Volume 20 Treatises 1: Astronomy - Solar Eclipses, Lunar and Five Planets Occultations, Changes to Stars

自伏羲仰觀俯察，黃帝迎日推策，重黎序天地，堯曆日月星辰，舜齊七政，周武王訪箕子，陳《洪範》，協五紀，而觀天之道備矣。《易》曰：「天垂象，見吉凶，聖人象之。」故孔子因魯史作《春秋》，於日星風雨霜雹雷霆皆書變而不書常，所以明天道、驗人事也。秦漢而下，治日患少，陰陽愆違，天象錯迕，無代無之。金百有十九年，而日食四十二，星辰風雨霜雹雷霆之變，不知其幾。金九主，莫賢于世宗，二十九年之間，猶日食者十有一，日珥虹貫者四五。然終金之世，慶雲環日者三，皆見於世宗之世。

From Fuxi gazing up and down, the Yellow Emperor taking the sun and reckoning the cycles, Chongli ordering Heaven and Earth, Yao marking sun, moon, and stars, Shun aligning the seven regulators, and King Wu of Zhou questioning Jizi and laying out the Great Plan to harmonize the five calendars—the art of reading Heaven was whole. The Book of Changes says, "Heaven hangs forth images; fortune and disaster show themselves; the sage takes them as models." So Confucius drew on the Lu annals to write the Spring and Autumn: sun, stars, wind, rain, frost, hail, and thunder he logged only when they changed, never the ordinary—to lay bare Heaven's Way and weigh human affairs. Since Qin and Han, rulers have cared little for such matters; yin and yang slip their measure, and heaven's signs tangle and cross—no dynasty has been free of it. Jin lasted one hundred nineteen years and saw forty-two solar eclipses; stars, wind, rain, frost, hail, and thunder changed beyond count. Of Jin's nine emperors none matched Shizong—yet even his twenty-nine years brought eleven solar eclipses and four or five halos with rainbows piercing the sun. Yet only thrice in all Jin did auspicious clouds ring the sun—and all three fell in Shizong's reign.

羲、和之後，漢有司馬，唐有袁、李，皆世掌天官，故其說詳。且六合為一，推步之術不見異同。金、宋角立，兩國置曆，法有差殊，而日官之選亦有精粗之異。今奉詔作《金史》，于志天文，各因其舊，特以《春秋》為准雲。

After Xi and He, Han had the Sima clan, Tang the Yuan and Li families—each generation held the celestial office, and their lore runs deep. The six directions are one cosmos; the methods of reckoning do not truly diverge. Jin and Song faced each other; each kept its own calendar, the methods differed, and even the astronomers chosen ranged from skilled to crude. Now, by decree we compile the History of Jin; in the astronomy treatise we follow each dynasty's own records, but take the Spring and Autumn as the sole standard.

日薄食煇珥雲氣

Solar eclipses, halos and spurs, and cloud vapors.

太祖天輔三年夏四月丙子朔，日食。四年冬十月戊辰朔，日食。六年春二月庚寅朔，日食。七年秋八月辛巳朔，日食。

Taizu, third year of Tianfu, summer, fourth month, on bingzi, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Fourth year, winter, tenth month, on wuchen, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Sixth year, spring, second month, on gengyin, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Seventh year, autumn, eighth month, on xinsi, the new moon: a solar eclipse.

太宗天會七年三月己卯，日中有黑子。九月丙午朔，日食。十三年正月丙午朔，日食。

Taizong, seventh year of Tianhui, third month, on jimao: sunspots in the sun's disk. Ninth month, on bingwu, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Thirteenth year, first month, on bingwu, the new moon: a solar eclipse.

熙宗天會十四年十一月丙寅，日中有黑子，斜角交行。

Xizong, fourteenth year of Tianhui, eleventh month, on bingyin: sunspots in the sun, crossing obliquely.

天眷三年七月癸卯朔，日食。

Tianjuan, third year, seventh month, on guimao, the new moon: a solar eclipse.

皇統三年十二月癸未朔，日食。四年六月辛巳朔，日食。五年六月乙亥朔，日食。八年四月戊子朔，日食。九年三月癸未朔，日食。

Huangtong, third year, twelfth month, on guiwei, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Fourth year, sixth month, on xinsi, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Fifth year, sixth month, on yihai, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Eighth year, fourth month, on wuzi, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Ninth year, third month, on guiwei, the new moon: a solar eclipse.

海陵庶人天德二年正月甲辰，日有暈珥，白虹貫之。十一月丙戌，白虹貫日。十二月乙卯，慶雲見，狀如鸞鳳，五彩。三年正月丁酉，白虹貫日。

The Deposed Emperor Hailing, second year of Tiande, first month, on jiachen: the sun bore a halo and mock suns, pierced by a white rainbow. Eleventh month, on bingxu: a white rainbow pierced the sun. Twelfth month, on yimao: auspicious clouds appeared, shaped like phoenixes in five colors. Third year, first month, on dingyou: a white rainbow pierced the sun.

貞元二年五月癸丑朔，日食。三年四月丁丑朔，昏霧四塞，日無光，凡十有七日乃霽。五月丁未朔，日食。

Zhenyuan, second year, fifth month, on guichou, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Third year, fourth month, on dingchou, the new moon: twilight murk closed in on every side; the sun gave no light for seventeen days before the sky cleared. Fifth month, on dingwei, the new moon: a solar eclipse.

正隆三年三月辛酉朔，有司奏日食，候之不見。海陵敕，自今日食皆面奏，不須頒告中外。五年八月丙午朔，日食。庚午，日中有黑子，狀如人。六年二月甲辰朔，日有暈珥，戴背。十月丙午，慶雲見。

Zhenglong, third year, third month, on xinyou, the new moon: the calendar office reported an eclipse, but observation found none. Hailing decreed that from that day every solar eclipse must be reported to him in person, not announced throughout the realm. Fifth year, eighth month, on bingwu, the new moon: a solar eclipse. On gengwu: sunspots in the sun shaped like a man. Sixth year, second month, on jiachen, the new moon: the sun bore a halo and mock suns, with an anthelion behind. Tenth month, on bingwu: auspicious clouds appeared.

世宗大定二年正月戊辰朔，日食，伐鼓用幣，命壽王京代拜行禮。為制，凡遇日月虧食，禁酒、樂、屠宰一日。三年六月庚申朔，日食，上不視朝，命官代拜。有司不治務，過時乃罷。後為常。四年六月甲寅朔，日食。七年四月戊辰朔，日食，上避正殿、減膳，伐鼓應天門內，百官各于本司庭立，明複乃止。閏七月己卯午刻，慶雲環日。八月辛亥午刻，慶雲環日。九年八月甲申朔，有司奏日當食，以雨不見。為近奉安太社，乃伐鼓於社，用幣于應天門內。十三年五月壬辰朔，日食。十四年十一月甲申朔，日食。十六年三月丙午朔，日食。十七年九月丁酉朔，日食。二十三年十月己未，慶雲見於日側。十一月壬午朔，日食。二十八年八月甲子朔，日食。二十九年正月乙卯巳初，日有暈，左右有珥，上有背氣兩重，其色青赤而厚。複有白虹貫之亙天，其東有戰氣長四尺餘，五刻而散。丁巳巳初，日有兩珥，上有背氣兩重，其色青赤而淡。頃之，背氣於日上為冠，已而俱散。二月辛酉朔，日食。甲子辰刻，日上有重暈兩*，抱而複背，背而複抱，凡二三次。乙丑，日暈兩珥，有負氣承氣，而白虹亙天，左右有戟氣。

Shizong, second year of Dading, first month, on wuchen, the new moon: a solar eclipse; drums were beaten and silks offered, and Prince Shou Jing performed the rites in the emperor's place. He ordained that whenever sun or moon was eclipsed or dimmed, wine, music, and slaughter were forbidden for one day. Third year, sixth month, on gengshen, the new moon: a solar eclipse; the emperor stayed away from court and had officials perform the rites for him. The offices in charge neglected their duties and only stood down long after the hour had passed. That afterward became the rule. Fourth year, sixth month, on jiayin, the new moon: a solar eclipse. Seventh year, fourth month, on wuchen, the new moon: a solar eclipse; the emperor left the main hall and cut his meals; drums sounded inside the Gate of Responding to Heaven; every official stood in his own office courtyard until the sun brightened again, then ceased. Intercalary seventh month, on jimao at the noon watch: auspicious clouds ringed the sun. Eighth month, on xinhai at the noon watch: auspicious clouds ringed the sun. Ninth year, eighth month, on jiashen, the new moon: the calendar office reported an eclipse due, but rain kept it from sight. Because the Grand Altar of Earth was soon to be enshrined, drums were beaten at the altar and silks offered inside the Gate of Responding to Heaven. In the thirteenth year, on renchen new moon in the fifth month, there was a solar eclipse. In the fourteenth year, on jiashen new moon in the eleventh month, there was a solar eclipse. In the sixteenth year, on bingwu new moon in the third month, there was a solar eclipse. In the seventeenth year, on dingyou new moon in the ninth month, there was a solar eclipse. In the twenty-third year, on jiwei in the tenth month, auspicious clouds appeared beside the sun. In the eleventh month, on renwu new moon, there was a solar eclipse. In the twenty-eighth year, on jiazi new moon in the eighth month, there was a solar eclipse. In the twenty-ninth year, on yimao in the first month at the start of si hour, the sun showed a halo with parhelia to left and right and two thick blue-red counter-glows above. A white rainbow then pierced the sun across the sky; east of it battle vapor stretched over four chi and dispersed at the fifth watch. On dingsi at the start of si hour the sun had two parhelia and two pale blue-red counter-glows above. Soon the counter-glow above the sun formed a crown, then all faded. In the second month, on xinyou new moon, there was a solar eclipse. On jiazi at the chen watch the sun bore two layered halos; embracing vapor and counter-glow alternated two or three times. On yichou the sun showed a halo with two parhelia, negative and supporting vapors, a white rainbow across the sky, and halberd vapor to left and right.

章宗明昌三年十二月丙辰，北方微有赤氣。四年九月癸未，日上有抱氣二，戴氣一，俱相連。左右有珥，其色鮮明。六年三月丙戌朔，日食。

In Zhangzong's third Mingchang year, on bingchen in the twelfth month, the north showed a slight red vapor. In the fourth year, on guiwei in the ninth month, the sun bore two embracing vapors and one cap vapor, all joined. Parhelia appeared to left and right, bright and distinct. In the sixth year, on bingxu new moon in the third month, there was a solar eclipse.

承安三年正月己亥朔，日食，陰雲不見。五年十一月癸丑，日食。《宋史》作六月乙酉朔。

In the third Cheng'an year, on jihai new moon in the first month, there was a solar eclipse, but clouds hid it. In the fifth year, on guichou in the eleventh month, there was a solar eclipse. The Song History records it as yiyou new moon in the sixth month.

泰和二年五月甲辰朔，日食。三年十月戊戌，日將沒，色赤如赭。甲辰，申酉間，天色赤，夜將旦複然。四年三月丁卯，日昏無光。五年九月戊子戌時，西北方黑雲間有赤氣如火，次及西南、正南、東南方皆赤，中有白氣貫徹，乍隱乍見。既而為雨，隨作風。至二更初，黑雲間赤氣複起于西北方，及正西、正東、東北，往來遊曳，內有白氣數道，時複出沒。其赤氣又滿中天，約四更皆散。六年正月，北京申，龍山縣西見有雲結成車牛行帳之狀，或如前後摧損之勢，晡時乃散。二月壬子朔，日食。七月癸巳，申刻，日有上背氣一，內赤外青，須臾散。九月乙酉，夜將曙，北方有赤白氣數道，曆王良下，徐行至北斗開陽、搖光之東而散。八年四月癸卯，巳刻，日暈二重，風黃外赤，移時而散。

In the second Taihe year, on jiachen new moon in the fifth month, there was a solar eclipse. In the third year, on wuxu in the tenth month, the setting sun turned red as ochre. On jiachen, between shen and you, the sky turned red; near dawn it did so again. In the fourth year, on dingmao in the third month, the sun was dim and lightless. In the fifth year, on wuzi in the ninth month at the xu watch, red fire-like vapor appeared in northwestern black clouds, then spread to the southwest, south, and southeast, pierced by white vapor that flickered in and out. Rain followed, then wind. By the start of the second watch red vapor rose again from black clouds in the northwest and drifted across the west, east, and northeast, with several white vapors appearing and vanishing within. The red vapor again filled the sky and dispersed around the fourth watch. In the sixth year's first month, at the Northern Capital in the shen hour, west of Longshan county clouds shaped like ox-carts and field pavilions, some as if pushed or shattered fore and aft; by the bu hour they broke up. In the second month, on renzi new moon, there was a solar eclipse. In the seventh month, on guisi at the shen watch, the sun showed one upper counter-glow, red within and green without, and soon faded. On yiyou in the ninth month, near dawn, several red and white vapors in the north passed below Wangliang and drifted east of Kaiyang and Yaoguang before dispersing. In the eighth year, on guimao in the fourth month at the si watch, the sun had a double halo, yellow within and red without, and soon faded.

宣宗貞祐元年十月丙午，夜有白氣三，沖紫微而貫。十一月丙申，白氣東西竟天，移時散。二年九月壬戌朔，日食，大星皆見。三年正月壬戌，日有左右珥，上有冠氣，移刻散。二月丁巳，日初出赤如血，將沒複然。六月戊申，夜有黑氣，廣如大路，自東南至於西北，其長竟天。四年二月甲申朔，日食。閏七月壬午朔，日食。

In Xuanzong's first Zhenyou year, on bingwu in the tenth month, three white vapors at night struck Ziwei and ran through it. In the eleventh month, on bingshen, white vapor stretched east and west across the sky, then dispersed. In the second year, on renxu new moon in the ninth month, there was a solar eclipse and the bright stars were all visible. In the third year, on renxu in the first month, the sun had parhelia to left and right and crown vapor above; after a watch-period it faded. On dingsi in the second month the rising sun was blood-red, and the same at its setting. On wushen in the sixth month, black vapor broad as a great road stretched from southeast to northwest across the sky. In the fourth year, on jiashen new moon in the second month, there was a solar eclipse. In the intercalary seventh month, on renwu new moon, there was a solar eclipse.

興定元年七月丙子朔，日食。二年七月庚午朔，日食。三年七月庚申，五色雲見。十月乙丑，平涼府慶雲見，遣官驗實，以告太廟，詔國中。五年正月，山東行省蒙古綱奏慶雲見，命圖以進。四月丙子，日正午，有黃暈四匝，其色鮮明。五月甲申朔，日食。

In the first Xingding year, on bingzi new moon in the seventh month, there was a solar eclipse. In the second year, on gengwu new moon in the seventh month, there was a solar eclipse. In the third year, on gengshen in the seventh month, five-colored clouds appeared. On yichou in the tenth month auspicious clouds appeared at Pingliang; officials verified the sight, reported to the Grand Temple, and an edict announced it empire-wide. In the fifth year's first month Menggu Gang of the Shandong Branch Secretariat reported auspicious clouds and was ordered to present a painting. On bingzi in the fourth month, at noon the sun showed a bright yellow halo on all four sides. In the fifth month, on jiashen new moon, there was a solar eclipse.

六月戊寅，日將出，有氣如大道，經醜未，曆虛危，東西不見首尾，移時沒。十二月己巳，北方有白氣，廣三尺餘，東西亙天。

On wuyin in the sixth month, as the sun was about to rise, vapor like a great road ran through Chou and Wei and crossed Xu and Wei, its ends unseen east and west; after a while it disappeared. In the twelfth month, on jisi, white vapor over three chi wide in the north stretched east to west across the sky.

元光元年十一月丁未，東北有赤雲如火。二年五月辛未，日暈不匝而有背氣。九月庚子朔，日食。

In the first year of Yuanguang, eleventh month, on dingwei, red clouds like fire appeared in the northeast. In the second year, fifth month, on xinwei, the sun showed an incomplete halo with a counter-glow. In the ninth month, on the gengzi new moon, there was a solar eclipse.

哀宗正大二年正月甲申，有黃黑昆。三年月三月庚午，省前有氣微黃，自東北亙西南，其狀如虹，中有白物十餘，往來飛翔，又有光倏見如二星，移時方滅。四年十一月乙未，日上有虹，背而向外者二，約長丈餘，兩旁俱有白虹貫之。是年六月丙辰，有白氣經天。或雲太白入井。五年十二庚子朔，日食。八年三月庚戌酉正，日忽白而失色，乍明乍暗，左右有氣似日而無光，與日相淩，而日光四出搖盪至沒。

In Aizong's second year of Zhengda, first month, on jiashen, yellow and black mingled in the sky. In the third year, third month, on gengwu, faint yellow vapor ran from northeast to southwest before the provincial office like a rainbow; more than ten white objects flew within it, and light flashed like two stars before fading. In the fourth year, eleventh month, on yiwei, a rainbow lay on the sun with two arcs turning outward from the back, about a zhang long, and white rainbows pierced them on either side. That year, sixth month, on bingchen, white vapor stretched across the sky. Some said Venus had entered the Well. In the fifth year, twelfth month, on the gengzi new moon, there was a solar eclipse. In the eighth year, third month, on gengxu at the you hour, the sun paled and flickered; vapor like a sun without light pressed it on either side, and its rays shook in four directions until it set.

月五星淩犯及星變

Lunar and Five-Planet Encroachments and Changes among the Stars

太宗天會七年十月甲寅，天旗明，河鼓直。十年閏四月丙申，熒惑入氐。八月辛亥，彗星出於文昌。十一年五月乙丑，月忽失行而南。頃之複故。七月己巳昏，有大星隕于東南，如散火。十二月丙戌，月食昴。

In Taizong's seventh year of Tianhui, tenth month, on jiayin, the Celestial Banner shone bright and the River Drum stood straight. In the tenth year, intercalary fourth month, on bingchen, Mars entered Root. In the eighth month, on xinhai, a comet appeared at Literary Glory. In the eleventh year, fifth month, on yichou, the moon suddenly left its course and moved south. Shortly afterward it resumed its proper course. In the seventh month, on jisi at dusk, a great star fell in the southeast like scattered fire. In the twelfth month, on bingxu, the moon was eclipsed at Hairy Head.

熙宗天會十三年十一月乙酉，月食，命有司用幣以救，著為命。十四年正月辛巳，太白晝見，凡四十餘日伏。壬辰，熒惑入月。三月丁酉夜，中星搖。九月癸未，有星大如缶，起西南，流於正西。十一月己巳，狼星搖。十五年正月戊辰，歲星犯積屍氣。

In Xizong's thirteenth year of Tianhui, eleventh month, on yiyou, there was a lunar eclipse; he ordered the offices to offer silks to avert it, and this was made a standing rule. In the fourteenth year, first month, on xinsi, Venus was seen by day for more than forty days before it set. On renchen, Mars entered the moon. In the third month, on dingyou at night, the Central Star trembled. In the ninth month, on guiwei, a star as large as a jar rose in the southwest and streamed due west. In the eleventh month, on jisi, the Wolf Star trembled. In the fifteenth year, first month, on wuchen, Jupiter encroached on Accumulated Corpse Breath.

天眷二年三月辛巳朔，歲星留逆在太微。五月戊子，太白晝見。八月丁丑，太白晝見；九月辛巳，犯軒轅左星；乙巳，犯左執法；十一月戊寅，入氐。三年七月壬戌，月犯畢。十二月壬午，月掩東井東轅南第一星。

In the second year of Tianjuan, third month, on the xinsi new moon, Jupiter halted retrograde in Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the fifth month, on wuzi, Venus was seen by day. In the eighth month, on dingchou, Venus was seen by day. In the ninth month, on xinsi, it encroached on the left star of Yellow Thearch. On yisi, it encroached on Left Law-Enforcer. In the eleventh month, on wuyin, it entered Root. In the third year, seventh month, on renxu, the moon encroached on Net. In the twelfth month, on renwu, the moon covered the first star on the southern axle of Eastern Well's eastern hub.

皇統元年二月甲戌，月犯掩畢大星。二年十一月己酉，月犯軒轅大星。甲寅，月犯氐東北星。三年正月己丑，熒惑逆犯軒轅次北一星。二月乙丑，月犯畢大星。閏四月癸巳，月掩軒轅左角星。八月丙申，老人星見。九月丁丑，月犯軒轅大星。四年八月癸未，熒惑入輿鬼。五年四月丙申，彗星見於西北，長丈餘，至五月壬戌始滅。六月甲辰，熒惑犯左執法。六年九月戊寅，熒惑犯西垣上將。己丑，月犯軒轅第二星。七年正月辛未，彗星出東方，長丈餘，凡十五日滅。丁亥，太白經天。七月己巳，太白經天。庚辰，熒惑犯房第二星。十一月壬戌，歲星逆犯井東扇第二星。八年閏八月丙子，熒惑入太微垣。十月甲申，太白晝見；十一月壬辰，經天。十二月丙寅，太白晝見。九年二年癸亥，月掩軒轅第二星。七月甲辰，太白、辰星、歲星合于張。丁未，熒惑犯南斗第四星。八月壬子，又曆南斗第三星。

In the first year of Huangtong, second month, on jiaxu, the moon encroached and covered Net's great star. In the second year, eleventh month, on jiyou, the moon encroached Yellow Thearch's great star. On jiayin, the moon encroached Root's northeastern star. In the third year, first month, on jichou, Mars in retrograde encroached Yellow Thearch's second northern star. In the second month, on yichou, the moon encroached Net's great star. In the intercalary fourth month, on guisi, the moon covered Yellow Thearch's left horn star. In the eighth month, on bingshen, Canopus appeared. In the ninth month, on dingchou, the moon encroached Yellow Thearch's great star. In the fourth year, eighth month, on guiwei, Mars entered Carriage Ghosts. In the fifth year, fourth month, on bingshen, a comet one zhang long appeared in the northwest and was gone by renxu in the fifth month. In the sixth month, on jiachen, Mars encroached Left Law-Enforcer. In the sixth year, ninth month, on wuyin, Mars encroached the Western Rampart's Senior General. On jichou, the moon encroached Yellow Thearch's second star. In the seventh year, first month, on xinwei, a comet one zhang long appeared in the east and was gone in fifteen days. On dinghai, Venus crossed the sky. In the seventh month, on jisi, Venus crossed the sky. On gengchen, Mars encroached upon the second star of Fang. In the eleventh month, on renxu, retrograde Jupiter encroached upon the second star of the Well's eastern fan. In the eighth year, intercalary eighth month, on bingzi, Mars entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the tenth month, on jiashen, Venus shone by day; In the eleventh month, on renchen, it crossed the sky. In the twelfth month, on bingyin, Venus shone by day. In the ninth year, second month, on guihai, the moon occulted the second star of Xuanyuan. In the seventh month, on jiachen, Venus, Mercury, and Jupiter conjoined at Zhang. On dingwei, Mars encroached upon the fourth star of the Southern Dipper. In the eighth month, on renzi, it again traversed the third star of the Southern Dipper.

海陵天德元年十二月甲子，土犯東井東星。二年正月乙酉，月犯昴；壬辰，犯木；乙未，犯角；二月丙寅，犯心大星。九月乙亥，太白晝見，至明年正月辛卯後不見。丁酉，月犯軒轅左角；十月乙丑，犯太微上將；十二月癸丑，犯昴。三年二月丙辰，月食。十月丁亥，月犯軒轅左角。四年正月癸卯，太白經天。二月乙亥，月掩鬼，犯鎮星。五月己亥，太白經天；丁巳，又經天。六月癸巳，太白犯井東第二星。八月辛未，太白犯軒轅大星。十一月甲辰，熒惑犯鉤鈐。丙午，月犯井北第一星。十二月乙卯朔，太白經天。丙子，月食。閏月己亥，太白經天。

Hailing, Tiande year 1, twelfth month, on jiazi, Saturn encroached upon the eastern star of the Eastern Well. Second year, first month, on yiyou, the moon encroached Mao; on renchen, upon Jupiter; on yiwei, upon Jiao; second month, on bingyin, upon the great star of Heart. Ninth month, on yihai, Venus shone by day and did not vanish until the next year's first month, on xinmao. On dingyou, the moon encroached Xuanyuan's left horn; tenth month, on yichou, upon the Supreme Palace upper general; twelfth month, on guichou, upon Mao. Third year, second month, on bingchen: a lunar eclipse. Tenth month, on dinghai, the moon encroached Xuanyuan's left horn. Fourth year, first month, on guimao, Venus crossed the sky. Second month, on yihai, the moon occulted Ghost and encroached upon Saturn. Fifth month, on jihai, Venus crossed the sky; on dingsi, it crossed the sky again. Sixth month, on guisi, Venus encroached upon the second star east of the Well. Eighth month, on xinwei, Venus encroached upon Xuanyuan's great star. Eleventh month, on jiachen, Mars encroached upon Hooked Clasp. On bingwu, the moon encroached upon the first star north of the Well. Twelfth month, on the yimao new moon, Venus crossed the sky. On bingzi, a lunar eclipse. Intercalary month, on jihai, Venus crossed the sky.

貞元年正月辛丑，月犯井東第一星。四月戊寅，有星如杯，自氐入於天市，其光燭地。十二月乙卯，太白經天。庚午，月食。閏月乙酉，太白經天。二年正月庚申，太白經天。是夜，月掩昴；二月辛丑，犯心前星，三月辛巳，月食。七月癸丑，太白晝見，凡三十有三日伏。八月戊戌，熒惑入井，凡十一日而出。十一月甲子，月食。三年八月乙酉，月犯牛；九月辛亥，犯建星；十一月戊午，掩井鉞星。

Zhenyuan, first year, first month, on xinchou, the moon encroached upon the first star east of the Well. Fourth month, on wuyin, a cup-sized star rose from Di into the Celestial Market, its light lighting the ground. Twelfth month, on yimao, Venus crossed the sky. On gengwu, a lunar eclipse. Intercalary month, on yiyou, Venus crossed the sky. Second year, first month, on gengshen, Venus crossed the sky. That night the moon occulted Mao; second month, on xinchou, upon Heart's fore star; third month, on xinsi, a lunar eclipse. Seventh month, on guichou, Venus shone by day and did not set for thirty-three days. Eighth month, on wuxu, Mars entered the Well and emerged after eleven days. Eleventh month, on jiazi, a lunar eclipse. Third year, eighth month, on yiyou, the moon encroached upon the Ox; ninth month, on xinhai, upon Establishment Star; eleventh month, on wuwu, occulted the Well's battle-axe star.

正隆二年正月庚辰，太白晝見，凡六十七日伏。三年正月丁亥，有流星如杯。長二丈餘，其光燭地，出太微，沒於梗河之北。二月乙卯，熒惑入鬼。辛巳，月食。甲午，月掩歲星；六月丁酉，犯氐。九月己未，太白經天，至明年正月二十一日不見。十二月戊申，月入氐。四年九月壬寅，月掩軒轅右角；十一月壬辰，入畢，犯大星。十二月，太白晝見，凡七日。五年正月，海陵問司天提點馬貴中曰：「朕欲自交伐宋，天道如何？」貴中對曰：「去年十月甲戌，熒惑順入太微，至屏星，留退西出。《占書》熒惑常以

Zhenglong, second year, first month, on gengchen, Venus shone by day and did not set for sixty-seven days. Third year, first month, on dinghai, a cup-sized meteor appeared. Over two zhang long, its light lit the ground; it rose from the Supreme Palace and vanished north of the Geng River. Second month, on yimao, Mars entered Ghost. On xinsi, there was a lunar eclipse. On jiawu, the moon occulted Jupiter; sixth month, on dingyou, upon Di. Ninth month, on jiwei, Venus crossed the sky and did not vanish until the twenty-first day of the next year's first month. Twelfth month, on wushen, the moon entered Di. Fourth year, ninth month, on renyin, the moon occulted Xuanyuan's right horn; eleventh month, on renchen, entered the Net and encroached upon its great star. Twelfth month, Venus shone by day for seven days. Fifth year, first month, Hailing asked Astronomy Bureau Commissioner Ma Guizhong: "I mean to lead the invasion of Song myself—what do the heavens say? Ma Guizhong replied: "Last year, tenth month, on jiaxu, direct-motion Mars entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure to the Screen Star, halted, retreated, and emerged westward. The Book of Omens says Mars usually

十月入太微庭，受制出伺無道之國。又去年十二月，太白晝見經天，占為兵喪，為不臣，為更主，又主有兵兵罷，無兵兵起。」甲午，月食。二月丁卯，太白晝見。四月甲戌，複見，凡百六十有九日乃伏。六年七月乙酉，月食。九月丙申，太白晝見。先是，海陵問司馬貴中曰：「近日天道何如？」貴中曰：「前年八月二十九日太白入太微右掖門，九月二日至端門，九日至左掖門出，並曆左右執法。太微為天子南宮，太白兵將之象，其占：兵入天子之庭。」海陵曰：「今將征伐，而兵將出入太微，正其事也。」貴中又言：「當端門而出，其占為受制，曆左右執法為受事，此當有出使者，或為兵，或為賊。」海陵曰：「兵興之際，小賊固不能無也。」是歲，海陵南伐，遇弑。

enters the Supreme Palace court in the tenth month, is constrained, and emerges to watch over an unrighteous state. Also last year's twelfth month, Venus shone by day and crossed the sky—omens of war and mourning, a disloyal minister, and change of ruler; it also means war ends when war exists, and war begins when none exists. On jiawu, there was a lunar eclipse. Second month, on dingmao, Venus shone by day. Fourth month, on jiaxu, it appeared again and did not set for one hundred sixty-nine days. Sixth year, seventh month, on yiyou, there was a lunar eclipse. Ninth month, on bingshen, Venus shone by day. Earlier, Hailing asked Ma Guizhong: "How have the heavens stood of late? Ma Guizhong said: "Two years ago, on the twenty-ninth day of the eighth month, Venus entered the Supreme Palace's right side-gate; on the second of the ninth it reached the Central Gate; on the ninth it left by the left side-gate—passing both Law Enforcers throughout. The Supreme Palace is the Son of Heaven's southern palace; Venus is the image of troops and generals—the omen: troops enter the Son of Heaven's court. Hailing said: "We are about to campaign—troops and generals passing through the Supreme Palace suits the occasion. Ma Guizhong added: "Exiting by the Central Gate means being constrained; passing the Law Enforcers means receiving affairs—envoys should go forth, or troops, or bandits. Hailing said: "When war arises, petty bandits surely cannot be absent. That year Hailing campaigned south and was assassinated.

世宗大定元年十月丙午，熒惑入太微垣，在上將東。丁巳，月犯井西扇北第二星。二年正月癸巳，太白晝見。閏二月戊寅，月掩軒轅大星；三月戊申，掩太微東籓南第一星；八月乙酉，犯井西扇北第二星；九月庚戌，犯畢距星。十月戊辰，有大星如太白，起室壁間，沒于羽林軍，尾跡長丈餘。三年正月庚子，太白晝見，凡百有十日乃伏。五月辛丑，月入氐。七月庚戌，太白晝見，百二十有七日乃伏。八月丁未，月犯井距星。丙寅，太白晝見，經天。十月庚辰，月犯太微垣西上將星。十一月庚寅，太白晝見。經天。歲星入氐。凡二十四日伏。壬子，月入氐。四年正月戊子，熒惑、歲星同居氐。己丑，熒惑出氐。二月壬午，歲星退入氐，凡二十九日。九月丙午，月犯軒轅大星北次星。十一月丙申，月食，既。十二月辛卯，太白晝見經天。癸卯，月掩房北第一星。五年正月癸亥，月掩軒轅大星北次星；八月丁酉，犯井東扇第一星。十一月癸丑，熒惑入氐，凡二十一日。六年二月丙申，月犯南半東南第二星；三月己未，入氐。四月辛丑，太白晝見，八十有八日伏。六月辛巳，太白晝見；經天。九月壬子，太白晝見，百有三日乃伏；丙辰，經天；十月壬辰，複晝見，經天。十一月辛亥，金入氐，凡七日。庚申，太白晝見，經天；十二月戊子，複見，經天。癸巳，月犯上房北第二星。七年十月乙巳，火入氐，凡四日。十一月壬申，太白晝見，九十有一日伏。丁丑，歲星晝見，二日。八年正月癸未，月掩心大星；三月庚午，掩軒轅大星北一星。己丑，太白晝見，百五十有八日乃伏。五月丁卯，歲星晝見。八月甲午，太白軒轅大星。十月庚子，月掩熒惑；十一月庚午，犯昴。九年正月戊寅，月掩心後星；四月庚子，掩心前星；八月癸卯，掩昴；十二月丙戌，犯土。丁酉，太白晝見，十有六日伏。十年正月丙寅，月掩軒轅大星；七月庚子，犯五車東南星。八月戊申朔，木星掩熒惑，在參畢間。十一年二月壬戌，熒惑犯井東扇北第一星。八月癸卯，太白晝見，十二年五月辛巳，月犯心後星；

Shizong, Dading year 1, tenth month, on bingwu, Mars entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure east of the Upper General. On dingsi, the moon encroached upon the Well's western fan, north second star. Second year, first month, on guisi, Venus shone by day. Intercalary second month, on wuyin, the moon occulted Xuanyuan's great star; third month, on wushen, occulted the Supreme Palace eastern rampart's south first star; eighth month, on yiyou, upon the Well's western fan, north second star; ninth month, on gengxu, upon the Net's distance star. Tenth month, on wuchen, a Venus-sized great star rose between Encampment and Wall and vanished in the Household Guards, its trail over a zhang long. Third year, first month, on gengzi, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred ten days. Fifth month, on xinchou, the moon entered Di. Seventh month, on gengxu, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred twenty-seven days. Eighth month, on dingwei, the moon encroached upon the Well's distance star. On bingyin, Venus shone by day and crossed the sky. Tenth month, on gengchen, the moon encroached upon the Supreme Palace Enclosure's western upper general star. Eleventh month, on gengyin, Venus shone by day. It crossed the sky. Jupiter entered Di. It set after twenty-four days. On renzi, the moon entered Di. Fourth year, first month, on wuzi, Mars and Jupiter shared Di. On jichou, Mars left Di. Second month, on renwu, retrograde Jupiter entered Di and remained twenty-nine days. Ninth month, on bingwu, the moon encroached upon the north secondary star of Xuanyuan's great star. Eleventh month, on bingshen, there was a total lunar eclipse. Twelfth month, on xinmao, Venus shone by day and crossed the sky. On guimao, the moon occulted the first star north of Fang. In the fifth year, first month, on guihai, the moon occulted the star north and next to Xuanyuan's great star; in the eighth month, on dingyou, upon the Well's eastern fan first star. In the eleventh month, on guichou, Mars entered Root and remained for twenty-one days. In the sixth year, second month, on bingshen, the moon encroached upon the Southern Half's southeast second star; third month, on jiwei, it entered Root. In the fourth month, on xinchou, Venus shone by day and did not set for eighty-eight days. In the sixth month, on xinsi, Venus shone by day; it crossed the sky. In the ninth month, on renzi, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred three days; on bingchen, it crossed the sky; In the tenth month, on renchen, it again shone by day and crossed the sky. In the eleventh month, on xinhai, Venus entered Root and remained for seven days. On gengshen, Venus shone by day and crossed the sky; In the twelfth month, on wuzi, it again appeared and crossed the sky. On guisi, the moon encroached upon Upper Chamber's northern second star. In the seventh year, tenth month, on yisi, Mars entered Root and remained for four days. In the eleventh month, on renshen, Venus shone by day and did not set for ninety-one days. On dingchou, Jupiter shone by day for two days. In the eighth year, first month, on guiwei, the moon occulted Heart's great star; third month, on gengwu, occulted the star north of Xuanyuan's great star. On jichou, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred fifty-eight days. In the fifth month, on dingmao, Jupiter shone by day. In the eighth month, on jiawu, Venus encroached upon Xuanyuan's great star. In the tenth month, on gengzi, the moon occulted Mars; in the eleventh month, on gengwu, upon Mao. In the ninth year, first month, on wuyin, the moon occulted Heart's rear star; fourth month, on gengzi, occulted Heart's fore star; eighth month, on guimao, occulted Mao; twelfth month, on bingxu, upon Saturn. On dingyou, Venus shone by day and did not set for sixteen days. In the tenth year, first month, on bingyin, the moon occulted Xuanyuan's great star; in the seventh month, on gengzi, upon the Five Chariots' southeastern star. In the eighth month, on the wushen new moon, Jupiter occulted Mars between Shen and Bi. In the eleventh year, second month, on renxu, Mars encroached upon the Well's eastern fan north first star. In the eighth month, on guimao, Venus shone by day; in the twelfth year, fifth month, on xinsi, the moon encroached upon Heart's rear star;

八月癸卯，犯心大星。辛亥，熒惑掩井東扇北第二星。九月丁亥，太白晝見，在日前，九十有八日伏。十月己酉，熒惑掩鬼西北星。歲星晝見，在日後，四十有七日伏。十三年閏正月辛酉，太白晝見，四十有九日伏。二月己丑，熒惑犯鬼西北星；三月癸巳朔，入鬼；次日，犯積屍氣。六月辛未，月犯心前星。十月乙丑，歲星晝見於日後，五十有三日伏。十四年三月辛丑，太白歲星晝見，十有八日伏；丙辰，二星經天，凡二日。六月己未，太白晝見，三十有九日；八月己卯，晝見，又百三十二日乃伏。庚辰，熒惑犯積屍氣。十月丙寅，歲星晝見，六日。十五年十一月甲子，太白晝見，八十有六日伏。

In the eighth month, on guimao, it encroached upon Heart's great star. On xinhai, Mars occulted the Well's eastern fan north second star. In the ninth month, on dinghai, Venus shone by day before the sun and did not set for ninety-eight days. In the tenth month, on jiyou, Mars occulted Ghost's northwest star. Jupiter shone by day behind the sun and did not set for forty-seven days. In the thirteenth year, intercalary first month, on xinyou, Venus shone by day and did not set for forty-nine days. In the second month, on jichou, Mars encroached upon Ghost's northwest star; third month, on the guisi new moon, it entered Ghost; the next day, upon Accumulated Corpse Breath. In the sixth month, on xinwei, the moon encroached upon Heart's fore star. In the tenth month, on yichou, Jupiter shone by day behind the sun and did not set for fifty-three days. In the fourteenth year, third month, on xinchou, Venus and Jupiter shone by day and did not set for eighteen days; on bingchen, both crossed the sky for two days. In the sixth month, on jiwei, Venus shone by day for thirty-nine days; In the eighth month, on jimao, it shone by day again and did not set for one hundred thirty-two more days. On gengchen, Mars encroached upon Accumulated Corpse Breath. In the tenth month, on bingyin, Jupiter shone by day for six days. In the fifteenth year, eleventh month, on jiazi, Venus shone by day and did not set for eighty-six days.

十二月乙丑，月掩井西扇北第一星。十六年三月庚申，月食。五月甲寅，太白晝見，五十有四日伏。庚午，月掩太白；七月丁未，犯角宿距星；甲子，掩畢宿距星。八月丙子，太白犯軒轅大星。九月丁巳，月食。十月丁丑，熒惑入太微。十一月甲寅，月掩畢星。戊辰，太白犯軒轅大星。九月丁巳，月食。十月丁丑，熒惑入太微。十一月甲寅，月掩畢距星。戊辰，熒惑犯太微上將。十二月己丑，月掩太微左執法。十七年春正月丙寅，熒惑犯太微西籓上相。九月庚戌，歲星、熒惑、太白聚於尾。十二月己巳，太白晝見，四十有四日伏。十八年七月庚辰，土星犯井東扇北第二星。九月己丑，熒惑犯左執法。十二月甲午，鎮星掩井西扇第一星，凡十日。十九年正月甲戌，月食，既。三月甲戌，熒惑犯氐距星。四月丁巳，歲星晝見，凡七日。七月丙子，太白晝見，四十有五日伏；八月癸卯，犯軒轅禦女。辛亥，熒惑掩南斗杓第二星。九月壬申，月掩畢大星。十一月辛未，熒惑掩歲星。十二月丁亥，月犯歲星。二十年二月己丑，月掩畢大星；三月丙辰，掩畢西第二星。二十一年二月戊子，月犯鎮星。戊戌，太白晝見。三月甲子，太白晝見。四月壬申，熒惑掩鬥魁第二星，十有四日。六月甲戌，客星見於華蓋，凡百五十有六日滅。七月乙亥朔，熒惑順入鬥魁中，五日。以下史闕。

In the twelfth month, on yichou, the moon occulted the first star on the northern side of the Well's western fan. In the sixteenth year, third month, on gengshen, there was a lunar eclipse. In the fifth month, on jiayin, Venus shone by day and did not set for fifty-four days. On gengwu, the moon occulted Venus; in the seventh month, on dingwei, upon Horn's determining star; on jiazi, occulted Net's determining star. In the eighth month, on bingzi, Venus encroached upon the great star of Xuanyuan. In the ninth month, on dingsi, there was a lunar eclipse. In the tenth month, on dingchou, Mars entered Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the eleventh month, on jiayin, the moon occulted Net's great star. On wuchen, Venus encroached upon the great star of Xuanyuan. In the ninth month, on dingsi, there was a lunar eclipse. In the tenth month, on dingchou, Mars entered Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the eleventh month, on jiayin, the moon occulted Net's determining star. On wuchen, Mars encroached upon the senior general of Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the twelfth month, on jichou, the moon occulted the left law-enforcer of Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the seventeenth year, spring, first month, on bingyin, Mars encroached upon the senior minister of Supreme Palace Enclosure's western rampart. In the ninth month, on gengxu, Jupiter, Mars, and Venus conjoined at Tail. In the twelfth month, on jisi, Venus shone by day and did not set for forty-four days. In the eighteenth year, seventh month, on gengchen, Saturn encroached upon the second star on the northern side of the Well's eastern fan. In the ninth month, on jichou, Mars encroached upon the left law-enforcer. In the twelfth month, on jiawu, Saturn occulted the first star of the Well's western fan for ten days. In the nineteenth year, first month, on jiaxu, there was a total lunar eclipse. In the third month, on jiaxu, Mars encroached upon Di's determining star. In the fourth month, on dingsi, Jupiter shone by day for seven days. In the seventh month, on bingzi, Venus shone by day and did not set for forty-five days; in the eighth month, on guimao, it encroached upon Xuanyuan's court lady. On xinhai, Mars occulted the second star of the Southern Dipper's ladle. In the ninth month, on renshen, the moon occulted Net's great star. In the eleventh month, on xinwei, Mars occulted Jupiter. In the twelfth month, on dinghai, the moon encroached upon Jupiter. In the twentieth year, second month, on jichou, the moon occulted Net's great star; third month, on bingchen, occulted the second star west of Net. In the twenty-first year, second month, on wuzi, the moon encroached upon Saturn. On wuxu, Venus shone by day. In the third month, on jiazi, Venus shone by day. In the fourth month, on renshen, Mars occulted the second star of the Dipper Hub for fourteen days. In the sixth month, on jiaxu, a guest star appeared at Canopy and vanished after one hundred fifty-six days. In the seventh month, on the yihai new moon, Mars in direct motion entered the Dipper Hub for five days. Below, the annals are missing.

二十二年五月甲申，太白書見，六十有四日伏。七月戊子，歲星晝見，二日。八月戊辰，太白晝見，百二十有八日，其經天者六十四日。十一月辛未，熒惑行氐中。乙亥，太白入氐。辛巳夜，月食，既。癸未，熒惑太白皆出氐中。十二月戊戌，熒惑犯鉤鈐。二十三年五月己卯，月食，既。九月甲申，歲星晝見，五十有五日伏。十月辛酉，太白晝見，百四十有九日乃伏。十一月丁卯，歲星晝見，三十有三日伏。閏十一月庚申，歲星晝見，九十日伏。二十四年四月己未朔，太白晝見，百四十有五日乃伏。甲申，月掩太白。九月庚子，歲星犯軒轅大星，甲辰晝見，凡五十二日伏。十月壬申，太白、辰星同度。二十五年三月乙酉，太白與月相犯，九月丁亥，月在鬥魁中，犯西第五星。十一月庚辰朔，歲星晝見，在日後，凡七十四日。壬午，太白晝見，在日後，百十有一日乃伏。十二月己未，月犯熒惑。甲子，太白晝見經天。二十六年三月丙戌，熒惑入井。鎮星犯太微東籓上相。壬辰，月食。四月丁丑，熒惑犯鬼西南星。七月丙申，月掩心前星。八月乙亥朔，日月五星會於軫。十二月乙未，月掩心前大星，又犯於後星。二十七年五月壬子，月犯心大星。六月庚辰，太白晝見，百七十有三日乃伏。癸巳，月掩昴；七月丙午，犯房南第一星。是日，太白晝見經天。十月己丑，太白入氐。十二月丁丑，月掩昴。二十八年正月己未，歲星留于房；甲子，守房北第一星。十一月丙申，鎮星入氐。庚子，太白晝見，在日前，四十有九日伏。十二月壬申，月掩昴。二十九年正月丁酉，土星留氐中，三十有七日逆行，後七十九日出氐。五月庚寅朔，太白晝見，在日後。六月丙辰，月犯太白，月北星南，同在柳宿。十一月己未，熒惑守軒轅，至戊辰退行，其色稍怒。十二月辛丑，月食，既。

In the twenty-second year, fifth month, on jiashen, Venus shone by day in an inscribed form and did not set for sixty-four days. In the seventh month, on wuzi, Jupiter shone by day for two days. In the eighth month, on wuchen, Venus shone by day for one hundred twenty-eight days, sixty-four of them crossing the sky. In the eleventh month, on xinwei, Mars traversed the midst of Di. On yihai, Venus entered Di. On xinsi at night, there was a total lunar eclipse. On guiwei, Mars and Venus both left Root. In the twelfth month, on wuxu, Mars encroached upon Hooked Clasps. In the twenty-third year, fifth month, on jimao: total lunar eclipse. In the ninth month, on jiashen, Jupiter shone by day for fifty-five days before setting. In the tenth month, on xinyou, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred forty-nine days. In the eleventh month, on dingmao, Jupiter shone by day for thirty-three days before setting. In the intercalary eleventh month, on gengshen, Jupiter shone by day for ninety days before setting. In the twenty-fourth year, fourth month, on jiwei new moon, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred forty-five days. On jiashen, the moon occulted Venus. In the ninth month, on gengzi, Jupiter encroached upon Xuanyuan's great star; on jiachen it shone by day and set after fifty-two days in all. In the tenth month, on renshen, Venus and Mercury shared the same degree. In the twenty-fifth year, third month, on yiyou, Venus and the moon mutually encroached; ninth month, on dinghai, the moon in the Dipper's ladle encroached the fifth star on the west. In the eleventh month, on gengchen new moon, Jupiter shone by day behind the sun for seventy-four days in all. On renwu, Venus shone by day behind the sun and set after one hundred eleven days. In the twelfth month, on jiwei, the moon encroached upon Mars. On jiazi, Venus shone by day and crossed the sky. In the twenty-sixth year, third month, on bingxu, Mars entered the Well. Saturn encroached upon the Supreme Palace Enclosure's eastern rampart upper minister. On renchen, lunar eclipse. In the fourth month, on dingchou, Mars encroached upon Ghost's southwestern star. In the seventh month, on bingshen, the moon occulted Heart's anterior star. In the eighth month, on yihai new moon, the sun, moon, and five planets gathered at Crossbar. In the twelfth month, on yiwei, the moon occulted Heart's anterior great star and again encroached the posterior star. In the twenty-seventh year, fifth month, on renzi, the moon encroached upon Heart's great star. In the sixth month, on gengchen, Venus shone by day and did not set for one hundred seventy-three days. On guisi, the moon occulted Hairy Head; seventh month, on bingwu, upon House's first southern star. That day, Venus shone by day and crossed the sky. In the tenth month, on jichou, Venus entered Root. In the twelfth month, on dingchou, the moon occulted Hairy Head. In the twenty-eighth year, first month, on jiwei, Jupiter halted at House; on jiazi, it stationed itself at House's first northern star. In the eleventh month, on bingshen, Saturn entered Root. On gengzi, Venus shone by day before the sun and set after forty-nine days. In the twelfth month, on renshen, the moon occulted Hairy Head. In the twenty-ninth year, first month, on dingyou, Saturn halted in Root; for thirty-seven days it moved retrograde, then after seventy-nine more days left Root. In the fifth month, on gengyin new moon, Venus shone by day behind the sun. In the sixth month, on bingchen, the moon encroached Venus with the moon north and Venus south, both in Willow. In the eleventh month, on jiwei, Mars stationed at Xuanyuan until wuchen, when it turned retrograde, its hue somewhat fierce. In the twelfth month, on xinchou: total lunar eclipse.

章宗明昌元年二月丁亥，太白晝見。六月丁酉，月食，既。十二月乙未，月食。二年六月壬辰，月食。十一月乙丑，金木二星見在日前，十三日方伏而順行，危宿在羽林軍士、壘壁陣下，光芒明天。十二月戊子，木金相犯，有光芒。三年三月戊戌，熒惑順行犯太微西籓上將。四月丁巳，月食。己未，熒惑掩右執法，色怒而稍赤。四年正月丙子，月有暈，白虹貫其中。八月己亥，卯初三刻，歲星見，未正二刻，太白見，俱在午位。其夜歲星留胃十三度，守天廩。十月戊申，月食。五年十月癸卯，月食。十一月癸丑，太白晝見，在日前，三十有三日伏。六年正月庚寅，太白晝見，在日前，百有二日乃伏。六月庚辰，複晝見，在日後，百六十七日，唯是日經天。

Zhangzong, Mingchang year 1, second month, on dinghai, Venus shone by day. In the sixth month, on dingyou: total lunar eclipse. In the twelfth month, on yiwei: lunar eclipse. Second year, sixth month, on renchen: lunar eclipse. In the eleventh month, on yichou, Venus and Jupiter appeared before the sun; after thirteen days they set and moved direct; Danger lay below Palace Guard soldiers and Rampart Formation, their light bright across the sky. In the twelfth month, on wuzi, Jupiter and Venus mutually encroached, showing radiance. Third year, third month, on wuxu, direct Mars encroached the Supreme Palace Enclosure's western rampart upper general. Fourth month, on dingsi: lunar eclipse. On jiwei, Mars occulted the Right Lawgiver, its hue fierce and somewhat red. Fourth year, first month, on bingzi, the moon showed a halo with a white rainbow through it. In the eighth month, on jihai, at mao dawn's third quarter Jupiter appeared; at wei proper's second quarter Venus appeared—both in the Horse position. That night Jupiter halted thirteen degrees within Stomach and stationed itself at Heavenly Granary. In the tenth month, on wushen: lunar eclipse. In the fifth year, tenth month, on guimao: lunar eclipse. In the eleventh month, on guichou, Venus shone by day before the sun and set after thirty-three days. In the sixth year, first month, on gengyin, Venus shone by day before the sun and did not set for one hundred two days. In the sixth month, on gengchen, it again shone by day behind the sun for one hundred sixty-seven days; only that day did it cross the sky.

承安元年四月，司天奏河津星象事，上諭宰相曰：「天道不測，當預防之。」八月壬戌，月食，九月壬午，太白晝見，在日前，百有七日乃伏。二年二月丁巳，太白晝見，在日後，百九十有五日乃伏；己未，經天。是夜，月食，既。三年正月甲寅，月食。七月庚戌，月食。五年五月庚午，月食，六月庚戌，月掩太白。

In Cheng'an year 1, fourth month, the Director of Astronomy reported on star signs at Hejin; the emperor told the chief ministers, "Heaven's Way cannot be measured—we must guard against it in advance." In the eighth month, on renxu: lunar eclipse; ninth month, on renchen, Venus shone by day before the sun and set after one hundred seven days. In the second year, second month, on dingsi, Venus shone by day behind the sun and did not set for one hundred ninety-five days; on jiwei, it crossed the sky. That night: total lunar eclipse. Third year, first month, on jiayin: lunar eclipse. In the seventh month, on gengxu: lunar eclipse. In the fifth year, fifth month, on gengwu: lunar eclipse; sixth month, on gengxu, the moon occulted Venus.

泰和元年十一月辛酉，月食。二年五月己未，月食。三年三月癸未，月食。六月戊戌，太白晝見，在日後，百有十日乃伏。四年九月乙亥，月食。五年三月壬申，月食。閏八月己巳，月食。六年五月甲申，太白晝見，在日前，七十有六日；庚戌，經天。六月辛未，歲星晝見，在日後；七月戊申，經天。八月癸卯，月暈圍太白、熒惑二星。辛亥，歲星辰見，至夜五更，與東井距星相去七寸內。癸丑，夜半有流星如太白，其色赤，起于婁宿。己未卯正初刻，太白晝見，在日前。其夜五更，熒惑與輿鬼、積屍氣相犯，在七寸內。庚申卯正初，太白晝見，在日後。其夜五更初，熒惑在輿鬼、積屍氣中。壬申，太白晝見，經天，在日後。十月丙午，歲星犯東井距星。十一月壬午，太白入氐。七年正月丙戌初更，月有暈圍歲、鎮二星，在參畢間。辛卯，月食。三月癸丑，月掩軒轅大星。七月戊子，月食。九月己卯初更，月在南斗魁中。旦，歲星在輿鬼中。八年正月丙戌，月食。七月戊戌朔，太白晝見，在日後。八月壬戌，太白、歲星光芒相及，同在張一度。十一月庚子未刻，有流星如太白者二，光芒如炬，幾一丈，起東北，沒東南。

In Taihe year 1, eleventh month, on xinyou: lunar eclipse. In the second year, fifth month, on jiwei: lunar eclipse. In the third year, third month, on guiwei: lunar eclipse. In the sixth month, on wuxu, Venus shone by day behind the sun and did not set for one hundred ten days. In the fourth year, ninth month, on yihai: lunar eclipse. In the fifth year, third month, on renshen: lunar eclipse. In the intercalary eighth month, on jisi: lunar eclipse. In the sixth year, fifth month, on jiashen, Venus shone by day before the sun for seventy-six days; on gengxu, it crossed the sky. In the sixth month, on xinwei, Jupiter shone by day behind the sun; In the seventh month, on wushen, it crossed the sky. In the eighth month, on guimao, a lunar halo encircled Venus and Mars. On xinhai, Jupiter and Mercury appeared; by the fifth watch they lay within seven cun of Eastern Well's distance star. On guichou, at midnight a meteor bright as Venus, red in color, rose from Stomach mansion. On jiwei at mao proper's first quarter, Venus shone by day before the sun. That night at the fifth watch, Mars, Carriage Ghosts, and Accumulated Corpse Breath mutually encroached within seven cun. On gengshen at mao proper's first quarter, Venus shone by day behind the sun. That night at the start of the fifth watch, Mars lay within Carriage Ghosts and Accumulated Corpse Breath. On renshen, Venus shone by day, crossed the sky, and stood behind the sun. In the tenth month, on bingwu, Jupiter encroached upon Eastern Well's distance star. In the eleventh month, on renwu, Venus entered Root. In the seventh year, first month, on bingxu at the first watch, the moon showed a halo around Jupiter and Saturn between Shen and Bi. On xinmao: lunar eclipse. In the third month, on guichou, the moon occulted Xuanyuan's great star. In the seventh month, on wuzi: lunar eclipse. In the ninth month, on jimao at the first watch, the moon lay within Southern Dipper's ladle. At dawn, Jupiter lay within Carriage Ghosts. In the eighth year, first month, on bingxu: lunar eclipse. In the seventh month, on wuxu new moon, Venus shone by day behind the sun. In the eighth month, on renxu, Venus and Jupiter, their light touching, both stood at one degree of Extended Net. In the eleventh month, on gengzi at the wei quarter, two meteors bright as Venus, torch-like in radiance and nearly one zhang long, rose in the northeast and set in the southeast.

崇慶元年春三月，日正午，日、月、太白皆相去咫尺。

In Chongqing year 1, third month of spring, at noon the sun, moon, and Venus all lay within a hand's breadth of one another.

宣宗貞祐元年十一月丙子，熒惑入壘壁陣。二年二月庚戌，月食。八月丁未，月食。

In Xuanzong's first Zhenyou year, eleventh month, on bingzi, Mars entered Rampart Formation. In the second year, second month, on gengxu: lunar eclipse. In the eighth month, on dingwei: lunar eclipse.

九月丁亥，太白晝見於軫。十一月庚辰，鎮星犯太微東垣上相。辛巳，熒惑犯房、鉤鈐。三年七月庚申，有流星如太白，其色青白，有尾出紫微垣北極之旁，入貫索中。己卯，月入畢，至戊夜犯畢大星。八月辛丑，月食，既。十二月庚寅，太白晝見於危，八十有五日伏。四年正月乙卯夜，中天有流星大如十，色赤長丈余，墜於西南，其聲如雷。二月己亥，月食。四月丁酉，太白晝見於奎，百九十有六日乃伏。六月丙申，歲星晝見於奎，百有一日乃伏。閏七月乙未，月食；辛丑，犯畢。十一月丙戌，月暈歲星，歲在奎，月在壁；己丑，犯畢大星；十二月戊午，複犯畢大星。

In the ninth month, on dinghai, Venus shone by day at Chariot. In the eleventh month, on gengchen, Saturn encroached the Supreme Palace Enclosure's eastern rampart upper minister. On xinsi, Mars encroached upon Room and Hooked Clasps. In the third year, seventh month, on gengshen, a blue-white, tailed meteor bright as Venus rose by the north pole of the Purple Forbidden Enclosure and entered the Coiled Prison. On jimao, the moon entered Net; by the wu watch it encroached upon Net's great star. In the eighth month, on xinchou: total lunar eclipse. In the twelfth month, on gengyin, Venus shone by day at Danger and set after eighty-five days. In the fourth year, first month, on yimao at night, a meteor of exceptional size, red and more than a zhang long, blazed at midheaven and fell in the southwest with a thunderous roar. In the second month, on jihai: lunar eclipse. In the fourth month, on dingyou, Venus shone by day at Kui and did not set for one hundred ninety-six days. In the sixth month, on bingshen, Jupiter shone by day at Kui for one hundred one days before setting. In the intercalary seventh month, on yiwei: lunar eclipse; on xinchou, it encroached upon Net. In the eleventh month, on bingxu, the moon haloed Jupiter; Jupiter stood in Kui and the moon in Wall; on jichou, it encroached upon Net's great star; In the twelfth month, on wuwu, it again encroached upon Net's great star.

興定元年正月乙酉，月犯畢左股第二星。四月戊辰，太白晝見於井，百六十有二日乃伏。八月戊申，歲星晝見於昴，六十有七日伏。九月癸巳，月犯東井西扇第二星。十月癸丑，夜有流星大如杯，尾長丈余，自軒轅起貫太微，沒於角宿之上。十一月癸未，月暈歲星、熒惑二星，木在胃，火在昴。丙戌，太白晝見。十二月戊午，月食。二年六月乙卯，月食。八月壬戌，有流星大如杯，尾長丈餘，其光燭地，起建星，沒尾中。一雲自東北至西北而墜，其光如塔狀，先有聲如風，後若雷者三，窗紙皆震。十月庚申，月犯軒轅左角之少民星。十二月壬子，月食，既。三年五月庚戌，月食，既。壬子，太白晝見於參，三十有六日經天，又百八十四日乃伏。七月壬寅初昏，在星自西南來，其光燭地，狀如月而稍不圓，色青白，有小星千百環之，若迸火然，墜于東北，少頃有聲如鼓。八月丁卯，歲星犯輿鬼東南星。己巳，歲星晝見於柳，百有九日乃伏。十一月乙巳，月食。癸丑，白虹二，夾月，尋複貫之。四年正月庚子，月犯東井。三月甲寅，歲星犯鬼、積屍氣。五月甲辰，月食；六月戊辰，犯鎮星。己巳，太白晝見於張，百八十有四日乃伏。十一月壬辰，歲星晝見於翼，六十有七日，夜又犯靈臺北第一星。五年正月辛丑，太白晝見於牛，二百三十有二日乃伏。司天夾穀德玉等奏以為臣強之象，請致祭以禳之。宣宗曰：「鬥、牛吳分，蓋宋境也。他國有災，吾禳之可乎。」九月庚戌，歲星犯左執法。閏十二月戊子，熒惑犯軒轅。甲午，月犯熒惑。戊戌，鎮星晝見於軫。己亥，太白晝見於室。六年正月辛酉，月犯熒惑；壬戌，犯軒轅。三月壬子，月食太白。癸亥，月食。丙寅，歲星犯太微左執法。七月乙亥，太白經天，與日爭光。八月己卯，彗星出於亢宿、右攝提、周鼎之間，指大角，太史奏：「除舊佈新之象，宜改元修政以消天變。」於是改是年為元光元年。九月丁未，滅。壬申，月食歲星。

In the first Xingding year, first month, on yiyou, the moon encroached Net's left-thigh second star. In the fourth month, on wuchen, Venus shone by day at the Well and did not set for one hundred sixty-two days. In the eighth month, on wushen, Jupiter shone by day at Hairy Head for sixty-seven days before setting. In the ninth month, on guisi, the moon encroached the Eastern Well's western fan second star. In the tenth month, on guichou at night, a cup-sized meteor with a tail over a zhang long rose from Xuanyuan, ran through the Supreme Palace Enclosure, and vanished above Horn. In the eleventh month, on guiwei, the moon haloed Jupiter and Mars; Jupiter stood in Stomach and Mars in Hairy Head. On bingxu, Venus shone by day. In the twelfth month, on wuwu: lunar eclipse. In the second year, sixth month, on yimao: lunar eclipse. In the eighth month, on renxu, a cup-sized meteor with a tail over a zhang long lit the ground; it rose at Establishment Star and vanished in Tail's middle. Another account says it fell from northeast to northwest, its light tower-shaped; wind-like sound first, then three thunderclaps, and window paper shook throughout. In the tenth month, on gengshen, the moon encroached the Lesser People star north of Xuanyuan's left horn. In the twelfth month, on renzi: total lunar eclipse. In the third year, fifth month, on gengxu: total lunar eclipse. On renzi, Venus shone by day at Shen, crossed the sky for thirty-six days, and did not set for one hundred eighty-four days more. In the seventh month, at first dusk on renyin, it came from the southwest among the stars, lighting the earth like a slightly irregular moon, blue-white, ringed by hundreds of small stars like spurting flame; it fell in the northeast, and soon a drum-like sound followed. In the eighth month, on dingmao, Jupiter encroached Carriage Ghosts' southeastern star. On jisi, Jupiter shone by day at Willow for one hundred nine days before setting. In the eleventh month, on yisi: lunar eclipse. On guichou, two white rainbows flanked the moon and soon ran through it again. In the fourth year, first month, on gengzi, the moon encroached the Eastern Well. In the third month, on jiayin, Jupiter encroached Ghost and Accumulated Corpse Breath. In the fifth month, on jiachen: lunar eclipse; sixth month, on wuchen, upon Saturn. On jisi, Venus shone by day at Spread and did not set for one hundred eighty-four days. In the eleventh month, on renchen, Jupiter shone by day at Wings for sixty-seven days; that night it again encroached the Spirit Platform's north first star. In the fifth year, first month, on xinchou, Venus shone by day at Ox and did not set for two hundred thirty-two days. Director of Astronomy Jiagu Deyu and others reported that this signified overpowerful ministers and asked to offer sacrifices to avert it. Xuanzong said: "Dipper and Ox mark Wu's allotment — essentially Song territory. If another state suffers calamity, may we avert it on their behalf?" In the ninth month, on gengxu, Jupiter encroached the Left Lawgiver. In the intercalary twelfth month, on wuzi, Mars encroached Xuanyuan. On jiawu, the moon encroached Mars. On wuxu, Saturn shone by day at Chariot. On jihai, Venus shone by day at Encampment. In the sixth year, first month, on xinyou, the moon encroached upon Mars; On renxu, it encroached upon Xuanyuan. In the third month, on renzi, the moon occulted Venus. On guihai, there was a lunar eclipse. On bingyin, Jupiter encroached the Supreme Palace Enclosure's left lawgiver. In the seventh month, on yihai, Venus crossed the sky and vied with the sun for brilliance. In the eighth month, on jimao, a comet rose between Arrested, Right Triumphant, and Zhou Tripod, aimed at Great Horn. The Grand Astrologer reported: "This is an omen to cast off the old and renew the realm; change the era and reform rule to quiet Heaven's wrath." The court then renamed that year as the first year of Yuanguang. In the ninth month, on dingwei, the comet vanished. On renshen, the moon occulted Jupiter.

元光二年八月乙亥，熒惑入輿鬼，掩積屍氣；十月壬午，犯靈台；十一月，又犯心大星。

In the second year of Yuanguang, eighth month, on yihai, Mars entered Carriage Ghosts and veiled Accumulated Corpse Breath; in the tenth month, on renwu, upon Observatory Terrace; in the eleventh month, it again encroached Heart's great star.

哀宗正大元年正月丙午，月犯昴；三月癸丑，犯熒惑。是月，熒惑逆行犯左執法。四月癸酉，熒惑犯右執法。乙未，太白、辰星相犯。三年十一月丙辰，月掩熒惑。丁巳，熒惑犯歲星；庚申，犯壘壁陣。癸酉，五星並見於西南。十二月，熒惑入月。四年正月壬戌，熒惑犯太白。六月丙辰，太白入井。七月丁亥，熒惑犯斗從西第二星。五年五月乙酉，月掩心大星。七年十月己巳，月暈，至五更複有大連環貫之，絡北斗，內有戟氣。十二月庚寅，有星出天津下，大如鎮星而色不明，初犯輦道，二日見於東北，在織女南；乙未，入天市垣，戊申方出；癸丑，曆房北，複東南行，入積薪，凡二十五日而滅。

Aizong, first year of Zhengda, first month, on bingwu, the moon encroached Hairy Head; third month, on guichou, upon Mars. That month, retrograde Mars encroached the left lawgiver. Fourth month, on guiyou, Mars encroached the right lawgiver. On yiwei, Venus and Mercury mutually encroached. Third year, eleventh month, on bingchen, the moon occulted Mars. On dingsi, Mars encroached Jupiter; on gengshen, upon Rampart Formation. On guiyou, all five planets stood visible together in the southwest. In the twelfth month, Mars entered the moon. Fourth year, first month, on renxu, Mars encroached Venus. Sixth month, on bingchen, Venus entered the Well. Seventh month, on dinghai, Mars encroached the Dipper's second star from the west. Fifth year, fifth month, on yiyou, the moon occulted Heart's great star. Seventh year, tenth month, on jisi, the moon showed a halo; by the fifth watch great linked rings ran through it again, threading the Dipper, with halberd vapor inside. Twelfth month, on gengyin, a star rose below Celestial Pier, Saturn-sized but dim; it first struck Imperial Carriage Way, then after two days showed in the northeast, south of Weaving Maid; on yiwei, it entered the Heavenly Market Enclosure; on wushen it finally emerged; on guichou, it passed north of Room, turned southeast again, entered Accumulated Firewood, and vanished after twenty-five days in all.

天興元年七月乙巳，太白、歲星、熒惑、太陰俱會於軫、翼，司天武亢極言天變，上惟歎息，竟亦不之罪也。八月甲戌，太白、歲星交。閏九月己酉，彗星見東方，色白，長丈餘，彎曲如象牙，出角、軫南行，至十二日長二丈，十六日月燭不見，二十七日五更複出東南，約長四丈餘，至十月一日始滅，凡四十有八日。司天奏其咎在北，哀宗曰：「我亦北人，今日之事，我當滅也，何乃不先不後，適丁此乎！」

In the first year of Tianxing, seventh month, on yisi, Venus, Jupiter, Mars, and the moon all gathered at Chariot Shaft and Wings. Wu Kang of the Bureau of Astronomy pressed hard on the celestial omen; the emperor could only sigh and did not punish him after all. Eighth month, on jiaxu, Venus and Jupiter crossed paths. Intercalary ninth month, on jiyou, a white comet more than a zhang long, curved like ivory, appeared in the east and moved south from Horn and Chariot Shaft; by the twelfth day it stretched two zhang; on the sixteenth moonlight hid it; on the twenty-seventh at the fifth watch it reappeared in the southeast, some four zhang long or more, and did not vanish until the first day of the tenth month—forty-eight days in all. The Director of Astronomy said the omen pointed north. Aizong said, "I too am a man of the north. With things as they stand today, it is I who must fall—why neither sooner nor later, but timed to land on me now?"

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