specially advanced nobles, marquises, officials from two thousand shi down through generals, grandees, court gentlemen and attendants, the consort clans and the junior Liang and Deng marquises, and the imperial ladies received silk in graded amounts. Commoners eighty or older received grain, wine, and meat; those ninety or older received two extra bolts of silk and three jin of cotton.
14
三月戊辰，帝從皇太后幸大將軍梁冀府。 白馬羌寇廣漢屬國，殺長吏，益州刺史率板楯蠻討破之。
On wuchen in the third month the emperor accompanied the empress dowager on a visit to Grand General Liang Ji's residence. Baima Qiang tribesmen attacked the Guanghan dependent state and killed local officials; the inspector of Yi led Shield-board auxiliaries and routed them.
15
夏四月丙子，封帝弟碩為平原王，奉孝崇皇祀。 尊孝崇皇夫人馬氏為孝崇園貴人。 嘉禾生大司農帑藏。 五月癸丑，北宮掖廷中德陽殿及左掖門火，車駕移幸南宮。
On bingzi in the fourth month he created his brother Liu Shuo King of Pingyuan to maintain the temple of Emperor Xiaochong. Lady Ma, consort of the late Emperor Xiaochong, was raised to Honored Lady of the Xiaochong park precinct. Twin-eared grain sprouted in the Minister of Finance's granaries—an omen of abundance. On guichou in the fifth month fire destroyed Deyang Hall and the left lateral gate in the Northern Palace harem; the court removed to the Southern Palace.
16
六月，改清河為甘陵，立安平王得子經侯理為甘陵王。 秋七月，京師大水。 河東言木連理。
In the sixth month Qinghe was renamed Ganling, and Liu Li, Marquis of Jing and son of King De of Anping, was installed as King of Ganling. In the seventh month the capital was inundated by severe floods. Hedong reported the auspicious sign of interfused trees.
17
冬十月，長平陳景自號『黃帝子』，署置官屬，又南頓管伯亦稱『真人』，並圖舉兵，悉伏誅。
In the tenth month Chen Jing of Changping styled himself the Yellow Emperor's heir and set up a shadow government; Guan Bo of Nandun declared himself a "Perfected Man"; both planned rebellion and were put to death.
18
三年春三月甲申，彭城王定薨。 夏四月丁卯晦，日有食之。
On jiashen in the third month of the third year of Jianhe, Liu Ding, King of Pengcheng, died. On the last day of the fourth month, dingmao, a solar eclipse occurred.
19
五月乙亥，詔曰：『蓋聞天生蒸民，不能相理，為之立君，使司牧之。 君道得於下，則休祥著乎上； 庶事失其序，則咎徵見乎象。 間者，日食毀缺，陽光晦暗，朕祗懼潛思，匪遑啟處。 傳不云乎：「日食修德，月食修刑。 」昔孝章帝愍前世禁徙，故建初之元，並蒙恩澤，流徙者使還故郡，沒入者免為庶民。 先皇德政，可不務乎！ 其自永建元年迄乎今歲，凡諸妖惡，支親從坐，及吏民減死徙邊者，悉歸本郡； 唯沒入者不從此令。』
On yihai in the fifth month an edict declared: "Heaven begat the myriad people, yet they cannot order themselves; a sovereign is set over them to rule and nurture them." When the ruler's conduct is sound among those below, good omens appear on high; when government falls into disorder, warning signs show themselves in Heaven and Earth. Lately a solar eclipse has dimmed the light of day; I stand in awe and brood night and day, unable to find rest. The classics tell us: "An eclipse of the sun calls for moral reform; an eclipse of the moon calls for a review of punishments." Emperor Zhang once lamented the harsh banishments of earlier reigns; at the opening of the Jianchu era (76–84) he extended a general amnesty—exiles went home, and those enslaved for their crimes were restored to commoner status. Surely we must follow such an example from our forebears! Therefore, from the first year of Yongjian (126) to the present, everyone sentenced for capital crimes of sorcery or the like, their kin punished by association, and all officials and commoners whose death sentences were commuted to frontier exile, may return to their home commanderies; those who had been confiscated into government servitude are excepted.
20
六月庚子，詔大將軍、三公、特進、侯，其與卿、校尉舉賢良方正、能直言極諫之士各一人。 乙卯，震憲陵寢屋。 秋七月庚申，廉縣雨肉。
On gengzi in the sixth month he directed the Grand General, the Three Dukes, specially advanced nobles, and marquises, jointly with the ministers and colonels, each to nominate one man of integrity outspoken enough to remonstrate fearlessly. On yimao an earthquake damaged the hall over Emperor Zhang's tomb at Xianling. On gengshen in the seventh month flesh fell from the sky in Lian county.
21
八月乙丑，有星孛於天市。 京師大水。
On yichou in the eighth month a comet appeared in the Celestial Market asterism. The capital was hit by serious flooding.
22
九月己卯，地震。 庚寅，地又震。 詔死罪以下及亡命者贖，各有差。 郡國五山崩。
On jimao in the ninth month the earth shook. On gengyin there was another tremor. He allowed commutation by fine for all crimes short of capital and for fugitives who surrendered, the amounts graded by offense. Landslides struck five commanderies and kingdoms.
23
冬十月，太尉趙戒免。 司徒袁湯為太尉，大司農河內張歆為司徒。
In the tenth month Zhao Jie was removed as Grand Commandant. Yuan Tang advanced from Minister of Education to Grand Commandant; Zhang Xin of Henei, Minister of Finance, succeeded him as Minister of Education.
24
十一月甲申，詔曰：『朕攝政失中，灾眚連仍，三光不明，陰陽錯序。 監寐寤歎，疢如疾首。 今京師廝舍，死者相枕，郡縣阡陌，處處有之，甚違周文掩胔之義。 其有家屬而貧無以葬者，給直，人三千，喪主布三匹； 若無親屬，可於官壖地葬之，表識姓名，為設祠祭。 又徙在作部，疾病致醫藥，死亡厚埋藏。 民有不能自振及流移者，稟穀如科。 州郡檢察，務崇恩施，以康我民。』
On jiashen in the eleventh month he issued an edict: "My government has strayed from the right course; calamities pile up one upon another; sun, moon, and stars shine wanly; yin and yang are out of joint." I lie awake sighing, my heart aching as with a splitting headache. In the capital the poor quarters are strewn with corpses head to heel; the same sight meets one on country roads throughout the commanderies—far from the compassion King Wen showed when he ordered the unburied dead gathered in. Where families are too destitute to bury their dead, grant three thousand cash per corpse and three bolts of cloth to the chief mourner; where there is no kin, bury them on unused public ground, record each name on a marker, and offer the prescribed sacrifices at the grave. Those reassigned to the convict workshops were to receive medical care when ill and a proper burial when they died. Anyone too destitute to get by, or displaced on the roads, was to be issued grain under the standing rules. Provinces and commanderies were to supervise relief closely, favor generous aid, and so restore the people to health.
25
和平元年春正月甲子，大赦天下，改元和平。
On jiazi in the first month of the first year of Heping, 150, he proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Heping.
26
乙丑，詔曰：『曩者遭家不造，先帝早世。 永惟大宗之重，深思嗣續之福，詢謀台輔，稽之兆占。 既建明哲，克定統業，天人協和，萬國咸寧。 元服已加，將即委付，而四方盜竊，頗有未靜，故假延臨政，以須安謐。 幸賴股肱禦侮之助，殘醜消蕩，民和年稔，普天率土，遐邇洽同。 遠覽「復子明辟」之義，近慕先姑歸授之法，及今令辰，皇帝稱制。 群公卿士，虔恭爾位，勠力一意，勉同斷金。 「展也大成」，則所望矣。』
On yichou an edict ran: "In days past Heaven did not smile on the house of Han, and the late emperor was taken while still young." I weighed the burden of the imperial line, the blessing of an heir, took counsel with the chief ministers, and sought guidance from the oracles. A wise sovereign was enthroned, the succession secured, Heaven and earth were in accord, and the realm knew peace. Once the emperor came of age I meant to hand over power at once, yet banditry in the provinces had not quite subsided, so I prolonged my regency until calm returned. Thanks to the loyal ministers who beat back disorder, the rebels were swept away, the crops ripened, and from the capital to the frontier the land was at one again. Taking the ancient precedent of restoring the grown heir to the throne, and following the example of my late predecessors who stepped aside, on this auspicious day the emperor takes the reins in his own name. You who hold rank under Heaven: keep your offices with devotion, pull together in one purpose, and be as metal cloven in unity. May the classic line hold true, that he who unfolds his virtue brings great peace—that is what I ask of you.
27
二月，扶風妖賊裴優自稱皇帝，伏誅。 甲寅，皇太后梁氏崩。 三月，車駕徙幸北宮。 甲午，葬順烈皇后。 夏五月庚辰，尊博園匽貴人曰孝崇皇后。 秋七月，梓潼山崩。
In the second month Pei You of Fufeng, a rebel who styled himself emperor, was put to death. On jiayin Empress Dowager Liang died. In the third month the court moved its residence to the Northern Palace. On jiawu Empress Shunlie was laid to rest. On gengchen in the fifth month Lady Yan of the Broad Park was raised to the title Empress Xiaochong. In the seventh month a landslide struck Zitong.
28
冬十一月辛巳，減天下死罪一等，徙邊戍。
On xinsi in the eleventh month capital sentences were commuted by one degree and the convicts sent to frontier garrison duty.
29
元嘉元年春正月，京師疾疫，使光祿大夫將醫藥案行。 癸酉，大赦天下，改元元嘉。 二月，九江、廬江大疫。 甲午，河間王建薨。 夏四月己丑，安平王得薨。
In the first month of the first year of Yuanjia, 151, plague broke out in the capital; he dispatched Household grandees with medicines to tour the wards and treat the sick. On guiyou he proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Yuanjia. In the second month Jiujiang and Lujiang were swept by a severe epidemic. On jiawu Liu Jian, King of Hejian, died. On jichou in the fourth month Liu De, King of Anping, died.
30
京師旱。 任城、梁國饑，民相食。 司徒張歆罷，光祿勳吳雄為司徒。 秋七月，武陵蠻叛。 冬十月，司空胡廣罷。
Drought gripped the capital. Famine in Rencheng and the state of Liang drove people to cannibalism. Zhang Xin was removed as Minister of Education; Wu Xiong, Household Minister, replaced him. In the seventh month the Wuling tribes rose in revolt. In the tenth month Hu Guang was dismissed as Minister of Works.
31
十一月辛巳，京師地震。 閏月庚午，任城王崇薨。 太常黃瓊為司空。
On xinsi in the eleventh month the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On gengwu in the intercalary month Liu Chong, King of Rencheng, died. Huang Qiong, Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Minister of Works.
32
二年春正月，西域長史王敬為于窴國所殺。 丙辰，京師地震。 夏四月甲寅，孝崇皇后匽氏崩。 庚午，常山王豹薨。
In the first month of the second year of Yuanjia Wang Jing, Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, was killed in Yutian. On bingchen the capital was struck by an earthquake. On jiayin in the fourth month Empress Xiaochong, Lady Yan, died. On gengwu Liu Bao, King of Changshan, died.
33
五月辛卯，葬孝崇皇后于博陵。 秋七月庚辰，日有食之。 八月，濟陰言黃龍見句陽，金城言黃龍見允街。 冬十月乙亥，京師地震。
On xinmao in the fifth month Empress Xiaochong was interred at Boling. On gengchen in the seventh month a solar eclipse occurred. In the eighth month Jiyin reported a yellow dragon at Gouyang and Jincheng reported another at Yunjie. On yihai in the tenth month the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
34
十一月，司空黃瓊免。 十二月，特進趙戒為司空。 右北平太守和旻坐臧，下獄死。 永興元年春二月，張掖言白鹿見。
In the eleventh month Huang Qiong was removed as Minister of Works. In the twelfth month Zhao Jie, Specially Advanced, was appointed Minister of Works. He Min, Administrator of Youbeiping, was imprisoned on a corruption charge and died there. In the second month of the first year of Yongxing, 153, Zhangye reported the sighting of a white deer.
35
三月丁亥，幸鴻池。
On dinghai in the third month he visited Hong Pool.
36
夏五月丙申，大赦天下，改元永興。 丁酉，濟南王廣薨，無子，國除。
On bingshen in the fifth month he proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Yongxing. On dingyou Liu Guang, King of Jinan, died without an heir and the kingdom was abolished.
37
秋七月，郡國三十二蝗。 河水溢。 百姓饑窮，流冗道路，至有數十萬戶，冀州尤甚。 詔在所賑給乏絕，安慰居業。
In the seventh month locusts infested thirty-two commanderies and kingdoms. The Yellow River burst its banks. The people starved and wandered the highways by the hundred thousand households; Ji Province suffered worst of all. He ordered local authorities to feed the destitute, comfort refugees, and help those who stayed home to keep their livelihoods.
38
冬十月，太尉袁湯免，太常胡廣為太尉。 司徒吳雄罷，司空趙戒免； 以太僕黃瓊為司徒，光祿勲房植為司空。 十一月丁丑，詔減天下死罪一等，徙邊戍。
In the tenth month Yuan Tang was removed as Grand Commandant and Hu Guang, Minister of Ceremonies, succeeded him. Wu Xiong stepped down as Minister of Education and Zhao Jie was dismissed as Minister of Works; Huang Qiong, Minister Coachman, became Minister of Education, and Fang Zhi, Household Minister, became Minister of Works. On dingchou in the eleventh month he ordered capital sentences commuted by one degree and the men sent to frontier garrison.
39
是歲，武陵太守應奉招誘叛蠻，降之。
That year Ying Feng, Administrator of Wuling, induced the rebel tribes to submit.
40
二年春正月甲午，大赦天下。
On jiawu in the first month of the second year of Yongxing he proclaimed a general amnesty.
41
二月辛丑，初聽刺史、二千石行三年喪服。 癸卯，京師地震，詔公、卿、校尉舉賢良方正、能直言極諫者各一人。 詔曰：『比者星辰謬越，坤靈震動，灾異之降，必不空發。 勑己修政，庶望有補。 其輿服制度有逾侈長飾者，皆宜損省。 郡縣務存儉約，申明舊令，如永平故事。』
On xinchou he first allowed regional inspectors and two-thousand-shi officials to observe the full three-year mourning for parents. On guimao an earthquake struck the capital; he ordered the Three Dukes, ministers, and colonels each to nominate one upright man willing to speak frankly. An edict declared: "Lately the stars have run awry and the earth has trembled; such portents are never sent without cause." I must discipline myself and set government aright, in hope of making amends. Any sumptuary rules that encourage lavish carriages, dress, or ornament are to be pared back. Commanderies and counties shall practice austerity, reissue the old regulations, and follow the model of the Yongping era.
42
六月，彭城泗水增長逆流。 詔司隸校尉、部刺史曰：『蝗灾為害，水變仍至，五穀不登，人無宿儲。 其令所傷郡國種蕪菁以助人食。 』京師蝗。 東海朐山崩。
In the sixth month the Si River near Pengcheng swelled and ran upstream. He told the Colonel Director of Retainers and the regional inspectors: "Locusts have ravaged the land, floods keep coming, the harvest fails, and households have no reserves." Let every stricken commandery and kingdom sow turnips to supplement the food supply. Locusts also swarmed the capital. Mount Qu in Donghai commandery collapsed in a landslide.
43
九月丁卯朔，日有食之。 詔曰：『朝政失中，雲漢作旱，川靈湧水，蝗螽孽蔓，殘我百穀，太陽虧光，飢饉薦臻。 其不被害郡縣，當為饑飢餒者儲。 天下一家，趣不糜爛，則為國寶。 其禁郡、國不得賣酒，祠祀裁足。』
On the first day of the ninth month, dingmao, a solar eclipse occurred. An edict ran: "Our policies have gone awry: drought has dried the skies, rivers have burst their banks, locusts and grasshoppers devour the crops, the sun has dimmed, and famine returns again and again." Commanderies and counties spared by disaster must lay up grain for the starving. The empire is one family: grain stockpiled before it rots is the state's true wealth. Commanderies and kingdoms are forbidden to sell wine; sacrifices are to be kept to the bare need.
44
太尉胡廣免，司徒黃瓊為太尉。 閏月，光祿勳尹頌為司徒。
Hu Guang was removed as Grand Commandant; Huang Qiong left the Ministry of Education to replace him. In the intercalary month Yin Song, Household Minister, was appointed Minister of Education.
45
減天下死罪一等，徙邊戍。 蜀郡李伯詐稱宗室，當立為『太初皇帝』，伏誅。
Capital sentences throughout the realm were commuted by one degree and the convicts banished to the frontier. Li Bo of Shu pretended to imperial descent and declared himself Grand Inception Emperor; he was executed.
46
冬十一月甲辰，校獵上林苑，遂至函谷關，賜所過道傍年九十以上錢，各有差。 太山、琅邪賊公孫舉等反叛，殺長吏。
In the eleventh month, on jiachen, he hunted in Shanglin Park and rode as far as Hangu Pass, giving cash in graded amounts to every nonagenarian along the route. Gongsun Ju and his followers rebelled in Taishan and Langye and murdered local officials.
47
永壽元年春正月戊申，大赦天下，改元永壽。
On wushen in the first month of the first year of Yongshou, 155, he proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Yongshou.
48
二月，司隸、冀州飢，人相食。 勑州郡賑給貧弱。 若王侯吏民有積穀者，一切貣十分之三，以助稟貸； 其百姓吏民者，以見錢雇直。 王侯須新租乃償。
In the second month famine in the capital region and Ji Province drove people to cannibalism. He ordered the provinces and commanderies to relieve the destitute. Princes, marquises, officials, and commoners with grain in store were required to lend three tenths of their holdings for relief distribution; Commoners who surrendered grain from their stores were to be paid in cash at a fair price. Princes and marquises might defer repayment until the new harvest rent came in.
49
夏四月，白烏見齊國。
In the fourth month a white crow appeared in the state of Qi.
50
六月，洛水溢，壞鴻德苑。 南陽大水。 司空房植免，太常韓縯為司空。
In the sixth month the Luo flooded and wrecked Hongde Park. Nanyang was inundated by severe floods. Fang Zhi was dismissed as Minister of Works; Han Yan, Minister of Ceremonies, took the post.
51
詔太山、琅邪遇賊者，勿收租、賦，復更、筭三年。 又詔被水死流失屍骸者，令郡縣鉤求收葬； 及所唐突壓溺物故，七歲以上賜錢，人二千。 壞敗廬舍，亡失穀食，尤貧者稟，人二斛。』
He ordered that in Taishan and Langye districts hit by banditry no rent or taxes be collected and corvée and poll tax be waived for three years. He also told commanderies and counties to recover and bury corpses washed away in the flood; Anyone seven sui or older killed in the stampede or drowning was granted two thousand cash toward funeral expenses. Where homes and grain stores were destroyed, the neediest were issued two hu per person.
52
巴郡、益州郡山崩。 秋七月，初置太山、琅邪都尉官。
Landslides struck Ba commandery and Yizhou commandery. In the seventh month chief commandant posts were first created for Taishan and Langye.
53
南匈奴左薁鞬臺耆、且渠伯德等叛，寇美稷，安定屬國都尉張奐討除之。 二年春正月，初聽中官得行三年服。 二月甲申，東海王臻薨。 三月，蜀郡屬國夷叛。
Taiqi of the left Yujian wing and Quchu Bode of the Southern Xiongnu rebelled and raided Meiji; Zhang Huan, chief commandant of the Anding dependent state, destroyed them. In the first month of the second year of Yongshou he first allowed eunuch officials to observe the full three-year mourning for parents. On jiashen in the second month Liu Zhen, King of Donghai, died. In the third month the tribesmen of the Shu dependent state rose in rebellion.
54
秋七月，鮮卑寇雲中。 太山賊公孫舉等寇青、兗、徐二州，遣中郎將段颎討，破斬之。 冬十一月，置太官右監丞官。 十二月，京師地震。
In the seventh month Xianbei horsemen raided Yunzhong. Gongsun Ju’s Taishan rebels swept through Qing, Yan, and Xu; Duan Jiong was sent against them, crushed their forces, and beheaded the leaders. In the eleventh month the court created the post of right assistant supervisor of the Grand Provisioner. In the twelfth month the capital was struck by an earthquake.
55
三年春正月己未，大赦天下。
On jiwei in the first month of the third year of Yongshou he proclaimed a general amnesty.
56
夏四月，九真蠻夷叛，太守兒式討之，戰歿； 遣九真都尉魏朗擊破之。 復屯據日南。 閏月庚辰晦，日有食之。 六月，初以小黃門為守宮令，置冗從右僕射官。
In the fourth month the tribes of Jiuzhen rose; Administrator Ni Shi marched against them and fell in battle; Chief Commandant Wei Lang of Jiuzhen was then sent and broke their host. They regrouped and occupied Rinan. At month’s end, gengchen in the intercalary month, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth month a junior yellow gate was first appointed Keeper of the Palace, and the post of supernumerary attendant right vice director was created.
57
京師蝗。 秋七月，河東地裂。 冬十一月，司徒尹頌薨。 長沙蠻叛，寇益陽。 司空韓縯為司徒，太常北海孫朗為司空。
Locusts swarmed the capital. In the seventh month the earth split open in Hedong. In the eleventh month Yin Song, Minister of Education, died. Changsha tribesmen rose and plundered Yiyang. Han Yan moved from Minister of Works to Minister of Education; Sun Lang of Beihai, Minister of Ceremonies, became Minister of Works.
58
延熹元年春三月己酉，初置鴻德苑令。 夏五月己酉，大會公卿以下，賞賜各有差。 甲戌晦，日有食之。 京師蝗。
On jiyou in the third month of the first year of Yanxi, 158, the office of keeper of Hongde Park was first instituted. On jiyou in the fifth month he held a great audience for the dukes and all below and distributed gifts by rank. On the last day of the month, jiaxu, a solar eclipse occurred. Locusts again infested the capital.
59
六月戊寅，大赦天下，改元延熹。 丙戌，分中山置博陵郡，以奉孝崇皇園陵。 大雩。 秋七月己巳，雲陽地裂。 甲子，太尉黃瓊免，太常胡廣為太尉。
On wuyin in the sixth month he proclaimed a general amnesty and adopted the era name Yanxi. On bingxu Boling commandery was carved out of Zhongshan to maintain the tombs of Emperor Xiaochong. The court performed the great rain ceremony. On jisi in the seventh month the earth split at Yunyang. On jiazi Huang Qiong was removed as Grand Commandant and Hu Guang, Minister of Ceremonies, replaced him.
60
冬十月，校獵廣成，遂幸上林苑。 十二月，鮮卑寇邊，使匈奴中郎將張奐率南單于擊破之。
In the tenth month he hunted at Guangcheng and then visited Shanglin Park. In the twelfth month Xianbei raiders struck the border; Zhang Huan, General of the Household for Dependent States, led the Southern Shanyu and routed them.
61
二年春二月，鮮卑寇鴈門。 己亥，阜陵王便薨。 蜀郡夷寇蠶陵，殺縣令。
In the second month of the second year of Yanxi the Xianbei attacked Yanmen. On jihai Liu Bian, King of Fuling, died. Tribesmen of Shu commandery attacked Canling and slew the magistrate.
62
三月，復斷刺史、二千石行三年喪。 夏，京師雨水。 六月，鮮卑寇遼東。
In the third month the court again forbade regional inspectors and two-thousand-shi officials to observe the full three-year mourning. That summer the capital saw prolonged rains. In the sixth month Xianbei horsemen raided Liaodong.
63
秋七月，初造顯陽苑，置丞。 丙午，皇后梁氏崩。 乙丑，葬懿獻皇后于懿陵。
In the seventh month work began on Xianyang Park, with an assistant keeper appointed. On bingwu Empress Liang died. On yichou Empress Yixian was interred at Yiling.
64
大將軍梁冀謀為亂。 八月丁丑，帝御前殿，詔司隸校尉張彪將兵圍冀第，收大將軍印綬，冀與妻皆自殺。 衛尉梁淑、河南尹梁胤、屯騎校尉梁讓、越騎校尉梁忠、長水校尉梁戟等，及中外宗親數十人，皆伏誅。 太尉胡廣坐免。 司徒韓縯、司空孫朗下獄。
Grand General Liang Ji plotted a coup. On dingchou in the eighth month the emperor sat in the front hall and ordered Zhang Biao, Colonel Director of Retainers, to surround Liang Ji’s residence with troops, seize the seals of office, whereupon Liang Ji and his wife took their own lives. Liang Shu, Commandant of the Guards, Liang Yin, Governor of Henan, and the Liang clan colonels of the several cavalry guards, with dozens of kinsmen inside and outside the court, were all put to death. Hu Guang was dismissed as Grand Commandant for his ties to the Liang faction. Han Yan, Minister of Education, and Sun Lang, Minister of Works, were thrown into prison.
65
壬午，立皇后鄧氏，追廢懿陵為貴人冢。 詔曰：『梁冀奸暴，濁亂王室。 孝質皇帝聰敏早茂，冀心懷忌畏，私行殺毒。 永樂太后親尊莫二，冀又遏絕，禁還京師，使朕離母子之愛，隔顧復之恩。 禍害深大，罪釁日滋。 賴宗廟之靈，及中常侍單超、徐璜、具瑗、左悺、唐衡、尚書令尹勳等激憤建策，內外協同，漏刻之間，桀逆梟夷。 斯誠社稷之佑，臣下之力，宜班慶賞，以酬忠勳。 其封超等五人為縣侯，勛等七人為亭侯。 』於是舊故恩私，多受封爵。
On renwu he took Lady Deng as empress and reduced Empress Liang’s Yiling tomb to the burial mound of an honored lady. An edict declared: "Liang Ji was treacherous and cruel and brought chaos to the imperial house." Emperor Zhi was bright and precocious; Liang Ji feared him and had him murdered in secret. The Dowager of Yongle stood second to none in kinship and rank; Liang Ji cut her off from the court and barred her return to the capital, severing me from a mother’s love and the care I owed her. The harm he did was grave and his crimes mounted by the day. Through the spirits of the ancestors and the resolve of the eunuch advisers Shan Chao, Xu Huang, Ju Yuan, Zuo Guan, Tang Heng, and Yin Xun, Prefect of Masters of Writing, court and camp acted as one, and within moments the traitor was destroyed. This was Heaven’s blessing on the dynasty and the ministers’ doing; rewards should go forth to repay their loyal service. Shan Chao and his four companions were each enfeoffed as county marquises; Yin Xun and six others each as pavilion marquises. Many who had long enjoyed private favor with the Liang were now showered with titles.
66
大司農黃瓊為太尉，光祿大夫中山祝恬為司徒，大鴻臚梁國盛允為司空。 初置秘書監官。 冬十月壬申，行幸長安。 乙酉，幸未中宮。 甲午，祠高廟。 十一月庚子，遂有事十一陵。
Huang Qiong became Grand Commandant; Zhu Tian of Zhongshan, Grandee of the Household, became Minister of Education; Sheng Yun of Liang, Grand Herald, became Minister of Works. The post of director of the Palace Library was created for the first time. On renshen in the tenth month he journeyed to Chang’an. On yiyou he visited Weiyang Palace in Chang’an. On jiawu he offered sacrifice at Gaozu’s temple. On gengzi in the eleventh month he performed the imperial rites at the eleven Western Han tombs.
67
壬寅，中常侍單超為車騎將軍。
On renyin Shan Chao, a palace attendant, was made General of Chariots and Cavalry.
68
十二月己巳，至自長安，賜長安民粟人十斛，園陵人五斛，行所過縣三斛。 燒當等八種羌叛，寇隴右，護羌校尉段颎追擊於羅亭，破之。 天竺國來獻。
On jisi in the twelfth month he returned from Chang’an, giving the capital’s people ten hu of grain each, five hu to those who tended the tombs, and three hu to each county along his route. Eight Qiang tribes led by Shao Dang rebelled in Longyou; Duan Jiong, Colonel Protector of the Qiang, overtook them at Luoting and broke their power. Envoys from India arrived with tribute.
69
三年春正月丙申，大赦天下。 丙午，車騎將軍單超薨。
On bingshen in the first month of the third year of Yanxi he proclaimed a general amnesty. On bingwu Shan Chao, General of Chariots and Cavalry, died.
70
閏月，燒何羌叛，寇張掖，護羌校尉段颎追擊於積石，大破之。 白馬令李雲坐直諫，下獄死。 夏四月，上郡言甘露降。 五月甲戌，漢中山崩。
In the intercalary month the Shao He Qiang rose against Zhangye; Duan Jiong ran them down at Jishi and won a crushing victory. Li Yun, magistrate of Baima, was jailed for outspoken criticism and died there. In the fourth month Shangjun reported that sweet dew had fallen. On jiaxu in the fifth month a mountain at Hanzhong collapsed in a landslide.
71
六月辛丑，司徒祝恬薨。 秋七月，司空盛允為司徒，太常虞放為司空。 長沙蠻寇郡界。
On xinchou in the sixth month Zhu Tian, Minister of Education, died. In the seventh month Sheng Yun advanced from Minister of Works to Minister of Education; Yu Fang, Minister of Ceremonies, became Minister of Works. Changsha tribesmen raided the frontier of the commandery.
72
九月，太山、琅邪賊勞丙等復叛，寇掠百姓。 遣御史中丞趙某持節督州郡討之。 丁亥，詔無事之官權絕奉，豐年如故。 冬十一月，日南蠻賊率眾詣郡降。 勒姐羌圍允街，段颎擊破之。
In the ninth month Lao Bing and other bandits in Taishan and Langye rose again and plundered the populace. Zhao Mou, Grandee Secretary of the Household, was sent with credential staff to direct provincial forces against the rebels. On dinghai he ordered idle offices to forgo stipends for the time being, resuming full pay only in a bumper year. In the eleventh month Rinan rebels brought their followers to the commandery seat and submitted. The Lejie Qiang surrounded Yunjie; Duan Jiong relieved the town and routed them.
73
太山賊叔孫無忌攻殺都尉侯章。 十二月，遣中郎將宗資討破之。
The Taishan rebel Shusun Wuji slew Chief Commandant Hou Zhang. In the twelfth month Zong Zi, General of the Household, was sent and crushed the bandits.
74
武陵蠻寇江陵，車騎將軍馮緄討，皆降散。 荊州刺史度尚討長沙蠻，平之。
Wuling tribesmen struck Jiangling; Feng Gun, General of Chariots and Cavalry, campaigned until they dispersed or yielded. Du Shang, inspector of Jing, subdued the Changsha tribesmen.
75
四年春正月辛酉，南宮嘉德殿火。 戊子，丙署火。 大疫。 二月壬辰，武庫火。
On xinyou in the first month of the fourth year of Yanxi fire broke out in Jiade Hall of the Southern Palace. On wuzi fire destroyed the Bing office. A great epidemic raged. On renchen in the second month the imperial armory burned.
76
司徒盛允免，大司農种暠為司徒。 三月，省冗從右僕射官。 太尉黃瓊免。 夏四月，太常劉矩為太尉。 甲寅，封河間王開子博為任城王。
Sheng Yun was removed as Minister of Education; Zhong Hao, Minister of Finance, took the post. In the third month the supernumerary attendant right vice director was abolished. Huang Qiong was dismissed as Grand Commandant. In the fourth month Liu Ju, Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Grand Commandant. On jiayin Liu Bo, son of Liu Kai, King of Hejian, was created King of Rencheng.
77
五月辛酉，有星孛於心。 丁卯，原陵長壽門火。 己卯，京師雨雹。 六月，京兆、扶風及涼州地震。 庚子，岱山及博尤來山並穨裂。 己酉，大赦天下。
On xinyou in the fifth month a comet appeared in the Heart mansion. On dingmao fire broke out at the Longevity Gate of Emperor Guangwu’s tomb. On jimao a hailstorm struck the capital. In the sixth month earthquakes struck Jingzhao, Fufeng, and Liang Province. On gengzi Mount Tai and Mount Youlai beside Bo both gave way in massive slides. On jiyou he proclaimed a general amnesty.
78
司空虞放免，前太尉黃瓊為司空。
Yu Fang was removed as Minister of Works; Huang Qiong, lately Grand Commandant, returned to office as Minister of Works.
79
犍為屬國夷寇鈔百姓，益州刺史山昱擊破之。 零吾羌與先零諸種並叛，寇三輔。
Tribesmen of the Qianwei dependent state plundered the people; Shan Yu, inspector of Yi, defeated them. The Lingwu Qiang and the Xianling confederation rose together and raided the capital region.
80
秋七月，京師雩。 減公卿以下奉，貣王侯半租。 占賣關內侯、虎賁、羽林、緹騎營士、五大夫錢各有差。 九月，司空黃瓊免，大鴻臚劉寵為司空。
In the seventh month the court held the great rain ceremony in the capital. Salaries were cut for the Three Dukes down through the ranks, and princes and marquises were made to lend half their rent income to the treasury. Ranks of secondary marquis within the passes, tiger guard, feathered forest, escort cavalry, and fifth-grade grandee were put up for purchase at graded prices. In the ninth month Huang Qiong left the Ministry of Works; Liu Chong, Grand Herald, succeeded him.
81
冬十月，天竺國來獻。 南陽黃武與襄城惠得、昆陽樂季訞言相署，皆伏誅。
In the tenth month another embassy arrived from India with tribute. Huang Wu of Nanyang, Huide of Xiangcheng, and Yue Ji of Kunyang forged titles for one another; all three were put to death.
82
先零沈氐羌與諸種羌寇幷、涼二州，十一月，中郎將皇甫規擊破之。 十二月，夫餘王遣使來獻。
Xianling and Shenshi Qiang and allied tribes struck Bing and Liang; in the eleventh month Huangfu Gui routed them. In the twelfth month the king of Puyu sent tribute to the court.
83
五年春正月，省太官右監丞。 壬午，南宮丙署火。 三月，沈氐羌寇張掖、酒泉。 壬午，濟北王次薨。
In the first month of the fifth year of Yanxi the post of right assistant supervisor of the Grand Provisioner was abolished. On renwu fire broke out in the Bing office of the Southern Palace. In the third month Shenshi Qiang horsemen struck Zhangye and Jiuquan. On renwu Liu Ci, King of Jibei, died.
84
夏四月，長沙賊起，寇桂陽、蒼梧。 驚馬逸象突入宮殿。 乙丑，恭陵東闕火。 戊辰，虎賁掖門火。 己巳。 太學西門自壞。
In the fourth month rebels from Changsha rose and plundered Guiyang and Cangwu. Panicked horses and a loose elephant charged into the palace. On yichou fire destroyed the east gate tower at Emperor An’s Gongling. On wuchen the tiger guard side gate burned. The day was jisi. The Imperial Academy’s west gate fell in without apparent cause.
85
五月，康陵園寑火。 長沙、零陵賊起，攻桂陽、蒼梧、南海、交阯，遣御史中丞盛入脩督州郡討之，不克。 乙亥，京師地震。 詔公、卿各上封事。 甲申，中藏府承祿署火。
In the fifth month fire damaged the hall at Emperor Shun’s Kangling. Rebels from Changsha and Lingling overran the south; Grandee Secretary Sheng Xiu led provincial forces against them without success. On yihai an earthquake struck the capital. He ordered the Three Dukes and ministers each to file sealed advice. On jiashen fire broke out in the Chenglu office of the imperial treasury.
86
秋七月己未，南宮承善闥火。 鳥吾羌寇漢陽、隴西、金城，諸郡兵討破之。
On jiwei in the seventh month the Chengshan gate of the Southern Palace burned. The Wuwu Qiang struck Hanyang, Longxi, and Jincheng; combined commandery forces beat them back.
87
八月庚子，詔減虎賁、羽林住寺不任事者半奉，勿與冬衣； 其公卿以下給冬衣之半。
On gengzi in the eighth month he halved the pay of idle tiger and feathered forest guards in temple quarters and withheld their winter issue; officials from the Three Dukes down received only half the usual winter clothing allowance.
88
艾縣賊焚燒長沙郡縣，寇益陽，殺令。 又零陵蠻亦叛，寇長沙。 己卯，罷琅邪都尉官。
Rebels from Ai county torched Changsha districts, struck Yiyang, and slew the magistrate. The Lingling tribesmen also rose and raided Changsha. On jimao the chief commandant of Langye was abolished.
89
冬十月，武陵蠻叛，寇江陵，南郡太守李肅坐奔北弃市； 辛丑，以太常馮緄為車騎將軍，討之。 假公卿以下奉。 又換王侯租以助軍糧，出濯龍中藏錢還之。
In the tenth month Wuling tribesmen attacked Jiangling; Li Su, Administrator of Nan, was executed for abandoning his post; on xinchou Feng Gun, Minister of Ceremonies, was made General of Chariots and Cavalry and sent against them. Official stipends from the Three Dukes down were paid in advance. Princes’ and marquises’ rent income was commuted to grain for the army, with reimbursement from the Zhulong treasury.
90
十一月，馮緄大破叛蠻於武陵。
In the eleventh month Feng Gun won a major victory over the rebels in Wuling.
91
京兆虎牙都尉宗謙坐臧，下獄死。 滇那羌寇武威、張掖、酒泉。 太尉劉矩免，太常楊秉為太尉。
Zong Qian, tiger-fang colonel of Jingzhao, was jailed for corruption and died there. Dianna Qiang tribes raided Wuwei, Zhangye, and Jiuquan. Liu Ju left the Grand Commandancy; Yang Bing, Minister of Ceremonies, replaced him.
92
夏四月辛亥，康陵東署火。 五月，鮮卑寇遼東屬國。 秋七月甲申，平陵園寑火。
On xinhai in the fourth month fire broke out at the east office of Kangling. In the fifth month Xianbei raiders struck the Liaodong dependent state. On jiashen in the seventh month the hall at Emperor Zhao’s Pingling burned.
93
桂陽盜賊李研等寇郡界。
Li Yan and other bandits from Guiyang raided the commandery frontier.
94
武陵蠻復叛，太守陳奉與戰，大破降之。 隴西太守孫羌討滇那羌，破之。 八月，車騎將軍馮緄免。 冬十月丙辰，校獵廣成，遂幸函谷關、上林苑。 十一月，司空劉寵免。 南海賊寇郡界。 十二月，衛尉周景為司空。
Wuling rose again; Chen Feng, the administrator, defeated them and forced their submission. Sun Qiang, Administrator of Longxi, crushed the Dianna Qiang. In the eighth month Feng Gun was removed as General of Chariots and Cavalry. On bingchen in the tenth month he hunted at Guangcheng, then visited Hangu Pass and Shanglin Park. In the eleventh month Liu Chong was removed as Minister of Works. Pirates from Nanhai raided the commandery coast. In the twelfth month Zhou Jing, Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Minister of Works.
95
七年春正月庚寅，沛王榮薨。 三月癸亥，隕石於鄠。 夏四月丙寅，梁王成薨。
On gengyin in the first month of the seventh year of Yanxi Liu Rong, King of Pei, died. On guihai in the third month a meteorite fell at Hu. On bingyin in the fourth month Liu Cheng, King of Liang, died.
96
五月己丑，京師雨雹。 秋七月辛卯，趙王乾薨。
On jichou in the fifth month a hailstorm struck the capital. On xinmao in the seventh month Liu Qian, King of Zhao, died.
97
野王山上有死龍。 荊州刺史度尚擊零陵、桂陽盜賊及蠻夷，大破平之。
A dead dragon was found on Mount Yewang. Du Shang, inspector of Jing, crushed bandits and tribes in Lingling and Guiyang.
98
冬十月壬寅，南巡狩。 庚申，幸章陵，祠舊宅，遂有事於園廟，賜守令以下各有差。 戊辰，幸雲夢，臨漢水； 還，幸新野，祠湖陽、新野公主、魯哀王、壽張敬侯廟。
On renyin in the tenth month he set out on a southern tour. On gengshen he visited Zhangling, sacrificed at the Liu family’s old home, then offered at the tombs, with gifts graded for every local official down to the keepers. On wuchen he toured Yunmeng and came to the bank of the Han; on the return he stopped at Xinye and sacrificed at the shrines of the princesses of Huyang and Xinye, Prince Ai of Lu, and Marquis Jing of Shouzhang.
99
護羌校尉段颎擊當煎羌，破之。 十二月辛丑，車駕還宮。
Duan Jiong defeated the Dangjian Qiang. On xinchou in the twelfth month the imperial party returned to the capital.
100
八年春正月，遣中常侍左悺之苦縣，祠老子。 勃海王悝謀反，降為廮陶王。 丙申晦，日有食之。 詔公、卿、校尉舉賢良方正。 二月己酉，南宮嘉德署黃龍見。 千秋萬歲殿火。
In the first month of the eighth year of Yanxi he sent Zuo Guan, a palace attendant, to Ku county to offer sacrifice to Laozi. Liu Kui, King of Bohai, plotted revolt and was reduced to King of Yingtao. At month’s end, bingshen, a solar eclipse occurred. He ordered the Three Dukes, ministers, and colonels each to nominate men of integrity. On jiyou a yellow dragon was reported in the Jiade office of the Southern Palace. Fire broke out in the Hall of Thousand Autumns and Ten Thousand Years.
101
太僕左稱有辠自殺。 癸亥，皇后鄧氏廢。 河南尹鄧萬世、虎賁中郎將鄧會下獄死。 護羌校尉段颎擊罕姐羌，破之。 三月辛巳，大赦天下。
Zuo Cheng, Minister Coachman, took his own life when charged with a crime. On guihai Empress Deng was deposed. Deng Wanshi, Governor of Henan, and Deng Hui, general of the tiger guard, were imprisoned and died there. Duan Jiong defeated the Hanjie Qiang. On xinsi in the third month he proclaimed a general amnesty.
102
夏四月甲寅，安陵園寢火。 丁巳，壞郡國諸房祀。 濟陰、東郡、濟北河水清。 五月壬申，罷太山都尉官。 丙戌，太尉楊秉薨。 六月丙辰，緱氏地裂。
On jiayin in the fourth month fire damaged the hall at Emperor Hui’s Anling. On dingsi illicit local shrines in commanderies and kingdoms were torn down. The Yellow River ran clear through Jiyin, Dong commandery, and Jibei. On renshen in the fifth month the Taishan chief commandant was abolished. On bingxu in the sixth month Yang Bing, Grand Commandant, died. On bingchen in the sixth month the earth fissured at Goushi.
103
桂陽胡蘭、朱蓋等復反，攻沒郡縣，轉寇零陵，零陵太守陳球拒之； 遣中郎將度尚、長沙太守抗徐等擊蘭、蓋，大破斬之。 蒼梧太守張敍為賊所執，又桂陽太守任胤背敵畏懦，皆弃市。
Hu Lan and Zhu Gai of Guiyang rose again, overran districts, and swung into Lingling, where Administrator Chen Qiu held the line; Du Shang, General of the Household, and Kang Xu, Administrator of Changsha, were sent and destroyed the rebels, taking their heads. Zhang Xu, Administrator of Cangwu, was captured by rebels; Ren Yin, Administrator of Guiyang, fled in fear; both were executed in the marketplace.
104
閏月甲午，南宮長秋和歡殿後鉤楯、掖庭、朔平署火。 六月，段颎擊當煎羌於湟中，大破之。 秋七月，太中大夫陳蕃為太尉。 八月戊辰，初令郡國有田者畝斂稅錢。
On jiawu in the intercalary month fire spread through the hook-rail guard posts and harem offices behind Changqiu’s Hehuan Hall in the Southern Palace. In the sixth month Duan Jiong crushed the Dangjian Qiang in Huangzhong. In the seventh month Chen Fan, Grandee Counselor, was appointed Grand Commandant. On wuchen in the eighth month he first ordered every commandery and kingdom to collect a cash tax on each mu of cultivated land.
105
九月丁未，京師地震。
On dingwei in the ninth month the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
106
冬十月，司空周景免，太常劉茂為司空。 辛巳，立貴人竇氏為皇后。
In the tenth month Zhou Jing was removed as Minister of Works; Liu Mao, Minister of Ceremonies, succeeded him. On xinsi Lady Dou was made empress.
107
勃海妖賊蓋登等稱『太上皇帝』，有玉印、珪、璧、鐵券，相署置，皆伏誅。
Gai Deng and other cult leaders in Bohai styled themselves Supreme Emperor with forged regalia; all were put to death.
108
十一月壬子，德陽殿西閤、黃門北寺火，延及廣義、神虎門，燒殺人。 使中常侍管霸之苦縣，祠老子。
On renzi in the eleventh month fire broke out in Deyang’s west wing and the eunuchs’ Northern Prison, spread to Guangyi and Shenhu gates, and killed people in the flames. He sent Guan Ba, a palace attendant, to Ku county to sacrifice to Laozi.
109
九年春正月辛卯朔，日有食之。 詔公、卿、校尉、郡國舉至孝。
On new year’s day of the ninth year of Yanxi, xinmao, a solar eclipse occurred. He ordered the Three Dukes, ministers, colonels, and every commandery and kingdom each to recommend a paragon of filial devotion.
110
沛國戴異得黃金印，無文字，遂與廣陵人龍尚等共祭井，作符書，稱『太上皇』，伏誅。
Dai Yi of Pei found an unmarked gold seal, then with Long Shang of Guangling held well-side rites and forged talismans proclaiming a Supreme Emperor; all were executed.
111
己酉，詔曰：『比歲不登，民多飢窮，又有水旱疾疫之困。 盜賊徵發，南州尤甚。 灾異日食，譴告累至。 政亂在予，仍獲咎徵。 其令大司農絕今歲調度徵求，及前年所調未畢者，勿復收責。 其灾旱盜賊之郡，勿收租，餘郡悉半入。』
On jiyou an edict ran: "Years of poor harvests have left the people destitute, compounded by flood, drought, and disease." Rebellion and conscription have hit the south worst of all. Portents and eclipses have followed one another as Heaven’s rebukes. The fault lies with my rule, yet I bear the signs of reproach. The Minister of Finance shall cancel this year’s levies and any unpaid exactions from the year before and cease dunning for them. Commanderies ravaged by disaster, drought, or rebellion are exempt from land tax; everywhere else only half the usual tax is due.
112
三月癸巳，京師有火光轉行，人相驚譟。 司隸、豫州飢死者什四五，至有滅戶者，遣三府掾賑稟之。 陳留太守韋毅坐臧自殺。 夏四月，濟陰、東郡、濟北、平原河水清。 司徒許栩免。 五月，太常胡廣為司徒。
On guisi in the third month strange lights moved across the capital sky and set the crowds in panic. In the capital region and Yuzhou four or five in ten starved to death, some whole families perishing; staff from the three chief offices were sent with relief grain. Wei Yi, Administrator of Chenliu, committed suicide when charged with corruption. In the fourth month the Yellow River ran clear through Jiyin, Dong commandery, Jibei, and Pingyuan. Xu Xu was removed as Minister of Education. In the fifth month Hu Guang, Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Minister of Education.
113
六月，南匈奴及烏桓、鮮卑寇緣邊九郡。
In the sixth month Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, and Xianbei jointly raided nine border commanderies.
114
秋七月，沈氐羌寇武威、張掖。 詔舉武猛，三公各二人，卿、校尉各一人。 太尉陳蕃免。 庚午，祠黃、老於濯龍宮。 遣使匈奴中郎將張奐擊南匈奴、烏桓、鮮卑。
In the seventh month Shenshi Qiang horsemen struck Wuwei and Zhangye. He called for nominations of martially outstanding men—two from each of the Three Dukes and one from each minister and colonel. Chen Fan was removed as Grand Commandant. On gengwu he offered sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor and Laozi in Zhulong Palace. Zhang Huan, General of the Household for Dependent States, was dispatched against the Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, and Xianbei.
115
九月，光祿勳周景為太尉。
In the ninth month Zhou Jing, Household Minister, was appointed Grand Commandant.
116
南陽太守成瑨、太原太守劉質，並以譖弃市。 司空劉茂免。 大秦國王遣使奉獻。 冬十二月，洛城傍竹柏枯傷。
Cheng Jin of Nanyang and Liu Zhi of Taiyuan were both slandered into execution in the marketplace. Liu Mao was removed as Minister of Works. The ruler of the Roman East sent envoys with tribute. In the twelfth month bamboo and cypress along the Luoyang wall withered as if blighted.
117
光祿勳汝南宣酆為司空。 南匈奴、烏桓率眾詣張奐降。 司隸校尉李膺等二百餘人受誣為黨人，並坐下獄，書名王府。
Xuan Feng of Runan, Household Minister, became Minister of Works. The Southern Shanyu and Wuhuan brought their followers to Zhang Huan and submitted. Li Ying, Metropolitan Governor, and over two hundred others were framed as faction partisans, imprisoned, and their names registered for proscription.
118
永康元年春正月，先零羌寇三輔，中郎將張奐破平之。 當煎羌寇武威，護羌校尉段颎追擊於鸞鳥，大破之。 西羌悉平。 夫餘王寇玄菟，太守公孫域與戰，破之。
In the first month of Yongkang, 167, Xianling Qiang raided the capital region; Zhang Huan, General of the Household, crushed and pacified them. Dangjian Qiang struck Wuwei; Duan Jiong overtook them at Luanniao and won a major victory. The western Qiang were entirely subdued. The king of Puyu attacked Xuantu; Gongsun Yu, the administrator, met him in battle and won.
119
夏四月，先零羌寇三輔。 五月丙申，京師及上黨地裂。
In the fourth month Xianling Qiang again raided the capital region. On bingshen in the fifth month the earth split in the capital and in Shangdang.
120
廬江賊起，寇郡界。 壬子晦，日有食之。 詔公、卿、校尉舉賢良方正。
Rebels rose in Lujiang and plundered the commandery. At month’s end, renzi, a solar eclipse occurred. He ordered the Three Dukes, ministers, and colonels to nominate candidates of integrity.
121
六月庚申，大赦天下，悉除黨錮，改元永康。 丙寅，阜陵王統薨。 秋八月，魏郡言嘉禾生，甘露降。 巴郡言黃龍見。
On gengshen in the sixth month he proclaimed a general amnesty, lifted the ban on the faction lists, and adopted the era name Yongkang. On bingyin Liu Tong, King of Fuling, died. In the eighth month Weijun reported twin-eared grain and falling sweet dew. Ba commandery reported a yellow dragon sighting.
122
六州大水，勃海海溢。 詔州郡賜溺死者七歲以上錢，人二千； 一家皆被害者，悉為收斂； 其亡失榖食，稟人三斛。 冬十月，先零羌寇三輔，使匈奴中郎將張奐擊破之。
Six provinces were inundated and the Bohai coast flooded. He ordered local authorities to grant two thousand cash for each flood victim seven sui or older; where entire households had perished, the state would gather and bury the dead; survivors who had lost their grain stores were given three hu each. In the tenth month Xianling Qiang raided the capital region again; Zhang Huan, General of the Household for Dependent States, defeated them.
123
十一月，西河言白菟見。
In the eleventh month Xihe reported a white hare.
124
十二月壬申，復廮陶王悝為勃海王。 丁丑，帝崩於德陽前殿。 年三十六。 戊寅，尊皇后曰皇太后，太后臨朝。 是歲，復博陵、河間二郡，比豐、沛。
On renshen in the twelfth month Liu Kui, lately King of Yingtao, was restored as King of Bohai. On dingchou he died in the front hall of Deyang Palace. He was thirty-six sui old. On wuyin the empress was elevated to empress dowager and began to rule as regent. That year Boling and Hejian were again made full commanderies, with privileges like Feng and Pei.
125
論曰：前史稱桓帝好音樂，善琴笙。 飾芳林而考濯龍之宮，設華蓋以祠浮圖、老子，斯將所謂『聽於神』乎！ 及誅梁冀，奮威怒，天下猶企其休息。 而五邪嗣虐，流衍四方。 自非忠賢力爭，屢折姦鋒，雖願依斟流彘，亦不可得已。
The historian’s judgment: Earlier annals say Emperor Huan loved music and played the zither and sheng well. He ornamented Fanglin Grove and sacrificed at Zhulong to the Buddha and Laozi beneath a ritual canopy—rule swayed by cult and portent rather than by sober policy! When Liang Ji fell and the emperor shook off that tyranny, the realm still hoped for peace and recovery. Instead the five palace favorites carried on the cruelty, and their poison spread across the empire. Without loyal ministers who again and again broke the traitors’ momentum, the Han could not have survived even the sort of calamity that in older days drove kings to the refuges of Zhenxun or Zhi.
126
贊曰：桓自宗支，越躋天祿。 政移五幸，刑淫三獄。 傾宮雖積，皇身靡續。
Encomium: Raised from a cadet line, Huan ascended to the throne. Power passed to the five favorites; justice drowned in the three prison bureaus. Palaces rose in wasteful splendor, yet he left no heir.