1
東海恭王彊
King Gong of the East Sea, Liu Qiang
2
臣蒙恩得備蕃輔，特受二國，宮室禮樂，事事殊異，巍巍無量，訖無報稱。 而自修不謹，連年被疾，為朝廷憂念。 皇太后、陛下哀憐臣強，感動發中，數遣使者太醫令丞方伎道術，絡驛不絕。 臣伏惟厚恩，不知所言。 臣內自省視，氣力羸劣，日夜浸困，[3]終不復望見闕庭，奉承帷幄，孤負重恩，銜恨黃泉。 [4]身既夭命孤弱，復為皇太后、陛下憂慮，誠悲誠籩。 息政，小人也，猥當襲臣後，必非所以全利之也。 誠願還東海郡。 天恩愍哀，以臣無男之故，[5]處臣三女小國侯，[6]此臣宿昔常計。 [7]今天下新罹大憂，[8]惟陛下加供養皇太后，數進御餐。 臣強困劣，言不能盡意。 願並謝諸王，不意永不復相見也。
By your grace I was made a feudal bulwark and granted two kingdoms—palaces, ritual, music: everything beyond ordinary splendor. I have never matched such favor. Yet I failed to keep my health; illness has plagued me year after year and burdened the court with worry. The empress dowager and Your Majesty have pitied me from the heart, dispatching envoys, palace physicians, and healers of every sort without cease. Your mercy leaves me speechless. I grow weaker daily and shall never again attend court under your canopy. I die owing you everything—a grief I carry to the grave. [4] Heaven left me no heir, only frailty, yet I add to the empress dowager's and Your Majesty's cares—it grieves and terrifies me. My son Zheng is untested; he ought not inherit my title—it would not serve him or the state. I beg to surrender the kingdom of the East Sea. If heaven would pity me—having no sons—grant my three daughters small marquisates; I have long wished for this. [7] The empire is newly struck by bereavement; [8] nourish the empress dowager yourself and see that she eats. I am too weak to say all I feel. Give my farewell to my royal brothers—I never thought we would not meet again.
3
天子覽書悲慟，從太后出幸津門亭發哀。 [9]使* (大) *司空持節護喪事，大鴻臚副，宗正、將作大匠視喪事，贈以殊禮，升龍、旄頭、鸞輅、龍旗、虎賁百人。 [10]詔楚王英、趙王栩、北海王興、館陶公主、比陽公主及京師親戚四姓夫人、小侯皆會葬。 [11]帝追惟彊深執謙儉，不欲厚葬以違其意，於是特詔中常侍杜岑及東海傅相曰：「王恭謙好禮，以德自終，遣送之物，務從約省，衣足斂形，茅車瓦器，物減於制，以彰王卓爾獨行之志。 [12]將作大匠留起陵廟。」
The emperor read the memorial and wept; he accompanied the empress dowager to Jinmen Pavilion to mourn. Manuscript note nine: ordered—the clause continues with the minister of works. Variant gloss grand; some editions prefix that word to the minister of works in the next clause. The minister of works bore imperial credentials and directed the funeral, assisted by the grand herald; the minister of the imperial clan and the court architect oversaw rites. The gifts included dragon banners, yak-tail standards, the phoenix carriage, dragon flags, and a hundred imperial guards. [10] The emperor summoned King Ying of Chu, King Xu of Zhao, King Xing of Beihai, the princesses of Guantao and Biyang, kin at court, ladies of the great houses, and lesser nobles to attend the funeral. [11] Remembering Qiang's humility, the emperor would not bury him richly against his wishes. He told Du Cen and the East Sea officials: "The king lived modestly. Keep the grave goods spare—only enough to cover the body, a straw cart and clay vessels, below sumptuary rank—to honor his singular integrity." [12] Let the court architect raise his tomb-shrine."
4
立四十四年薨，子頃王肅嗣。 永元十六年，封肅弟二十一人皆為列侯。 肅性謙儉，循恭王法度。 永初中，以西羌未平，上錢二千萬。 元初中，復上縑萬匹，以助國費，鄧太后下詔襃納焉。
He ruled forty-four years; his son King Qing Su succeeded. In Yongyuan 16 twenty-one younger brothers of Su were made full marquises. Su was modest like his father and kept to his father's standards. During Yongchu he sent twenty million cash to help against the Western Qiang. In Yuanchu he gave ten thousand bolts of silk for state expenses; Empress Dowager Deng praised him and accepted the gift.
5
立二十三年薨，子孝王臻嗣。 永建二年，封臻二弟敏、儉為鄉侯。 臻及弟蒸鄉侯儉並有篤行，母卒，皆吐血毀眥。 [13]至服練紅，兄弟追念初喪父，幼小，哀禮有闕，因復重行喪制。 [14]臻性敦厚有恩，常分租秩賑給諸父昆弟。 國相籍襃具以狀聞，順帝美之，制詔大將軍、三公、大鴻臚曰：「東海王臻以近蕃之尊，少襲王爵，膺受多福，未知艱難，而能克己率禮，孝敬自然，事親盡愛，送終竭哀，降儀從士，寢苫三年。 [15]和睦兄弟，恤養孤弱，至孝純備，仁義兼弘，朕甚嘉焉。 夫勸善厲俗，為國所先。 曩者東平孝王敞兄弟行孝，喪母如禮，有增戶之封。 詩云：『永世克孝，念茲皇祖。 』[16]今增臻封五千戶，儉五百戶，光啟土宇，以酬厥德。」
After twenty-three years he died; King Xiao Zhen succeeded. In Yongjian 2 Min and Jian, Zhen's brothers, became village marquises. Zhen and his brother Jian, marquis of Zheng village, mourned deeply—both spat blood and wasted away until their eyes sank. [13] After the second mourning period they remembered how young they had been when their father died and had failed part of the rites—they observed mourning again. [14] Zhen was generous and often shared his income with uncles and brothers. Chancellor Ji Bao reported all this; Emperor Shun issued an edict to the general-in-chief, the three dukes, and the grand herald: "Though young when he inherited, King Zhen of the East Sea has embraced hardship, disciplined himself, honored his mother with perfect filial love, mourned her to the utmost, humbled himself like a scholar, and slept on coarse rush for three years." [15] He lives at peace with his brothers and cares for the helpless—filial piety and humane duty united. I applaud him." Encouraging virtue and customs is the state's first task." When King Chang of East Peace and his brothers mourned their mother by the book, the court added households to their fiefs." The Poetry says, 'Forever filial—remember the royal ancestors." [16] Add five thousand households to Zhen's fief and five hundred to Jian—expand their lands as their reward."
6
立三十一年薨，子懿王祗嗣。 初平四年，遣子琬至長安奉章，獻帝封琬汶陽侯，拜為平原相。
After thirty-one years he died; King Yi Zhi succeeded. In Chuping 4 he sent his son Wan to Chang'an with a memorial; Emperor Xian made Wan marquis of Wenyang and appointed him chancellor of Pingyuan.
7
祗立四十四年薨，子羨嗣。 二十年，魏受禪，以為崇德侯。
Zhi ruled forty-four years; Xian succeeded. In the twentieth year the Wei accepted the abdication and named him marquis of Chongde.
8
沛獻王輔
King Xian of Pei, Liu Fu
9
沛獻王輔，建武十五年封右* (馮) *翊公。 十七年，郭后廢為中山太后，故徙輔為中山王，並食常山郡。 二十年，復徙封沛王。
King Xian of Pei, Liu Fu—in Jianwu 15 was enfeoffed duke of Right— The Feng syllable for Right Fengyi duke. —Fengyi. In Jianwu 17 Empress Guo was demoted to dowager of Zhongshan; Fu became king of Zhongshan with Changshan added to his income. In Jianwu 20 he was transferred back as king of Pei.
10
時禁網尚疏，諸王皆在京師，競修名譽，爭禮四方賓客。 壽光侯劉鯉，更始子也，得幸於輔。 鯉怨劉盆子害其父，因輔結客，報殺盆子兄故式侯恭，輔坐系詔獄，三日乃得出。 自是後，諸王賓客多坐刑罰，各循法度。 二十八年，就國。
While regulations were still loose the kings lived in the capital, vying for renown and courting clients from every quarter. Liu Li of Shouguang—Emperor Gengshi's son—was a favorite of Fu. Liu Li blamed Liu Penzi for his father's death and through Fu gathered retainers to murder Penzi's brother, the former Marquis Gong. Fu was jailed in the imperial prison for three days before release. After that clients of the kings often faced prosecution; everyone watched the law more closely. In Jianwu 28 he went to his fief.
11
中元二年，封輔子寶為沛侯。 永平元年，封寶弟嘉為僮侯。 [17]
In Zhongyuan 2 his son Bao became marquis of Pei. In Yongping 1 Bao's brother Jia became marquis of Tong. Editorial note seventeen in the source.
12
輔矜嚴有法度，好經書，善說京氏易、孝經、論語傳及圖讖，作五經論，時號之曰沛王通論。 在國謹節，終始如一，稱為賢王。 顯宗敬重，數加賞賜。
Fu was austere and disciplined, loved the classics, lectured on the Jing school Changes, the Filial Classic, Analects commentary, and prognostic texts, and wrote the Discourse on the Five Classics—called the Pei King's Comprehensive Discourse. In his kingdom he was prudent from first to last and was known as a worthy prince. Emperor Ming esteemed him and rewarded him often.
13
立四十六年薨，子釐王定嗣。 [18]元和二年，封定弟十二人為鄉侯。
He ruled forty-six years; King Li Ding succeeded. [18] In Yuanhe 2 twelve of Ding's brothers became village marquises.
14
定立十一年薨，子節王正嗣。 元興元年，封正弟二人為縣侯。
Ding ruled eleven years; King Jie Zheng succeeded. In Yuanxing 1 two of Zheng's brothers became county marquises.
15
正立十四年薨，子孝王廣嗣。 有固疾。 安帝詔廣祖母周領王家事。 周明正有法禮，漢安中薨，順帝下詔曰：「沛王祖母太夫人周，秉心淑慎，導王以仁，使光祿大夫贈以妃印綬。」
Zheng ruled fourteen years; King Xiao Guang succeeded. He suffered chronic illness. Emperor An ordered Guang's grandmother Lady Zhou to administer the royal household. Lady Zhou was principled and died in the Han'an era. Emperor Shun said: "The king of Pei's grandmother Lady Zhou guided him with kindness—send the grand counselor of the palace to honor her with a consort's seal."
16
廣立三十五年薨，子幽王榮嗣。 立二十年薨，子孝王琮嗣。 薨，子恭王曜嗣。 薨，子契嗣； 魏受禪，以為崇德侯。
Guang ruled thirty-five years; King You Rong succeeded. After twenty years he died; King Xiao Cong succeeded. He died; King Gong Yao succeeded. He died; Qi succeeded; When Wei received the abdication he was named marquis of Chongde.
17
楚王英
King Ying of Chu
18
英少時好遊俠，交通賓客，晚節更喜黃老，學為浮屠齋戒祭祀。 [21]八年，詔令天下死罪皆入縑贖。 英遣郎中令奉黃縑白紈三十匹詣國相曰：「托在蕃輔，過惡累積，歡喜大恩，奉送縑帛，以贖愆罪。 」國相以聞。 詔報曰：「楚王誦黃老之微言，尚浮屠之仁祠，絜齋三月，與神為誓，何嫌何疑，當有悔吝？ 其還贖，以助伊蒲塞桑門之盛饌。 」[22]因以班示諸國中傅。 英後遂大交通方士，作金龜玉鶴，刻文字以為符瑞。
In youth Ying ran with swordsmen and kept clients; later he turned to Huang-Lao and Buddhist fasting and sacrifice. [21] In the eighth year an edict allowed capital crimes throughout the realm to be redeemed with silk. Ying sent his chief of gentlemen with thirty bolts of silk to his chancellor: "As a feudal prince I have piled up offenses; I rejoice in this mercy and send silk to redeem my guilt." The chancellor forwarded the letter to the throne. The reply read: "The king of Chu studies Huang-Lao, honors the Buddha, fasted three months, and swore vows to the gods—what crime needs redeeming? Keep your silk." Return it to feast the lay Buddhists and monks." [22] The edict was copied to every kingdom's tutor." Ying then patronized occult masters, cast golden tortoises and jade cranes, and carved prophetic inscriptions.
19
十三年，男子燕廣告英與漁陽王平、顏忠等造作圖書，有逆謀，事下案驗。 有司奏英招聚姦猾，造作圖讖，擅相官秩，置諸侯王公將軍二千石，大逆不道，請誅之。 帝以親親不忍，乃廢英，徙丹陽涇縣，[23]賜湯沐邑五百戶。 [24]遣大鴻臚持節護送，使伎人奴婢* (妓士) **〔工技〕*鼓吹悉從，得乘輜軿，[25]持兵弩，行道射獵，極意自娛。 男女為侯主者，食邑如故。 楚太后勿上璽綬，留住楚宮。
In year 13 Yan Guang charged Ying with plotting rebellion through charts and texts with Wang Ping of Yuyang and Yan Zhong; the case was investigated. The ministry accused Ying of conspiracy, forging prognostications, naming officials and generals without authority—the gravest treason—and asked for his death. The emperor spared his kinsman: he stripped Ying's title and moved him to Jing in Danyang [23] with five hundred households for income. [24] The grand herald escorted him with credentials—performers and servants— Alternate gloss female performers or musicians for the fragment joined to the previous clause. Craftsmen, musicians, and guards followed him; he rode in a covered carriage note twenty-five in the source, carried arms, hunted along the road, and amused himself freely. Children who held noble rank kept their fiefs. The dowager of Chu was not to surrender her seal; she stayed in the Chu palace.
20
明年，英至丹陽，自殺。 立三十三年，國除。 詔遣光祿大夫持節吊祠，贈賵如法，加賜列侯印綬，以諸侯禮葬於涇。 遣中黃門占護其妻子。 [26]悉出楚官屬無辭語者。
The next year Ying reached Danyang and took his own life. After thirty-three years the kingdom was abolished. A grand counselor of the palace was sent to mourn and sacrifice; burial gifts followed statute; he was given a full marquis's seals and buried at Jing with princely honors. Eunuchs of the palace were sent to watch over his family. [26] Every Chu official not named in the indictments was released.
21
制詔許太后曰：「國家始聞楚事，幸其不然。 既知審實，懷用悼灼，庶欲宥全王身，令保卒天年，而王不念顧太后，竟不自免。 此天命也，無可柰何！ 太后其保養幼弱，勉強飲食。 諸許願王富貴，人情也。 已詔有司，出其有謀者，令安田宅。 」於是封燕廣為折奸侯。 楚獄遂至累年，其辭語相連，自京師親戚諸侯州郡豪桀及考案吏，阿附相陷，坐死徙者以千數。
An edict to Empress Dowager Xu said: "When we first heard of Chu we prayed it was false." When the truth came out our grief was bitter; we meant to spare the king and let him live out his years, yet he forgot you, madam, and could not save himself." That is heaven's will—nothing could be done." Madam, care for the children and force yourself to eat." Your clan hoped the king would rise—such is only human." I have ordered the innocent freed and their lands restored." Yan Guang was enfeoffed marquis of Zhajian. The Chu case dragged on for years; confessions implicated kin at court, princes, local magnates, and investigators who curried favor—thousands died or were banished.
22
種後徙封六侯。 [28]卒，子度嗣。 度卒，子拘嗣，傳國於後。
Zhong's line was later reassigned among six secondary marquisates. He died note twenty-eight in the source; his son Du inherited. When Du died, Ju inherited; the title passed down thereafter.
23
濟南安王康
King Kang of Jinan
24
濟南安王康，建武十五年封濟南公，十七年進爵為王，二十八年就國。 三十年，以平原之祝阿、安德、朝陽、平昌、隰陰、重丘六縣益濟南國。 中元二年，封康子德為東武城侯。 [29]
King Kang of Jinan was made duke of Jinan in Jianwu 15, raised to king in Jianwu 17, and went to his fief in Jianwu 28. In Jianwu 30 six counties from Pingyuan—Zhu'e, Ande, Chaoyang, Pingchang, Xiyin, and Chongqiu—were added to Jinan. In Zhongyuan 2 Kang's son De became marquis of Dongwucheng. Editorial note twenty-nine in the source.
25
康在國不循法度，交通賓客。 其後，人上書告康招來州郡姦猾漁陽顏忠、劉子產等，又多遺其繒帛，案圖書，謀議不軌。 事下考，有司舉奏之，顯宗以親親故，不忍窮竟其事，但削祝阿、隰陰、東朝陽、安德、西平昌五縣。 [30]
In his kingdom Kang ignored regulations and kept company with clients. Later informers charged Kang with recruiting scoundrels such as Yan Zhong and Liu Zichan of Yuyang, sending them silk, studying prognostications, and plotting sedition. The case was investigated and officials memorialized. Emperor Ming spared his kinsman a full trial and merely stripped five counties from the fief. Editorial note thirty in the source.
26
建初八年，肅宗復還所削地，康遂多殖財貨，大修宮室，奴婢至千四百人，廄馬千二百匹，私田八百頃，奢侈恣欲，遊觀無節。 永元初，國傅何敞上疏諫康曰：「蓋聞諸侯之義，制節謹度，然後能保其社稷，和其民人。 [31]大王以骨肉之親，享食茅土，當施張政令，明其典法，出入進止，宜有期度，輿馬臺隸，應為科品。 [32]而今奴婢廄馬皆有千餘，增無用之口，以自蠶食。 [33]宮婢閉隔，失其天性，惑亂和氣。 又多起內第，觸犯防禁，費以巨萬，[34]而功猶未半。 夫文繁者質荒，木勝者人亡，[35]皆非所以奉禮承上，傳福無窮者也。 故楚作章華以凶，[36]吳興姑蘇而滅，[37]景公千駟，民無稱焉。 [38]今數遊諸第，晨夜無節，又非所以遠防未然，臨深履薄之法也。 願大王修恭儉，遵古制，省奴婢之口，減乘馬之數，斥私田之富，節遊觀之宴，以禮起居，則敞乃敢安心自保。 惟大王深慮愚言。 」康素敬重敞，雖無所嫌啎，然終不能改。
In Jianchu 8 Emperor Zhang restored the lost territory. Kang then piled up riches, threw up halls, kept fourteen hundred servants and twelve hundred horses, seized eight hundred qing of private fields, and lived without restraint. Early in Yongyuan the tutor He Chang warned Kang: "The feudal code demands moderation—only then can a prince save his altars and keep peace among his people." [31] As Your Highness is kin of the blood and holds a fief, you should publish clear laws and keep every outing, equipage, and staff within proper rank." [32] Yet you feed over a thousand slaves and horses—useless mouths that drain your house." [33] Women locked in the inner quarters lose their natural lives and disturb the moral climate." [34] You raise courtyard after courtyard against the statutes and spend fortunes note thirty-four in the source—yet the work is barely half done." Ornament without substance ruins a house; timber that overwhelms its foundation kills it note thirty-five in the source—neither serves ritual or lasting fortune." Chu raised Zhanghua and fell note thirty-six in the source; Wu built Gusu and perished note thirty-seven in the source; Duke Jing's thousand four-horse teams earned him no praise." [38] Roaming your villas day and night is no way to rule as though on a cliff's edge." Cut retainers and horses, sell surplus land, temper your outings, live by the rites—then I dare rest easy." Think deeply on these plain words." Kang respected He Chang but never changed his ways.
27
錯立六年薨，子孝王香嗣。 永初二年，封香弟四人為列侯。 香篤行，好經書。
King Cuo ruled six years; King Xiao Xiang succeeded. In Yongchu 2 four of Xiang's brothers became full marquises. Xiang had a serious nature and loved the classics.
28
初，叔父篤有罪不得封，西平昌侯昱坐法失侯，香乃上書分爵土封篤子丸、昱子嵩，皆為列侯。
Earlier his uncle Du had been barred from a fief and Marquis Yu of Xipingchang lost his title for a crime; Xiang memorialized to carve land from his domain for Du's son Wan and Yu's Song—both became full marquises.
29
香立二十年薨，無子，國絕。
Xiang ruled twenty years and died without an heir; the kingdom lapsed.
30
永建元年，順帝立錯子阜陽侯顯為嗣，是為釐王。 立三年薨，子悼王廣嗣。 永建五年，封廣弟文為樂城亭侯。
In Yongjian 1 Emperor Shun named Xian, marquis of Fuyang and son of Cuo, as heir—the future King Li. He ruled three years; King Dao Guang succeeded. In Yongjian 5 Guang's brother Wen became village marquis of Lecheng.
31
廣立二十五年，永興元年薨，無子，國除。
Guang ruled twenty-five years and died in Yongxing 1 without an heir; the kingdom was abolished.
32
東平憲王蒼
King Xian of East Peace, Liu Cang
33
東平憲王蒼，建武十五年封東平公，十七年進爵為王。
King Xian of East Peace was made duke of East Peace in Jianwu 15 and king in Jianwu 17.
34
蒼少好經書，雅有智思，為人美鬚髯，要帶八圍，顯宗甚愛重之。 及即位，拜為驃騎將軍，置長史掾史員四十人，位在三公上。 [40]
Cang loved the classics from youth and had a keen mind; he wore a full beard and an eight-span girdle—Emperor Ming treasured him. When Ming took the throne he named Cang general of agile cavalry with a forty-man staff—rank above the three dukes. Editorial note forty in the source.
35
永平元年，封蒼子二人為縣侯。 二年，以東郡之壽張、須昌，山陽之南平陽、* (稾) **[橐]*、湖陵五縣益東平國。 [41]是時中興三十餘年，四方無虞，蒼以天下化平，宜修禮樂，乃與公卿共議定南北郊冠冕車服制度，及光武廟登歌八佾舞數，語在禮樂、輿服志。 [42]帝每巡狩，蒼常留鎮，侍衞皇太后。
In Yongping 1 two of Cang's sons became county marquises. In Yongping 2 the counties Shouzhang and Xuchang from Dong commandery and Nanpingyang from Shanyang— Variant graph for the place-name syllable before Huling. —Huling in five counties added to the kingdom of East Peace. [41] Thirty years into the restoration the realm was calm; Cang urged ritual reform and with the high ministers set suburban dress and music for the Guangwu temple—the detail is in the treatises on ritual and carriages. [42] On each imperial tour Cang stayed behind to guard the capital and attend the empress dowager.
36
四年春，車駕近出，觀覽城第，[43]尋聞當遂校獵河內，蒼即上書諫曰：「臣聞時令，盛春農事，不聚觿興功。 [44]傳曰：『田獵不宿，食飲不享，出入不節，則木不曲直。 』此失春令者也。 [45]臣知車駕今出，事從約省，所過吏人諷誦甘棠之德。 雖然，動不以禮，非所以示四方也。 惟陛下因行田野，循視稼穡，消搖仿佯，弭節而旋。 [46]至秋冬，乃振威靈，整法駕，備周衞，設羽旄。 [47]詩云：『抑抑威儀，惟德之隅。 』[48]臣不勝憤懣，伏自手書，乞詣行在所，極陳至誠。 」帝覽奏，即還宮。
In spring of the fourth year the emperor toured the capital mansions note forty-three in the source and planned a hunt in Henei; Cang memorialized: "Spring is for the plow—do not mobilize drill or works." [44] The tradition says: When hunt and feast break spring discipline, the phase of wood suffers." That is how spring ordinance is lost." [45] I know Your Majesty travels lightly and the people praise your kindness like the ode of the pear tree." Yet motion without ritual teaches the empire nothing." Ride the countryside, inspect the crops, then turn home at leisure." [46] Save full hunts for autumn and winter with proper escort and banners." [47] The Poetry says: Majestic bearing shows where virtue dwells." [48] I write myself and beg audience wherever the court resides to speak my whole heart." The emperor read the memorial and returned to the palace.
37
蒼在朝數載，多所隆益，而自以至親輔政，聲望日重，意不自安，上疏歸職曰：
Cang served at court for years with great benefit, but as the emperor's closest kin his stature grew unsettling; he asked to resign:
38
臣蒼疲駑，特為陛下慈恩覆護，在家備教導之仁，升朝蒙爵命之首，制書襃美，班之四海，舉負薪之才，升君子之器。 [49]凡匹夫一介，尚不忘簞食之惠，[50]況臣居宰相之位，同氣之親哉！ 宜當暴骸膏野，為百僚先，而愚頑之質，加以固病，誠羞負乘，辱污輔將之位，將被詩人『三百赤紱』之刺。 [51]今方域晏然，要荒無儆，[52]將遵上德無為之時也，文官猶可並省，武職尤不宜建。 昔象封有鼻，不任以政，[53]誠由愛深，不忍揚其過惡。 前事之不忘，來事之師也。 自漢興以來，宗室子弟無得在公卿位者。 惟陛下審覽虞帝優養母弟，遵承舊典，終卒厚恩。 乞上驃騎將軍印綬，退就蕃國，願蒙哀憐。
Your servant Cang is undistinguished yet you shelter me—at home you teach me; at court you rank me first among peers and broadcast praise across the empire—you promote a woodcutter to the bronze vessel." [49] Common men repay a meal note forty-nine in the source note fifty in the source—I hold ministerial rank and share your breath." I should die in the field leading officials; instead I am sick and weak—a donkey carrying relics on the minister's seat, ripe for the poets' mockery of venal lords." [51] The realm is quiet and the frontiers need no alarm note fifty-two in the source—this is the age of ruling through nonaction; civil posts may be cut and military offices should not multiply." Shun gave his brother Xiang a fief but no office note fifty-three in the source—love could not bear to expose his crimes." The past is the teacher of the future." Since Han rose no imperial clansman has held ministerial rank." Study how Emperor Shun nurtured his brother and follow the old statutes to the end of your kindness." I beg to return the seals of general of agile cavalry and retire to my fief—grant me pity."
39
帝優詔不聽。
The emperor issued a kind refusal.
40
其後數陳乞，辭甚懇切。 五年，乃許還國，而不聽上將軍印綬。 以驃騎長史為東平太傅，掾為中大夫，令史為王家郎。 [54]加賜錢五千萬，布十萬匹。
He pleaded again and again with mounting urgency. In the fifth year he was allowed home but kept his general's commission. His chief clerk became grand tutor of East Peace, his clerks grand counselors and household gentlemen. [54] He received fifty million cash and one hundred thousand bolts of cloth.
41
六年冬，帝幸魯，徵蒼從還京師。 明年，皇太后崩。 既葬，蒼乃歸國，特賜宮人奴婢五百人，布二十五萬匹，及珍寶服御器物。
That winter the emperor visited Lu and brought Cang back to the capital. The following year the empress dowager died. After the funeral Cang went home with five hundred maids, two hundred fifty thousand bolts of cloth, and treasures.
42
十一年，蒼與諸王朝京師。 月餘，還國。 帝臨送歸宮，淒然懷思，乃遣使手詔國中傅曰：「辭別之後，獨坐不樂，因就車歸，伏軾而吟，瞻望永懷，實勞我心，誦及采菽，以增歎息。 [55]日者問東平王處家何等最樂，王言為善最樂，其言甚大，副是要腹矣。 今送列侯印十九枚，諸王子年五歲已上能趨拜者，皆令帶之。」
In year 11 Cang joined the other kings at court. After a month he returned to his fief. The emperor escorted him and then wrote his tutor: "Since you left I sit alone unhappy; riding home I leaned on the carriage rail and thought of you—I turn to the ode Gathering Beans and sigh." [55] I asked what pleased you most at home—you said doing good; those words hit the mark." Here are nineteen full marquis seals—every prince aged five or older who can bow shall wear one."
43
十五年春，行幸東平，賜蒼錢千五百萬，布四萬匹。 帝以所作光武本紀示蒼，蒼因上光武受命中興頌。 帝甚善之，以其文典雅，特令校書郎賈逵為之訓詁。
In spring of year 15 the emperor visited East Peace and gave Cang fifteen million cash and forty thousand bolts of cloth. The emperor showed Cang his Guangwu annals; Cang presented an eulogy on Guangwu's restoration. Delighted by its classical tone, the emperor had Jia Kui annotate it.
44
肅宗即位，尊重恩禮踰於前世，諸王莫與為比。 建初元年，地震，蒼上便宜，其事留中。 [56]帝報書曰：
When Emperor Zhang succeeded he honored Cang beyond any earlier king. In Jianchu 1 an earthquake struck; Cang sent practical proposals kept inside the palace. The emperor replied note fifty-six in the source:
45
丙寅所上便宜三事，朕親自覽讀，反覆數周，心開目明，曠然發蒙。 [57]閒吏人奏事，亦有此言，但明智淺短，或謂儻是，復慮為非。 何者？ 災異之降，緣政而見。 今改元之後，年饑人流，此朕之不德感應所致。 又冬春旱甚，所被尤廣，雖內用克責，而不知所定。 得王深策，快然意解。 詩不云乎：『未見君子，憂心忡忡； 既見君子，我心則降。 』[58]思惟嘉謀，以次奉行，冀蒙福應。 彰報至德，特賜王錢五百萬。
Your three proposals of Bingyin day—I read them again and again; they opened my eyes like clearing a fog. [57] Officials have said the same, but I lacked judgment—sometimes it seemed right, sometimes wrong." Why?" Omens follow policy." Since the new reign began famine has driven the people—that answers my lack of virtue." Winter and spring drought spread widely; I blame myself yet find no remedy." Your thorough counsel lifts my heart." Does not the Poetry say: Until I saw you my heart was troubled;" Having seen you my heart finds peace." [58] I will adopt your plans in order and hope for heaven's favor." To honor your virtue I send five million cash."
46
後帝欲為原陵、顯節陵起縣邑，蒼聞之，遽上疏諫曰：「伏聞當為二陵起立郭邑，臣前頗謂道路之言，疑不審實，近令從官古霸問湼陽主疾，[59]使還，乃知詔書已下。 竊見光武皇帝躬履儉約之行，深鶯始終之分，勤勤懇懇，以葬制為言，故營建陵地，具稱古典，詔曰『無為山陵，陂池裁令流水而已』。 孝明皇帝大孝無違，奉承貫行。 [60]至於自所營創，尤為儉省，謙德之美，於斯為盛。 [61]臣愚以園邑之興，始自強秦。 古者丘隴且不欲其著明，[62]豈況築郭邑，建都郛哉！ [63]上違先帝聖心，下造無益之功，虛費國用，動搖百姓，非所以致和氣，祈豐年也。 又以吉凶俗數言之，亦不欲無故繕修丘墓，有所興起。 考之古法則不合，稽之時宜則違人，求之吉凶復未見其福。 陛下履有虞之至性，追祖檷之深思，然懼左右過議，以累聖心。 臣蒼誠傷二帝純德之美，不暢於無窮也。 惟蒙哀覽。」
When the emperor planned towns for Yuanling and Xianjie tombs, Cang protested: "I took it for rumor until my man Gu Ba returned from asking after the Nieyang princess note fifty-nine in the source—I learned the edict had gone out." Emperor Guangwu lived plainly and taught frugal burial—his tomb was planned on classical lines with the command to raise no great mound, only channels for water." Emperor Ming's filial devotion left those commands unchanged." [60] His own tomb was even plainer—the crown of modest virtue." [61] Tomb towns began with harsh Qin." The ancients hid even tumuli note sixty-two in the source—how dare we raise walled towns by the tombs!" [63] You would slight your father's intent, waste revenue and unsettle the people—hardly the way to summon gentle weather or a good harvest." By every popular rule of lucky and unlucky timing you should not alter tombs without cause." It fits neither ancient precedent nor present good sense, and promises no blessing." Your majesty has Shun's filial heart and deep care for the shrines of your mothers; do not let attendants talk you into troubling your resolve." I grieve that the pure virtue of the two late emperors would not shine forever if these towns were built." I beg you to hear me out."
47
三年，帝饗衞士於南宮，因從皇太后周行掖庭池閣，乃閱陰太后舊時器服，愴然動容，乃命留五時衣各一襲，[64]及常所御衣合五十篋，餘悉分佈諸王主及子孫在京師者各有差。 特賜蒼及琅邪王京書曰：「中大夫奉使，親聞動靜，嘉之何已！ 歲月騖過，山陵浸遠，孤心淒愴，如何如何！ 閒饗衞士於南宮，因閱視舊時衣物，聞於師曰：『其物存，其人亡，不言哀而哀自至。 』信矣。 惟王孝友之德，亦豈不然！ 今送光烈皇后假紒帛巾各一，[65]及衣一篋，可時奉瞻，以慰凱風寒泉之思，[66]又欲令后生子孫得見先后衣服之制。 今魯國孔氏，尚有仲尼車輿冠履，明德盛者光靈遠也。 [67]其光武皇帝器服，中元二年已賦諸國，故不復送。
In year 3 the emperor feasted the guards at the Southern Palace and walked the empress dowager through the inner palace pools and galleries. Seeing Lady Yin's old robes he wept and kept one outfit from each season note sixty-four in the source plus fifty chests of everyday wear, dividing the rest among princes and princesses still at court." He wrote specially to Cang and King Jing of Langye: "Your messenger brought word of you—I cannot praise you enough!" The years race by; the tombs grow distant—my heart aches—what can I say!" While feasting the guards I looked again at her clothes. The teacher said: When the things survive but the person is gone, grief needs no words." How true." Surely a prince of your filial devotion feels the same!" I send one hairpiece and scarf of the Guanglie empress note sixty-five in the source and a chest of clothes—cherish them when you mourn her note sixty-six in the source—and let her descendants see how an empress dressed." The Kong family of Lu still keeps Confucius's carriage and hat—great virtue casts a long shadow." [67] Guangwu's wardrobe went to the kingdoms in Zhongyuan 2—I send no duplicate."
48
並遺宛馬一匹，血從前髆上小孔中出。 常聞武帝歌天馬，沾赤汗，今親見其然也。 [68]頃反虜尚屯，將帥在外，憂念遑遑，未有閒寧。 [69]願王寶精神，加供養。 苦言至戒，望之如渴。」
With it goes a Ferghana horse whose blood beads from a pore on the shoulder. I grew up on the songs of Emperor Wu's sweating steeds—now I have seen one. [68] Rebels still hold the field and our generals are abroad—I have no peace of mind." [69] Guard your health and take care of yourself." I thirst for your blunt counsel."
49
六年冬，蒼上疏求朝。 明年正月，帝許之。 特賜裝錢千五百萬，其餘諸王各千萬。 帝以蒼冒涉寒露，遣謁者賜貂裘，[70]及太官食物珍果，使大鴻臚竇固持節郊迎。 帝乃親自循行邸第，豫設帷默，其錢帛器物無不充備。 下詔曰：「*〔禮云〕*伯父歸寧乃國，[71]詩云叔父建爾元子，[72]敬之至也。 昔蕭相國加以不名，優忠賢也。 [73]況兼親尊者乎！ 其沛、濟南、東平、中山四王，贊皆勿名。」
That winter Cang asked leave to visit court. The following first month the emperor agreed. Cang received fifteen million cash for travel; the other kings ten million each. Because Cang traveled in cold dew the emperor sent a herald with a sable coat note seventy in the source and delicacies from the imperial kitchen, and Dou Gu with credentials to greet him beyond the walls. The emperor inspected the lodgings himself, hung curtains in silence, and stocked every expense. An edict read: The Rites says an uncle may rest in his state note seventy-one in the source; the Poetry appoints the heir with utmost reverence note seventy-two in the source." The founding chancellor Xiao was spared the naming taboo—that honored a faithful minister." [73] How much more a royal uncle!" Do not speak the personal names of the kings of Pei, Jinan, East Peace, and Zhongshan when addressing them."
50
[74]蒼既至，升殿乃拜，天子親荅之。 其後諸王入宮，輒以輦迎，至省合乃下。 蒼以受恩過禮，情不自寧，上疏辭曰：「臣聞貴有常尊，賤有等威，[75]卑高列序，上下以理。 陛下至德廣施，慈愛骨肉，既賜奉朝請，咫尺天儀，而親屈至尊，降禮下臣，每賜燕見，輒興席改容，中宮親拜，事過典故。 臣惶怖戰慄，誠不自安，每會見，踧踖無所措置。 [76]此非所以章示腢下，安臣子也。」
[74] When Cang arrived he bowed on the hall steps and the emperor answered in person. Later kings were carried in palanquins to the inner offices before they walked. Overwhelmed by favor, Cang wrote: "Rank has its proper dignity and humility its measure note seventy-five in the source—high and low stand in order." Your majesty loves your kin yet grants me audience at arm's length, rises when we dine, lets the empress bow—every kindness exceeds precedent." I tremble at each audience—I cannot steady myself." [76] This is no way to show the realm how to quiet ministers and sons."
51
帝省奏歎息，愈襃貴焉。 舊典，諸王女皆封鄉主，乃獨封蒼五女為縣公主。
The emperor read the memorial and sighed—then prized him all the more. By statute princes' daughters were village ladies—only Cang's five daughters were made county princesses.
52
三月，大鴻臚奏遣諸王歸國，帝特留蒼，賜以秘書、列僊圖、道術秘方。 至八月飲酎畢，[77]有司復奏遣蒼，乃許之。 手詔賜蒼曰：「骨肉天性，誠不以遠近為親疏，然數見顏色，情重昔時。 念王久勞，思得還休，欲署大鴻臚奏，不忍下筆，顧授小黃門，中心戀戀，惻然不能言。 」[78]於是車駕祖送，流涕而訣。 復賜乘輿服御，珍寶輿馬，錢布以億萬計。
In the third month the grand herald sent the kings home but kept Cang, gifting him rare books, Daoist charts, and secret formulas. After the autumn libation note seventy-seven in the source the ministry again asked Cang to leave—this time the emperor agreed. A personal letter said: "Kinship knows no distance, yet seeing you often bound us closer than before." Knowing you are weary I meant to sign your dismissal myself but could not bear to write—I handed the brush to a eunuch; my heart clings and I cannot speak." [78] The emperor offered the farewell sacrifice and wept at parting. More gifts followed—carriages, jewels, horses, cash beyond counting.
53
蒼還國，疾病，帝馳遣名醫，小黃門侍疾，使者冠蓋不絕於道。 又置驛馬千里，傳問起居。 明年正月薨，詔告中傅，封上蒼自建武以來章奏及所作書、記、賦、頌、七言、別字、歌詩，並集覽焉。 遣大鴻臚持節，五官中郎將副監喪，及將作使者凡六人，令四姓小侯諸國王主悉會詣東平奔喪，賜錢前後一億，布九萬匹。 及葬，策曰：「惟建初八年三月己卯，皇帝曰：咨王丕顯，勤勞王室，親受策命，昭於前世。 出作蕃輔，克慎明德，率禮不越，[79]傅聞在下。 [80]昊天不吊，不報上仁，俾屏余一人，夙夜殺殺，靡有所終。 [81]今詔有司加賜鸞輅乘馬，龍旗九旒，虎賁百人，奉送王行。 匪我憲王，其孰離之！ [82]魂而有靈，保茲寵榮。 嗚呼哀哉！」
Back in his kingdom Cang fell ill; the emperor rushed physicians and eunuch nurses—messengers crowded the road. Relay riders carried inquiries a thousand li without pause. He died the next first month; the court ordered his tutor to seal every memorial and literary work since Jianwu for the imperial library. The grand herald directed the funeral with six officers; nobles of every rank were summoned to East Peace; the grants totaled one hundred million cash and ninety thousand bolts of cloth. The burial edict for Jianchu 8 read: "King, you shone in service and bore your mandate in life." As a feudal bulwark you kept ritual note seventy-nine in the source—your fame reached the common folk." [80] Heaven shows no pity—it denies me your counsel and leaves me screening alone in endless grief." [81] The ministry adds a phoenix carriage, dragon banners, nine pennants, and a hundred guards for the cortège." Who but our King Xian could bear this parting!" [82] May your spirit keep this glory." Alas!"
54
立四十五年，子懷王忠嗣。 明年，帝乃分東平國封忠弟尚為任城王，餘五人為列侯。
He ruled forty-five years; King Huai Zhong succeeded. The next year the emperor split East Peace to make Shang king of Rencheng and five brothers full marquises.
55
敞立四十八年薨，子頃王端嗣。 立四十七年薨，子凱嗣； 立四十一年，魏受禪，以為崇德侯。
Chang ruled forty-eight years; King Qing Duan succeeded. He ruled forty-seven years; Kai succeeded; After forty-one years the Wei accepted the abdication and named him marquis of Chongde.
56
論曰：孔子稱「貧而無諂，富而無驕，未若貧而樂，富而好禮者也」。 若東平憲王，可謂好禮者也。 若其辭至戚，去母后，豈欲苟立名行而忘親遺義哉！ 蓋位疑則隙生，累近則喪大，[84]斯蓋明哲之所為歎息。 嗚呼！ 遠隙以全忠，釋累以成孝，夫豈憲王之志哉！ [85]東海恭王遜而知廢，[86]「為吳太伯，不亦可乎」！ [87]
Appreciation: Confucius said it is better to be poor and content or rich and ritual-minded than merely free of flattery or pride." King Xian of East Peace was such a man. When he stepped back from kin and dowager he sought no empty fame—he did not betray duty." Suspicion breeds rifts; closeness courts ruin note eighty-four in the source—the wise have always lamented it." Alas! Distance heals suspicion and yielding saves filial debt—that was King Xian's meaning!" [85] King Gong of the East Sea stepped aside knowing the cost note eighty-six in the source—like Taibo of Wu." Editorial note eighty-seven in the source.
57
任城孝王尚，元和元年封，食任城、亢父、樊三縣。 [88]
King Xiao of Rencheng, Liu Shang, was enfeoffed in Yuanhe 1 with the three counties Rencheng, Kangfu, and Fan. Editorial note eighty-eight in the source.
58
安立十九年薨，子節王崇嗣。 順帝時，羌虜數反，崇輒上錢帛佐邊費。 及帝崩，復上錢三百萬助山陵用度，朝廷嘉而不受。 立三十一年薨，無子，國絕。
An ruled nineteen years; King Jie Chong succeeded. Under Emperor Shun when the Qiang rose repeatedly, Chong sent cash and silk for the frontier. When the emperor died he offered three million for the tomb; the court praised him but declined. He ruled thirty-one years without an heir; the kingdom lapsed.
59
延熹四年，桓帝立河閒孝王子* (恭為) *參戶亭侯博為任城王，以奉其祀。 [89]
In Yanxi 4 Emperor Huan raised the son of Prince Xiao of Hejian— Variant wording inserts Gong here in some editions. —Bo, village marquis of Canhu, as king of Rencheng to maintain the line. Editorial note eighty-nine in the source.
60
博有孝行，喪母服制如禮，增封三千戶。 立十三年薨，無子，國絕。
Bo mourned his mother by the book and gained three thousand households. He ruled thirteen years without an heir; the kingdom lapsed.
61
熹平四年，靈帝復立河閒貞王* (遜) **[建]**[子]*新昌侯* (子) *佗為任城王，奉孝王后。 立四十六年，魏受禪，以為崇德侯。
In Xiping 4 Emperor Ling restored the line of Prince Zhen of Hejian— Some editions read the prince's name as Xun. Manuscript variants tag Jian or zi before marquis of Xinchang. Alternate gloss son. —Tuo as king of Rencheng to continue King Xiao's sacrifices. After forty-six years the Wei named him marquis of Chongde.
62
阜陵質王延
King Zhi of Fuling, Liu Yan
63
阜陵質王延，建武十五年封淮陽公，十七年進爵為王，二十八年就國。 三十年，以汝南之長平、西華、新陽、扶樂四縣益淮陽國。 [90]
King Zhi of Fuling was duke of Huaiyang in Jianwu 15, king in Jianwu 17, and took his fief in Jianwu 28. In Jianwu 30 four Runan counties were added to Huaiyang. Editorial note ninety in the source.
64
延性驕奢而遇下嚴烈。 永平中，有上書告延與姬兄謝弇及姊館陶主婿駙馬都尉韓光招奸猾，作圖讖，祠祭祝詛。 事下案驗，光、弇被殺，辭所連及，死徙者甚觿。 有司奏請誅延。 顯宗以延罪薄於楚王英，故特加恩，徙為阜陵王，食二縣。
Yan was arrogant and harsh with subordinates. Under Yongping informers charged Yan with his concubine's brother Xie Yan and his sister's husband Han Guang for recruiting plotters, forging prognostications, and dark prayers. Investigators executed Han and Xie; confessions implicated many who died or were banished. The ministry asked for Yan's death. Emperor Ming judged Yan less guilty than King Ying of Chu and spared him as king of Fuling with two counties.
65
延既徙封，數懷怨望。 建初中，復有告延與子男魴造逆謀者，有司奏請檻車徵詣廷尉詔獄。 肅宗下詔曰：「王前犯大逆，罪惡尤深，有同周之管、蔡，漢之淮南。 [91]經有正義，律有明刑。 [92]先帝不忍親親之恩，枉屈大法，為王受愆，[93]腢下莫不惑焉。 今王曾莫悔悟，悖心不移，逆謀內潰，自子魴發，誠非本朝之所樂聞。 朕惻然傷心，不忍致王於理，今貶爵為阜陵侯，食一縣。 獲斯辜者，侯自取焉。 於戲誡哉！ 」赦魴等罪勿驗，使謁者一人監護延國，不得與吏人通。
After his transfer Yan nursed grievances. During Jianchu informers charged Yan and his son Fang with conspiracy; the ministry asked to haul them to the imperial prison in a cage cart. Emperor Zhang said: "The king's earlier treason matched the Guan and Cai of Zhou or Huainan under Han." [91] The canon demands justice; the code prescribes punishment." [92] The late emperor spared you for kinship and bent the law note ninety-three in the source—the whole court wondered at it." Now you show no remorse; treason festers until your son Fang exposes it—no joy for this court." My heart breaks—I cannot try you as a traitor: you are demoted to marquis of Fuling with one county. You brought this blame on yourself. Take heed!" " Fang and the rest are pardoned without trial; one herald will oversee your kingdom—you may not meet officials."
66
章和元年，行幸九江，賜延書與車駕會壽春。 帝見延及妻子，愍然傷之，乃下詔曰：「昔周之爵封千有八百，而姬姓居半者，所以楨榦王室也。 朕南巡，望淮、海，意在阜陵，遂與侯相見。 侯志意衰落，形體非故，瞻省懷感，以喜以悲。 今復侯為阜陵王，增封四縣，並前為五縣。 」以阜陵下濕，徙都壽春，加賜錢千萬，布萬匹，安車一乘，夫人諸子賞賜各有差。 明年入朝。
In Zhanghe 1 the emperor toured Jiujiang and summoned Yan to meet him at Shouchun. Seeing Yan with his family the emperor grieved and proclaimed: "Zhou once had eighteen hundred fiefs—half were Ji—to buttress the throne." I marched south toward Huai and the sea hoping to see Fuling—and met you, marquis." Your spirit flags and your body is changed—seeing you moves me to joy and sorrow." I restore you as king of Fuling with four new counties—five in all." " Because Fuling was damp the seat moves to Shouchun—with ten million cash, ten thousand bolts, one carriage, and graded gifts for wife and sons." The next year he attended court.
67
立五十一年薨，子殤王沖嗣。 永元二年，下詔盡削除前班下延事。
He ruled fifty-one years; King Shang Chong succeeded. In Yongyuan 2 an edict annulled every earlier decree against Yan.
68
沖立二年薨，無嗣。 和帝復封沖兄魴，是為頃王。 永元八年，封魴弟十二人為鄉、亭侯。
Chong ruled two years without an heir. Emperor He restored Fang, Chong's elder brother, as King Qing. In Yongyuan 8 twelve of Fang's brothers became village or pavilion marquises.
69
魴立三十年薨，子懷王恢嗣。 延光三年，封恢兄弟五人為鄉、亭侯。
Fang ruled thirty years; King Huai Hui succeeded. In Yanguang 3 five of Hui's brothers became village or pavilion marquises.
70
恢立十年薨，子節王代嗣。 陽嘉二年，封代兄便親為勃遒亭侯。
Hui ruled ten years; King Jie Dai succeeded. In Yangjia 2 Dai's elder brother Bianqin became pavilion marquis of Boqiu.
71
代立十四年薨，無子，國絕。
Dai ruled fourteen years without an heir; the kingdom lapsed.
72
建和元年，桓帝立勃遒亭侯便親為恢嗣，是為恭王。 立十三年薨，子孝王統嗣。 立八年薨，子王赦立； 建安中薨，無子，國除。
In Jianhe 1 Emperor Huan named Bianqin of Boqiu pavilion marquis as Hui's heir—later King Gong. He ruled thirteen years; King Xiao Tong succeeded. He ruled eight years; Wang She succeeded; He died in the Jian'an era without an heir; the kingdom was abolished.
73
廣陵思王荊
King Si of Guangling, Liu Jing
74
廣陵思王荊，建武十五年封山陽公，十七年進爵為王。
King Si of Guangling was duke of Shanyang in Jianwu 15 and king in Jianwu 17.
75
荊性刻急隱害，[94]有才能而喜文法。 光武崩，大行在前殿，荊哭不哀，而作飛書，封以方底，[95]令蒼頭詐稱東海王彊舅大鴻臚郭況書與彊曰：「君王無罪，猥被斥廢，而兄弟至有束縛入牢獄者。 太后失職，別守北宮，[96]及至年老，遠斥居邊，[97]海內深痛，觀者鼻酸。 及太后屍柩在堂，洛陽吏以次捕斬賓客，至有一家三屍伏堂者，痛甚矣！ 今天下有喪，弓弩張設甚備。 間梁松勑虎賁史曰：『吏以便宜見非，勿有所拘，[98]封侯難再得也。 』郎官竊悲之，為王寒心累息。 [99]今天下爭欲思刻賊王以求功，寧有量邪！ 若歸並二國之觿，可聚百萬，君王為之主，鼓行無前，功易於太山破雞子，輕於四馬載鴻毛，此湯、武兵也。 今年軒轅星有白氣，星家及喜事者，[100]皆云白氣者喪，軒轅女主之位。
Jing was harsh and secretive note ninety-four in the source yet talented and fond of legal craft. When Guangwu lay in state Jing showed no grief but forged a letter sealed square, sent by a slave posing as Guo Kuang to Qiang: You were innocent yet cast off—your brothers lie in chains." The empress dowager was ousted to the Northern Palace note ninety-six in the source—aged and banished note ninety-seven in the source—the empire weeps." While her bier stood in Luoyang officers slew her retainers—three bodies in one house—such grief!" The realm is in mourning—every bow is strung." Liang Song told the tiger guards: Do not spare clerks who exceed duty note ninety-eight in the source—a marquisate rarely comes twice." Court gentlemen shivered for you." [99] The empire schemes to wound you for merit—there is no limit!" Merge two kingdoms and raise a million under your banner—victory easier than smashing an egg on Tai—lighter than a goose feather in a chariot—true Tang-Wu warfare." This year white vapor marks Xuanyuan note one hundred in the source—omen of mourning for the ruling lady."
76
又太白前出西方，至午兵當起。 [101]又太子星色黑，至辰日輒變赤。 [102]夫黑為病，赤為兵，王努力卒事。 高祖起亭長，陛下興白水，何況於王陛下長子，故副主哉！ 上以求天下事必舉，下以雪除沉沒之恥，報死母之讎。 精誠所加，金石為開。 [103]當為秋霜，無為檻羊。 [104]雖欲為檻羊，又可得乎！ 竊見諸相工言王貴，天子法也。 人主崩亡，閭閻之伍尚為盜賊，欲有所望，何況王邪！ 夫受命之君，天之所立，不可謀也。 今新帝人之所置，強者為右。 願君王為高祖、陛下所志，[105]無為扶蘇、將閭叫呼天也。 」[106]強得書惶怖，即執其使，封書上之。
Great White advances from the west—by noon arms will stir." [101] The heir star is black—on chen days it turns red." [102] Black means plague, red means war—finish the deed." Gaozu was a village head—you rose from White Water—how much more you, eldest son and heir!" Strike high to master the realm and low to wash away shame and avenge your mother." Wholehearted resolve splits metal and stone." [103] Be autumn frost on the flock—not a sheep in the pen." [104] Even as penned sheep you cannot escape!" Physiognomists say your face bears the imperial pattern." When the emperor dies common thieves stake claims—how much more a prince!" Heaven sets the legitimate ruler—plotting cannot touch him." The new emperor is whoever seizes power—the strong lead." Match Gaozu and your father's will note one hundred five in the source—do not die like Fusu or Jianglu crying to heaven." [106] Qiang seized the courier and forwarded the sealed letter."
77
顯宗以荊母弟，秘其事，遣荊出止河南宮。 時西羌反，荊不得志，冀天下因羌驚動有變，私迎能為星者與謀議。 帝聞之，乃徙封荊廣陵王，遣之國。 其後荊復呼相工謂曰：「我貌類先帝。 先帝三十得天下，我今亦三十，可起兵未？ 」相者詣吏告之，荊惶恐，自繫獄。 帝復加恩，不考極其事，下詔不得臣屬吏人，唯食租如故，使相、中尉謹宿衛之。 荊猶不改。 其後使巫祭祀祝詛，有司舉奏，請誅之，荊自殺。 立二十九年死。 帝憐傷之，賜謚曰思王。
Emperor Ming hid the affair as fraternal kindness and lodged Jing in the Henan palace. When the western Qiang rebelled Jing hoped for turmoil and secretly consulted astrologers. Learning this the emperor made him king of Guangling and sent him to his fief. Later Jing asked a physiognomist: "I look like my father." Father took the realm at thirty—I am thirty—may I rise?" The man reported him; Jing surrendered to jail. The emperor spared him full trial: no officials might serve him—only rent—and the chancellor and commandant guarded him. Jing did not mend his ways. Later he sent witches to curse; the ministry demanded execution—Jing killed himself. He died in the twenty-ninth year of his reign. The emperor mourned him with the posthumous title Si.
78
十四年，封荊子元壽為廣陵侯，服王璽綬，食荊故國六縣； 又封元壽弟三人為鄉侯。 明年，帝東巡狩，徵元壽兄弟會東平宮，班賜御服器物，又取皇子輿馬，悉以與之。 建初七年，肅宗詔元壽兄弟與諸王俱朝京師。
In year 14 Yuanshou became marquis of Guangling with princely seals and six counties of Jing's old realm; three of Yuanshou's brothers became village marquises. The next year the emperor toured east, summoned Yuanshou and brothers to the East Peace palace, gave imperial wardrobe and princes' carriages and horses. In Jianchu 7 Emperor Zhang summoned Yuanshou and brothers with the other kings to court.
79
元壽卒，子商嗣。 商卒，子條嗣，傳國於後。
Yuanshou died; Shang succeeded. Shang died; Tiao inherited and passed the title down.
80
臨淮懷公衡
Duke Huai of Linhuai, Liu Heng
81
臨淮懷公衡，建武十五年立，未及進爵為王而薨，無子，國除。
Duke Huai of Linhuai was installed in Jianwu 15 but died before promotion to king without an heir—the kingdom lapsed.
82
中山簡王焉
King Jian of Zhongshan, Liu Yan
83
中山簡王焉，建武十五年封左* (馮) *翊公，十七年進爵為王。 焉以郭太后少子故，獨留京師。 三十年，徙封中山王。 永平二年冬，諸王來會辟雍，事畢歸蕃，詔焉與俱就國，從以虎賁官騎。 [107]焉上疏辭讓，顯宗報曰：「凡諸侯出境，必備左右，故夾谷之會，司馬以從。 [108]今五國各官騎百人，稱娖前行，[109]皆北軍胡騎，便兵善射，弓不空發，中必決眥。 [110]夫有文事必有武備，所以重蕃職也。 王其勿辭。 」帝以焉郭太后偏愛，特加恩寵，獨得往來京師。 十五年，焉姬韓序有過，焉縊殺之，國相舉奏，坐削安險縣。 [111]元和中，肅宗復以安險還中山。
King Jian of Zhongshan in Jianwu 15 was enfeoffed duke of Left— Feng— —Fengyi duke—and king in Jianwu 17. As Empress Guo's youngest son Yan alone stayed at court. In Jianwu 30 he became king of Zhongshan. In Yongping 2 winter the kings met at Biyong; when they left for their fiefs Yan was ordered with them and given tiger guard escort. [107] Yan declined; Emperor Ming answered: "Princes leaving the capital need escort—at Jiagu the marshal attended." [108] Each of five kingdoms gets a hundred riders note one hundred nine in the source—northern Hu cavalry who never miss." [110] Civil rule needs armed escort—that dignifies a prince." Do not refuse." " Because Empress Guo favored Yan he alone could travel to and from the capital. In year 15 Yan strangled a concubine named Han Xu; the chancellor reported him and Anxian county was stripped. [111] In Yuanhe Emperor Zhang restored Anxian to Zhongshan.
84
立五十二年，永元二年薨。 自中興至和帝時，皇子始封薨者，皆賻錢三千萬，布三萬疋； 嗣王薨，賻錢千萬、布萬疋。 是時竇太后臨朝，竇憲兄弟擅權，太后及憲等，東海出也，[112]故睦於焉而重於禮，加賻錢一億。 詔濟南、東海二王皆會。 大為修頤塋，開神道，[113]平夷吏人頤墓以千數，作者萬餘人。 發常山、鉅鹿、涿郡柏黃腸雜木，[114]三郡不能備，復調餘州郡工徒及送致者數千人。 凡征發搖動六州十八郡，制度餘國莫及。
He ruled fifty-two years and died in Yongyuan 2. Since the restoration a prince who died on first enfeoffment received thirty million cash and thirty thousand bolts; a successor prince ten million and ten thousand bolts. Empress Dowager Dou and her kin favored Yan note one hundred twelve in the source and added one hundred million cash. The kings of Jinan and the East Sea were summoned to the funeral. They raised a vast tomb and spirit path note one hundred thirteen in the source—leveling thousands of common graves—over ten thousand laborers. They took cypress from Changshan, Julu, and Zhuo note one hundred fourteen in the source—when three commanderies fell short other provinces sent thousands more. The draft stirred six provinces and eighteen commanderies—no other funeral matched it.
85
子夷王憲嗣。 永元四年，封憲弟十一人為列侯。
King Yi Xian succeeded. In Yongyuan 4 eleven of Xian's brothers became full marquises.
86
憲立二十二年薨，子孝王弘嗣。 永寧元年，封弘二弟為亭侯。
Xian ruled twenty-two years; King Xiao Hong succeeded. In Yongning 1 two of Hong's brothers became pavilion marquises.
87
弘立二十八年薨，子穆王暢嗣。 永和六年，封暢弟荊為南鄉侯。
Hong ruled twenty-eight years; King Mu Chang succeeded. In Yonghe 6 Chang's brother Jing became marquis of Nanxiang.
88
暢立三十四年薨，子節王稚嗣，無子，國除。
Chang ruled thirty-four years; King Jie Zhi died without an heir and the kingdom was abolished.
89
琅邪孝王京
King Xiao of Langye, Liu Jing
90
琅邪孝王京，建武十五年封琅邪公，十七年進爵為王。
Liu Jing, the Filial King of Langye, was first enfeoffed as duke of Langye in Jianwu 15; two years later he was raised to the rank of king.
91
京性恭孝，好經學，顯宗尤愛幸，賞賜恩寵殊異，莫與為比。 永平二年，以太山之蓋、南武陽、華，[115]東萊之昌陽、盧鄉、東牟六縣益琅邪。 [116]五年，乃就國。 光烈皇后崩，帝悉以太后遺金寶財物賜京。 京都莒，好修宮室，窮極伎巧，殿館壁帶皆飾以金銀。 [117]數上詩賦頌德，帝嘉美，下之史官。 京國中有城陽景王祠，吏人奉祠。 神數下言，宮中多不便利，京上書願徙宮開陽，以華、蓋、南武陽、厚丘、贛榆五縣[118]易東海之開陽、臨沂，肅宗許之。 立三十一年薨，葬東海即丘廣平亭，有詔割亭屬開陽。 [119]
Jing was humble and dutiful, steeped in the Classics; Emperor Ming doted on him and lavished honors no other prince could match. In Yongping 2 six counties—Gai, Nanwuyang, and Hua from Mount Tai, and Changyang, Luxiang, and Dongmou from Donglai—were added to Langye. [116] In the fifth year he finally took up residence in his kingdom. After Empress Guanglie passed away, the emperor turned over to Jing the entire legacy of gold, gems, and goods she had left. With his seat at Ju he poured wealth into palaces, pushing craft to its limits until galleries and friezes gleamed with gold and silver. [117] He repeatedly submitted verse and fu praising the court; the emperor commended the pieces and ordered them preserved among the official histories. His realm housed a temple to King Jing of Chengyang, where clerks and townspeople kept up the cult. Oracles kept insisting the palace site was inauspicious, so Jing asked to shift his capital to Kaiyang, trading five counties—Hua, Gai, Nanwuyang, Houqiu, and Ganyu—for Kaiyang and Linyi in Donghai. Emperor Zhang approved. After thirty-one years on the throne he died and was interred at Guangping Pavilion in Jiuqiu, Donghai; an edict transferred that pavilion district to Kaiyang. Manuscript note [119].
92
子夷王宇嗣。 建初七年，封宇弟十三人為列侯。 元和元年，封孝王孫二人為列侯。
His son, King Yi of Langye, Liu Yu, inherited the title. In Jianchu 7 thirteen of Yu's brothers were made full marquises. In Yuanhe 1 two of the late Filial King's grandsons were given full marquisates.
93
宇立二十年薨，子恭王壽嗣。 永初元年，封壽弟八人為列侯。
Yu ruled twenty years; King Gong Liu Shou succeeded him. In Yongchu 1 eight of Shou's brothers became full marquises.
94
立十七年薨，子貞王尊嗣。 延光二年，封尊弟四人為鄉侯。
After seventeen years he died; King Zhen Liu Zun succeeded. In Yanguang 2 four of Zun's brothers were made district marquises.
95
尊立十八年薨，子安王據嗣。 永和五年，封據弟三人為鄉侯。
Zun ruled eighteen years; King An Liu Ju followed. In Yonghe 5 three of Ju's brothers received district marquisates.
96
據立四十七年薨，子順王容嗣。 初平元年，遣弟邈至長安奉章貢獻，帝以邈為九江太守，封陽都侯。 [120]
Ju held the throne forty-seven years; King Shun Liu Rong succeeded. In Chuping 1 he dispatched his brother Miao to Chang'an with memorials and tribute; the emperor named Miao governor of Jiujiang and marquis of Yangdu. Manuscript note [120].
97
容立八年薨，國絕。
Rong ruled eight years; with his death the line lapsed and the fief was abolished.
98
初，邈至長安，盛稱東郡太守曹操忠誠於帝，操以此德於邈。 建安十一年，復立容子熙為王。 在位十一年，坐謀欲過江，被誅，國除。
When Miao first reached Chang'an he praised Cao Cao, governor of Dong, as loyal to the throne, and Cao Cao repaid that kindness. In Jian'an 11 Rong's son Xi was restored to the kingship. He ruled eleven years, then was executed for plotting to flee south of the river; the kingdom was abolished.
99
【贊】
Appraisal.
100
贊曰：光武十子，胙土分王。 沛獻尊節，楚英流放。 [121]延既怨詛，荊亦觖望。 濟南陰謀，琅邪驕宕。 中山、臨淮，無聞夭喪。 [122]東平好善，辭中委相。 謙謙恭王，寔惟三讓。
The appraisal runs: Guangwu's ten sons received fiefs and ruled as kings. The Duke of Pei kept his integrity; the Prince of Chu was cast away. [121] Yan muttered curses in bitterness; Jing too nursed thwarted hopes. Jinan schemed in the shadows; Langye turned extravagant and proud. Zhongshan and Linhuai passed young and left little mark. [122] Dongping pursued virtue and resigned the prime ministership mid-career. The Reverent King of humility thrice declined high office.
101
【校勘記】
Collation notes.
102
一四二三頁六行立母郭氏為*[皇]*后集解引沉欽韓說，謂案文少一「皇」字。 今據補。
p. 1423, l. 6, on enfeoffing Lady Guo as empress: Shen Qinhan notes the received text is missing 皇 (imperial). The character is supplied accordingly.
103
一四二四頁一二行使* (大) *司空持節護喪事據集解引錢大昕說刪。 按：袁紀作「司空魴」，無「大」字。
p. 1424, l. 12: manuscript lacuna after 使 (ordered). Variant gloss 'Grand'—some editions insert it before the minister of works in the following clause. The clause '*minister of works with credentials for the funeral' is struck per Qian Daxin in the Jijie. Note: Yuan ji has 'minister Fang' without 大 (grand).
104
一四二四頁一四行比陽公主按：校補引柳從辰說，謂「比」讀為「沘」。
p. 1424, l. 14, Princess of Biyang: Liu Congchen reads 比 as the river name Bi (沘).
105
一四二五頁一二行彊立十八年按：校補引柳從辰說，謂「八」疑「六」之鬥。 黃山謂此從郭后十七年被廢追數之，乃史之誤。
p. 1425, l. 12, 'ruled eighteen years': Liu Congchen suspects 八 (eight) is a misprint for 六 (six). Huang Shan argues the figure counts from Empress Guo's deposition in year 17 and reflects a scribal mistake.
106
一四二七頁二行封右* (馮) *翊公刊誤謂衍「馮」字。 集解引錢大昕說，謂中山王焉傳「封左馮翊公」，與此傳同，皆衍文也。 左翊、右翊蓋取嘉名，非分馮翊地為左右。 今據刪。
p. 1427, l. 2: lacuna after 'right.' Interlinear gloss 'Feng' for the place-name fragment. Kanwu holds 馮 is a superfluous graph in '*Yi duke.' Qian Daxin (Jijie) notes King Yan's biography has the same inflated 'Left Fengyi duke' phrasing—both are gloss creep. 'Left' and 'Right Yi' are honorific labels, not a partition of Fengyi commandery. The spurious 馮 is dropped accordingly.
107
一四二七頁六行封輔子寶為沛侯按：集解引錢大昕說，謂沛為王國之名，不應更有「沛侯」，疑字有鬥。
p. 1427, l. 6: Qian Daxin doubts 'marquis of Pei' because Pei was a kingdom title—likely corrupt wording.
108
一四二八頁一一行歡喜大恩按：汲本、集解本「大」作「天」。
p. 1428, l. 11: Ji and Jijie texts have 天 (heaven's) for 大 (great).
109
一四二八頁一二行尚浮屠之仁祠按：通鑒「祠」作「慈」。
p. 1428, l. 12: Zizhi tongjian has 慈 (compassion) for 祠 (shrine).
110
一四二九頁一〇行使伎人奴婢* (妓士) **[工技]*鼓吹悉從據汲本改。 按：刊誤謂「妓士」當作「工技」，梁節王傳中亦有工技也。
p. 1429, l. 10: lacuna after 'performers and slaves.' Alternate gloss 'female performers' joining the previous broken clause. Emended per Ji edition: **[craftsmen]* and full bands accompanied him.' Kanwu: read 妓士 as 工技; Liang Jie's biography uses the same term.
111
一四三〇頁七行肅宗封英子*[種]*楚侯* (種) *集解引錢大昕說，謂當云「封英子種楚侯」，傳寫顛倒耳。 今據改。
p. 1430, l. 7: broken text on enfeoffing Ying's son Zhong as marquis of Chu. Gloss: the personal name Zhong. Qian Daxin: the phrase should be 'enfeoffed Ying's son Zhong as marquis of Chu'—scribal transposition. The text is emended accordingly.
112
一四三〇頁一一行青蓋金華藻按：校補謂續志「藻」作「蚤」，蚤通爪，爪又通瑵，本謂車蓋上琱飾彩藻，故又可作「藻」也。
p. 1430, l. 11: Xu Han zhi uses 蚤 for 藻; editors explain the variant as carved canopy finial, so both readings work.
113
一四三一頁二行隰陰按：集解引惠棟說，謂本志及宗俱碑作「濕陰」，前書志作「漯陰」。 又引錢大昕說，謂「隰」蓋「漯」之鬥。
p. 1431, l. 2, Xiyin: Hui Dong notes 濕陰 in the treatise and stele, 漯陰 in Hanshu. Qian Daxin adds that 隰 likely miswrites 漯.
114
一四三一頁一二行惑亂和氣按：汲本、殿本「惑」作「感」。
p. 1431, l. 12: Ji and palace editions have 感 (stir) for 惑 (bewilder).
115
一四三二頁一〇行顧夷* (吾) **[吳]*地記云集解引惠棟說，謂此顧夷所撰吳地記也，「吳」訛「吾」。 今據改。
p. 1432, l. 10: lacuna after Gu Yi. Marginal gloss 'Wu'—corrupt for 吳 in the title below. Hui Dong (Jijie): Gu Yi's Wu di ji—吳 was miswritten as 吾. 吳 is restored accordingly.
116
一四三二頁一三行鼓吹妓女宋閏按：「妓」字當作「伎」，各本皆未正。 參閱梁冀傳校記。
p. 1432, l. 13: read 妓 as 伎 (musician)—still uncorrected in most prints. See the Liang Ji biography collation.
117
一四三二頁一四行永元十一年封錯弟七人為列侯按：汲本作「十二年」。
p. 1432, l. 14: Ji edition has Yongyuan 12 instead of 11.
118
一四三三頁七行要帶八圍汲本、殿本作「十圍」。 今按：御覽三七一、三七八引，並作「八圍」，疑作「十圍」者誤也。
p. 1433, l. 7: Ji and palace texts have ten spans around the waist instead of eight. Imperial Digest 371 and 378 both quote eight spans—ten is probably the error.
119
一四三三頁一〇行山陽之南平陽* (稾) **[橐]*湖陵五縣據殿本考證及集解引沉欽韓說改。 注同。
p. 1433, l. 10: lacuna after southern Pingyang. Place-name syllable Gao (稾) for the fragment below. Emended per palace Kaozheng and Shen Qinhan (Jijie) to **[Tuo]* and Huling, five counties.' The note matches this reading.
120
一四三五頁一四行宦三年矣按：「三」原斗「二」，逕改正。
p. 1435, l. 14: restore 三 (three); editions wrongly had 二 (two).
121
一四三五頁一四行而為簞食*[與肉以]*與之據汲本、殿本補。
p. 1435, l. 14: Ji and palace editions supply '*and meat to*' in the basket-of-rice clause.
122
一四三五頁一四行既而* (與) **[輒]*為公介*[士]*據汲本、殿本刪補。
p. 1435, l. 14: lacuna after 'thereupon.' Particle gloss 與 linking the broken clauses. Ji and palace editions delete/supplement to **then* as ducal guard *gentleman*.'
123
一四三七頁四行快然意解按：校補引錢大昭說，謂「快」通鑒作「恢」，注云恢然猶廓然也。
p. 1437, l. 4: Zizhi tongjian reads 恢 for 快—annotation glosses it as an expansive relief.
124
一四三九頁一四行*[禮云]*伯父歸寧乃國據汲本補。 按：殿本作「禮伯父歸寧乃國」。 刊誤謂此語本出儀禮，既下文有「詩云」字，既此亦當有「禮云」字。
p. 1439, l. 14: Ji edition adds the lead-in '*Rites say*' before the uncle's homecoming line. Palace edition runs the line as 'Rites: the uncle's homecoming to the state.' Kanwu: the line comes from Yili; because 'the Odes say' appears later, 'the Rites say' should lead this clause.
125
一四四〇頁四行乃獨封蒼五女為縣公主按：袁紀云封女三人皆為公主。
p. 1440, l. 4: Yuan ji records three princesses, not five.
126
一四四一頁三行輿馬按：校補引柳從辰說，謂東觀記作「賾馬」。
p. 1441, l. 3: Dongguan Han ji has a different graph cluster for 'horses' (賾馬).
127
一四四一頁九行惟建初八年三月己卯按：校補引錢大昭說，謂紀作「辛卯」。
p. 1441, l. 9: Annals give xinmao instead of jimao for that date.
128
一四四二頁四行忠立* (十) *一年薨集解引洪頤粻說，謂憲王建初八年薨，忠即以是年嗣，章帝紀元和元年九月乙未東平王忠薨，忠立僅一年，「十」字衍。 今據刪。
p. 1442, l. 4: lacuna after 'Zhong ruled.' Superfluous graph 十 (ten) before 'one year' in the received text. Hong Yisun (Jijie): King Xian died in Jianchu 8; Zhong succeeded and died in Yuanhe 1 after one year—delete stray 十. The erroneous 十 is removed accordingly.
129
一四四二頁六行驃騎時吏殿本考證謂「時」字應從通鑒作「府」。 今按：此謂蒼為驃騎將軍時之掾屬，「時」字亦非鬥，特通鑒改云「府吏」，較為明確耳。
p. 1442, l. 6: Palace editors prefer 府 (office) as in Zizhi tongjian for 時. These were staff when Cang held the cavalry command—時 is sound; Tongjian's 府 clerk is just clearer English.
130
一四四三頁七行左傳* (曰) *晉大夫士蒍之辭也「曰」字衍，各本皆未正，今刪。
p. 1443, l. 7: lacuna after Zuo zhuan. Superfluous 曰—supplied in error before the quotation. Continues the lacuna: the line attributes a saying to Jin minister Shi Wei. The stray 曰 is editorial noise and is struck.
131
一四四四頁一行桓帝立河閒孝王子* (恭為) *參戶亭侯博為任城王刊誤謂當作「桓帝立河閒孝王恭子參戶亭侯博為任城王」。 校補謂河閒孝王名開，不名恭，且謚以易名，諸王既稱謚，即不必定著其名，「恭為」二字皆屬誤衍。 今據校補說刪。
p. 1444, l. 1: lacuna after the king of Hejian's son. Erroneous gloss 'Gong wei'—see following collation. Kanwu: restore full line naming Gong's son Bo, marquis of Canhu, as king of Rencheng. Jiaobu: the prince was Kai; 'Gong wei' is spurious once the temple name is used. Deleted per Jiaobu.
132
一四四四頁四行靈帝復立河閒貞王* (遜) **[建]**[子]*新昌侯* (子) *佗為任城王校補謂貞王名建，靈帝紀及河閒孝王傳皆同，此作「遜」，誤。 又汲本、殿本「子」字在「新昌侯」上。 今據改。
p. 1444, l. 4: lacuna after the Upright King of Hejian. Wrong graph Xun for Jian—see note. Broken text: should name Jian's son, marquis of Xinchang. Particle zi showing misplaced word order in editions. Jiaobu: Upright King's name is Jian; 遜 is error. Ji and palace editions move 子 before Xinchang marquis. Emended accordingly.
133
一四四七頁一六行* (鴻) **[洪]*范五行傳據汲本、殿本改。
p. 1447, l. 16: lacuna. Marginal syllable Hong—corrupt for Hong in Hongfan. Emended to Hongfan per Ji and palace texts.
134
一四四九頁四行封左* (馮) *翊公刊誤謂案光武紀封焉左翊公，與右翊相配。 今按：此衍「馮」字，今刪，參閱前「封右翊公」條校記。
p. 1449, l. 4: lacuna after left. Spurious Feng gloss—same issue as Right Yi. Kanwu: Guangwu ji pairs Left and Right Yi. Drop redundant 馮; cf. Right Yi note.
135
一四四九頁五行諸王來會辟雍按：「辟」原斗「璧」，逕據汲本、殿本改正。
p. 1449, l. 5: restore 辟 for Biyong; was miswritten 璧.
136
一四五〇頁九行爾雅曰女子之子為出也汲本、殿本「為」作「謂」。 按：爾雅云「男子謂姊妹之子為出」。
p. 1450, l. 9: Ji/palace use 謂 (calls) for 為. Erya line: a man applies chu to a sister's son.
137
虎賁、旄頭、鐘虡解見光武紀。 縣音玄。
See Guangwu ji for tiger guard, mane vanguard, bells. Read 縣 as xuan (here).
138
恭王名余，景帝之子。 殿在今兗州曲阜城中，故基東西二十丈，南北十二丈，高丈餘也。
King Gong of Lu—Yu—was Emperor Jing's son. The ruin sits in Qufu: roughly twenty by twelve bu, over one zhang tall.
139
浸，漸也。
Jin: 'gradually,' 'by degrees.'
140
杜預注左傳云：「地中之泉，故曰黃泉。」
Du Yu: subterranean spring = Yellow Spring.
141
無男，無多男也。
'No male heir' means lacking abundant sons.
142
即婦人封侯也，若呂后之妹呂須封為臨光侯，蕭何夫人封為酇侯之類。
Examples of women as marquises: Lü Xu, Xiao He's wife.
143
私計天恩，不敢忘也。
Privately I reckon imperial grace and dare not forget it.
144
光武崩也。
Refers to Guangwu's death.
145
津門，洛陽南面西頭門也，一名津陽門。 每門皆有亭。
Jinmen: southwest gate of Luoyang, also Jinyang. Every city gate had its pavilion.
146
解並見光武及明帝紀。
Cross-ref. Guangwu and Mingdi ji.
147
四姓小侯，解見明帝紀。 夫人，蓋小侯之母也。
Four-surname minor hou—see Mingdi ji. Lady means the young marquis's mother.
148
前書曰：「卓獸不腢者，河閒獻王近之矣。」
Hanshu: King Xian of Hejian neared the ideal of standing apart from the crowd.
149
眥或為瘠。
Variant: 眥 or 瘠.
150
既祥之後而服練也。 禮記曰：「練衣黃裡縓緣。 」縓即紅也。 縓音七絹反。 鄭玄注周禮曰：「淺絳也。」
After xiang rites, wear lian (fine hemp). Liji quotation (opening). Quan means reddish trim. Quan: fanqie reading noted. Zheng Xuan: light crimson.
151
左氏傳曰：「晏桓子卒，晏嬰麤衰斬，苴絰帶，杖，菅屨，食粥，居倚廬，寢苫枕草。 其家老曰：『非大夫之禮也。 』」杜預注云：「時士及大夫衰服各有不同。」
Zuo: Yan Ying's mourning for Huanzi. House elder objects. Du Yu: ranks differed in mourning.
152
詩周頌之文。 克，能也。
From Zhou song. Ke: 'able to.'
153
僮，縣，屬臨淮郡，故城在今泗州宿預縣西南。
Tong county, Linhuai—site southwest of Suyu.
154
釐音僖，下皆同。
Xi pronunciation; same below.
155
取慮，縣，故城在今泗州下邳縣西南。 案：臨淮無須昌，有昌陽縣，蓋誤也。 取慮音秋閭。
Qulü county—southwest of Xiapi. Linhuai lacked Xuchang—likely mistook Changyang. Qulü read qiulü.
156
龍舒，縣，屬廬江郡，故城在今廬州廬江縣西也。
Longshu in Lujiang—west of modern Lujiang.
157
袁宏漢紀：「浮屠，佛也，西域天竺國有佛道焉。 佛者，漢言覺也，將以覺悟腢生也。 其教以修善慈心為主，不殺生，專務清靜。 其精者為沙門。 沙門，漢言息也，蓋息意去欲而歸於無為。 又以為人死精神不滅，隨復受形，生時善惡皆有報應，故貴行善修道，以煉精神，以至無生而得為佛也。 佛長丈六尺，黃金色，項中佩日月光，變化無方，無所不入，而大濟腢生。 初，明帝夢見金人長大，項有日月光，以問腢臣。 或曰：『西方有神，其名曰佛。 陛下所夢，得無是乎？ 』於是遣使天竺，問其道術而圖其形像焉。」
Yuan Hong: Fututu is Buddha; Tianzhu had the Buddhist teaching. 'Buddha' glosses as awakening—to awaken sentient beings. The teaching stressed kindness and compassion, ahimsa, and quietist practice. Elite practitioners became śramaṇas. Śramaṇa glossed as 'rest'—still the mind and cease craving. They taught rebirth, karmic reward, discipline toward awakening. Iconography: sixteen-foot golden body, radiant neck, omnipresent savior. Ming's dream of the golden man. Courtier: a western deity named Buddha. Perhaps Your Majesty's dream was he? Envoys sent to India for doctrine and images.
158
伊蒲塞即優婆塞也，中華翻為近住，言受戒行堪近僧住也。 桑門即沙門。
Upāsaka = lay follower staying near the sangha. Sangmen means śramaṇa.
159
今宣州縣也。
Modern Xuancheng county.
160
湯沐，解見皇后紀也。
Tangmu bath towns—see empress treatise.
161
軿猶屏也，自隱蔽之車。 蒼頡篇曰：「衣車也。」
Ping carriage: enclosed, screened. Cangjie pian: curtained carriage.
162
占護猶守護也。
Zhanhu = to guard.
163
續漢輿服志曰：「諸侯王赤綬四采，長二丈一尺。 皇子安車，青蓋金華藻。」
Xu Han yufu: royal kin red sash. Heir's carriage: green canopy, gold ornament.
164
六，縣名，屬廬江郡。
Liu county, Lujiang.
165
東武城屬清河郡，今貝州武城縣是。
Dongwucheng = Bei Zhou's Wucheng.
166
東朝陽在今齊州臨濟縣東。 西平昌，今德州般縣也。 般音補滿反。
East Chaoyang east of Linji. West Pingchang = Dezhou Pan. Pan: fanqie pu-man.
167
孝經諸侯章之義也。
Cf. Xiaojing, feudal lords chapter.
168
臺、隸賤職也，左氏傳曰：「人有十等，王臣公，公臣卿，卿臣大夫，大夫臣士，士臣皁，皁臣輿，輿臣隸，隸臣僚，僚臣僕，僕臣臺」也。
The note quotes Zuo's ten-rung ladder of service: at the bottom stand menial posts such as li and tai, the meanest of the mean.
169
言如蠶之食，漸至衰盡也。
Like silkworms eating silk—slow ruin.
170
巨，大也。 大萬謂萬萬。
Ju: 'great.' Da wan = ten thousand times ten thousand.
171
荒，廢也。 文彩繁多，則質以之廢，土木增構，則人殫其力，故云人亡。
Huang: waste, neglect. Ornament wastes substance; megaprojects exhaust the people.
172
左氏傳，楚靈王成章華之臺，後卒被殺。 杜預注云「臺在今南郡華容縣」也。
Chu Lingwang's Zhanghua terrace—then assassinated. Du Yu locates terrace in Huarong.
173
姑蘇臺一名姑胥臺。 越絕書曰：「胥門外有九曲路，闔廬以游姑蘇之臺，以望湖中。 」顧夷* (吾) **[吳]*地記云：「橫山北有小山，俗謂姑蘇臺。 」在今蘇州吳縣西。 闔廬後被越殺之。
Gusu / Guxu terrace. Yue jue shu: Helü at Gusu. Break after Gu Yi. Wu gloss for next line. Wu di ji: small hill north of Hengshan. West of Suzhou's Wu county. Helü later killed by Yue.
174
論語：「齊景公有馬千駟，死之日，人無德而稱焉。 」千駟，四千匹。
Analects: Jing's thousand teams, no virtue. One team = four horses; thousand teams = four thousand.
175
錯音七故反。
Cuo: fanqie.
176
四府掾史皆無四十人，今特置以優之也。
Four offices usually under forty clerks—exception made as honor.
177
南平陽，縣，故城今兗州鄒縣也。 * (稾) **[橐]*，縣，一名高平，故城在鄒縣西南。 湖陵故城在今兗州防與縣東南。
South Pingyang lay where modern Zou county, Yanzhou, stands. The lone asterisk flags missing text in the manuscript. The syllable Gao (稾) links to the place-name below. Tuo/Gao county southwest of Zou—also named Gaoping. Ancient Huling southeast of present Fangyu.
178
其志今亡。
That gazetteer no longer survives.
179
第，宅也。 有甲乙之次，故曰第。
Di: a ranked mansion. Houses graded jia, yi, etc.—hence 'ranked estate.'
180
禮記月令曰「孟春之月，無聚大觿，無置城郭。 仲春之月，無作大事，以防農事」也。
Yueling: early spring—no mass hunts or wall works. Mid-spring: forbid works that disrupt tillage.
181
尚書五行傳曰：「田獵不宿，飲食不享，出入不節，奪人農時，及有奸謀，則木不曲直。 」鄭玄注云：「木性或曲或直，人所用為器者也。 無故生不暢茂，多有折槁，是為不曲直也。 」前書音義曰：「不宿，不預戒日也。」
Hongfan: wood element faults when hunts, feasts, timing, and plots go wrong. Zheng Xuan on workable timber. Distorted growth means the wood omen. Yinyi: 'no overnight hunt' = no scheduled slaughter day.
182
皆游散之意。 詩曰：「於焉消搖。 」左氏傳曰：「橫流而仿佯。 」前書音義曰：「弭節猶按節也，言不盡意馳驅也。」
These glosses mean idle wandering. Shijing: carefree wandering. Zuo: drifting at large. Yinyi: mijie reins in the pace.
183
旄謂注旄於竿首。
Standard with yak hair at the staff head.
184
詩大雅之文也。 抑抑，密也。 隅，廉也。 言人審密於威儀抑抑然者，其德必嚴正，如宮室之制，內繩直則外有廉隅。
From Da ya. Yiyi: taut, dignified bearing. Yu: 'corner,' architectural edge. Inner discipline yields outer dignity—like straight foundation lines.
185
負薪，喻小人也。 易曰：「負且乘，致寇至。 」負也者小人之事，乘也者君子之器，以小人而乘君子之器，則盜思奪之矣。
Woodcutter load = commoner imagery. Zhou yi: porter riding invites theft. Menial work vs. noble carriage—mixed signals invite robbery.
186
簞，竹器也。 圓曰簞，方曰笥。 左氏傳曰：「晉宣子田於首山，捨於翳桑，見靈輒餓，曰：『不食三日矣。 』食之，捨其半。 問之，曰：『宦三年矣，未知母之存否，請遺之。 』使盡之，而為簞食*〔與肉以〕*與之。 既而* (與) **〔輒〕*為公介*〔士〕*，倒戟以御公徒而免之。 問何故，曰：『翳桑之餓人也。』」
Dan: bamboo food hamper. Round basket dan; square box si. Zuo: Zhao Dun meets starving Ling Zhe. Zhe saves half for his mother. Zhe's plea for his mother. Dun adds meat to the rice bundle. Lacuna after 'thereupon.' Particle yu linking broken clauses. Zhe repays the meal as Zhao's escort in ambush. He identifies himself as the mulberry beggar.
187
赤紱，大夫之服也。 詩曹風曰：「彼己之子，三百赤紱。 」刺其無德居位者多也。
Scarlet fu—minister's insignia. Cao feng satire on courtiers. Barbed portrait of overpaid nobles.
188
去王畿五百里曰甸服，又五百里曰侯服，又五百里曰綏服，又五百里要服，又五百里荒服。 儆，備也，音警。
Five concentric zones at five hundred li each. Read jing as 'prepare,' homophone with alarm.
189
有鼻，國名，其地在今永州營道縣北。 史記曰舜弟象封於有鼻也。
Youbi polity north of modern Yingdao. Shiji: Xiang's fief at Youbi.
190
漢官儀「將軍掾屬二十九人，中大夫無員，令史四十一人」也。
Han guanyi staff ceilings.
191
采菽，詩小雅之章也。 其詩曰：「采菽采菽，筐之筥之，君子來朝，何錫與之？ 」毛萇注云：「菽所以芼大牢而待君子也。」
Cai shu from Xiao ya. Opening lines of Cai shu. Mao: beans prep the royal banquet.
192
留禁中也。
Kept within the inner court.
193
韋昭注國語曰：「有眸子而無見曰蒙。」
Wei Zhao defines blind meng.
194
詩國風也。 忡忡猶沖沖。 降，下也。
Guo feng passage. Chongchong: restless, surging care. Jiang: 'to lower,' 'set down.'
195
風俗通曰：「古姓，周有古公但父，其後氏焉。 」湼陽主，光武女，竇固之妻也。
Gu surname from Danfu line. Princess Nieyang married Dou Gu.
196
貫行謂一皆遵奉也。 谷永曰「一以貫行，固執無違」也。
Guanxing: observe one thread throughout. Gu Yong's 'one cord of conduct.'
197
易曰：「謙德之柄。」
Yi: humility as virtue's grip.
198
禮記曰：「古者墓而不墳。 」故言不欲其著明。
Liji: flat graves, no tumuli. Hence Guangwu avoided ostentatious tombs.
199
穀梁傳曰：「人之所聚曰都。 」杜預注左傳曰：「郛，郭也。」
Guliang: du means metropolis. Du Yu: fu is outer rampart.
200
五時衣謂春青，夏朱，季夏黃，秋白，冬黑也。 衣單復具曰襲。
Seasonal court colors. Xi: layered winter/summer wear.
201
周禮：「追師掌王后之首服為副編。 」鄭玄云：「副，婦人首服，三輔謂之假紒。 」續漢書「帛」字作「皁」。
Zhou li on queen's hairpieces. Zheng: ceremonial wig pieces. Variant bo vs 皂 in Xu Hanshu.
202
詩國風曰：「凱風，美孝子也。 」「凱風自南，吹彼棘心，棘心夭夭，母氏劬勞。 爰有寒泉，在浚之下，有子七人，母氏勞苦。 」寒泉在今濮州濮陽縣。
Kai feng preface. Lines from Kai feng. Hanquan stanza continuation. Hanquan site at modern Puyang.
203
孔子廟在魯曲阜城中。 伍緝之從征記曰：「魯人藏孔子所乘車於廟中，是顏路所請者也。 獻帝時，廟遇火，燒之。 」冠履解見鐘離意傳。
Temple to Kongzi in Qufu. Wu Jizhi on the saint's cart. Han Xiandi-era fire destroyed the relic. Footwear note—see Zhongli Yi.
204
前書天馬歌曰「太一況，天馬下，沾赤汗，沫流赭」也。
Tianma ge quotation.
205
閒音閒。
Read character jian as idle/leisure homophone.
206
說文曰：「貂，鼠屬也，大而黃黑，出丁零國。」
Shuowen: sable-like diao from Dingling.
207
儀禮曰「覲禮，諸侯至於郊，王使皮弁用璧勞，侯氏亦皮弁迎於帷門之外，再拜。 天子賜舍，曰：『賜伯父舍。 』同姓西面，北上； 異姓東面，北上。 侯氏裨冕，釋幣於檷，乘墨車，載龍旗、弧韣，乃朝以瑞玉，有繅。 天子負斧扆，曰：『伯父實來，余一人嘉之。 』奉束帛匹馬，卓上九馬隨之，奠幣再拜。 侯氏降，天子辭於侯氏曰：『伯父無事，歸寧乃邦。 』侯氏再拜稽首而出」也。
The Yili scene: the lords halt at the outer sacrifice zone; the king's leather-capped heralds with jade reward them, and the guest lord, likewise capped, waits beyond the screen door and bows twice. Royal hospitality formula. Kin lords array west. Alien lords face east. Feudal lord's audience kit. King welcomes ally by axe-screen. Gift protocol at audience. Dismissal formula for feudal lord. Exit obeisance.
208
詩魯頌之文也。 叔父謂周公也。 建元子謂封伯禽也。
Lu song citation. Shu refers to Zhou Gong. Jian yuan zi = invest Boqin.
209
見前書王莽傳。
Cross-ref. Wang Mang zhuan.
210
贊謂贊者不唱其名。
Zan: silent herald.
211
左傳隨武子之辭也。 等威，威儀有等差也。
Zuo: Sui Hui's formula. Ranked ceremonial awe.
212
踧踖，謙讓貌也。
Cuji: cramped humble posture.
213
飲酎，解見章紀。
Zhōu libation—see Zhang ji.
214
大鴻臚奏王歸國，小黃門受詔者。
Honglu vs. eunuch courier.
215
率，循也。 越，違也。
Shuai: 'to follow.' Yue: 'to violate.'
216
傅音敷。 敷，布也。 書曰：「克慎明德，敷聞在下。」
Fu read like敷 distribute. Fu: 'to publish,' 'spread abroad.' Shang shu: virtue and renown among the people.
217
俾，使也。 屏，蔽也。 左氏傳曰「昊天不吊，不憖遺老，俾屏余一人，殺殺余在疚」也。
Bi: 'cause to.' Bing: 'to shield.' Zuo: heaven's indifference to the aged king.
218
離，被也。 言非憲王誰更被蒙此恩也。
Li: 'to suffer (calamity).' No one but King Xian deserved such grace.
219
陵在今鄲州東峗山南。 峗音魚委反。
Mound south of Mount Wei, east Danzhou. Pronounce 峗 as wei (魚委).
220
憂累既近，所喪必大。
Grief at hand foretells great loss.
221
言其本志然也。
This was his true wish.
222
遜，讓也。
Xun: 'yield,' 'defer.'
223
左傳* (曰) *晉大夫士蒍之辭也。 吳太伯，周太王之長子，讓其弟季歷，因適吳、越採藥，大王沒而不反，事見史記也。
Lacuna after Zuo zhuan. Superfluous yue before quotation. Completes broken quotation attribution. Taibo's flight to Wu—see Shiji.
224
亢父、樊並屬東平國。 亢父故城在今兗州任城縣南。 樊故城在今瑕丘縣西南也。
Kangfu and Fan in Dongping. Ancient Kangfu south of Rencheng. Ancient Fan southwest of Xiaqiu.
225
杜預注左傳曰：「今丹水縣北有三戶亭。 」故城在今鄧州內鄉縣西南也。
Du Yu: Three Households pavilion north of Danshui. Site southwest of Neixiang.
226
長平故城在今陳州宛丘縣西北，西華故城在今溵水縣西北，新陽故城在今豫州真陽西南，扶樂故城在今陳州太康縣北也。
Four Han county seats located relative to Song-era towns.
227
淮南厲王長，高帝子，文帝時反，被遷於蜀而死也。
Huainan king Chang—banished and died in Shu.
228
公羊傳曰：「君親無將，將而必誅。 」前書曰：「大逆無道，父母、妻子、同產無少長皆棄市。」
Gongyang: no treason against lord or father. Hanshu penalty for great treason.
229
愆，過也。 反而不誅，先帝之過，故言為王受過也。
Qian: 'fault,' 'offense.' Past leniency means the king paid for prior mercy.
230
隱害謂陰害於人也。
Yinhai: covert injury.
231
方底囊，所以盛書也。 前書曰：「綠綈方底。」
Square-bottom bag for tablets. Hanshu green-taffeta document case.
232
太后，郭后也。 職，常也。 失其常位，別遷北宮。
The dowager is Lady Guo. Zhi: 'regular office.' Demoted to Northern Palace quarters.
233
封之於魯。
Investiture at Lu.
234
以便宜之事而有非者，當即行之，勿拘常制也。
Act on discretion—break routine if needed.
235
累息猶疊息也。
Leixi: layered sighs.
236
喜事猶好事也。 喜音許氣反。
Xishi: eager for business. Xi read xuqi cut.
237
* (鴻) **[洪]*范五行傳曰：「太白，少陰之星，以己未為界，不得經天而行。 太白經天而行為不臣。 」今至午，是為經天也。
Manuscript gap before the treatise name. Hong syllable—variant for Hongfan. Hongfan opens Venus omen. Venus overhead = ministerial treason. At noon—zenith crossing.
238
天官書曰「心前星，太子之位」也。
Tian guan: star before heart = heir.
239
韓詩外傳曰：「昔者楚熊渠子夜行，見寢石，以為伏虎，彎弓而射之，沒金飲羽。 下視，知其石也，因復射之，矢摧無跡。 熊渠子見其誠心而金石為之開，而況人乎。」
Xiong Quzi shoots stone tiger. Second shot proves sincerity. Sincerity moves stone.
240
秋霜，肅殺於物。 檻羊，受制於人。
Autumn frost slays growth. Penned sheep—under another's power.
241
陛下即光武也。
Addresses Emperor Guangwu.
242
扶蘇，秦始皇之太子。 將閭，庶子也。 扶蘇以數諫始皇，使與蒙恬守北邊。 始皇死於沙丘，少子胡亥詐立，賜扶蘇死。 將閭昆弟三人囚於內宮。 胡亥使謂將閭曰：「公子不臣，罪當死。 」將閭乃仰天而大呼天者三，曰：「天乎！ 吾無罪。 」昆弟三人皆流涕，伏劒自殺。 事見史記。
Fusu, Qin heir. Jianglu was a younger son. Fusu exiled north with Meng Tian. Hu Hai's forged edict kills Fusu. Three princes held in inner palace. Hu Hai charges treason. Jianglu's triple cry to heaven. Protests innocence. Triple suicide. See Shiji.
243
漢官儀：「騶騎，王家名官騎。」
Zouqi = royal mounted escort.
244
穀梁傳曰，公會齊侯於頰谷，齊人鼓噪，欲以執魯君。 孔子歷階而上，命司馬止之。 左氏傳「頰谷」作「夾谷」。
Guliang: Jiagu crisis. Kongzi stops Qi by marshal. Zuo zhuan spells the conference site 夾谷; Guliang uses 頰谷 for the same place.
245
娖音楚角反。 稱娖猶齊整也。 行音胡郎反。
Chuo pronunciation. Chuo: orderly. Hang read hulang.
246
司馬相如子虛之文。
Zixu fu citation.
247
安險屬中山郡。
Anxian in Zhongshan.
248
爾雅曰「女子之子為出」也。
Erya chu gloss.
249
墓前開道，建石柱以為標，謂之神道。
Shendao: avenue with pillars before tomb.
250
黃腸，柏木黃心。
Huangchang: cypress core planks.
251
蓋縣故城在今沂州沂水縣西北。 南武陽縣故城在今沂州費縣西，又華縣故城在費縣東北也。
Gai northwest of Yishui. South Wuyang and Hua near Fei.
252
昌陽，今萊州縣也，故城在今聞登縣西南。 盧鄉故城今昌陽縣西北。 東牟故城在聞登縣西北也。
Changyang / Wendeng locale. Luxiang northwest of Changyang. East Mou northwest of Wendeng.
253
壁帶，壁中之橫木也，以金銀為釭，飾其上。
Carved wall belt with metal bosses.
254
華縣、蓋縣、南武陽屬泰山郡，厚丘屬東海郡，贛榆屬琅邪郡。
County jurisdictions listed.
255
開陽，縣，屬東海郡，故城在今沂州臨沂縣北。
Kaiyang north of Linyi.
256
陽都，縣，屬城陽國，故城在今沂州承縣南。 承音常證反。
Yangdu south of Cheng. Cheng reading.
257
尊音祖本反。 禮記曰：「恭敬撙節。 」鄭玄注云：「撙，趨也。」
Zun pronunciation. Liji on deferential conduct. Zheng: zun = hasten.
258
二王早終，名聞未著也。
Two princes died young and obscure.