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志第十九郡国一
Treatise 19: Commanderies and Principalities, Part I
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《汉书·地理志》记天下郡县本末及山川奇异、风俗所由，至矣。 今但录中兴以来郡县改异及《春秋》、三史会同征伐地名，以为《郡国志》。 凡《前志》有县名今所不载者，皆世祖所并省也。 前无今有者，后所置也。 凡县名先书者，郡所治也。
The Geography Treatise in the Book of Han exhaustively traces every commandery and county in the empire, notes remarkable mountains and rivers, and explains how regional customs arose. This chapter records only post-restoration changes among commanderies and counties, plus battle-related placenames where the Spring and Autumn and the three standard histories agree—hence the title Commanderies and States. Any county listed in the earlier Geography but omitted here was folded into another unit or struck from the rolls under Emperor Guangwu. Entries that had no Western Han predecessor were added in subsequent reigns. The county named first in each list is the commandery seat.
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河南河内河东弘农京兆冯翊扶风
The Inspectorate lists the commanderies Henan, Henei, Hedong, Hongnong, Jingzhao, Fengyi, and Fufeng.
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帝王世記曰：「自天地設闢，未有經界之制。三皇尚矣。諸子稱神農之王天下也，地東西九十萬里，南北八十五萬里。及黃帝受命，始作舟車，以濟不通。乃推分星次，以定律度。自斗十一度至婺女七度，一名須女，曰星紀之次，於辰在丑，謂之赤奮若，於律為黃鍾，斗建在子，今吳、越分野。自婺女八度至危十六度，曰玄枵之次，一名天黿，於辰在子，謂之困敦，於律為大呂，斗建在丑，今齊分野。自危十七度至奎四度，曰豕韋之次，一名娵訾，於辰在亥，謂之大淵獻，於律為太蔟，斗建在寅，今衛分野。自奎五度至胃六度，曰降婁之次，於辰在戌，謂之閹茂，於律為夾鍾，斗建在卯，今魯分野。自胃七度至畢十一度，曰大梁之次，於辰在酉，謂之作噩，於律為姑洗，斗建在辰，今趙分野。自畢十二度至東井十五度，曰實沈之次，於辰在申，謂之涒灘，於律為中呂，斗建在巳，今晉、魏分野。自井十六度至柳八度，曰鶉首之次，於辰在未，謂之協洽，於律為蕤賓，斗建在午，今秦分野。自柳九度至張十七度，曰鶉火之次，於辰在午，謂之敦牂，一名大律，於律為林鍾，斗建在未，今周分野。自張十八度至軫十一度，曰鶉尾之次，於辰在巳，謂之大荒落，於律為夷則，斗建在申，今楚分野。自軫十二度至氐四度，曰壽星之次，於辰在辰，謂之執徐，於律為南呂，斗建在酉，今韓分野。自氐五度至尾九度，曰大火之次，於辰在卯，謂之單閼，於律為無射，斗建在戌，今宋分野。自尾十度至斗十度百三十五分而終，曰析木之次，於辰在寅，謂之攝提格，於律為應鍾，斗建在亥，今燕分野。凡天有十二次，日月之所躔也；地有十二分，王侯之所國也。故四方方七宿，四七二十八宿，合百八十二星。東方蒼龍三十二星，七十五度；北方玄武三十五星，九十八度四分度之一；西方白虎五十一星，八十度；南方朱雀六十四星，百一十二度。周天三百六十五度四分度之一。一度二千九百三十二里，分為十二次，一次三十度三十二分度之十四，各以附其七宿閒。距周天積百七萬九百一十三里，徑三十五萬六千九百七十一里。陽道左行，故太歲右轉，凡中外官常明者百二十四，可名者三百二十，合二千五百星。微星之數，凡萬一千五百二十星，萬物所受，咸系命焉。此黃帝創制之大略也。而佗說稱日月所照三十五萬里。考諸子所載，神農之地，過日月之表，近為虛誕。及少昊氏之衰，九黎亂德，其制無聞矣。洎顓頊之所建，帝嚳受定，則孔子稱其地北至幽陵，南暨交阯，西蹈流沙，東極蟠木，日月所照，莫不底焉，是以建萬國而制九州。至堯遭洪水，分為十二州，今虞書是也。及禹平水土，還為九州，今禹貢是也。是以其時九州之地，凡二千四百三十萬八千二十四頃，定墾者九百三十萬六千二十四頃，不墾者千五百萬二千頃，民口千三百五十五萬三千九百二十三人。至于塗山之會，諸侯承唐虞之盛，執玉帛亦有萬國。是以山海經稱禹使大章步自東極，至于西垂，二億三萬三千五百里七十一步。又使豎亥步自南極，盡於北垂，二億三萬三千五百里七十五步。四海之內，則東西二萬八千里，南北二萬六千里，出水者八千里，受水者八千里，經名山五千三百五十，六萬四千五十六里。出銅之山四百六十七，出鐵之山三千六百九。以供財用，儉則有餘，奢則不足。以男女耕織，不奪其時，故公家有三十年之積，私家有九年之儲。及夏之衰，棄稷弗務，有窮之亂，少康中興，乃復禹跡。孔甲之至桀行暴，諸侯相兼，逮湯受命，其能存者三千餘國，方於塗山，十損其七。民離毒政，將亦如之。殷因於夏，六百餘載，其閒損益，書策不存，無以考之。又遭紂亂，至周剋商，制五等之封，凡千七百七十三國，又減湯時千三百矣。民眾之損，將亦如之。及周公相成王，致治刑錯，民口千三百七十一萬四千九百二十三人，多禹十六萬一千人，周之極盛也。其後七十餘歲，天下無事，民彌以息。及昭王南征不反，穆王失荒，加以幽、厲之亂，平王東遷，三十餘載，至齊桓公二年，周莊王之十三年，五千里內，非天王九儐之御，自世子公侯以下至於庶民，凡千一百八十四萬七千人，除有土老疾，定受田者九百萬四千人。其後諸侯相并，當春秋時，尚有千二百國。二百四十二年之中，殺君三十六，亡國五十二，諸侯奔走不得保社稷者，不可勝數。至于戰國，存者十餘。於是從橫短長之說，相奪於時，殘民詐力之兵，動以萬計。故崤有匹馬之禍，宋有易子之急，晉陽之圍，縣釜而炊，長平之戰，血流漂鹵。周之列國，唯有燕、衛、秦、楚而已。齊及三晉，皆以篡亂，南面稱王。衛雖得存，不絕若綫。然考蘇、張之說，計秦及山東六國，戎卒尚存五百餘萬，推民口數，尚當千餘萬。及秦兼諸侯，置三十六郡，其所殺傷，三分居二；猶以餘力，行參夷之刑，收太半之賦，北築長城四十餘萬，南戍五嶺五十餘萬，阿房、驪山七十餘萬，十餘年閒，百姓死沒，相踵于路。陳、項又肆其餘烈，故新安之坑，二十餘萬，彭城之戰，睢水不流。至漢祖定天下，民之死傷，亦數百萬。是以平城之卒，不過三十萬，方之六國，五損其二。自孝惠至文、景，與民休息，六十餘歲，民眾大增，是以太倉有不食之粟，都內有朽貫之錢。武帝乘其資畜，軍征三十餘歲，地廣萬里，天下之眾亦減半矣。及霍光秉政，乃務省役，至于孝平，六世相承，雖時征行，不足大害，民戶又息。元始二年，郡、國百三，縣、邑千五百八十七，地東西九千三百二里，南北萬三千三百六十八里，定墾田八百二十七萬五百三十六頃，民戶千三百二十三萬三千六百一十二，口五千九百一十九萬四千九百七十八人，多周成王四千五百四十八萬五十五人，漢之極盛也。及王莽篡位，續以更始、赤眉之亂，至光武中興，百姓虛耗，十有二存。中元二年，民戶四百二十七萬千六百三十四，口二千一百萬七千八百二十人。永平、建初之際，天下無事，務在養民，迄于孝和，民戶滋殖。及孝安永初、元初之閒，兵飢之苦，民人復損。至于孝桓，頗增於前。永壽二年，戶千六百七萬九百六，口五千六萬六千八百五十六人，墾田亦多，單師屢征。及靈帝遭黃巾，獻帝即位而董卓興亂，大焚宮廟，劫御西遷，京師蕭條，豪桀並爭，郭汜、李傕之屬，殘害又甚，是以興平、建安之際，海內凶荒，天子奔流，白骨盈野，故陝津之難，以箕撮指，安邑之東，后裳不完，遂有寇戎，雄雌未定，割剝庶民，三十餘年。及魏武皇帝剋平天下，文帝受禪，人眾之損，萬有一存。景元四年，與蜀通計民戶九十四萬三千四百二十三，口五百三十七萬二千八百九十一人。又案正始五年，揚威將軍朱照日所上吳之所領兵戶凡十三萬二千，推其民數，不能多蜀矣。昔漢永和五年，南陽戶五十餘萬，汝南戶四十餘萬，方之於今，三帝鼎足，不踰二郡，加有食祿復除之民，凶年飢疾之難，見可供役，裁若一郡。以一郡之人，供三帝之用，斯亦勤矣。自禹至今二千餘載，六代損益，備於茲焉。」臣昭案：謐記云春秋時有千二百國，未知所出。班固云周之始，爵五而土三，蓋千八百國。轉相吞滅，數百年閒，列國耗盡，至春秋時，尚有數十。
The Diwang shiji says, “From the opening of heaven and earth there was not yet any system of territorial boundaries. The Three Sovereigns were too remote. The various masters say that when Shennong ruled all under heaven, the land measured 900,000 li east to west and 850,000 li north to south. When the Yellow Emperor received the mandate, he first made boats and carts to cross what had not been passable. He then calculated the stellar stations and lunar lodges in order to fix the pitch-pipes and measures. From 11 degrees of Dipper to 7 degrees of Weaving Maid, also called Maid, was the station of Xingji; among the earthly branches it was at chou, called Chifenruo; in the pitch-pipes it was Huangzhong; when the Dipper handle pointed to zi, this was today the field-allocation of Wu and Yue. From 8 degrees of Weaving Maid to 16 degrees of Rooftop was Xuanxiao, also called Tianyuan; at zi, called Kundun; in the pitch-pipes Dalu; with the Dipper handle at chou; today the field-allocation of Qi. From 17 degrees of Rooftop to 4 degrees of Legs was Shiwei, also called Zouzi; at hai, called Dayuanxian; in the pitch-pipes Taicu; with the Dipper handle at yin; today the field-allocation of Wei. From 5 degrees of Legs to 6 degrees of Stomach was Jianglou; at xu, called Yanmao; in the pitch-pipes Jiazhong; with the Dipper handle at mao; today the field-allocation of Lu. From 7 degrees of Stomach to 11 degrees of Net was Daliang; at you, called Zuo’e; in the pitch-pipes Guxian; with the Dipper handle at chen; today the field-allocation of Zhao. From 12 degrees of Net to 15 degrees of Eastern Well was Shishen; at shen, called Tuntan; in the pitch-pipes Zhonglü; with the Dipper handle at si; today the field-allocation of Jin and Wei. From 16 degrees of Well to 8 degrees of Willow was Chunshou; at wei, called Xiaqia; in the pitch-pipes Ruibin; with the Dipper handle at wu; today the field-allocation of Qin. From 9 degrees of Willow to 17 degrees of Extended Net was Chunhuo; at wu, called Dunzang, also called Dalü; in the pitch-pipes Linzhong; with the Dipper handle at wei; today the field-allocation of Zhou. From 18 degrees of Extended Net to 11 degrees of Chariot was Chunwei; at si, called Dahuangluo; in the pitch-pipes Yize; with the Dipper handle at shen; today the field-allocation of Chu. From 12 degrees of Chariot to 4 degrees of Root was Shouxing; at chen, called Zhixu; in the pitch-pipes Nanlü; with the Dipper handle at you; today the field-allocation of Han. From 5 degrees of Root to 9 degrees of Tail was Dahuo; at mao, called Dan’e; in the pitch-pipes Wuyi; with the Dipper handle at xu; today the field-allocation of Song. From 10 degrees of Tail through 10 degrees and 135 parts of Dipper was Ximu; at yin, called Shetige; in the pitch-pipes Yingzhong; with the Dipper handle at hai; today the field-allocation of Yan. In all, heaven has twelve stations, the paths trodden by sun and moon; earth has twelve divisions, the states of kings and lords. Thus each of the four quarters has seven lodges; four times seven makes twenty-eight lodges, comprising 182 stars. The Azure Dragon of the east has 32 stars and 75 degrees; the Dark Warrior of the north has 35 stars and 98 and one-quarter degrees; the White Tiger of the west has 51 stars and 80 degrees; the Vermilion Bird of the south has 64 stars and 112 degrees. The circuit of heaven is 365 and one-quarter degrees. One degree is 2,932 li, divided into twelve stations; one station is 30 degrees and 14/32 of a degree, each attached between its seven lodges. The circumference distant around heaven totals 1,070,913 li, and the diameter is 356,971 li. The solar path moves left, so Grand Year turns right. In all, the constantly bright inner and outer offices are 124; those that can be named are 320; together they make 2,500 stars. As for the number of small stars, there are altogether 11,520 stars, and the destinies received by the myriad things are all bound to them. This is the broad outline of the Yellow Emperor’s founding system. But another account says what the sun and moon illuminate is 350,000 li. Examining what the masters record, Shennong’s land extended beyond the surface of the sun and moon, which is close to absurdity. When the line of Shaohao declined, the Jiuli threw virtue into disorder, and nothing is heard of its system. When it came to what Zhuanxu established and Emperor Ku received and fixed, Confucius said its land reached Youling in the north, Jiaozhi in the south, the Flowing Sands in the west, and Panmu in the east; wherever the sun and moon shone, there was no place it did not reach. Therefore he established the myriad states and regulated the Nine Provinces. When Yao encountered the flood, he divided them into twelve provinces; this is the present Book of Yu. When Yu calmed the waters and lands, they returned to nine provinces; this is the present Yu Tribute. Thus in his time the land of the Nine Provinces amounted to 24,308,024 qing; fixed cultivated land was 9,306,024 qing, uncultivated land was 15,002,000 qing, and the population was 13,553,923 persons. At the assembly at Tushan, the lords inherited the prosperity of Tang and Yu, and those who held jade and silk numbered also ten thousand states. Therefore the Classic of Mountains and Seas says Yu had Dazhang pace from the eastern limit to the western border, 200,033,571 paces, and also had Shuhai pace from the southern limit to the northern border, 200,033,575 paces. Within the four seas, east to west was 28,000 li, north to south 26,000 li; the lands from which waters emerged were 8,000 li, and those that received waters were 8,000 li. The classic names 5,350 famous mountains over 64,056 li. There were 467 mountains producing copper and 3,609 producing iron. To supply resources, with frugality there was surplus, and with extravagance there was insufficiency. Because men and women plowed and wove without having their seasons taken from them, public houses had stores for thirty years, and private households had reserves for nine years. When Xia declined, it abandoned grain and did not attend to it. In the disorder of Youqiong and the restoration under Shaokang, Yu’s traces were restored. From Kong Jia to Jie, conduct was violent, and the lords annexed one another. By the time Tang received the mandate, more than three thousand states could still survive; compared with Tushan, seven in ten had been lost. The people’s departure from poisonous rule was probably like this too. Yin followed Xia for more than six hundred years; records of losses and gains in that interval do not survive, so they cannot be examined. It also met the disorder of Zhou. When Zhou overcame Shang and created the five grades of enfeoffment, there were 1,773 states, again 1,300 fewer than in Tang’s time. The loss in population was probably like this too. When the Duke of Zhou assisted King Cheng, he brought about such order that punishments were set aside; the population was 13,714,923, 161,000 more than under Yu, the height of Zhou prosperity. For more than seventy years afterward, all under heaven had no affairs, and the people grew ever more numerous. When King Zhao went south and did not return, King Mu lost himself in distant wandering, and the disorders of You and Li were added, King Ping moved east. More than thirty years later, in the second year of Duke Huan of Qi, the thirteenth year of King Zhuang of Zhou, within five thousand li, excluding the heavenly king’s nine grades of attendants, from heirs apparent, dukes, and marquises down to the common people, there were altogether 11,847,000 people; subtracting those with land, the aged, and the infirm, those fixed to receive fields numbered 9,004,000. After that, the lords annexed one another; in the Spring and Autumn period there were still 1,200 states. In 242 years, thirty-six rulers were killed and fifty-two states perished, and the lords who fled about unable to preserve their altars of soil and grain were beyond counting. By the Warring States, those that survived numbered a little more than ten. Thereupon the doctrines of alliance and opposition, long and short strategies, competed in the age, and armies that harmed the people and relied on deceitful force moved in tens of thousands. Thus Xiao had the disaster of the single horse; Song had the extremity of exchanging children; in the siege of Jinyang, cauldrons were hung up for cooking; at the battle of Changping, blood flowed enough to float shields. Of Zhou’s arrayed states, only Yan, Wei, Qin, and Chu remained. Qi and the Three Jin all faced south as kings through usurpation and disorder. Though Wei survived, it was like a thread not yet cut. Yet examining the sayings of Su and Zhang, counting Qin and the six states east of the mountains, there were still more than five million soldiers, and reckoning the population there still should have been more than ten million people. When Qin annexed the lords and established thirty-six commanderies, those killed and wounded made up two parts in three. Still, with its remaining strength, it carried out the punishment of exterminating three kin-groups, collected taxes of more than half, used more than 400,000 men to build the Great Wall in the north, more than 500,000 to garrison the Five Ranges in the south, and more than 700,000 at Epang and Mount Li. In little more than ten years, commoners died one after another along the roads. Chen Sheng and Xiang Yu further unleashed the remaining violence; therefore the pit at Xin’an took more than 200,000, and in the battle of Pengcheng the Sui River would not flow. By the time the Han founder settled all under heaven, deaths and injuries among the people also numbered several million. Therefore the soldiers at Pingcheng were no more than 300,000; compared with the six states, two-fifths had been lost. From Emperor Hui to Wen and Jing, the court rested with the people for more than sixty years, and the population greatly increased. Therefore the grand granary had grain that went uneaten, and the capital treasury had strings of cash that rotted. Emperor Wu relied on these stores, but military campaigns lasted more than thirty years, his territory expanded by ten thousand li, and the population under heaven was also reduced by half. When Huo Guang held government, he attended to reducing labor services. By Emperor Ping, six reigns had succeeded one another; although there were occasional campaigns, they were not enough to do great harm, and the households again increased. In Yuanshi 2, there were 103 commanderies and kingdoms and 1,587 counties and towns. The land measured 9,302 li east to west and 13,368 li north to south. Fixed cultivated fields were 8,270,536 qing; households numbered 13,233,612, and persons 59,194,978, which was 45,480,055 more than under King Cheng of Zhou: the height of Han prosperity. When Wang Mang usurped the throne, followed by the disorders of Gengshi and the Red Eyebrows, down to Guangwu’s restoration, the common people were exhausted, and only two in ten survived. In Zhongyuan 2, households numbered 4,271,634 and persons 21,007,820. In the Yongping and Jianchu periods, all under heaven had no affairs and the work was to nourish the people; down to Emperor He, households multiplied. During the Yongchu and Yuanchu periods of Emperor An, the hardships of war and famine again reduced the people. By Emperor Huan, they had somewhat increased over before. In Yongshou 2, households numbered 16,070,906 and persons 50,066,856; cultivated land was also abundant, though single armies were repeatedly sent out. When Emperor Ling encountered the Yellow Turbans, Emperor Xian came to the throne and Dong Zhuo raised disorder, burned the palaces and temples, and forced the imperial carriage west. The capital was desolate, strongmen contended together, and the likes of Guo Si and Li Jue caused still worse destruction. Therefore in the Xingping and Jian’an years, within the seas there was famine and devastation. The Son of Heaven wandered in flight; white bones filled the fields. At the disaster of Shaan Ford, fingers were gathered with dustpans; east of Anyi, the empress had no complete skirt. Then there were raids and warfare, no victor yet determined, and the common people were stripped and cut away for more than thirty years. When Emperor Wu of Wei had conquered and pacified all under heaven and Emperor Wen received the abdication, of the population only one in ten thousand survived. In Jingyuan 4, counting together with Shu, households numbered 943,423 and persons 5,372,891. Also, according to the report submitted in Zhengshi 5 by Zhu Zhao, General Who Displays Might, the military households commanded by Wu altogether numbered 132,000; extrapolating its population, it could not have been more than Shu. Formerly, in Han Yonghe 5, Nanyang had more than 500,000 households and Runan more than 400,000; compared with the present, the three emperors standing like the feet of a tripod do not exceed two commanderies. Add to this the people who receive stipends and exemptions, and the difficulties of famine years and epidemics: those who can be presented for service amount scarcely to one commandery. To use the people of one commandery to supply the needs of three emperors is indeed burdensome. From Yu to the present, more than two thousand years have passed, and the increases and decreases of six dynasties are fully set out here.” Chen Zhao notes: Mi’s record says there were 1,200 states in the Spring and Autumn period; it is not known where this comes from. Ban Gu says that at the beginning of Zhou there were five ranks of nobility and three grades of territory, amounting to about 1,800 states. They swallowed and destroyed one another, and over several hundred years the arrayed states were exhausted; by Spring and Autumn times, only several dozen remained.
5
◎河南尹秦三川郡，高帝更名。 世祖都雒阳，建武十五年改曰河南尹。 二十一城，永和五年户二十万八千四百八十六，口百一万八百二十七。
◎ Henan (Administrator's jurisdiction): Qin's Three Rivers Commandery, renamed under Emperor Gaozu. After Guangwu fixed his capital at Luoyang, Jianwu 15 elevated the office to Administrator of Henan. Twenty-one county seats; the Yonghe 5 census recorded 208,486 households and 1,012,027 people.
6
〖雒阳〗摯虞曰：「古之周南，今之雒陽。」魏氏春秋曰：「有委粟山，在陰鄉，魏時營為圓丘。」皇覽曰：「縣東北山萇弘冢，縣北芒山道西呂不韋冢。」周时号成周。公羊傳曰：「成周者何？東周也。」何休曰：「周道始成，王之所都也。」帝王世記曰：「城東西六里十一步，南北九里一百步。」晉元康地道記曰：「城內南北九里七十步，東西六里十步，為地三百頃一十二畝有三十六步。城東北隅周威烈王冢。」 有狄泉，在城中。 有唐聚。 有上程聚。 有士乡聚。 有褚氏聚。 有荣锜涧。 有前亭。 有圉乡。 有大解城。左傳昭二十三年晉師次于解，杜預曰縣西南有大解、小解。
Luoyang: Zhi Yu says, “The ancient Zhounan is today’s Luoyang.” The Wei shi chunqiu says, “There was Weisu Mountain, in Yinxiang, which in Wei times was leveled to make the Round Mound.” The Huanglan says, “On a mountain northeast of the county was Chang Hong’s tomb, and north of the county, west of the road on Mang Mountain, was Lu Buwei’s tomb.” Zhou documents called the city Chengzhou. The Gongyang Tradition says, “What is Chengzhou? It is Eastern Zhou.” He Xiu explains, “The Zhou Way first came to completion there; it was where the king made his capital.” The Diwang shiji says, “The city was six li and eleven paces east to west and nine li and one hundred paces north to south.” The Jin Yuankang didao ji says, “Inside the city it was nine li and seventy paces north to south and six li and ten paces east to west, making an area of three hundred qing, twelve mu, and thirty-six paces. In the northeast corner of the city was the tomb of King Weilie of Zhou.” Di Spring lies within the city. It includes the settlement of Tang. It includes the settlement of Shangcheng. It includes the settlement of Shixiang. It includes the Chu surname settlement. It includes the Rongqi Gorge. It includes Front Pavilion. It includes Yu township. It includes Great Xie city. In Duke Zhao 23 of the Zuo Tradition, the Jin army halted at Xie; Du Yu places Great Xie and Little Xie southwest of the county.
7
〖河南〗帝王世記曰：「城西有郟鄏陌，太康畋于有雒之表，今河之南。」本傳有負犢山。周公时所城雒邑也，春秋时谓之王城。鄭玄詩譜曰：「周公攝政五年，成王宅雒邑，使邵公先相宅，既成，謂之王城。」博物記曰：「王城万七百二十丈，郛方一十里，南望雒水，北至陝山。」地道記曰去雒城四十里。左傳定八年「單子伐穀城」，杜預曰在縣西。 东城门名鼎门，帝王世記曰：「東南門九鼎所從入。」又曰：「武王定鼎雒陽西南，雒水北鼎中觀是也。」北城门名乾祭。左傳昭二十四年「士伯立於乾祭」。皇覽曰：「城西南柏亭西周山上周靈王冢，民祠之不絕。」 又有甘城，杜預曰縣西南有甘泉。有蒯乡。左傳昭二十三年尹辛攻蒯。晉地道記曰：「在縣西南，有蒯亭。」
Henan: the Diwang shiji says, “West of the city was Jiaru Road; Taikang hunted on the plain of Youluo, today south of the Yellow River.” This biography records Mount Fudu. This was Luoyi, fortified by the Duke of Zhou; Spring and Autumn sources call it the royal city. Zheng Xuan’s Poetry Prefaces says, “In the fifth year of the Duke of Zhou’s regency, King Cheng dwelt at Luoyi and had the Duke of Shao first inspect the site. When it was completed, it was called the royal city.” The Bowu ji says, “The royal city was 10,720 zhang, and the outer wall was ten li square, looking south to the Luo River and reaching north to Shan Mountain.” The Didiao ji says it was forty li from Luo city. In Duke Ding 8 of the Zuo Tradition, “Danzi attacked Gucheng”; Du Yu places it west of the county. The east gate was Ding Gate. The Diwang shiji says, “The southeast gate was where the Nine Tripods entered,” and also, “King Wu settled the tripods southwest of Luoyang; north of the Luo River, Dingzhong Guan is this place.” The north gate was Ganji. In Duke Zhao 24 of the Zuo Tradition, “Shi Bo stood at Ganji.” The Huanglan says, “On Western Zhou Mountain west of Baiting southwest of the city was the tomb of King Ling of Zhou; the people’s sacrifices to it did not cease.” It also held Gan city; Du Yu places Gan Spring southwest of the county. Kuai Township was here as well. In Duke Zhao 23 of the Zuo Tradition, Yin Xin attacked Kuai. The Jin didao ji says, “It was southwest of the county, and there was Kuai Pavilion.”
8
〖梁〗故国，伯翳后。 有霍阳山。 有注城。
〖Liang〗 Ancient polity, traditionally the line of Boyi. Huoyang Mountain lies within its borders. It includes Zhu city.
9
〖荧阳〗有鸿沟水。 有广武城。 有虢亭，虢叔国。 有陇城。 有薄亭。 有敖亭。 有荧泽。
〖Yingyang〗 The Honggou Canal runs here. It includes Guangwu city. Guo pavilion marks the domain associated with Guo Shu. It includes Long city. It includes Bo pavilion. It includes Ao pavilion. It includes Ying Marsh.
10
〖卷〗有长城，经阳武到密。 有垣雍城，或曰古衡雍。 有扈城亭。左傳莊二十三年「盟于扈」，杜預曰在縣西北。
〖Juan〗 The Long Wall runs through here, from Yangwu toward Mi. Yuanyong city—identified by some as ancient Hengyong—stands here. It had Hucheng Pavilion. The Zuo Tradition says, “They covenanted at Hu,” in Duke Zhuang 23; Du Yu places it northwest of the county.
11
〖原武〗
Yuanwu County.
12
〖陽武〗有武彊城。史記曰曹參攻武彊。秦始皇東遊至陽武博浪沙中，為盜所驚。
Yangwu had Wuqiang City. The Records of the Historian says Cao Can attacked Wuqiang. When the First Emperor of Qin traveled east and reached Bolang Sands in Yangwu, he was startled by bandits.
13
〖中牟〗左傳宣元年諸侯救鄭，遇于北林，杜預曰縣西南有林亭，在鄭北。有圃田澤。左傳曰原圃。爾雅十藪，鄭有圃田。 有清口水。 有管城。 有曲遇聚。 有蔡亭。
Zhongmou: in Duke Xuan 1, when the lords rescued Zheng, the Zuo Tradition says they met at Beilin; Du Yu places Lin Pavilion southwest of the county, north of Zheng. It had Putian Marsh, called Yuanpu in the Zuo Tradition. Among the Erya’s ten marshes, Zheng had Putian. The mouth of the Qingshui River is here. It includes Guan city. It includes Quyu settlement. It includes Cai pavilion.
14
〖開封〗左傳哀十四年「逢澤有介麋」，杜預曰在縣東北，遠，疑非。徐廣曰逢池也。
Kaifeng: the Zuo Tradition says, “At Feng Marsh there was a great elk,” in Duke Ai 14. Du Yu places it northeast of the county, though that is far away and seems doubtful; Xu Guang says it was Feng Pond.
15
〖菀陵〗有棐林。左傳宣元年諸侯會于棐林，杜預曰縣東南有林鄉。徐齊民北征記曰：「縣東南有大隧澗，鄭莊公所闕。又大城東臨濮水，水東溱水注于洧，城西臨洧水。」 有制泽。 有琐候亭。
Wanling had Feilin. The Zuo Tradition says the lords met at Feilin in Duke Xuan 1, and Du Yu places Lin Township southeast of the county. Xu Qimin’s Beizheng ji says, “Southeast of the county is Dasui Ravine, which Duke Zhuang of Zheng cut through. Also, the great city borders the Pu River on the east; east of the river, the Zhen River flows into the Wei, and the city borders the Wei River on the west.” It includes Zhi Marsh. It includes Suohou pavilion.
16
〖平阴〗
〖Pingyin County〗
17
〖穀城〗瀍水出。 有函谷关。 西征記曰：「函谷左右絕岸十丈，中容車而已。」
〖Gucheng〗 The Chan River rises here. Hangu Pass stands here. The Xizheng ji says: "At Hangu, sheer cliffs ten zhang high rise on both sides, with only enough room between them for a carriage."
18
〖缑氏〗左傳曰呂相絕秦伯，「殄滅我費、滑」，杜預曰滑國都於費，今緱氏縣。 案本紀，縣有百坏山。 干寶搜神記曰：「縣有延壽城。」 有邬聚。 左傳王取鄔、劉，杜預曰鄔在縣西南。 有轘轅關。瓚曰：「險道名，在縣東南。」
〖Goushi〗 In the Zuo Tradition, when Lü Xiang breaks with the Earl of Qin, he says, "You annihilated our Fei and Hua"; Du Yu explains that Hua’s capital was at Fei, the present Goushi county. The Basic Annals record Mount Baihuai in this county. Gan Bao’s Soushen ji says: "The county has Yanshou city." Wu settlement lay within the county. The Zuo Tradition says the king took Wu and Liu; Du Yu places Wu southwest of the county. Huanyuan Pass is here. Zan says, “It was the name of a perilous road, southeast of the county.”
19
〖巩〗鞏伯國。左傳曰「商湯有景亳之命」，杜預曰縣西南有湯亭。帝王世記曰：「湯亭〔在〕偃師。」又曰：「夏太康五弟，須于雒汭，在縣東北三十里。」有尋谷水。左傳昭二十三年王師、晉師圍鄩中。史記張儀曰「下兵三川，塞什谷之口」，徐廣曰縣有尋口。 有东訾聚，今名訾城。 有坎埳聚。 有黄亭。 有湟水。 有明谿泉。左傳昭二十二年「賈辛軍于谿泉」。
Gong: the old state of the Earl of Gong. The Zuo Tradition says, “Shang Tang had the mandate at Jingbo”; Du Yu places Tang Pavilion southwest of the county. The Diwang shiji says, “Tang Pavilion was at Yanshi,” and also, “Taikang’s five younger brothers of Xia awaited him at the Luo bend, thirty li northeast of the county.” Xungu River flowed through the county. In Duke Zhao 23 of the Zuo Tradition, the royal army and the Jin army besieged Xunzhong. In the Records of the Historian, Zhang Yi said, “Send troops down into Sanchuan and block the mouth of Shigu”; Xu Guang says the county had Xun Mouth. Dongzi settlement—now known as Zi city—is recorded here. Kanxian settlement lay within the county. It includes Huang pavilion. The Huang River runs here. Mingxi Spring is found here. In Duke Zhao 22 of the Zuo Tradition, “Jia Xin camped at Xiquan.”
20
〖成睾〗史記曰，成睾北門名玉門。左傳「破燕師于北制」。杜預曰「北制，一名虎牢」，亦即此縣也。穆天子傳曰：「七萃之士，生搏虎而獻天子，命為柙，而畜之東虢，是曰虎牢。」左傳曰鄭子皮勞晉韓宣子于索氏，杜預曰縣東有大索城。尚書禹貢「至于大岯」，張揖云成睾縣山。又有旋門阪，縣西南十里，見東京賦。有旃然水。左傳襄十八年楚伐鄭，次旃然。 有瓶丘聚。 有漫水。 有汜水。左傳曰周襄王處鄭地汜。
Chenggao: the Records of the Historian says Chenggao’s northern gate was named Jade Gate. The Zuo Tradition says, “They broke the Yan army at Northern Zhi.” Du Yu explains, “Northern Zhi, also called Hulao,” identifying it with this county. The Mu Tianzi zhuan says, “Men of the Seven Elite seized a tiger alive and presented it to the Son of Heaven. He ordered a cage made for it and kept it in Eastern Guo; this was called Hulao.” The Zuo Tradition says Zichan of Zheng feasted Han Xuanzi of Jin at Suo; Du Yu places Great Suo city east of the county. The Yu Tribute in the Book of Documents says, “as far as Great Pi”; Zhang Yi says this was a mountain in Chenggao county. Xuanmen Slope was also ten li southwest of the county; see the Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital. The Zhanran River flows here. In Duke Xiang 18 of the Zuo Tradition, Chu attacked Zheng and halted at Zhanran. It includes Pingqiu settlement. The Man River runs here. The Si River runs here. The Zuo Tradition says King Xiang of Zhou settled the Zheng lands at Si.
21
〖京〗鄭共叔所居，左傳云「謂之京城大叔」。應劭曰：「有索亭。楚漢戰京、索。」北征記又有索水。
Jing: Gongshu of Zheng lived here. The Zuo Tradition says, “He was called the great uncle of Jing city.” Ying Shao says, “It had Suo Pavilion. Chu and Han fought at Jing and Suo.” The Beizheng ji also records Suo River.
22
〖密〗春秋時曰新城，傳曰新密。僖六年諸侯圍新城，杜預曰一名密縣。有大騩山。山海經曰：「大騩之山，其陰多鐵，多美堊。有草焉，狀如蓍而毛，青華而白實，其名曰𦵧，服者不夭。」 有梅山。 有陘山。史記魏襄王六年伐楚，敗之陘山。秦破魏華陽，地亦在縣。杜預遺令曰：「山上有冢，或曰子產，邪東北向新鄭城，不忘本也。」
Mi: in Spring and Autumn times it was called Xincheng, and the Tradition calls it Xinmi. In Duke Xi 6, the lords besieged Xincheng; Du Yu says it was also called Mi county. Great Gui Mountain rises here. The Classic of Mountains and Seas says, “On Great Gui Mountain, the northern slope has much iron and fine white clay. A plant grows there, shaped like yarrow and hairy, with blue flowers and white fruit; its name is wang, and those who eat it do not die young.” Mei Mountain lies within the county. Xing Mountain lies within the county. The Records of the Historian says that in the sixth year of King Xiang of Wei, Wei attacked Chu and defeated it at Xing Mountain. Qin’s defeat of Wei at Huayang also took place in this county. Du Yu’s final instructions say, “On the mountain there is a tomb; some say it is Zichan’s, slanting northeast toward the city of Xinzheng, not forgetting his origin.”
23
〖新城〗左傳曰文十七年周敗戎于邥垂，杜預曰縣北有垂亭。史記秦遷西周公於單心狐，徐廣曰「與陽人聚相近，在雒陽南百五十里梁、新城之閒」。有高都城。史記蘇代說韓相國以高都與周者。 有廣成聚。有廣成菀。 有鄤聚，古鄤氏，今名蛮中。左傳昭十六年楚殺鄤子，杜預曰縣東南有蠻城。又祭遵獲張滿也。
Xincheng: the Zuo Tradition says that in Duke Wen 17, Zhou defeated the Rong at Shenchui; Du Yu places Chui Pavilion north of the county. The Records of the Historian says Qin moved the Duke of Western Zhou to Danxinhu; Xu Guang says, “It was near Yangren settlement, 150 li south of Luoyang, between Liang and Xincheng.” Gaodu city stood here. The Records of the Historian notes Su Dai persuading the chancellor of Han by citing the transfer of Gaodu to Zhou. It includes Guangcheng settlement and Guangcheng Marsh. Man settlement, seat of the ancient Man clan, is today called Manzhong. In Duke Zhao 16 of the Zuo Tradition, Chu killed the Viscount of Man; Du Yu places Man city southeast of the county. Ji Zun also captured Zhang Man there.
24
〖匽师〗帝王世記曰：「帝嚳所都，殷盤庚復南亳，是為西亳。」皇覽曰「北有睾繇祠」，又曰「有湯亭，有湯祠」。有尸乡。帝王世記曰：「尸鄉在縣西二十里。」春秋时曰尸氏。左傳昭二十六年劉人敗子朝之師于尸氏。前書田橫自殺處。
Yanshi: the Diwang shiji says, “This was where Emperor Ku made his capital; Pan Geng of Yin again made Nanbo his capital, and this was Western Bo.” The Huanglan says, “To the north was a shrine to Gaoyao,” and also, “There was Tang Pavilion and Tang Shrine.” Shi Township was here. The Diwang shiji says, “Shi Township was twenty li west of the county.” In Spring and Autumn times it was called the Shi clan. In Duke Zhao 26 of the Zuo Tradition, the men of Liu defeated Prince Chao’s army at Shi. The Former Han places Tian Heng’s suicide here.
25
〖新郑〗《诗》郑国，祝融墟。
〖Xinzheng〗 Zheng of the Odes; the ruined mound of Zhurong.
26
皇甫謐曰：「古有熊國，黃帝之所都。」
Huangfu Mi says: "In antiquity there was the state of Youxiong, where the Yellow Emperor had his capital."
27
〖平〗高帝置。 雒阳北百二十里。 十八城，户十五万九千七百七十，口八十万一千五百五十八。
Ping county was founded by Emperor Gaozu. It lies one hundred twenty li north of Luoyang. Eighteen counties; the registers show 159,770 households and 801,558 people.
28
〖怀〗有隰城。左傳曰王取鄭隰城，杜預曰在縣西南。傳又曰卻至與周爭鄇田，杜預曰縣西南有鄇人亭。
Huai contained Xicheng. The Zuo Tradition says the king took Xicheng from Zheng; Du Yu places it southwest of the county. The Tradition also says Xi Zhi disputed Hou fields with Zhou; Du Yu places Houren Pavilion southwest of the county.
29
〖河阳〗左傳曰王與鄭盟，杜預曰縣南孟津。有湛城。
Heyang: the Zuo Tradition says the king made a covenant with Zheng; Du Yu places Meng Ford south of the county. Zhan city stood here.
30
〖轵〗左傳曰王以蘇忿生田向與鄭，杜預曰縣西北地名向上。有原乡。左傳曰王與鄭原，杜預曰沁水西北有原城。 有湨梁。左傳曰襄十六年諸侯會湨梁。
Zhi: the Zuo Tradition says the king gave Zheng Su Fensheng’s field at Xiang; Du Yu identifies Xiangshang as a place northwest of the county. Yuan Township lay here. The Zuo Tradition says the king gave Zheng Yuan; Du Yu places Yuan city northwest of Qinshui. Jueliang stood here. The Zuo Tradition says that in Duke Xiang 16 the lords met at Jueliang.
31
〖波〗有絺城。左傳曰王與鄭絺，杜預曰在野王縣西南。
Bo contained Chicheng. The Zuo Tradition says the king gave Zheng Chi; Du Yu places it southwest of Yewang county.
32
〖沁水〗山海經曰沁水出井陘東。
Qinshui: the Classic of Mountains and Seas says the Qin River rises east of Jingxing.
33
〖野王〗有太行山。 有射犬聚。 有□城。
〖Yewang〗 Mount Taihang dominates the county. Shequan settlement lies here. Another city name survives only as a lacuna in the sources.
34
〖温〗苏子所都。 济水出，王莽时大旱，遂枯绝。
〖Wen〗 Ancient seat of the Su lineage. The Ji River rises here; Wang Mang's drought years left its channel dry.
35
〖州〗
〖Zhou County〗
36
〖平睾〗有邢丘，故邢国，周公子所封。 有李城。
〖Pinggao〗 Xingqiu preserves the old Xing polity enfeoffed to a son of the Duke of Zhou. Li city lies within the county.
37
〖山阳〗邑。 有雍城。 有蔡城。
〖Shanyang〗 Classed administratively as a town (yi). It includes Yong city. It includes Cai city.
38
蔡叔邑此，猶鄭管城之類乎？
The note suggests Cai Shu’s fief lay here, comparable to Zheng’s Guancheng.
39
〖武德〗〖获嘉〗侯国。
Wude; Huojia was held as a marquisate.
40
〖脩武〗故南阳，秦始皇更名。 有南阳城，阳樊、攒茅田。 有小脩武聚。 有隤城。
〖Xiuwu〗 Once called Nanyang until Qin Shi Huang rechristened it. Sites include Nanyang city, Yangfan, and the Zanmao fields. Little Xiuwu settlement is recorded here. It includes Tui city.
41
〖共〗本国。 淇水出。前志注曰水出北山。博物記曰：「有奧水，流入淇水，有綠竹草。」 有凡亭。凡伯邑。
〖Gong〗 Territory of the ancient Gong polity. The Qi River has its source here. The commentary to the Former Treatise says the water comes from the northern mountains. The Bowu ji says, “There is the Ao River, which flows into the Qi River, and there is green bamboo grass.” Fan Pavilion stood here, the settlement of Earl Fan.
42
〖汲〗晉地道記曰有銅關。
Ji: the Jin didao ji records Copper Pass here.
43
〖朝歌〗有鹿腹山。纣所都居，帝王世記曰紂糟丘、酒池、肉林在城西。前書注曰鹿臺在城中。南有牧野，去縣十七里。北有邶国，南有宁乡。史記旡忌說魏安僖王曰「通韓上黨於共寧」，徐廣曰有寧鄉。左傳曰襄二十三年「救晉，次雍榆」，杜預曰縣東有雍城是也。
Zhaoge: Mount Lufu was here. This was King Zhou’s capital. The Diwang shiji says Zhou’s Dregs Hill, Wine Pool, and Meat Forest were west of the city, and the commentary to the Former Han says Deer Terrace was inside the city. Muye lay seventeen li to the south; Bei was to the north, and Ning Township to the south. In the Records of the Historian, Wuji tells King Anxi of Wei, “Open Han’s Shangdang through Gongning”; Xu Guang says Ning Township was here. The Zuo Tradition says that in Duke Xiang 23, “they rescued Jin and halted at Yongyu”; Du Yu identifies this with Yong city east of the county.
44
〖荡阴〗有羑里城。韋昭曰：「羑音酉。文王所拘處。」
Dangyin contained Youli city. Wei Zhao says, “You is pronounced like you. It was the place where King Wen was detained.”
45
〖林虑〗故隆虑，殇帝改。 有铁。
〖Linlu〗 Once Longlu until Emperor Shang rechristened it. Iron ore is mined here.
46
徐廣曰：「洹水所出。 蘇秦合諸侯盟處。」 班叔皮遊居賦亦曰「漱余馬乎洹泉，嗟西伯於牖城」。
Xu Guang says: "The Huan River rises here. It is where Su Qin brought the feudal lords together in covenant." Ban Shupi’s "Rhapsody on Roaming and Dwelling" also says, "I water my horse at Huan Spring and sigh for the Earl of the West at You city."
47
◎河东郡秦置，雒阳西北五百里。 博物記曰：「有山澤近鹽。 沃土之民不才，漢興少有名人，大衣冠三世皆衰絕也。」 二十城，户九万三千五百四十三，口五十七万八百三。
◎ Hedong Commandery: a Qin foundation lying five hundred li northwest of Luoyang. The Bowu ji says: "Its mountains and marshes lie near salt deposits. The people of this fertile land lack talent; since Han rose, it has produced few famous men, and its great capped-and-gowned families have all declined and died out within three generations." Twenty counties; registers record 93,543 households and 570,803 people.
48
〖安邑〗帝王世記曰：「縣西有鳴條陌。湯伐桀，戰昆吾亭。左傳昆吾與桀同日亡。」地道記〔巫〕咸山在南。有鐵，有鹽池。前志曰池在縣西南。魏都賦注曰在猗氏六十四里。楊佺期雒陽記曰：「河東鹽池長七十里，廣七里，水氣紫色。有別御鹽，四面刻如印齒文章，字妙不可述。」
Anyi: According to the Diwang shiji, “West of the county was Mingtiao Road. Tang attacked Jie and fought at Kunwu Pavilion. The Zuo Tradition says Kunwu and Jie perished on the same day.” The Didiao ji places Mount Wuxian to the south. The county had iron and the Salt Pond. The Former Treatise says the pond lay southwest of the county, and the commentary to the Rhapsody on the Wei Capital says it was sixty-four li from Yishi. Yang Quanqi’s Luoyang ji says, “The Hedong Salt Pond is seventy li long and seven li wide, and its vapors are purple. There is a separate imperial salt, carved on all four sides with patterns like seal teeth; the subtlety of its characters cannot be fully described.”
49
〖杨〗有高梁亭。
〖Yang〗 Gaoliang pavilion stands within the county.
50
〖平阳〗侯国。 有铁。 尧都此。 晉地道記曰有堯城。
〖Pingyang〗 Held as a marquisate. Iron deposits occur here. Tradition places Emperor Yao's capital here. The Jin Didiao ji says there was Yaocheng.
51
〖臨汾〗博物記曰有賈鄉，賈伯邑。有董亭。左傳曰晉改蒐于董，杜預曰縣有董亭。
Linfen: The Bowu ji records Jia Township, the settlement of Earl Jia. It had Dong Pavilion. The Zuo Tradition says Jin moved its grand hunt to Dong; Du Yu places Dong Pavilion in this county.
52
〖汾陰〗博物記曰：「古之綸，少康邑。」有介山。縣西北有狐谷亭。郭璞爾雅注曰：「縣有水口，如車輪許，濆沸涌出，其深無限，名之為瀵。」
Fenyin: The Bowu ji says, “Ancient Lun was Shaokang’s settlement.” It had Mount Jie, and northwest of the county was Hugu Pavilion. Guo Pu’s commentary to the Erya says, “The county has a water mouth about as large as a cartwheel; it gushes and boils forth, and its depth has no limit. It is named Fen.”
53
〖蒲板〗有雷首山。 有沙丘亭。
〖Puban〗 Leishou Mountain dominates the landscape. Shasha pavilion is recorded here.
54
〖大阳〗有吴山，上有虞城。 有下阳城。 有茅津。 有颠軨坂。 左傳曰「入自顛軨」。 博物記曰在縣鹽池東，吳城之北，今之吳阪。 杜預曰在縣東北。
〖Dayang〗 Wu Mountain carries the ruins of Yu city on its summit. Xiayang city lies within the county. The Maojin crossing is here. The Dianling escarpment runs through the county. The Zuo Tradition says, "entered from Dianling." The Bowu ji says it lay east of the county salt pond and north of Wu city, at today’s Wu slope. Du Yu places it northeast of the county.
55
〖解〗左傳曰咎犯與秦晉大夫盟於郇，杜預曰縣西北有郇城。 博物記曰有智邑。 有桑泉城。 左傳僖二十四年晉文公入桑泉，杜預曰在縣西二十里。 有臼城。 有解城。 有瑕城。
〖Xie〗 The Zuo Tradition says Jiufan covenanted at Xun with Qin and Jin grandees; Du Yu places Xun city northwest of the county. The Bowu ji records Zhi settlement here. Sangquan city stood here. The Zuo Tradition records Duke Wen of Jin entering Sangquan in Duke Xi 24; Du Yu places it twenty li west of the county. Jiu city is recorded. Xie city is recorded. Xia city is recorded.
56
〖皮氏〗有耿乡。 有铁。 有冀亭。左傳僖二年，晉荀息曰「冀為不道」，杜預曰國，在縣東北。史記蘇代說燕王曰「下南陽，封冀。」
〖Pishi〗 Geng township lies within the borders. Iron is produced here. Ji Pavilion stood here. In Duke Xi 2 of the Zuo Tradition, Xun Xi of Jin says, “Ji has behaved without the Way”; Du Yu explains that Ji was a state northeast of the county. In the Records of the Historian, Su Dai tells the King of Yan, “Go down to Nanyang and enfeoff Ji.”
57
〖闻喜〗邑，博物記曰縣治涑之川。史記曰伐韓到乾河。郭璞曰：「縣東北有乾河口，但有故溝處，無復水。」左傳曰僖三十一年「晉蒐清原」，杜預曰在縣北。本曲沃。曲沃在縣東北數里，與晉相去六七百里。見毛詩譜注。 有董池陂，古董泽。 有稷山亭。 有涑水。 有洮水。
Wenxi: a town. The Bowu ji says the county seat lay in the Su River valley. The Records of the Historian says that an attack on Han reached Qianhe. Guo Pu says, “Northeast of the county is the mouth of the Qianhe, but there is only the place of an old channel, and no water remains.” The Zuo Tradition says that in Duke Xi 31 “Jin hunted at Qingyuan”; Du Yu places Qingyuan north of the county. This was originally Quwo. Quwo lay several li northeast of the county and six or seven hundred li from Jin; see the annotations to the Mao Poetry Prefaces. Dong Pool preserves the old Dong marsh. Jishan pavilion is recorded. The Su River flows here. The Tao River flows here.
58
〖绛〗邑。 有翼城。
〖Jiang〗 Classed as a town. Yicheng lies within the county.
59
〖永安〗故彘，阳嘉二年更名。 有霍大山。
〖Yong'an〗 Formerly Zhi; renamed in Emperor Shun's Yangjia 2. Great Huo Mountain rises here.
60
〖河北〗《诗》魏国。 有韩亭。
〖Hebei〗 The Wei polity celebrated in the 《Classic of Poetry》. Han pavilion is recorded.
61
〖猗氏〗
〖Yishi County〗
62
〖垣〗有王屋山，兗水出。 有壶丘亭。 有邵亭。 博物記曰：「縣東九十里有郫邵之阨，賈季迎公子樂于陳，趙孟殺諸郫邵。」
〖Yuan〗 Wangwu Mountain; the Yan River has its source here. Huqiu pavilion lies within the county. Shao pavilion lies within the county. The Bowu ji says: "Ninety li east of the county is the pass of Pishao; Jia Ji welcomed Prince Le at Chen, and Zhao Meng killed them at Pishao."
63
〖襄陵〗 晉地道記曰晉武公自曲沃徙此。
〖Xiangling County〗 The Jin Record of Earthways says Duke Wu of Jin moved here from Quwo.
64
〖北屈〗左傳曰「二屈」，杜預曰「二」當為「北」。 傳曰「屈產之乘」，有駿馬。 有壶口山。 禹貢曰：「壺口治梁及岐。」 有采桑津。
〖Beiqu〗 The Zuo Tradition reads "Erqu"; Du Yu says "er" should be "bei." The Tradition speaks of "teams produced at Qu"; fine horses were found there. Hukou Mountain stood here. The Tribute of Yu says: "At Hukou he regulated Liang and Qi." The Caisang crossing is recorded.
65
〖蒲子〗
〖Puzi County〗
66
〖濩泽〗侯国。 有析城门。
〖Huoze〗 Held as a marquisate. The Xicheng gate—city landmark—is noted.
67
〖端氏〗
〖Duanshi County〗
68
◎弘农郡武帝置。 其二县，建武十五年属。 雒阳西南四百五十里。 九城，户四万六千八百一十五，口十九万九千一百一十三。
◎ Hongnong Commandery, founded under Emperor Wu. Two of its counties were transferred in under Jianwu 15. It lies four hundred fifty li southwest of Luoyang. Nine counties; 46,815 households and 199,113 people.
69
〖弘农〗故秦函谷关，烛水出。 有枯枞山。 有桃丘聚，故桃林。 有务乡。 有曹阳亭。 史記曰，章邯殺周章于曹陽，晉灼曰縣東十三里。 又獻帝東歸敗處，曹公改曰好陽。
〖Hongnong〗 Site of Qin's Hangu Pass; the Zhu River rises here. Kucong Mountain lies within the county. Taoqiu preserves the ground of the Peach Grove. Wu township is recorded. Caoyang pavilion marks the locality. The Shiji says Zhang Han killed Zhou Zhang at Caoyang; Jin Zhuo places it thirteen li east of the county. It was also where Emperor Xian was defeated on his eastward return; Lord Cao renamed it Haoyang.
70
〖陕〗史記曰：「自陝以西，邵公主之；自陝以東，周公主之。」 本虢仲国。 杜預曰虢都上陽，在縣東南。 有虢城。 有焦城。 有陕陌。
〖Shan〗 The Shiji says: "From Shan westward, the Duke of Shao governed; from Shan eastward, the Duke of Zhou governed." It was originally the state of Guo Zhong. Du Yu says Guo’s capital, Shangyang, lay southeast of the county. Guo city stood here. Jiao city stands here. The Shan mo divide is here.
71
〖黾池〗穀水出。 有二崤。
〖Mianci〗 The Gu River rises here. The Two Xiaos defiles lie here.
72
〖新安〗涧水出。
〖Xin'an〗 The Jian River rises here.
73
〖宜阳〗
〖Yiyang County〗
74
〖陆浑〗西有虢略地。
〖Luhun〗 Western reaches absorbed from Guo.
75
〖卢氏〗有熊耳门。 山海經曰：「其上多漆，其上多椶。 浮豪之水出焉，西北流注于雒，其中多美玉，多人魚。」 伊水、清水出。 晉地道記：「伊東北入雒。」
〖Lushi〗 The Xiong’er Gate stood here. The Classic of Mountains and Seas says: "The mountain has much lacquer and many palms. The Fuhao River rises there, flows northwest into the Luo, and contains much fine jade and many merfolk." The Yi and Qing rivers also rise there. The Jin Record of Earthways says: "The Yi enters the Luo to the northeast."
76
〖湖〗故属京兆。 有閺乡。
〖Hu〗 Previously under Jingzhao. Wen township lies here.
77
〖华阴〗故属京兆。 有太华山。 左傳晉賂秦，南及華山。 山海經曰：「太華之山，削成而四方，其高五千仞，其廣十里，鳥獸莫居。 有蛇焉，名曰肥遺，六足四翼，見則天下大旱。」 武王放馬牛於桃林墟，孔安國曰在華山東。 晉地道記山在縣西南。
〖Huayin〗 Previously listed under Jingzhao. Mount Taihua—the great Hua peak—dominates the county. The Zuo Tradition says Jin bribed Qin with territory reaching south to Mount Hua. The Classic of Mountains and Seas says: "Mount Taihua is sheer-cut and square on four sides, five thousand ren high and ten li wide; no birds or beasts live there. There is a snake there named Feiyi, with six feet and four wings; when it appears, a great drought strikes all under Heaven." King Wu released the horses and cattle at the ruins of Taolin; Kong Anguo places this east of Mount Hua. The Jin Record of Earthways places the mountain southwest of the county.
78
◎京兆尹秦内史，武帝改。 其四县，建武十五年属。 雒阳西九百五十里。 十城，户五万三千二百九十九，口二十八万五千五百七十四。
◎ Jingzhao (capital intendancy): Qin's Inner Historian circuit, rechristened under Emperor Wu. Four counties joined the intendancy in Jianwu 15. Nine hundred fifty li west of Luoyang. Ten counties; 53,299 households and 285,574 people.
79
〖长安〗高帝所都。 镐，在上林菀中。 有细柳聚。 有蘭池。史記曰秦始皇微行夜出，逢盜蘭池。三秦記曰：「始皇引渭水為長池，東西二百里，南北三十里，刻石為鯨魚二百丈。」 有曲郵，前書高帝征黥布，張良送至曲郵。有杜郵。史記曰白起死處。三秦記曰：「長安城西有九嵕山，西有杜山。」杜預曰「畢國在西北。」
〖Chang'an〗 Western Han capital founded by Emperor Gaozu. The site of Hao lies inside the imperial Shanglin Park. Xiliu settlement is recorded. It had Lanchi. The Records of the Historian says the First Emperor of Qin went out incognito at night and encountered bandits there. The Sanqin ji says, “The First Emperor drew the Wei River into a long pond, two hundred li east to west and thirty li north to south, and carved a stone whale two hundred zhang long.” It had Quyou; the Former Han says Zhang Liang escorted Emperor Gao as far as Quyou when Gao campaigned against Qing Bu. It also had Duyou, which the Records of the Historian identifies as the place where Bai Qi died. The Sanqin ji says, “West of Chang’an city is Mount Jiuzong, and west of it is Mount Du.” Du Yu says, “The state of Bi was to the northwest.”
80
〖霸陵〗有枳道亭。 有长门亭。前書文帝出長門，若見五人於道北，立五帝壇。
〖Baling〗 Zhidao pavilion marks the road. Changmen Pavilion stands here. The Former Han says Emperor Wen went out through Changmen and seemed to see five men north of the road, so he established the Five Emperors altar.
81
〖杜陵〗杜預曰古唐杜氏也。酆在西南。杜預曰：「在鄠縣東。」決錄注曰：「鎬在酆水東，酆在鎬水西，相去二十五里。」
Duling: Du Yu identifies it with the ancient Tang-Du clan. Feng lay to the southwest. Du Yu says, “It was east of Hu county.” The commentary to the Juelu says, “Hao was east of the Feng River, and Feng was west of Hao; they were twenty-five li apart.”
82
〖郑〗史記殺商君鄭黽池。鄭桓公封於此。黃圖云：「下邽縣並鄭，桓帝西巡復之。」
Zheng: the Records of the Historian says Lord Shang was killed at Zheng Mianchi. Duke Huan of Zheng was enfeoffed here. The Huangtu says, “Xiagui county annexed Zheng; when Emperor Huan made his western tour, he restored it.”
83
〖新丰〗有骊山，杜預曰：「古驪戎國。」韋昭曰：「戎來居此山，故號驪戎。」三秦記曰：「始皇墓在山北，有始皇祠。不齋戒往，即疾風暴雨。人理欲上，則杳冥失道。縣西有白鹿原，周平王時白鹿出。」案關中圖，縣南有新豐原，白鹿在霸陵。东有鸿门亭。前書高帝見項羽處，孟康曰「在縣東七十里，舊大道北下阪口名」。關中記云始皇陵北十餘里有謝聚。及戏亭。周幽王死處，蘇林曰縣東南四十里。 有□城。
Xinfeng: Li Mountain was here. Du Yu says, “It was the ancient Li Rong state.” Wei Zhao says, “The Rong came and dwelt on this mountain, so they were called the Li Rong.” The Sanqin ji says, “The First Emperor’s tomb is north of the mountain, and there is a shrine to the First Emperor. If one goes there without fasting and purification, there are violent winds and driving rain. When people intend to go up, it becomes dark and they lose the way. West of the county is White Deer Plain, where a white deer appeared in the time of King Ping of Zhou.” Note: according to the Guanzhong tu, Xinfeng Plain lay south of the county, while White Deer was in Baling. Eastward was Hongmen Pavilion, where the Former Han says Emperor Gao met Xiang Yu; Meng Kang says, “It was seventy li east of the county, the name of a lower slope-mouth north of the old main road.” The Guanzhong ji says Xie settlement was more than ten li north of the First Emperor’s mausoleum. Xi Pavilion, where King You of Zhou died, was also here; Su Lin says it was forty li southeast of the county. A walled settlement whose name is incomplete in the received text.
84
〖蓝田〗出美玉。
〖Lantian〗 Celebrated source of luminous jade.
85
〖长陵〗故属冯翊。
〖Changling〗 Previously under Fengyi.
86
〖商〗故属弘农。
〖Shang〗 Previously under Hongnong.
87
〖上雒〗侯国。 有冢领山，雒水出。 故属弘农。 有菟和山。 有苍野聚。
〖Shangluo〗 Held as a marquisate. Zhongling Mountain; the Luo River rises here. It used to fall under Hongnong. Tuhe Mountain lies within the county. Cangye settlement is recorded.
88
〖阳陵〗故属冯翊。
〖Yangling〗 Previously under Fengyi.
89
◎左冯翊秦属内史，武帝分，改名。 雒阳西六百八十八里。 十三城，户三万七千九十，口十四万五千一百九十五。潘岳關中記曰：「三輔舊治長安城中，長吏各在其縣治民。光武東都之後，扶風出治槐里，馮翊出治高陵。」
◎ Zuo Fengyi: carved from Qin's Inner Historian territory under Emperor Wu. Six hundred eighty-eight li west of Luoyang. Thirteen counties; 37,090 households and 145,195 people. Pan Yue’s Guanzhong ji says, “The old offices of the Three Metropolitan commanderies were inside Chang’an, while their senior officials governed the people from their county seats. After Guangwu established the eastern capital, Fufeng moved its seat out to Huaili, and Fengyi moved its seat out to Gaoling.”
90
〖高陵〗
〖Gaoling County〗
91
〖池阳〗爾雅十藪，周有焦穫，郭璞曰縣瓠中是也。地道記「有嶻辥山，在北。有鬼谷，生三所氏」。案：史記鬼谷在潁川陽城，與地記不同。
Chiyang: the Erya lists ten great marshes, and Zhou’s was Jiaohuo; Guo Pu identifies it with Huzhong in this county. The Didiao ji says, “There was Mount Jienie to the north. There was Ghost Valley, where the three Suo clans arose.” Note: the Records of the Historian puts Ghost Valley in Yangcheng, Yingchuan, which differs from this geographical record.
92
〖云阳〗有荊山。帝王世記曰：「禹鑄鼎於荊山，在馮翊懷德之南，今其下荊渠也。」
Yunyang: Mount Jing was here. The Diwang shiji says, “Yu cast the tripods at Mount Jing, south of Huaide in Fengyi; today Jing Canal is below it.”
93
〖祋祤〗永元九年夏。 1111
〖Duyu〗 Gazetted in the summer of Yongyuan 9. The exemplar preserves only the stray numerals “1111,” evidently a pagination or scribal artifact.
94
〖频阳〗
〖Pinyang County〗
95
〖万年〗
〖Wannian County〗
96
〖莲勺〗
〖Lianshao County〗
97
〖重泉〗
〖Zhongquan County〗
98
〖临晋〗本大荔。 有河水祠。 有芮乡。 有王城。
〖Linjin〗 Ancient seat of Dali. A cult site for the Yellow River god stands here. Rui township lies within the county. Wang city is recorded.
99
〖郃阳〗永平二年夏。
〖Heyang〗 Established in the summer of Yongping 2.
100
〖夏阳〗有梁山、龙门山。
〖Xiayang〗 Liang Mountain and Longmen Mountain dominate the relief.
101
〖衙〗
〖Ya County〗
102
〖粟邑〗永元九年夏。
〖Suyi〗 Gazetted in the summer of Yongyuan 9.
103
◎右扶风秦属内史，武帝分，改名。 十五城，户万七千三百五十二，口九万三千九十一。
◎ You Fufeng: territory split from Qin's Inner Historian circuit under Emperor Wu. Fifteen counties; 17,352 households and 93,091 people.
104
〖槐里〗周曰大丘，高帝改。
〖Huaili〗 Zhou documents call it Daqiu until Emperor Gaozu rechristened it.
105
〖安陵〗
〖Anling County〗
106
〖平陵〗
〖Pingling County〗
107
〖茂陵〗
〖Maoling County〗
108
〖鄠〗丰水出。 有甘亭。
〖Hu〗 The Feng River rises here. Gan pavilion marks the locality.
109
〖郿〗有邰亭。
〖Mei〗 Tai pavilion—the ancient Zhou hearth—is noted.
110
〖武功〗永平八年夏。 有太一山，本终南。 垂山，本郭物。 有斜谷。
〖Wugong〗 Gazetted in the summer of Yongping 8. Mount Taiyi preserves the old name Zhongnan. Chui Mountain—listed in classical glosses as Guowu—stands here. Xie Valley—the famous Qin-Han pass road—runs here.
111
〖陈仓〗
〖Chencang County〗
112
〖汧〗有吴岳山，本名汧，汧水出。 有回城，名回中。
〖Qian〗 Wu Yue Mountain bore the old name Qian; the Qian River rises here. Hui city—locally Huizhong—is recorded.
113
〖渝麋〗侯国。
〖Yumi〗 Held as a marquisate.
114
〖雍〗有铁。
〖Yong〗 Iron works lie within the county.
115
〖栒邑〗有豳乡。
〖Xunyi〗 Bin township recalls the Bin homeland.
116
〖美阳〗有岐山，有周城。
〖Meiyang〗 Qi Mountain and Zhou city mark Zhou royal geography.
117
〖漆〗有漆水。 有铁。
〖Qi〗 The Qi River flows here. Iron is extracted here.
118
〖杜阳〗永和二年夏。
〖Duyang〗 Gazetted in the summer of Yonghe 2.
119
右司隶校尉部，郡七，县、邑、侯国百六。
Above concludes the Metropolitan region: seven commanderies and 106 county-level seats under the Colonel of Sili.