1
穆皇帝諱聃，字彭子，康帝子也。 建元二年九月丙申，立爲皇太子。 戊戌，康帝崩。 己亥，太子卽皇帝位，時年二歲。 大赦，尊皇后爲皇太后。 壬寅，皇太后臨朝攝政。
Emperor Mu, whose personal name was Dan and courtesy name Pengzi, was the son of Emperor Kang. In the ninth month of the second year of the Jianyuan era (344 CE), on the day bingshen, he was named crown prince. The following day, wuxu, Emperor Kang passed away. On jihai the crown prince ascended the throne at the age of two. The court proclaimed a general amnesty and elevated the empress to empress dowager. On renyin the empress dowager began to rule as regent.
2
冬十月乙丑，葬康皇帝于崇平陵。
In winter, the tenth month, on yichou, Emperor Kang was interred at Chongping Ling.
3
十一月庚辰，車騎將軍庾冰卒。
In the eleventh month, on gengchen, Yu Bing, general of chariots and cavalry, died.
4
永和元年春正月甲戌朔，皇太后設白紗帷於太極殿，抱帝臨軒。 改元。 甲申，進鎮軍將軍、武陵王晞爲鎮軍大將軍、開府儀同三司，以鎮軍將軍顧衆爲尚書右僕射。
In spring, the first month of the first Yonghe year (345), new moon on jiashu, the empress dowager hung a white gauze screen in the Taiji Hall, cradled the young emperor, and held audience from the front gallery. The era name was changed to Yonghe. On jiashen Prince Xi of Wuling rose from general stabilizing the army to great general stabilizing the army with an independent office and Three-Dukes protocol, while Gu Zhong, who had held the latter post, was appointed right vice director of the Secretariat.
5
夏四月壬戌，詔會稽王昱錄尚書六條事。
In the fourth summer month, on renxu, the throne ordered Prince Hui of Kuaiji to take charge of the six portfolios of the Secretariat.
6
五月戊寅，大雩。 尚書令、金紫光祿大夫、建安伯諸葛恢卒。
In the fifth month, on wuyin, the court performed the great rain ceremony. Zhuge Hui, director of the Secretariat, grandee of the golden purple splendor rank, and Marquis of Jian’an, died.
7
六月癸亥，地震。
In the sixth month, on guihai, an earthquake struck.
8
秋七月庚午，持節、都尉江荊司梁雍益寧七州諸軍事、江州刺史、征西將軍、都亭侯庾翼卒。 翼部將于瓚、戴羲等殺冠軍將軍曹據，舉兵反，安西司馬朱燾討平之。
In autumn, the seventh month, on gengwu, Yu Yi died—he had held the staff of authority, commanded armies across Jiang, Jing, Si, Liang, Yong, Yi, and Ning, governed Jiang Province, led the western expedition, and held the Duting village marquisate. Subordinates of Yu Yi, Yu Zan and Dai Xi among them, murdered General Who Vanquishes Champions Cao Ju and mutinied; Zhu Xi, marshal on the western front, crushed the rising.
9
八月，豫州刺史路永叛奔于石季龍。 庚辰，以輔國將軍、徐州刺史桓溫爲安西將軍、持節、都督荊司雍益梁寧六州諸軍事，領護南蠻校尉、荊州刺史。 石季龍將路永屯于壽春。
In the eighth month Lu Yong, governor of Yu, defected to Shi Hu (Shi Jilong). On gengchen Huan Wen was promoted from general supporting the state and governor of Xu to general pacifying the west, given the staff, placed over Jing, Si, Yong, Yi, Liang, and Ning, named colonel of the southern Man, and made governor of Jing. Shi Hu’s general Lu Yong took position at Shouchun.
10
九月丙申，皇太后詔曰：「今百姓勞弊，其共思詳所以振卹之宜。 及歲常調非軍國要急者，並宜停之。」
In the ninth month, on bingshen, the empress dowager proclaimed: “The people are exhausted; let officials everywhere consider carefully how best to bring them relief. Routine annual levies that are not vital to army or state should all be suspended.”
11
冬十二月，李勢將爨頠來奔。 涼州牧張駿伐焉耆，降之。
In the twelfth winter month Cuan Yi, a commander under Li Shi, came over to the Jin side. Zhang Jun, governor of Liang, attacked Yanqi and forced its submission.
12
二年春正月丙寅，大赦。 己卯，使持節、侍中、都督揚州諸軍事、揚州刺史、驃騎將軍、錄尚書事、都鄉侯何充卒。
In the second year, spring, first month, on bingyin, a general amnesty was declared. On jimao He Chong died—he had carried the staff, served in the palace, commanded Yang Province, led the agile cavalry, overseen the six portfolios, and held the Duxiang marquisate.
13
二月癸丑，以左光祿大夫葵謨領司徒，錄尚書六條事、撫軍大將軍、會稽王昱及謨並輔政。
On guichou in the second month Cai Mo, senior grandee of the left with splendid emolument, took acting charge of the Secretariat while Prince Hui of Kuaiji, great general nurturing the army and supervisor of the six portfolios, served with him as co-regent.
14
三月丙子，以前司徒左長史殷浩爲建武將軍、揚州刺史。
On bingzi Yin Hao, formerly senior administrator on the left of the Secretariat, was appointed general establishing martial prowess and governor of Yang.
15
夏四月己酉朔，日有蝕之。
At new moon on jiyou in the fourth summer month there was an eclipse of the sun.
16
五月丙戌，涼州牧張駿卒，子重華嗣。
In the fifth month, on bingxu, Zhang Jun, governor of Liang, died and was succeeded by his son Zhang Chonghua.
17
六月。 石季龍將王擢襲武街，執張重華護軍胡宣。 又使麻秋、孫伏都伐金城，太守張沖降之。 重華將謝艾擊秋，敗之。
Sixth month (no major entry). Shi Hu’s general Wang Zhuo struck Wujie and captured Hu Xuan, Zhang Chonghua’s protector-general. He also dispatched Ma Qiu and Sun Fudu against Jincheng, whose prefect Zhang Chong yielded. Zhang Chonghua’s commander Xie Ai attacked Ma Qiu and routed him.
18
秋七月，以兗州刺史褚裒爲征北大將軍，開府儀同三司。
In the seventh autumn month Chu Pou, governor of Yan, was promoted to general campaigning north with an independent office and Three-Dukes protocol.
19
冬十月，地震。
In the tenth winter month the earth shook.
20
十一月辛未，安西將軍桓溫帥征虜將軍周撫，輔國將軍、譙王無忌，建武將軍袁喬伐蜀，拜表輒行。
On xinwei in the eleventh month Huan Wen, general pacifying the west, marched on Shu at the head of Zhou Fu, Yuan Qiao, and Prince Wuji of Qiao, filing his plan and moving without waiting for further orders.
21
十二月，枉矢自東南流於西北，其長竟天。
In the twelfth month a comet-like “crooked arrow” streaked from southeast to northwest across the full vault of heaven.
22
三年春正月乙卯，桓溫攻成都，克之。 丁亥，李勢降，益州平。 林邑范文攻陷日南，害太守夏侯覽，以尸祭天。
In the third year, spring, first month, on yimao, Huan Wen assaulted Chengdu and captured it. On dinghai Li Shi capitulated and Shu was pacified. Fan Wen of Linyi overran Rinan, slew Prefect Xiahou Lan, and offered his body in a sacrifice to Heaven.
23
夏四月，地震。 蜀人鄧定、隗文舉兵反，桓溫又擊破之，使益州刺史周撫鎮彭模。 丁巳，鄧定、隗文復入據成都，征虜將軍楊謙棄涪城，退保德陽。
In the fourth summer month there was an earthquake. Deng Ding and Wei Wen of Shu rose again; Huan Wen defeated them and stationed Zhou Fu as governor of Yi at Pengmo. On dingsi Deng Ding and Wei Wen reoccupied Chengdu; Yang Qian, general campaigning against caitiffs, abandoned Fucheng and fell back to Deyang.
24
五月戊申，進慕容皝爲安北將軍。 石季龍又使其將石寧、麻秋等伐涼州，次於曲柳。 張重華使將軍牛旋禦之，退守枹罕。
In the fifth month, on wushen, Murong Huang was promoted to general pacifying the north. Shi Hu again sent Shi Ning, Ma Qiu, and others against Liang, halting their advance at Quliu. Zhang Chonghua sent Niu Xuan to meet them but pulled back to hold Fuhan.
25
六月辛酉，大赦。
In the sixth month, on xinyou, a general amnesty was issued.
26
秋七月，范文復陷日南，害督護劉雄。 隗文立范賁爲帝。
In the seventh autumn month Fan Wen seized Rinan again and killed protector Liu Xiong. Wei Wen set up Fan Ben as ruler.
27
八月戊午，張重華將謝艾進擊麻秋，大敗之。
On wuwu in the eighth month Xie Ai, Zhang Chonghua’s commander, struck Ma Qiu and won a crushing victory.
28
九月，地震。
In the ninth month the earth trembled.
29
冬十月乙丑，假涼州刺史張重華大都督隴右關中諸軍事、護羌校尉、大將軍，武都氐王楊初爲征南將軍、雍州刺史、平羌校尉、仇池公，並假節。
On yichou in the tenth winter month Zhang Chonghua was confirmed acting governor of Liang with broad command over Longyou and Guanzhong, Qiang colonelcy, and full general’s rank, while Yang Chu, Di king of Wudu, became general campaigning south, governor of Yong, pacification colonel of the Qiang, and duke of Qiuchi—both appointments carried the ceremonial staff.
30
十二月，振威護軍蕭敬文害征虜將軍楊謙，攻涪城，陷之。 遂取巴西，通于漢中。
In the twelfth month Xiao Jingwen, general rousing might, murdered Yang Qian, stormed Fucheng, and captured it. He then overran Ba commandery and opened a corridor into Hanzhong.
31
四年夏四月，范文寇九德，多所殺害。
In the fourth year, fourth summer month, Fan Wen pillaged Jiude with heavy slaughter.
32
五月，大水。
The fifth month brought severe floods.
33
秋八月，進安西將軍桓溫爲征西大將軍、開府儀同三司，封臨賀郡公； 西中郎將謝尚爲安西將軍。
In the eighth autumn month Huan Wen rose to great general campaigning west with an independent office, Three-Dukes honors, and the title of duke of Linhe; Xie Shang, general of the central west command, became general pacifying the west.
34
九月丙申，慕容皝死，子儁嗣偽位。
On bingshen in the ninth month Murong Huang died and his son Murong Jun inherited the usurper’s throne.
35
冬十月己未，地震。 石季龍使其將苻健寇竟陵。
On jiwei in the tenth winter month there was an earthquake. Shi Hu sent Fu Jian against Jingling.
36
十二月，豫章人黃韜自號孝神皇帝，聚衆數千，寇臨川，太守庾條討平之。
In the twelfth month Huang Tao of Yuzhang declared himself “Emperor Xiaoshen,” mustered several thousand followers, struck Linchuan, and was put down by Prefect Yu Tiao.
37
五年春正月辛巳朔，大赦。 庚寅，地震。 石季龍僭卽皇帝位于鄴。
In the fifth year, at new moon on xinsi in the first spring month, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On gengyin the earth shook. Shi Hu proclaimed himself emperor at Ye.
38
二月，征北大將軍褚裒使部將王龕北伐，獲石季龍將支重。
In the second month Chu Pou, great general campaigning north, sent Wang Kan north and took Zhi Zhong, one of Shi Hu’s generals, prisoner.
39
夏四月，益州刺史周撫、龍驤將軍朱燾擊范賁，獲之，益州平。 封周撫爲建城公。 假慕容儁大將軍、幽平二州牧、大單于、燕王。 征西大將軍桓溫遣督軍滕畯討范文，爲文所敗。 石季龍死，子世嗣偽位。
In the fourth summer month Zhou Fu, governor of Yi, and Zhu Xi, dragon martial general, defeated Fan Ben, took him alive, and restored order in Shu. Zhou Fu was ennobled duke of Jiancheng. Murong Jun received brevet rank as great general, governor of You and Ping, great shanyu, and king of Yan. Huan Wen sent Teng Jun against Fan Wen and suffered a defeat at Fan Wen’s hands. Shi Hu died and his son Shi Shi inherited the usurping regime.
40
五月，石遵廢世而自立。
In the fifth month Shi Zun ousted Shi Shi and seized the throne.
41
六月，桓溫屯安陸，遣諸將討河北。 石遵揚州刺史王浹以壽陽來降。
In the sixth month Huan Wen camped at Anlu and dispatched generals toward the north bank of the Yellow River. Wang Jian, Shi Zun’s governor of Yang, brought Shouyang over to Jin.
42
秋七月，褚裒進次彭城，遣部將王龕、李邁及石遵將李農戰于代陂，王師敗績，王龕爲農所執，李邁死之。
In the seventh autumn month Chu Pou pushed to Pengcheng and threw Wang Kan and Li Mai against Li Nong of Zhao at Daibo; the imperial army was shattered, Wang Kan captured, and Li Mai killed.
43
八月，褚裒退屯廣陵，西中郎將陳逵焚壽春而遁。 梁州刺史司馬勳功石遵長城戍，仇池公楊初襲西城，皆破之。
In the eighth month Chu Pou fell back to Guangling while Chen Kui of the central west command torched Shouchun and retreated. Sima Xun, governor of Liang, stormed Shi Zun’s outpost at Changcheng, while Yang Chu, duke of Qiuchi, struck Xicheng; both operations succeeded.
44
冬十月，石遵將石遇攻宛，陷之，執南陽太守郭啓。 司馬勳進次懸鉤，石季龍故將麻秋距之，勳退還梁州。
In the tenth winter month Shi Yu, Shi Zun’s general, stormed Wan, captured it, and took Nanyang’s prefect Guo Qi prisoner. Sima Xun advanced to Xuangu but Ma Qiu, once Shi Hu’s commander, blocked him, so he pulled back to Liang Province.
45
十一月丙辰，石鑒弑石遵而自立。
On bingchen in the eleventh month Shi Jian assassinated Shi Zun and claimed power.
46
十二月己酉，使持節、都督徐兗二州諸軍事、徐州刺史、征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、都鄉侯褚裒卒。 以建武將軍、吳國內史荀羨爲使持節、監徐兗二州諸軍事、北中郎將、徐州刺史。
On jiyou in the twelfth month Chu Pou died—he had held the staff, commanded Xu and Yan, governed Xu, led the northern expedition, opened his own office, matched the Three Dukes, and borne the Duxiang marquisate. Xun Xian, general establishing martial prowess and interior administrator of Wu, was appointed credential-holder supervising Xu and Yan, north central commandant, and governor of Xu.
47
六年春正月，帝臨朝，以褚裒喪故，懸而不樂。
In the sixth year, first spring month, the emperor held court but, mourning Chu Pou, suspended the usual music.
48
閏月，冉閔弑石鑒，僭稱天王，國號魏。 鑒弟祗僭帝號于襄國。 丁丑，彗星見于亢。 己丑，加中軍將軍殷浩督揚豫徐兗青五州諸軍事、假節。 氐帥苻洪遣使來降，以爲氐王，封廣川郡公。 假洪子健節，監河北諸軍事、右將軍，封襄國縣公。
In the intercalary month Ran Min killed Shi Jian, styled himself heavenly king, and called his regime Wei. Shi Zhi, Shi Jian’s brother, declared himself emperor at Xiangguo. On dingchou a comet appeared in the Kang lunar lodge. On jichou Yin Hao, central army general, was given command over Yang, Yu, Xu, Yan, and Qing with a ceremonial staff. Di leader Fu Hong offered submission and was recognized as king of the Di and duke of Guangchuan. His son Fu Jian received the staff, oversight of Hebei, rank of general of the right, and the county dukedom of Xiangguo.
49
三月，石季龍故將麻秋鴆殺苻洪于枋頭。
In the third month Ma Qiu, once Shi Hu’s commander, poisoned Fu Hong at Fangtou.
50
夏五月，大水。 廬江太守袁眞攻合肥，克之。
The fifth summer month brought catastrophic floods. Yuan Zhen, prefect of Lujiang, attacked and captured Hefei.
51
六月，石祗遣其弟琨攻冉閔將王泰于邯鄲，琨師敗績。
In the sixth month Shi Zhi sent Shi Kun against Wang Tai at Handan; Shi Kun’s force was routed.
52
秋八月，輔國將軍、譙王無忌薨。 苻健帥衆入關。
In the eighth autumn month Prince Wuji of Qiao, general supporting the state, died. Fu Jian marched his army through the passes into Guanzhong.
53
冬十一月，冉閔圍襄國。
In the eleventh winter month Ran Min laid siege to Xiangguo.
54
十二月，免司徒蔡謨爲庶人。
In the twelfth month Cai Mo was stripped of his post as director of the Secretariat and reduced to commoner rank.
55
是歲，大疫。
That year a great plague ravaged the realm.
56
七年春正月丁酉，日有蝕之。 辛丑，鮮卑段龕以青州來降。 苻健僭稱王，國號秦。
In the seventh year, first spring month, on dingyou, the sun was eclipsed. On xinchou the Xianbei leader Duan Kan brought Qing Province over to Jin. Fu Jian declared himself king of the state he called Qin.
57
二月戊寅，以段龕爲鎮北將軍，封齊公。 石祗大敗冉閔于襄國。
On wuyin in the second month Duan Kan was named general stabilizing the north and ennobled duke of Qi. Shi Zhi inflicted a crushing defeat on Ran Min at Xiangguo.
58
夏四月，梁州刺史司馬勳出步騎三萬，自漢中入秦川，與苻健戰于五丈原，王師敗績。 加尚書令顧和開府儀同三司。 劉顯殺石祗。
In the fourth summer month Sima Xun, governor of Liang, marched thirty thousand troops from Hanzhong into the Guanzhong plain and met Fu Jian at Wuzhangyuan; the imperial army was routed. Gu He, director of the Secretariat, was granted an independent office with Three-Dukes protocol. Liu Xian murdered Shi Zhi.
59
五月，祗兗州刺史劉啓自鄄城來奔。
In the fifth month Liu Qi, whom Shi Zhi had appointed governor of Yanzhou, fled from Juancheng to the Jin court.
60
秋七月，尚書令、左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司顧和卒。 甲辰，濤水入石頭，溺死者數百人。
In the seventh autumn month Gu He died—director of the Secretariat, left grandee with splendid stipend, and holder of a Three-Dukes office. On jiachen the Tao River burst into Shitou, drowning hundreds.
61
八月，冉閔豫州牧張遇以許昌來降，拜鎮西將軍。
In the eighth month Zhang Yu, whom Ran Min had made governor of Yu, surrendered Xuchang and was named general pacifying the west.
62
九月，峻陽、太陽二陵崩。 甲辰，帝素服臨于太極殿三日，遣兼太常趙拔修復山陵。
In the ninth month the imperial tombs Junyang and Taiyang gave way. On jiachen the emperor, dressed in mourning white, kept vigil in the Taiji Hall for three days and dispatched Zhao Ba, acting minister of ceremonials, to restore the hillside mausolea.
63
冬十月，雷雨，震電。
The tenth winter month brought thunderstorms and lightning.
64
十一月，石祗將姚弋仲、冉閔將魏脫各遣使來降，以弋仲爲車騎將軍、大單于，封高陵郡公； 弋仲子襄爲平北將軍、都督幷州諸軍事、幷州刺史、平鄉縣公； 脫爲安北將軍、監冀州諸軍事、冀州刺史。
In the eleventh month Yao Yizhong, a general of Shi Zhi, and Wei Tuo, a general of Ran Min, each offered submission; Yao Yizhong became general of chariots and cavalry, great shanyu, and duke of Gaoling; his son Yao Xiang received rank as general pacifying the north, commander over Bing, governor of Bing, and duke of Pingxiang; Wei Tuo was named general pacifying the north, supervisor of Ji, and governor of Ji.
65
十二月辛未，征西大將軍桓溫帥衆北伐，次于武昌而止。 時石季龍故將周成屯廩丘，高昌屯野王，樂立屯許昌，李歷屯衛國，皆相次來降。
On xinwei in the twelfth month Huan Wen marched north but halted at Wuchang and went no farther. Former commanders of Shi Hu—Zhou Cheng at Linqiu, Gao Chang at Yewang, Yue Li at Xuchang, and Li Li at Weiguo—surrendered one after another.
66
八年春正月辛卯，日有蝕之。 劉顯僭帝號于襄國，冉閔擊破，殺之。 苻健僭帝號于長安。
In the eighth year, first spring month, on xinmao, the sun was eclipsed. Liu Xian declared himself emperor at Xiangguo; Ran Min crushed him and put him to death. Fu Jian proclaimed himself emperor at Chang’an.
67
二月，峻平、崇陽二陵崩。 戊辰，帝臨三日，遣殿中都尉王惠如洛陽，以衛五陵。 鎮西將軍張遇反于許昌，使其黨上官恩據洛陽。 樂弘攻督護戴施於倉垣。
In the second month the tombs Junping and Chongyang collapsed. On wuchen the emperor mourned three days and sent Wang Hui, commandant of the palace corps, to Luoyang to secure the five Jin tombs. Zhang Yu, general pacifying the west, mutinied at Xuchang and had Shangguan En seize Luoyang. Yue Hong assaulted protector Dai Shi at Cangyuan.
68
三月，使北中郎荀羨鎮淮陰。 苻健別帥侵順陽，太守薛珍擊破之。
In the third month Xun Xian, north central commandant, was posted to Huaiyin. A detached column of Fu Jian’s raided Shunyang, but Prefect Xue Zhen drove it back.
69
夏四月，冉閔爲慕容儁所滅。 儁僭帝號于中山，稱燕。 安西將軍謝尚帥姚襄與張遇戰于許昌之誡橋，王師敗績。 苻健使其弟雄襲遇，虜之。
In the fourth summer month Murong Jun destroyed Ran Min. Murong Jun declared himself emperor at Zhongshan and named his state Yan. Xie Shang, general pacifying the west, led Yao Xiang against Zhang Yu at the Jie Bridge outside Xuchang and suffered a rout. Fu Jian dispatched his brother Fu Xiong, who struck Zhang Yu and took him prisoner.
70
秋七月，大雩。 石季龍故將王擢遣使請降，拜征西將軍、秦州刺史。 丁酉，以鎮軍大將軍、武陵王晞爲太宰，撫軍大將軍、會稽王昱爲司徒，征西大將軍桓溫爲太尉。
In the seventh autumn month the court held the great rain ceremony. Wang Zhuo, once a commander under Shi Hu, asked to submit and was named general campaigning west and governor of Qin. On dingyou Prince Xi of Wuling rose to grand tutor, Prince Hui of Kuaiji to minister of education, and Huan Wen to grand commandant.
71
八月，平西將軍周撫討蕭敬文于涪城，斬之。 冉閔子智以鄴降，督護戴施獲其傳國璽，送之，文曰「受天之命，皇帝壽昌」，百僚畢賀。
In the eighth month Zhou Fu, general pacifying the west, attacked Xiao Jingwen at Fucheng and executed him. Ran Zhi, Ran Min’s son, yielded Ye; Dai Shi, the protector, recovered the jade seal inscribed “By Heaven’s charge, long life to the emperor,” and the whole bureaucracy hailed the omen.
72
九月，冉智爲其將馬願所執，降于慕容恪。 中軍將軍殷浩帥衆北伐，次泗口，遣河南太守戴施據石門，滎陽太守劉遂戍倉垣。
In the ninth month Ran Zhi was seized by his own officer Ma Yuan and handed over to Murong Ke. Yin Hao, central army general, marched north to Sikou, ordered Dai Shi to secure Shimen, and Liu Sui to hold Cangyuan.
73
冬十月，秦州刺史王擢爲苻健所逼，奔于涼州。
In the tenth winter month Wang Zhuo, governor of Qin, broke under pressure from Fu Jian and fled into Liang.
74
九年春正月乙卯朔，大赦。 張重華使王擢與苻健將苻雄戰，擢師敗績。 丙寅，皇太后與帝同拜建平陵。
At new moon on yimao in the ninth year’s first spring month a general amnesty was declared. Zhang Chonghua sent Wang Zhuo against Fu Xiong and lost badly. On bingyin the empress dowager and the emperor jointly visited Jianping Ling.
75
三月，旱。 交州刺史阮敷討林邑范佛于日南，破其五十餘壘。
The third month brought drought. Ruan Fu, governor of Jiao, attacked Lin-yi’s Fan Fo in Rinan and over fifty of his fortified camps.
76
夏四月，以安西將軍謝尚爲尚書僕射。
In the fourth summer month Xie Shang, general pacifying the west, was appointed vice director of the Secretariat.
77
五月，大疫。 張重華復使王擢襲秦州，取之。 仇池公楊初爲苻雄所敗。
A fierce epidemic struck in the fifth month. Zhang Chonghua again dispatched Wang Zhuo, who seized Qin Province. Yang Chu, duke of Qiuchi, was beaten by Fu Xiong.
78
秋七月丁酉，地震，有聲如雷。
On dingyou in the seventh autumn month the earth shook with a roar like thunder.
79
八月，遣兼太尉、河間王欽修復五陵。
In the eighth month the Prince of Hejian, acting as grand commandant, was sent to restore the five tombs at Luoyang.
80
冬十月，中軍將軍殷浩進次山桑，使平北將軍姚襄爲前鋒，襄叛，反擊浩，浩棄輜重，退保譙城。 丁未，涼州牧張重華卒，子耀靈嗣。 是月，張祚弑耀靈而自稱涼州牧。
In the tenth winter month Yin Hao pushed to Shansang and put Yao Xiang in the van; Yao Xiang mutinied, wheeled about, and routed Yin Hao, who abandoned his supply train and fell back to Qiao. On dingwei Zhang Chonghua, governor of Liang, died and was succeeded by his son Zhang Yaoling. That same month Zhang Zuo assassinated Yaoling and seized the title of governor of Liang.
81
十一月，殷浩使部將劉啓、王彬之討姚襄，復爲襄所敗，襄遂進據芍陂。
In the eleventh month Yin Hao’s generals Liu Qi and Wang Binzhi attacked Yao Xiang but were crushed; Yao Xiang then moved onto Shaopi.
82
十二月，加尚書僕射謝尚爲都督豫、揚、江西諸軍事，領豫州刺史，鎮歷陽。
In the twelfth month Xie Shang, vice director of the Secretariat, was given command over Yu, Yang, and Jiangxi, with concurrent governorship of Yu from a base at Liyang.
83
十年春正月己酉朔，帝臨朝，以五陵未復，懸而不樂。 涼州牧張祚僭帝位。 冉閔降將周成舉兵反，自宛陵襲洛陽。 辛酉，河南太守戴施奔鮪渚。 丁卯，地震，有聲如雷。
At new moon on jiyou in the tenth year’s first spring month the emperor held court but, with the Luoyang tombs still unrestored, suspended music. Zhang Zuo, governor of Liang, declared himself emperor. Zhou Cheng, a defector from Ran Min’s ranks, rose in arms, marched from Wanling, and struck Luoyang. On xinyou Dai Shi, prefect of Henan, fled to Weizhu. On dingmao the earth quaked with thunderous noise.
84
二月己丑，太尉、征西將軍桓溫帥師伐關中。 廢揚州刺史殷浩爲庶人，以前會稽內史王述爲揚州刺史。
On jichou in the second month Huan Wen, grand commandant and general campaigning west, marched into the Guanzhong heartland. Yin Hao was stripped of his post as governor of Yang and reduced to commoner rank; Wang Shu, formerly interior administrator of Kuaiji, replaced him.
85
夏四月己亥，溫及苻健子萇戰于藍田，大敗之。
On jihai in the fourth summer month Huan Wen met Fu Chang, Fu Jian’s son, at Lantian and won a decisive victory.
86
五月，江西乞活郭敞等執陳留內史劉仕而叛，京師震駭，以吏部尚書周閔爲中軍將軍，屯于中堂，豫州刺史謝尚自歷陽還衛京師。
In the fifth month qihu survivor bands west of the River, led by Guo Chang, seized Liu Shi, administrator of Chenliu, and mutinied, throwing the capital into alarm; Zhou Min, minister of personnel, was made central army general and camped in the central hall, while Xie Shang hurried back from Liyang to shield the capital.
87
六月，苻健將苻雄悉衆及桓溫戰于白鹿原，王師敗績。
In the sixth month Fu Xiong brought Fu Jian’s whole army against Huan Wen at Bailuyuan and routed the Jin force.
88
秋九月辛酉，桓溫糧盡，引還。
On xinyou in the ninth autumn month Huan Wen, out of supplies, withdrew.
89
夏四月壬申，隕霜。 乙酉，地震。 姚襄帥衆寇外黃，冠軍將軍高季大破之。
On renshen in the fourth summer month killing frost descended. On yiyou the earth shook. Yao Xiang raided Waihuang but Gao Ji, general who vanquishes champions, shattered his force.
90
五月丁未，地又震。
On dingwei in the fifth month another earthquake struck.
91
六月，苻健死，其子生嗣偽位。
In the sixth month Fu Jian died and his son Fu Sheng inherited the usurper’s throne.
92
秋七月，宋混、張瓘弑張祚，而立耀靈弟玄靚爲大將軍、涼州牧，遣使來降。 以吏部尚書周閔爲尚書左僕射，領軍將軍王彪之爲尚書右僕射。
In the seventh autumn month Song Hun and Zhang Guan killed Zhang Zuo and set Zhang Xuanjing, Yaoling’s younger brother, over Liang as great general and governor, then sent envoys to submit to Jin. Zhou Min became left vice director of the Secretariat and Wang Bianzhi, general commanding the army, right vice director.
93
冬十月，進豫州刺史謝尚督幷冀幽三州諸軍事、鎮西將軍，鎮馬頭。
In the tenth winter month Xie Shang was promoted to supervise Bing, Ji, and You as general pacifying the west, based at Matou.
94
十二月，慕容恪帥衆寇廣固。 壬戌，上黨人馮鴦自稱太守，背苻生遣使來降。
In the twelfth month Murong Ke marched against Guanggu. On renxu Feng Yuan of Shangdang declared himself prefect, broke with Fu Sheng, and offered allegiance to Jin.
95
十二年春正月丁卯，帝臨朝，以皇太后母喪，懸而不樂。 鎮北將軍段龕及慕容恪戰于廣固，大敗之，恪退據安平。
On dingmao in the twelfth year’s first spring month the emperor held court but, mourning the empress dowager’s mother, forwent music. Duan Kan, general stabilizing the north, met Murong Ke at Guanggu and routed him; Murong Ke drew back to Anping.
96
二月辛丑，帝講《孝經》。
On xinchou in the second month the emperor lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety.
97
三月，姚襄入于許昌，以太尉桓溫爲征討大都督以討之。
In the third month Yao Xiang occupied Xuchang, and Huan Wen was named supreme commander of punitive expeditions to bring him to heel.
98
秋八月己亥，桓溫及姚襄戰于伊水，大敗之，襄走平陽，徙其餘衆三千餘家于江漢之間，執周成而歸。 使揚武將軍毛穆之，督護陳午，輔國將軍、河南太守戴施鎮洛陽。
On jihai in the eighth autumn month Huan Wen crushed Yao Xiang at the Yi River; Yao fled toward Pingyang while more than three thousand of his households were resettled between the Yangzi and the Han, and Zhou Cheng was taken captive for the march home. Mao Muzhi, Chen Wu, and Dai Shi were ordered to hold Luoyang—the first as general rousing martial prowess, the second as protector, the third as general supporting the state and prefect of Henan.
99
冬十月癸巳朔，日有蝕之。 慕容恪攻段龕於廣固，使北中郎將荀羨帥師次于琅邪以救之。
At new moon on guisi in the tenth winter month the sun was eclipsed. Murong Ke besieged Duan Kan at Guanggu while Xun Xian, north central commandant, was sent toward Langye in a relief effort.
100
十一月，遣兼司空、散騎常侍車灌，龍驤將軍袁眞等持節如洛陽，修五陵。
In the eleventh month Che Guan, acting minister of works, Yuan Zhen, dragon martial general, and others went to Luoyang with the staff of authority to restore the five tombs.
101
十二月庚戌，以有事于五陵，告于太廟，帝及羣臣皆服緦，于太極殿臨三日。
On gengxu in the twelfth month, with rites pending at the five tombs, the court reported to the imperial temple; emperor and ministers wore the finest mourning grade and kept vigil three days in the Taiji Hall.
102
是歲，仇池公楊國爲其從父俊所殺，俊自立。
That year Yang Guo, duke of Qiuchi, was murdered by his cousin Yang Jun, who then seized power.
103
三月，帝講《孝經》。 壬申，親釋奠于中堂。
In the third month the emperor again lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety. On renshen he personally offered the teacher’s libation in the central hall.
104
夏五月庚午，鎮西將軍謝尚卒。 苻生將苻眉、苻堅擊姚襄，戰於三原，斬之。
On gengwu in the fifth summer month Xie Shang, general pacifying the west, died. Fu Mei and Fu Jian, generals of Fu Sheng, caught Yao Xiang at Sanyuan and struck off his head.
105
六月，苻堅殺苻生而自立。 以軍司謝奕爲使持節、都督、安西將軍、豫州刺史。
In the sixth month Fu Jian slew Fu Sheng and took the throne. Xie Yi, army supervisor, was appointed credential-holder, area commander, general pacifying the west, and governor of Yu.
106
秋七月，苻堅將張平以幷州降，遂以爲幷州刺史。
In the seventh autumn month Zhang Ping, a general of Fu Jian’s, surrendered Bing Province and was confirmed as its governor.
107
八月丁未，立皇后何氏，大赦，賜孝悌鰥寡米，人五斛，逋租宿債皆勿收，大酺三日。
On dingwei in the eighth month Lady He was enthroned as empress, a general amnesty was issued, the virtuous and needy received five hu of grain each, old taxes and debts were forgiven, and the capital feasted for three days.
108
冬十月，皇后見於太廟。
In the tenth winter month the new empress was presented at the imperial temple.
109
十一月，雷。
Thunder rolled in the eleventh month.
110
十二月，乙太常王彪之爲尚書左僕射。
In the twelfth month Wang Bianzhi, minister of ceremonials, was appointed left vice director of the Secretariat.
111
二年春正月，司徒、會稽王昱稽首歸政，帝不許。
In the second year’s first spring month Prince Hui of Kuaiji, who held the post of minister of education, begged to yield the regency, but the emperor refused.
112
三月，慕容儁陷冀州諸郡，詔安西將軍謝奕、北中郎將荀羨北伐。 三月，佽飛督王饒獻鴆鳥，帝怒，鞭之二百，使殿中御史焚其鳥于四達之衢。
In the third month Murong Jun overran Ji Province; the court ordered Xie Yi and Xun Xian to march north against him. Wang Rao, overseer of the cifei guard, offered a zhen poison-fowl; the emperor, enraged, had him flogged two hundred times and the bird burned at a public crossroads.
113
夏五月，大水。 有星孛于天船。
The fifth summer month brought severe floods. A comet appeared in the lodge Celestial Boat.
114
六月，幷州刺史張平爲苻堅所逼，帥衆三千奔于平陽，堅追敗之。 慕容恪進據上黨，冠軍將軍馮鴦以衆叛歸慕容儁，儁盡陷河北之地。
In the sixth month Zhang Ping, governor of Bing, broke under Fu Jian’s pressure and fled toward Pingyang with three thousand men; Fu Jian overtook him and won a victory. Murong Ke moved into Shangdang; Feng Yuan, general who vanquishes champions, defected with his troops to Murong Jun, who then overran the whole north of the Yellow River.
115
秋八月，安西將軍謝奕卒。 壬申，以吳興太守謝萬爲西中郎將、持節、監司豫冀幷四州諸軍事、豫州刺史。 以散騎常侍郗曇爲北中郎將、持節、都督徐兗青冀幽五州諸軍事、徐兗二州刺史，鎮下邳。
In the eighth autumn month Xie Yi, general pacifying the west, died. On renshen Xie Wan, prefect of Wuxing, was named general of the central west command, given the staff, and placed over Si, Yu, Ji, and Bing as governor of Yu. Xi Tan, cavalier attendant for regular service, became north central commandant with credentials, commander over Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, and You, dual governor of Xu and Yan, and was posted to Xiapi.
116
十一月庚子，雷。 辛酉，地震。
Thunder sounded on gengzi in the eleventh month. On xinyou the earth shook.
117
十二月，北中郎將荀羨及慕容儁戰于山荏，王師敗績。
In the twelfth month Xun Xian met Murong Jun at Shanren; the imperial army was routed.
118
三年春三月甲辰，詔以比年出軍，糧運不繼，王公已下十三戶借一人一年助運。
In the third year’s third spring month, on jiachen, an edict required every thirteen households from princely rank down to supply one laborer for a year to help move army grain.
119
秋七月，平北將軍高昌爲慕容儁所逼，自白馬奔于滎陽。
In the seventh autumn month Gao Chang, general pacifying the north, fled Murong Jun’s advance from Baima to Xingyang.
120
冬十月慕容儁寇東阿，遣西中郎將謝萬次下蔡，北中郎將郗曇次高平以擊之，王師敗績。
In the tenth winter month Murong Jun struck Dong’e; Jin sent Xie Wan toward Xiacai and Xi Tan toward Gaoping to counterattack, but the imperial force was defeated.
121
十一月戊子，進揚州刺史王述爲衛將軍。
On wuzi in the eleventh month Wang Shu, governor of Yang, was promoted to general guarding the court.
122
十二月，又以中軍將軍、琅邪王丕爲驃騎將軍，東海王奕爲車騎將軍。 封武陵王晞子㻱爲梁王。 交州刺史溫放之帥兵討林邑參黎、耽潦，並降之。
In the twelfth month Prince Pi of Langye was raised to agile cavalry general and Prince Yi of Donghai to general of chariots and cavalry. The son of Prince Xi of Wuling, whose name is written the cited text, was invested as prince of Liang. Wen Fangzhi, governor of Jiao, campaigned against Lin-yi’s outposts at Canli and Danlao and reduced both.
123
四年春正月，仇池公楊俊卒，子世嗣。 丙戌，慕容儁死，子暐嗣偽位。
In the fourth year’s first spring month Yang Jun, duke of Qiuchi, died and was succeeded by his son Yang Shi. On bingxu Murong Jun died and his son Murong Wei inherited the Yan throne.
124
二月，鳳皇將九雛見于豐城。
In the second month a phoenix with nine fledglings was sighted at Fengcheng.
125
秋七月，以軍役繁興，省用撤膳。
In the seventh autumn month, with conscription and labor heavy, the court cut spending and curtailed palace kitchens.
126
八月辛丑朔，日有蝕之，旣。
At new moon on xinchou in the eighth month the sun was eclipsed to totality.
127
冬十月，天狗流于西南。
In the tenth winter month a meteoric “heavenly dog” streaked into the southwest sky.
128
十一月，封太尉桓溫爲南郡公，溫弟沖爲豐城縣公，子濟爲臨賀郡公。 鳳皇復見豐城，衆鳥隨之。
In the eleventh month Huan Wen was ennobled duke of Nan, his brother Huan Chong duke of Fengcheng county, and his son Huan Ji duke of Linhe. The phoenix appeared again at Fengcheng, followed by flocks of other birds.
129
五年春正月戊戌，大赦，賜鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，人米五斛。 北中郎將、都督徐兗青冀幽五州諸軍事、徐兗二州刺史郗曇卒。
On wuxu in the fifth year’s first spring month a general amnesty was declared and five hu of grain was issued to each indigent widow, widower, orphan, or childless elder. Xi Tan died—he had been north central commandant, commander over Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, and You, and dual governor of Xu and Yan.
130
二月，以鎮軍將軍范汪爲都督徐兗青冀幽五州諸軍事、安北將軍、徐兗二州刺史。 平南將軍、廣州刺史、陽夏侯滕含卒。
In the second month Fan Wang, general stabilizing the army, took command of Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, and You as general pacifying the north and dual governor of Xu and Yan. Teng Han died—general pacifying the south, governor of Guang, and marquis of Yangxia.
131
夏四月，大水。 太尉桓溫鎮宛，使其弟豁將兵取許昌。 鳳皇見于沔北。
The fourth summer month brought major floods. Huan Wen, grand commandant, based himself at Wan while his brother Huan Huo seized Xuchang. A phoenix was sighted north of the Han River.
132
五月丁巳，帝崩于顯陽殿，時年十九。 葬永平陵，廟號孝宗。
On dingsi in the fifth month the emperor died in the Xianyang Hall at the age of nineteen. He was interred at Yongping Ling and given the temple name Xiaozong.
133
哀皇帝諱丕，字千齡，成帝長子也。 咸康八年，封爲琅邪王。 永和元年拜散騎常侍，十二年加中軍將軍，升平三年除驃騎將軍。
Emperor Ai, personal name Pi and courtesy name Qianling, was Emperor Cheng’s eldest son. In the eighth Xiankang year he was invested prince of Langye. He became cavalier attendant for regular service in the first Yonghe year, central army general in the twelfth Yonghe year, and agile cavalry general in the third Shengping year.
134
五年五月丁巳，穆帝崩。 皇太后令曰：「帝奄不救疾，胤嗣未建。 琅邪王丕，中興正統，明德懋親。 昔在咸康，屬當儲貳。 以年在幼沖，未堪國難，故顯宗高讓。 今義望情地，莫與爲比，其以王奉大統。」 于是百官備法駕，迎于琅邪第。 庚申，卽皇帝位，大赦。 壬戌，詔曰：「朕獲承明命，入纂大統。 顧惟先王宗廟，蒸嘗無主，太妃喪庭，廓然靡寄，悲痛感摧，五內抽割。 宗國之尊，情禮兼隆，胤嗣之重，義無與二。 東海王奕，戚屬親近，宜奉本統，其以奕爲琅邪王。」
On dingsi in the fifth month of the fifth year Emperor Mu passed away. The empress dowager proclaimed: “The sovereign has been taken by a sudden fatal illness, and no heir has been named. Prince Pi of Langye stands in the legitimate succession of the restored house, a man of shining virtue and the closest royal kin. Already in the Xiankang era he was marked for the heir apparent’s place. Because he was still a child, the court judged him unable to bear the realm’s troubles, and Emperor Cheng therefore passed the succession to another branch. Now, in public standing and moral claim, none can rival him; let the prince receive the great mandate.” The full bureaucracy arrayed the imperial equipage and escorted him from the Langye princely mansion. On gengshen he ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. On renxu he issued an edict: “We have received the luminous mandate and entered upon the great succession. Yet the shrines of our late sovereigns lack a chief mourner for their sacrifices, and the hall where the Grand Consort lies is desolate with nowhere to lodge our grief; sorrow rends our very vitals. The dignity of the imperial clan demands the fullest rites of affection, and the burden of the succession allows no rival claimant. Prince Yi of Donghai is our nearest kinsman and should carry the original princely line; let Yi be invested Prince of Langye.”
135
秋七月戊午，葬穆皇帝于永平陵。 慕容恪攻陷野王，守將呂護退保滎陽。
On wuwu in the seventh autumn month Emperor Mu was buried at Yongping Ling. Murong Ke captured Yewang; Lu Hu, the garrison commander, fell back to Xingyang.
136
八月己卯夜，天裂，廣數丈，有聲如雷。
On jimao in the eighth month the night sky seemed to split open for several zhang with a roar like thunder.
137
九月戊申，立皇后王氏。 穆帝皇后何氏稱永安宮。 呂護叛奔于慕容暐。
On wushen in the ninth month Lady Wang was enthroned as empress. Empress Dowager He, consort of Emperor Mu, was given the title of the Yong’an palace. Lu Hu mutinied and defected to Murong Wei.
138
冬十月，安北將軍范汪有罪，廢爲庶人。
In the tenth winter month Fan Wang, general pacifying the north, was found guilty and reduced to commoner rank.
139
十一月丙辰，詔曰：「顯宗成皇帝顧命，以時事多艱，弘高世之風，樹德博重，以隆社稷。 而國故不巳，康穆早世，胤祚不融。 朕以寡德，復承先緒，感惟永慕，悲育兼摧。 夫昭穆之義，固宜本之天屬。 繼體承基，古今常道。 宜上嗣顯宗，以修本統。」
On bingchen in the eleventh month an edict recalled how Emperor Cheng’s dying charge, in an age of hardship, had urged a lofty style of rule and deep virtue to strengthen the dynasty. Yet calamity did not end; Emperors Kang and Mu died young, and the succession faltered. We, of little merit, now inherit that thread; we mourn without end, torn between grief for the dead and care for the living. The temple order of zhao and mu must rest on true blood descent. To continue the royal person and receive the foundation is the unchanging rule of all ages. We should therefore return the succession to Emperor Cheng’s line and restore the legitimate descent.”
140
十二月，加涼州刺史張玄靚爲大都督隴右諸軍事、護羌校尉、西平公。
In the twelfth month Zhang Xuanjing, governor of Liang, was promoted to overall command in Longyou, Qiang colonel, and duke of Xiping.
141
隆和元年春正月壬子，大赦，改元。 甲寅，減田稅，畝收二升。 是月，慕容暐將呂護、傅末波攻陷小壘，以逼洛陽。
In the first Longhe year, on renzi in the first spring month, a general amnesty was declared and the era name changed. On jiayin land tax was cut so that only two sheng per mu was levied. That same month Lu Hu and Fu Mobo, generals of Murong Wei, seized an outwork and tightened the noose on Luoyang.
142
二月辛未，以輔國將軍、吳國內史庾希爲北中郎將、徐兗二州刺史，鎮下邳； 前鋒監軍、龍驤將軍袁眞爲西中郎將、監護豫司幷冀四州諸軍事、豫州刺史，鎮汝南，並假節。 丙子，尊所生周氏爲皇太妃。
On xinwei in the second month Yu Xi, general supporting the state and interior administrator of Wu, became north central commandant and dual governor of Xu and Yan, based at Xiapi; while Yuan Zhen, vanguard army supervisor and dragon martial general, became general of the central west command with oversight of Yu, Si, Bing, and Ji and governorship of Yu from Runan—both posts carried the ceremonial staff. On bingzi the emperor’s natural mother, Lady Zhou, was elevated to grand consort.
143
三月甲寅朔，日有蝕之。
At new moon on jiayin in the third month the sun was eclipsed.
144
夏四月，旱。 詔出輕繫，振困乏。 丁丑，梁州地震，浩亹山崩。 呂護復寇洛陽。 乙酉，輔國將軍、河南太守戴施奔于宛。
The fourth summer month was stricken by drought. An edict freed minor convicts and aided the starving. On dingchou Liang Province quaked and Haomen Mountain gave way. Lu Hu struck Luoyang again. On yiyou Dai Shi, general supporting the state and prefect of Henan, fled to Wan.
145
五月丁巳，遣北中郎將庾希、竟陵太守鄧遐以舟師救洛陽。
On dingsi in the fifth month Yu Xi and Deng Xia, prefect of Jingling, were sent upriver with a fleet to relieve Luoyang.
146
秋七月，呂護等退守小平津。 進琅邪王奕爲侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府。 鄧遐進屯新城，庾希部將何謙及慕容暐將劉則戰于檀丘，破之。
In the seventh autumn month Lu Hu’s force drew back to hold Little Ping Ford. Prince Yi of Langye was promoted to palace attendant and great general of agile cavalry with an independent office. Deng Xia moved to Xincheng; He Qian under Yu Xi met Murong Wei’s Liu Ze at Tanqiu and defeated him.
147
八月，西中郎將袁眞進次汝南，運米五萬斛以饋洛陽。
In the eighth month Yuan Zhen, general of the central west command, advanced to Runan and shipped fifty thousand hu of grain to supply Luoyang.
148
冬十月，賜貧乏者米，人五斛。 章武王珍薨。
In the tenth winter month the poor were issued five hu of grain each. Sima Zhen, prince of Zhangwu, died.
149
十二月戊午朔，日有蝕之。 詔曰：「戎旅路次，未得輕簡賦役。 玄象失度，亢旱爲患，豈政事未洽，將有板築、渭濱之士邪！ 其搜揚隱滯，蠲除苛碎，詳議法令，咸從損耍。」 庾希自下邳退鎮山陽，袁眞自汝南退鎮壽陽。
At new moon on wuwu in the twelfth month the sun was eclipsed. An edict ran: “While troops are on the march we cannot lightly cut taxes or labor service. The heavens are out of joint and killing drought stalks the land—are our policies still awry, or are we missing the wise men Ban once raised or the sage by the Wei! Search out hidden talent, repeal harsh petty rules, review the code in detail, and let every measure be pared to what truly matters.” Yu Xi fell back from Xiapi to Shanyang, and Yuan Zhen from Runan to Shouyang.
150
興寧元年春二月己亥，大赦，改元。
In the first Xingning year, on jihai in the second spring month, a general amnesty was issued and the era name changed.
151
三月壬寅，皇太妃薨于琅邪第。 癸卯，帝奔喪，詔司徒、會稽王昱總內外衆務。
On renyin in the third month the grand consort died at the Langye mansion. On guimao the emperor went into mourning while Prince Hui of Kuaiji, minister of education, was ordered to oversee all court and camp business.
152
夏四月，慕容暐寇滎陽，太守劉遠奔魯陽。 甲戌，揚州地震，湖瀆溢。
In the fourth summer month Murong Wei struck Xingyang and Prefect Liu Yuan bolted for Luyang. On jiaxu Yang Province quaked and lakes burst their banks.
153
五月，加征西大將軍桓溫侍中、大司馬、都督中外諸軍事、錄尚書事、假黃鉞。 復以西中郎將袁眞都督司、冀、幷三州諸軍事，北中郎將廋希都督青州諸軍事。 癸卯，慕容暐陷密城，滎陽太守劉遠奔于江陵。
In the fifth month Huan Wen was given palace attendant rank, the grand marshalcy, command over all military affairs civil and military, supervision of the Secretariat, and the ceremonial yellow axe. Yuan Zhen, general of the central west command, was again placed over Si, Ji, and Bing, while Yu Xi, north central commandant, received sole command of Qing Province. On guimao Murong Wei seized Mi, and Liu Yuan, prefect of Xingyang, fled to Jiangling.
154
秋七月，張天錫弑涼州刺史、西平公張玄靚，自稱大將軍、護羌校尉、涼州牧、西平公。 丁酉，葬章皇太妃。
In the seventh autumn month Zhang Tianxi assassinated Zhang Xuanjing, governor of Liang and duke of Xiping, and declared himself great general, Qiang colonel, governor of Liang, and duke of Xiping. On dingyou the late Honored Grand Consort Zhang was buried.
155
八月，有星孛于角亢，入天市。
In the eighth month a comet appeared in the lodges Horn and Neck and entered the Celestial Market.
156
九月壬戌，大司馬桓溫帥衆北伐。 癸亥，以皇子生，大赦。
On renxu in the ninth month Grand Marshal Huan Wen marched north at the head of a large army. On guihai the birth of a prince occasioned a general amnesty.
157
冬十月甲申，立陳留王世子恢爲王。
On jiashen in the tenth winter month Hui, heir of the Prince of Chenliu, was invested as prince in his own right.
158
十一月，姚襄故將張駿殺江州督護趙毗，焚武昌，略府藏以叛，江州刺史桓沖討斬之。
In the eleventh month Zhang Jun, once Yao Xiang’s officer, murdered protector Zhao Pi, torched Wuchang, looted the granaries, and mutinied; Huan Chong, governor of Jiang, crushed the rising and executed him.
159
是歲，慕容暐將慕容塵攻陳留太守袁披于長平。 汝南太守朱斌承虛襲許昌，克之。
That year Murong Chen, a general of Murong Wei, besieged Yuan Pi, prefect of Chenliu, at Changping. Zhu Bin, prefect of Runan, struck Xuchang while it was weak and captured it.
160
二年春二月庚寅，江陵地震。 慕容暐將慕容評襲許昌，潁川太守李福死之。 評遂侵汝南，太守朱斌遁于壽陽。 又進圍陳郡，太守朱輔嬰城固守。 桓溫遣江夏相劉岵擊退之。 改左軍將軍爲遊擊將軍，罷右軍、前軍、後軍將軍五校三將官。 癸卯，帝親耕藉田。
On gengyin in the second spring month of the second year Jiangling was shaken by an earthquake. Murong Ping, Murong Wei’s commander, hit Xuchang; Li Fu, prefect of Yingchuan, fell in the fighting. Murong Ping then pushed into Runan, and Zhu Bin fled to Shouyang. He then besieged Chen commandery, where Zhu Fu sealed the walls and stood a stubborn defense. Huan Wen dispatched Liu Hu, chancellor of Jiangxia, who drove him back. The left army general’s title was changed to roaming strike general, and the right, front, and rear army commands with their five-camp establishments were abolished. On guimao the emperor performed the sacred plowing at the ceremonial field.
161
三月庚戌朔，大閱戶人，嚴法禁，稱爲庚戌制。 辛未，帝不悆。 帝雅好黃老，斷穀，餌長生藥，服食過多，遂中毒，不識萬機，崇德太后復臨朝攝政。
At new moon on gengxu in the third month the court conducted a sweeping household census and stiffened the code—the measure went down in history as the gengxu regulations. On xinwei the emperor fell seriously ill. The sovereign had dabbled in Huang-Lao asceticism, avoided grain, and swallowed elixirs in dangerous quantity until he was poisoned and could no longer govern; Empress Dowager Chongde resumed the regency.
162
夏四月甲申，慕容暐遣其將李洪侵許昌，王師敗績于懸瓠，朱斌奔于淮南，朱輔退保彭城。 桓溫遣西中郎將袁眞、江夏相劉岵等鑿楊儀道以通運，溫帥舟師次于合肥，慕容塵復屯許昌。
On jiashen in the fourth summer month Murong Wei’s Li Hong struck Xuchang; the imperial army was shattered at Xuanhu; Zhu Bin bolted for the Huai region and Zhu Fu retreated to Pengcheng. Huan Wen ordered Yuan Zhen, Liu Hu, and others to open the Yang-Yi canal for supply; he himself brought a fleet to Hefei while Murong Chen reoccupied Xuchang.
163
五月，遷陳人于陸以避之。 戊辰，以揚州刺史王述爲尚書令、衛將軍。 以桓溫爲揚州牧、錄尚書事。 壬申，遣使喻溫入相，溫不從。
In the fifth month the population of Chen was moved inland to Lu to escape the Yan advance. On wuchen Wang Shu, governor of Yang, became director of the Secretariat and general guarding the court. Huan Wen was named governor of Yang and overseer of the Secretariat. On renshen envoys urged Huan Wen to come to the capital as chief minister; he refused.
164
秋七月丁卯，復徵溫入朝。
On dingmao in the seventh autumn month he was summoned to court again.
165
八月，溫至赭圻，遂城而居之。 苻堅別帥侵河南，慕容暐寇洛陽。
In the eighth month Huan Wen reached Zheqi, threw up fortifications, and settled in. A detached column of Fu Jian’s crossed the river into Henan while Murong Wei struck Luoyang.
166
九月，冠軍將軍陳祐留長史沈勁守洛陽，帥衆奔新城。
In the ninth month Chen You, general who vanquishes champions, left Shen Jing to hold Luoyang while he withdrew the main force to Xincheng.
167
三年春正月庚申，皇后王氏崩。
On gengshen in the third year’s first spring month Empress Wang passed away.
168
二月乙未，以右將軍桓豁監荊州揚州之義城雍州之京兆諸軍事、領南蠻校尉、荊州刺史； 桓沖監江州荊州之江夏隨郡豫州之汝南西陽新蔡潁川六郡諸軍事、南中郎將、江州刺史，領南蠻校尉，並假節。
On yiwei Huan Huo, general of the right, was put in charge of Yicheng in Jing and Yang, Jingzhao in Yong, named southern Man colonel, and made governor of Jing; while Huan Chong supervised Jiang’s Jiangxia and Suijun plus Yu’s Runan, Xiyang, Xincai, and Yingchuan as south central commandant and governor of Jiang with the southern Man colonelcy—both brothers held the ceremonial staff.
169
丙申，帝崩于西堂，時年二十五。 葬安平陵。
On bingshen the emperor died in the West Hall at the age of twenty-five. He was interred at Anping Ling.
170
海西公
The Duke of Haixi.
171
廢帝諱奕，字延齡，哀帝之母弟也。 咸康八年封爲東海王。 永和八年拜散騎常侍，尋加鎮軍將軍； 升平四年拜車騎將軍。 五年，改封琅邪王。 隆和初，轉侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
The deposed sovereign, personal name Yi and courtesy name Yanling, was Emperor Ai’s full younger brother. In the eighth Xiankang year he was invested prince of Donghai. In the eighth Yonghe year he became cavalier attendant for regular service and soon after general stabilizing the army; and in the fourth Shengping year general of chariots and cavalry. In the fifth year his title was transferred from Donghai to prince of Langye. Early in the Longhe era he moved to palace attendant, great general of agile cavalry, with an independent office and Three-Dukes honors.
172
興寧三年二月丙申，哀帝崩，無嗣。 丁酉，皇太后詔曰：「帝遂不救厥疾，艱禍仍臻，遺緒泯然，哀慟切心。 琅邪王奕，明德茂親，屬當儲嗣，宜奉祖宗，纂承大統。 便速正大禮，以寧人神。」 于是百官奉迎于琅邪第。 是日，卽皇帝位，大赦。
On bingshen in the second month of the third Xingning year Emperor Ai died childless. On dingyou the empress dowager proclaimed: “The sovereign could not be saved; disaster has struck again and again, the line is broken, and our hearts are torn with grief. Prince Yi of Langye, a man of shining virtue and the nearest royal blood, is the rightful heir and should mount the throne to honor the ancestors. Let the great accession rites proceed at once, for the peace of the realm and the shades.” The full bureaucracy escorted him from the Langye mansion. The same day he ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty.
173
三月壬申，葬哀皇帝于安平陵。 癸酉，散騎常侍、河間王欽薨。 丙子，慕容暐將慕容恪陷洛陽，寧朔將軍竺瑤奔于襄陽，冠軍長史、揚武將軍沈勁死之。
On renshen in the third month Emperor Ai was buried at Anping Ling. On guiyou Sima Qin, prince of Hejian and cavalier attendant for regular service, died. On bingzi Murong Ke, Murong Wei’s commander, captured Luoyang; Zhu Yao, general calming the caitiffs, fled to Xiangyang; Shen Jing, champion chief clerk and general rousing martial prowess, died defending the city.
174
夏六月戊子，使持節、都督益寧二州諸軍事、鎮西將軍、益州刺史、建城公周撫卒。
On wuzi in the sixth summer month Zhou Chu died—he had held the staff, commanded Yi and Ning, led the western expedition, governed Yi, and borne the Jiancheng dukedom.
175
秋七月，匈奴左賢王衛辰、右賢王曹穀帥衆二萬侵苻堅杏城。 己酉，改封會稽王昱爲琅邪王。 壬子，立皇后庾氏。 封琅邪王昱子昌明爲會稽王。
In the seventh autumn month the Xiongnu left and right worthy princes Wei Chen and Cao Gu brought twenty thousand horsemen against Fu Jian’s Xingcheng. On jiyou Prince Hui of Kuaiji was transferred to the title of prince of Langye. On renzi Lady Yu was enthroned as empress. Hui’s son Changming was invested prince of Kuaiji.
176
冬十月，梁州刺史司馬勳反，自稱成都王。 十一月，帥衆入劍閣，攻涪，西夷校尉毌丘暐棄城而遁。 乙卯，圍益州刺史周楚于成都，桓溫遣江夏相朱序救之。
In the tenth winter month Sima Xun, governor of Liang, rose in revolt and declared himself prince of Chengdu. In the eleventh month he forced Jian’ge and struck Fucheng; Guanqiu Wei, colonel of the western Yi, abandoned the city and fled. On yimao he invested Chengdu and penned Zhou Chu, governor of Yi; Huan Wen sent Zhu Xu, chancellor of Jiangxia, to the rescue.
177
十二月戊戌，以會稽內史王彪之爲尚書僕射。
On wuxu in the twelfth month Wang Bianzhi, interior administrator of Kuaiji, became vice director of the Secretariat.
178
太和元年春二月己丑，以涼州刺史張天錫爲大將軍、都督隴右關中諸軍事、西平郡公。 丙申，以宣城內史桓秘爲持節、監梁益二州征討諸軍事。
On jichou in the second month of the first Taihe year Zhang Tianxi, governor of Liang, was named great general, commander over Longyou and Guanzhong, and duke of Xiping. On bingshen Huan Mi, interior administrator of Xuancheng, received the staff to supervise Liang and Yi in the western campaigns.
179
夏四月，旱。
The fourth summer month brought drought.
180
五月戊寅，皇后庾氏崩。 朱序攻司馬勳于成都，衆潰，執勳，斬之。
On wuyin in the fifth month Empress Yu died. Zhu Xu stormed Chengdu, shattered Sima Xun’s army, took him captive, and executed him.
181
秋七月癸酉，葬孝皇后于敬平陵。
On guiyou in the seventh autumn month Empress Xiao was interred at Jingping Ling.
182
九月甲午，曲赦梁、益二州。
On jiawu in the ninth month Liang and Yi received a special amnesty.
183
冬十月辛丑，苻堅將王猛、楊安攻南鄉，荊州刺史桓豁救之，師次新野而猛、安退。 以會稽王昱爲丞相。
On xinchou in the tenth winter month Wang Meng and Yang An of Former Qin struck Nanxiang; Huan Huo, governor of Jing, marched to the relief and stopped at Xinye, whereupon Wang Meng and Yang An pulled back. Prince Hui of Kuaiji was appointed chancellor.
184
十二月，南陽人趙弘、趙憶等據宛城反，太守桓澹走保新野。 慕容暐將慕容厲陷魯郡、高平。
In the twelfth month Zhao Hong, Zhao Yi, and others of Nanyang seized Wan; Huan Dan, the prefect, fled to Xinye. Murong Li, Murong Wei’s general, overran Lu and Gaoping commanderies.
185
二年春正月，北中郎將庾稀有罪，走入于海。
In the first month of the second year Yu Xi, north central commandant, was implicated in a crime and fled out to sea.
186
夏四月，慕容暐將慕容塵寇竟陵，太守羅崇擊破之。 苻堅將王猛寇涼州，張天錫距之，猛師敗績。
In the fourth summer month Murong Chen struck Jingling but Luo Chong, the prefect, repulsed him. Wang Meng of Qin invaded Liang; Zhang Tianxi met him in the field and routed his army.
187
五月，右將軍桓豁擊趙憶，走之，進獲慕容暐將趙槃，送于京師。
In the fifth month Huan Huo, general of the right, chased off Zhao Yi, captured Murong Wei’s Zhao Pan, and sent him to Jiankang.
188
秋九月，以會稽內史郗愔爲都督徐兗青幽四州諸軍事、平北將軍、徐州刺史。
In the ninth autumn month Xi Yin, interior administrator of Kuaiji, was named commander over Xu, Yan, Qing, and You, general pacifying the north, and governor of Xu.
189
冬十月乙巳，彭城王玄薨。
On yisi in the tenth winter month Prince Xuan of Pengcheng died.
190
三年春三月丁巳朔，日有蝕之。 癸亥，大赦。
At new moon on dingsi in the third spring month of the third year the sun was eclipsed. On guihai a general amnesty was declared.
191
夏四月癸巳，雨雹，大風折木。
On guisi in the fourth summer month hail fell and a gale snapped trees.
192
秋八月壬寅，尚書令、衛將軍、藍田侯王述卒。
On renyin in the eighth autumn month Wang Shu died—director of the Secretariat, general guarding the court, and marquis of Lantian.
193
四年夏四月庚戌，大司馬桓溫帥衆伐慕容暐。
On gengxu in the fourth summer month Grand Marshal Huan Wen marched against Murong Wei.
194
秋七月辛卯，暐將慕容垂帥衆距溫，溫擊敗之。
On xinmao in the seventh autumn month Murong Chui blocked Huan Wen, who defeated him in battle.
195
九月戊寅，桓溫裨將鄧遐、朱序遇暐將傅末波于林渚，又大破之。 戊子，溫至枋頭。 丙申，以糧運不繼，焚舟而歸。 辛丑，慕容垂追敗溫後軍于襄邑。
On wuyin in the ninth month Deng Xia and Zhu Xu, subordinates of Huan Wen, met Fu Mobo at Linzhu and won another crushing victory. On wuzi Huan Wen reached Fangtou. On bingshen, his supplies exhausted, Huan Wen burned his fleet and withdrew. On xinchou Murong Chui overtook Huan Wen’s rearguard at Xiangyi and routed it.
196
冬十月，大星西流，有聲如雷。 己巳，溫收散卒，屯于山陽。 豫州刺史袁眞以壽陽叛。
In the tenth winter month a huge meteor streaked west with a roar like thunder. On jisi Huan Wen rallied his broken units and camped at Shanyang. Yuan Zhen, governor of Yu, mutinied and held Shouyang.
197
十一月辛丑，桓溫自山陽及會稽王昱會于塗中，將謀後舉。 十二月，遂城廣陵而居之。
On xinchou in the eleventh month Huan Wen joined Prince Hui of Kuaiji at Tuzhong to plot their next step. In the twelfth month he fortified Guangling and took up residence.
198
五年春正月己亥，袁眞子雙之、愛之害梁國內史朱憲、汝南內史朱斌。
On jihai in the fifth year’s first spring month Yuan Shuangzhi and Yuan Aizhi murdered Zhu Xian and Zhu Bin, the interior administrators of Liang and Runan.
199
二月癸酉，袁眞死，陳郡太守朱輔立眞子瑾嗣事，求救于慕容暐。
On guiyou in the second month Yuan Zhen died; Zhu Fu, prefect of Chen, set Yuan Jin, Zhen’s son, at the head of the rebellion and begged Murong Wei for help.
200
夏四月辛未，桓溫部將竺瑤破瑾于武丘。 秋七月癸酉朔，日有蝕之。
On xinwei in the fourth summer month Zhu Yao, Huan Wen’s officer, defeated Yuan Jin at Wuqiu. At new moon on guiyou in the seventh autumn month the sun was eclipsed.
201
八月癸丑，桓溫擊袁瑾于壽陽，敗之。
On guichou in the eighth month Huan Wen attacked Yuan Jin at Shouyang and broke him.
202
九月，苻堅將猛伐慕容暐，陷其上黨。 廣漢妖賊李弘與益州妖賊李金根聚衆反，弘自稱聖王，衆萬餘人，梓潼太守周虓討平之。
In the ninth month Wang Meng, Fu Jian’s foremost commander, marched against Murong Wei and seized Shangdang. Li Hong of Guanghan and Li Jingen of Yi, self-styled holy men, raised over ten thousand fanatics; Li Hong called himself holy king until Zhou Xiao, prefect of Zitong, put down the rising.
203
冬十月，王猛大破慕容暐將慕容評于潞川。
In the tenth winter month Wang Meng shattered Murong Ping at the Lu River.
204
十一月，猛克鄴，獲慕容暐，盡有其地。
In the eleventh month Wang Meng took Ye, took Murong Wei prisoner, and annexed Yan.
205
六年春正月，苻堅遣將王鑒來援袁瑾，將軍桓伊逆擊，大破之。 丁亥，桓溫克壽陽，斬袁瑾。
In the first spring month of the sixth year Fu Jian dispatched Wang Jian to aid Yuan Jin; Huan Yi intercepted him and won a major victory. On dinghai Huan Wen stormed Shouyang and executed Yuan Jin.
206
三月壬辰，監益寧二州諸軍事、冠軍將軍、益州刺史、建城公周楚卒。
On renchen in the third month Zhou Chu died—he had supervised Yi and Ning, held the champion general’s rank, governed Yi, and borne the Jiancheng dukedom.
207
夏四月戊午，大赦，賜窮獨米，人五斛。 苻堅將苻雅伐仇池，仇池公楊纂降之。
On wuwu in the fourth summer month a general amnesty was declared and the needy received five hu of grain each. Fu Ya, a general of Fu Jian, attacked Qiuchi, and Yang Zuan, duke of Qiuchi, submitted.
208
六月，京都及丹陽、晉陵、吳郡、吳興、臨海並大水。
In the sixth month catastrophic floods struck the capital and Danyang, Jinling, Wu, Wuxing, and Linhai alike.
209
秋八月，以前寧州刺史周仕孫爲假節、監益梁二州諸軍事、益州刺史。
In the eighth autumn month Zhou Shisun, formerly governor of Ning, received the ceremonial staff to supervise Yi and Liang and govern Yi.
210
冬十月壬子，高密王俊薨。
On renzi in the tenth winter month Prince Jun of Gaomi died.
211
十一月癸卯，桓溫自廣陵屯于白石。 丁未，詣闕，因圖廢立，誣帝在籓夙有痿疾，嬖人相龍、計好、朱靈寶等參侍內寢，而二美人田氏、孟氏生三男，長欲封樹，時人惑之，溫因諷太后以伊霍之舉。 己酉，集百官于朝堂，宣崇德太后令曰：「王室艱難，穆、哀短祚，國嗣不育儲宮靡立。 琅邪王奕親則母弟，故以入纂大位。 不圖德之不建，乃至于斯。 昏濁潰亂，動違禮度。 有此三孽，莫知誰子。 人倫道喪，醜聲遐布。 旣不可以奉守社稷，敬承宗廟，且昏孽並大，便欲建樹儲籓。 誣罔祖宗，頌移皇基，是而可忍，孰不可懷！ 今廢奕爲東海王，以王還第，供衛之儀，皆如漢朝昌邑故事。 但未亡人不幸，罹此百憂，感念存沒，心焉如割。 社稷大計，義不獲已。 臨紙悲塞，如何可言。」 于是百官入太極前殿，卽日桓溫使散騎侍郎劉享收帝璽綬。 帝著白帢單衣，步下西堂，乘犢車出神獸門。 羣臣拜辭，莫不覷欷。 侍御史、殿中監將兵百人衛送東海第。
On guimao in the eleventh month Huan Wen moved from Guangling to camp at Baishi. On dingwei Huan Wen appeared at court intent on replacing the sovereign: he claimed the emperor had been impotent since his princely days while catamites named Xiang Long, Ji Hao, and Zhu Lingbao attended his couch and two concubines had produced three sons about to be named heirs—a tale the capital found scarcely credible—with which Huan Wen pressed the empress dowager to sanction an Yi–Huo-style change of ruler. On jiyou he gathered the bureaucracy in the audience hall and read Empress Dowager Chongde’s decree: “The dynasty is in peril; Emperors Mu and Ai died young; no successor has been born and the eastern palace is vacant. Prince Yi of Langye was the late emperor’s full brother, which is why he was raised to the throne. Who could have thought his rule would prove so devoid of virtue? He has sunk into vice and confusion and every act breaches ritual. Three bastards have appeared, and no one knows their true father. Decency is shattered and scandal spreads throughout the realm. He can no longer safeguard the altars or honor the shrines of his ancestors, and those illegitimate children are nearly grown—he means to make them crown princes. He would hoodwink the spirits of his forebears and steal the mandate itself—if that is tolerable, nothing is intolerable! Yi is therefore degraded to prince of Donghai and sent home under guard, exactly as Liu He the marquis of Changyi was treated under the Han. I am left alone with ill fortune and grief beyond counting; thinking of what has been lost tears me apart. The fate of the dynasty leaves no honourable alternative. Grief chokes this brush—what language could suffice?” The officials filed into the Taiqiandian, and that same day Huan Wen had Liu Xiang, cavalier gentleman for employment, confiscate the imperial seal and ribbon. The emperor emerged in plain white cap and robe, walked down from the West Hall, and left by calf-cart through the Divine Beast Gate. The ministers bowed their farewells, many weeping aloud. An imperial secretary and palace inspector marched him under escort of a hundred guards to the Donghai mansion.
212
初，桓溫有不臣之心，欲先立功河朔，以收時望。 及枋頭之敗，威名頓挫，逐潛謀廢立，以長威權。 然憚帝守道，恐招時議。 以宮闡重悶，床笫易誣，乃言帝爲閹，遂行廢辱。 初，帝平生每以爲慮，嘗召術人扈謙筮之，卦成，答曰：「晉室有磐石之固，陛下有出宮之象。」 竟如其言。
Huan Wen had long nursed treasonous ambition and meant first to win glory on the northern frontier. Fangtou ruined his prestige, so he turned to ousting the emperor as a way to rebuild his terror. Yet he hesitated, knowing the sovereign bore himself correctly and fearing public outcry. The harem’s secrecy made libel easy: he fabricating that the emperor was a castrate and on that pretext carried out the deposition. The emperor had long been uneasy and once asked the diviner Hu Qian to cast the milfoil; when the lines formed, Hu said: “Jin’s house stands firm as bedrock, yet Your Majesty’s lot shows departure from the palace.” Events unfolded exactly as he foretold.
213
史臣曰：孝宗因繦抱之姿，用母氏之化，中外無事，十有餘年。 以武安之才，啓之疆埸； 以文王之風，被乎江漢，則孔子所謂吾無間然矣。 哀皇寬惠，可以爲君，而鴻祀禳天，用塵其德。 東海違許龍之駕，屈放命之臣，所謂柔弱勝剛強，得盡于天年者也。
The chroniclers observe that Emperor Mu, a child on the throne under maternal regency, presided over a decade of outward calm. A commander of Wu’an-like prowess pushed the frontiers; and a kingly civility spread across the middle Yangzi—precisely the perfection Confucius said admitted no reproach. Emperor Ai was gentle enough to rule well, but lavish heavenly cults and elixir folly tarnished his name. The prince of Donghai rebuffed Xu Long’s forged summons and bent before ministers who had defied heaven’s mandate—weakness outlasting force—so he lived out his natural years.
214
贊曰：委裘稱化，大孝爲宗，遵彼聖善，成茲允恭。 西旌玉壘，北旆金墉。 遷殷舊僰，莫不來從。 哀后寬仁，惟靈旣集。 海西多故，時災見及。 彼異阿衡，我非昌邑。
The verdict runs: regency seemed effortless filial rule; sagely virtue shaped humble obedience. Banners waved toward Shu’s jade cliffs and Luoyang’s golden bastions. Peoples once beyond the pale were drawn into allegiance. Emperor Ai ruled gently, yet heaven answered only with gathering ill omens. The Haixi duke’s age was tempestuous; disaster pressed upon him from every side. That coup was no Yi Yin restoring order; our emperor was no Liu He of Changyi.