1
外國下
Foreign States, Continued
2
高麗國王，王楷。 其地鴨綠江以東，曷懶路以南，東南皆至於海。 自遼時，歲時遣使修貢，事具《遼史》。
The king of Goryeo was Wang Kai. Its territory extended east of the Yalu River and south of the Halin Route, with the southeast bounded entirely by the sea. Since the Liao period it had sent annual tribute missions; the details are given in the 《History of Liao》.
3
唐初，靺鞨有粟末、黑水兩部，皆臣屬於高麗。 唐滅高麗，粟末保東牟山漸強大，號渤海，姓大氏，有文物禮樂。 至唐末稍衰，自後不復有聞。 金伐遼，渤海來歸，蓋其遺裔也。 黑水靺鞨居古肅慎地，有山曰白山，蓋長白山，金國之所起焉。 女直雖舊屬高麗，不復相通者久矣。 及金滅遼，高麗以事遼舊禮稱臣于金。
In the early Tang, the Mohe were divided into the Sumo and Heishui branches, both of which acknowledged Goryeo as their overlord. After the Tang conquered Goryeo, the Sumo Mohe who held Dongmoushan grew steadily stronger, proclaimed the state of Bohai under the Da clan, and developed a full court culture with rites and music. By the late Tang it had begun to wane, and after that it vanished from the record. When the Jin campaigned against the Liao, the Bohai submitted—they were likely descendants of that former state. The Heishui Mohe inhabited the old territory of the Sushen. They had a mountain called White Mountain—likely Changbai Mountain—where the Jin state had its origins. The Jurchen had once been under Goryeo's sway, but the two peoples had been out of contact for a long time. After the Jin overthrew the Liao, Goryeo acknowledged Jin suzerainty using the same ceremonial forms it had formerly observed toward the Liao.
4
初，有醫者善治疾，本高麗人，不知其始自何而來，亦不著其姓名，居女直之完顏部。 穆宗時戚屬有疾，此醫者診視之，穆宗謂醫者曰：「汝能使此人病癒，則吾遣人送汝歸汝鄉國。」 醫者曰：「諾。」 其人疾果愈，穆宗乃以初約歸之。 乙離骨嶺僕散部胡石來勃堇居高麗、女直之兩間，穆宗使族人叟阿招之，因使叟阿送醫者，歸之高麗境上。 醫者歸至高麗，因謂高麗人，女直居黑水部者部族日強，兵益精悍，年穀屢稔。 高麗王聞之。 乃通使於女直。 既而，胡石來來歸，遂率乙離骨嶺東諸部皆內附。
Early on there was a physician renowned for his skill. A native of Goryeo, he had come from parts unknown and left no name in the record; he settled among the Wanyan Jurchen. In the reign of Emperor Muzong a royal kinsman fell ill, and this physician was called to treat him. Muzong told the physician, "If you can cure him, I will have you escorted home to your own country." The physician answered, "I shall." The patient recovered, and Muzong honored his original promise and sent the physician home. Hushilai, a Pusan chieftain at Yiliguri Ridge, lived between Goryeo and Jurchen territory. Muzong dispatched his kinsman Sou'a to summon him and, at the same time, to escort the physician back to the Goryeo frontier. Back in Goryeo, the physician warned the court that the Jurchen of the Heishui branch were growing stronger by the day, their warriors ever more formidable, and their harvests consistently plentiful. The king of Goryeo took heed of this report. He accordingly dispatched envoys to establish contact with the Jurchen. Soon afterward Hushilai submitted in person, and all the tribes east of Yiliguri Ridge followed him into Jurchen allegiance.
5
穆宗十年癸未，阿疏自遼使其徒達紀來說曷懶甸人，曷懶甸人執之。 穆宗以達紀送高麗，謂高麗王曰：「前此為亂於汝鄙者，皆此輩也。」 及破蕭海里，使斡魯罕往高麗報捷，高麗亦使使來賀。 未幾，複使斜葛與斡魯罕往聘，高麗王曰：「斜葛，女直之族弟也，其禮有加矣。」 乃以一大銀盤為謝。
In the tenth year of Muzong, guisi year, Ashu, acting for the Liao, sent his man Daji to win over the Halin district people, but they seized him. Muzong handed Daji over to Goryeo, telling the king, "The men who have been raiding your frontier are exactly this sort of people." After the defeat of Xiao Haili, he sent Woluhan to Goryeo with news of the victory, and Goryeo returned the courtesy with congratulatory envoys. Not long after, he sent Xiege and Woluhan on another mission. The Goryeo king remarked, "Xiege is a junior kinsman of the Jurchen chiefs—let his reception be especially generous." He presented a large silver platter in gratitude.
6
厥後，曷懶甸諸部盡欲來附，高麗聞之不欲使來附，恐近於己而不利也，使人邀止之。 斜葛在高麗及往來曷懶道中，具知其事，遂使石適歡往納曷懶甸人。 未行而穆宗沒，康宗嗣，遣石適歡以星顯統門之兵往至乙離骨嶺，益募兵趨活涅水，徇地曷懶甸，收叛亡七城。 高麗使人來告曰：「事有當議者。」 曷懶甸官屬使斜勒詳穩、冶剌保詳穩往，石適歡亦使杯魯往，高麗執冶剌保等，而遣杯魯曰：「無與爾事。」 於是，五水之民皆附於高麗，團練使陷者十四人。
Afterward every Halin tribe sought to submit to the Jurchen. Goryeo, fearing that their proximity would work against its interests, sent men to block them. Xiege learned the full story while in Goryeo and on the Halin road, and sent Shi Shihuan to bring the Halin tribes in. Before Shi Shihuan could march, Muzong died and Kangzong took the throne. Kangzong sent him with troops from Xingxian and Tongmen to Yiliguri Ridge, raised additional forces, advanced to the Huonie River, swept the Halin district, and recovered seven rebel-held towns. Goryeo sent envoys with a message: "There are matters that require discussion." Halin officials dispatched Xiele Xiangwen and Yelibao Xiangwen, while Shi Shihuan sent Peilu. Goryeo detained Yelibao and his party but sent Peilu back with the words, "This is none of your concern." In the end the Five Waters peoples all went over to Goryeo, and fourteen regimental commanders fell into captivity.
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二年甲申，高麗來攻，石適歡大破之，殺獲甚眾，追入其境，焚略其戍守而還。 四月，高麗複來攻，石適歡以五百人禦于辟登水，複大破之，追入辟登水，逐其殘眾逾境。 於是，高麗王曰：「告邊釁者皆官屬祥丹、傍都里、昔畢罕輩也。」 十四團練、六路使人在高麗者，皆歸之，遣使來請和。 遂使斜葛經正疆界，至乙離骨水、曷懶甸活禰水，留之兩月。 斜葛不能聽訟，每一事輒至枝蔓，民頗苦之。 康宗召斜葛還，而遣石適歡往。 石適歡立幕府于三潺水，其嘗陰與高麗往來為亂階者，即正其罪，餘無所問。 康宗以為能。
In the second year, jiashen year, Goryeo attacked. Shi Shihuan routed them with heavy casualties, pursued into their territory, burned their frontier posts, and withdrew. In the fourth month Goryeo attacked again. With five hundred men Shi Shihuan met them at the Bideng River, won another crushing victory, pursued them into the river, and drove the survivors beyond the border. The Goryeo king then said, "The border incidents were the work of officials—Xiangdan, Bangduli, Xibihan, and their associates." He returned the fourteen regimental commanders and the six-route commissioners held in Goryeo and sent envoys to sue for peace. Xiege was then sent to demarcate the border as far as the Yiliguri and Halin Huonie rivers, and remained on the task for two months. Xiege proved incapable of adjudicating disputes—every case sprawled into endless complications, and the people found it burdensome. Kangzong recalled Xiege and replaced him with Shi Shihuan. Shi Shihuan set up headquarters at the Sanchan River, punished only those who had secretly colluded with Goryeo to stir up trouble, and left everyone else unmolested. Kangzong judged him capable.
8
四年丙戌，高麗使使黑歡方石來賀嗣位，康宗使杯魯報聘，且尋前約，取亡命之民，高麗許之。 曰：「使使至境上受之。」 康宗以為信然，使完顏部阿聒、烏林答部勝昆往境上受之。 康宗畋于馬紀嶺乙只村以待之。 阿聒、勝昆至境上，高麗遣人殺之，而出兵曷懶甸，築九城。
In the fourth year, bingxu year, Goryeo sent Heihuan and Fangshi to congratulate Kangzong on his accession. Kangzong sent Peilu on a return mission to renew the earlier agreement for the return of fugitives, and Goryeo consented. Goryeo said the fugitives would be handed over at the frontier to awaiting envoys." Kangzong took them at their word and sent A'suo of the Wanyan clan and Shengkun of the Ulinada clan to the border to receive the fugitives. Kangzong went hunting at Yizhi Village on Maji Ridge to await their return. When A'suo and Shengkun reached the frontier, Goryeo had them killed, sent troops into the Halin district, and built nine fortified towns.
9
康宗歸，眾鹹曰：「不可舉兵也，恐遼人將以罪我。」 太祖獨曰：「若不舉兵，豈止失曷懶甸，諸部皆非吾有也。」 康宗以為然，乃使斡塞將兵伐之，大破高麗兵。 六月，高麗率眾來戰，斡塞敗之，進圍其城。 七月，高麗複請和，康宗曰：「事若酌中，則與之和。」 高麗許歸亡入之民，罷九城之戍，複所侵故地，遂與之和。
On Kangzong's return, his advisers all urged, "We must not go to war—the Liao will hold us accountable." The future Taizu alone objected: "If we do not fight, we will lose not only Halin—every tribe will slip from our grasp." Kangzong was persuaded and sent Wosai at the head of an army. He routed the Goryeo forces. In the sixth month Goryeo brought its main force to battle. Wosai defeated them and laid siege to their city. In the seventh month Goryeo sued for peace again. Kangzong said, "If the terms are fair, grant them peace." Goryeo agreed to return the fugitives, dismantle the nine frontier garrisons, and restore seized territory, and peace was concluded.
10
收國元年九月，太祖已克黃龍府，命加古撒喝攻保州。 保州近高麗，遼侵高麗置保州。 至是，命撒喝取之，久不下，撒喝請濟師，且言高麗王將遣使來。 太祖使納合烏蠢以百騎益之，詔撒喝曰：「汝領偏師，屢破重敵，多所俘獲，及聞胡沙數戰有功，朕甚嘉之。 若保州未下，但守邊戍，吾已克黃龍府，聞遼主且至，俟破大敵複益汝兵。 所言高麗遣使事，未知果否，至則護送以來。 邊境之事，慎之毋忽。」 十一月，系遼女直麻懣太彎等十五人皆降，攻開州取之，盡降保州諸部女直。 太祖以撒喝為保州路都統。
In the ninth month of the first Shouguo year, after Taizu had taken Huanglong Prefecture, he ordered Jagusa to attack Bozhou. Bozhou lay near Goryeo; the Liao had carved it out during their invasion of Goryeo. Taizu now ordered Saha to capture it, but the siege dragged on. Saha asked for reinforcements and reported that the Goryeo king was about to send envoys. Taizu sent Nahe Wuchun with a hundred cavalry as reinforcements and instructed Saha: "You have led a detached force, repeatedly defeated strong enemies, and taken many captives. I have also heard that Husha has distinguished himself in battle. I am greatly pleased. If Bozhou still holds out, hold the frontier posts. I have taken Huanglong Prefecture and hear the Liao emperor is coming. Once we defeat him I will send you more troops. As for Goryeo's promised envoys, that remains to be seen—when they arrive, escort them to me. Be vigilant in all frontier matters—neglect nothing." In the eleventh month fifteen Liao Jurchen leaders including Maman Taiwan surrendered. Kaizhou was taken by assault, and every Jurchen band around Bozhou submitted. Taizu appointed Saha supreme commander of the Bozhou Circuit.
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太祖已破走遼主軍，撒喝破合主、順化二城，複請濟師攻保州，使斡魯以甲士千人往。 二年閏月，高麗遣使來賀捷，且曰：「保州本吾舊地，願以見還。」 太祖謂使者曰：「爾其自取之。」 詔撒喝、烏蠢等曰：「若高麗來取保州，益以胡剌古、習顯等軍備之，或欲合兵，無得輒往，但謹守邊戍。」 及撒喝、阿實賚等攻保州，遼守將遁去，而高麗兵已在城中。 既而，高麗國王使蒲馬請保州，詔諭高麗王曰：「保州近爾邊境，聽爾自取，今乃勤我師徒，破敵城下。 且蒲馬止是口陳，俟有表請，即當別議。」
After Taizu had routed the Liao emperor's army, Saha captured Hezhu and Shunhua and again asked for troops to take Bozhou. Taizu sent Wolu with a thousand armored men. In the intercalary month of the second year, Goryeo sent envoys to congratulate Taizu on his victory and asked that Bozhou, "our former territory," be restored." Taizu told the envoys, "You may take it yourselves." He instructed Saha, Wuchun, and the rest: "If Goryeo comes for Bozhou, supply them with Hulagu's, Xixian's, and other forces as needed. If they ask to join operations, do not rush in—only hold the frontier posts firmly." When Saha and Ashizai attacked Bozhou, the Liao garrison fled—but Goryeo troops were already inside the walls. Soon the Goryeo king sent Puma to claim Bozhou. Taizu's reply read: "Bozhou lies on your frontier and I let you take it yourself. Instead you drew my army in to fight beneath its walls. Moreover, Puma spoke only orally. When a formal written petition arrives, we may discuss the matter further."
12
天輔二年十二月，詔諭高麗國王曰：「朕始興師伐遼，已嘗佈告，賴皇天助順，屢敗敵兵，北自上京，南至於海，其間京府州縣部族人民悉皆撫定。 今遣孛堇朮孛報諭，仍賜馬一匹，至可領也。」
In the twelfth month of Tianfu 2, Taizu notified the Goryeo king: "When I first marched against the Liao I made my intentions known. Heaven has favored the just cause, and I have repeatedly routed the enemy. From Shangjing in the north to the sea in the south, every capital, prefecture, district, tribe, and people in between has been brought under control. I now send Commander Zhushu with this notice and a gift of one horse—please accept them on his arrival."
13
三年，高麗增築長城三尺，邊吏發兵止之，弗從，報曰：「修補舊城。」 曷懶甸孛堇胡剌古、習顯以聞，詔曰：「毋得侵軼生事，但慎固營壘，廣布耳目而已。」
In the third year Goryeo raised its Great Wall by three feet. Jin border officials sent troops to stop the work, but Goryeo refused and replied that they were merely repairing the old wall. Halin commanders Hulagu and Xixian reported the incident. The court ordered: "Do not raid or provoke incidents—only strengthen your camps and extend your intelligence network."
14
四年，咸州路都統司以兵分屯於保州、畢里圍二城，請益兵，詔曰：「汝等分列屯戍，以固封守，甚善。 高麗累世臣事於遼，或有交通，可常遣人偵伺。」
In the fourth year the Xianzhou Circuit command split forces between Bozhou and Bilwei and asked for reinforcements. The response praised their dispersed garrison as sound frontier policy. Goryeo served the Liao for generations and may still be in contact—keep scouts watching at all times."
15
使習顯以獲遼國州郡諭高麗，其國方誅亂者，使謂習顯曰：「此與先父國王之書。」 習顯就館。 凡誅戮官僚七十余人，即依舊禮接見，而以表來賀，並貢方物。 複以遼帝亡入夏國報之。
Envoy Xixian announced the Jin conquest of Liao prefectures to Goryeo, which was then purging rebels. A Goryeo official told Xixian, "This concerns my late father's reign." Xixian withdrew to the guest quarters. More than seventy officials were executed in the purge. Goryeo then received Xixian under the old ceremonial forms, sent a congratulatory memorial, and presented tribute goods. They also reported that the Liao emperor had fled into Western Xia territory.
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高隨、斜野奉使高麗，至境上，接待之禮不遜，隨等不敢往，太宗曰：「高麗世臣於遼，當以事遼之禮事我，而我國有新喪，遼主未獲，勿遽強之。」 命高隨等還。 天會二年，同知南路都統鶻實答奏，高麗納叛亡、增邊備，必有異圖。 詔曰：「凡有通問，毋違常式。 或來侵略，則整爾行列與之從事。 敢先犯彼者，雖捷必罰。」 詔闍母以甲士千人戍海島，以備之。
Gao Sui and Xieye were sent to Goryeo, but at the frontier the reception was insufficiently deferential and they dared not enter. Taizong said, "Goryeo long served the Liao and should observe the same rites toward us—but the court is in mourning and the Liao emperor is not yet captured. Do not press them yet." He ordered Gao Sui and his party to turn back. In Tianhui 2, Associate Southern Route Commander Heshida reported that Goryeo was sheltering defectors, strengthening frontier defenses, and likely harboring hostile intentions. The court replied: "Maintain normal diplomatic exchanges in all communications. If they invade, form your ranks and fight them. Whoever strikes first, even if victorious, will be punished." Yanmu was ordered to station a thousand armored men on the coastal islands as a precaution.
17
四年，國王王楷遣使奉表稱籓，優詔答之。 上使高伯淑、烏至忠使高麗，凡遣使往來當盡循遼舊，仍取保州路及邊地人口在彼界者，須盡數發還。 敕伯淑曰：「若一一聽從，即以保州地賜之。」 高伯淑至高麗，王楷附表謝，一依事遼舊制。 八年，楷上表，乞免索保州亡入邊戶。 是歲，高麗十人捕魚，大風飄其船抵海岸，曷蘇館人獲之，詔還其國。 既而勖上表請不索保州亡入高麗戶口，太宗從之，自是保州封域始定。
In the fourth year King Wang Kai sent a memorial declaring vassalage, and the court answered with a gracious edict. The emperor sent Gao Boshu and Wuzhizhong to Goryeo with orders that all future exchanges follow Liao precedent and that every subject of the Bozhou Circuit and border region held in Goryeo be returned in full. He instructed Boshu: "If they comply fully, grant them the Bozhou territory." In Goryeo, Wang Kai sent a memorial of thanks pledging to follow the old Liao ceremonial system in full. In the eighth year Wang Kai petitioned to be excused from surrendering the Bozhou fugitives who had crossed the border. That year ten Goryeo fishermen were blown ashore by a storm. Yisu Hall people detained them, but an edict ordered their repatriation. Soon afterward Xu petitioned again to waive recovery of the Bozhou fugitives in Goryeo. Taizong agreed, and from then on the Bozhou frontier was fixed.
18
皇統二年，詔加楷開府儀同三司、上柱國。 六年，楷薨，子晛嗣立。
In Huangtong 2 an edict conferred on Wang Kai the ranks of Grand Master of the Palace with Golden Seal and Ribbon of the Third Rank and Supreme Pillar of State. In the sixth year Wang Kai died and was succeeded by his son Xian.
19
大定四年，鴨綠江堡戍頗被侵越焚毀。 五年正月，世宗因正旦使朝辭，諭之曰：「邊境小小不虞，爾主使然邪，疆吏為之邪？ 若果疆吏為之，爾主亦當懲戒之也。」 初，高麗使者別有私進禮物以為常，是歲萬春節，上以使者私進不應典禮，詔罷之。
In Dading 4 the Yalu River frontier posts suffered repeated raids, incursions, and burning. In the first month of the fifth year, when the New Year's envoy took leave of Shizong, the emperor asked, "These minor frontier incidents—did your king order them, or were they the work of local officials? If frontier officials are to blame, your king should discipline them as well." Goryeo envoys had long brought private gifts in addition to official tribute. That year, at the Ten Thousand Springs festival, Shizong ruled these private offerings improper and abolished them by edict.
20
十年，王晛弟翼陽公皓廢晛自立。 十月，賜生日使、大宗正丞颭至界上，高麗邊吏稱前王已讓位，不肯受使者。 十一年三月，王皓以讓國來奏告，詔婆速路勿受，有司移文詳問。 高麗告曰：「前王久病，昏耄不治，以母弟皓權攝國事。」 上曰：「讓國大事也，何以不先陳請。」 詔有司再詳問。 高麗乃以王晛讓國表來，大略稱先臣楷遺訓傳位於弟，又言其子有罪不可立之意。 上疑之，以問宰執，丞相良弼奏曰：「此不可信。 晛止一子，往年生孫，嘗有表自陳生孫之喜，一也。 皓嘗作亂，晛囚之，二也。 今晛不遣使，皓乃遣使，三也。 朝廷賜晛生日使，皓不轉達於晛，乃稱未敢奉受，四也。 今皓篡兄誣于天子，安可忍也。」 右丞孟浩曰：「當詢彼國士民，果皆推服，即當遣使封冊。」 上曰：「封一國之君詢於民眾，此與除拜猛安謀克何異。」 乃卻其使者，而以詔書詳問王晛，吏部侍郎靖為宣問王晛使。
In the tenth year Wang Xian's younger brother, Duke Hao of Yiyang, deposed him and seized the throne. In the tenth month the birthday envoy Zhan, vice director of the Imperial Clan Court, reached the frontier. Goryeo border officials cited the former king's abdication and refused to admit him. In the third month of the eleventh year Wang Hao memorialized to announce his abdication. The court ordered the Basu Route not to receive him and instructed the relevant offices to send formal inquiries. Goryeo reported that the former king had long been gravely ill and senile, unable to govern, and had entrusted state affairs to his uterine younger brother Hao as regent. The emperor said, "Abdication is a matter of the highest importance. Why was it not announced and requested in advance?" He ordered the relevant offices to investigate further. Goryeo then submitted Wang Xian's abdication memorial, claiming broadly that the late King Kai's testament directed the throne to his brother and that his son was guilty and unfit to rule. The emperor was skeptical and consulted his chief ministers. Chief Councilor Liangbi replied, "This cannot be credited. First, Xian has only one son, and only last year a grandson was born—Xian himself once memorialized his joy at the birth. Second, Hao once rebelled and Xian had him imprisoned. Third, Xian sends no envoys while Hao does. Fourth, when the court sent a birthday envoy for Xian, Hao refused to forward him and claimed he dared not accept the mission. Now Hao has seized the throne from his brother and deceived the Son of Heaven. This cannot be tolerated." Right Vice Councilor Meng Hao argued, "We should inquire whether the Goryeo officials and people truly accept him. If they do, we may send envoys to invest him." The emperor objected, "Consulting the populace before investing a foreign king—how is that different from appointing meng'an and mouke officers?" He sent the Goryeo envoys back and dispatched Jing, vice director of the Ministry of Personnel, with an edict to question Wang Xian directly.
21
皓實篡國，囚晛於海島。 靖至高麗，皓稱王晛已避位出居他所，病加無損，不能就位拜命，往復險遠，非使者所宜往。 靖竟不得見晛，乃以詔授皓，轉取晛表附奏，其言與前表大概相同。 靖還，上問大臣，皆曰：「晛表如此，可遂封之。」 丞相良弼、平章政事守道曰：「待皓祈請未晚也。」 十二月，皓遣其禮部侍郎張翼明等請封。 十二年三月，遂賜封冊。 皓生日在正月十九日，是歲十二月將盡，未及遣使，有司請至來歲舉行焉。
Hao had in fact seized power and imprisoned Xian on a coastal island. In Goryeo, Hao claimed that Xian had abdicated and retired elsewhere, that his illness was worsening, that he could not come forward to receive the imperial message, and that the route was too dangerous and remote for an envoy. Jing never saw Xian. He delivered the edict to Hao, obtained Xian's memorial indirectly, and forwarded it—the wording matched the earlier petition. On Jing's return the emperor consulted his ministers, who all urged, "Given Xian's memorial, we should proceed with the investiture." Chief Councilor Liangbi and Privy Councilor Shoudao dissented: "Let us wait until Hao himself petitions—it is not too late." In the twelfth month Hao sent Vice Minister of Rites Zhang Yiming and others to request formal investiture. In the third month of the twelfth year the court granted the investiture patent. Hao's birthday fell on the nineteenth of the first month. With the year nearly over, the relevant offices asked to defer the birthday mission until the following year.
22
十五年，高麗西京留守趙位寵叛皓，遣徐彥等九十六人上表曰：「前王本非避讓，大將軍鄭沖夫、郎將李義方實弑之。 臣位寵請以慈悲嶺以西至鴨綠江四十餘城內屬，請兵助援。」 上曰：「王皓已加封冊，位寵輒敢稱兵為亂，且欲納土，朕懷撫萬邦，豈助叛臣為虐。」 詔執徐彥等送高麗。 頃之，王皓定趙位寵之亂，遣使奏謝，自位寵之亂，皓所遣生日回謝、橫賜回謝、賀正旦、進奉、萬春節等使，皆阻不通，至是，皓並奏之。 詔答其意，其合遣人使令節次入朝。
In the fifteenth year Zhao Weichong, Goryeo's Western Capital military governor, rebelled against Hao. Xu Yan and ninety-five others submitted a memorial claiming the former king had not abdicated but had been murdered by Grand General Zheng Chongfu and Colonel Li Yifang. Weichong offered to submit more than forty cities west of Cibei Ridge to the Yalu River and asked for military aid. The emperor replied, "King Hao has already been invested. Weichong dares to rebel and offer territory. I cherish all states under Heaven—how could I aid a rebel in his violence?" He ordered Xu Yan and his party seized and handed over to Goryeo. Soon Hao suppressed Zhao Weichong's revolt and sent envoys with thanks. He also reported that since the rebellion his birthday, return-thanks, New Year's, tribute, and Ten Thousand Springs missions had all been blocked—he now listed them together. The court acknowledged his report and instructed that the due missions proceed to court in proper order.
23
十七年，賀正旦禮物，玉帶乃石似玉者，有司請移問，上曰：「彼小國無能識者，誤以為玉耳，不必移問。」 乃止。 十二月，有司奏高麗下節押馬官順成例外將帶甲三過界，上以使人所坐罪重，但令發還本國而已。 二十三年，皓母任氏薨，皓乞免賜生日及賀謝等事，詔從之。
In the seventeenth year the New Year's gifts included a belt of stone that resembled jade. Officials proposed a formal inquiry, but the emperor said, "That small state lacks experts—they mistook stone for jade. No inquiry is needed." The matter was dropped. In the twelfth month officials reported that during the lower festival Goryeo's horse-escort officer Shunchengwei had led three armed men across the border. Though the offense was serious, the emperor ordered only their repatriation. In the twenty-third year Hao's mother Lady Ren died. Hao asked to be excused from birthday gifts and congratulatory exchanges, and the court agreed.
24
承安二年，皓表自陳衰病，以國讓其弟镡。 镡權國事。 是歲，皓廢，镡嗣立。
In Chengan 2 Hao memorialized that he was aged and ill and ceded the throne to his younger brother Chan. Chan assumed regency. That year Hao was deposed and Chan ascended the throne.
25
泰和四年正月乙丑朔，高麗傔人以小佩刀割梨廡下巡廊，奉職見而糾之，詔館伴官自今前期移文禁止。 是歲，王镡薨，子韺嗣立。
On New Year's Day, Taihe 4, a Goryeo attendant cut pears in the corridor with a small knife. A palace officer reported him, and the court ordered host officials to send advance notices forbidding such conduct. That year King Chan died and was succeeded by his son Ting.
26
泰和七年正月，是時用兵伐宋，夏亦有故，獨高麗遣正旦使，詔不賜曲宴。 及天壽節，夏、高麗使者皆在，有司奏：「大定初，宋未請和，夏、高麗使者賜曲宴，今請依大定故事。」 詔從之。
In the first month of Taihe 7 the court was at war with the Song and had business with Xia. Only Goryeo sent a New Year's envoy, and the court declined to grant the customary curved banquet. At the Heavenly Longevity festival envoys from both Xia and Goryeo were present. Officials cited the early Dading precedent, when curved banquets were granted despite war with the Song, and asked to follow it. The request was granted.
27
至甯元年八月，王祦薨，嗣子未行起複。 九月，宣宗即位，邊吏奏：「高麗牒稱，嗣子未起複，不可以凶服迎吉詔，又不可以草土名銜署表。」 禮官議：「人臣不以私恩廢公義，宜權用吉服迎詔，署表用權國事名銜。 俟高麗告哀使至闕，然後遣使致祭、慰問及行封冊。」 制可。
In the eighth month of Zhiyuan 1 King Ting died before his heir had completed the mourning resumption rites. In the ninth month, when Xuanzong ascended the throne, border officials reported that Goryeo claimed the heir had not resumed mourning and could neither receive the imperial edict in mourning dress nor sign memorials with a mourning title. Ritual officials ruled that private mourning must not override public duty: the heir should provisionally wear court dress to receive the edict and sign memorials as regent. After Goryeo's mourning envoy reached the court, the Jin would send envoys for sacrifices, condolences, and investiture. The court approved the recommendation.
28
明年，宣宗遷汴，遼東道路不通，興定三年，遼東行省奏高麗複有奉表朝貢之意，宰臣奏：「可令行省受其表章，其朝貢之禮俟他日徐議。」 宣宗以為然，乃遣使撫諭高麗，終以道路不通，未遑迎迓，詔行省且羈縻勿絕其好，然自是不復通問矣。
The next year Xuanzong moved the capital to Bian and Liaodong routes were cut. In Xingding 3 the Liaodong Branch Secretariat reported renewed Goryeo interest in tribute. Ministers proposed accepting their documents now and deferring full ceremonial exchanges. Xuanzong agreed and sent envoys to Goryeo, but impassable roads prevented a full reception. He ordered the Branch Secretariat to maintain ties without severing relations—but from then on regular contact ceased.
29
贊曰：金人本出鞨靺之附於高麗者，始通好為鄰國，既而為君臣，貞祐以後道路不通，僅一再見而已。 入聖朝猶子孫相傳自為治，故不復備論，論其與金事相涉者焉。
The appraiser observes: The Jin people originated among Mohe groups once subject to Goryeo. They began as neighbors, then became liege and vassal. After Zhenyou communications broke off, with only one or two further contacts. Under the present sage dynasty Goryeo still rules itself by hereditary succession, so no fuller account is given here—only matters touching Jin affairs.
30
金國語解
Glossary of Jin State Language
31
今文《尚書》辭多奇澀，蓋亦當世之方言也。 《金史》所載本國之語，得諸重譯，而可解者何可闕焉。 若其臣僚之小字，或以賤，或以疾，猶有古人尚質之風，不可文也。 國姓為某，漢姓為某，後魏孝文以來已有之矣。 存諸篇終，以備考索。
The present text of the 《Book of Documents》 is often obscure—likely the dialect of its own age. Jurchen terms preserved in the 《History of Jin》, though known only through repeated translation, should be recorded wherever they can be understood. Officials' childhood names—some denoting low birth, some illness—preserve an ancient plainness that should not be dressed in literary elegance. Dual state and Han surnames have existed since Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei. They are preserved at the end of this chapter for reference.
32
都勃極烈，總治官名，猶漢云「冢宰」。
Dubojilie: chief governing title, equivalent to the Han "Grand Minister."
33
諳版勃極烈，官之尊且貴者。
Anban Bojilie: a most honored and exalted office.
34
國論勃極烈，尊禮優崇得自由者。
Guolun Bojilie: a councilor of high ritual standing who enjoyed special latitude.
35
胡魯勃極烈，統領官之稱。
Hulu Bojilie: title of a commanding officer.
36
移賚勃極烈，位第三曰「移賚」。
Yicai Bojilie: the third rank, called "Yicai."
37
阿買勃極烈，治城邑者。
Amai Bojilie: administrator of walled cities.
38
乙室勃極烈，迎邪之官。
Yishi Bojilie: office for receiving envoys.
39
劄失哈勃極烈，守官署之稱。
Zhashiha Bojilie: title of one who guards government offices.
40
昃勃極烈，陰陽之官。
Ze Bojilie: office of yin-yang divination.
41
迭勃極烈，倅貳之職。
Die Bojilie: deputy second-in-command.
42
猛安，千夫長。
Meng'an: leader of a thousand-man unit.
43
謀克，百夫長也。
Mouke: leader of a hundred-man unit.
44
諸颭「詳穩」，邊戍之官。
Among frontier officers, "Xiangwen": a border defense post.
45
諸「移里堇」，部落墟砦之首領。
"Yilijin": chiefs of tribal stockades and fortified hamlets.
46
詳穩、移里堇，本遼語，金人因之而稍異同焉。
Xiangwen and Yilijin were originally Liao terms; the Jin adopted them with slight modifications.
47
禿里，掌部落詞訟，察非違者。
Tuli: overseer of tribal lawsuits and investigator of violations.
48
烏魯古，牧圉之官。
Wulugu: officer of herds and enclosures.
49
斡里朵，官府治事之所。
Woliduo: seat of government administration.
50
孛論出，胚胎之名。
Belunchu: term for an embryo.
51
阿胡迭，長子。
Ahudie: eldest son.
52
骨赧，季也。
Gunai: youngest son.
53
蒲陽溫，曰幼子。
Puyangwen: the young son.
54
益都，次第之通稱。
Yidu: general term for birth order.
55
第九曰「烏也」，十六曰「女魯歡」。
The ninth son is called "Wuye"; the sixteenth, "Nülühuan."
56
按答海，客之通稱。
Andahai: general term for a guest.
57
山只昆，舍人也。
Shanzhikun: retainer.
58
散亦孛，奇男子。
Sanyibo: extraordinary man.
59
散答，老人之稱也。
Sanda: term for an old man.
60
什古乃，瘠人。
Shigunai: lean person.
61
撒合輦，黧黑之名。
Sahelian: term for dark black.
62
保活里，侏儒。
Baohuoli: dwarf.
63
阿里孫，貌不揚也。
Alisun: one of unremarkable appearance.
64
阿徒罕，采薪之子。
Atuhan: firewood gatherer.
65
答不也，耘田者。
Dabuye: field tiller.
66
阿土古，善採捕者。
Atugu: skilled hunter-gatherer.
67
阿里喜，圍獵也。
Alixi: a driven hunt with encirclement.
68
拔里速，角牴戲者。
Balisu: wrestler.
69
阿離合懣，臂鷹鶻者。
Aliheman: falconer.
70
胡魯剌，戶長。
Hulula: household head.
71
阿合，人奴也。
Ahe: human slave.
72
兀朮，曰頭。
Wuzhu: means "head."
73
粘罕，心也。
Nianhan: means "heart."
74
畏可，牙，又曰吾亦可。
Weike: tooth; also called wuyike.
75
盤里合，將指。
Panlihe: the general's finger.
76
三合，人之靨也。
Sanhe: dimple.
77
牙吾塔，瘍瘡。
Yawuta: ulcer or sore.
78
蒲剌都，目赤而盲也。
Puladu: one with red eyes who is blind.
79
石哥里，溲疾。
Shigel: urinary disorder.
80
謾都謌，癡騃之謂。
Manduge: term for dull-wittedness.
81
謀良虎，無賴之名。 皆不美之稱也。
Moulianghu: term for a rascal. All of these are unflattering names.
82
與人同受福曰「忽都」。 以力助人曰「阿息保」。
"Hudu": sharing good fortune with others. "Axibao": helping others by one's own strength.
83
辭不失，酒醒也。
Cibushi: sober after drinking.
84
奴申，和睦之義。
Nushen: harmony, concord.
85
訛出虎，寬容之名也。
Echuhu: a name denoting forbearance.
86
賽里，安樂。
Saili: peace and contentment.
87
迪古乃，來也。
Digunai: means "to come."
88
撒八，迅速之義。
Saba: swiftness, speed.
89
烏古出，方言曰再休，猶言再不復也。
Wuguchu: in dialect "Zaixiu," meaning "never again."
90
凡事之先者曰「石倫」。 以物與人已然曰「阿里白」。
"Shilun": whatever comes first in any matter. "Alibai": having already given something to someone.
91
吾里補，畜積之名。
Wulibu: term for stored goods and livestock.
92
習失，猶人云常川也。
Xishi: as people say, "constant flow."
93
凡市物已得曰「兀帶」，取以名子者，猶言貨取如物然也。
"Wudai": goods obtained in trade; used as a child's name, it suggests acquiring goods as in commerce.
94
兀典，明星。
Wudian: a bright star.
95
阿鄰，山。 太神，高也。 山之上銳者曰「哈丹」，坡陀曰「阿懶」，大而峻曰「斜魯」。
Alin: means "mountain." Taishen: high, lofty. A sharp mountain peak is "Hadan"; a gentle slope, "Alan"; a large steep mountain, "Xielu."
96
忒鄰，海也。
Telin: means "the sea."
97
沙忽帶，舟也。
Shahudai: boat.
98
生鐵曰「斡論」，釜曰「闍母」，刃曰「斜烈」。
Wrought iron: "Wolun"; cauldron: "Zhamu"; blade: "Xielie."
99
婆盧火者槌也。
Poluhuo: mallet.
100
金曰「桉春」。
Gold: "Anchun."
101
銀朮可，珠也。
Yinzhuke: means "pearl."
102
布囊曰「蒲盧渾」，盆曰「阿里虎」，罐曰「活女」。
Cloth sack: "Puluhun"; basin: "Alihu"; jar: "Huonü."
103
烏烈，草廩也。
Wulie: hay granary.
104
沙剌，衣襟也。
Shala: garment lapel.
105
活臘胡，色之赤者也。
Huolahu: red color.
106
胡剌，灶突。
Hula: stove chimney opening.
107
桓端，松。
Huanduan: pine tree.
108
阿虎里，松子。
Ahuli: pine nuts.
109
孰輦，蓮也。
Shunian: the lotus.
110
活離罕，羔。
Huolihan: a lamb.
111
合喜，犬子。
Hexi: a young dog.
112
訛古乃，犬之有文者。
Egunei: a marked dog.
113
斜哥，貂鼠。
Xiege: the sable.
114
蒲阿，山雞。
Pu'a: the pheasant.
115
窩謀罕，鳥卵也。
Womouhan: a bird's egg.
116
完顏，漢姓曰王。
Wanyan clan: Han surname Wang.
117
烏古論曰商。
Wugulun clan: Han surname Shang.
118
紇石烈曰高。
Heshilie clan: Han surname Gao.
119
徒單曰杜。
Tudan clan: Han surname Du.
120
女奚烈曰郎。
Nüxilie clan: Han surname Lang.
121
兀顏曰朱。
Wuyan clan: Han surname Zhu.
122
蒲察曰李。
Pucha clan: Han surname Li.
123
顏盞曰張。
Yanzhan clan: Han surname Zhang.
124
溫蒂罕曰溫。
Wendihan clan: Han surname Wen.
125
石抹曰蕭。
Shimo clan: Han surname Xiao.
126
奧屯曰曹。
Aotun clan: Han surname Cao.
127
孛朮魯曰魯。
Bozhulu clan: Han surname Lu.
128
移剌曰劉。
Yila clan: Han surname Liu.
129
斡勒曰石。
Wole clan: Han surname Shi.
130
納剌曰康。
Nala clan: Han surname Kang.
131
夾谷曰仝。
Jiagu clan: Han surname Tong.
132
裴滿曰麻。
Peiman clan: Han surname Ma.
133
尼忙古曰魚。
Nimanggu clan: Han surname Yu.
134
斡准曰趙。
Wozhun clan: Han surname Zhao.
135
阿典曰雷。
Adian clan: Han surname Lei.
136
阿里侃曰何。
Alikan clan: Han surname He.
137
溫敦曰空。
Wendun clan: Han surname Kong.
138
吾魯曰惠。
Wulu clan: Han surname Hui.
139
抹顏曰孟。
Moyan clan: Han surname Meng.
140
都烈曰強。
Dulie clan: Han surname Qiang.
141
散答曰駱。
Sanda clan: Han surname Luo.
142
呵不哈曰田。
Hebuha clan: Han surname Tian.
143
烏林答曰蔡。
Ulinada clan: Han surname Cai.
144
僕散曰林。
Pusan clan: Han surname Lin.
145
朮虎曰董。
Shuhu clan: Han surname Dong.
146
古里甲曰汪。
Gulijia clan: Han surname Wang.
147
其後氏族或因人變易，難以遍舉，姑載其可知者云。
Later, clan names sometimes shifted with individuals, making a full list impossible; only those known with certainty are recorded here.
148
金國語解終。
End of the Glossary of Jin State Language.