1
成皇帝諱衍，字世根，明帝長子也。 太寧三年三月戊辰，立爲皇太子。 閏月戊子，明帝崩。 己丑，太子卽皇帝位，大赦，增文武位二等，賜鰥寡孤老帛，人二匹，尊皇后庾氏爲皇太后。
Emperor Cheng, personal name Yan, courtesy name Shigen, was the eldest son of Emperor Ming. On the wuchen day of the third month in the third year of the Taining era (325 CE), he was invested as crown prince. On the wuzi day of the intercalary month, Emperor Ming died. On the jichou day the crown prince ascended the throne. He declared a general amnesty, promoted civil and military officials by two ranks, gave two bolts of silk each to widowers, widows, orphans, and the elderly, and elevated Empress Yu to the title of empress dowager.
2
秋九月癸卯，皇太后臨朝稱制。 司徒王導錄尚書事，與中書令庾亮參輔朝政。 以撫軍將軍、南頓王宗爲驃騎將軍，領軍將軍、汝南王祐爲衛將軍。 辛丑，葬明帝於武平陵。
In autumn, on the guimao day of the ninth month, the empress dowager began to rule from behind the screen as regent. Wang Dao, minister of education, was placed in charge of the Masters of Writing, while Palace Secretariat director Yu Liang joined him in steering the affairs of state. Prince Zong of Nandun, general who comforts the army, was appointed general of agile cavalry; Prince You of Runan, general who commands the army, was appointed general of the guard. On the xinchou day Emperor Ming was laid to rest at the Wuping imperial mausoleum.
3
冬十一月癸巳朔，日有蝕之。 廣陵相曹渾有罪，下獄死。
In winter, the new moon fell on guisi in the eleventh month and a solar eclipse was observed. Cao Hun, chancellor of Guangling, was found guilty, imprisoned, and died there.
4
咸和元年春二月丁亥，大赦，改元，大酺五日，賜鰥寡孤老米，二人斛，京師百里內復一年。
In spring of the first year of the Xianhe era (326), on the dinghai day of the second month, the court proclaimed a general amnesty, adopted the new reign title, ordered five days of public feasting, distributed a hu of grain each to widowers, widows, orphans, and the elderly, and remitted one year of taxes and labor service within a hundred li of the capital.
5
夏四月，石勒遣其將石生寇汝南，汝南人執內史祖濟以叛。 甲子，尚書左僕射鄧攸卒。
In the fourth month of summer, Shi Le of Later Zhao sent his general Shi Sheng against Runan; the people of Runan seized their interior secretary, Zu Ji, and rose in revolt. On the jiazi day Deng You, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, died.
6
五月，大水。
In the fifth month severe flooding struck.
7
六月癸亥，使持節、散騎常侍、監淮北諸軍事、北中郎將、徐州刺史、泉陵公劉遐卒。 癸酉，以車騎將軍郗鑒領徐州刺史，征虜將軍郭默爲北中郎將、假節、監淮北諸軍。 劉遐部曲將李龍、史迭奉遐子肇代遐位以距默，臨淮太守劉矯擊破之，斬龍，傳首京師。
On the guihai day of the sixth month Liu Xia, duke of Quanling—holder of the insignia of authority, cavalier attendant-in-ordinary, supervisor of all forces north of the Huai, north gentlemans-household general, and inspector of Xuzhou—passed away. On the guiyou day Xi Jian, general of chariots and cavalry, was ordered to take charge of Xuzhou as well, while Guo Mo, general who conquers the caitiffs, was named north gentlemans-household general, granted the credential staff, and put in command of the armies north of the Huai. Two of Liu Xia's client generals, Li Long and Shi Die, set up Liu Xia's son Zhao in his father's place to oppose Guo Mo. Liu Jiao, administrator of Linhuai, crushed their force, executed Li Long, and forwarded his head to the capital.
8
秋七月癸丑，使持節、都督江州諸軍事、江州刺史、平南將軍、觀陽伯應詹卒。
In autumn, on the guichou day of the seventh month, Ying Zhan, baron of Guanyang—credential-bearing area commander for Jiangzhou, inspector of Jiangzhou, and general who pacifies the south—died.
9
八月，以給事中、前將軍、丹陽尹溫嶠爲平南將軍、假節、都督，江州刺史。
In the eighth month Wen Qiao—palace assistant, general of the van, and governor of Danyang—was promoted to general who pacifies the south, granted the credential staff, and named area commander and inspector of Jiangzhou.
10
九月，旱。 李雄將張龍寇涪陵，執太守謝俊。
The ninth month brought drought. Zhang Long, a general under Cheng's Li Xiong, struck Fuling and took the prefect, Xie Jun, prisoner.
11
十一月壬子，大閱于南郊。 改定王侯國秩，九分食一。
On the renzi day of the eleventh month the emperor held a grand military review at the southern suburban altar. The stipends of princely fiefs were revised so that each noble drew only one-ninth of the commandery's revenue.
12
石勒將石聰攻壽陽，不克，遂侵逡遒、阜陵。 加司徒王導大司馬、假黃鉞、都督中外征討諸軍事以禦之。 歷陽太守蘇峻遣其將韓晃討石聰，走之。
Shi Cong, Shi Le's general, failed to take Shouyang but pushed on to raid Qunqiu and Fuling. Wang Dao, minister of education, was further named grand marshal, given the yellow battle-ax, and placed in supreme command of all forces at home and in the field to meet the threat. Su Jun, administrator of Liyang, dispatched Han Huang against Shi Cong and drove him off.
13
時大旱，自六月不雨，至於是月。
A severe drought had gripped the realm: no rain had fallen since the sixth month down to this point.
14
十二月，濟㟭太守劉闓殺下邳內史夏侯嘉，叛降石勒。 梁王翹薨。
In the twelfth month Liu Kai, administrator of the Jimin commandery, murdered Xiahou Jia, interior secretary of Xiapi, and defected with his command to Shi Le. Prince Qiao of Liang died.
15
二年春正月，甯州秀才龐遺起義兵，攻李雄將任回、李謙等，雄遣其將羅恆、費黑救之。 寧州刺史尹奉遣裨將姚岳、朱提太守楊術援遺，戰於臺登，岳等敗績，術死之。
In the first month of spring in the second year of Xianhe (327), Pang Yi, a provincial graduate of Ningzhou, raised loyalist forces against Li Xiong's generals Ren Hui and Li Qian. Li Xiong countered by sending Luo Heng and Fei Hei to their relief. Yin Feng, inspector of Ningzhou, sent Yao Yue and Yang Shu, administrator of Zhuti, to reinforce Pang Yi. They fought at Taideng; Yao Yue's men were routed and Yang Shu was killed.
16
三月，益州地震。
In the third month an earthquake shook Yizhou.
17
夏四月，旱。 己未，豫章地震。
Drought persisted through the fourth month of summer. On the jiwei day Yuzhang was shaken by an earthquake.
18
五月甲申朔，日有蝕之。 丙戌，加豫州刺史祖約爲鎮西將軍。 戊子，京師大水。
The new moon on jiashen in the fifth month coincided with a solar eclipse. On the bingxu day Zu Yue, inspector of Yuzhou, received the additional title of general who guards the west. On the wuzi day catastrophic flooding hit the capital.
19
冬十月，劉曜使其子胤侵枹罕，遂略河南地。
In the tenth month of winter Liu Yao of Former Zhao dispatched his son Yin against Fuhan and went on to overrun the country south of the Yellow River.
20
十一月，豫州刺史祖約、歷陽太守蘇峻等反。
In the eleventh month Zu Yue, inspector of Yuzhou, Su Jun, administrator of Liyang, and their confederates rose in rebellion.
21
十二月辛亥，蘇峻使其將韓晃入姑孰，屠于湖。 壬子，彭城王雄、章武王休叛，奔峻。 庚申，京師戒嚴。 假護軍將軍庾亮節爲征討都督，以右衛將軍趙胤爲冠軍將軍、歷陽太守，使與左將軍司馬流帥師距峻，戰於慈湖，流敗，死之。 假驍騎將軍鐘雅節，帥舟軍，與趙胤爲前鋒，以距峻。 丙寅，徒封琅邪王昱爲會稽王，吳王岳爲琅邪王。 辛未，宣城內桓彝及峻戰于蕪湖，彝軍敗績。 軍騎將軍郗鑒遣廣陵相劉矩帥師赴京師。
On the xinhai day of the twelfth month Su Jun sent Han Huang into Gushu, where his troops massacred the population at Yu Lake. On the renzi day Princes Xiong of Pengcheng and Xiu of Zhangwu broke with the court and fled to Su Jun's camp. On the gengshen day the capital was placed under martial law. Yu Liang, guard general, was given the credential staff as campaign commander-in-chief. Zhao Yin, right guard general, was named champion general and administrator of Liyang and, with Sima Liu, left general, sent to block Su Jun. They met the rebels at Cihu; Sima Liu was defeated and killed. Zhong Ya, agile cavalry general, received the staff of command and led the riverine force as van alongside Zhao Yin to hold Su Jun at bay. On the bingyin day Prince Yu of Langye was reassigned as prince of Kuaiji, while Prince Yue of Wu was transferred to the Langye princedom. On the xinwei day Huan Yi, interior secretary of Xuancheng, fought Su Jun at Wuhu and suffered a crushing defeat. Xi Jian, general of chariots and cavalry, ordered Liu Ju, chancellor of Guangling, to march a relief column to the capital.
22
三年春正月，平南將軍溫嶠帥師救京師，次於尋陽，遣督護王愆期、西陽太守鄧嶽、鄱陽太守紀睦爲前鋒。 征西大將軍陶侃遣督護龔登受嶠節度。 鐘雅、趙胤等次慈湖，王愆期、鄧嶽等次直瀆。 丁未，峻濟自橫江，登牛渚。
In the first month of spring in the third year of Xianhe (328), Wen Qiao, general who pacifies the south, moved upstream to relieve the capital and halted at Xunyang, dispatching Wang Yanqi, Deng Yue of Xiyang, and Ji Mu of Poyang as his vanguard commanders. Tao Kan, grand general who conquers the west, sent his supervisor Gong Deng to serve under Wen Qiao's command. Zhong Ya and Zhao Yin drew up at Cihu, while Wang Yanqi and Deng Yue encamped at Zhidu. On the dingwei day Su Jun's army crossed at Hengjiang and climbed onto the Niuzhu shore.
23
二月庚戌，峻至于蔣山。 假領軍將軍卞壼節，帥六軍，及峻戰于西陵，王師敗績。 丙辰，峻攻青溪柵，因風縱火，王師又大敗。 尚書令、領軍將軍卞壼，丹陽尹羊曼，黃門侍郎周導，廬江太守陶瞻並遇害，死者數千人。 庾亮又敗于宣陽門內，遂攜其諸弟與郭默、趙胤奔尋陽。 於是司徒王導、右光祿大夫陸曄、荀崧等衛帝於太極殿，太常孔愉守宗廟。 賊乘勝麾戈接於帝座，突入太后後宮，左右侍人皆見掠奪。 是時太官唯有燒余米數石，以供御膳。 百姓號泣，響震都邑。 丁巳，峻矯詔大赦，又以祖約爲侍中、太尉、尚書令，自爲驃騎將軍、錄尚書事。 吳郡太守庾冰奔于會稽。
On the gengxu day of the second month Su Jun reached Mount Jiang east of the capital. Bian Kun, general who commands the army, took the credential staff, led the six imperial armies against Su Jun at Xiling, and was routed. On the bingchen day Su Jun stormed the Qingxi palisade and, using a favoring wind, set it ablaze; the imperial forces suffered another catastrophic defeat. Bian Kun, director of the Masters of Writing and general who commands the army; Yang Man, governor of Danyang; Zhou Dao, gentleman attendant at the yellow gate; and Tao Zhan, administrator of Lujiang, were all killed, along with several thousand others. Yu Liang was beaten again inside Xuanyang Gate and fled to Xunyang with his brothers, Guo Mo, and Zhao Yin. Wang Dao, minister of education, Lu Ye and Xun Song, senior grandees of splendid carriage on the right, and others shielded the emperor in the Taiji Hall while Kong Yu, minister of ceremonies, held the imperial shrines. The rebels pressed their advantage: weapons were brandished within reach of the throne, they broke into the empress dowager's private quarters, and every attendant within was robbed. The imperial kitchen could scrape together only a few shi of scorched leftover grain for the sovereign's table. The people of the capital wailed until their cries shook the city. On the dingsi day Su Jun forged an edict of general amnesty, named Zu Yue palace attendant, grand commandant, and director of the Masters of Writing, and took for himself the posts of general of agile cavalry and overseer of the Masters of Writing. Yu Bing, administrator of Wu commandery, fled east to Kuaiji.
24
三月丙子，皇太后庾氏崩。
On the bingzi day of the third month Empress Dowager Yu died.
25
夏四月，石勒攻宛，南陽太守王國叛，降於勒。 壬申，葬明穆皇后于武平陵。
In the fourth month of summer Shi Le besieged Wan. Wang Guo, administrator of Nanyang, rebelled and went over to him. On the renshen day Empress Mingmu was interred beside Emperor Ming at the Wuping mausoleum.
26
五月乙未，峻逼遷天子于石頭，帝哀泣升車，宮中慟哭。 峻以倉屋爲宮，遣管商、張瑾、弘徽寇晉陵，韓晃寇義興。 吳興太守虞潭與庚冰、王舒等起義兵于三吳。 丙午，征西大將軍陶侃、平南將軍溫嶠、護軍將軍庾亮、平北將軍魏該舟軍四萬，次于蔡洲。
On the yiwei day of the fifth month Su Jun forced the emperor to relocate to his stronghold at Stone Fort; the boy sovereign wept as he boarded the cart, and lamentation filled the palace. Su Jun quartered the court in granary sheds and dispatched Guan Shang, Zhang Jin, and Hong Hui against Jinling while Han Huang struck Yixing. Yu Tan, administrator of Wuxing, joined Yu Bing, Wang Shu, and others in raising loyalist forces across the Wu region. On the bingwu day Tao Kan, grand general who conquers the west; Wen Qiao, general who pacifies the south; Yu Liang, guard general; and Wei Gai, general who pacifies the north, brought forty thousand men by river and anchored at Caizhou.
27
六月，韓晃攻宣城，內史桓彝力戰，死之。 壬辰，平北將軍、雍州刺史魏該卒于師。 廬江太守毛寶攻賊合肥戍，拔之。
In the sixth month Han Huang attacked Xuancheng. Huan Yi, the interior secretary, fought to the last and was killed. On the renchen day Wei Gai, general who pacifies the north and inspector of Yongzhou, died in camp with the expeditionary army. Mao Bao, administrator of Lujiang, stormed the rebel outpost at Hefei and took it.
28
秋七月，祖約爲石勒將石聰所攻，衆潰，奔于歷陽。 石勒將石季龍攻劉曜於蒲阪。
In the seventh month of autumn Zu Yue was shattered by an attack from Shi Cong, one of Shi Le's generals, and fled with the survivors to Liyang. Shi Hu (Shi Jilong), a general of Shi Le, opened an offensive against Liu Yao at Puban.
29
八月，曜及石季龍戰于高候，季龍敗績，曜遂圍石生于洛陽。
In the eighth month Liu Yao met Shi Hu at Gaohou and broke his army, then invested Shi Sheng at Luoyang.
30
九月戊申，司徒王導奔于白石。 庚午，陶侃使督護楊謙攻峻于石頭。 溫嶠、庾亮陣于白石，竟陵太守李陽距賊南偏。 峻輕騎出戰，墜馬，斬之，衆遂大潰。 賊黨復立峻弟逸爲帥。 前交州刺史張璉據始興反，進攻廣州，鎮南司馬曾勰等擊破之。
On the wushen day of the ninth month Wang Dao, minister of education, withdrew to the Baishi encampment. On the gengwu day Tao Kan ordered Yang Qian, his supervisor of troops, to strike Su Jun at Stone Fort. Wen Qiao and Yu Liang drew up their lines at Baishi while Li Yang, administrator of Jingling, held the southern sector against the rebels. Su Jun sortied with a small cavalry escort, was thrown from his horse, and was cut down; his army then dissolved in panic. The rebel remnant raised Su Jun's brother Su Yi to lead them. Zhang Lian, former inspector of Jiaozhou, seized Shixing in revolt and marched on Guangzhou until Zeng Xie, major on the staff of the defender of the south, and others shattered his force.
31
冬十月，李雄將張龍寇涪陵，太守趙弼于於賊。
In the tenth month of winter Zhang Long, a general of Li Xiong, again raided Fuling; Zhao Bi, the prefect, perished in the fighting against the bandits.
32
十二月乙未，石勒敗劉曜于洛陽，獲之。
On the yiwei day of the twelfth month Shi Le defeated Liu Yao at Luoyang and took him prisoner.
33
是歲，石勒將石季龍攻氐帥蒲洪於隴山，降之。
That same year Shi Hu, serving Shi Le, struck the Di leader Pu Hong in the Long range and forced his submission.
34
四年春正月，帝在石頭，賊將匡術以苑城歸順，百官赴焉。 侍中鐘雅、右衛將軍劉超謀奉帝出，爲賊所害。 戊辰，冠軍將軍趙胤遣將甘苗討祖約于歷陽，敗之，約奔于石勒，其將牽騰帥衆降。 峻子碩攻臺城，又焚太極東堂、秘閣，皆盡。 城中大饑，米斗萬錢。
In the first month of spring in the fourth year of Xianhe (329), while the emperor remained at Stone Fort, the rebel general Kuang Shu surrendered the Yuan walled park, and the court officials flocked to rejoin him. Zhong Ya, palace attendant, and Liu Chao, right guard general, plotted to spirit the emperor away and were murdered by the rebels. On the wuchen day Zhao Yin, champion general, sent Gan Miao against Zu Yue at Liyang, broke his army, and drove Zu Yue to seek refuge with Shi Le; Zu Yue's general Qian Teng capitulated with his troops. Su Shuo, Su Jun's son, assaulted the terrace city and burned the eastern hall of the Taiji complex and the imperial library to ashes. Famine gripped the city: a peck of rice cost ten thousand cash.
35
二月，大雨霖。 丙戌，諸軍攻石頭。 李陽與蘇逸戰於柤浦，陽軍敗。 建威長史滕含以銳卒擊之，逸等大敗。 含奉帝御于溫嶠舟，羣臣頓首號泣請罪。 弋陽王羕有罪，伏誅。 丁亥，大赦。 時兵火之後，宮闕灰燼，以建平園爲宮。 甲午，蘇逸以萬餘人自延陵湖將入吳興。 乙未，將軍王允之及逸戰于溧陽，獲之。 壬寅，以湘州幷荊州。 劉曜太子毗與其大司馬劉胤帥百官奔於上邽，關中大亂。
In the second month the rains fell without cease. On the bingxu day the allied armies stormed Stone Fort. Li Yang clashed with Su Yi at Zhapu and was defeated. Teng Han, chief clerk on the staff of the general who establishes might, counterattacked with picked troops and shattered Su Yi and his men. Teng Han escorted the imperial palanquin aboard Wen Qiao's ship, where the ministers kowtowed, weeping, and begged forgiveness. Prince Yang of Yiyang was found guilty and executed. On the dinghai day a general amnesty was proclaimed. After the fighting and fires the palace lay in ruins, so the court set up residence in the Jianping Garden. On the jiawu day Su Yi led more than ten thousand men from Lake Yanling toward Wuxing. On the yiwei day Wang Yunzhi overtook Su Yi at Liyang and took him prisoner. On the renyin day Xiangzhou was abolished and annexed to Jingzhou. Liu Yao's crown prince Pi fled to Shanggui with Grand Marshal Liu Yin and the whole court in train, and chaos swept the Guanzhong heartland.
36
三月壬子，以征西大將軍陶侃爲太尉，封長沙郡公； 車騎將軍郗鑒爲司空，封南昌縣公； 平南將軍溫嶠爲驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，封始安郡公。 其餘封拜各有差。 庚午，以右光祿大夫陸曄爲衛將軍、開府儀同三司，復封高密王紘爲彭城王。 以護軍將軍庾亮爲平西將軍、都督揚州之宣城江西諸軍事、假節，領豫州刺史，鎮蕪湖。
On the renzi day of the third month Tao Kan, grand general who conquers the west, was appointed grand commandant and created duke of Changsha. Xi Jian, general of chariots and cavalry, was named minister of works and enfeoffed as duke of Nanchang county. Wen Qiao, general who pacifies the south, was promoted to general of agile cavalry with full ministerial household privileges and created duke of Shian. The other titles and appointments were distributed in graded fashion. On the gengwu day Lu Ye, right grand master of splendid carriage, became general of the guard with ministerial household rank, and Prince Hong of Gaomi was restored to the Pengcheng princedom. Yu Liang, guard general, was named general who pacifies the west, area commander for Xuancheng and the Jiangxi sector of Yangzhou, granted the credential staff, and placed in charge of Yuzhou from his headquarters at Wuhu.
37
夏四月乙未，驃騎將軍、始安公溫嶠卒。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yiwei day, Wen Qiao, general of agile cavalry and duke of Shian, died.
38
秋七月，有星孛于西北。 會稽、吳興、宣城、丹陽大水。 詔復遭賊郡縣租稅三年。
A comet appeared in the northwest during the seventh month of autumn. Severe flooding struck Kuaiji, Wuxing, Xuancheng, and Danyang. The court ordered a three-year remission of taxes for every district that had been ravaged by the rebels.
39
八月，利曜將劉胤等帥衆侵石生，次于雍。
In the eighth month Liu Yao's generals, led by Liu Yin, marched against Shi Sheng and encamped at Yong; the received graph wrongly writes Liu Yao's surname as li instead of Liu.
40
九月，石勒將石季龍擊胤，斬之，進屠上邽，盡滅劉氏，坑其黨三千餘人。
In the ninth month Shi Hu, Shi Le's general, defeated and executed Liu Yin, stormed Shanggui, extirpated the Liu royal house, and executed more than three thousand of their followers in a mass burial.
41
冬十月，廬山崩。
Mount Lu suffered a landslide in the tenth month of winter.
42
十二月壬辰，右將軍郭默害平南將軍、江州刺史劉胤，太尉陶侃帥衆討默。
On the renchen day of the twelfth month Guo Mo, right general, assassinated Liu Yin, general who pacifies the south and inspector of Jiangzhou. Tao Kan, grand commandant, then marched against him.
43
是歲，天裂西北。
That year witnesses reported a fissure-like apparition in the northwestern sky.
44
五年春正月己亥，大赦。 癸亥，詔除諸將任子。
In the first month of spring in the fifth year of Xianhe, on the jihai day, the emperor proclaimed a general amnesty. On the guihai day an edict ended the practice by which generals' sons held sinecure posts as hostages.
45
二月，以尚書陸玩爲尚書左僕射，孔愉爲右僕射。
In the second month Lu Wan of the Masters of Writing was promoted to left vice director and Kong Yu to right vice director.
46
夏五月，旱，且饑疫。 乙卯，太尉陶侃擒郭默于尋陽，斬之。 石勒將劉徵寇南沙，都尉許儒遇害，進入海虞。
The fifth month of summer brought drought together with famine and epidemic disease. On the yimao day Tao Kan, grand commandant, seized Guo Mo at Xunyang and had him executed. Liu Zheng, a general of Shi Le, struck Nansha, killed Commandant Xu Ru, and pushed on into Haiyu.
47
六月癸巳，初稅田，畝三升。
On the guisi day of the sixth month the state began collecting field tax at the rate of three sheng of grain per mu.
48
秋八月，石勒僭卽皇帝位，使其將郭敬寇襄陽。 南中郎將周撫退歸武昌，中州流人悉降於勒。 郭敬遂寇襄陽，屯于樊城。
In the eighth month of autumn Shi Le declared himself emperor of Zhao and dispatched Guo Jing against Xiangyang. Zhou Fu, south gentlemans-household general, fell back to Wuchang, and the refugees from the central plains submitted en masse to Shi Le. Guo Jing pressed the attack on Xiangyang and fortified Fancheng on the opposite bank.
49
九月，造新宮，始繕苑城。 甲辰，徒樂成王欽爲河間王，封彭城王紘子浚爲高密王。
In the ninth month work began on a new palace complex and on restoring the imperial park walls. On the jiachen day Prince Qin of Lecheng was transferred to the Hejian title, while Jun, son of Prince Hong of Pengcheng, was created prince of Gaomi.
50
冬十月丁丑，幸司徒王導第，置酒大會。
On the dingchou day of the tenth month the sovereign visited Wang Dao's mansion, where a banquet was laid for a large gathering of officials.
51
李雄將李壽寇巴東、建平，監軍毌丘奧、太守楊謙退歸宜都。
Li Shou, a general under Li Xiong of Cheng, struck Badong and Jianping, forcing army supervisor Wuqiu Ao and Prefect Yang Qian to withdraw to Yidu.
52
十二月，張駿稱臣于石勒。
In the twelfth month Zhang Jun of Former Liang acknowledged Shi Le as overlord.
53
六年春正月癸巳，劉徵復寇婁縣，遂掠武進。 乙未，進司空郗鑒都督吳國諸軍事。 戊午，以運漕不繼，發王公已下千餘丁，各運米六斛。
On the guisi day of the first month in the sixth year of Xianhe, Liu Zheng raided Lou county again and swept on to pillage Wujin. On the yiwei day Xi Jian, minister of works, was additionally named area commander for all forces in the Wu region. On the wuwu day the grain barges fell behind schedule, so the court drafted over a thousand men from the princely houses on down, each to haul six hu of rice.
54
二月己丑，以幽州刺史、大單于段遼爲驃騎將軍。
On the jichou day of the second month Duan Liao, inspector of Youzhou and grand chanyu of the Xianbei Duan, was appointed general of agile cavalry.
55
三月壬戌朔，日有蝕之。 癸未，詔舉賢良直言之士。
The new moon on renxu in the third month was marked by a solar eclipse. On the guiwei day the throne called for nominations of worthy men willing to speak plain truth to power.
56
夏四月，旱。
Drought persisted through the fourth month of summer.
57
六月丙申，復故河間王顒爵位，封彭城王植子融爲樂成王，章武王混子珍爲章武王。
On the bingshen day of the sixth month Sima Yong's princely rank as prince of Hejian was posthumously restored. Rong, son of Prince Zhi of Pengcheng, was created prince of Lecheng, and Zhen, son of Prince Hun of Zhangwu, succeeded to the Zhangwu title.
58
秋七月，李雄將李壽侵陰平，武都氐帥楊難敵降之。
In the seventh month of autumn Li Shou pushed into Yinping, where Yang Nandi, Di chieftain of Wudu, submitted to him.
59
八月庚子，以左僕射陸玩爲尚書令。
On the gengzi day of the eighth month Lu Wan, left vice director, was elevated to director of the Masters of Writing.
60
七年春正月辛未，大赦。
On the xinwei day of the first month in the seventh year of Xianhe the court issued a general amnesty.
61
三月，西中郎將趙胤、司徒中郎匡術攻石勒馬頭塢，克之。 勒將韓雍寇南沙及海虞。
In the third month Zhao Yin, west gentlemans-household general, and Kuang Shu, a staff gentleman of the minister of education, stormed Shi Le's riverside stronghold at Matou and took it. Han Yong, one of Shi Le's generals, raided Nansha and Haiyu.
62
夏四月，勒將郭敬陷襄陽。
In the fourth month of summer Guo Jing, serving Shi Le, seized Xiangyang.
63
五月，大水。
The fifth month brought widespread flooding.
64
秋七月丙辰，詔諸養獸之屬，損費者多，一切除之。
On the bingchen day of the seventh month an edict abolished every costly palace menagerie and similar extravagance.
65
太尉陶侃遣子平西參軍斌與南中郎將桓宣攻石勒將郭敬，破之，克樊城。 竟陵太守李陽拔新野、襄陽，因而戍之。
Tao Kan, grand commandant, sent his son Tao Bin, an adviser on the staff of the general who pacifies the west, and Huan Xuan, south gentlemans-household general, against Guo Jing. They broke his army and took Fancheng. Li Yang, administrator of Jingling, recovered Xinye and Xiangyang and left troops to hold them.
66
冬十一月壬子朔，進太尉陶侃爲大將軍。 詔舉賢良。
At the new moon on renzi in the eleventh month Tao Kan was promoted from grand commandant to grand general. The court again called for recommendations of worthy men of integrity.
67
十二月庚戌，帝遷于新宮。
On the gengxu day of the twelfth month the emperor took up residence in the new palace.
68
八年春正月辛亥朔，詔曰：「昔犬賊縱暴，宮室焚蕩，元惡雖翦，未暇營築。 有司屢陳，朝會逼狹，遂作斯宮，子來之勞，不日而成。 旣獲臨御，大饗羣后，九賓充誕，百官象物。 知君子勤禮，小人盡力矣。 思蠲密綱，咸同斯惠，其赦五歲刑以下。」 令諸郡舉力人能舉千五百斤以上者。
At the new moon on xinhai in the first month of the eighth year of Xianhe an edict declared that when the rebel dogs ran wild they burned the palace to the ground, that the ringleaders had been cut off, yet that there had been no leisure to rebuild. Ministers kept reporting that court audiences had grown intolerably cramped, so this hall was raised; the people rallied to the work, and it rose in what seemed no time at all. Now that the throne can hold court here, we have feasted the lords, received the envoys in full array, and marshaled the hundred officials according to their emblems. It is plain that gentlemen have kept the rites while commoners have given their utmost. We would loosen the harsh net of the law and share this grace with all: let sentences of five years or less be remitted. In addition, every commandery shall nominate men of proven strength who can lift more than fifteen hundred jin.
69
丙寅，李雄將李壽陷寧州，刺史尹奉及建寧太守霍彪並降之。 癸酉，以張駿爲鎮西大將軍。 丙子，石勒遣使致賂，詔焚之。
On the bingyin day Li Shou overran Ningzhou; Yin Feng, the inspector, and Huo Biao, prefect of Jianning, capitulated with him. On the guiyou day Zhang Jun was appointed grand general who guards the west. On the bingzi day Shi Le sent gifts in an attempt to buy favor; the court ordered the bribes burned in public.
70
夏四月，詔封故新蔡王弼弟邈爲新蔡王。 以束帛徵處士尋陽翟湯、會稽虞喜。
In the fourth month of summer an edict created Sima Miao, younger brother of the late Prince Bi of Xincai, as the new prince of Xincai. The court summoned the recluses Zhai Tang of Xunyang and Yu Xi of Kuaiji with gifts of silk.
71
五月，有星隕于肥鄉。 麒麟、騶虞見于遼東。 乙未，車騎將軍、遼東公慕容廆卒，子皝嗣位。
A meteor streaked down over Feixiang in the fifth month. A qilin and a zouyu, auspicious beasts, were reported in Liaodong. On the yiwei day Murong Hui, general of chariots and cavalry and duke of Liaodong, died; his heir Murong Huang succeeded him.
72
六月甲辰，撫軍將軍王舒卒。
On the jiachen day of the sixth month Wang Shu, general who comforts the army, died.
73
秋七月戊辰，石勒死，子弘嗣偽位，其將石聰以譙來降。
On the wuchen day of the seventh month Shi Le died. His son Shi Hong inherited the Zhao throne, while general Shi Cong brought the district of Qiao over to Jin.
74
冬十月，石弘將石生起兵于關中，稱秦州刺史，遣使來降。 石弘將石季龍攻石朗于洛陽，因進擊石生，俱滅之。
In the tenth month of winter Shi Sheng rose in Guanzhong in the name of inspector of Qinzhou and sent envoys offering submission to Jin. Shi Hu marched on Shi Lang at Luoyang, then turned on Shi Sheng and destroyed them both.
75
十二月，石生故部將郭權遣使請降。
In the twelfth month Guo Quan, a former officer of Shi Sheng, sent word asking to defect to Jin.
76
九年春正月，隕石于涼州二。 以郭權爲鎮西將軍、雍州刺史。
Early in the ninth year two meteorites fell in Liangzhou. Guo Quan was named general who guards the west and inspector of Yongzhou.
77
二月丁卯，加鎮西大將軍張駿爲大將軍。
On the dingmao day of the second month Zhang Jun, grand general who guards the west, received the additional title of grand general.
78
三月丁酉，會稽地震。
An earthquake shook Kuaiji on the dingyou day of the third month.
79
夏四月，石弘將石季龍使石斌攻郭權于郿，陷之。
In the fourth month of summer Shi Hu sent Shi Bin against Guo Quan at Mei and reduced the town.
80
六月，李雄死，其兄子班嗣偽位。 乙卯，太尉、長沙公陶侃薨。 大旱，詔太官撤膳，省刑，恤孤寡，貶費節用。 辛末，加平西將軍庾亮都督江、荊、豫、益、梁、雍六州諸軍事。
Li Xiong died in the sixth month, and his nephew Ban succeeded him on the Cheng throne. On the yimao day Tao Kan, grand commandant and duke of Changsha, died. Amid severe drought the court ordered simpler imperial meals, lighter punishments, relief for widows and orphans, and strict cuts to palace spending. On the xinwei day Yu Liang, general who pacifies the west, was placed in overall command of military affairs across Jiang, Jing, Yu, Yi, Liang, and Yong.
81
秋八月，大雩。 自五月不雨，至于是月。
The court held the great rain sacrifice in the eighth month of autumn. Not a drop had fallen since the fifth month down to this one.
82
九月戊寅，散騎常侍，衛將軍、江陵公陸曄卒。
On the wuyin day of the ninth month Lu Ye, cavalier attendant-in-ordinary, general of the guard, and duke of Jiangling, died.
83
冬十月，李雄子期弑李班而自立，班弟玝與其將焦會、羅凱等並來降。
In the tenth month Li Qi murdered his cousin Li Ban and seized the throne. Ban's brother Li Wu fled to Jin with Jiao Hui, Luo Kai, and other officers.
84
十一月，石季龍弑石弘，自立爲天王。
In the eleventh month Shi Hu murdered Shi Hong and proclaimed himself heavenly king of Zhao.
85
十二月丁卯，以東海王沖爲車騎將軍，琅邪王岳爲驃騎將軍。 蘭陵人朱縱斬石季龍將郭祥，以彭城來降。
On the dingmao day of the twelfth month Prince Chong of Donghai was named general of chariots and cavalry and Prince Yue of Langye general of agile cavalry. Zhu Zong of Lanling slew Guo Xiang, one of Shi Hu's generals, and brought Pengcheng over to Jin.
86
咸康元年春正月庚午朔，帝加元服，大赦，改元，增文武位一等，大酺三日，賜鰥寡孤獨不能自存者米，人五斛。
At the new moon on gengwu in the first month of the Xiankang era the emperor came of age. He proclaimed a general amnesty, adopted the new reign title, promoted officials by one rank, ordered three days of public feasting, and gave five hu of grain to every indigent widower, widow, orphan, or solitary without kin.
87
二月甲子，帝親釋奠。 揚州諸郡饑，遣使振給。
On the jiazi day of the second month the emperor personally offered the capping sacrifice to Confucius. Famine gripped the commanderies of Yangzhou, and the court dispatched officials with relief grain.
88
三月乙酉，幸司徒府。
On the yiyou day of the third month the emperor called at the minister of education's yamen.
89
夏四月癸卯，石季龍寇歷陽，加司徒王導大司馬、假黃鉞、都督征討諸軍事，以禦之。 癸丑，帝觀兵于廣莫門，分命諸將，遣將軍劉仕救歷陽，平西將軍趙胤屯慈湖，龍驤將軍路永戍牛渚，建武將軍王允之戍蕪湖。 司空郗鑒使廣陵相陳光帥衆衛京師，賊退向襄陽。 戊午，解嚴。 石季龍將石遇寇中廬，南中郎將王國退保襄陽。
When Shi Hu struck Liyang in the fourth month of summer, Wang Dao was named grand marshal, given the yellow battle-ax, and placed in supreme command of the armies raised to meet him. On the guichou day the sovereign reviewed the host at Guangmo Gate and issued dispositions: Liu Shi was sent to relieve Liyang, Zhao Yin to hold Cihu, Lu Yong to guard Niuzhu, and Wang Yunzhi to secure Wuhu. Xi Jian, minister of works, ordered Chen Guang of Guangling to march on the capital as a screen, and the invaders drew back toward Xiangyang. On the wuwu day the capital stood down from full mobilization. Shi Yu, serving Shi Hu, struck Zhonglu, and Wang Guo, south gentlemans-household general, fell back to defend Xiangyang.
90
秋八月，長沙、武陵大水。 束帛徵處士翟湯、郭翻。
Changsha and Wuling were inundated in the eighth month of autumn. The court again summoned the recluses Zhai Tang and Guo Fan with bundles of silk.
91
冬十月乙未朔，日有蝕之。
A solar eclipse occurred on the new moon of yiwei in the tenth month of winter.
92
是歲，大旱，會稽餘姚尤甚，米斗五百價，人相賣。
That year the drought was catastrophic; Yuyao in Kuaiji was hardest hit, grain sold for five hundred cash a peck, and people sold one another into slavery.
93
二年春正月辛巳，彗星見于奎。 以吳國內史虞潭爲衛將軍。
On the xinsi day of the first month in the second year of Xiankang a comet appeared in the Kui asterism. Yu Tan, interior secretary of the Wu princedom, was appointed general of the guard.
94
二月，算軍用稅米，空懸五十餘萬石，尚書謝褒巳下免官。 辛亥，立皇后杜氏，大赦，增文武位一等。 庚申，高句驪遣使貢方物。
In the second month an audit of grain levied for military use revealed a shortfall of over half a million shi on the books. Xie Bao of the Masters of Writing and every official beneath him in the chain was dismissed. On the xinhai day Lady Du was invested as empress. The court proclaimed a general amnesty and raised civil and military ranks by one step. On the gengshen day envoys from Goguryeo arrived with tribute of regional goods.
95
三月，旱，詔太官減膳，免所旱郡縣繇役。 戊寅，大雩。
Drought lingered into the third month, so the court ordered simpler palace meals and remitted labor service in every district that the drought had struck. On the wuyin day the court held the great rain sacrifice.
96
夏四月丁巳，皇后見于太廟。 雨雹。
On the dingsi day of the fourth month of summer the empress was presented to the imperial ancestors in the Grand Temple. Hailstorms swept the capital region.
97
秋七月，揚州會稽饑，開倉振給。
In the seventh month of autumn famine struck Kuaiji in Yangzhou, and the government opened its granaries for relief.
98
冬十月，廣州刺史鄧嶽遣督護王隨擊夜郎，新昌太守陶協擊興古，並克之。
In the tenth month of winter Deng Yue, inspector of Guangzhou, dispatched Wang Sui against Yelang and Tao Xie, prefect of Xinchang, against Xinggu; both campaigns succeeded.
99
詔曰：「歷觀先代，莫不褒崇明祀，賓禮三恪。 故杞宋啓土，光于周典； 宗姬侯衛，垂美漢冊。 自頃喪亂，庶邦殄悴，周漢之後，絕而莫繼。 其祥求衛公、山陽公近屬，有履行修明，可以繼承其祀者，依舊典施行。」
An edict declared that in every past dynasty wise rulers honored the great sacrifices and received the three reverent houses of fallen dynasties as honored guests. Thus the houses of Qi and Song received their fiefs and shone in the canonical rites of Zhou. The cadet branches of the Ji surname were enfeoffed to guard the Zhou royal house, a grace recorded in splendor on the Han rolls. In recent generations of turmoil countless states have perished, and the lines that should continue Zhou and Han have been broken with no heirs. Let ministers search out close kin of the dukes of Wei and Shanyang whose conduct is proven and who can maintain their ancestral rites, then invest them according to precedent.
100
新作朱雀浮桁。
A new floating bridge was built at the Vermilion Bird gate.
101
十一月，遣建威將軍司馬勳安集漢中，爲李期將李壽所敗。
In the eleventh month Sima Xun, general who establishes might, was sent to pacify Hanzhong but was routed by Li Shou, a general serving Li Qi of Cheng.
102
三年春正月辛卯，立太學。
On the xinmao day of the first month in the third year of Xiankang the Imperial University was founded.
103
夏六月，旱。
The sixth month of summer brought another drought.
104
冬十一月丁卯，慕容皝自立爲燕王。
On the dingmao day of the eleventh month Murong Huang declared himself king of Yan.
105
四年春二月，石季龍帥衆七萬，擊段遼于遼西，遼奔于平崗。
In the second month of spring in the fourth year of Xiankang, Shi Hu marched seventy thousand men against Duan Liao in Liaoxi and drove him to take refuge at Pinggang.
106
夏四月，李壽弑李期。 僭卽偽位，國號漢。 石季龍爲慕容皝所敗，癸丑，加皝征北大將軍。
In the fourth month of summer Li Shou murdered Li Qi of Cheng. He then seized the throne in usurpation and renamed the state Han. After Shi Hu suffered defeat at Murong Huang's hands, Murong Huang was on the guichou day promoted to grand general who conquers the north.
107
五月乙未，以司徒王導爲太傅、都督中外諸軍事，司空郗鑒爲太尉，征西將軍庾亮爲司空。
On the yiwei day of the fifth month Wang Dao became grand tutor and supreme area commander, Xi Jian was elevated from minister of works to grand commandant, and Yu Liang, general who conquers the west, succeeded Xi Jian as minister of works.
108
六月，改司徒爲丞相，乙太傅王導爲之。
In the sixth month the office of minister of education was retitled chancellor, and Grand Tutor Wang Dao was appointed to the post; the particle meaning by appointment was miscopied as the graph for second heavenly stem.
109
秋八月丙午，分寧州置安州。
On the bingwu day of the eighth month part of Ningzhou was split off to form a new Anzhou.
110
五年春正月辛丑，大赦。
On the xinchou day of the first month in the fifth year of Xiankang the throne proclaimed a general amnesty.
111
三月乙丑，廣州刺史鄧嶽伐蜀，建寧人孟彥執李壽將霍彪以降。
On the yichou day of the third month Deng Yue of Guangzhou invaded Shu, where Meng Yan of Jianning captured Huo Biao, a general of Li Shou, and surrendered him to Jin.
112
夏四月辛未，征西將軍庾亮遣參軍趙松擊巴郡、江陽，獲石季龍將李閎、黃桓等。
On the xinwei day of the fourth month Yu Liang sent Zhao Song against Ba and Jiangyang and took prisoner Li Hong, Huang Huan, and other officers of Shi Hu.
113
秋七月庚申，使持節、侍中、丞相、領揚州刺史、始興公王導薨。 辛酉，以護軍將軍何充錄尚書事。
On the gengshen day of the seventh month Wang Dao, duke of Shian—credential-bearing palace attendant, chancellor, and inspector of Yangzhou—died. On the xinyou day He Chong, guard general, was placed in charge of the Masters of Writing.
114
八月壬午，復改丞相爲司徒。 辛酉，太尉、南昌公郗鑒薨。
On the renwu day of the eighth month the title of chancellor was abolished and the old office of minister of education restored. On the xinyou day Xi Jian, grand commandant and duke of Nanchang, died.
115
九月，石季龍將夔安、李農陷沔南，張貉陷邾城，因寇江夏、義陽，征虜將軍毛寶、西陽太守樊俊、義陽太守鄭進並死之。 夔安等進圍石城，竟陵太守李陽距戰，破之，斬首五千餘級。 安乃退，遂略漢東，擁七千餘家遷于幽冀。
In the ninth month Kui An and Li Nong, generals of Shi Hu, overran the country south of the Han River while Zhang He took Zhu city and pushed into Jiangxia and Yiyang. Mao Bao, general who conquers the caitiffs, Fan Jun of Xiyang, and Zheng Jin of Yiyang all fell in the fighting. Kui An then besieged Shicheng, but Li Yang, administrator of Jingling, gave battle, broke the siege, and took more than five thousand heads. Kui An withdrew but swept through eastern Hanzhong, deporting more than seven thousand households to the You and Ji regions.
116
冬十二月丙戌，以驃騎將軍、琅邪王岳爲司徒。 李壽將李奕寇巴東，守將勞揚戰敗，死之。
On the bingxu day of the twelfth month Prince Yue of Langye, general of agile cavalry, was named minister of education. Li Yi, a general under Li Shou, struck Badong and killed Lao Yang, the defending commander, in defeat.
117
六年春正月庚子，使持節、都督江豫益梁雍交廣七州諸軍事、司空、都亭侯庾亮薨。 辛亥，以左光祿大夫陸玩爲司空。
On the gengzi day of the first month in the sixth year of Xiankang Yu Liang, marquis of Duting—minister of works and area commander for seven provinces from the Yangzi to the south—passed away. On the xinhai day Lu Wan, left grand master of splendid carriage, was appointed minister of works.
118
二月，慕容皝及石季龍將石成戰于遼西，敗之，獻捷于京師。 庚辰，有星孛于太微。
In the second month Murong Huang defeated Shi Cheng, one of Shi Hu's generals, in Liaoxi and sent news of the victory to the capital. On the gengchen day a comet appeared in the Supreme Tenuity asterism.
119
三月丁卯，大赦。 以車騎將軍、東海王沖爲驃騎將軍。 李壽陷丹川，守將孟彥、劉齊、李秋皆死之。
On the dingmao day of the third month a general amnesty was proclaimed. Prince Chong of Donghai, general of chariots and cavalry, was promoted to general of agile cavalry. Li Shou overran Danchuan, where Meng Yan, Liu Qi, and Li Qiu, the defenders, were all killed.
120
秋七月乙卯，初依中興故事，朔望聽政于東堂。
On the yimao day of the seventh month the court revived Eastern Jin practice: on each new and full moon the sovereign would hold court in the East Hall.
121
冬十月，林邑獻馴象。
In the tenth month of winter the kingdom of Linyi sent trained elephants as tribute.
122
十一月癸卯，復琅邪，比漢豐沛。
On the guimao day of the eleventh month the Langye princedom was granted privileges comparable to the Han dynasty's honors for Feng and Pei.
123
七年春二月甲子朔，日有蝕之，己卯，慕容皝遣使求假燕王章璽，許之。
The new moon on jiazi in the second month brought a solar eclipse. On the jimao day Murong Huang's envoys asked for the regalia of king of Yan, and the court assented.
124
三月戊戌，杜皇后崩。
On the wuxu day of the third month Empress Du died.
125
夏四月丁卯。 葬恭皇后于興平陵。 實編戶，王公已下皆正土斷白籍。
The fourth month of summer opened on the dingmao day. Empress Gong was interred at the Xingping mausoleum. The census was tightened so that every household from princes on down was registered under the regular commandery system and the anomalous white-register status was abolished.
126
秋八月辛酉，驃騎將軍、東海王沖薨。
On the xinyou day of the eighth month Prince Chong of Donghai, general of agile cavalry, died.
127
九月，罷太僕官。
In the ninth month the office of grand coachman was suppressed.
128
冬十二月癸酉，司空、興平伯陸玩薨。 除樂府雜伎。 罷安州。
On the guiyou day of the twelfth month Lu Wan, minister of works and baron of Xingping, died. The court dismissed the variety performers of the imperial music bureau. The province of Anzhou was abolished.
129
八年春正月己未朔，日有蝕之。 乙丑，大赦。
A solar eclipse marked the new moon on jiwei in the first month of the eighth year of Xiankang. On the yichou day a general amnesty was issued.
130
三月，初以武悼楊皇后配饗武帝廟。
In the third month Empress Yang the martyr was for the first time given joint offerings in Emperor Wu's temple.
131
夏六月庚寅，帝不豫，詔曰：「朕以眇年，獲嗣洪緒，託于王公之上，于茲十有八年。 未能闡融政道。 翦除逋昆，夙夜戰兢，匪遑寧處。 今遘疾殆不興，是用震悼于厥心。 千齡眇眇，未堪艱難。 司徒、琅邪王岳，親則母弟，體則仁長，君人之風，允塞時望。 肆爾王公卿士，其輔之！ 以祗奉祖宗明祀，協和內外，允執其中。 嗚呼，敬之哉！ 無墜祖宗之顯命。」 壬辰，引武陵王晞、會稽王昱、中書監庾冰、中書令何充、尚書令諸葛恢並受顧命。 癸巳，帝崩于西堂，時年二十二，葬興平陵，廟號顯宗。
On the gengyin day of the sixth month of summer the emperor fell seriously ill. His edict read, I came to the throne in childhood and have now borne the great mandate above the lords of the realm for eighteen years. Yet I have never fully brought lucid harmony to government. While rebels still lurked I trembled day and night and knew no peace. Now sickness grips me and I may not recover; my heart is stricken with dread. The heir is still a child and cannot yet bear the weight of crisis. Prince Yue of Langye, minister of education, is my mother's brother, mature in kindness, with the bearing of a true ruler, and he commands the confidence of the age. Therefore you princes, dukes, and ministers: support him with all your strength. Let him reverently maintain the sacrifices to our forebears, bring harmony within and without, and hold fast the golden mean. Alas, revere this charge. Do not betray the glorious mandate our ancestors have handed down. On the renchen day Prince Xi of Wuling, Prince Yu of Kuaiji, Yu Bing as palace secretariat supervisor, He Chong as palace secretariat director, and Zhuge Hui as director of the Masters of Writing were summoned to receive the dying emperor's testament. On the guisi day he died in the West Hall at the age of twenty-two. He was buried at the Xingping mausoleum with the temple name Xianzong.
132
帝少而聰敏，有成人之量。 南頓王宗之誅也，帝不之知，及蘇峻平，問庾亮曰：「常曰白頭公何在？」 亮對以謀反伏誅，帝泣謂亮曰：「舅言人作賊，便殺之，人言舅作賊，復若何？」 亮懼，變色。 庾懌嘗送酒於江州刺史王允之，允之與犬，犬斃，懼而表之。 帝怒曰：「大舅已亂天下，小舅復欲爾邪？」 懌聞，飲藥而死。 然少爲舅氏所制，不親庶政。 及長，頗留心萬機，務在簡約，常欲于後園作射堂，計用四十金，以勞費乃止。 雄武之度，雖有愧于前王； 恭儉之德，足追蹤于住烈矣。
From boyhood he was quick and perceptive, with the composure of a grown man. He had known nothing of the execution of Prince Zong of Nandun. After Su Jun fell he asked Yu Liang whatever became of the white-haired lord he used to see at court. Yu Liang answered that Prince Zong had been executed for treason. The emperor wept and said, When you say a man is a rebel you kill him at once. If men say you are a rebel, what then? Yu Liang turned pale with fear. Yu Yi once sent wine to Wang Yunzhi, inspector of Jiangzhou. Wang Yunzhi fed it to a dog, which died; he then memorialized the throne in alarm. The emperor raged, Your elder uncle has already brought chaos on the realm. Would your younger uncle do the same? When Yu Yi heard this he took poison and died. In his youth he was dominated by his uncles on his mother's side and did not personally handle routine administration. Once grown he took a closer interest in state affairs and insisted on frugality. He once planned an archery hall in the rear garden until the estimate came to forty jin of gold, whereupon he dropped the project as too costly. In heroic vigor he perhaps fell short of earlier sovereigns; In reverent thrift he could stand beside the finest exemplars of the past; the received text miswrites the verb go as dwell.
133
康皇帝諱岳，字世同，成帝母弟也。 咸和元年封吳王，二年徙封琅邪王； 九年拜散騎常侍，加驃騎將軍，咸康五年遷侍中、司徒。
Emperor Kang, personal name Yue, courtesy name Shitong, was Emperor Cheng's full younger brother. In the first year of Xianhe he was created prince of Wu and in the second was transferred to the Langye princedom. In the ninth year of Xianhe he became cavalier attendant-in-ordinary and general of agile cavalry, and in the fifth year of Xiankang he rose to palace attendant and minister of education.
134
八年六月庚寅，成帝不悆，詔以琅邪王爲嗣。 癸巳，成帝崩。 甲午，卽皇帝位，大赦。 諸屯戍文武及二千石官長，不得輒離所局而來奔赴。 己亥，封成帝子丕爲琅邪王，奕爲東海王。 時帝諒陰不言，委政于庾冰、何充。 秋七月丙辰，葬成皇帝于興平陵。 帝親奉奠于西階，旣發引，徒行至閶闔門，升素輿，至于陵所。 己未，以中書令何充爲驃騎將軍。
On the gengyin day of the sixth month in the eighth year of Xiankang Emperor Cheng fell mortally ill and named the prince of Langye as successor. On the guisi day Emperor Cheng died. On the jiawu day he ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. Civil and military officers at frontier posts and every prefect ranked at two thousand piculs were forbidden to abandon their commands and rush to the capital. On the jihai day Emperor Cheng's sons Pi and Yi were created princes of Langye and Donghai respectively. The new sovereign observed mourning silence and left affairs to Yu Bing and He Chong. On the bingchen day of the seventh month Emperor Cheng was laid to rest at the Xingping mausoleum. The emperor himself offered libations on the west steps, then walked behind the bier to the Changhe gate, boarded an unadorned cart, and accompanied the cortège to the tomb. On the jiwei day He Chong, palace secretariat director, was named general of agile cavalry.
135
九月，詔琅邪國及府史進位各有差。
In the ninth month an edict rewarded the household and staff of the Langye princedom with graded promotions.
136
冬十月甲午，衛將軍王允之卒。
On the jiawu day of the tenth month Wang Yunzhi, general of the guard, died.
137
十二月，增文武位二等。 壬子，立皇后褚氏。
In the twelfth month civil and military officials were promoted by two ranks. On the renzi day Lady Chu was invested as empress.
138
建元元年春正月，改元，振恤鰥寡孤獨。
In the first month of spring in the first year of the Jianyuan era the reign title was changed and relief was extended to widowers, widows, orphans, and those without kin.
139
三月，以中書監庾冰爲車騎將軍。 夏四月，益州刺史周撫、西陽太守曹據伐李壽，敗其將恆于江陽。
In the third month Yu Bing, palace secretariat supervisor, was appointed general of chariots and cavalry. In the fourth month of summer Zhou Fu, inspector of Yizhou, and Cao Ju, prefect of Xiyang, attacked Li Shou and routed one of his generals at Jiangyang; the name in the text may stand for Huan.
140
五月，旱。
The fifth month brought drought again.
141
六月壬午，又以束帛徵處士尋陽翟湯、會稽虞喜。
On the renwu day of the sixth month the court once more summoned Zhai Tang of Xunyang and Yu Xi of Kuaiji with gifts of silk.
142
有司奏，成帝崩一周，請改素服，御進膳如舊。 壬寅，詔曰：「禮之降殺，因時而寢興，誠無常矣。 至于君親相准，名教之重，莫之改也。 權制之作，蓋出近代，雖曰適事，實弊薄之始。 先王崇之，後世猶怠，而況因循，又從輕降，義弗可矣。」 石季龍帥衆伐慕容皝，皝大敗之。
The ministry reported that the first anniversary of Emperor Cheng's death had come and asked that mourning dress give way and the sovereign resume normal meals. On the renyin day an edict declared that the gradations of ritual wax and wane with the times and are never fixed. Yet the parity owed to sovereign and parent, the weight of moral teaching, admits no arbitrary change. Expedient rules are a recent innovation. Though they suit the moment, they are the first step toward shallow custom. The ancient kings prized these norms, yet later ages grew slack. To drift along now and further ease the rites would violate right principle. The edict closed. Shi Hu then marched against Murong Huang and was crushingly defeated.
143
秋七月，石季龍將戴開帥衆來降。 丁巳，詔曰：「慕容皝摧殄羯寇，乃云死沒八萬餘人，將是其天亡之始也。 中原之事，宜加籌量。 且戴開已帥部黨歸順，宜見慰勞。 其遣使詣安西、驃騎，咨謀諸軍事。」
In the seventh month of autumn Dai Kai, a general of Shi Hu, brought his command over to Jin. On the dingsi day an edict noted that Murong Huang had shattered the Jie host with losses put at more than eighty thousand, perhaps the first sign that Heaven was turning against them. Affairs in the Central Plain should be weighed with care. Moreover Dai Kai has already defected with his following and deserves imperial commendation. Let envoys be sent to the general who pacifies the west and the general of agile cavalry to concert all military measures.
144
以輔國將軍、琅邪內史桓溫爲前鋒小督、假節，帥衆入臨淮，安西將軍庾翼爲征討大都督，遷鎮襄陽。
Huan Wen, general who supports the state and interior secretary of Langye, was named junior van commander of the van, given the credential staff, and ordered into Linhuai with his troops. Yu Yi, general who pacifies the west, became grand campaign commander-in-chief and shifted his headquarters to Xiangyang.
145
庚申，晉陵、吳郡災。
On the gengshen day fire or storm disaster struck Jinling and Wu commandery.
146
八月，李壽死，子勢嗣偽位。 石季龍使其將劉寧攻陷狄道。
In the eighth month Li Shou died and his son Li Shi inherited the Cheng throne. Shi Hu sent Liu Ning to take Didao.
147
冬十月辛巳，以車騎將軍庾冰都督荊江司雍益梁六州諸軍事、江州刺史，以驃騎將軍何充爲中書監、都督揚豫二州諸軍事、揚州刺史、錄尚書事，輔政。 以琅邪內史桓溫都督青徐兗三州諸軍事、徐州刺史，褚裒爲衛將軍、領中書令。
On the xinsi day of the tenth month Yu Bing, general of chariots and cavalry, was named area commander for Jing, Jiang, Si, Yong, Yi, and Liang and inspector of Jiangzhou. He Chong, general of agile cavalry, became palace secretariat supervisor, area commander for Yang and Yu, inspector of Yangzhou, overseer of the Masters of Writing, and regent. Huan Wen was placed in command of Qing, Xu, and Yan and given Xuzhou as inspector. Chu Ai was named general of the guard and acting palace secretariat director.
148
十一月己巳，大赦。
On the jisi day of the eleventh month a general amnesty was proclaimed.
149
十二月，石季龍侵張駿，駿使其將軍謝艾拒之，大戰于河西，季龍敗績。 十二月，高句驪遣使朝獻。
In the twelfth month Shi Hu invaded Zhang Jun, who sent Xie Ai to meet him. They fought west of the Yellow River and Shi Hu was routed. That same twelfth month Goguryeo sent tribute envoys to court.
150
二年春正月，張駿遣其將和驎、謝艾討南羌于闐和，大破之。
In the first month of spring in the second year of Jianyuan, Zhang Jun dispatched He Lin and Xie Ai against the Southern Qiang in the Khotan region and shattered them.
151
二月，慕容皝及鮮卑帥宇文歸戰于昌黎，歸衆大敗，奔于漠北。
In the second month Murong Huang fought the Xianbei chieftain Yuwen Gui at Changli, broke his army, and drove him into the northern steppe.
152
四月，張駿將張瓘敗石季龍將王擢于三交城。
In the fourth month Zhang Guan, serving Zhang Jun, defeated Wang Zhuo of Zhao at Sanjiao city.
153
秋八月丙子，進安西將軍庾翼爲征西將軍。 庚辰，持節、都督司雍梁三州諸軍事、梁州刺史、平北將軍、竟陵公桓宣卒。
On the bingzi day of the eighth month Yu Yi was promoted from general who pacifies the west to general who conquers the west. On the gengchen day Huan Xuan, duke of Jingling—credential-bearing area commander for Si, Yong, and Liang, inspector of Liangzhou, and general who pacifies the north—died.
154
丁巳，以衛將軍褚裒爲特進、都督徐兗二州諸軍事、兗州刺史，鎮金城。
On the dingsi day Chu Ai, general of the guard, was given specially advanced rank, command over Xu and Yan, the inspectorship of Yanzhou, and a garrison at Jincheng.
155
九月，巴東太守楊謙擊李勢將申陽，走之，獲其將樂高。 丙申，立皇子聃爲皇太子。
In the ninth month Yang Qian, prefect of Badong, attacked Shen Yang, a general of Li Shi, drove him off, and took Yue Gao prisoner. On the bingshen day the emperor's son Sima Dan was invested as crown prince.
156
戊戌，帝崩于式乾殿。 時年二十三，葬崇平陵。
On the wuxu day Emperor Kang died in the Shiqian Hall. He was twenty-three. He was buried at the Chongping mausoleum.
157
初，成帝有疾，中書令庾冰自以舅氏當朝，權侔人主，恐異世之後，戚屬將疏，乃言國有強敵，宜立長君，遂以帝爲嗣。 制度年號，再興中朝，因改元曰建元。 或謂冰曰：「郭璞讖云『立始之際丘山傾』，立者，建也； 始者，元也； 丘山，諱也。」 冰瞿然，旣而歎曰：「如有吉凶，豈改易所能救乎？」 至是果驗云。
Earlier, when Emperor Cheng fell ill, Yu Bing, palace secretariat director, knew that as maternal uncle he dominated the court with power rivaling the throne. Fearing that in another generation his kin would lose influence, he argued that strong foes abroad required a mature sovereign and had Kang named heir. He framed a new reign title to signal a second restoration of the central court, hence the adoption of Jianyuan. Someone told Yu Bing that Guo Pu's prophecy read that when establishment and beginning meet, the hills will crumble, and that li stands for jian. Shi stands for the primary yuan. Hills is a cryptic reference to the imperial taboo name Yue. Yu Bing started, then sighed, If doom is written, can we avert it by juggling words? Events afterward proved the omen true.
158
史臣曰：肆虐滔天，豈伊朝夕。 若乃詳刑不怨，庶情猶仰，又可以見逆順之機焉。 成帝因削弱之資，守江淮之地，政出渭陽，聲乖威服。 凶徒旣縱，神器阽危，京華元敖之資，宮室類咸陽之火。 桀犬吠堯。 封狐嗣亂，方諸后羿，曷若斯之甚也。 反我皇駕，不有晉文之師，繫于苞桑，且賴陶公之力。 古之侯服，不幸臣家，天子宣游，則避宮北面，聞諸遺策，用爲恆範。 顯宗于王導之門，斂衣前拜，豈魯公受玉之卑乎！ 帝亦克儉于躬，庶能激揚流弊者也。
The historians write that wanton rebellion rising to heaven is never the work of a single dawn or dusk. When punishments are just and the people do not resent them, the multitude still looks upward to the throne, and one may read therein the hinge of loyalty and revolt. Emperor Cheng inherited a weakened realm and held the line along the Yangzi and Huai, yet policy issued from his uncles on the Wei bank while his prestige no longer matched awe and submission. Once the rebels ran free the throne tottered, the capital lacked any deep bulwark, and the palaces blazed like Xianyang in Qin's fall. Jie's hounds barked at Yao himself. The monstrous fox carried on the havoc; set beside the misrule of Hou Yi, which was worse? Had not armies worthy of Duke Wen of Jin rallied the imperial carriage, and had the dynasty not been tethered like the mulberry at its roots, it would have owed everything to Lord Tao Kan's might. By ancient feudal etiquette a lord did not domineer over his minister's house. When the sovereign went abroad he vacated the palace and faced north; the old canons made that the standing rule. Emperor Xianzong gathered his robes and bowed deep at Wang Dao's gate; can that be read as mere humility like the Duke of Lu accepting the jade? The sovereign was frugal in his own conduct and thus could strike against the drift of excess.
159
贊曰：惟皇夙表，余舅爲毗。 勤於致寇，拙於行師。 火及君屋，兵纏帝帷。 石頭之駕，海內含悲。 康后天資，居哀禮縟。 墜典方興，降齡奚促。
The encomium runs: The sovereign showed promise early while uncles on his mother's side stood as his pillars. They were zealous in inviting enemies yet clumsy in leading armies. Flames licked the ruler's hall and blades ringed the imperial bed-curtains. The removal of the imperial carriage to Stone Fort wrung grief from the whole realm. Empress Dowager Kang was gifted by nature and observed mourning with the fullest rites. Fallen rites had barely been revived when his allotted years were cut short; why so soon?