1
古書「畔」與「叛」通，畔之為言界也。 《左氏》曰，政猶「農之有畔」，是也。 君臣上下之定分，猶此疆彼界之截然，違此向彼，即為叛矣。 善惡判于跬步，禍患極於懷襄，吁，可畏哉！ 作《叛臣傳》。
In older writings, pan (the cited text) and pan (the cited text, 'rebel') are used interchangeably; the word pan here means 'boundary.' The Zuo Commentary puts it this way: government is like a farmer keeping to his field boundaries—and that is the sense intended here. The settled order between ruler and subject, superior and inferior, is like a hard line between one field and the next; to step across from one side to the other is to rebel. Good and evil turn on a single step, and disaster can swell to the scale of the Huai and Xiang deluge—how terrifying! Hence these biographies of rebel officials.
2
張覺，亦書作鐧，平州義豐人也。 在遼第進士，仕至遼興軍節度副使。 太祖定燕京，時立愛以平州降，當時宋人以海上之盟求燕京及西京地，太祖以燕京、涿、易、檀、順、景、薊與之。 平州自入契丹別為一軍，故弗與，而以平州為南京，覺為留守。 既而聞覺有異志，上遣使劉彥宗及斜缽諭之，詔曰：「平山一郡今為南京，節度使今為留守。 恩亦厚矣。 或言汝等陰有異圖，何為當此農時輒相扇動，非去危就安之計也。 其諭朕意。」 太祖每收城邑，往往徙其民以實京師，民心多不安，故時立愛因降表曾言及之。 及以燕京與宋而遷其人，獨以空城與之，遷者道出平州，故覺因之以作亂。 天輔七年五月，左企弓、虞仲文、曹勇義、康公弼赴廣甯，過平州，覺使人殺之于栗林下，遂據南京叛入于宋，宋人納之。
Zhang Jue, whose name is also written with the character for 'iron mace,' came from Yifeng in Ping Prefecture. He took his jinshi degree under the Liao and eventually served as deputy military commissioner of the Liaoxing Army. After the Taizu Emperor took Yanjing, Shili Ai surrendered Ping Prefecture. The Song, citing the maritime alliance, pressed for Yanjing and the Western Capital lands; the Taizu Emperor ceded Yanjing along with Zhuo, Yi, Tan, Shun, Jing, and Ji. Ping Prefecture had formed its own army district under Khitan rule, so it was not handed to the Song; the Jin made it the Southern Capital instead and appointed Jue resident commissioner. Soon word came that Jue was nursing disloyal designs. The emperor sent Liu Yanzong and Xiebo to admonish him with an edict: 'The Pingshan commandery is now the Southern Capital, and the post of military commissioner is now resident commissioner. Our favor toward you has already been ample. Some report that you are plotting in secret—why stir unrest in the middle of the planting season? That is hardly a course that leads from danger to safety. Make my intentions clear to them.' Whenever the Taizu Emperor captured a city he would often relocate its people to swell the capital, leaving the populace deeply uneasy—something Shili Ai had already raised in his surrender memorial. When Yanjing was ceded to the Song its inhabitants were relocated, leaving only an empty city behind; the evacuees had to pass through Ping Prefecture, and Jue seized on their grievances to launch a revolt. In the fifth month of Tianfu year seven, Zuo Qigong, Yu Zhongwen, Cao Yongyi, and Kang Gongbi were bound for Guangning and passed through Ping Prefecture. Jue had them killed under the chestnut grove, seized the Southern Capital, defected to the Song, and was welcomed by the Song court.
3
太祖下詔諭南京官吏，詔曰：「朕初駐蹕燕京，嘉爾吏民率先降附，故升府治以為南京，減徭役，薄賦稅，恩亦至矣，何苦輒為叛逆？ 今欲進兵攻取，時方農月，不忍以一惡人而害及眾庶。 且遼國舉為我有，孤城自守，終欲何為？ 今止坐首惡，餘並釋之。」
The Taizu Emperor addressed the Southern Capital officials with an edict: 'When I first made Yanjing my base, I honored your officials and people for leading the way in submission. I elevated this seat to the Southern Capital, eased corvée burdens, and cut taxes—our grace could hardly go further. Why court rebellion at such cost? I am ready to march and take the city, yet the planting season is upon us, and I will not let one villain's crime visit suffering on the common people. The whole Liao realm is already mine; what end do you imagine by clinging to a single walled town? Only the ringleader will be held to account; everyone else will go free.'
4
覺兵五萬屯潤州近郊，欲脅遷、來、潤、隰四州。 闍母自錦州往討之，已敗覺兵，欲乘勝攻南京，時暑雨不可進，退屯於海堧。 無何，闍母再敗覺兵，復與戰於兔耳山，闍母大敗，覺報捷于宋。 宋建平州為泰寧軍，以覺為節度使，張敦固等皆加徽猶閣待制，以銀絹數萬犒軍。
Jue stationed fifty thousand troops in the outskirts near Run Prefecture, hoping to intimidate Qian, Lai, Run, and Xi into submission. Chanmu marched from Jin Prefecture to suppress him. He had already routed Jue's forces and meant to press on to the Southern Capital, but summer rains blocked the advance, so he fell back and encamped at Haichuan. Soon afterward Chanmu routed Jue's troops again, yet at Rabbit-Ear Mountain he met a crushing defeat. Jue sent word of victory to the Song court. The Song reorganized Ping Prefecture as the Taiping Army district, made Jue its military commissioner, promoted Zhang Dungu and others to Huayou Pavilion academicians, and sent tens of thousands in silver and silk to reward the troops.
5
宗望軍至南京城東，覺兵大敗宵遁，遂奔宋，入於燕京。 宗望以納叛責宋宣撫司，索張覺。 宣撫王安中匿之於甲仗庫，紿曰：「無之。」 宗望索愈急，安中乃斬貌類覺者一人當之，金人識之曰：「非覺也。」 安中不得已，引覺出。 數以罪，覺罵宋人不容口，遂殺覺函其首以與金人。 燕京降將及常勝軍皆泣下，郭藥師自言曰：「若來索藥師當奈何？」 自是，降將卒皆解體。 及金人伐宋，竟以納平州之叛為執言雲。 子僅言。
When Zongwang's army reached the eastern side of the Southern Capital, Jue's forces were shattered and fled under cover of night. He defected to the Song and took refuge in Yanjing. Zongwang accused the Song Pacification Commission of sheltering a rebel and demanded that Zhang Jue be handed over. Pacification Commissioner Wang Anzhong hid him in the armory and lied: 'We do not have him. Zongwang's demands grew fiercer, so Anzhong beheaded a look-alike and tried to pass him off as Jue. The Jurchens saw through it at once: 'That is not Jue. Left with no choice, Anzhong produced Jue. When his crimes were read out, Jue poured unceasing abuse on the Song. They executed him, packed his head in a box, and delivered it to the Jurchens. Yanjing's surrendered generals and the Ever-Victorious Army wept openly. Guo Yaoshi muttered to himself, 'If they come for me next, what then?' From that moment the morale of every surrendered officer and soldier collapsed. When the Jurchens marched against the Song, they ultimately held up the sheltering of the Ping Prefecture rebel as their casus belli. His son was Jinyan.
6
子僅言
Son: Jinyan
7
僅言幼名元奴。 宗望攻下平山，僅言在繈褓間，裏人劉承宣得之，養於家。 其鄰韓夫人甚愛之。 年數歲，因隨韓夫人得見貞懿皇后。 留之籓邸，稍長，侍世宗讀書，遂使僅言主家事，繩檢部曲，一府憚之。
As a child Jinyan was called Yuannu. When Zongwang took Pingshan, Jinyan was still an infant. A neighbor, Liu Chengxuan, found him and brought him up in his own home. Lady Han, who lived nearby, adored the child. At the age of a few years he went with Lady Han and was presented to Empress Zhenyi. She kept him at the princely residence. As he grew he attended the Shizong Emperor in his studies, then was entrusted with running the household and keeping the retainers in line; the entire establishment stood in awe of him.
8
僅言能心計，世宗倚任之，凡宮室營造、府庫出納、行幸頓舍皆委之。 世宗嘗曰：「一經僅言，無不愜朕意者。」 六年，提舉修內役事，役夫掘地得白金匿之，事覺，法當死，僅言責取其物與官，釋其罪。 尋兼祗應司。 遷少府監，提控宮籍監、祗應司如故。 護作太甯宮，引宮左流泉溉田，歲獲稻萬斛。 十七年，複提點內藏，典領昭德皇后山陵，遷勸農使，領諸職如故。
Jinyan had a sharp head for figures, and the Shizong Emperor leaned on him for palace construction, treasury accounts, and every detail of lodging on the road. The Shizong Emperor once remarked, 'Once Jinyan has handled a matter, it always suits me perfectly. In year six he supervised inner-palace construction. Laborers unearthed hidden silver while digging; when the theft was discovered the law demanded death, but Jinyan made them turn the metal over to the treasury and spared their lives. He was soon given additional duties in the Attendance Service. He rose to director of the Palace Workshop while retaining charge of the Palace Registry and the Attendance Service. While supervising the Taining Palace he channeled a spring west of the palace to irrigate fields, yielding ten thousand hu of rice a year. In year seventeen he again oversaw the inner treasury, directed construction of Empress Zhaode's tomb, was made Commissioner for Encouraging Agriculture, and kept his other offices unchanged.
9
僅言雖舊臣，出入左右，然世宗終不假以權任。 二十一年，尚書省奏，宮苑司直長黎倫在職十六年，請與遷敘。 上曰：「此朕之家臣，質直人也，今已老矣。 如勸農使張僅言亦朕舊臣，純實頗解事，凡朝廷議論，內外除授，未嘗得干預。 朕觀自古人君為讒諂蒙蔽者多矣，朕雖不及古人，然近習憸言未嘗入耳。」 宰臣曰：「誠如聖訓，此國家之福也。」 世宗欲以為橫海軍節度使，而不可去左右，遂止。
Jinyan was a longtime attendant who moved in the emperor's closest circle, yet the Shizong Emperor never gave him substantive authority. In year twenty-one the Secretariat reported that Li Lun, chief clerk of the Palace Parks Office, had served sixteen years and asked that his rank be advanced. The emperor said, 'He is one of my household servants—plain and honest—and he is old now. Zhang Jinyan, my Commissioner for Encouraging Agriculture, is another old servant—honest, capable, and thoroughly dependable—yet he has never been permitted to meddle in court debate or in appointments inside or outside the capital. I know how often ancient rulers were blinded by flatterers and slanderers. I may not match the sages of old, but I have never let the smooth talk of favorites reach my ears. The chief ministers replied, 'Your words are wise indeed; such restraint is the state's good fortune. The Shizong Emperor once meant to make him military commissioner of the Henghai Army, but could not part with him from his side, and abandoned the idea.
10
僅言始得疾，猶扶杖視事，疾亟，詔太醫診視，近侍問訊相屬。 及卒，上深惜之，遣官致祭，賻銀五百兩、重彩十端、絹二百匹，棺槨、衣衾、銀汞、斂物、葬地皆官給，贈輔國上將軍。
When Jinyan first fell ill he still leaned on his staff to keep working. As the sickness worsened the court sent imperial physicians, and close attendants called in steady succession. At his death the emperor grieved deeply, sent officials to perform the rites, and granted five hundred taels of silver, ten bolts of fine silk, and two hundred bolts of plain silk as funeral gifts. Coffin, shroud, burial silver, grave goods, and burial ground were all supplied by the court, and he was posthumously enfeoffed Supporter-of-the-State General-in-Chief.
11
耶律余睹
Yelu Yudu
12
太祖已取臨潢府，賜詔余睹曰：「汝將兵在東路，前後戰未嘗不敗。 今聞汝收合散亡，以拒我師。 朕已於今月十五日克上京，今將往取遼主矣。 汝若治兵一決勝負，可指地期日相報。 若知不敵，當率眾來降，無貽後悔。」 及太祖班師，闍母等還至遼河，方渡，余睹來襲，完顏背答、烏塔等殿，力戰卻之，獲甲馬五百匹。
Once the Taizu Emperor had taken Linhuang, he sent Yudu an edict: 'You have led troops on the eastern front and have not won a single battle, time after time. Now I hear you are rallying stragglers and refugees to stand against my army. I captured the Upper Capital on the fifteenth of this month and am now marching to take the Liao emperor himself. If you mean to muster your forces and fight it out, name the place and day and send word. If you know you cannot stand against us, lead your men in submission before regret comes too late.' As the Taizu Emperor marched home, Chanmu and his column reached the Liao River and were mid-crossing when Yudu struck. Wanyan Beida, Wuta, and others held the rear, fought him off after a hard engagement, and seized five hundred sets of armor and mounts.
13
天輔五年，余睹送款于咸州路都統，以所部來降，乞援接于桑林渡。 都統司以聞，詔曰：「余睹到日，使與其官屬偕來，餘眾處之便地。」 無何，余睹送上所受遼國宣誥，及器甲旗幟等，與將吏韓福奴、阿八、謝老、太師奴、蕭慶、醜和尚、高佛留、蒲答、謝家奴、五哥等來降。
In Tianfu year five Yudu sent word of submission to the Xianzhou circuit commander, came over with his command, and asked to be met at Sanglin Ford. The commander's office reported upward, and an edict ordered: 'When Yudu arrives, let him come with his officers; place the rest of his followers wherever is convenient. Soon afterward Yudu handed over the Liao commissions he had held, along with arms, armor, banners, and standards, and surrendered with his officers Han Funu, Aba, Xielao, Taishinu, Xiao Qing, Chouheshang, Gao Foliu, Puda, Xiejianu, Wuge, and the rest.
14
余睹作書，具言所以降之意，大概以謂：「遼主沉湎荒于遊畋，不恤政事，好佞人，遠忠直，淫刑吝賞，政煩賦重，民不聊生。」 又言：「樞密使得裏底本無材能，但阿諛取容，其子磨哥任以軍事。」 又言：「文妃長子晉王素系人望，宜為儲副，得裏底以元妃諸子己所自出，使晉王出繼文妃。」 又言：「晉王與駙馬乙信謀複其樞密使，來告余睹共定大計，而所圖不成。」 又言：「己粗更軍事，進策遼主，得裏底蔽之，遼主亦不省察。」 又曰：「大金疆土日辟，余睹灼知天命，遂自去年春與耶律慎思等定議，約以今夏來降。 近聞得裏底、高十捏等欲發，倉卒之際不及收合四遠，但率傍近部族戶三千、車五千兩、畜產數萬、遼北軍都統以兵追襲，遂棄輜重，轉戰至此。 所有官事職位姓名、人戶畜產之數，遣韓福奴具錄以聞。」 遂與其將吏來見，上撫慰之，遂賜坐，班同宰相，賜宴盡醉而罷。 上命余睹以舊官領所部。 且諭之曰：「若能為國立功，別當獎用。」 自余睹降，益知遼人虛實矣。
Yudu wrote at length explaining why he had come over. In substance he said: 'The Liao ruler wallows in hunting and pleasure, neglects government, favors sycophants and keeps the loyal at arm's length, punishes harshly yet rewards sparingly; administration is oppressive, taxes crushing, and the people can barely survive. He added: 'The military commissioner Delidi has no ability at all—he survives by flattery—and his son Moge has been put in charge of the armies. He also said: 'The Prince of Jin, eldest son of Consort Wen, has long enjoyed public esteem and should have been made heir; Delidi, wanting the primary consort's sons—his own children—to succeed, had the prince sent out to be adopted to Consort Wen instead. He also said: 'The Prince of Jin and the imperial son-in-law Yixin plotted to restore his post as military commissioner. They confided in me and we laid a grand design together, but the scheme failed. He also said: 'I had begun to reorganize military affairs and submitted plans to the Liao ruler, but Delidi buried them and the ruler never looked into it. He also said: 'The Jin realm grows daily; I see Heaven's mandate clearly. From last spring I agreed with Yelu Shensi and others to come over this summer. I recently learned that Delidi, Gao Shinie, and others meant to strike. In the rush I could not rally distant tribes and brought only three thousand nearby households, five thousand carts, and vast herds. The northern Liao commander pursued with troops, so I abandoned my baggage train and fought my way here. Han Funu will submit a full register of offices, personnel, households, and livestock. He then came to court with his officers. The emperor received him warmly, gave him a seat equal to the chief ministers, feasted him, and sent everyone away only when the wine had done its work. The emperor let Yudu command his men under his former rank. He added: 'Serve the state well and you will be rewarded in turn. After Yudu's defection the court understood the Liao's real condition far better than before.
15
余睹在軍中屢乞侍妾及子，太祖疑之，詔咸州路都統司曰：「余睹家屬，善監護之。」 複詔曰：「余睹降時，其民多強率而來者，恐在邊生變，宜徙之內地。」 都統杲取中京，余睹為鄉導，與希尹等招撫奚部。 奉聖州降，其官吏皆遁去，余睹舉前監酒李師夔為節度使，進士沈璋為副使，州吏裴賾為觀察判官。 沈璋招集居民還業者三千餘，遷太常少卿。
In camp Yudu kept asking for concubines and to see his son. The Taizu Emperor grew suspicious and ordered the Xianzhou commander: 'Keep Yudu's family under close watch. A second edict added: 'Many of the people who came with Yudu were taken by force. Move them inland before they stir trouble on the border. When Commander Gao took the Central Capital, Yudu guided the army and, with Xiyin and others, brought the Xi tribes over by persuasion. When Fengsheng Prefecture submitted, its officials had fled. Yudu nominated the former wine superintendent Li Shikui as military commissioner, the jinshi Shen Zhang as deputy, and the clerk Pei Ze as observation commissioner. Shen Zhang brought more than three thousand people back to their homes and trades and was promoted to vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
16
久之，耶律麻者告余睹、吳十、劉剌結黨謀叛，及其未發宜先收捕。 上召余睹等從容謂之曰：「今聞汝謀叛，誠然邪，其各無隱。 若果去，必須鞍馬甲胄器械之屬，當悉付汝，吾不食言。 若再被擒，無祈免死。 欲留事我，則無懷異志，吾不汝疑。」 余睹等戰慄不能對，乃杖鐸剌七十，餘皆不問。
Long afterward Yelu Mazhe accused Yudu, Wu Shi, and Liu La of plotting rebellion together and urged that they be arrested before they could act. The emperor summoned Yudu and the others and said evenly: 'I hear you are plotting rebellion. Is it so? Speak plainly, each of you. If you truly mean to leave, you will need horses, saddles, armor, and arms—I will furnish them all. I do not go back on my word. If you are taken again, do not expect mercy. If you choose to stay and serve me, put aside any other design. I will not doubt you. Yudu and the rest shook and could not speak. Duo La alone was flogged seventy strokes; the others were let go.
17
天會三年，大舉伐宋，余睹為元帥右都監，宋兵四萬救太原，余睹、屋里海逆擊於汾河北，擒其帥郝仲連、張關索，統制馬忠，殺萬餘人。 宗翰伐宋，余睹留西京。 天會十年，余睹謀反，雲內節度使耶律奴哥等告之。 余睹亡去，其黨燕京統軍蕭高六伏誅，蔚州節度使蕭特謀自殺。 邊部斬余睹及其諸子，函其首以獻。 耶律奴哥加守太保兼侍中，趙公鑒、劉儒信、劉君輔等並授遙鎮節度使以賞之。
In Tianhui year three the court launched a major invasion of the Song. Yudu was right deputy commander-in-chief. When forty thousand Song troops marched to relieve Taiyuan, Yudu and Wulihai struck them north of the Fen, captured the generals Hao Zhonglian and Zhang Guansuo and the controller Ma Zhong, and killed more than ten thousand. While Zonghan campaigned against the Song, Yudu stayed behind at the Western Capital. In Tianhui year ten Yudu plotted rebellion. Yelu Nuge, military commissioner of Yunnei, and others exposed him. Yudu fled. His ally Xiao Gao Liu, Yanjing commander, was put to death, and Xiao Temou, military commissioner of Yu Prefecture, took his own life. Border forces hunted him down, killed Yudu and his sons, and sent their heads to court in a box. Yelu Nuge was made acting Grand Guardian and Palace Secretary; Zhao Gongjian, Liu Ruxin, Liu Junfu, and the rest received titular frontier military commissions as their reward.
18
移剌窩斡，西北路契丹部族。 先從撒八為亂，受其偽署，後殺撒八，遂有其眾。
Yila Wowa belonged to the Khitan tribes of the Northwestern Circuit. He had first followed Saba's revolt and accepted a post in his rebel regime, then killed Saba and took command of his forces.
19
撒八者，初為招討司譯史。 正隆五年，海陵征諸道兵伐宋，使牌印燥合、楊葛盡征西北路契丹丁壯，契丹人曰：「西北路接近鄰國，世世征伐，相為仇怨。 若男丁盡從軍，彼以兵來，則老弱必盡系累矣。 幸使者入朝言之。」 燥合畏罪不敢言，楊葛深念後西北有事得罪，遂以憂死。 燥合複與牌印耶律娜、尚書省令史沒答涅合督起西北路兵。 契丹聞男丁當盡起，於是撒八、孛特補與部眾殺招討使完顏沃側及燥合，而執耶律娜、沒答涅合，取招討司貯甲三千，遂反。 議立豫王延禧子孫，眾推都監老和尚為招討使，山后四群牧、山前諸群牧皆應之。 迪斡群牧使徒單賽裏、耶魯瓦群牧使鶴壽等皆遇害，語在《鶴壽傳》中。 五院司部人老和尚那也亦殺節度使術甲兀者以應撒八。
Saba had begun as an interpreter in the Pacification Commission. In Zhenglong year five the Hailing Emperor mobilized troops from every circuit for war on the Song and sent Zaohe and Yang Ge to draft every able Khitan man on the Northwestern Circuit. The Khitan protested: 'Our northwestern frontier borders foreign powers; for generations we have fought them and nursed bitter hatred. If every man is marched away and the enemy strikes, our women, children, and elderly will be carried off without a defender left. We ask you to carry this plea to the emperor. Zaohe dared not relay their plea for fear of blame. Yang Ge became consumed by the thought that any future trouble in the northwest would fall on him, and died of anxiety. Zaohe returned with the seal-bearer Yelü Na and Secretariat clerk Modaniehe to press the draft on the Northwestern Circuit. Learning that every able man was to be drafted, Saba and Betebu led their followers in killing Pacification Commissioner Wanyan Woce and Zaohe, taking Yelü Na and Modaniehe prisoner and seizing three thousand sets of armor from the commission stores before rising in revolt. The rebels debated putting a descendant of Prince Yu on the throne. The crowd raised the commandant known as Old Monk to head the Pacification Commission, and pasture offices on both sides of the mountains joined them. Diwo pasture commissioner Teshan Saili, Yelüwa pasture commissioner Heshou, and others were killed — the story is told in Heshou's biography. Old Monk Naye of the Wuyuan Department likewise killed Military Commissioner Shujiawuzhe to answer Saba's revolt.
20
會甯八猛安牧馬於山后，至迪謀魯，賊盡奪其馬。 辟沙河千戶十哥等與前招討使完顏麻潑殺烏古迪列招討使烏林答蒲盧虎，以所部趨西北路。 室魯部節度使阿廝列追擊敗之，十哥與數騎遁去，合於撒八。
Meng'an chief Huiningba was grazing horses in the northern hills. At Dimolu the rebels stripped him of every mount. Thousand-household chief Shige of Pisha River joined former Pacification Commissioner Wanyan Mapo in killing Ulinad Puluha, Pacification Commissioner of Wugudi, and led their bands toward the northwest. Asilie, military commissioner of the Shilu Department, chased them down and routed them. Shige escaped with a handful of riders and threw in with Saba.
21
咸平府謀克括裏，與所部自山后逃歸，咸平少尹完顏餘裏野欲收捕括裏家屬，括裏與其党招誘富家奴隸，數日得眾二千，遂攻陷韓州及柳河縣，遂趨咸平。 餘裏野發兵迎擊之，兵敗，賊遂據咸平，於是繕完器甲，出府庫財物以募兵，賊勢益張。 權曹家山猛安綽質，集兵千餘，扼幹夜河，賊不得東。 綽質兵敗，括裏遂犯濟州。 會宿直將軍孛術魯吳括剌徵兵于速頻路，遇括裏於信州，與猛安烏延查剌兵二千，擊敗括裏。 括裏收余眾趨東京，是時世宗為東京留守，以兵四百人拒之。 賊至常安縣，聞空中擊鼓聲如數千鼓者，候見旌旗蔽野，傳言留守以十萬兵至矣，即引還，亦以其眾合於撒八。
Kuoluo, a mouke in Xianping Prefecture, slipped back from the northern hills with his men. When Vice Prefect Wanyan Yuliye moved to arrest his family, Kuoluo and his allies recruited slaves from rich households and within days mustered two thousand fighters. They took Han Prefecture and Liuhe County and turned toward Xianping. Yuliye marched out to stop them and lost. The rebels held Xianping, refurbished arms and armor, spent the prefectural treasury to recruit men, and their power swelled. Acting meng'an chief Chuozhi of Caojiashan raised a thousand-odd troops and held the Ganye River, barring the rebels from moving east. Chuozhi was beaten, and Kuoluo pushed into Ji Prefecture. Palace duty general Beshilu Wukuo'a was raising troops on the Sufin Route when he met Kuoluo at Xin Prefecture. With meng'an chief Wuyan Chala and two thousand men he routed the rebel. Kuoluo regrouped and headed for the Eastern Capital, where the future Shizong Emperor, then regent of Dongjing, met him with four hundred troops. At Chang'an County the rebels heard what sounded like thousands of drums in the empty air and saw banners blot out the fields. Word spread that the regent had come with a hundred thousand men — they pulled back at once and rejoined Saba.
22
海陵使樞密使僕散忽土、西京留守蕭懷忠將兵一萬，與右衛將軍蕭禿剌討平之。 禿剌與之相持數日，連與戰皆無功，而糧餉不繼，禿剌退歸臨潢。 禿剌雖不能克敵，而撒八自度大軍必相繼而至，勢不可支，謀歸於大石，乃率眾沿龍駒河西出。 及僕散忽土、蕭懷忠等兵至，與禿剌合兵追至河上，不及而還。 忽土、懷忠、禿剌坐逗遛不即追賊，皆誅死。 北京留守蕭賾不能制其下，殺降人而取其婦女，亦坐誅。 於是，白彥恭為北面兵馬都統，紇石烈志寧副之，守顏彀英為西北面兵馬都統，西北路招討使唐括孛姑的副之，以討撒八等。
Hailing dispatched Privy Council Commissioner Pusan Hutu and Western Capital regent Xiao Huaizhong with ten thousand men, joined by Right Guard General Xiao Tula, to crush the rebellion. Tula locked with the rebels for days and fought again and again without result. Supplies ran dry, and he fell back to Linhuang. Tula had failed to break them, but Saba judged that imperial armies would keep coming and that he could not hold out. He meant to join Dashi and led his people west along the Longju River. When Pusan Hutu and Xiao Huaizhong arrived and combined with Tula, they chased the rebels to the river but could not catch them and turned back. Hutu, Huaizhong, and Tula were condemned for their sluggish pursuit and put to death. Northern Capital regent Xiao Ze lost control of his men, who slaughtered surrendering Khitan and seized their women. He was executed as well. Bai Yangong was appointed northern commander-in-chief with Heshilie Zhining as his deputy; Wanyan Guyin took the northwestern command with Tangqut Ligude, Pacification Commissioner of the Northwestern Circuit, as second — all to suppress Saba and his allies.
23
撒八既西行，而舊居山前者皆不欲往，偽署六院節度使移刺窩斡、兵官陳家殺撒八，執老和尚、孛特補等。 至是，窩斡始自為都元帥，陳家為都監，擁眾東還，至臨潢府東南新羅寨。 世宗使移剌紮八、前押軍謀克播斡、前牌印麻駭、利涉軍節度判官馬腦等招之。 紮八等見窩斡，以上意諭之。 窩斡已約降，已而複謂紮八曰：「若降，爾能保我輩無事乎？」 紮八曰：「我知招降耳，其他豈能必哉。」
Once Saba marched west, his followers from south of the mountains refused to follow. Yila Wowa, their self-appointed commissioner of the Six Districts, and military officer Chen Jia killed Saba and took Old Monk, Betebu, and the rest prisoner. Wowa then proclaimed himself supreme commander, made Chen Jia his chief overseer, and marched east with his host to Xinluo Stockade, southeast of Linhuang. Shizong dispatched Yila Zhaba, former escort mouke Bowo, former seal-bearer Mahai, and Lieshe Army commissioner aide Manao to offer terms. Zhaba and his party met Wowa and delivered the emperor's message. Wowa had already pledged to yield, but then he asked Zhaba, 'If we submit, can you guarantee we will not be punished? Zhaba replied, 'My charge is to offer surrender — I cannot promise anything more than that.'
24
紮八見窩斡兵眾強，車帳滿野，意其可以有成，因說之曰：「我之始來，以汝輩不能有為，今觀兵勢強盛如此，汝等欲如群羊為人所驅去乎，將欲待天時乎？ 若果有大志，吾亦不復還矣。」 賊將有前孛特本部族節度使逐斡者，言：「昔谷神丞相，賢能人也，嘗說他日西北部族當有事。 今日正合此語，恐不可降也。」 於是，窩斡遂決意不復肯降矣。 紮八亦留賊中，惟麻駭、播斡還歸。 窩斡乃引兵攻臨潢府，總管移室懣出城戰，兵少被執，賊遂圍臨潢，眾至五萬。 正隆六年十二月己亥，窩斡遂稱帝，改元天正。
Seeing Wowa's forces strong and tents stretching across the plain, Zhaba decided they might yet prevail and pressed him: 'When I arrived I thought you had no future. Look at this army — will you let yourselves be driven like sheep, or seize the moment Heaven has given you? If you mean to fight on, I will stay with you and not go back. Rebel general Zhuwo, once tribal commissioner of the Betebu department, spoke up: 'Chancellor Gushen, a wise man, once prophesied that the northwestern tribes would one day rise. That day has come. I do not believe we should surrender. At that Wowa made up his mind not to yield after all. Zhaba stayed with the rebels; only Mahai and Bowo came back. Wowa marched on Linhuang. Prefect Yishi Man rode out with too few men, was taken prisoner, and the rebels invested the city with a force of fifty thousand. On jihai, twelfth month, Zhenglong 6, Wowa proclaimed himself emperor and adopted the era name Tianzheng.
25
是時，北面都統白彥敬、副統紇石烈志寧在北京，聞世宗即位，以兵來歸。 世宗使元帥左都監吾紮忽、同知北京留守事完顏骨只救臨潢，晝夜兼行，比至臨潢，賊已解圍去攻泰州。 吾紮忽追及於窊曆，兩軍已陣將戰，押軍猛安契丹忽剌叔以所部兵應賊，吾紮忽軍遂敗。
Northern supreme commander Bai Yanjing and his deputy Heshilie Zhining were at Beijing. When they learned Shizong had taken the throne, they marched their armies to his side. Shizong sent left army supervisor Wuzhahu and co-regent of Beijing Wanyan Guzhi to relieve Linhuang. They forced the march day and night, but when they arrived the rebels had already broken off the siege and were striking at Taizhou. Wuzhahu caught them at Wali just as both sides were forming for battle. Escort meng'an Hulashu, a Khitan, went over to the rebels with his unit, and Wuzhahu's force was routed.
26
泰州節度使烏裏雅率千餘騎與窩斡遇，烏裏雅兵複敗，僅以數騎脫歸。 賊勢愈振，城中震駭，莫敢出戰。 賊四面登城，押軍猛安烏古孫阿裏補率軍士數人，各持刀以身率先循城擊賊力戰，斫刈甚眾，賊乃退走，城賴以完。 泰州司吏顏盞蒲查奏捷，除忠翊校尉，賜銀五十兩、重彩十端。
Taizhou commissioner Wuliya met Wowa with a thousand horsemen, was beaten again, and got back with only a handful of mounts. Rebel momentum surged. Terror gripped the city, and no one would sally out. Rebels scaled the walls from every side. Escort meng'an Wugusun Alibu led a few soldiers along the ramparts, blades in hand, cutting down rebels in the forefront of the fight until the assault broke — and the city held. Clerk Yanzhan Pucha brought word of the victory. He was made Loyal Assistant Commandant and given fifty taels of silver and ten bolts of fine silk.
27
二年正月，右副元帥完顏謀衍率諸軍北征窩斡。 二月壬戌詔曰：「應諸人若能於契丹賊中自拔歸者，更不問元初首從及被威脅之由，奴婢、良人罪無輕重並行免放。 曾有官職及糾率人眾來歸者，仍與官賞，依本品量材敘使。 其同來人各從所願處收系，有才能者亦與錄用。 內外官員郎君群牧直撒百姓人家驅奴、宮籍監人等，並放為良，亦從所願處收系，與免三年差役。 或能捕殺首領而歸者，准上施行，仍驗勞績約量遷賞。 如捕獲窩斡者，猛安加三品官授節度使，謀克加四品官授防禦使，庶人加五品官授刺史。」 詔曰：「尚書省，如節度防禦使捉獲窩斡者與世襲猛安，刺史捉獲者與世襲謀克，驅奴、宮籍監人亦與庶人同。」 複詔宰臣，遍諭將士，能捕殺窩斡者加特進、授真總管。
In the first month of year two, right deputy commander Wanyan Mouyan led the armies north against Wowa. On renxu, second month, an edict declared: 'Anyone who breaks away from the Khitan rebels and returns will not be questioned about original leadership or coercion. Bond servants and freemen alike, whatever their offense, shall be fully pardoned. Former officials and those who bring followers back will still receive offices and rewards, appointed according to their former rank and ability. Those who come with them may settle wherever they choose; capable men among them will also be given posts. Officials' dependents, pasture clerks, household slaves, palace-registry slaves — all are to be made freemen, registered where they wish, and exempt from labor levies for three years. Those who capture or kill rebel leaders shall receive the same benefits, with promotion scaled to their merit. Whoever captures Wowa will receive: for a meng'an, promotion by three ranks to military commissioner; for a mouke, four ranks to defense commissioner; for a commoner, five ranks to prefect. A further edict to the Secretariat: military and defense commissioners who capture Wowa receive a hereditary meng'an; prefects receive a hereditary mouke; slaves and palace-registry bondservants are treated as commoners. The chief ministers were also ordered to proclaim to every soldier: whoever kills or captures Wowa will be raised to extraordinary advancement and made supreme commander in full.
28
於是，括裏將犯韓州，聞元帥兵至，不戰遁去，將轉趨懿、宜州。 謀衍屯懿州慶雲縣，及屯川州武平縣，奏請糧運當遣人護送，兵仗乞選精良者付之。 詔以南征逃還軍士就往屯戍，如不足，量于富家簽調，就近地簽步軍，給仗護送糧運。 詔平章政事移剌元宜往泰州規措邊事。 前安遠大將軍斡裏嫋、猛安七斤、庶人阿裏葛、磨哥等自窩斡中來降，斡裏嫋、七斤加昭武大將軍，阿裏葛武義將軍，磨哥忠勇校尉。
Kuoluo was heading for Han Prefecture when he heard the commander's army was near. He slipped away without a fight and turned toward Yi and Yizhou. Mouyan camped at Qingyun in Yi Prefecture and Wuping in Chuan Prefecture. He asked that supply convoys be escorted and that the best arms be issued to the guards. An edict directed deserters from the southern campaign to garrison duty. If numbers fell short, wealthy households were to supply men, local infantry were to be drafted nearby, armed and assigned to escort the grain. Grand councilor Yila Yuanyi was ordered to Taizhou to manage frontier affairs. Former pacification grand general Woli Niao, meng'an Qijin, and commoners Alige and Moge defected from Wowa's camp. Woli Niao and Qijin were made Illustrious Martial Grand Generals; Alige became Martial Righteousness General; Moge, Loyal Valor Commandant.
29
窩斡遂自泰州往攻濟州，欲邀糧運。 元帥完顏謀衍與右監軍完顏福壽、左都監吾紮忽合兵，甲士萬三千人，曷懶路總管徒單克甯、廣甯尹僕散渾坦、同知廣甯尹完顏岩雅、肇州防禦使唐括烏也為左翼，臨海節度使紇石烈志寧、曷速館節度使神土懣、同知北京留守完顏骨只、淄州刺史尼龐古鈔兀為右翼，至術虎崖，盡委輜重，士卒齎數日糧，輕騎襲之。
Wowa left Taizhou to strike at Ji Prefecture, hoping to cut off the supply lines. Commander Wanyan Mouyan combined with right supervisor Wanyan Fushou and left supervisor Wuzhahu — thirteen thousand armored men in all. Teshan Kening, Pusan Huntan, Wanyan Yanya, and Tangqut Wuye led the left; Heshilie Zhining, Shentu Man, Wanyan Guzhi, and Nipanggu Chaowu the right. At Shuhuya they stripped away all baggage, gave each man a few days' rations, and swept in with light cavalry.
30
糺椀群牧人契丹颭者，與其弟孛迭、挼剌，皆棄家自賊中來降。 糺者謂謀衍曰：「賊中馬肥健，官軍馬疲弱，此去賊八十里，比遇賊馬已憊。 賊輜重去此不遠，我攻之，賊必救其巢穴，賊至馬必疲，我馬少得息，所謂攻其所必救，以逸待勞者也。」 謀衍從之，乘夜亟發，會大風路暗不能辨，遲明行三十里許，與賊輜重相近，整兵少憩。 窩斡趨濟州，知大軍取其輜重，乃還救，遇於長濼。 既陣，謀衍別設伏於左翼之側，賊四百餘騎突出左翼伏兵之間，徒單克寧射卻之。 是日，別部諸將與賊對者，勝負未分，相去五里許而立。 左翼萬戶襄別與賊戰，賊陣動，襄麾軍乘之，突出其後，俱與大軍不相及。 襄以善射者二十騎，率眾自賊後擊之，賊不能支，乘勢麾軍擊其一偏，賊遂卻。 襄遂與大軍合，而別部諸將皆至，整陣力戰，忽反風揚砂石，賊陣亂，官軍馳擊，大破之。 追北十餘裏，斬獲甚眾。 詔以糺者為武義將軍，孛迭昭信校尉，挼剌忠翊校尉。 糺除同知建州事，未之官，卒。 孛迭取家賊中，遂被害，上憫之，後以挼剌為汝州都巡檢使。
Jiu, a Khitan of the Jiuwan pasture office, and his brothers Beidie and Ruola all deserted their homes and defected from the rebel camp. Jiu told Mouyan, 'The rebels' mounts are fresh and strong; ours are spent. They are eighty li away — by the time we reach them their horses will be tired. Their baggage train is close by. Strike it and they must come to its defense — their horses will be blown, ours will have caught breath. That is the classic move: hit what they cannot abandon and meet fatigue with fresh strength. Mouyan took his counsel and marched hard through the night. A gale blotted out the road; at first light they had covered some thirty li and were near the rebel baggage. They formed up and rested briefly. Wowa was hurrying toward Ji Prefecture when he learned the imperial army had seized his baggage. He swung back to save it and met them at Chang Marsh. As the armies formed, Mouyan hid troops on the left flank. Four hundred rebel riders burst through the gap; Teshan Kening drove them off with arrows. That day the detached commanders facing the rebels were still locked in stalemate, their lines some five li apart. Left-wing commander Xiangbie engaged the rebels. When their line wavered he pressed the attack, swung behind them, and was cut off from the main force. Xiang took twenty crack archers and hit the rebels from the rear. They buckled; he pressed one flank and the enemy gave ground. Xiang rejoined the main army as the detached commanders came up. They formed and fought hard; then the wind shifted, sand and gravel flew into the rebel ranks, and the imperial cavalry charged home for a crushing victory. The pursuit ran more than ten li; the slaughter and captures were immense. Jiu was made Martial Righteousness General; Beidie, Bright Trust Commandant; Ruola, Loyal Assistant Commandant. Jiu was named co-administrator of Jian Prefecture but died before he could take office. Beidie went back into rebel territory to bring out his family and was killed. The emperor mourned him, and later made Ruola chief inspector of Ruzhou.
31
窩斡率其眾西走，謀衍追及之於霿𩃭河。 賊已濟，毀其津口，紇石烈志寧軍先至，不克渡，乃對岸為疑兵，以夾穀清臣、徒單海羅兩萬戶於下流渡河，值支港兩岸鬥絕且濘淖，命軍士束柳填港而過。 追之數裏，得平地，方食，賊眾奄至。 志寧軍急整陣，賊自南岡馳下，沖陣者三，志寧力戰，流矢中左臂，戰自若。 大軍畢至，左翼騎兵先與賊接，賊據上風縱火，乘煙擊官軍，官軍步兵亦至，並力合戰，凡十余合，軍士苦風煙皆植立如癡。 會天降雨，風止，官軍奮擊，大敗之。 徒單克寧追奔十五里，賊前厄溪澗不得亟渡，多殺傷。 賊既渡，官軍亦渡，少憩，賊反旆來攻，克甯以大軍不繼，令軍士皆下馬射賊。 賊引卻而南，克寧亦將引而北，士未及騎馬，賊複來衝突，官軍少卻，回渡澗北。 大軍至，賊遂引去。
Wowa fled west with his host, and Mouyan caught him at the Mengjing River. The rebels had crossed and wrecked the ford. Heshilie Zhining arrived first but could not get over; he feinted on the far bank while Jiagu Qingchen and Teshan Hailuo forded downstream. At a side channel with sheer banks and mud they had the men pack willow bundles into the mire and cross. They chased several li to open ground and had just begun to eat when the rebels fell upon them. Zhining's men scrambled into formation as the rebels swept down from the southern ridge and broke their line three times. An arrow struck Zhining's left arm; he fought on without flinching. The main force came up; left-wing cavalry met the rebels first. The rebels held the windward side, set fires, and struck through the smoke. Infantry joined in; the fight ran through more than ten clashes. Choked by wind and smoke, the soldiers stood frozen as if stunned. Rain fell, the wind died, and the imperial troops surged forward for a decisive rout. Teshan Kening chased them fifteen li. Streams and gullies blocked the rebels' path; many were cut down before they could cross. Once the rebels were across, the imperial troops crossed too and paused. The rebels wheeled about and attacked. With the main force not yet up, Kening had his men dismount and shoot. The rebels pulled back south; Kening meant to withdraw north. Before his men could remount the rebels charged again. The imperial line gave ground and recrossed to the north bank. When the main force came up, the rebels broke off and withdrew.
32
四月，詔元帥府曰； 「應契丹賊人，與大兵未戰已前投降者，不得殺傷，仍加安撫。 敗走以後，招誘來降者，除奴婢准已虜為定外，親屬分付圓聚。 仍官為換贖。」
In the fourth month the court addressed the commander-in-chief's headquarters: 'Khitan rebels who surrender before battle must not be harmed and shall be treated with leniency. Those who surrender after defeat shall have their families reunited; bond servants already taken captive are excepted. The state will also redeem them at public expense.'
33
窩斡既敗，謀衍不復追討，駐軍白濼。 窩斡攻懿州不克，遂殘破川州，將遁於山西，而北京亦不邀擊之。 於是，發驍騎軍二千、曷懶路留屯京師軍三千，號稱二萬，會寧濟州軍六千亦號二萬。 元帥左都監高忠建總兵，沃州刺史烏古論蒲查為曷懶路押軍萬戶，祁州刺史烏林答剌撒為濟州押軍萬戶，右驍騎副都指揮使烏延查剌為驍騎萬戶，祁州刺史宗甯為會甯路押軍萬戶，右宣徽使宗亨為北京路都統，吏部郎中完顏達吉為副統，會元帥府討擊之。
After Wowa's defeat Mouyan stopped the pursuit and camped at Bai Marsh. Wowa failed to take Yi Prefecture, laid waste to Chuan Prefecture, and was slipping toward western Shanxi — yet Beijing never moved to block him. Two thousand elite cavalry were called out, plus three thousand Yilan troops from the capital garrison — billed as twenty thousand. Six thousand from Huining and Ji Prefecture were likewise counted as twenty thousand. Left army supervisor Gao Zhongjian took overall command. Wugulun Pucha of Wo Prefecture led the Yilan escort force; Ulinad Lasa of Qi Prefecture the Ji escort; Wuyan Chala, deputy commander of elite cavalry, the cavalry wing; Zongning of Qi Prefecture the Huining escort. Right palace intendant Zongheng commanded the Beijing route with Wanyan Daji of the Ministry of Personnel as his deputy. They joined headquarters to hunt the rebels down.
34
詔使尚廄局副使蒲察蒲盧渾往懿州戒敕將帥，上曰：「朕委卿等討賊，乃聞不就賊趨戰，而駐兵閑緩，經涉累月，雖曾追襲，乃不由有水草之地，以致馬疲弱不能百里而還。 後雖破賊，而縱諸軍劫掠，數日後方追北霿𩃭河，亦不乘勝，輒複引還。 賊遂入涉近地，北京、懿州由此受兵。 朕欲重譴汝等，以方任兵事，且圖後功。 當盡心一力，毋得似前怠弛。」 上謂蒲盧渾曰：「卿若聞賊在近，即當監督討伐。 用命力戰者疏記以聞，朕將約量遷賞。 無或承徇上官，抑有功、濫署無功者。 善戢士卒、勿縱虜掠。」 以紇石烈志甯為元帥右監軍，右副元帥完顏謀衍、元帥右監軍完顏福壽召還京師，咸平路總管完顏兀帶復舊職。 謀衍男斜哥在軍中多暴橫，詔押歸本管。 窩斡使所親招節度使移裏堇窟域，窟域執其使送官，與窩斡連戰有功，遷宣武將軍，賜銀五百兩、衣二襲。 起運在中都弓萬五千、箭一百五十萬赴懿州。
Deputy director of the Imperial Stud Bureau Pucha Puluhun was sent to Yi Prefecture to rebuke the commanders. The emperor said, 'I charged you with destroying these rebels, yet you linger in camp instead of closing with the enemy — for months. When you did pursue, you avoided watered pasture; your horses broke down and could not even run a hundred li. Even after you beat them you let the troops loot at will. Days passed before you chased them to the Mengjing River — and then you failed to press the advantage and pulled back again. The rebels slipped into the settled districts; Beijing and Yi Prefecture bore the brunt of their raids. I mean to punish you severely, but you are still in command — I will look for better work from you hereafter. Give your full effort. There must be no repeat of such slackness. The emperor told Puluhun, 'When you hear the rebels are close, you must ride out and oversee the fighting. Record every man who fights hard and obey orders; I will weigh their merit and promote them accordingly. No one is to curry favor with superiors, pass over men who have earned credit, or put unearned names on the rolls. Keep your soldiers under tight discipline and do not let them run wild in pillage. Heshilie Zhining was appointed right army supervisor at headquarters. Wanyan Mouyan and Wanyan Fushou were recalled to the capital, and Wanyan Udai resumed his old post as Xianping Route administrator. Mouyan's son Xiege had bullied his way through the camp; the court ordered him sent back under guard to his own district. Wowa sent a trusted man to turn military commissioner Yilieqin Kudiyu. Kudiyu arrested the envoy and handed him over. For steady service against Wowa he was made Xuanwu General and given five hundred taels of silver and two suits of robes. Fifteen thousand bows and a million and a half arrows were shipped from the Central Capital to Yizhou.
35
平章政事移剌元宜、甯昌軍節度使宗敘入見，詔使自中道卻還軍中，宣諭元宜、謀衍注意經略邊事。 師久無功，尚書右丞僕散忠義願效死力除邊患，世宗嘉歎。 六月，忠義拜平章政事兼右副元帥，宗敘為兵部尚書，各賜弓矢、具鞍勒馬。 出內府金銀十萬兩佐軍用。 詔曰：「軍中將士有犯，除連職奏聞，餘依軍法約量決責，有功者依格遷賞。」 以大名尹宗尹為河南路統軍使，河南路統軍都監蒲察世傑為西北路副統，賜弓矢佩刀廄馬，從忠義征行。 詔諭諸軍將士曰：「兵久駐邊陲，蠹費財用無成功，百姓不得休息。 今命平章政事僕散忠義兼右副元帥，同心戮力以底戡定。 右副元帥謀衍罷為同判大宗正事。」
Grand councilor Yila Yuanyi and Ningchang commissioner Zongxu were summoned to court, then sent back to the field with orders that Yuanyi and Mouyan focus on managing the frontier war. The campaign had dragged on without victory. Vice Minister Pusan Zhongyi volunteered to stake his life on clearing the border threat, and Shizong praised him warmly. In the sixth month Zhongyi became grand councilor and right deputy commander; Zongxu was named minister of war. Both received bows, quivers, and saddle horses from the imperial stables. A hundred thousand taels of gold and silver from the palace treasury were released for the campaign. An edict declared: 'Offenses in the ranks — except where linked offices require a report to the throne — are to be punished under military law as each case warrants. Merit will be rewarded by the usual rules. Zong Yin of Daming was appointed Henan Route commander; Pucha Shijie, his deputy supervisor, became Northwestern Route second-in-command. Both received arms, swords, and horses and marched with Zhongyi. The court told every soldier: 'You have sat on the border too long, draining the treasury for nothing, while the people never get peace. Grand Councilor Pusan Zhongyi now commands as right deputy commander. Stand together and finish this war. Right Deputy Commander Mouyan was relieved and made co-administrator of the Imperial Clan Court.'
36
詔居庸關、古北口譏察契丹奸細，捕獲者加官賞。 萬戶溫蒂罕阿魯帶以兵四千屯古北口，薊州、石門關等處各以五百人守之。 海陵末年，阿魯帶為猛安，移剌娜為牌印祗候，起契丹部族兵被執，至是挺身來降。 世宗以阿魯帶為濟州押軍萬戶，移剌娜為同知濼州事。
Guards at Juyong Pass and Gubeikou were ordered to hunt Khitan spies; captors would receive promotion and bounty. Wendihan Aludai took four thousand men to Gubeikou. Jizhou, Shimen Pass, and other posts each received five hundred defenders. Under Hailing, Aludai had been a meng'an and Yila Na a seal attendant. Both were pressed into rebel levies and seized; now they came in person to surrender. Shizong made Aludai garrison commander of ten thousand at Jizhou and Yila Na co-administrator of Luozhou.
37
西南路招討使完顏思敬為都統，賜金牌一、銀牌二，西北路招討使唐括孛古底副之。 以兵五千往會燕子城舊戍軍，視地形沖要或於狗濼屯駐，遠斥候，賊至即戰，不以晝夜為限。 詔思敬曰：「契丹賊敗必走山后，可選新馬三千，加芻纇以備追襲。」
Southwestern pacification commissioner Wanyan Sijing became supreme commander with one gold tally and two silver ones. Tangqut Ligude of the Northwestern Route served under him. He marched five thousand men to join the old garrison at Swallow City, then camped at Gouluo where the ground favored defense. Scouts were pushed far ahead; whenever rebels appeared he was to fight, day or night. Sijing was told: 'Beaten Khitan rebels will run for the country behind the mountains. Keep three thousand fresh horses fed and ready for the chase.'
38
僕散忠義至軍中。 是時，窩斡西走花道，眾尚八萬。 忠義、高忠建軍與賊遇，萬戶查剌、蒲查為左翼，宗亨統之； 宗寧、剌撒為右翼，宗敘統之； 世傑亦在左翼中，與賊夾河為陣。 賊渡河，以兵四萬餘先犯左翼軍，查剌以六百騎奮擊敗之。 複以四萬眾與左翼軍戰，宗亨、世傑七謀克指畫失宜，陣亂敗於賊。 世傑挺身投于查剌軍中，賊圍查剌軍，查剌力戰，宗敘以右翼軍來救，賊乃去。
Pusan Zhongyi reached the front. Wowa was then fleeing west along Huadao with a host still eighty thousand strong. Zhongyi and Gao Zhongjian met the rebels. Zhala and Pucha led the left wing under Zongheng; Zongning and Lasa held the right under Zongxu; Shijie fought on the left as well. The armies drew up on opposite banks of the river. The rebels forded the river and hit the left with more than forty thousand men. Zhala answered with six hundred riders and drove them back. A second wave of forty thousand fell on the left. Zongheng and Shijie's seven mouke misdirected the line; the wing broke and was beaten. Shijie threw himself into Zhala's ranks as rebels closed around them. Zhala held hard until Zongxu brought the right wing up and the enemy pulled away.
39
詔曰：「自契丹作逆，有為賊詿誤者，不問如何從賊，但能複業，與免本罪。 如能率眾來附，或能殺捕首領而降，或執送賊所扇誘作亂之人，皆與量加官爵。 朕念正隆南征，猛安亡者招還被戮，已命其子孫襲其職。 爾等勿懲前事，故懷遲疑。 賊軍今既破散，山后諸處皆命將士遏其逃路，爾等雖欲不降終將安往？ 若猶疑貳，俱就焚滅，悔及矣。」
An edict promised: 'Since the Khitan revolt, anyone misled into rebel service — no matter how he fell in — will be forgiven if he returns to honest work. Lead your people in, kill or capture rebel leaders, or hand over men the rebels stirred up — in every case rank and reward will follow. Remember the Zhenglong southern campaign: meng'an who fled and came back were killed. I have already ordered their sons and grandsons to inherit their offices. Do not let old fears make you hesitate now. The rebel host is broken. Every pass behind the mountains is blocked. If you still refuse to yield, where will you run? Hold out in divided loyalty and you will all be burned out — too late for regret then.'
40
窩斡自花道西走，僕散忠義、紇石烈志甯以大軍追及於嫋嶺西陷泉。 明日，賊軍三萬騎涉水而東。 大軍先據南岡，左翼軍自岡為陣，迤邐而北，步軍繼之，右翼軍繼步軍北引而東，作偃月陣，步軍居中，騎兵據其兩端，使賊不見首尾。 是日，大霧晦冥，既陣霧開，少頃晴霽，賊見左翼據南岡不敢擊，擊右翼軍，烏延查剌力戰，賊稍卻。 志甯與夾穀清臣、烏林答剌撒、鐸剌合戰，賊大敗，將涉水去，泥濘不得亟渡。 大軍逐北，人馬相蹂踐而死，不可勝數，陷泉皆平，餘眾蹈籍而過，或奔潰竄匿林莽間。 大軍踵擊之，俘斬萬計，生擒其弟偽六院司大王嫋。 窩斡僅與數騎脫去，鈔兀、清臣追四十餘裏不及，斬千餘級，獲車帳甚眾。 其母徐輦舉營自落括岡西走，志寧追之，盡獲輜重，俘五萬餘人，雜畜不可勝計。 偽節度使六及其部族皆降。
Wowa fled west from Huadao. Pusan Zhongyi and Heshilie Zhining caught him with the main army west of Niaoling at Xianquan. The next day thirty thousand rebel riders forded the stream and headed east. The imperial army took the southern ridge first. The left wing lined the slope and curled north, infantry behind it; the right followed the foot soldiers north, then swung east into a crescent — infantry in the center, cavalry at both horns — so the rebels could not tell front from rear. That day thick fog shrouded the field. As the lines formed the mist lifted and the sky cleared. Seeing the left on the southern ridge, the rebels refused to hit it and turned on the right. Wuyan Zhala fought hard and pushed them back a little. Zhining closed with Jiagu Qingchen, Ulinad Lasa, and Dola and broke the rebels. They tried to flee through the water but the mud held them fast. The main force chased them down. Men and horses piled on one another until Xianquan ran level with corpses. Survivors trampled over the dead to escape, or scattered into the woods. The pursuit went on. Tens of thousands were killed or captured, including Wowa's brother Niao, the rebels' self-styled Great King of the Six Districts. Wowa got away with only a handful of riders. Chaowu and Qingchen chased forty li without catching him, but cut down more than a thousand and took vast numbers of carts and tents. Wowa's mother Xulian broke camp west from Luoguo Ridge. Zhining ran her down, seized the entire baggage train, took more than fifty thousand prisoners, and uncounted livestock. The rebel commissioner Liu and his clans submitted.
41
詔北京副統完顏達吉括本部馬，規辦芻糧，仍使達吉為監戰官，錄有功者聞奏。 詔選中都、西京兩路新舊軍萬人備守禦，以窩斡敗走，恐或衝突也。
Beijing deputy commander Wanyan Dajiguo was ordered to gather his own horses, lay in fodder, serve as battle overseer, and report every man who earned credit. Ten thousand veterans and recruits from the Central and Western Capital routes were picked for home defense — Wowa was beaten but might still lash out.
42
僕散忠義使使奏捷，詔略曰：「平章政事右副元帥忠義使使來奏大捷。 或被軍俘獲，或自能來服，或無所歸而投拜，或將全屬歸附，或分領家族來降，或嘗受偽命，及自來曾與官軍鬥敵，皆釋其罪。 其散亡人內，除窩斡一身，不以大小官員是何名色，卻來歸附者，亦准釋放。 有能誅捕窩斡，或於不從招納亡去人內誅捕以來，及或能率眾于掌軍官及隨處官司投降者，並給官賞。 各路撫納來者，毋得輒加侵損。 無資給者，不以是何路分，隨有糧處安置，仍官為養濟。」
Pusan Zhongyi's messengers brought word of victory. The edict read in part: 'Grand Councilor and Right Deputy Commander Zhongyi reports a great victory. Prisoners of war, willing submitters, men with nowhere else to turn, whole clans coming over, partial groups surrendering, even those who took rebel titles or once fought us — all are pardoned. Of the scattered rebels, every man who comes in is freed — whatever rank he held — except Wowa himself. Kill or capture Wowa, seize fugitives who refused the summons, or bring your people to any camp commander or local office — in every case there will be rank and reward. Every route that receives surrendering men must not harass or rob them. Men without supplies are to be settled wherever grain can be found, on any route, and fed at public expense.'
43
窩斡收合散卒萬餘人，遂入奚部，以諸奚自益，時時出兵寇速魯古澱、古北口、興化之間。 溫蒂罕阿魯帶守古北口，與戰敗焉。 詔完顏謀衍、蒲察烏裏雅、蒲察蒲盧渾以兵三千，合舊屯兵五千，擊之。 詔守顏思敬以所部兵入奚地，會大軍討窩斡。
Wowa regrouped more than ten thousand stragglers and slipped into Xi country, swelling his ranks with Xi tribesmen. He raided between Sulugu Marsh, Gubeikou, and Xinghua. Wendihan Aludai held Gubeikou and was beaten. Wanyan Mouyan, Pucha Wuliya, and Pucha Puluhun were sent with three thousand men to join the five thousand already on station and hit Wowa's force. Wanyan Sijing was ordered into Xi country with his command to link up with the main force hunting Wowa.
44
賊黨霿𩃭河猛安蒲速越遣人至帥府約降，詔令擒捕窩斡，許以官賞。 賊將降者甚眾。 其散走者聞詔書招降，亦多降者。 其餘多疾疫而死，無複鬥志。 窩斡自度勢窮，乃謀自羊城道西京奔夏國，大軍追之益急，其眾複多亡去，度不得西，乃北走沙陀間。 詔尚書省：「凡脅從之家被俘掠遂致離散，宜從改正。 將士往往藏匿其人，有司檢括分付。」
Rebel meng'an Pusuyue of the Menglong River sent envoys to headquarters to discuss surrender. He was told to seize Wowa and promised rank and reward. Rebel officers surrendered in great numbers. Scattered fugitives who heard the surrender edict came in as well. Most of the rest died of plague and lost the will to fight. Seeing his cause lost, Wowa planned to run west through Yangcheng toward the Western Capital and into Xia territory. The pursuit tightened and more men slipped away. Blocked from the west, he turned north into the Shatuo country. The Secretariat was told: 'Families of men forced into rebel service, then captured and scattered, are to be set right as each case requires. Soldiers often hide these people. Officials must search them out and return them to their families.'
45
監軍志寧獲賊稍合住，釋而弗殺，縱還賊中，使誘其親近捕窩斡以自效，許以官賞。 九月庚子，稍合住與神獨斡執窩斡，詣右都臨完顏思敬降，並獲其母徐輦及其妻、子、子婦、弟、侄，盡收偽金銀牌印。 唐括孛古底獲前胡裏改節度使什溫及其家屬。 西北路招討使李家奴獲偽樞密使逐斡等三十餘人，複與猛安泥本婆果追偽監軍那也至天成縣，那也乃降，乃獲偽都元帥醜哥及金牌一、銀牌五。 志甯與清臣、宗甯、速哥等追餘黨至燕子城，盡得其黨。 前至抹拔裏達之地，悉獲之，逆党遂平。
Supervisor Zhining took the rebel Shaohezhu alive, freed him, and sent him back to turn his comrades against Wowa — capture the leader and earn rank and reward. On gengzi in the ninth month Shaohezhu and Shenduwo seized Wowa and surrendered to Wanyan Sijing. They took his mother Xulian, wife, sons, daughters-in-law, brother, and nephews, and recovered every false gold tally, silver tally, and seal. Tangqut Ligude took the former Huligai commissioner Shiwen and his household. Northwestern pacification commissioner Li Jianu seized more than thirty rebels, including the false privy commissioner Zhuwo. With meng'an Niben Boguo he chased false supervisor Naye to Tiancheng; Naye yielded, and they took the false supreme commander Chouge plus one gold tally and five silver ones. Zhining, Qingchen, Zongning, Suge, and the rest ran the remnant to Swallow City and took them all. They pushed on to Mobalida, rounded up everyone left, and the rebellion was finished.
46
甲辰，皇太子率百官上表賀。 乙巳，詔天下。 辛亥，完顏思敬獻俘于京師，窩斡梟首於市，磔其手足，分懸諸京府。 其母徐輦及妻子皆戮之。 契丹降人皆拘其器仗，貧不能自給者官為養濟。
On jiachen the crown prince led the court in a memorial of congratulation. On yisi the victory was proclaimed to the realm. On xinhai Wanyan Sijing presented the prisoners in the capital. Wowa's head was hung in the market, his limbs quartered and displayed in cities across the realm. His mother Xulian, wife, and sons were put to death. Surrendering Khitan were disarmed. Those too poor to live on their own were fed at public expense.
47
括裏、紮八率眾南走，詔左宣徽使宗亨追及之。 紮八詐稱降，宗亨信其言，遂不與戰。 紮八紿之曰：「括裏驚走，願追之。」 宗亨縱紮八去。 益都猛安欲以所部追括裏、紮八，宗亨恐分其功，不聽，而縱軍士取賊所棄資囊人畜而自有之。 括裏、紮入由是得亡去，遂奔于宋。 宗亨降甯州剌史。 其後，宋李世輔用括裏、紮八，遂取宿州，頗為邊患。
Kuoli and Zhaba fled south with their bands. Left palace intendant Zongheng was sent in pursuit. Zhaba feigned surrender. Zongheng believed him and held his men back. Zhaba lied: 'Kuoli bolted in fright. Let me chase him. Zongheng released Zhaba. The Yidu meng'an asked to chase Kuoli and Zhaba with his own men. Zongheng refused — he did not want to share the credit — and let his soldiers loot the rebels' abandoned goods, livestock, and captives for themselves. Kuoli and Zhaba got away and fled to Song territory. Zongheng was reduced to prefect of Ningzhou. Later Song general Li Shifu used Kuoli and Zhaba to seize Suzhou, and they became a serious border nuisance.
48
神獨斡除同知安化軍節度使，稍合住除同知震武軍節度使事。 大定六年，點檢司奏，親軍中有逆黨子弟，請一切罷去。 詔曰：「身預逆黨者罷之，餘勿問。」
Shenduwo became co-commissioner of the Anhua Army; Shaohezhu co-commissioner of the Zhenwu Army. In Dading 6 the Palace Inspection Office reported sons of rebel families in the personal guard and asked that all be removed. The reply was blunt: 'Dismiss only those who joined the rebels themselves. Leave the rest alone.'
49
贊曰：金人以燕山與宋，遂啟張覺跳樑之心，覺豈為宋者哉，蓋欲乘時以徼利耳。 耶律余睹從宗望追天祚，曾不遺餘力，功成驕溢，自取誅滅，咈哉。 正隆佳兵，契丹作難，《傳》曰：「夫兵猶火也，弗戢將自焚。」 可不戒哉！
Commentary: Ceding the Yan Mountains to the Song stirred Zhang Jue's desperate ambition — but Jue was no friend of Song. He only meant to profit from the moment. Yelü Yudu followed Zongwang against Tianzuo and held nothing back. Victory made him arrogant, and he walked himself to the execution ground — a bitter end. Zhenglong glorified war, and the Khitan revolt answered. As the Commentary says: 'War is fire; fail to bank it and you burn yourself.' Let that be a warning!'