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方丘儀
Ceremonial Protocol for the Square Mound
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齋戒：祭前三日質明，有司設三獻以下行事官位於尚書省。 初獻南面，監祭禦史位於西，東向，監禮博士位於東，西向，俱北上。 司徒亞、終獻位於南，北向。 次光祿卿、太常卿，次第一等分獻官、司天監，次第二等分獻官、光祿丞、郊社令、大樂令、良醖令、廩犧令、司尊彝，次內濆內外分獻官、太祝官、奉禮郎、協律郎、諸執事官，就位，立定。 次禮直官引初獻就位，初獻讀誓曰：「今年五月幾日夏至，祭皇地祇于方丘，所有攝官，各揚其職。 其或不敬，國有常刑。」 讀畢，禮直官贊：「七品以下官先退。」 餘官對拜，訖，退。 散齋二日，宿於正寢，治理如故。 齋禁並如郊祀。 守濆門兵衛與大樂工人，俱清齋一宿。 行禮官前期習儀於祠所。
Purification: Three days before the rite, at dawn the responsible offices assigned stations at the Secretariat for the three offerers and all attending ritual officers. The initial offerer faced south; the supervising censor stood west, facing east; the supervising ritual academician stood east, facing west—all ranked from the north. The Minister of Education as secondary offerer and the final offerer stood in the south, facing north. Then came the Directors of Imperial Victuals and Grand Harmony; first-grade distributed offerers and the Directorate of Astronomy; second-grade distributed offerers, victual aide, suburban altar director, Grand Music director, brewer, granary officer, and vessel keeper; inner and outer embankment distributed offerers, grand invoker, ritual attendants, pitch officers, and all executives—they took station and stood fast. The ritual attendant then led the initial offerer to his place; he read the oath: "On such-and-such day in the fifth month, at the summer solstice, we sacrifice to Imperial Earth at the square mound—every acting official, perform your charge. Whoever is not reverent—the state has fixed penalties." When he had finished reading, the attendant called: "Officials of seventh rank and below withdraw first." The rest bowed to one another, then withdrew. For two days of dispersed abstinence they lodged in the main quarters and governed as usual. Abstinence rules matched those for suburban sacrifice. Gate guards and Grand Music craftsmen all kept pure abstinence overnight. Ritual officers rehearsed the ceremony at the shrine beforehand.
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陳設：祭前三日，所司設三獻官以下行事執事官次於外壝東門之外，道南，北向，西上，隨地之宜。 又設饌幕於內濆東門之外，道北南向。 祭前二日，所司設兵衛，各服其服，守衛濆門，每門二人。 大樂令帥其屬，設登歌之樂於壇上，如郊祀。 郊社令帥其屬，掃除壇之上下，為瘞坎在內濆外之壬地。 祭前一日，司天監、郊社令各服其服，帥其屬，升設皇地祇神座於壇上北方，南向，席以槁秸。 又設配位神座於東方，西向，席以蒲越。 又設神州地祇神座於壇之第一等東南方，席以槁秸。 又設五神、五官、嶽鎮海瀆二十九座於第二等階之間，各依方位。 又設昆侖、山大川澤二十一座於內濆之內，又設丘陵墳衍原隰三十座於內濆外，席皆以莞。
Arrangements: Three days before the rite, the responsible offices placed the three offerers and all executive officers outside the outer embankment's east gate, south of the path, facing north and ranked from the west, as terrain permitted. They also erected a food canopy outside the inner embankment's east gate, south of the path on the north side, facing south. Two days before the rite, the responsible offices posted guards in full dress at the embankment gates—two per gate. The Grand Music director and his staff set the ascent hymn on the altar, as at suburban sacrifice. The suburban altar director and his staff swept the altar clean and dug a burial pit at the ren position outside the inner embankment. On the eve of the rite, the Directorate of Astronomy and the suburban altar director, properly attired, led their staffs up to set Imperial Earth's seat on the north of the altar, facing south, on straw matting. They also placed the consort's seat in the east, facing west, on rush matting. They also placed the Spirit State Earth seat in the southeast of the altar's first tier, on straw matting. They also set twenty-nine seats for the Five Spirits, Five Officials, marchmounts, garrisons, seas, and streams on the second tier, each in its proper direction. Inside the inner embankment they set twenty-one seats for Kunlun, great mountains, rivers, and marshes; outside it, thirty seats for hills, mounds, dykes, plains, and lowlands—all on cattail mats.
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又設神位版，各於座首。 子陛之西，水神玄冥、北嶽、北鎮、北海、北瀆於壇之第二等，北山、北林、北川、北澤、於內濆內，北丘、北陵、北墳、北衍、北原、北隰於內濆外，皆各為一列，以東為上。 卯陛之北，木神勾芒，東嶽、長白山、東鎮、東海、東瀆於壇之第二等，東山、東林、東川、東澤於內濆內，東丘、東陵、東墳、東衍、東原、東隰於內濆外，皆各為一列，以南為上。 午陛之東，神州地祇於壇之第一等，火神祝融，南嶽、南鎮、南海、南瀆於壇之第二等，南山、南林、南川、南澤於內濆內，南丘、南陵、南墳、南衍、南原、南隰於內濆外，皆各為一列，以西為上。 午陛之西，土神後土、中嶽、中鎮於壇之第二等，中山、中林、中川、中澤於內濆內，中丘、中陵、中墳、中衍、中原、中隰於內濆外，皆各為一列，以南為上。 酉陛之南，金神蓐收、西嶽、西鎮、西海、西瀆於壇之第二等，昆侖、西山、西林、西川、凱撒於內濆內，西丘、西陵、西墳、西衍、西原、西隰於內壝外，皆各為一列，以北為上。 其皇地祇、及配位、神州地祇之座，並禮神之玉，設訖，俟告潔畢權徹，祭日早重設。 其第二等下神座，設定不收。
They also placed spirit tablets at the head of each seat. West of the zi ascent: Water Spirit Xuanming, the Northern Marchmount, garrison, sea, and stream on the second tier; northern mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes within the inner embankment; northern mounds, hills, tombs, dykes, plains, and lowlands outside it—each in one row, ranked from the east. North of the mao ascent: Wood Spirit Goumang, the Eastern Marchmount, Changbai Mountain, garrison, sea, and stream on the second tier; eastern mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes within the inner embankment; eastern mounds, hills, tombs, dykes, plains, and lowlands outside it—each in one row, ranked from the south. East of the wu ascent: Spirit State Earth on the first tier; Fire Spirit Zhurong, the Southern Marchmount, garrison, sea, and stream on the second; southern mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes within the inner embankment; southern mounds, hills, tombs, dykes, plains, and lowlands outside it—each in one row, ranked from the west. West of the wu ascent: Earth Spirit Houtu, the Central Marchmount, and central garrison on the second tier; central mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes within the inner embankment; central mounds, hills, tombs, dykes, plains, and lowlands outside it—each in one row, ranked from the south. South of the you ascent: Metal Spirit Roushou, the Western Marchmount, garrison, sea, and stream on the second tier; Kunlun, western mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes within the inner embankment; western mounds, hills, tombs, dykes, plains, and lowlands outside the outer embankment—each in one row, ranked from the north. Once the seats of Imperial Earth, the consort, and Spirit State Earth, with the jade for honoring the spirits, were in place, they awaited the purity announcement; afterward they were temporarily removed and set again early on the day of sacrifice. Spirit seats below the second tier, once set, were left in place.
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奉禮郎、禮直官又設三獻官位於卯陛之東稍北，西向。 司徒位於卯陛之東，道南，西向。 太常卿、光祿卿位次之。 第一等分獻官、司天監位於其東，光祿丞、郊社令、太官令、廩犧令位又在其東，每等異位重行，俱西向北上。 又設太祝、奉禮郎及諸執事位於內壝東門外道南，每等異位重行，俱西向北上。 設監祭禦史二位，一於壇下午陛之西南，一於子陛之西北，俱東向。 設監禮博士二位，一於壇下午陛之東南，一於子陛之東北，俱西向。 奉禮郎位於壇之東南，西向。 協律郎位於樂虡西北，東向。 大樂令位於樂虡之間，西向。 司尊彝位於酌尊所，俱北向。 設望瘞位坎之南，北向。 又設牲榜位於內濆東門之外，西向。 太祝、祝史各位於牲後，俱西向。 設省饌位於牲西，太常卿、光祿卿、太官令位於牲北，南向，西上。 監祭、監禮位在太常卿之西稍卻，西上。 廩犧令位於牲西南，北向。 又陳禮饌於內壝東門之外，道北，南向。 設省饌位於禮饌之南。 太常卿、光祿卿、太官令位在東，西向，監祭、監禮位在西，東向，俱北上。 設祝版於神位之右。
Ritual attendants also placed the three offerers slightly north of the mao ascent's east side, facing west. The Minister of Education stood east of the mao ascent, south of the path, facing west. The Directors of Grand Harmony and Imperial Victuals stood next in rank. First-grade distributed offerers and the Directorate of Astronomy stood to their east; the victual aide, suburban altar director, kitchen director, and granary officer still farther east—each grade in its own row, all facing west and ranked from the north. They also placed the grand invoker, ritual attendants, and all executives south of the path outside the inner embankment's east gate—each grade in its own row, facing west and ranked from the north. Two supervising censors were posted—one southwest of the wu ascent on the altar, one northwest of the zi ascent—both facing east. Two supervising ritual academicians were posted—one southeast of the wu ascent on the altar, one northeast of the zi ascent—both facing west. The ritual attendant stood in the altar's southeast, facing west. The pitch officer stood northwest of the music terrace, facing east. The Grand Music director stood between the music terraces, facing west. The vessel keeper stood at the libation station, all facing north. The station for gazing at the burial offering was placed south of the pit, facing north. They also set the victim display outside the inner embankment's east gate, facing west. The grand invoker and invoker scribes stood behind the victims, all facing west. The inspection station lay west of the victims; the Directors of Grand Harmony and Imperial Victuals and the kitchen director stood north of them, facing south and ranked from the west. The supervising censor and ritual academician stood slightly behind and west of the Director of Grand Harmony, ranked from the west. The granary officer stood southwest of the victims, facing north. They also laid out ritual food outside the inner embankment's east gate, north of the path, facing south. The inspection station was placed south of the ritual food. The Directors of Grand Harmony and Imperial Victuals and the kitchen director stood east, facing west; the supervising censor and ritual academician stood west, facing east—all ranked from the north. Invocation tablets were placed to the right of each spirit seat.
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司尊及奉禮郎帥其屬，設玉幣篚於酌尊所，次及籩豆之位。 正、配位各左有十一籩、右有十一豆，俱為三行。 登三，在籩豆間。 鉶三，在登前。 簠一、簋一，各在鉶前。 又設尊罍之位，皇地祇太尊二、著尊二、犧尊二、山罍二，在壇上東南隅。 配位著尊二，犧尊二、象尊二、山罍二，在正位酒尊之東，俱北向西上，皆有坫，加勺、冪，為酌尊所。 又設皇地祇位象尊二、壺尊二、山罍四，在壇下午陛之西，北向西上。 配位犧尊二、壺尊二、山罍四，在酉陛之北，東向北上，皆有坫，加冪，設而不酌。 神州地祇位左八籩、右八豆，登一在籩豆間，簠一、簋一在登前，爵坫一，在神座前。 又設第二等諸神位每位籩二、豆二、簠一、簋一、俎一、爵坫一。 內濆之內外諸神每位籩一、豆一、簠一、簋一、俎一、爵坫一。 陳列皆與上同。 又設神州地祇太尊二、著尊二，皆有坫。 第二等諸神每方山尊二，內濆內每方蜃尊二，內濆外每方概尊二，皆加勺、冪。 又設正、配位籩一、豆一、簠一、簋一、俎三、及毛血豆一、並神州地祇位俎一，各於饌冪內。 又設二洗於壇下卯陛之東，北向，盥洗在東，爵洗在西，並有罍加勺。 篚在洗西，南肆，實以巾。 爵洗之篚實以匏爵，加坫。 又設第一等分獻官盥洗爵洗位，第二等以下分獻官盥洗位，各于其方道之左，罍在洗左，篚在洗右，俱內向。 執罍篚者各於其後。
The vessel keeper and ritual attendants led their staffs to set baskets for jade and silks at the libation station, then the bian and dou placements. At the principal and consort seats, eleven bian on the left and eleven dou on the right, each in three rows. Three deng vessels stood between the bian and dou. Three xing vessels before the deng. One fu and one gui, each before the xing. They also placed wine vessels for Imperial Earth—two Grand Vessels, two Display Vessels, two Sacrificial Vessels, and two Mountain Jars—in the altar's southeast corner. For the consort, two Display Vessels, two Sacrificial Vessels, two Elephant Vessels, and two Mountain Jars stood east of the principal wine vessels—all facing north and ranked from the west, each on a stand with ladles and covers, as the libation station. For Imperial Earth's seat they also set two Elephant Vessels, two Pot Vessels, and four Mountain Jars west of the wu ascent on the altar, facing north and ranked from the west. For the consort, two Sacrificial Vessels, two Pot Vessels, and four Mountain Jars stood north of the you ascent, facing east and ranked from the north—all on stands with covers, set but not for libation. At Spirit State Earth's seat, eight bian left and eight dou right; one deng between them; one fu and one gui before the deng; one libation stand before the seat. Each second-tier spirit received two bian, two dou, one fu, one gui, one zuo, and one libation stand. Each spirit inside and outside the inner embankment received one bian, one dou, one fu, one gui, one zuo, and one libation stand. Offerings were arranged as above. They also set two Grand Vessels and two Display Vessels for Spirit State Earth, each on a stand. Second-tier spirits had two Mountain Vessels per direction; within the inner embankment, two Clam Vessels per direction; outside it, two Catalpa Vessels per direction—all with ladles and covers. Inside the food canopy they also placed for the principal and consort one bian, one dou, one fu, one gui, three zuo, and one hair-and-blood dou, and one zuo for Spirit State Earth. East of the mao ascent below the altar they set two washing stations, facing north—hand-washing east, cup-washing west—each with jar and ladle. Baskets stood west of the washing stations, displayed southward, filled with cloths. The cup-washing basket held gourd libation cups on stands. First-grade distributed offerers received hand- and cup-washing stations; second-grade and below, hand-washing only—each to the left of its directional path, jar on the left, basket on the right, all facing inward. Jar- and basket-bearers each stood behind their station.
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祭日醜前五刻，司天監、郊社令帥其屬，升設皇地祇及配位神座於壇上，設神州地祇座於第一等。 又設玉幣，皇地祇玉以黃琮，神州地祇玉以兩圭有邸，皆置於匣。 正、配位幣並以黃色，神州地祇幣以玄色，五神、五官、嶽鎮海瀆之幣各從其方色，皆陳於篚。 太祝取瘞玉加于幣，於禮神之玉各置於神座前。 光祿卿帥其屬，入實正、配位籩豆。 籩三行以右為上，豆三行以左為上，其實並如郊祀。 登實以大羹，鉶實以和羹。 又設從祭第一等神州地祇之饌。 籩三行以右為上，豆三行以左為上，其實並如郊祀。 登實以大羹，簠實以稷，簋實以黍。 第二等每位，左二籩，栗在前，鹿脯次之。 右二豆，菁菹在前，鹿臡次之。 簠實以稷，簋實以黍。 俎，一羊、一豕。 內濆內外每位，左籩一，鹿脯。 右豆一，鹿臡。 簠稷，簋黍，俎以羊。 良醖令帥其屬，入實酒尊。 皇地祇太尊為上，實以泛齊。 著尊次之，實以醴齊。 犧尊次之，實以盎齊。 象尊次之，實以醍齊。 壺尊次之，實以沈齊。 山罍為下，實以三酒。 配位，著尊為上，實以泛齊。 犧尊次之，實以醴齊。 象奠次之，實以盎齊。 壺尊次之，實以醍齊，山罍為下，實以三酒。 皆左實明水，右實玄酒，皆尚醖代。 次實從祭第一等神州地祇酒尊，太尊為上，實以泛齊。 著尊次之，實以醴齊。 第二等，山尊實以醍齊。 內濆內，蜃尊實以泛齊。 內濆外，概尊實以三酒。 以上尊皆左以明水，右以玄酒，皆尚醖代之。 太常卿設燭於神座前。
On the day of sacrifice, five quarters before the chou hour, the Directorate of Astronomy and the suburban altar director led their staffs up to set Imperial Earth and the consort on the altar and Spirit State Earth on the first tier. They also set jade and silks—yellow cong for Imperial Earth, paired gui with bases for Spirit State Earth—all in cases. Silks for the principal and consort were yellow; for Spirit State Earth, black; for the Five Spirits, Five Officials, marchmounts, garrisons, seas, and streams, each its directional color—all laid in baskets. The grand invoker took burial jade and set it with the silks; the jade for honoring each spirit was placed before its seat. The Director of Imperial Victuals and his staff filled the bian and dou at the principal and consort seats. Three rows of bian ranked from the right, three of dou from the left—their contents as at suburban sacrifice. The deng held great broth; the xing, seasoned broth. They also set the first-grade attendant offerings for Spirit State Earth. Three rows of bian ranked from the right, three of dou from the left—their contents as at suburban sacrifice. The deng held great broth; the fu, millet; the gui, panicled millet. Each second-tier seat had two bian on the left—chestnuts first, then dried venison. Two dou on the right—pickled greens first, then minced venison. The fu held millet; the gui, panicled millet. On the zuo, one sheep and one pig. Each seat inside and outside the inner embankment had one bian on the left with dried venison. One dou on the right with minced venison. Fu with millet, gui with panicled millet, zuo with sheep. The Chief Brewer and his staff filled the wine vessels. For Imperial Earth, the Grand Vessel ranked highest, filled with fan qi wine. The Display Vessel came next, filled with li qi wine. The Sacrificial Vessel came next, filled with ang qi wine. The Elephant Vessel came next, filled with ti qi wine. The Pot Vessel came next, filled with chen qi wine. The Mountain Jar ranked lowest, filled with the three wines. For the consort, the Display Vessel ranked highest, filled with fan qi wine. The Sacrificial Vessel came next, filled with li qi wine. The Elephant Vessel came next, filled with ang qi wine. The Pot Vessel came next with ti qi wine; the Mountain Jar ranked lowest with the three wines. Each had clear water left and dark wine right, honoring the brewer's stock. Next they filled the wine vessels for Spirit State Earth's first-grade attendant sacrifice—the Grand Vessel highest with fan qi wine. The Display Vessel came next with li qi wine. Second-tier Mountain Vessels held ti qi wine. Within the inner embankment, Clam Vessels held fan qi wine. Outside the inner embankment, Catalpa Vessels held the three wines. All vessels above had clear water left and dark wine right, honoring the brewer's stock. The Director of Grand Harmony set candles before each spirit seat.
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省牲器：祭前一日午後八刻，去壇二百步禁止行者。 未後二刻，郊社令帥其屬，掃除壇之上下。 司尊與奉禮郎，帥執事者以祭器入，設於位。 郊社令陳玉幣於篚。 未後三刻，廩犧令與諸太祝、祝史，以牲就省位。 禮直官、贊者分引太常卿，光祿卿、丞、監禮、祭，太官令等詣內壝東門外省牲位。 其視滌濯、告潔、省牲饌，並同郊祀。 俱畢，廩犧令、諸太祝、祝史以次牽牲詣廚，授太官令。 次引光祿卿以下詣廚，省鼎鑊，視滌溉，乃還齋所。 晡後一刻，太官令帥宰人以鸞刀割牲，祝史各取毛血，實以豆，置於饌幔。 遂烹牲，又祝史取瘞血貯於盤。
Inspecting victims and vessels: on the eve of sacrifice, at the eighth quarter after noon, no one might pass within two hundred paces of the altar. At the second wei quarter the suburban altar director and his staff swept the altar clean. The vessel keeper and ritual attendants led the executives to bring in the ritual gear and set it in place. The suburban altar director laid out jade and silks in baskets. At the third wei quarter the granary officer, grand invokers, and scribes brought the victims to the inspection station. Ritual attendants and presenters then led the Director of Grand Harmony, the Director of Imperial Victuals and his aide, the supervising ritual academician and censor, the kitchen director, and others to the outer victim pen east of the inner gate. Inspecting the washing, announcing purity, and inspecting victims and offerings—all followed suburban sacrifice. When finished, the granary officer, grand invokers, and scribes led the victims in turn to the kitchen and handed them to the kitchen director. Next they led the Director of Imperial Victuals and his staff to the kitchen to inspect the cauldrons and washing, then back to the abstinence quarters. One quarter after shen, the kitchen director's butchers cut the victims with the phoenix knife; each scribe took hair and blood, filled dou vessels, and set them in the food canopy. They then cooked the victims; scribes also collected burial blood in trays.
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奠玉幣：祭日醜前五刻，獻官以下行事官，各服其服。 有司設神位版，陳玉幣，實籩豆簠簋奠罍，俟監祭、監禮按視壇之上下，乃徹去蓋冪。 大樂令帥工人，及奉禮郎、贊者先入。 禮直官、贊者分引分獻官以下，監祭、監禮、諸大祝、祝史、齋郎與執事者，入自南濆東門，當壇南，重行，北向，西上，立定。 奉禮郎贊：「拜。」 獻官以下皆再拜，訖，以次分引各就壇陛上下位。 次引監祭、監禮按視壇之上下，訖，退復位。 禮直官分引三獻官以下行事官俱入就位。 行禮官皆自南濆東門入。 禮直官進立初獻之左，白曰：「有司謹具，請行事。」 退復位。 協律郎高舉笏，執麾者舉麾，俯伏，興。 工鼓柷，樂作《坤甯之曲》，八成，偃麾，戛敔，樂止。 俟太常卿瘞血，訖，奉禮郎贊：「拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 又贊：「諸執事者各就位。」 禮直官引諸執事各就其位俟。 太祝跪取玉幣於篚，立於尊所。 諸位太祝亦各取玉幣立於奠所。
Presenting jade and silks: On the day of sacrifice, five quarters before the chou hour, every offerer and ritual officer wore full dress. Officers set the tablets, displayed jade and silks, filled the vessels, and waited for the supervising censor and ritual academician to inspect the altar—then removed the covers. The Grand Music director, craftsmen, attendants, and presenters entered first. Attendants and presenters led distributed offerers and all below, the supervising censor and academician, invokers, scribes, abstinence officers, and executives in through the south embankment's east gate, south of the altar, double-ranked and facing north from the west, and stood fast. The attendant called: "Bow." Every offerer bowed twice; then each was led to his place on or below the altar steps. Next the supervising censor and ritual academician inspected the altar; when done, they withdrew to their stations. Attendants led the three offerers and all ritual officers in to take their places. All ritual officers entered through the south embankment's east gate. The attendant stepped to the initial offerer's left and said: "All is prepared; please proceed with the rite." He withdrew to his station. The pitch officer raised his tablet; the banner-bearer raised the banner; all prostrated and rose. Craftsmen struck the block; the "Kunning" piece played through eight sections; the banner fell, the clapper sounded, and the music ceased. When the Director of Grand Harmony had buried the blood, the attendant called: "Bow." All in station bowed twice. He called again: "All executives, to your stations." Attendants led each executive to his station to wait. The grand invoker knelt, took jade and silks from the basket, and stood at the wine station. Grand invokers at each seat likewise took jade and silks and stood at their offering stations.
10
禮直官引初獻詣盥洗位，樂作《肅甯之曲》。 至位，北向立，樂止。 搢笏，盥手，帨手，執笏，詣壇，樂作《肅甯之曲》。 凡初獻升降，皆作《肅甯之曲》。 升自卯階，至壇，樂止。 詣皇地祇神座前，北向立，樂作《靜甯之曲》。 搢笏，跪。 太祝加玉於幣，西向跪以授初獻。 初獻受玉幣奠訖，執笏，俯伏，興，再拜，訖，樂止。 次詣配位神座前，東向立，樂作《億甯之曲》，奠幣如上儀，樂止。 降自卯陛，樂作，復位，樂止。 初獻將奠配位之幣，贊者引第一等分獻官詣盥洗位，搢笏，盥手，帨手，執笏，由卯陛詣神州地祇神座前，搢笏，跪。 太祝以玉幣授分獻官，分獻官受玉幣，奠訖，執笏，俯伏，興，再拜，訖，退。 初，第一分獻官將升，贊者引第二分獻官詣盥洗位，盥手、帨手，執笏，各由其陛升，唯不由午陛，詣於首位神座前，奠幣如上儀。 余以次祝史、齋郎助奠訖，各引還位。 初獻奠幣將畢，祝史奉毛血豆，各由午陛升，諸太祝迎於壇上，進奠於正、配位神座前，太祝與祝史俱退，立於尊所。
The attendant led the initial offerer to the hand-washing station as the "Suning" piece began. At his station he stood facing north; the music stopped. He tucked his tablet, washed and dried his hands, took up his tablet, and went to the altar as the "Suning" piece played. Whenever the initial offerer went up or down, the "Suning" piece played. He climbed the mao steps to the altar; the music stopped. He came before Imperial Earth's seat and stood facing north as the "Jingning" piece began. He tucked his tablet and knelt. The grand invoker set jade with the silks and, kneeling west, handed them to the initial offerer. The initial offerer received and presented the jade and silks, then took up his tablet, prostrated, rose, bowed twice, and finished; the music ceased. Next he came before the consort's seat, facing east, as the "Yining" piece played; he presented silks by the same rite; the music ceased. He descended the mao ascent to music, returned to his station, and the music ceased. As the initial offerer was about to present at the consort seat, the presenter led the first-grade distributed offerer to wash, then up the mao steps to Spirit State Earth's seat, where he knelt. The grand invoker handed him jade and silks; he presented them, prostrated, rose, bowed twice, and withdrew. As the first distributed offerer was about to ascend, the presenter led the second to wash; each climbed by his own steps—not the wu steps—to the foremost seat and presented silks by the same rite. Remaining scribes and abstinence officers assisted in turn, then each was led back to station. As the initial offerer neared the end of presenting silks, scribes bore the hair-and-blood dou up the wu steps; grand invokers met them on the altar and presented before the principal and consort; then all withdrew to the wine station.
11
進熟：初獻既升奠玉幣。 有司先陳牛鼎二、羊鼎二、豕鼎二於神廚，各在鑊右。 太官帥進饌者詣廚，以匕升牛、羊、豕，自鑊實於各鼎。 牛、羊、豕各肩、臂、臑、肫、胳、正脊一、橫脊一、長脅一、短脅一、代脅一，皆二骨以並，冪之。 祝史以扃各對舉鼎，有司執匕以從，陳於饌幔內。 從祀之俎實以羊，更陳於饌幔內。 光祿卿實以籩豆簠簋。 籩實以粉餈，豆實以糝食，簠實以稷，簋實以黍。 實訖，去鼎之扃冪，匕加於鼎。 太官令以匕升牛羊豕，載於俎，肩臂臑在上端，肫胳在下端，脊脅在中。 俟初獻還位，樂止。 禮直官引司徒出詣饌所，同薦籩豆簠簋俎。 齋郎各奉皇地祇配位之饌，升自卯陛，諸太祝各迎於壇上。 司徒詣皇地祇神座前，搢笏，奉籩豆簠簋，次奉俎，北向跪奠，訖，執笏，俯伏，興，設籩於糗餌之前，豆於醓醢之前，簠簋在登前，俎在籩前。 次於卯陛奉配位之饌，東向跪奠於神座前，並如上儀。 各降自卯陛，還位。 太官令又同齋郎奉神州地祇之饌，升自卯陛，太祝迎於壇陛之道間，奠於神座前，在籩前，訖，樂止。 太官令進饌者降自卯陛，還位。
Presenting the cooked offerings: once the initial offerer had presented jade and silks. Officers first set out two ox, two sheep, and two pig tripods in the spirit kitchen, each beside its cauldron. The kitchen director led the food-bearers to the kitchen and ladled ox, sheep, and pig from the cauldrons into the tripods. Ox, sheep, and pig each yielded shoulder, arm, shank, rump, rib, straight spine, cross spine, long and short flanks, and substitute flank—each cut paired on two bones and covered. Scribes with poles lifted the tripods in pairs; officers with ladles followed and set them inside the food canopy. Attendant zuo filled with sheep were laid out again inside the food canopy. The Director of Imperial Victuals filled the bian, dou, fu, and gui. Bian held powdered cakes; dou, seasoned grain; fu, millet; gui, panicled millet. When filling was done, the bars and covers came off and ladles were set on the tripods. The kitchen director ladled ox, sheep, and pig onto zuo—shoulder, arm, and shank above, rump and rib below, spine and flank in the middle. They waited until the initial offerer returned to station; the music ceased. The attendant led the Minister of Education to the food station to present the bian, dou, fu, gui, and zuo together. Abstinence officers bore the offerings for Imperial Earth and the consort up the mao steps; grand invokers met them on the altar. The Minister of Education came before Imperial Earth's seat, presented bian, dou, fu, and gui, then the zuo, kneeling north; he prostrated and rose, placing bian before the grain cakes, dou before the pickles, fu and gui before the deng, zuo before the bian. Next he bore the consort's food from the mao ascent, knelt facing east, and presented before the seat by the same rite. Each descended the mao ascent and returned to station. The kitchen director and abstinence officers bore Spirit State Earth's food up the mao steps; the grand invoker met them on the path and presented before the seat, before the bian; the music ceased. The kitchen director and food-bearers descended the mao ascent and returned to station.
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禮直官引初獻官詣盥洗位，樂作。 至位，樂止。 北向立，搢笏，盥手、帨手，執笏，詣爵洗位。 至位，北向立，搢笏，洗爵，拭爵以授執事者。 執笏，詣壇，樂作。 升自卯陛，至壇上，樂止。 詣皇地祇酌尊所，西向立。 執事者以爵授初獻。 初獻搢笏，執爵。 司尊舉冪，良醖令跪酌太尊之泛齊，酌訖，初獻以爵授執事者，執笏，詣皇地祇神座前，北向立，搢笏，跪。 執事者以爵授初獻，初獻執爵，三祭酒于茅苴，奠爵，三獻奠爵，皆執事者受以興。 執笏，俯伏，興，少退，跪，樂止。 舉祝官跪，對舉祝版。 讀祝，太祝東向跪，讀祝訖，俯伏，興。 舉祝奠版於案，再拜，興。 次詣配位酌尊所，執事者以爵授初獻，初獻搢笏，執爵。 司尊舉冪，良醖令跪酌著尊之泛齊，樂作太簇宮《保甯之曲》。 初獻以爵授執事者，執笏，詣配位神座前，東向立，搢笏，跪。 執事者以爵授初獻，初獻執爵，三奠酒于茅苴。 奠爵，執笏，俯伏，興。 少退，跪，樂止。 讀祝，訖，樂作，就拜，興，拜，興。 降自卯陛，讀祝、舉祝官俱從，樂作，復位，樂止。 次引亞獻詣盥洗位，北向立，搢笏，盥手，帨手。 執笏，詣爵洗位，北向立，搢笏，洗爵，拭爵授執事者。 執笏，升自卯陛，詣皇地祇酌尊所，西向立。 執事者以爵授亞獻。 亞獻搢笏執爵，司尊舉冪，良醖令酌著尊之醴齊，酌訖，以爵授執事者，執笏，詣皇地祇神座前，北向立，搢笏、跪。 執事以爵授亞獻，亞獻執爵，三祭酒于茅苴，奠爵，執笏，俯伏，興，少退，再拜。 次詣配位酌獻如上儀，唯酌犧尊為異。 樂止，降復位。 次引終獻詣盥洗位，盥手，帨手，洗爵，拭爵，以爵授執事者，升壇。 正位，酌犧尊之盎齊，配位，酌象尊之醴齊，奠獻並如亞獻之儀。 禮畢，降復位。
The attendant led the initial offerer to the hand-washing station as music began. At his station the music ceased. Facing north, he washed and dried his hands, then went to the cup-washing station. At the station he washed and dried the cup and handed it to an attendant. Tablet in hand, he went to the altar as music began. He climbed the mao steps to the altar; the music ceased. He came to Imperial Earth's libation station and stood facing west. An attendant handed the cup to the initial offerer. The initial offerer tucked his tablet and took the cup. The vessel keeper raised the cover; the brewer knelt and poured fan qi from the Grand Vessel; the initial offerer handed back the cup, went before Imperial Earth's seat, and knelt facing north. An attendant handed him the cup; he poured libation three times on the thatch and placed the cup; the three offerers each placed their cups—attendants received them and rose. He took up his tablet, prostrated, rose, withdrew slightly, and knelt; the music ceased. The invocation officer knelt and raised the invocation tablet before him. The grand invoker knelt facing east, read the invocation, prostrated, and rose. The invocation officer set the tablet on the table, bowed twice, and rose. Next he came to the consort's libation station; an attendant handed him the cup. The vessel keeper raised the cover; the brewer knelt and poured fan qi from the Display Vessel as the "Baoning" piece played in Taicu mode. He handed back the cup, went before the consort's seat, and knelt facing east. An attendant handed him the cup; he poured wine three times on the thatch. He placed the cup, prostrated, and rose. He withdrew slightly and knelt; the music ceased. The invocation was read; music began; he bowed from where he knelt, rose, bowed again, and rose. He descended the mao ascent, followed by the invocation reader and bearer; music played as he returned to station, then ceased. Next they led the secondary offerer to wash his hands, facing north. He went to the cup-washing station, washed and dried the cup, and handed it to an attendant. Tablet in hand, he climbed the mao steps to Imperial Earth's libation station and stood facing west. An attendant handed the cup to the secondary offerer. The secondary offerer took the cup; the brewer poured li qi from the Display Vessel; he handed back the cup, went before Imperial Earth's seat, and knelt facing north. An attendant handed him the cup; he poured libation three times on the thatch, placed the cup, prostrated, withdrew slightly, and bowed twice. Next he presented at the consort seat by the same rite—only the Sacrificial Vessel was used for pouring. The music ceased; he descended and returned to station. Next they led the final offerer to wash his hands and cup, then ascend the altar. At the principal seat he poured ang qi from the Sacrificial Vessel; at the consort, li qi from the Elephant Vessel—presenting by the secondary offerer's rite. When the rite was done he descended and returned to station.
13
初，終獻將升，贊者引第一等分獻官詣盥洗位，搢笏，盥手，帨手，洗爵，拭爵，以爵授執事者。 執笏，詣神州地祇酌尊所，搢笏，執事者以爵授獻官。 獻官執爵，執事者酌太尊之泛齊，酌訖，以爵授執事者。 進詣神座前，搢笏，跪，執事者以爵授獻官，獻官執爵，三祭酒于茅苴，奠爵，俯伏，興，少退，跪，再拜，訖，還位。 初，第一等分獻官將升，贊者分引第二等分獻官詣盥洗位，搢笏，盥手，帨手，執笏詣酌尊所，執事以爵授分獻官，分獻酌以授執事者，進詣首位神座前，奠獻並如上儀。 祝史、齋郎以次助奠，訖，各引還位。 諸獻俱畢，諸太祝進徹籩豆，籩豆各一，少移故處。 樂作《豐甯之曲》，卒徹、樂止。 奉禮官贊曰：「賜胙。」 眾官再拜，樂作，一成，止。 初，送神樂止，引初獻官詣望瘞位，樂作太簇宮《肅甯之曲》，至位，南向立，樂止。 初，在位官將拜，諸太祝、祝史各奉篚進詣神座前，玉幣，從祭神州地祇以下，並以俎載牲體，並取黍稷飯爵酒，各由其陛降壇，北詣瘞坎，實於坎中，又以從祭之位禮幣皆從瘞，禮直官曰：「可瘞。」 東西六行，置土半坎，禮直官贊：「禮畢。」 引初獻出，禮官贊者各引祭官及監祭、監禮、太祝以下，俱複壇南，北向立定，奉禮郎贊曰：「再拜。」 監祭以下皆再拜，訖，奉禮以下及工人以次出。 光祿卿以胙奉進，監祭、監禮展視。 其祝版燔於齋坊。
As the final offerer was about to ascend, the presenter led the first-grade distributed offerer to wash his hands and cup. Tablet in hand, he came to Spirit State Earth's libation station; an attendant handed him the cup. He held the cup while an attendant poured fan qi from the Grand Vessel, then handed the cup back. He came before the seat, knelt, poured libation three times on the thatch, placed the cup, prostrated, bowed twice, and returned to station. As the first-grade distributed offerer was about to ascend, presenters led second-grade offerers to wash, pour, and present at the foremost seat by the same rite. Scribes and abstinence officers assisted in turn, then each was led back to station. When all presentations were done, grand invokers removed one bian and one dou each, shifting them slightly from their places. The "Fengning" piece played; when removal was complete the music ceased. The attendant called: "Grant the sacrificial flesh." All officials bowed twice; music played one section and ceased. When the send-off music ceased, they led the initial offerer to gaze at the burial offering as the "Suning" piece played in Taicu mode; he stood facing south; the music ceased. As officials were about to bow, invokers bore baskets forward—jade and silks, and from Spirit State Earth down, victim flesh on zuo, with millet, rice, cups, and wine; each descended north to the burial pit and placed them inside, attendant silks included; the attendant said, "You may bury." Six rows east and west half-filled the pit with earth; the attendant called: "The rite is finished." They led the initial offerer out; officers led sacrifice officials, the supervising censor and academician, and invokers back south of the altar, facing north; the attendant called: "Bow twice." The supervising censor and all below bowed twice; then attendants, officers, and craftsmen withdrew in turn. The Director of Imperial Victuals presented the sacrificial flesh; the supervising censor and ritual academician inspected it. The invocation tablets were burned in the abstinence quarters.
14
朝日夕月儀
Ceremonial Protocol for Dawn and Lunar Rites
15
齋戒、陳設、省牲器、奠玉幣、進熟，其節並如大祀之儀。 朝日玉用青壁，夕月用白壁，幣皆如玉之色。 牲各用羊一、豕一。 有司攝三獻司徒行事。 其親行朝日，金初用本國禮，天會四年正月，始朝日於乾元殿，而後受賀。 天眷二年，定朔望朝日儀。 皇帝服靴袍，百官常服。 有司設爐案、禦褥位於所禦殿前陛上，設百官褥位於殿門外，皆向日。 宣徽使奏導皇帝至位，南向，再拜，上香，又再拜。 閣門皆相應贊，殿門外臣僚陪拜如常儀。 大定二年，以無典故罷。 十五年，言事者謂今正旦並萬春節，宜令有司定拜日之禮。 有司援據漢、唐春分朝日，升煙奠玉如圜丘之儀。 又按唐《開元禮》，南向設大明神位，天子北向，皆無南向拜日之制。 今已奉敕以月朔拜日，宜遵古制，殿前東向拜。 詔姑從南向。 其日，先引臣僚于殿門外立，陪位立殿前班露臺左右，皇帝于露臺香案拜如上儀。 十八年，上拜日于仁政殿，始行東向之禮。 皇帝出殿，東向設位，宣徽贊：「拜。」 皇帝再拜，上香，訖，又再拜。 臣僚並陪拜，依班次起居，如常儀。
Purification, arrangements, victim inspection, jade and silks, and cooked offerings all followed the great-sacrifice protocol. Dawn rites used green bi jade; lunar rites, white bi; silks matched the jade. Each rite used one sheep and one pig. Officers had the Minister of Education perform the three offerings by proxy. When the emperor greeted the sun in person, early Jin used native rites; in the first month of Tianhui 4 they first did so at Qianyuan Hall, then received congratulations. In Tianjuan 2 the new- and full-moon sun-greeting protocol was established. The emperor wore boots and robe; officials wore regular dress. Officers set incense tables and the emperor's cushion on the hall steps and officials' cushions outside the gate—all facing the sun. The Palace Attendant led the emperor to his place; facing south, he bowed twice, offered incense, and bowed again. Gate officers called in response; officials outside the hall accompanied the bows as usual. In Dading 2 it was discontinued for lack of precedent. In year 15 memorialists urged that with New Year's and the Myriad Spring Festival together, officers should fix the sun-bowing protocol. Officers cited Han and Tang spring-equinox sun rites—raising smoke and presenting jade as at the round mound. They also noted the Tang Kaiyuan Rites: the Bright God faced south, the Son of Heaven north—nowhere did one bow south to the sun. An edict had ordered sun-bowing at each month's start; they should follow ancient usage and bow east before the hall. The edict for the time being kept the south-facing bow. That day officials stood outside the gate; companions flanked the open terrace before the hall; the emperor bowed at the terrace incense table as above. In year 18 the emperor bowed to the sun at Renzheng Hall and first used the east-facing rite. The emperor left the hall to an east-facing station; the Palace Attendant called: "Bow." The emperor bowed twice, offered incense, then bowed again. Officials accompanied the bows and rose and sat by rank, as usual.
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明昌六年，章宗未有子，尚書省臣奏行高禖之祀，乃築壇于景風門外東南端，當闕之卯辰地，與圜丘東西相望，壇如北郊之制。 歲以春分日祀青帝、伏羲氏、女媧氏，凡三位，壇上南向，西上。 姜嫄、簡狄位於壇之第二層，東向，北上。 前一日未三刻，布神位，省牲器，陳禦弓矢弓䪅於上下神位之右。 其齋戒、奠玉幣、進熟，皆如大祀儀。 青帝幣玉皆用青，餘皆無玉。 每位牲用羊一、豕一。 有司攝三獻司徒行事。 禮畢，進胙，倍於他祀之肉。 進胙官佩弓矢䪅以進，上命後妃嬪禦皆執弓矢東向而射，乃命以次飲福享胙。
In Mingchang 6, Zhangzong had no heir; the Secretariat urged the Gaomei sacrifice; an altar was built southeast outside Jingfeng Gate, opposite the palace at mao-chen, facing the round mound—the northern suburban model. Each spring equinox they sacrificed to the Green Emperor, Fuxi, and Nüwa—three south-facing seats on the altar, ranked from the west. Jiang Yuan and Jiandi stood on the second tier, facing east and ranked from the north. The day before, three quarters before wei, they set the seats, inspected victims and vessels, and placed imperial bows, arrows, and quivers to the right of each seat. Purification, jade and silks, and cooked offerings all followed the great-sacrifice protocol. The Green Emperor's silks and jade were green; the others had no jade. Each seat received one sheep and one pig. Officers had the Minister of Education perform the three offerings by proxy. When the rite was done they presented sacrificial flesh—twice the amount of other sacrifices. The flesh-bearer advanced wearing bow, arrows, and quiver; the emperor ordered consorts and palace women to take bows, face east, and shoot; then they drank the blessing and shared the sacrificial flesh in turn.