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列傳第六十二忠義四○馬慶祥商衡朮甲脫魯灰楊達夫馮延登烏古孫仲端烏古孫奴申蒲察琦蔡八兒溫敦昌孫完顏絳山畢資倫郭蝦蟆
Biography 62: Loyalty and Righteousness, Part 4 — Ma Qingxiang; Shang Heng; Shijia Tuoluohui; Yang Dafu; Feng Yandeng; Wugusun Zhongduan; Wugusun Nushen; Pucha Qi; Cai Baer; Wendun Changsun; Wanyan Jiangshan; Bi Zilun; Guo Xiama
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馬慶祥
Ma Qingxiang
3
馬慶祥，字瑞甯，本名習禮吉思。 先世自西城入居臨洮狄道，以馬為氏，後徙家淨州天山。 泰和中，試補尚書省譯史。 大安初，衛王始通問大元，選使副，上曰：「習禮吉思智辯通六國語，往必無辱也。」 使還，授開封府判官。 內城之役充應辦使，不擾而事集。 未幾，大元兵出陝右，朝廷命完顏仲元為鳳翔元帥，舉慶祥為副，上曰：「此朕志也，且築城有勞。」 即拜鳳翔府路兵馬都總管判官。
Ma Qingxiang, whose courtesy name was Ruining and whose original name was Xilijisi, His forebears had come from the Western Regions and settled in Didao, Lintao, adopting the surname Ma; the family later relocated to Tianshan in Jing Prefecture. During the Taihe era he qualified and was appointed a translator-scribe in the Ministry of Revenue. Early in the Da'an era, when the Prince of Wei first sent envoys to the Great Yuan, the court had to choose a deputy envoy. The emperor said, "Xilijisi is clever, eloquent, and fluent in the languages of six states—he will certainly acquit himself without shame." After the embassy returned, he was appointed administrative aide of Kaifeng Prefecture. During the campaign to secure the inner city he served as provisioning commissioner, completing the work without troubling the populace. Soon afterward Yuan forces appeared from western Shaanxi. The court appointed Wanyan Zhongyuan military commander of Fengxiang and nominated Qingxiang as his deputy. The emperor said, "This is what I intend, and he has already earned merit in building the city's defenses." Qingxiang was immediately confirmed as administrative aide to the overall commander of military forces for Fengxiang Circuit.
4
元光元年冬十一月，聞大將萌古不花將攻鳳翔，行省檄慶祥與治中胥謙分道清野。 將行，命畫工肖其貌，付其家人。 或曰：「君方壯，何乃為此不祥？」 慶祥曰：「非汝所知也。」 明日遂行。 遇先鋒于澮水，戰不利。 且行且戰，將及城，會大兵邀其歸路，度不能脫，令其騎曰：「吾屬荷國厚恩，竭力效死，乃其職也。」 諸騎皆曰：「諾。」 人殊死戰，良久矢盡。 大兵圍數匝，欲降之，軍擁以行，語言往復，竟不屈而死，年四十有六。 元帥郭仲元輿其屍以歸，葬鳳翔普門寺之東。 事聞，詔贈輔國上將軍、恆州刺史，諡忠湣。
In the eleventh month of winter, Yuanguang 1, word came that the grand general Mengubuhua would attack Fengxiang. The Branch Secretariat ordered Qingxiang and Xu Qian, the circuit administrative aide, to clear the countryside along separate routes. Before setting out, he had a painter take his likeness and gave the portrait to his family. Someone said, "You are still in your prime—why do something so ominous?" Qingxiang replied, "That is not something you would understand." The next day he departed. Near the Hui River he met the enemy vanguard and fared poorly in the fight. Fighting as he withdrew, he was nearing the city when the main enemy army cut off his line of retreat. Realizing he could not break free, he told his horsemen, "We owe the state a deep debt of gratitude—to give our utmost even unto death is our duty." Every rider answered, "Yes." They fought with desperate fury until at last their arrows ran out. The main army closed round them in ring after ring and tried to accept their surrender. Soldiers seized Qingxiang and hustled him along; argument followed argument, but he would not yield and died—aged forty-six. Commander Guo Zhongyuan bore his body back for burial east of Pumen Temple in Fengxiang. When word reached the court, an edict posthumously enfeoffed him as Assistant General for Assisting the State and Prefect of Hengzhou, with the posthumous name Zhongmin ("Loyal and Grieving").
5
胥謙及其子嗣亨亦不屈死，謙贈輔國上將軍、彰化軍節度使，嗣亨贈威遠將軍、鳳翔府判官。
Xu Qian and his son Sihou likewise refused to submit and died. Qian was posthumously made Assistant General for Assisting the State and commissioner of the Zhanghua army; Sihou was posthumously made General for Distant Prestige and administrative aide of Fengxiang Prefecture.
6
楨州金勝堡提控僕散胡沙亦死，贈銀青榮祿大夫。
Husca of the Pusan clan, troop commander at Jinsheng Fort in Zhen Prefecture, also died and was posthumously granted the rank of Grand Master of the Silver-Green Girdle of Glory and Honor.
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正大二年，哀宗詔褒死節士，若馬習禮吉思、王清、田榮、李貴、王斌、馮萬奴、張德威、高行中、程濟、姬芃、張山等十有三人，為立褒忠廟，仍錄其孤。 二人者逸其名，餘亦無所考。
In Zhengda 2, Emperor Aizong issued an edict to honor men who had died steadfast in loyalty—including Ma Xilijisi, Wang Qing, Tian Rong, Li Gui, Wang Bin, Feng Wannu, Zhang Dewei, Gao Xingzhong, Cheng Ji, Ji Peng, Zhang Shan, and thirteen others in all—by founding a Temple to Honor Loyalty and enrolling their surviving dependents. Two of the men are known only without surviving names; the rest cannot be identified with certainty either.
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哀宗姨郕國夫人不時出入宮闈，干預政事，聲跡甚惡。 衡上章極言，自是郕國被召乃敢進見。 內族慶山奴將兵守盱眙，與李全戰敗，朝廷置而不問。 衡上言：「自古敗軍之將必正典刑，不爾則無以謝天下。」 詔降慶山奴為定國軍節度使。 戶部侍郎權尚書曹溫之女在掖庭，親舊干預權利，其家人填委諸司，貪墨彰露。 台臣無敢言者，衡歷數其罪。 詔罷溫戶部，改太后府衛尉。 再上章言：「溫果可罪，當貶逐，無罪則臣為妄言，豈有是非不別而兩可之理。」 哀宗為之動容，乃出溫為汝州防禦使。
Emperor Aizong's aunt, the Lady of Guo State, came and went through the inner palace at will, meddled in government affairs, and enjoyed a thoroughly unsavory reputation. Shang Heng memorialized the throne in the strongest terms, and thereafter the Lady of Guo ventured to appear before the emperor only when formally summoned. The imperial clansman Qingshanu commanded the garrison at Xuyi and was defeated by Li Quan, yet the court took no action. Heng memorialized: "Throughout history, generals who lost their armies were punished according to law; otherwise the court could not answer to the realm." An edict demoted Qingshanu to military commissioner of the Dingguo army. The daughter of Cao Wen, Vice Minister of Revenue and acting chief minister, held a post in the inner palace. Her kin and associates interfered in office and profit, and her household agents clogged the bureaucracies while corruption was brazenly exposed. No censor dared speak up; Heng itemized her offenses in full. An edict removed Wen from the Ministry of Revenue and appointed him grand guard of the empress dowager's establishment. He memorialized again: "If Wen is guilty, he should be demoted and banished; if not, then I have spoken falsely. There can be no principle that refuses to distinguish right from wrong yet satisfies both sides." Moved, Emperor Aizong transferred Wen to serve as defense commissioner of Ruzhou.
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正大初，河間許古詣闕拜章，言：「八座率非其材，省寺小臣有可任宰相者，不大升黜之則無以致中興。」 章奏，詔古赴都堂，問孰為可相者，古以衡對，則衡之材可知矣。
Early in the Zhengda era, Xu Gu of Hejian presented himself at court and submitted a memorial: "The eight chief ministers are for the most part unfit. Among the junior officials of the ministries and directorates there are men fit to serve as chief minister—but without major promotions and demotions there will be no path to restoration." When the memorial was received, the emperor ordered Gu to the chief council hall and asked whom he would recommend as chief minister. Gu named Heng—and from that one may gauge how capable Heng was thought to be.
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朮甲脫魯灰
Shijia Tuoluohui
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朮甲脫魯灰，上京人，世為北京路部長。 其先有開國功，授北京路宋阿答阿猛安，脫魯灰自幼襲爵。 貞祐二年，宣宗遷汴，率本部兵赴中都扈從，上喜，特授御前馬步軍都總領。 宋人略南鄙，命同簽樞密院事時全將大軍南伐，脫魯灰率本部屢摧宋兵破城寨，以功遙授昌武軍節度使、元帥右都監、行蔡、息等路元帥府事。 既而，宋人有因畜牧越境者，邏卒擒之，法當械送朝廷，脫魯灰曰：「國家自遷都以來，境土日蹙，民力凋耗，幸邊無事，人稍得息。 若戮此曹，則邊釁複生，兵連禍結矣。 不如釋之，以絕兵端。」
Shijia Tuoluohui was a native of Shangjing whose family had for generations served as hereditary tribal chiefs in Beijing Circuit. An ancestor had rendered founding service and been granted the meng'an post of Song'ada'a in Beijing Circuit; Tuoluohui inherited the title from childhood. In Zhenyou 2, when Emperor Xuanzong moved the capital to Bian, Tuoluohui led his tribal forces to Zhongdu to escort the emperor. Delighted, the emperor specially appointed him overall commander of the imperial horse and foot armies. When Song forces raided the southern frontier, the court ordered Shi Quan, associate commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, to lead a major campaign south. Tuoluohui led his tribal forces in repeated victories over Song armies, capturing forts and stockades. For these services he was remotely appointed military commissioner of the Changwu army, right overseer under the commander-in-chief, and acting head of the military headquarters for Cai, Xi, and neighboring circuits. Later, when Song herdsmen crossed the border while grazing livestock, border patrols seized them. By law they should have been sent in shackles to the capital. Tuoluohui said, "Since the court moved the capital, our territory has steadily shrunk and the people have been exhausted. We are fortunate that the frontier has been quiet and the populace has barely had a chance to breathe. If we execute these men, border incidents will flare up again and war will bring unending disaster. Better to release them and remove the cause of war."
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正大二年秋，傳言宋人將入侵，農司令民先期刈禾，脫魯灰曰：「夫民所恃以仰事俯育及供億國家者，秋成而已。 今使秋無所獲，國何以仰，民何以給？」 遂遣軍巡邏，聽民待熟而刈，宋人卒不入寇。 諜者又報光州汪太尉將以八月發兵來取真陽，議者請籍丁男以備，脫魯灰曰：「汪太尉恇怯人耳，寧敢為此？ 必奸人聲言來寇，欲使吾民廢務也，不可信。」 已而果然。
In the autumn of Zhengda 2, rumor spread that the Song would invade. The Agriculture Office ordered the people to reap their grain early. Tuoluohui said, "The people depend on the autumn harvest alone to support their elders, raise their children, and supply the state. If we leave them nothing from the autumn, how will the state be fed, and how will the people survive?" He then sent troops to patrol the frontier and allowed the people to wait until the grain was ripe before reaping. In the end the Song did not invade. Spies again reported that the Grand Marshal Wang of Guang Prefecture would raise troops in the eighth month to seize Zhenyang. Councillors proposed registering able-bodied men for defense. Tuoluohui said, "Grand Marshal Wang is a timid man—how would he dare attempt such a thing? This must be troublemakers spreading rumors of invasion to make our people abandon their work. It is not to be believed." In time events proved him right.
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叛人焦風子者，沿河南北屢為反復，朝廷授以提控之職，令將三千人戍遂平。 四年春，風子謀率其眾入宋，脫魯灰策之，以兵數千伏鄱陽道，賊果夜出此途，伏發殪之。
The turncoat Jiao Fengzi had repeatedly switched allegiance along both banks of the Yellow River. The court appointed him troop commander and ordered him to lead three thousand men to garrison Suiping. In the spring of the fourth year, Fengzi plotted to lead his followers over to the Song. Tuoluohui anticipated the move and stationed several thousand troops in ambush on the Poyang road. The rebels did indeed march out by night along that route, and the ambush rose and annihilated them.
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七年，大元兵攻藍關，至八渡倉退。 舉朝皆賀，以為無事。 脫魯灰獨言曰：「潼關險隘，兵精足用。 然商、洛以南瀕於宋境，大山重複，宋人不知守，國家亦不能逾宋境屯戍。 大兵若由散關入興元，下金、房，繞出襄、漢，北入鄧鄙，則大事去矣。 宜與宋人釋怨，諭以輔車之勢，脣亡齒寒，彼必見從。 據其險要以備，不然必敗。」 是秋，必授小關子元帥，屯商州大吉口。
In the seventh year, Yuan forces attacked Languan and withdrew after reaching Badu Granary. The whole court congratulated itself, believing the danger had passed. Tuoluohui alone warned, "Tong Pass is perilous and narrow, and its garrison is strong enough for defense. Yet south of Shang and Luo the land borders Song territory, where great mountains rise in layers. The Song do not know to defend it, and we cannot post garrisons beyond the Song frontier either. If the main army enters Xingyuan through San Pass, descends on Jin and Fang, circles out through Xiang and Han, and drives north into Deng and its hinterland, then all will be lost. We should settle our grievances with the Song and explain that we are like the chariot and its side rails—when the lips perish the teeth grow cold—and they will surely agree. We must hold its strategic passes in defense—or we are certain to be defeated." That autumn, Bi Shou was appointed commander of Xiaoguanzi and encamped at Dajikou in Shang Prefecture.
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九年春，從行省參政徒單吾典將潼關兵入援，至商山遇雪，大兵邀擊之，士卒饑凍，不能戰而潰。 脫魯灰被執不屈，拔佩刀自殺。
In the spring of the ninth year he followed Tushan Wudian, administrator of the Branch Secretariat, leading Tong Pass troops to reinforce the capital. At Shangshan they were caught in snow; the main army intercepted them; the men, starving and freezing, could not fight and broke in rout. Tuoluohui was captured but refused to submit; he drew his belt dagger and took his own life.
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楊達夫
Yang Dafu
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楊達夫，字晉卿，耀州三原人。 泰和三年進士。 有才幹，所至可紀。 召補省掾，草奏章，坐字誤，降平涼府判官。 嘗主鄠縣簿，事一從簡，吏民樂之。 達夫亦愛其山水之勝，因家焉。 日以詩酒自娛，了無宦情。 會有詔徙民東入關，達夫與眾行，及韶，避兵於州北之橫嶺，為遊騎所執，將褫衣害之。 達夫挺然直立馬首，略無所懼。 稍侵辱之，即大言曰：「我金國臣子，即為汝所執，不過一死，忍裸袒以黷天日耶！」 遂見殺。 兩山潛伏之民竊觀之者，皆相告曰：「若此好官，異日祠之，當作我橫嶺之神。」
Yang Dafu, whose courtesy name was Jinqing, was a native of Sanyuan in Yao Prefecture. He received his jinshi degree in Taihe 3. He was capable, and wherever he served he left accomplishments worth recording. He was summoned to serve as a provincial clerk and drafted memorials, but a character error in his writing led to his demotion to administrative aide of Pingliang Prefecture. He once served as registrar of Hu County, keeping affairs simple throughout, to the delight of officials and commoners alike. Dafu also fell in love with the beauty of its landscape and made his home there. He passed his days in poetry and wine, with no appetite for official career at all. When an edict ordered the populace relocated east into the passes, Dafu traveled with the crowd. At Shao he took refuge from fighting at Hengling north of the prefecture, but roaming horsemen seized him and were about to strip him and kill him. Dafu stood bolt upright before the horsemen, showing not the slightest fear. When they insulted him further, he cried out, "I am a subject of the Jin state! Even seized by you, I face no more than death—would you have me strip bare and profane heaven's light?" He was then killed. The people hiding on the hillsides who had watched in secret told one another, "An official like this—when we enshrine him one day, he should become the god of our Hengling."
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馮延登
Feng Yandeng
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馮延登，字子俊，吉州吉鄉人。 世業醫。 延登幼穎悟，既長，事舉業，承安二年登詞賦進士第。 調臨真簿、德順州軍事判官。 泰和元年，轉甯邊令。 大安元年秋七月，霜害稼，民艱於食，延登發粟賑貸，全活甚眾。 貞祐二年，補尚書省令史，尋授河中府判官、兼行尚書省左右司員外郎。 興定五年，入為國史院編修官，改太常博士。 元光二年，知登聞鼓院，兼翰林修撰，奉使夏國，就充接送伴使。 正大七年十二月，遷國子祭酒。 假翰林學士承旨，充國信使。 以八年春奉國書朝見於虢縣禦營。 有旨問：「汝識鳳翔帥否？」 對曰：「識之。」 又問：「何如人？」 曰：「敏於事者也。」 又問：「汝能招之使降即貰汝死，不則殺汝矣。」 曰：「臣奉書請和，招降豈使職乎。 招降亦死，還朝亦死，不若今日即死為愈也。」 明日，複問：「汝曾思之不？」 對如前，問至再三，執義不回。 又明日，乃喻旨雲：「汝罪應死，但古無殺使者理，汝愛汝須髯猶汝命也。」 叱左右以刀截去之，延登岸然不動，乃監之豐州。 二年後放還，哀宗撫慰久之，複以為祭酒，曆禮、吏二部侍郎，權刑部尚書。 明年，大元兵圍汴京，倉猝逃難，為騎兵所得，欲擁而北行。 延登辭情慷慨，義不受辱，遂躍城旁井中，年五十八。
Feng Yandeng, whose courtesy name was Zijun, was a native of Jixiang in Ji Prefecture. His family had practiced medicine for generations. Yandeng was precocious as a boy. When he grew up he pursued the civil-service examinations and in Chengan 2 received his jinshi degree in the rhapsody category. He was appointed registrar of Linzhen and military administrative aide of Deshun Prefecture. In Taihe 1 he was transferred to magistrate of Ningbian. In the seventh month of autumn, Da'an 1, frost ruined the crops and the people faced famine. Yandeng distributed grain for relief and loans, saving a great many lives. In Zhenyou 2 he was appointed a clerk in the Ministry of Revenue, and soon afterward was made administrative aide of Hezhong Prefecture while also serving as outer vice-director of the left and right departments of the acting Ministry of Revenue. In Xingding 5 he entered the National History Institute as a compiler and was transferred to serve as Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. In Yuanguang 2 he directed the Petition Drum Court while also serving as Hanlin reviser. On an embassy to Xia he was appointed receiving and escorting companion envoy. In the twelfth month of Zhengda 7 he was promoted to libationer of the Directorate of Education. Acting as Hanlin academician recipient of edicts, he served as credentialed envoy to the Yuan court. In the spring of the eighth year he presented the state letter and had audience at the imperial camp in Guo County. He was asked by imperial order, "Do you know the commander of Fengxiang?" He answered, "I do." He was asked again, "What sort of man is he?" He said, "He is quick and capable in affairs." He was asked again, "If you can induce him to surrender, your life will be spared; otherwise you will be killed." He said, "I bear a letter seeking peace—how would inducing surrender be an envoy's duty? Inducing surrender means death, and returning to court means death as well—better to die here today." The next day he was asked again, "Have you reconsidered?" He answered as before. Questioned again and again, he held to his principles and would not yield. On the following day he was told the meaning of his reprieve: "Your offense deserves death, yet antiquity holds that envoys must not be killed. Cherish your beard as you cherish your own life." He ordered his attendants to cut it off with a knife. Yandeng remained stern and unmoved, and was then detained at Feng Prefecture. Two years later he was released. Emperor Aizong comforted him at length and again appointed him libationer. He later served as vice minister of both Rites and Personnel and as acting minister of punishments. The following year, as Yuan forces besieged Bianjing, he fled in panic and was seized by cavalry who tried to hustle him north. Yandeng answered with lofty indignation and, on principle, refused to endure humiliation. He leapt into a well beside the city wall. He was fifty-eight.
20
烏古孫仲端
Wugusun Zhongduan
21
烏古孫仲端，本名卜吉，字子正。 承安二年策論進士。 宣宗時，累官禮部侍郎。 與翰林待制安延珍奉使乞和於大元，謁見太師國王木華黎，於是安延珍留止，仲端獨往。 並大夏，涉流沙，逾蔥嶺，至西域，進見太祖皇帝，致其使事乃還。 自興定四年七月啟行，明年十二月還至。 朝廷嘉其有奉使勞，進官兩階，延珍進一階。 曆裕州刺史。 正大元年，召為禦史中丞，奉詔安撫陝西。 及歸，權參知政事。
Wugusun Zhongduan, whose original name was Buji and whose courtesy name was Zizheng, received his jinshi degree in policy essays in Chengan 2. Under Emperor Xuanzong he rose through the ranks to vice minister of rites. He went with Hanlin awaiting editor An Yanzhen on an embassy to seek peace with the Yuan and had audience with Grand Preceptor King Muqali. An Yanzhen was detained, and Zhongduan continued alone. He passed through the great Xia state, crossed the drifting sands, crossed the Congling ranges, and reached the Western Regions, where he had audience with Taizu, completed his mission, and returned. He departed in the seventh month of Xingding 4 and returned in the twelfth month of the following year. The court praised his services on embassy and promoted him two ranks; Yanzhen was promoted one rank. He later served as prefect of Yu Prefecture. In Zhengda 1 he was summoned to serve as censor-in-chief and by imperial edict was sent to pacify Shaanxi. On his return he served as acting vice councilor.
22
正大五年十二月，知開封府事完顏麻斤出、吏部郎中楊居仁以奉使不職，尚書省具獄，有旨釋之備再使。 仲端言曰； 「麻斤出等辱君命，失臣節，大不敬，宜償禮幣誅之。」 奏上，麻斤出等免死除名。 會議降大軍事，及諍太后奉佛，涉亡家敗國之語，上怒，貶同州節度使。
In the twelfth month of Zhengda 5, Wanyan Majinchu, administrator of Kaifeng, and Yang Juren, a director in the Ministry of Personnel, were found to have failed in their embassy duties. The Ministry of Revenue prepared a full case against them, but an imperial order released them so they could be sent on embassy again. Zhongduan said: " Majinchu and the others have shamed the sovereign's command, betrayed a minister's duty, and committed grave irreverence. They should make restitution with ritual gifts and then be executed." When the memorial was submitted, Majinchu and the others were spared death but stripped of their offices. When the council discussed surrendering to the main army, he remonstrated against the empress dowager's Buddhist devotions in language that touched on the ruin of house and state. The emperor was enraged and demoted him to military commissioner of Tong Prefecture.
23
哀宗將遷歸德，召為翰林學士承旨，兼同簽大睦親府事，留守汴京。 及大元兵圍汴，日久食盡，諸將不相統一，仲端自度汴中事變不測。 一日與同年汝州防禦裴滿思忠小飲，談太學同舍事以為笑樂，因數言「人死亦易事耳。」 思忠曰：「吾兄何故頻出此語？」 仲端因寫一詩示之，其詩大概謂人生大似巢燕，或在華屋杏梁，或在村居茅茨，及秋社甫臨，皆當逝去。 人生雖有富貴貧賤不同，要之終有一死耳。 書畢，連飲數杯，送思忠出門，曰：「此別終天矣。」 思忠去，仲端即自縊，其妻亦從死。 明日，崔立變。
When Emperor Aizong prepared to move the court to Guide, Zhongduan was summoned to serve as Hanlin academician recipient of edicts and associate commissioner of the Great Office of Imperial Kin, and was left behind to guard Bianjing. When Yuan forces besieged Bian, supplies ran out as the siege dragged on and the generals could not act in concert. Zhongduan concluded that events in the city had become unpredictable. One day he shared a light drink with his examination-year fellow Peiman Sizhong, defense commissioner of Ruzhou. They reminisced about their Imperial Academy days with laughter, and Zhongduan said again and again, "For a man, dying is an easy thing." Sizhong asked, "Brother, why do you keep saying such things?" Zhongduan then wrote a poem and showed it to him. In essence it said that human life is much like swallows in a nest—whether in splendid mansions with carved beams or in thatched village cottages, when the autumn sacrifice arrives all must depart. Though men differ in wealth and rank, in the end there is only death. When he had finished writing, he drank several cups in succession and escorted Sizhong to the door, saying, "This parting is forever." After Sizhong left, Zhongduan hanged himself at once, and his wife died with him. The next day Cui Li staged his mutiny.
24
仲端為人樂易寬厚知大體，奉公好善，獨得士譽。 一子名愛實，嘗為護衛、奉禦，以誅官奴功授節度、世襲千戶。
Zhongduan was cheerful, generous, and understood the larger pattern of affairs. He served the public zealously and loved what was good, and alone among officials won the praise of the scholarly class. He had one son, Aishi, who had served as an imperial guard and palace attendant. For killing the eunuch-official rebel he was granted a military commission and a hereditary chiliarchy.
25
思忠名正之，本名蒲剌篤，亦承安二年進士。
Sizhong, whose name was Zhengzhi and whose original name was Puladu, had also received his jinshi degree in Chengan 2.
26
烏古孫奴申
Wugusun Nushen
27
烏古孫奴申，字道遠。 由譯史入官。 性伉特敢為，有直氣。 嘗為監察禦史，時中丞完顏百家以酷烈聞，奴申以事糾罷，朝士聳然。 後為左司郎中、近侍局使，皆有名。 哀宗東遷，為諫議大夫、近侍局使、行省左右司郎中、兼知宮省事，留汴京居守。 崔立變之明日，同御史大夫裴滿阿虎帶自縊死於台中。 是日，戶部尚書完顏珠顆亦自縊。
Wugusun Nushen, whose courtesy name was Daoyuan, entered government service from the ranks of translator-scribes. By nature he was upright and daring, with an unbending spirit. He once served as an investigating censor. At the time Censor-in-chief Wanyan Baijia was notorious for cruelty, and Nushen impeached him on specific grounds and had him dismissed—a deed that startled the court. He later served as director of the left department and as commissioner of the Inner Service Bureau, winning renown in each post. When Emperor Aizong moved east, Nushen was made remonstrance grandee, commissioner of the Inner Service Bureau, director in the left and right departments of the Branch Secretariat, and concurrent overseer of palace affairs, and was left behind to hold Bianjing. The day after Cui Li's mutiny, he and Censor-in-chief Peiman Ahudai hanged themselves in the censorate offices. That same day, Minister of Revenue Wanyan Zhuke also hanged himself.
28
阿虎帶字仲寧，珠顆字仲平，皆女直進士。
Ahudai's courtesy name was Zhongning and Zhuke's was Zhongping; both were Jurchen jinshi degree holders.
29
時不辱而死者，奉禦完顏忙哥、大睦親府事烏古孫仲端。 大理裴滿德輝、右副點檢完顏阿撒、參政完顏奴申之子麻因，可知者數人，餘各有傳。
At that time those who died rather than accept humiliation included palace attendant Wanyan Mangge and commissioner of the Great Office of Imperial Kin Wugusun Zhongduan. Grand Guardian Peiman Dehui, right deputy inspector Wanyan Asa, and Vice Councilor Wanyan Nushen's son Mayin are among the few who can be named; the rest each have separate biographies.
30
蒲察琦
Pucha Qi
31
蒲察琦，本名阿憐，字仁卿，棣州陽信人。 試補刑部掾。 兄世襲謀克，兄死，琦承襲。 正大六年，秦、藍總帥府辟琦為安平都尉粘葛合典下都統兼知事。 其冬，小關破，事勢已迫。 琦常在合典左右，合典令避矢石，琦不去，曰：「業已從公，死生當共之，尚安所避耶。」 哀宗遷歸德，汴京立講議所，受陳言文字，其官則御史大夫納合甯以下十七人，皆朝臣之選，而琦以有論議預焉。 時左司都事元好問領講議，兼看讀陳言文字，與琦甚相得。 崔立變後，令改易巾髻，琦謂好問曰：「今日易巾髻，在京人皆可，獨琦不可。 琦一刑部譯史，襲先兄世爵，安忍作此？ 今以一死付公。 然死則即死，付公一言亦剩矣。」 因泣涕而別。 琦既至其家，母氏方晝寢，驚而寤。 琦問阿母何為，母曰：「適夢三人潛伏梁間，故驚寤。」 仁卿跪曰：「梁上人，鬼也。 兒意在懸樑，阿母夢先見耳。」 家人輩泣勸曰：「君不念老母歟？」 母止之曰：「勿勸，兒所處是矣。」 即自縊，時年四十餘。
Pucha Qi, whose original name was Alian and whose courtesy name was Renqing, was a native of Yangxin in Di Prefecture. He qualified by examination and was appointed a clerk in the Ministry of Punishments. His elder brother held a hereditary company commandership, and when the brother died Qi inherited the post. In Zhengda 6 the Qin-Lan command headquarters recruited Qi to serve as overall commander under Anping Commander Niange Hedan, with concurrent administrative duties. That winter Xiaoguan fell, and the military situation had already become desperate. Qi stayed constantly at Hedan's side. When Hedan ordered him to keep clear of arrows and stones, Qi refused to leave, saying, "I have already cast my lot with you—life and death should be shared. Where else would I go?" When Emperor Aizong moved to Guide, Bianjing established a Discussion Office to receive public proposals. Its officers numbered seventeen from Censor-in-chief Nahaning downward, all selected courtiers, and Qi was included because of his reputation for policy debate. At the time Yuan Haowen, chief clerk of the Left Department, headed the discussions and also reviewed submitted proposals; he and Qi became very close. After Cui Li's mutiny, an order came to change caps and topknots. Qi told Haowen, "Everyone in the capital may do this today—but I cannot. I am only a translator-scribe in the Ministry of Punishments who inherited my elder brother's hereditary title—how could I endure doing this? I now entrust my death to you. But if I am to die, let me die at once—even asking you to remember one word is more than I need." He parted from him in tears. When Qi reached home, his mother had been napping at midday and woke with a start. Qi asked what had happened. His mother said, "I dreamed just now that three men were lurking in the rafters—that is why I woke in alarm." Renqing knelt and said, "Men in the rafters are ghosts. Your son means to hang himself from a beam—your dream saw it first, that is all." His family wept and pleaded, "Do you not think of your aged mother?" His mother stopped them. "Do not plead with him—my son has made his decision." He hanged himself at once. He was in his forties.
32
琦性沉靜好讀書，知古今事。 其母完顏氏，以孝謹稱。
Qi was calm by nature, loved reading, and was well versed in affairs ancient and modern. His mother, of the Wanyan clan, was renowned for filial piety and prudent conduct.
33
蔡八兒
Cai Baer
34
蔡八兒，不知其所始。 矯捷有勇，性純質可任。 時為忠孝軍元帥。 天興二年，自息州入援，會大將奔盞遣數百騎駐城東，令人大呼曰：「城中速降，當免殺戮，不然無噍類矣。」 於是，上登城，遣八兒率挽強兵百餘潛出暗門，渡汝水，左右交射之。 自是兵不復薄城，築長壘為久困計。 上令分軍防守四城，以殿前都點檢兀林答胡土守西面，八兒副之。 已而哀宗度蔡城不守，傳位承麟。 群臣入賀，班定，八兒不拜，謂所親曰：「事至於此，有死而已，安能更事一君乎！」 遂戰死。
Cai Baer—nothing is known of his origins. He was agile and brave, and by nature so straightforward and trustworthy that he could be relied upon. At the time he commanded the Loyalty and Filiality Army. In Tianxing 2 he came from Xi Prefecture to reinforce the city. Grand General Benzhai sent several hundred horsemen to encamp east of the walls and had men shout, "Surrender at once and you will be spared slaughter; otherwise not one of you will survive." The emperor then mounted the wall and sent Baer with more than a hundred powerful archers to slip out through a hidden gate, cross the Ru River, and shoot at the enemy from both flanks. From then on the enemy no longer pressed close to the walls and instead built long ramparts for a prolonged siege. The emperor divided his forces to defend the four walls of the city, placing Palace Chief Inspector Ulin Hu'utu on the west face with Baer as his deputy. Before long Emperor Aizong concluded that Cai could not be held and abdicated in favor of Chenglang. The ministers entered to offer congratulations. When the ranks were formed, Baer refused to bow and told those close to him, "Matters have come to this—there is only death. How could I serve another sovereign!" He then died fighting.
35
毛牷者，恩州人。 貞祐中為盜，宣宗南渡，率眾歸國，署為義軍招撫。 哀宗遷蔡，以牷為都尉。 圍城之戰。 牷力居多，城破自縊。 其子先牷戰歿。
Mao Quan was a native of En Prefecture. During the Zhenyou era he had been a bandit leader. When Emperor Xuanzong crossed the river south, he led his followers to submit and was appointed pacification commissioner of the Loyalty Army. When Emperor Aizong moved the court to Cai, he appointed Quan a commander. In the siege battles Quan contributed the greatest effort. When the city fell he hanged himself. His son had already died in battle before him.
36
時死事者則有閻忠、郝乙、王阿驢、樊喬焉。
At that time others who died in the city's defense included Yan Zhong, Hao Yi, Wang Alu, and Fan Qiao.
37
忠，滑州人。 衛王時，開州剌史賽哥叛，忠單騎入城，縛賽哥以出，由是漸被擢用。
Zhong was a native of Hua Prefecture. During the reign of the Prince of Wei, Saige, prefect of Kaizhou, rebelled. Zhong rode alone into the city, bound Saige, and brought him out. Thereafter he was gradually promoted.
38
乙，磁州人，同日戰死，哀宗贈官。
Yi was a native of Ci Prefecture. He died in battle on the same day, and Emperor Aizong posthumously enfeoffed him.
39
阿驢、樊喬，皆河中人，初為砲軍萬戶。 鳳翔破，北降，從軍攻汴，司砲如故，即紿主者曰：「砲利於短，不利於長。」 信之，使截其木數尺、綆十餘握，由是機雖起伏，所擊無力。 即日二人皆捐家走城。
Alu and Fan Qiao were both natives of Hezhong and had originally served as commanders of ten thousands in the artillery army. When Fengxiang fell they surrendered to the north and followed the army in the attack on Bian, still directing the artillery. They deceived their superiors, saying, "Catapults are effective when short, not when long." Their superiors believed them and had the timbers shortened by several feet and the ropes cut by more than ten handspans. Though the machines still moved up and down, their blows had no force. That same day both men abandoned their households and fled into the city.
40
是時，女直人無死事者，長公主言于哀宗曰：「近來立功效命多諸色人，無事時則自家人爭強，有事則他人盡力，焉得不怨。」 上默然。 餘各有傳。
At the time no Jurchen had died in the city's defense. The Senior Princess said to Emperor Aizong, "Recently those who have won merit and given their lives have mostly been men of other ethnic groups. In peaceful times our own people vie for power; in crisis others do the fighting. How could there be no resentment?" The emperor said nothing. The rest each have separate biographies.
41
溫敦昌孫
Wendun Changsun
42
溫敦昌孫，皇太后之侄，衛尉七十五之子。 為人短小精悍，性複愷弟。 累遷諸局分官。 上幸蔡，授殿前左副點檢。 圍城中，數引軍潛出巡邏。 時尚食須魚，汝河魚甚美，上以水多浮屍，惡之。 城西有積水曰練江，魚大且多，往捕必軍衛乃可。 昌孫常自領兵以往，所得動千餘斤，分賜將士。 後知其出，左右設伏，伺而邀之，力戰而死。 蔡城破，前監察禦史納坦胡失打聞之，慟哭，投水而死。
Wendun Changsun was a nephew of the empress dowager and the son of Grand Guard Qishiwu. He was short in stature but keen and spirited, and by nature kindly and easygoing. He rose through a series of posts in the various palace bureaus. When the emperor moved to Cai, he was appointed left deputy inspector before the palace. During the siege he repeatedly led troops out in secret to patrol the perimeter. The Imperial Kitchen then needed fish. The Ru River fish were excellent, but the emperor refused them because so many corpses floated in the water. West of the city lay a body of water called Lian River, where the fish were large and plentiful—but fishing there required an armed escort. Changsun often led the troops himself. Each haul routinely exceeded a thousand jin, which he distributed among the officers and men. The enemy eventually learned of these outings, set ambushes on both flanks, and lay in wait to intercept him. He fought fiercely and was killed. When Cai fell, the former censor Nataan Hushida heard the news, wept bitterly, and drowned himself.
43
完顏絳山
Wanyan Jiangshan
44
完顏絳山，哀宗之奉禦也，系出始祖。 天興二年十月，蔡城被圍，城中饑民萬余訴於有司求出，有司難之，民大呼於道。 上聞之，遣近侍官分監四門，門日出千人，必老稚羸疾者聽其出。 絳山時在北門，憫人之饑，出過其數，命杖之四十。 然出者多泄城中虛實，尋止之。
Wanyan Jiangshan was a palace attendant to Emperor Aizong and traced his lineage to the founding ancestor. In the tenth month of the second year of Tianxing, as Cai was under siege, more than ten thousand starving townspeople petitioned the authorities to leave the city. The officials hesitated, and the people cried out in the streets. When the emperor heard of this, he sent palace attendants to supervise the four gates. Each gate was to release a thousand people daily, but only the elderly, children, the weak, and the sick were permitted to leave. Jiangshan was then stationed at the north gate. Moved by the people's hunger, he allowed more than the quota to leave and was ordered flogged forty strokes. But those who left often revealed the city's true condition, and the policy was soon halted.
45
三年正月己酉，蔡城破，哀宗傳立承麟，即自縊于幽蘭軒。 權點檢內族斜烈矯制召承禦石盞氏、近侍局大使焦春和、內侍局殿頭宋珪赴上前，曉以名分大義，及侍從官巴良弼、阿勒根文卿皆從死。 斜烈將死，遺言絳山，使焚幽蘭軒。 火方熾，子城破，大兵突入，近侍左右皆走避，獨絳山留不去，為兵所執，問曰：「汝為誰？」 絳山曰：「吾奉禦絳山也。」 兵曰：「眾皆散走，而獨後何也？」 曰：「吾君終於是，吾候火滅灰寒，收瘞其骨耳。」 兵笑曰：「若狂者耶？ 汝命且不能保，能瘞而君耶？」 絳山曰：「人各事其君。 吾君有天下十餘年，功業弗終，身死社稷，忍使暴露遺骸與士卒等耶？ 吾逆知君輩必不遺吾，吾是以留。 果瘞吾君之後，雖寸斬吾不恨矣。」 兵以告其帥，奔盞曰：「此奇男子也。」 許之。 絳山乃掇其餘燼，裹以弊衾，瘞于汝水之旁。 再拜號哭，將赴汝水死。 軍士救之得免，後不知所終。
On the jiyou day of the first month of the third year, Cai fell. Emperor Aizong had Chenglang proclaimed as his successor and then hanged himself in Youlan Pavilion. Acting Inspector of the Inner Clan Xielie forged an edict summoning Attendant Lady Shizhan, Grand Master of the Attendants Bureau Jiao Chunhe, and Head Clerk of the Inner Attendants Bureau Song Gui to the emperor's presence, where he explained the duty owed to one's sovereign. Attendants Balangbi and Aligen Wenqing all followed him to their deaths. As Xielie was about to die, he left instructions with Jiangshan to burn Youlan Pavilion. The fire was still blazing when the inner city fell and the Mongol forces burst in. The attendants all fled—only Jiangshan stayed behind. Soldiers seized him and asked, "Who are you?" Jiangshan replied, "I am the palace attendant Jiangshan." The soldier said, "Everyone else has fled—why do you alone remain?" He said, "My lord died here. I mean only to wait until the fire dies and the ashes grow cold, then gather and bury his bones." The soldier laughed. "Are you mad? You cannot even save your own life—how can you bury your lord?" Jiangshan said, "Every man serves his own lord. My lord held the realm for more than ten years, yet his work was left unfinished when he died for the state. How could I bear to let his exposed remains lie no better than those of common soldiers? I knew beforehand that you would not spare me—that is why I stayed. Once I have buried my lord, even if I am cut to pieces I will have no regret." The soldiers reported this to their commander. Benzhai said, "This is an extraordinary man." He granted his request. Jiangshan gathered the remaining embers, wrapped them in a worn quilt, and buried them beside the Ru River. He bowed twice, wailed aloud, and was about to throw himself into the Ru River. Soldiers rescued him in time. What became of him afterward is unknown.
46
畢資倫
Bi Zilun
47
僕散阿海南征，軍次梅林關不得過，阿海問諸將誰能取此關者，資倫首出應命。 問須軍士幾何，曰：「止用資倫所統足矣，不煩餘軍。」 明日遲明，出宋軍不意，引兵簿之，萬眾崩，遂取梅林關。 阿海軍得南行，留提控王祿軍萬人守關。 不數日，宋兵奪關守之，阿海以梅林歸途為敵據，計無所出，複問：「誰能取梅林者，以帥職賞之。」 資倫複出應命，以本軍再奪梅林。 阿海破蘄、黃，按軍而還，論功資論第一，授遙領同知昌武軍節度使、宣差總領都提控。
On Pusan Ahai's southern campaign, his army halted at Meilin Pass and could not get through. Ahai asked his generals who could take the pass, and Zilun was the first to volunteer. When asked how many men he needed, he said, "My own command is enough. There is no need to call on other units." The next morning at dawn he caught the Song army by surprise, pressed his troops against them, and routed their force of ten thousand. Meilin Pass was taken. Ahai's army was able to continue south. He left Commander Wang Lu with ten thousand men to hold the pass. Within days the Song retook the pass. With the Meilin route home now in enemy hands, Ahai had no solution. He asked again, "Who can retake Meilin? I will reward him with a commander's rank." Zilun volunteered again and, leading his own troops, retook Meilin. After Ahai captured Qi and Huang and marched home, Zilun was ranked first in merit. He received an honorary appointment as acting co-administrator of the Changwu Army command and was made commissioner general and chief overall commander.
48
既而樞密院以資倫、思忠不相能，恐敗事，以資倫統本軍屯泗州。 興定五年正月戊戌，提控王祿湯餅會軍中宴飲，宋龜山統制時青乘隙襲破泗州西城。 資倫知失計，墮南城求死，為宋軍所執，以見時青。 青說之曰：「畢宣差，我知爾好男子，亦宜相時達變。 金國勢已衰弱，爾肯降我，宋亦不負爾。 若不從，見劉天帥即死矣。」 資倫極口罵曰：「時青逆賊聽我言。 我出身至貧賤，結柳器為生，自征南始得一官，今職居三品。 不幸失國家城池，甘分一死尚不能報，肯從汝反賊求生耶！」 青知無降意，下盱眙獄。 時臨淮令李某者亦被執，後得歸，為泗州從宜移剌羊哥言其事。 羊哥以資倫惡語罵時青必被殺，即以死不屈節聞於朝。 時資倫子牛兒年十二，居宿州，收充皇后位奉閣舍人。
Soon afterward the Privy Council, fearing that Zilun and Sizhong could not work together and would ruin the mission, posted Zilun with his own army to garrison Sizhou. On the wuxu day of the first month of the fifth year of Xingding, Commander Wang Lu held a noodle feast and drinking party in camp. Song commander Shi Qing of Guishan seized the opportunity, raided, and broke through the west wall of Sizhou. Realizing all was lost, Zilun leaped from the south wall in an attempt to die. Song troops seized him and brought him before Shi Qing. Qing tried to persuade him: "Commissioner Bi, I know you are a man of worth. You ought to read the times and adapt. The Jin state is already in decline. If you surrender to me, Song will not treat you badly. If you refuse, you will die the moment you are brought before Marshal Liu." Zilun cursed him roundly: "Shi Qing, you rebel traitor—hear me. I came from the humblest poverty and made my living weaving willow baskets. I did not receive an office until the southern campaign, and now I hold third-rank rank. I have already lost a city of the state. Even death willingly accepted would not repay my debt—would I follow a rebel traitor like you to save my life?" Seeing that Zilun would not surrender, Qing had him thrown into the prison at Xuyi. A Magistrate Li of Linhuai had also been captured at the time. After he returned, he recounted the affair to Sizhou adjutant Yila Yangge. Yangge assumed that Zilun's fierce curses at Shi Qing meant he would be killed, and reported to the court that he had died without surrendering his integrity. At the time Zilun's son Niuer was twelve and living in Suzhou. He was taken into service as an attendant in the empress's pavilion.
49
宋人亦賞資倫忠憤不撓，欲全活之，鈐以鐵繩，囚於鎮江府土獄，略給衣食使不至寒餓，脅誘百方，時一引出問雲：「汝降否？」 資倫或罵或不語，如是十四年。 及盱眙將士降宋，宋使總帥納合買住已下北望哭拜，謂之辭故主，驅資倫在旁觀之。 資倫見買住罵曰：「納合買住，國家未嘗負汝，何所求死不可，乃作如此觜鼻耶！」 買住俯首不敢仰視。
The Song also admired Zilun's loyal fury and unbending spirit and wanted to keep him alive. They bound him with iron chains and held him in the earthen prison at Zhenjiang Prefecture, giving him barely enough food and clothing to keep him from freezing or starving. They tried every form of coercion and persuasion, and from time to time brought him out to ask, "Will you surrender?" Zilun either cursed them or kept silent. This continued for fourteen years. When the officers and men of Xuyi surrendered to Song, the Song made Grand Marshal Nahe Maizhu and his subordinates face north, weep, and bow in farewell to their former sovereign. They forced Zilun to watch from the side. When Zilun saw Maizhu he cursed him: "Nahe Maizhu, the state never wronged you. What is there that death cannot answer—why put on such a shameful show!" Maizhu bowed his head and did not dare meet his eyes.
50
及蔡州破，哀宗自縊，宋人以告資倫。 資倫歎曰：「吾無所望矣。 容我一祭吾君乃降耳。」 宋人信之，為屠牛羊設祭鎮江南岸。 資倫祭畢，伏地大哭，乘其不防投江水而死。 宋人義之，宣示四方，仍議為立祠。 鎮江之囚有方士者親嘗見之，以告元好問，及言泗州城陷資倫被執事，且曰：「資倫長身，面赤色，顴頰微高，髯疏而黃。 資稟質直，重然諾，故其堅忍守節卓卓如此。」 《宣宗實錄》載資倫為亂兵所殺，當時傳聞不得其實雲。
When Caizhou fell and Emperor Aizong hanged himself, the Song informed Zilun. Zilun sighed. "I have nothing left to hope for. Allow me to make one offering to my lord, and then I will surrender." The Song believed him. They slaughtered cattle and sheep and set up the offering on the south bank of the Yangzi at Zhenjiang. When the rite was finished, Zilun prostrated himself and wailed. Then, catching them off guard, he threw himself into the river and died. The Song honored his conduct, proclaimed it throughout the realm, and even discussed building a shrine in his memory. A Daoist among the prisoners at Zhenjiang had seen him in person and told Yuan Haowen about the fall of Sizhou and Zilun's capture. He said, "Zilun was tall, with a ruddy face, slightly high cheekbones, and a sparse yellow beard. By nature he was upright and kept his word faithfully; that is why he endured and held to his integrity so remarkably." The Veritable Records of Emperor Xuanzong say that Zilun was killed by mutinous troops—the rumors of the day did not capture what really happened.
51
郭蝦蟆
Guo Xiama
52
郭蝦蟆，會州人。 世為保甲射生手，與兄祿大俱以善射應募。 興定初，祿大以功遷遙授同知平涼府事、兼會州刺史，進官一階，賜姓顏盞。 夏人攻會州，祿大遙見其主兵者人馬皆衣金，出入陣中，約二百余步，一發中其吭，殪之。 又射一人，矢貫兩手於樹，敵大駭。 城破，祿大、蝦蟆俱被禽。 夏人憐其技，囚之，兄弟皆誓死不屈。 朝廷聞之，議加優獎，而未知存沒，乃特遷祿大子伴牛官一階，授巡尉職，以旌其忠。 其後兄弟謀奔會，自拔其須，事覺，祿大竟為所殺，蝦蟆獨拔歸。 上思祿大之忠，命複遷伴牛官一階，遙授會州軍事判官，蝦蟆遙授鞏州鈐轄。 會言者乞獎用祿大弟，遂遷蝦蟆官兩階，授同知蘭州軍州事。
Guo Xiama was a native of Huizhou. His family had served for generations as baojia archery hunters. He and his elder brother Ludu both enlisted for their skill as marksmen. At the beginning of the Xingding era, Ludu was promoted for merit to honorary acting co-administrator of Pingliang Prefecture and concurrent prefect of Huizhou. He was advanced one rank and granted the surname Yanzhan. When the Tangut attacked Huizhou, Ludu saw their commander from afar—man and horse both clad in gold—moving in and out of the battle line at a distance of some two hundred paces. With one shot he struck the man's throat and killed him. He shot another man as well, pinning both his hands to a tree with a single arrow. The enemy were terrified. When the city fell, both Ludu and Xiama were captured. The Tangut admired their skill and imprisoned them. Both brothers swore they would die rather than submit. When the court heard of this, it planned special rewards, but not knowing whether the brothers were alive or dead, it specially promoted Ludu's son Ban Niuguan one rank and appointed him a patrol commander to honor their loyalty. Later the brothers plotted to escape back to Huizhou and plucked out their own beards to disguise themselves, but the plot was discovered. Ludu was killed, while Xiama alone broke free and made it back. The emperor, remembering Ludu's loyalty, promoted Ban Niuguan one rank again and gave Ludu an honorary appointment as military adjutant of Huizhou. Xiama received an honorary appointment as commandant of Gongzhou. Memorialists then asked that Ludu's younger brother be rewarded and employed. Xiama was promoted two ranks and appointed acting co-administrator of Lanzhou.
53
興定五年冬，夏人萬餘侵定西，蝦蟆敗之，斬首七百，獲馬五十匹，以功遷同知臨洮府事。 元光二年，夏人步騎數十萬攻鳳翔甚急，元帥赤盞合喜以蝦蟆總領軍事。 從巡城，濠外一人坐胡床，以箭力不及，氣貌若蔑視城守者。 合喜指似蝦蟆雲：「汝能射此人否？」 蝦蟆測量遠近，曰：「可。」 蝦蟆平時發矢，伺腋下甲不掩處射之無不中，即持弓矢伺坐者舉肘，一發而斃。 兵退，升遙授靜難軍節度使，尋改通遠軍節度使，授山東西路斡可必剌謀克，仍遣使賞賚，遍諭諸郡焉。
In the winter of the fifth year of Xingding, more than ten thousand Tangut invaded Dingxi. Xiama routed them, beheaded seven hundred men, and captured fifty horses. For this he was promoted to acting co-administrator of Lintao Prefecture. In the second year of Yuanguang, several hundred thousand Tangut infantry and cavalry pressed the attack on Fengxiang. Marshal Chizan Hexi put Xiama in overall charge of the defense. While making the rounds of the walls with him, they saw a man outside the moat seated on a folding camp chair. He seemed to think himself out of bowshot, and his manner looked contemptuous of the defenders. Hexi pointed the man out to Xiama and asked, "Can you hit him?" Xiama gauged the distance and said, "Yes." Xiama's usual method was to wait for gaps in the armor under the armpit; he never missed. He nocked an arrow, waited for the seated man to raise his elbow, and dropped him with a single shot. The enemy withdrew. He was promoted to honorary commissioner of the Jingnan Army, then reassigned as commissioner of the Tongyuan Army and appointed commander of the Wokebila regiment on the Shandong and Shaanxi Circuit. Envoys were sent with rewards, and the news was proclaimed in every prefecture.
54
是年冬，蝦蟆與鞏州元帥田瑞攻取會州。 蝦蟆率騎兵五百皆被赭衲，蔽州之南山而下，夏人猝望之以為神。 城上有舉手於懸風版者，蝦蟆射之，手與版俱貫。 凡射死數百人。 夏人震恐，乃出降。 蓋會州為夏人所據近四年，至是複焉。
That winter Xiama joined Gongzhou Marshal Tian Rui in attacking and retaking Huizhou. Xiama led five hundred cavalry clad in ochre robes, descending from behind the mountain south of the prefecture. The Tangut caught sight of them suddenly and thought they were divine beings. On the wall a man raised his hand above the parapet wind-screen. Xiama shot him, driving the arrow through both hand and screen. In all he killed several hundred men with his bow. Terrified, the Tangut surrendered. Huizhou had been in Tangut hands for nearly four years; now it was recovered.
55
正大初，田瑞據鞏州叛，詔陝西兩行省並力擊之。 蝦蟆率眾先登，瑞開門突出，為其弟濟所殺，斬首五千餘級，以功遷遙授知鳳翔府事、本路兵馬都總管、元帥左都監、兼行蘭、會、洮、河元帥府事。 六年九月，蝦蟆進西馬二匹，詔曰：「卿武藝超絕。 此馬可充戰用，朕乘此豈能盡其力。 既入進，即尚廄物也，就以賜卿。」 仍賜金鼎一、玉兔鶻一，並所遣郭倫哥等物有差。
At the beginning of the Zhengda era, Tian Rui seized Gongzhou and rebelled. An edict ordered the two Shaanxi branch secretariats to join forces and attack him. Xiama led the assault and was first over the wall. Rui opened the gate and charged out but was killed by his younger brother Ji. More than five thousand heads were taken. For this Xiama was promoted to honorary administrator of Fengxiang Prefecture, overall commander of the circuit's forces, left overseer of the marshal's staff, and acting marshal of the Lan, Hui, Tao, and He command. In the ninth month of the sixth year, Xiama presented two Western horses. An edict said, "Your martial skill is extraordinary. These horses are fit for war. If I rode them, I could not make full use of their power. Once offered in tribute they belong to the imperial stables—so I bestow them upon you instead." He also granted a gold cauldron and a jade hunting hawk, along with graded rewards for Guo Lunge and the others who had accompanied the tribute.
56
天興二年，哀宗遷蔡州，慮孤城不能保，擬遷鞏昌，以粘葛完展為鞏昌行省。 三年春正月，完展聞蔡已破，欲安眾心，城守以待嗣立者，乃遣人稱使者至自蔡，有旨宣諭。 綏德州帥汪世顯者亦知蔡凶問，且嫉完展制己，欲發矯詔事，因以兵圖之，然懼蝦蟆威望，乃遣使約蝦蟆並力破鞏昌。 使者至，蝦蟆謂之曰：「粘葛公奉詔為行省，號令孰敢不從。 今主上受圍于蔡，擬遷鞏昌。 國家危急之際，我輩既不能致死赴援，又不能葉眾奉迎，乃欲攻粘葛公，先廢遷幸之地，上至何所歸乎。 汝帥若欲背國家，任自為之，何及於我。」 世顯即攻鞏昌破之，劫殺完展，送款於大元，複遣使者二十余輩諭蝦蟆以禍福，不從。
In the second year of Tianxing, Emperor Aizong moved the court to Caizhou. Fearing the isolated city could not be held, he planned to relocate to Gongchang and appointed Niange Wanzhan branch secretary there. In the first month of spring of the third year, Wanzhan learned that Cai had fallen. Hoping to steady morale, he held the city and waited for a successor to be enthroned. He sent men posing as envoys from Cai bearing an edict of instruction. Wang Shixian, commander of Suide Prefecture, also heard the grim news from Cai and resented Wanzhan's authority over him. He wanted to expose the forged edict and moved against Wanzhan with troops, but feared Xiama's prestige and sent envoys asking Xiama to join him in taking Gongchang. When the envoys arrived, Xiama told them, "Lord Niange holds his post by imperial edict. Whose orders would anyone dare disobey? The sovereign is now besieged at Cai and plans to relocate to Gongchang. At a moment when the state is in peril, we can neither give our lives to march to the rescue nor abandon the people here to welcome the sovereign—yet you would attack Lord Niange and destroy the very place chosen for the court's relocation. Where would the sovereign go then? If your commander wishes to betray the state, let him do as he pleases. What has that to do with me?" Shixian immediately attacked Gongchang, captured it, seized and killed Wanzhan, and submitted to the Yuan. He then sent more than twenty envoys to lecture Xiama on fortune and ruin, but Xiama refused.
57
甲午春，金國已亡，西州無不歸順者，獨蝦蟆堅守孤城。 丙申歲冬十月，大兵並力攻之。 蝦蟆度不能支，集州中所有金銀銅鐵，雜鑄為砲以擊攻者，殺牛馬以食戰士，又自焚盧舍積聚，曰：「無至資兵。」 日與血戰，而大兵亦不能卒拔。 及軍士死傷者眾，乃命積薪於州廨，呼集家人及城中將校妻女，閉諸一室，將自焚之。 蝦蟆之妾欲有所訴，立斬以徇。 火既熾，率將士於火前持滿以待。 城破，兵填委以入，鏖戰既久，士卒有弓盡矢絕者，挺身入火中。 蝦蟆獨上大草積，以門扉自蔽，發二三百矢無不中者，矢盡，投弓劍於火自焚。 城中無一人肯降者。 蝦蟆死時年四十五。 土人為立祠。
In the spring of the jiawu year the Jin state had fallen. Every western prefecture submitted—only Xiama continued to hold his isolated city. In the tenth month of winter in the bingshen year the main army attacked the city with all its strength. Xiama saw he could not hold out. He gathered every scrap of gold, silver, copper, and iron in the prefecture and cast them into cannon to strike the attackers. He slaughtered oxen and horses to feed his warriors and burned his own dwellings and stores, saying, "Let nothing fall into the enemy's hands." Day after day they fought bloody engagements, yet the main army could not capture the city quickly either. When casualties among his troops had grown heavy, he ordered firewood piled in the prefectural offices, gathered his family and the wives and daughters of the city's officers, shut them in one room, and prepared to burn them alive. When one of Xiama's concubines tried to plead, he beheaded her on the spot as an example to the rest. When the fire was blazing, he led his officers and men to stand before it with bows drawn full, waiting. When the city fell, enemy troops poured in. After prolonged fierce fighting, soldiers whose bows were broken and arrows spent threw themselves into the flames. Xiama alone climbed a great haystack, shielded himself with a door panel, and loosed two or three hundred arrows without a miss. When his arrows were spent he cast his bow and sword into the fire and burned himself. Not a single person in the city was willing to surrender. Xiama was forty-five when he died. The local people built a shrine in his honor.
58
完展字世昌。 泰和三年策論進士。 初為行省，以蠟丸為詔，期以天興二年九月集大軍與上會于饒峰關，出宋不意取興元。 既而不果雲。
Wanzhan's courtesy name was Shichang. He received his jinshi degree in policy essays in Taihe 3. When he first served as branch secretary, he sent a wax-sealed edict fixing the ninth month of Tianxing 2 for a great army to rendezvous with the emperor at Raofeng Pass and seize Xingyuan before the Song could react. In the end the plan came to nothing, or so it is said.