1
青州
Qingzhou
2
案《禹貢》為海岱之地，舜置十二牧，則其一也。 舜以青州越海，又分為營州，則遼東本為青州矣。 《周禮》：「正東曰青州。」 蓋取土居少陽，其色為青，故以名也。 《春秋元命包》云：「虛危流為青州。」 漢武帝置十三州，因舊名，歷後漢至晉不改。 州統郡國六，縣三十七，戶五萬三千。
The "Tribute of Yu" places this belt between the eastern sea and Mount Tai among the twelve pastures Shun set over the realm—Qingzhou was one of those twelve. Shun split another province, Yingzhou, out of Qingzhou where its jurisdiction reached across the sea, which is why Liaodong was counted as Qingzhou in the first place. The "Rites of Zhou" names the eastern quarter of the realm "Qingzhou." The name reflects yin–yang lore: the sector sits in the lesser yang, whose associated color is green, so the province is called "Qing," the green quarter. The apocryphon "Yuanming Bao" maps the lunar lodges Emptiness and Rooftop onto the land called Qingzhou." When Emperor Wu of Han carved the realm into thirteen provinces, he kept the old Qingzhou label, and Later Han and Jin left that usage in place. Under Jin, Qingzhou oversaw six commanderies or kingdoms, thirty-seven counties, and a registered fifty-three thousand households.
3
齊國 〈秦置郡，漢以為國。 景帝以為北海郡。 統縣五，戶一萬四千。〉
The kingdom of Qi 〈Qin first organized the territory as a commandery; Han promoted it to a kingdom. Emperor Jing of Han redesignated it as Beihai commandery. Its registers listed five counties and fourteen thousand households.〉
4
:臨淄西安 〈有棘裏亭。〉 東安平 〈汝水出東北。〉 廣饒昌國 〈樂毅所封。〉
County seats: Linzi and Xi'an 〈The county included the Jili relay stop.〉 Dong'anping 〈The Ru River had its source in the northeast of the county.〉 Guangrao and Changguo 〈This was the domain enfeoffed on Yue Yi after the Yan restoration.〉
5
濟南郡 〈漢置。 統縣五，戶五千。 或云魏平蜀，徙其豪將家于濟河北，故改為濟岷郡。 而《太康地理志》無此郡名，未之詳。〉
Jinan commandery 〈First organized under Han. It governed five counties with five thousand registered households. A tradition claims that after Wei annexed Shu, households of Shu's leading generals were resettled north of the Ji, prompting a rename to Jimin commandery. The Taikang geographical gazetteer, however, never lists a Jimin commandery, so the story remains doubtful.〉
6
:平壽 〈古國，寒浞封此。〉 下密 〈有三石祠。〉 膠東 〈侯國。〉 即墨 〈有天山祠。〉 祝阿
Pingshou 〈An old polity where the usurper Han Zhuo once received his fief.〉 Xiami 〈The county was noted for the Three Stones shrine.〉 Jiaodong 〈A county held as a marquis's fief.〉 Jimo 〈Local cults included a shrine on Mount Tian.〉 Zhu'e
7
樂安國 〈漢置。 統縣八，戶一萬一千。〉
The kingdom of Le'an 〈Created under Han. It governed eight counties and eleven thousand households.〉
8
:高苑臨濟 〈有蚩尤祠。〉 博昌 〈有薄姑祠。〉 利益 〈侯相。〉 蓼城 〈侯國。〉 鄒壽光 〈古斟灌氏所封國。〉 東朝陽
County seats: Gaoyuan and Linji 〈The ground held a shrine to Chiyou.〉 Bochang 〈There was a shrine to the lord of Bogu.〉 The paired counties Li and Yi 〈The county seat carried a marquis's chancellor.〉 Liaocheng 〈Another marquis's fief-county.〉 Zou and Shouguang 〈This had been the territory of the Zhenguan lineage of old.〉 Dongzhaoyang
9
城陽郡 〈漢置，屬北海，自魏至晉，分北海而立焉。 郡統縣十，戶一萬二千。〉
Chengyang commandery 〈Han first set it up under Beihai; from the Wei period onward it was detached as its own commandery. Its rolls showed ten counties and twelve thousand households.〉
10
:莒 〈故莒子國。〉 姑幕 〈古薄姑氏國。〉 諸淳于 〈故淳于公國。〉 東武高密 〈漢改為郡。〉 壯武黔陬平昌昌安
Ju 〈Once the heartland of the viscounts of Ju.〉 Gumu 〈Formerly the Bogu people's country.〉 Zhu and Chunyu 〈The old Chunyu ducal seat.〉 Dongwu and Gaomi 〈Han had converted the polity into an ordinary commandery.〉 Zhuangwu, Qianzou, Pingchang, and Chang'an
11
東萊國 〈漢置郡。 統縣六，戶六千五百。〉
The kingdom of Donglai 〈Han first chartered it as a commandery. It ruled six counties with six thousand five hundred households.〉
12
:掖 〈侯相。〉 當利 〈侯國。〉 廬鄉曲城黃 〈有萊山、松林萊君祠。〉 惤 〈弦侯國。 有百支萊王祠。〉
Ye 〈Seat of a marquis-chancellor.〉 Dangli 〈A marquis's fief.〉 Luxiang, Qucheng, and Huang 〈Within its borders lay Mount Lai, pine groves, and the cult site of the Lai sovereign.〉 Jian 〈The county was the marquisate of Xian. It also housed the shrine to the "hundred-branch" king of Lai.〉
13
長廣郡 〈置。 統縣三，戶四千五百。〉
Changguang commandery 〈Created under Jin. It comprised three counties and four thousand five hundred households.〉
14
:不其 〈侯國。〉 長廣挺
Buqi 〈A marquis's fief-county.〉 Changguang county and Ting
15
惠帝，又置平昌郡。 又分城陽之黔陬、壯武、淳于、昌安、高密、平昌、營陵、安丘、大、劇、臨朐十一縣為高密國。 自永嘉喪亂，青州淪沒石氏。 東萊人曹嶷為刺史。 造廣固城，後為石季龍所滅。 季龍末，遼西段龕自號齊王，據青州。 慕容恪滅趙，克青州。 苻氏平燕，盡有其地。 及苻氏敗後，刺史苻朗以州降。 朝廷置幽州，以別駕辟閭渾為刺史，鎮廣固。 ，為慕容德所滅，遂都之，是為南燕，復改為青州。 德以并州牧鎮陰平，幽州刺史鎮發幹，徐州刺史鎮莒城，青州刺史鎮東萊，兗州刺史鎮梁父。 慕容超移青州於東萊郡，後為劉裕所滅，留長史羊穆之為青州刺史，築東陽城而居之。 自元帝渡江，於廣陵僑置青州。 至是始置北青州，鎮東陽城，以僑立州為南青州。 而後省南青州，而北青州直曰青州。
Under Emperor Hui yet another Pingchang commandery was added. Eleven counties—Qianzou, Zhuangwu, Chunyu, Chang'an, Gaomi, Pingchang, Yingling, Anqiu, the county written "Da," Ju, and Linqu—were peeled out of Chengyang to constitute the new Gaomi kingdom. After the Yongjia debacle, Qingzhou fell entirely under the Later Zhao Shi regime. Cao Yi, a man of Donglai, took charge as provincial inspector. He walled the fortress of Guanggu, only to be crushed later by Shi Jilong. Late in Shi Jilong's reign, Duan Kan from west of the Liao styled himself King of Qi and seized Qingzhou. Murong Ke's conquest of Later Zhao brought Qingzhou under Yan. When Former Qin overthrew Yan, Fu Jian's house absorbed every district. After Former Qin collapsed, provincial inspector Fu Lang handed the region over to Jin. The Jin court reconstituted the province—our text reads "Youzhou," though many editions say "Qingzhou"—and sent chief clerk Pilu Hun to Guanggu as inspector. Murong De overthrew Pilu Hun, chose Guanggu as his capital, and founded Southern Yan, once more styling the territory Qingzhou. Murong De fanned his officers across the map: a Bing governor at Yinping, a You governor at Fagan, Xu at Ju, Qing at Donglai, and Yan at Liangfu. Murong Chao shifted the Qingzhou seat into Donglai; when Liu Yu extinguished Southern Yan, he left Yang Muzhi as acting governor, who raised Dongyang city and lived there. After Sima Rui crossed the Yangzi, the court maintained a refugee "Qingzhou" administration at Guangling. Only then did Jin formalize a Northern Qingzhou based at Dongyang, while the older exile administration was labeled Southern Qingzhou. Southern Qingzhou was later folded away, leaving the northern seat to bear the plain name Qingzhou.
16
徐州
Xuzhou
17
案《禹貢》海岱及淮之地，舜十二牧，則其一也。 于周入青州之域。 《春秋元命包》云：「天氐流為徐州。」 蓋取舒緩之義，或云因徐丘以立名。 秦兼天下，以置泗水、薛、琅邪三郡。 楚漢之際，分置東陽郡。 漢又分置東海郡，改泗水為沛，改薛為魯，分沛置楚國，以東陽屬吳國。 景帝改吳為江都，武帝分沛、東陽置臨淮郡，改江都為廣陵。 及置十三州，以其地為徐州，統楚國及東海、琅邪、臨淮、廣陵四郡。 宣帝改楚為彭城郡，後漢改為彭城國，以沛郡之廣戚縣來屬，改臨淮為下邳國。 及，復分下邳屬縣在淮南者置臨淮郡，分琅邪置東莞郡。 州凡領郡國七，縣六十一，戶八萬一千二十一。
The "Tribute of Yu" describes this belt as stretching from the sea and Mount Tai down to the Huai—another of Shun's twelve regional pastures. During the Zhou dynasty the same ground was reckoned part of Qingzhou. The apocryphon "Yuanming Bao" ties the Celestial Base lunar lodge to the province called Xu." The name is explained as "easygoing" qi; another etymology traces it to Xu Mound. When Qin unified China, it organized this ground as Sishui, Xue, and Langya commanderies. During the struggle between Chu and Han, a separate Dongyang commandery was carved out. Han added Donghai commandery, renamed Sishui as Pei and Xue as Lu, hived part of Pei off into the kingdom of Chu, and attached Dongyang to the kingdom of Wu. Emperor Jing of Han renamed the old Wu kingdom Jiangdu; his successor Emperor Wu carved Pei and Dongyang into a new Linhuai commandery and redesignated Jiangdu as Guangling. When Emperor Wu drew the thirteen provinces, this belt became Xuzhou, overseeing the kingdom of Chu plus Donghai, Langya, Linhuai, and Guangling commanderies. Emperor Xuan of Han turned the Chu kingdom into Pengcheng commandery; Later Han raised it to a kingdom again, folded in Guangqi from Pei, and converted old Linhuai into the kingdom of Xiapi. At the same juncture Jin re-cut the Xiapi counties south of the Huai into a revived Linhuai commandery and peeled Dongguan off from Langya. Western Jin's Xuzhou mustered seven commanderies or kingdoms, sixty-one counties, and 81,021 households on the books.
18
彭城國 〈漢以為郡。 統縣七，戶四千一百二十一。〉
The kingdom of Pengcheng 〈Han had first organized it as an ordinary commandery. Its registers showed seven counties and 4,121 households.〉
19
:彭城 〈故殷伯太彭國。〉 留 〈張良所封。〉 廣戚傅陽武原呂梧
Pengcheng 〈The old seat of the Shang noble called Grand Peng.〉 Liu 〈Zhang Liang's marquisate lay here.〉 Guangqi, Fuyang, Wuyuan, Lü, and Wu counties
20
下邳國 〈漢置為臨淮郡。 統縣七，戶七千五百。〉
The kingdom of Xiapi 〈Han first chartered the region as Linhuai commandery. It governed seven counties with 7,500 households.〉
21
:下邳 〈葛嶧山在西，古嶧陽也。 韓信為楚王，都之。〉 淩良城 〈侯相。〉 睢陵夏丘取慮僮
Xiapi 〈Mount Ge stood west of the seat—the old Yiyang height. Han Xin, as king of Chu, chose the city for his capital.〉 Ling and Liangcheng counties 〈The county had a marquis-chancellor.〉 Suiling, Xiaqiu, Qulü, and Tong
22
東海郡 〈漢置。 統縣十二，戶一萬一千一百。〉
Donghai commandery 〈Founded under Han. It listed twelve counties and 11,100 households.〉
23
:郯 〈故郯子國。〉 祝其 〈羽山在縣之西。〉 朐襄賁利城贛榆厚丘蘭陵承昌慮合鄉戚
Tan 〈Once the polity of the Tan viscounts.〉 Zhuqi 〈Mount Yu rose just west of the county seat.〉 Qu, Xiangben, Licheng, Ganyu, Houqiu, Lanling, Cheng, Changlü, Hexiang, and Qi
24
琅邪國 〈秦置郡。 統縣九，戶二萬九千五百。〉
The kingdom of Langya 〈Qin first mapped it as a commandery. It oversaw nine counties and 29,500 households.〉
25
:開陽 〈侯相。〉 臨沂陽都繒即丘華費 〈魯季氏邑。〉 東安蒙陰 〈山在西南。〉
Kaiyang 〈Seat of a marquis-chancellor.〉 Linyi, Yangdu, Zeng, Jiqiu, Hua, and Fei 〈Fei had been a Ji-family stronghold of Lu.〉 Dong'an and Mengyin 〈Mengyin took its name from heights in the southwest.〉
26
東莞郡 〈太康中置。 統縣八，戶一萬。〉
Dongguan commandery 〈Western Jin added it mid Taikang. It comprised eight counties and 10,000 households.〉
27
:東莞 〈故魯鄆邑。〉 朱虛營陵 〈尚父呂望所封。〉 安丘 〈故莒渠丘父封邑。〉 蓋臨朐 〈有海水祠。〉 劇廣
Dongguan 〈The old Lu town of Yun.〉 Zhuxu and Yingling 〈Yingling preserved the fief of Lü Shang, the Grand Duke.〉 Anqiu 〈Once the estate of Ju's Qufu forebear.〉 Gai and Linqu 〈Local people kept a shrine to the tides.〉 Ju and Guang counties
28
廣陵郡 〈漢置。 統縣八，戶八千八百。〉
Guangling commandery 〈Han first opened Guangling commandery. It recorded eight counties and 8,800 households.〉
29
:淮陰射陽輿海陵 〈有江海會祠。〉 廣陵鹽瀆淮浦江都 〈有江水祠。〉
Huaiyin, Sheyang, Dongyang, and Hailing 〈The coast hosted a cult to the meeting of river and sea.〉 Guangling, Yandu, Huaipu, and Jiangdu 〈Jiangdu maintained a shrine to the great river.〉
30
臨淮郡 〈漢置，章帝以合下邳，復立。 統縣十，戶一萬。〉
Linhuai commandery 〈Han founded it, Emperor Zhang briefly folded it into Xiapi, and Jin later revived it. It counted ten counties and 10,000 households.〉
31
:盱眙東陽高山贅其潘旌高郵淮陵司吾下相徐
County seats: Xuyi, Dongyang, Gaoshan, Ruqi, Panjing, Gaoyou, Huailing, Siwu, Xiashang, and Xu
32
，以青州城陽郡之莒、姑幕、諸、東武四縣屬東莞。 ，分東海置蘭陵郡。 七年，又分東莞置東安郡，分臨淮置淮陵郡，以堂邑置堂邑郡。 永嘉之亂，臨淮、淮陵並淪沒石氏。 元帝渡江之後，徐州所得惟半，乃僑置淮陽、陽平、濟陰、北濟陰四郡。 又琅邪國人隨帝過江者，遂置懷德縣及琅邪郡以統之。 是時，幽、冀、青、并、兗五州及徐州之淮北流人相帥過江淮，帝並僑立郡縣以司牧之。 割吳郡之海虞北境，立郯、朐、利城、祝其、厚丘、西隰、襄賁七縣，寄居曲阿，以江乘置南東海、南琅邪、南東平、南蘭陵等郡，分武進立臨淮、淮陵、南彭城等郡，屬南徐州，又置頓丘郡屬北徐州。 明帝又立南沛、南清河、南下邳、南東莞、南平昌、南濟陰、南濮陽、南太平、南泰山、南濟陽、南魯等郡，以屬徐、兗二州，初或居江南，或居江北，或以兗州領州。 郗鑒都督青兗二州諸軍事、兗州刺史，加領徐州刺史，鎮廣陵。 蘇峻平後，自廣陵還鎮京口。 又於漢故九江郡界置鐘離郡，屬南徐州，江北又僑立幽、冀、青、并四州。 穆帝時，移南東海七縣出居京口。 ，始分淮北為北徐州，淮南但為徐州，統彭城、沛、下邳、蘭陵、東莞、東安、琅邪、淮陽、陽平、濟陰、北濟陰十一郡，以盱眙立盱眙郡，統考城、直瀆、陽城三縣，又分廣陵界置海陵、山陽二郡。 後又以幽冀合徐州，青并合兗州。
, Ju, Gumu, Zhu, and Dongwu—four Chengyang counties that Qingzhou still nominally held—were reassigned to Dongguan. , and a new Lanling commandery was split away from Donghai. In Western Jin's seventh Taikang year Jin carved Dong'an from Dongguan, Huailing from Linhuai, and spun Tangyi commandery out of the Tangyi district. Yongjia's chaos swallowed both Linhuai and Huailing into Later Zhao's realm. Once Sima Rui crossed the Yangzi, Jin held barely half the old Xuzhou ground, so refugee administrations called Huaiyang, Yangping, Jiyin, and Northern Jiyin were invented to hold the displaced. Former subjects of the Langya kingdom who had trailed the court south received a new Huaiyi county and a shadow Langya commandery to keep their registers straight. You, Ji, Qing, Bing, and Yan, together with the Huai-north wing of Xuzhou, emptied onto the Yangzi and Huai in leaderless columns, and the throne answered by planting whole suites of nominal counties to govern exiles. Jin shaved Haiyu's north rim from Wu commandery to mint seven exile counties—Tan, Qu, Licheng, Zhuqi, Houqiu, Xixi, and Xiangben—parked them at Qu'e, stacked southern Donghai, Langya, Dongping, and Lanling commanderies on the old Jiangcheng belt, carved Linhuai, Huailing, and southern Pengcheng out of Wujin, folded them all under southern Xuzhou, and still spun up a Dunqiu commandery for northern Xuzhou. Emperor Ming multiplied the paper jurisdictions—southern Pei, Qinghe, Xiapi, Dongguan, Pingchang, Jiyin, Puyang, Taiping, Tai, Jiyang, Lu, and more—split between Xu and Yan; some seats hugged the south bank, others the north, and sometimes a Yan governor held both titles at once. Xi Jian took overall command of Qing and Yan armies, kept the Yan governorship, added Xuzhou on an acting basis, and camped his headquarters at Guangling. Once Su Jun fell, Xi Jian pulled his headquarters from Guangling back to Jingkou. Inside old Han Jiujiang he chartered Zhongli commandery for southern Xuzhou, while north of the Yangzi he mirrored You, Ji, Qing, and Bing as phantom provinces for refugees. Emperor Mu shifted the seven southern Donghai counties wholesale onto Jingkou. , after which ground north of the Huai was labeled northern Xuzhou, the Huai-south rump kept the plain name Xuzhou, and that rump still listed eleven heartland commanderies; a new Xuyi commandery sat at Xuyi with three attendant counties; Guangling meanwhile yielded Hailing and Shanyang. Later the court folded You and Ji into Xuzhou while Qing and Bing were absorbed into Yanzhou.
33
荊州
Jingzhou
34
案《禹貢》荊及衡陽之地，舜置十二牧，則其一也。 《周禮》：「正南曰荊州。」 《春秋元命包》云：「軫星散為荊州。」 荊，強也，言其氣躁強。 亦曰警也，言南蠻數為寇逆，其人有道後服，無道先強，常警備也。 又云取名于荊山。 六國時，其地為楚。 及秦，取楚鄢郢為南郡，又取巫中地為黔中郡，以楚之漢北立南陽郡，滅楚之後，分黔中為長沙郡。 漢高祖分長沙為桂陽郡，改黔中為武陵郡，分南郡為江夏郡。 武帝又分長沙為零陵郡。 及置十三州，因舊名為荊州，統南郡、南陽、零陵、桂陽、武陵、長沙、江夏七郡。 後漢獻帝，魏武盡得荊州之地，分南郡以北立襄陽郡，又分南陽西界立南鄉郡，分枝江以西立臨江郡。 及敗于赤壁，南郡以南屬吳，吳後遂與蜀分荊州。 於是南郡、零陵、武陵以西為蜀，江夏、桂陽、長沙三郡為吳，南陽、襄陽、南鄉三郡為魏。 而荊州之名，南北雙立。 蜀分南郡，立宜都郡，劉備沒後，宜都、武陵、零陵、南郡四郡之地悉復屬吳。 魏文帝以漢中遺黎立魏興、新城二郡，明帝分新城立上庸郡。 孫權分江夏立武昌郡，又分蒼梧立臨賀郡，分長沙立衡陽、湘東二郡。 孫休分武陵立天門郡，分宜都立建平郡。 孫皓分零陵立始安郡，分桂陽立始興郡，又分零陵立邵陵郡，分長沙立安成郡。 荊州統南郡、武昌、武陵、宜都、建平、天門、長沙、零陵、桂陽、衡陽、湘東、邵陵、臨賀、始興、始安十五郡，其南陽、江夏、襄陽、南鄉、魏興、新城、上庸七郡屬魏之荊州。 及武帝平吳，分南郡為南平郡，分南陽立義陽郡，改南鄉順陽郡，又以始興、始安、臨賀三郡屬廣州，以揚州之安成郡來屬。 州統郡二十二，縣一百六十九，戶三十五萬七千五百四十八。
The 《Tribute of Yu》 sketches this belt as "Jing" and the country south of Mount Heng—one of the twelve domains Shun placed under pasture chiefs. The 《Rites of Zhou》 calls the southern quadrant "Jingzhou." The apocryphon 《Yuanming Bao》 maps the Winnowing Basket asterism onto Jingzhou." The graph jing means "hard"; commentators read that as brash, forceful energy. Others gloss jing as "watchful," because southern tribes raided often: when a court had virtue they came late to allegiance, when it lacked virtue they struck first, so the heartland kept its guard up. A third etymology simply ties the name to Mount Jing itself. In the Warring States age the whole basin belonged to Chu. Qin seized Yan and Ying to form the southern capital commandery, carved the Wushan midstream into Qianzhong, lifted Nanyang from Chu's Han-north marches, then split Qianzhong into Changsha once Chu fell. Han Gaozu peeled Guiyang out of Changsha, renamed Qianzhong as Wuling, and sliced Jiangxia from Nan commandery. Emperor Wu of Han later hived Lingling away from Changsha. When Han drew thirteen provinces, the old Chu core kept the name Jingzhou and bundled Nan, Nanyang, Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling, Changsha, and Jiangxia. Late in Emperor Xian's reign Cao Cao seized every Jingzhou circuit: he lifted Xiangyang from the Nan commandery north bank, carved Nanxiang from Nanyang's west edge, and drew Linjiang from the lands west of Zhijiang. After the Red Cliffs debacle everything south of Nan commandery slid to Wu, and Wu soon split the province down the middle with Shu. The partition left Shu with the Nan–Lingling–Wuling west, Wu with Jiangxia, Guiyang, and Changsha, and Wei with Nanyang, Xiangyang, and Nanxiang. Hence two different realms each flew the old name Jingzhou. Shu had cut Yidu out of Nan, but once Liu Bei was gone Wu reclaimed Yidu together with Wuling, Lingling, and the Nan heartland. Wei Wendi settled Hanzhong holdouts into Weixing and Xincheng; Mingdi later split Xincheng again to seat Shangyong. Sun Quan spun Wuchang out of Jiangxia, Linhe out of Cangwu, and both Hengyang and Xiangdong out of Changsha. Sun Xiu added Tianmen from Wuling and Jianping from Yidu. Sun Hao busied the map further: Shi'an and Shaoling from Lingling, Shixing from Guiyang, Ancheng from Changsha. Wu's Jingzhou roster ran to fifteen commanderies, while Wei kept a parallel stack of seven—Nanyang, Jiangxia, Xiangyang, Nanxiang, Weixing, Xincheng, and Shangyong—under its own Jingzhou label. After Jin conquered Wu, Sima Yan split Nan into Nanping, raised Yiyang from Nanyang, renamed Nanxiang as Shunyang, reassigned Shixing, Shi'an, and Linhe to Guangzhou, and pulled Yangzhou's Ancheng back under Jingzhou. Western Jin's Jingzhou mustered twenty-two commanderies, 169 counties, and 357,548 registered households.
35
江夏郡 〈漢置。 統縣七，戶二萬四千。〉
Jiangxia commandery 〈First organized under Han. It governed seven counties with 24,000 households.〉
36
:安陸 〈橫尾山在東北，古之陪尾山。〉 雲杜 〈故云子國。〉 曲陵平春鄳竟陵 〈章山在東北，古之方山。〉 南新市
Anlu 〈Northeast of the seat rose Hengwei, the old Peiwei peak recorded in the classics.〉 Yundu 〈Once the polity of the Yun viscounts.〉 Quling, Pingchun, Bi, and Jingling 〈Jingling claimed Mount Zhang in the northeast—the old Fangshan of the annals.〉 Nanxinshi
37
南郡 〈漢置。 統縣十一，戶五萬五千。〉
Nan commandery (the southern capital circuit) 〈Han first chartered it. It listed eleven counties and 55,000 households.〉
38
:江陵 〈故楚都。〉 編 〈有雲夢官。〉 當陽華容鄀 〈故鄀子國。〉 枝江 〈故羅國。〉 旌陽州陵 〈楚嬖人州侯所邑。〉 監利松滋石首
Jiangling 〈The old Chu metropolises stood here.〉 Bian 〈The county still kept a Yunmeng marsh bailiff on the rolls.〉 Dangyang, Huarong, and Ruo 〈Once the seat of the Ruo viscounts.〉 Zhijiang 〈The old Luo polity survived in name here.〉 Jingyang and Zhouling 〈Zhouling preserved the fief of Zhou, the favorite minister of Chu.〉 Jianli, Songzi, and Shishou
39
襄陽郡 〈魏置。 統縣八，戶二萬二千七百。〉
Xiangyang commandery 〈Wei carved it from older Nan circuits. It governed eight counties with 22,700 households.〉
40
:宜城 〈故鄢也。〉 中廬臨沮 〈荊山在東北。〉 邔襄陽 〈侯相。〉 山都鄧城鄾
Yicheng 〈The old Yan capital district.〉 Zhonglu and Linju 〈The sacred Mount Jing rose northeast of Linju.〉 Yi and Xiangyang 〈Xiangyang carried a marquis-chancellor.〉 Shandu, Dengcheng, and You
41
南陽國 〈秦置郡。 統縣十四，戶二萬四千四百。〉
The Nanyang kingdom 〈Qin first mapped it as a commandery. It counted fourteen counties and 24,400 households.〉
42
:宛西鄂 〈侯相。〉 雉魯陽 〈公國相。〉 犨淯陽 〈公國相。〉 博望 〈公國相。〉 堵陽葉 〈侯相。 有長城山，號曰方城。〉 舞陰 〈公國相。〉 比陽 〈公國相。〉 涅陽冠軍酈
Wan and Xi'e 〈Seat of a marquis-chancellor.〉 Zhi and Luyang 〈Luyang was ruled by a ducal-state chancellor.〉 Chou and Yuyang 〈Yuyang likewise had a ducal chancellor.〉 Bowang 〈Bowang answered to a ducal chancellor.〉 Duyang and Ye 〈Ye carried a marquis-chancellor; its Long Wall ridge was the Fangcheng barrier famed in strategy.〉 Wuyin 〈Another ducal chancellorship.〉 Biyang 〈Biyang used the ducal-state form.〉 Nieyang, Guanjun, and Li
43
順陽郡 〈太康中置。 統八縣，戶二萬一百。〉
Shunyang commandery 〈Western Jin founded it mid Taikang. It mustered eight counties and 20,100 households.〉
44
:酂順陽南鄉丹水武當 〈侯相。〉 陰筑陽析
County seats: Zan, Shunyang, Nanxiang, Danshui, and Wudang 〈Wudang held a marquis-chancellor.〉 Yin, Zhuyang, and Xi
45
義陽郡 〈太康中置。 統縣十二，戶一萬九千。〉
Yiyang commandery 〈Created under Western Jin's Taikang reign. It listed twelve counties and 19,000 households.〉
46
:新野 〈侯相。〉 穰鄧 〈故鄧侯國。〉 蔡陽隨 〈故隨國。〉 安昌棘陽厥西平氏 〈桐柏山在南。〉 義陽平林朝陽
Xinye 〈Xinye had a marquis-chancellor.〉 Rang and Deng 〈Deng preserved the old Deng marquisate of Zhou.〉 Caiyang and Sui 〈Once the independent kingdom of Sui.〉 Anchang, Jiyang, Juexi, and Pingshi 〈Pingshi overlooked the Tongbai range on the south.〉 Yiyang, Pinglin, and Zhaoyang
47
新城郡 〈魏置。 統縣四，戶一萬五千二百。〉
Xincheng commandery 〈Wei organized this mountain rim. It held four counties and 15,200 households.〉
48
:房陵綏陽昌魏沶鄉
Fangling, Suiyang, Changwei, and Yixiang
49
魏興郡 〈魏置。 統縣六，戶一萬二千。〉
Weixing commandery 〈Wei opened this Hanzhong spillover belt. It counted six counties and 12,000 households.〉
50
:晉興安康西城錫長利洵陽
Jinxing, Ankang, Xicheng, Xi, Changli, and Xunyang
51
上庸郡 〈魏置。 統縣六，戶一萬一千四百四十八。〉
Shangyong commandery 〈Wei split it from Xincheng. It governed six counties with 11,448 households.〉
52
:上庸 〈侯相。〉 安富北巫武陵上廉微陽
Shangyong 〈The capital county had a marquis-chancellor.〉 Anfu, Beiwu, Wuling, Shanglian, and Weiyang
53
建平郡 〈吳、晉各有建平郡，合。 統縣八，戶一萬三千二百。〉
Jianping commandery 〈Wu and Jin had both maintained a Jianping name; Jin merged the duplicate seats. The merged circuit counted eight counties and 13,200 households.〉
54
:巫北井秦昌信陵興山建始秭歸 〈故楚子國。〉 沙渠
Wu, Beijing, Qinchang, Xinling, Xingshan, Jianshi, and Zigui 〈Zigui was ground the Chu viscounts once walked.〉 Shaqu
55
宜都郡 〈吳置。 統縣三，戶八千七百。〉
Yidu commandery 〈Eastern Wu first opened it. It comprised three counties and 8,700 households.〉
56
:夷陵夷道佷山
Yiling, Yidao, and Henghan
57
南平郡 〈吳置，以為南郡，太康元年改曰南平。 統縣四，戶七千。〉
Nanping commandery 〈Wu had carved it from Nan commandery; Western Jin renamed it Nanping in Taikang 1. It held four counties and 7,000 households.〉
58
:作唐孱陵南安江安
Zuotang, Chanling, Nan'an, and Jiang'an
59
武陵郡 〈漢置。 統縣十，戶一萬四千。〉
Wuling commandery 〈Han first opened the Wuling hills commandery. It governed ten counties with 14,000 households.〉
60
:臨沅龍陽漢壽沅陵黚陽酉陽鐔城沅南遷陵舞陽
County seats: Linyuan, Longyang, Hanshou, Yuanling, Qianyang, Youyang, Tancheng, Yuannan, Qianling, and Wuyang
61
天門郡 〈吳置。 統縣五，戶三千一百。〉
Tianmen commandery 〈Eastern Wu carved it from Wuling. It held five counties and 3,100 households.〉
62
:零陽漊中充臨澧澧陽
Lingyang, Louzhong, Chong, Linli, and Liyang
63
長沙郡 〈漢置。 統縣十，戶三萬三千。〉
Changsha commandery 〈One of Han's anchor commanderies in the south. It listed ten counties and 33,000 households.〉
64
:臨湘攸下雋醴陵劉陽建甯吳昌羅蒲沂巴陵
Linxiang, You, Xiajuan, Liling, Liuyang, Jianning, Wuchang, Luo, Pu, Yi, and Baling
65
衡陽郡 〈吳置，故屬長沙。 統縣九，戶二萬三千。〉
Hengyang commandery 〈Wu split it away from old Changsha. It governed nine counties with 23,000 households.〉
66
:湘鄉重安湘南湘西烝陽衡山連道新康益陽
Xiangxiang, Chong'an, Xiangnan, Xiangxi, Zhengyang, Hengshan, Liandao, Xinkang, and Yiyang
67
湘東郡 〈吳置，故屬長沙。 統縣七，戶一萬九千五百。〉
Xiangdong commandery 〈Another Wu partition out of Changsha. It counted seven counties and 19,500 households.〉
68
:酃茶陵臨烝利陽陰山新平新寧
Ling, Chaling, Linzheng, Liyang, Yinshan, Xinping, and Xinning
69
零陵郡 〈漢置。 統縣十一，戶二萬五千一百。〉
Lingling commandery 〈Han chartered it around the old Lingling seat. It mustered eleven counties and 25,100 households.〉
70
:泉陵 〈有香茅，云古貢之以縮酒。〉 祁陽零陵營浦洮陽永昌觀陽營道舂陵泠道應陽 〈東界有鼻墟，云象所封。〉
Quanling 〈The county sent the aromatic mao grass ancient kings used to filter ritual wine.〉 Qiyang, Lingling, Yingpu, Taoyang, Yongchang, Guanyang, Yingdao, Chunling, Lingdao, and Yingyang 〈Eastward lay Bi Ruins, said to be the estate given to Shun's ill-starred brother Xiang.〉
71
邵陵郡 〈吳置。 統縣六。 戶一萬二千。〉
Shaoling commandery 〈Wu opened this circuit. It governed six counties. Registers showed twelve thousand households.〉
72
:邵陵都梁夫夷建興邵陽高平
Shaoling, Duliang, Fuyi, Jianxing, Shaoyang, and Gaoping
73
桂陽郡 〈漢置。 統縣六，戶一萬一千三百。〉
Guiyang commandery 〈Han first planted it on the southern ridges. It held six counties and 11,300 households.〉
74
:郴 〈項羽義帝之邑。〉 耒陽便臨武晉寧南平
Chen 〈The pity-king Yi's brief capital under Xiang Yu.〉 Leiyang, Bian, Linwu, Jinning, and Nanping
75
武昌郡 〈吳置。 統縣七，戶一萬四千八百。〉
Wuchang commandery 〈Sun Quan set it to guard the middle Yangzi. It listed seven counties and 14,800 households.〉
76
:武昌 〈故東鄂也。 楚子熊渠封中子紅於此。〉 柴桑 〈有湓口關。〉 陽新沙羨 〈有夏口，對沔口，有津。〉 沙陽鄂 〈有新興、馬頭鐵官。〉 官陵
Wuchang 〈The town was old Eastern E on the Yangzi bend. Legend says Xiong Qu of Chu parked his second son Hong on this bend.〉 Chaisang 〈Chaisang guarded the Penkou narrows.〉 Yangxin and Shayi 〈Xiakou stared across the Han mouth, a natural ferry point.〉 Shayang and E 〈Imperial ironworks stood at Xinxing and Matou.〉 Guanling
77
安成郡 〈吳置。 統縣七，戶三千。〉
Ancheng commandery 〈Wu stitched it from border counties. It counted seven counties but only three thousand households.〉
78
:平都宜春新諭永新安復萍鄉廣興
Pingdu, Yichun, Xinyu, Yongxin, Anfu, Pingxiang, and Guangxing
79
惠帝分桂陽、武昌、安成三郡立江州，以新城、魏興、上庸三郡屬梁州，又分義陽立隨郡，分南陽立新野郡，分江夏立竟陵郡。 懷帝又分長沙、衡陽、湘東、零陵、邵陵、桂陽及廣州之始安、始興、臨賀九郡置湘州。 時蜀亂，又割南郡之華容、州陵、監利三縣別立豐都，合四縣置成都郡，為成都王穎國，居華容縣。 愍帝建興中，並還南郡，亦併豐都於監利。 元帝渡江，又僑立新興、南河東二郡。 穆帝時，又分零陵立營陽郡，以義陽流人在南郡者立為義陽郡。 又以廣州之臨賀、始興、始安三郡及江州之桂陽，益州之巴東，合五郡來屬，以長沙、衡陽、湘東、零陵、邵陵、營陽六郡屬湘州。 桓溫又分南郡立武寧郡。 安帝又僑立南義陽、東義陽、長寧三郡。 ，省湘州，長沙、衡陽、湘東、零陵、邵陵、營陽還入荊州。
Emperor Hui spun Jiangzhou out of Guiyang, Wuchang, and Ancheng, handed the Hanzhong spillway commanderies to Liangzhou, added Sui, Xinye, and Jingling as still more splinters. Emperor Huai declared a new Xiangzhou built from nine southern circuits, borrowing three cantons from Guangzhou. While Shu convulsed, Jin carved Huarong, Zhouling, and Jianli out of Nan commandery, invented a fourth seat called Fengdu, bundled them into a paper Chengdu commandery for Sima Ying, and parked the whole fiction at Huarong. Under Emperor Min the patchwork was folded back into Nan commandery, and the empty Fengdu county vanished into Jianli. After Sima Rui crossed the Yangzi, refugee registers added Xinxing and southern Hedong. Emperor Mu peeled Yingyang from Lingling and pasted a new Yiyang commandery over river exiles stranded in Nan. Three Guangzhou prefectures, Guiyang from Jiangzhou, and Badong from Shu were reassigned to Jingzhou, while six lake circuits were handed to Xiangzhou. Huan Wen sliced Wuning out of Nan commandery. Emperor An added three more paper Yiyangs and a Changning for refugees. , then Xiangzhou was dropped and its six counties flowed back under Jingzhou.
80
揚州
Yangzhou
81
案《禹貢》淮海之地，舜置十二牧，則其一也。 《周禮》：「東南曰揚州。」 《春秋元命包》云：「牽牛流為揚州，分為越國。」 以為江南之氣躁勁，厥性輕揚。 亦曰，州界多水，水波揚也。 于古則荒服之國，戰國時其地為楚分。 秦始皇併天下，以置鄣、會稽、九江三郡。 項羽封英布為九江王，盡有其地。 漢改九江曰淮南，即封布為淮南王。 六年，分淮南置豫章郡。 十一年，布誅，立皇子長為淮南王，封劉濞為吳王，二國盡得揚州之地。 文帝十六年，分淮南立廬江、衡山二郡。 景帝四年，封皇子非為江都王，並得鄣、會稽郡，而不得豫章。 武帝改江都曰廣陵，封皇子胥為王而以屬徐州。 ，改鄣曰丹楊，改淮南復為九江。 後漢順帝分會稽立吳郡，揚州統會稽、丹楊、吳、豫章、九江、廬江六郡，省六安併廬江郡。 獻帝興平中，孫策分豫章立廬陵郡。 孫權又分豫章立鄱陽郡，分丹楊立新都郡。 孫亮又分豫章立臨川郡，分會稽立臨海郡。 孫休又分會稽立建安郡。 孫皓分會稽立東陽郡，分吳立吳興郡，分豫章、廬陵、長沙立安成郡，分廬陵立廬陵南部都尉，揚州統丹楊、吳、會稽、吳興、新都、東陽、臨海、建安、豫章、鄱陽、臨川、安成、廬陵南部十四郡。 江西廬江、九江之地，自合肥之北至壽春悉屬魏。 及晉平吳，以安成屬荊州，分丹楊之宣城、宛陵、陵陽、安吳、涇、廣德、甯國、懷安、石城、臨城、春穀十一縣立宣城郡，理宛陵，改新都曰新安郡，改廬陵南部為南康郡，分建安立晉安郡，又分丹楊立毗陵郡。 揚州合統郡十八，縣一百七十三，戶三十一萬一千四百。
The "Tribute of Yu" sketches the Huai–sea littoral as another of Shun's twelve domains. The "Rites of Zhou" labels the southeastern quadrant "Yangzhou." The apocryphon "Yuanming Bao" ties the Ox Lead asterism to Yangzhou and the old Yue southlands." Commentators describe Jiangnan qi as restless, sharp, and buoyant. Another gloss cites the endless rivers—the very waves that make the land feel "lifted." Anciently it counted as outer wilds; by the Warring States age Chu had swallowed every march. Qin Shihuang organized the southeast as Zhang, Kuaiji, and Jiujiang commanderies. Xiang Yu gave Ying Bu the whole Jiujiang basin as his kingdom. Han renamed Jiujiang Huainan and let Bu keep the same ground under the new title. In Han's sixth year Gaozu peeled Yuzhang out of Huainan. Eleven years in, Bu died; Liu Chang took Huainan while Liu Pi took Wu, together holding every Yangzhou circuit. Emperor Wen split Huainan again into Lujiang and Hengshan. Emperor Jing gave Prince Fei Jiangdu plus Zhang and Kuaiji, but withheld Yuzhang. Emperor Wu renamed Jiangdu Guangling, made it Prince Xu's fief, and shifted it under Xuzhou. , then Zhang became Danyang while Huainan reverted to the Jiujiang label. Emperor Shun of Later Han cut Wu out of Kuaiji; Yangzhou now ran six commanderies and swallowed Lu'an into Lujiang. During Xingping, Sun Ce hived Luling off Yuzhang. Sun Quan added Poyang from Yuzhang and Xindu from Danyang. Sun Liang carved Linchuan from Yuzhang and Linhai from Kuaiji. Sun Xiu split Jian'an out of Kuaiji. Sun Hao busied the map with Dongyang, Wuxing, Ancheng, and a Luling southern commandant, bringing Yangzhou's nominal roster to fourteen commanderies. Everything from Hefei north to Shouchun on the Great River's west bank sat in Wei hands. After Wu fell, Ancheng went to Jingzhou; Jin spun Xuancheng from eleven Danyang counties, renamed Xindu Xin'an, turned the Luling southern commandant into Nankang, cut Jin'an from Jian'an, and still added Piling. Reunified Yangzhou mustered eighteen commanderies, 173 counties, and 311,400 households.
82
丹陽郡 〈漢置。 統縣十一，戶五萬一千五百。〉
Danyang commandery 〈Han anchored the lower Yangzi here. It governed eleven counties with 51,500 households.〉
83
:建鄴 〈本秣陵，孫氏改為建業。 武帝平吳，以為秣陵。 ，分秣陵北為建鄴，改業為鄴。〉 江甯 〈，分建鄴置。〉 丹楊 〈丹楊山多赤柳，在西也。〉 于湖蕪湖永世溧陽 〈溧水所出。〉 江乘句容 〈有茅山。〉 湖熟秣陵
Jianye 〈The Suns rebaptized old Moling as Jianye. When Jin conquered Wu, the city briefly reverted to Moling. , then Jin quartered Moling's north shore as a new capital county called Jianye and swapped the final character ye for the ye used in the name of Ye, distancing the spelling from Sun Wu's old "Jianye."〉 Jiangning 〈Jiangning was carved straight out of Jianye's fringe.〉 Danyang 〈Danyang Mountain's slopes blazed with red willow, marking the commandery's western anchor.〉 Yuhu, Wuhu, Yongshi, and Liyang 〈Liyang guarded the headwaters of the Li River.〉 Jiangcheng and Jurong 〈Mount Mao's Daoist slopes rose inside Jurong.〉 Hushu and Moling
84
宣城郡 〈太康二年置。 統縣十一，戶二萬三千五百。〉
Xuancheng commandery 〈Western Jin chartered it in Taikang 2. It governed eleven counties with 23,500 households.〉
85
:宛陵 〈侯相。 彭澤聚在西南。〉 宣城陵陽 〈淮水出東北入江。 仙人陵陽子明所居。〉 安吳臨城石城涇春谷 〈孝武改春為陽。〉 廣德甯國懷安
Wanling 〈Wanling carried a marquis-chancellor; southwest of town lay the Pengze cluster famed in poetry.〉 Xuancheng and Lingyang 〈The Huai rose in Lingyang's northeast and poured into the Great River. Immortal Lingyang Ziming was said to have roamed these cliffs.〉 Anwu, Lincheng, Shicheng, Jing, and Chungu 〈Emperor Xiaowu of Jin renamed the county from "Chun" to "Yang."〉 Guangde, Ningguo, and Huai'an
86
淮南郡 〈秦置九江郡。 漢以為淮南國，漢武帝置為九江郡。 武帝改為淮南郡。 統縣十六，戶三萬三千四百。〉
Huainan commandery 〈The ground began as Qin's Jiujiang commandery. Han promoted it to the Huainan kingdom, then Emperor Wu lowered it again to Jiujiang. Emperor Wu finally fixed the name as Huainan commandery. It mustered sixteen counties and 33,400 households.〉
87
:壽春成德下蔡義城西曲陽平阿 〈有塗山。〉 歷陽全椒阜陵 〈漢明帝時淪為麻湖。〉 鍾離 〈故州來邑。〉 合肥逡遒陰陵當塗 〈古塗山國。〉 東城烏江
Shouchun, Chengde, Xiacai, Yicheng, Xiquyang, and Ping'e 〈Ping'e overlooked the Tu Ridge of Yu the Great.〉 Liyang, Quanjiao, and Fuling 〈Fuling county had slipped beneath Ma Lake since Han Mingdi's day.〉 Zhongli 〈Once the Zhoulai fortress on the Huai.〉 Hefei, Suqiu, Yinling, and Dangtu 〈Dangtu preserved the old Tushan polity of Yu's age.〉 Dongcheng and Wujiang
88
廬江郡 〈漢置。 統縣十，戶四千二百。〉
Lujiang commandery 〈Han first opened the Lujiang shore. It listed ten counties and 4,200 households.〉
89
:陽泉舒 〈故國，有桐鄉。〉 灊 〈天柱山在南，有祠。〉 皖尋陽居巢 〈桀死於此。〉 臨湖襄安龍舒六 〈故六國。〉
Yangquan and Shu 〈Shu was an old Rong polity still boasting Tongxiang hamlet.〉 Qian 〈The sacred Tianzhu massif loomed south of Qian with its state shrine.〉 Wan, Xunyang, and Juchao 〈Legend places Jie of Xia's death in Juchao.〉 Linhu, Xiang'an, Longshu, and Lu 〈Lu county recalled the Six domain of Zhou.〉
90
毗陵郡 〈吳分會稽無錫已西為屯田，置典農校尉。 太康二年，省校尉為毗陵郡。 統縣七，戶一萬二千。〉
Piling commandery 〈Wu turned the Kuaiji uplands west of Wuxi into agri-garrisons under an agricultural colonel. Western Jin abolished the colonel in Taikang 2 and promoted the belt to Piling commandery. It governed seven counties with 12,000 households.〉
91
:丹徒 〈故硃方。〉 曲阿 〈故云陽。〉 武進延陵毗陵既陽無錫 〈有磨山、春申君祠。〉
Dantu 〈Old Wu's Zhufang arsenal town.〉 Qu'e 〈Han had called the place Yunyang.〉 Wujin, Yanling, Piling, Jiyang, and Wuxi 〈Wuxi claimed Mo Hill and a cult to Lord Chunshen of Chu.〉
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吳郡 〈漢置。 統縣十一，戶二萬五千。〉
Wu commandery 〈Han centered the lower Yangzi delta here. It counted eleven counties and 25,000 households.〉
93
:吳 〈故國。 具區在西。〉 嘉興海鹽鹽官錢唐 〈武林山、武林水所出。〉 富陽桐廬建德壽昌海虞婁
Wu 〈The old Wu capital county; Lake Tai spread to its west.〉 Jiaxing, Haiyan, Yanguan, and Qiantang 〈Qiantang framed Mount Wulin and the creek that shares its name.〉 Fuyang, Tonglu, Jiande, Shouchang, Haiyu, and Lou
94
吳興郡 〈吳置。 統縣十，戶二萬四千。〉
Wuxing commandery 〈Sun Hao consolidated these lake counties under Wu. It governed ten counties with 24,000 households.〉
95
:烏程臨安余杭武康 〈故防風氏國。〉 東遷於潛 〈有潛水。〉 故鄣安吉原鄉長城
Wucheng, Lin'an, Yuhang, and Wukang 〈Wukang was ground the Lord of Fangfeng once ruled.〉 Dongqian and Yuqian 〈Yuqian took its name from the Qian stream.〉 Guzhang, Anji, Yuanxiang, and Changcheng
96
會稽郡 〈秦置。 統縣十，戶三萬。〉
Kuaiji commandery 〈Qin first planted a commandery seat here. It listed ten counties and 30,000 households.〉
97
:山陰 〈會稽山在南，上有禹塚。〉 上虞 〈有仇亭，舜避丹硃於此地。〉 余姚 〈有句余山在南。〉 句章鄞 〈有鮚埼亭。〉 鄮始甯剡永興諸暨
Shanyin 〈Mount Kuaiji towered south of town, crowned by Yu the Great's mound.〉 Shangyu 〈Shangyu kept Qiu Pavilion, where Shun once dodged Danzhu.〉 Yuyao 〈Yuyao faced the Gouyu peaks on the south.〉 Juzhang and Yin 〈Yin guarded the Jiqi fishing jetty.〉 Mao, Shining, Shan, Yongxing, and Zhuji
98
東陽郡 〈吳置。 統縣九，戶一萬二千。〉
Dongyang commandery 〈Wu split it from Kuaiji uplands. It held nine counties with 12,000 households.〉
99
:長山 〈有赤松子廟。〉 永康烏傷吳寧太末信安豐安定陽遂昌
Changshan 〈The county enshrined the immortal Master Chisong.〉 Yongkang, Wushang, Wuning, Tai'mo, Xin'an, Feng'an, Dingyang, and Suichang
100
新安郡 〈吳置。 統縣六，戶五千。〉
Xin'an commandery 〈Wu organized the Huizhou ridges as Xin'an. It counted six counties and 5,000 households.〉
101
:始新遂安黝歙海甯黎陽
Shixin, Sui'an, You, She, Haining, and Liyang
102
臨海郡 〈吳置。 統縣八，戶一萬八千。〉
Linhai commandery 〈Wu ring-fenced the east-sea shore. It governed eight counties with 18,000 households.〉
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:章安臨海始豐永甯甯海松陽安固橫陽
Zhang'an, Linhai, Shifeng, Yongning, Ninghai, Songyang, Angu, and Hengyang
104
建安郡 〈故秦閩中郡，漢高帝五年以立閩越王。 及武帝滅之，徙其人，名為東冶，又更名東城。 後漢改為候官都尉，及吳置建安郡。 統縣七，戶四千三百。〉
Jian'an commandery 〈The belt had been Qin's Minzhong circuit; Gaozu enfeoffed the Minyue king there in year five. When Han Wudi crushed Minyue, he deported the population, first calling the seat Dongye, then Dongcheng. Later Han downgraded it to a Houguan commandant until Wu refounded Jian'an commandery. Jian'an mustered seven counties and 4,300 households.〉
105
:建安吳興東平建陽將樂邵武延平
Jian'an, Wuxing, Dongping, Jianyang, Jiangle, Shaowu, and Yanping
106
晉安郡 〈置。 統縣八，戶四千三百。〉
Jin'an commandery 〈Western Jin split it from Jian'an. It governed eight counties with 4,300 households.〉
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:原豐新羅宛平同安候官羅江晉安溫麻
Yuanfeng, Xinluo, Wanping, Tong'an, Houguan, Luojiang, Jin'an, and Wenma
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豫章郡 〈漢置。 統縣十六，戶三萬五千。〉
Yuzhang commandery 〈Han first opened the Gan corridor. It counted sixteen counties and 35,000 households.〉
109
:南昌海昏新淦建城望蔡永修建昌吳平豫章彭澤艾康樂豐城新吳宜豐鍾陵
Nanchang, Haihun, Xingan, Jiancheng, Wangcai, Yongxiu, Jianchang, Wuping, Yuzhang, Pengze, Ai, Kangle, Fengcheng, Xinwu, Yifeng, and Zhongling
110
臨川郡 〈吳置。 統縣十，戶八千五百。〉
Linchuan commandery 〈Sun Wu split it from Yuzhang. It listed ten counties and 8,500 households.〉
111
:臨汝西豐南城東興南豐永成宜黃安浦西寧新建
Linru, Xifeng, Nancheng, Dongxing, Nanfeng, Yongcheng, Yihuang, Anpu, Xining, and Xinjian
112
鄱陽郡 〈吳置。 統縣八，戶六千一百。〉
Poyang commandery 〈Wu ringed Lake Poyang. It governed eight counties with 6,100 households.〉
113
:廣晉鄱陽樂安餘汗鄡陽歷陵葛陽晉興
Guangjin, Poyang, Le'an, Yuhan, Gaoyang, Liling, Geyang, and Jinxing
114
廬陵郡 〈吳置。 統縣十，戶一萬二千二百。〉
Luling commandery 〈Wu opened the middle Gan. It counted ten counties and 12,200 households.〉
115
:西昌高昌石陽巴丘南野東昌遂興吉陽興平陽豐
Xichang, Gaochang, Shiyang, Baqiu, Nanye, Dongchang, Suixing, Jiyang, Xingping, and Yangfeng
116
南康郡 〈太康三年置。 統縣五，戶一千四百。〉
Nankang commandery 〈Western Jin chartered it in Taikang 3. It held only five counties and 1,400 households.〉
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:贛雩都平固南康揭陽
Gan, Yudu, Pinggu, Nankang, and Jieyang
118
惠帝，有司奏，荊、揭二州疆土廣遠，統理尤難，於是割揚州之豫章、鄱陽、廬陵、臨川、南康、建安、晉安、荊州之武昌、桂陽、安成，合十郡，因江水之名而置江州。 ，分廬江之尋陽、武昌之柴桑二縣置尋陽郡，屬江州，分淮南之烏江、歷陽二縣置歷陽郡。 又以周玘創義討石冰，割吳興之陽羨並長城縣之北鄉置義鄉、國山、臨津並陽羨四縣，又分丹陽之永世置平陵及永世，凡六縣，立義興郡，以表紀之功，並屬揚州。 又以毗陵郡封東海王世子毗，避毗諱，改為晉陵。 懷帝，又以豫章之彭澤縣屬尋陽郡。 愍帝立，避帝諱改建鄴為建康。 元帝渡江，建都揚州，改丹陽太守為尹，江州又置新蔡郡。 尋陽郡又置九江、上甲二縣，尋又省九江縣入尋陽。 是時司、冀、雍、涼、青、并、兗、豫、幽、平諸州皆淪沒，江南所得但有揚、荊、湘、江、梁、益、交、廣，其徐州則有過半，豫州惟得譙城而已。 明帝，分臨海立永嘉郡，流永甯、安固、松陽、橫陽等四縣，而揚州統丹陽、吳郡、吳興、新安、東陽、臨海、永嘉、宣城、義興、晉陵十一郡。
Under Emperor Hui officials complained that Jing and Yang (the text writes "Jie" for the second name) sprawled too far to govern; Jin therefore spun Jiangzhou out of ten commanderies straddling the Gan and middle Yangzi, naming it for the river itself. , then Xunyang and Chaisang were paired into a new Xunyang commandery under Jiangzhou, while Wujiang and Liyang became a fresh Liyang commandery. Because Zhou Qi had led loyalists against Shi Bing, Jin carved Yixing from Yangxian and Changcheng's north township, split Danyang's Yongshi into Pingling, and bundled six counties into a new Yixing commandery to honor him—all still under Yangzhou. When the Prince of Donghai's heir received Piling as a fief, the name was tabooed to Jinling. Emperor Huai shifted Pengze from Yuzhang into Xunyang. Emperor Min renamed Jianye Jiankang to honor his own taboo. Sima Rui made Yangzhou his capital circuit, promoted Danyang's governor to yin, and let Jiangzhou add Xincai. Xunyang briefly listed Jiujiang and Shangjia, then folded Jiujiang back into the mother county. North China's dozen provinces had fallen; the court held only the eight southern ones plus fragments of Xu and a Qiao enclave masquerading as Yu. Emperor Ming cut Yongjia from Linhai and moved four coast counties under it, leaving Yangzhou with eleven commanderies on the books.
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自中原亂離，遺黎南渡，並僑置牧司在廣陵，丹徒南城，非舊土也。 及胡寇南侵，淮南百姓皆渡江。 成帝初，蘇峻、祖約為亂于江淮，胡寇又大至，百姓南渡者轉多，乃於江南僑立淮南郡及諸縣，又于尋陽僑置松滋郡，遙隸揚州。 咸康四年，僑置魏郡、廣川、高陽、堂邑等諸郡，並所統縣並寄居京邑，改陵陽為廣陽。 孝武，又分永嘉郡之永甯縣置樂成縣。 是時上党百姓南渡，僑立上黨郡為四縣，寄居蕪湖。 尋又省上黨郡為縣，又罷襄城郡為繁昌縣，並以屬淮南。 安帝，省尋陽縣入柴桑縣，柴桑仍為郡，後又省上甲縣入彭澤縣。 舊江州督荊州之竟陵郡，及何無忌為刺史，表以竟陵去州遼遠，去江陵三百里，荊州所立綏安郡人戶入境，欲資此郡助江濱戍防，以竟陵郡還荊州。 又司州之弘農、揚州之松滋二郡寄在尋陽，人戶難居，並宜建督。 安帝從之。 後又省松滋郡為松滋縣，弘農郡為弘農縣，並屬尋陽郡。
Refugees stacked nominal governors at Guangling and Dantu's south gate—nowhere near their true northland homes. Each Hu thrust emptied Huainan onto the south bank. Early in Cheng's reign Su Jun and Zu Yue wrecked the Huai line, fresh invasions followed, and Jin papered the south with shadow Huainan and a distant Songzi commandery seated at Xunyang. Xiankang 4 brought a raft of phantom northern commanderies packed around the capital, while Lingyang was retitled Guangyang. Xiaowu peeled Lecheng out of Yongning. Shangdang exiles gained a paper commandery of four counties parked at Wuhu. Later the phantom Shangdang shrank to a single county, Xiangcheng collapsed into Fanchang, and both sat under Huainan. Emperor An swallowed Xunyang into Chaisang, kept Chaisang as a commandery seat, and later merged Shangjia into Pengze. Jiangzhou once oversaw Jingling until He Wuji argued it belonged with Jingzhou proper once Sui'an settlers spilled across the border. Exile versions of Hongnong and Songzi overlapped at Xunyang, so officials begged for a dedicated overseer. Emperor An approved the plan. Later both phantom commanderies devolved to counties inside Xunyang.
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交州
Jiao province
121
案《禹貢》揚州之域，是為南越之土。 秦始皇即略定揚越，以謫戍卒五十萬人守五嶺。 自北徂南，入越之道，必由嶺嶠，時有五處，故曰五嶺。 後使任囂、趙他攻越，略取陸梁地，遂定南越，以為桂林、南海、象等三郡，非三十六郡之限，乃置南海尉以典之，所謂東南一尉也。 漢初，以嶺南三郡及長沙、豫章封吳芮為長沙王。 十一年，以南武侯織為南海王。 陸賈使還，拜趙他為南越王，割長沙之南三郡以封之。 武帝，討平呂嘉，以其地為南海、蒼梧、郁林、合浦、日南、九真、交趾七郡，蓋秦時三郡之地。 元封中，又置儋耳、珠崖二郡，置交趾刺史以督之。 昭帝，罷儋耳併珠崖。 元帝，又罷珠崖郡。 後漢馬援平定交部，始調立城郭置井邑。 順帝，交趾太守周敞求立為州，朝議不許，即拜敞為交趾刺史。 桓帝分立高興郡，靈帝改曰高涼。 ，張津為刺史，士燮交趾太守，共表立為州，乃拜津為交州牧。 十五年，移居番禺，詔以邊州使持節，郡給鼓吹，以重城鎮，加以九錫六佾之舞。 吳，割南海、蒼梧、郁林三郡立廣州，交趾、日南、九真、合浦四郡為交州。 戴良為刺史，值亂不得入，呂岱擊平之，復還併交部。 ，復置珠崖部。 ，復以前三郡立廣州。 及孫皓，又立新昌、武平、九德三郡。 蜀以李恢為建甯太守，遙領交州刺史。 晉平蜀，以蜀建甯太守霍弋遙領交州，得以便宜選用長吏。 平吳後，省珠崖入合浦。 交州統郡七，縣五十三，戶二萬五千六百。
The "Tribute of Yu" counts the Red River basin as part of Yangzhou—the old Yue southlands. The First Emperor seized the Yue hills and parked fifty thousand penal troops on the five passes. Every road south climbed a ridge saddle—five of them, hence the name Five Ranges. Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo stormed the Luliang hills, carved Guilin, Nanhai, and Xiang outside Qin's thirty-sixfold map, and invented a Nanhai commandant—the "one commandant of the southeast." Early Han let Wu Rui keep Lingnan plus Changsha and Yuzhang as his Changsha kingdom. In the eleventh year Gaozu ennobled the Nanwu marquis as king of Nanhai. Lu Jia's embassy ended with Zhao Tuo as Southern Yue king, funded by three southern Changsha commanderies. Han Wudi crushed Lü Jia and drew seven commanderies—roughly Qin's triple Lingnan map. Yuanfeng added Hainan's Dan'er and Zhuya plus a roaming Jiaozhi inspector. Emperor Zhao folded Dan'er into Zhuya. Emperor Yuan dropped Zhuya altogether. Ma Yuan's Later Han campaign finally ringed the Red River plain with walls and wells. Governor Zhou Chang begged for provincial status and had to settle for inspector. Huan split Gaoxing from the coast; Ling renamed it Gaoliang. , then Zhang Jin and Shi Xie jointly won imperial approval for a real province, and Zhang Jin took the shepherd's staff. Fifteen years on the seat shifted to Panyu with full border-province honors—processional bands, nine tins, six rows of dancers. Eastern Wu peeled Guangzhou from three eastern Lingnan commanderies while the four western ones stayed Jiao. Dai Liang could not reach his post until Lü Dai cleared the roads and reunited the inspectorate. , and Wu briefly revived Zhuya. , then re-split the eastern trio into Guangzhou once more. Sun Hao added Xinchang, Wuping, and Jiude. Shu made Li Hui Jianning governor with a paper Jiao portfolio. After Shu fell, Huo Yi kept the same remote Jiao title with discretionary hiring. Once Wu collapsed, Jin merged Zhuya into Hepu. Reunified Jiao province listed seven commanderies, 53 counties, and 25,600 households.
122
合浦郡 〈漢置。 統縣六，戶二千。〉
Hepu commandery 〈Han first opened the Gulf commandery. It held six counties and 2,000 households.〉
123
:合浦南平蕩昌徐聞毒質珠官
Hepu, Nanping, Dangchang, Xuwen, Duzhi, and Zhuguan
124
交趾郡 〈漢置。 統縣十四，戶一萬二千。〉
Jiaozhi commandery 〈Han centered the Red River delta here. It governed fourteen counties with 12,000 households.〉
125
:龍編苟漏望海𨏩𨻻西于武甯朱鳶曲昜交興北帶稽徐安定南定海平
The Red River delta counties ran from Longbian and Goulou through Wanghai and the twin-graph Mengxie seat, then Xiyu, Wuning, Zhu yuan, Qu yang, Jiao xing, Beidai, Jixu, Anding, Nanding, and Haiping.
126
新昌郡 〈吳置。 統縣六，戶三千。〉
Xinchang commandery 〈Wu opened the upper Red River. It counted six counties and 3,000 households.〉
127
:麋泠 〈婦人徵側為主處，馬援平之。〉 嘉甯吳定封山臨西西道
Miling 〈This was the stronghold of Zheng Ce's rebellion until Ma Yuan broke it.〉 Jianing, Wuding, Fengshan, Linxi, and Xidao
128
武平郡 〈吳置。 統縣七，戶五千。〉
Wuping commandery 〈Wu garrisoned the middle uplands. It listed seven counties and 5,000 households.〉
129
:武甯武興進山根甯安武扶安封溪
Wuning, Wuxing, Jinshan, Genning, Anwu, Fuan, and Fengxi
130
九真郡 〈漢置。 統縣七，戶三千。〉
Jiuzhen commandery 〈Han pushed past the seventeenth parallel here. It governed seven counties with 3,000 households.〉
131
:胥浦移風津梧建初常樂扶樂松原
Xu pu, Yifeng, Jinwu, Jianchu, Changle, Fule, and Songyuan
132
九德郡 〈吳置，周時越常氏地。 統縣八，無戶。〉
Jiude commandery 〈Wu organized the old Yuechang country of Zhou legend. It listed eight counties but no reliable household tally.〉
133
:九德咸驩南陵陽遂扶苓曲胥浦陽都洨
Jiude, Xianhuan, Nanling, Yangsui, Fuling, Quxu, Puyang, and Duxiao
134
日南郡 〈秦置象郡，漢武帝改名焉。 統縣五，戶六百。〉
Rinan commandery 〈Qin's old Xiang commandery became Rinan under Han Wudi. It held five counties but only six hundred households on the books.〉
135
:象林 〈自此南有四國，其人皆云漢人子孫，今有銅柱，亦是漢置此為界。 貢金供稅也。〉 盧容 〈象郡所居。〉 朱吾西卷比景
Xianglin 〈South of Xianglin lay four kingdoms whose elites claimed Han descent; Han had raised bronze pillars here to mark the frontier. Those realms sent gold as tribute tax.〉 Lurong 〈This had been the seat of Qin's Xiang commandery.〉 Zhuwu, Xijuan, and Bijin
136
廣州
Guang province
137
案《禹貢》揚州之域，秦末趙他所據之地。 及漢武帝，以其地為交址郡。 至吳，分交州之南海、蒼梧、郁林、高梁四郡立為廣州，俄復舊。 ，復分交州置廣州，分合浦立合浦北部，以都尉領之。 孫皓分郁林立桂林郡。 及太康中，吳平，遂以荊州始安、始興、臨賀三郡來屬。 合統郡十，縣六十八，戶四萬三千一百二十。
The "Tribute of Yu" still counts the Pearl River mouth as Yangzhou—the belt Zhao Tuo seized when Qin collapsed. Han Wudi folded the same ground into Jiaozhi commandery. Eastern Wu briefly declared Guangzhou from four eastern Jiao commanderies, then reversed the split. , later Wu split Guangzhou off again and added a northern Hepu commandant's district. Sun Hao carved Guilin out of Yulin. After Wu fell in the Taikang years, three Jingzhou commanderies on the north rim joined Guangzhou. Western Guangzhou mustered ten commanderies, 68 counties, and 43,120 households.
138
南海郡 〈秦置。 統縣六，戶九千五百。〉
Nanhai commandery 〈Qin first opened the Pearl River port. It governed six counties with 9,500 households.〉
139
:番禺四會增城博羅龍川平夷
Panyu, Sihui, Zengcheng, Boluo, Longchuan, and Pingyi
140
臨賀郡 〈吳置。 統縣六，戶二千五百。〉
Linhe commandery 〈Wu linked the Xiang–Gui passes. It counted six counties and 2,500 households.〉
141
:臨賀謝沐馮乘封陽興安富川
Linhe, Xiemù, Fengcheng, Fengyang, Xing'an, and Fuchuan
142
始安郡 〈吳置。 統縣七，戶六千。〉
Shi'an commandery 〈Wu organized the upper Gui. It listed seven counties and 6,000 households.〉
143
:始安始陽平樂荔浦常安熙平永豐
Shi'an, Shiyang, Pingle, Lipu, Chang'an, Xiping, and Yongfeng
144
始興郡 〈吳置。 統縣七，戶五千。〉
Shixing commandery 〈Wu opened the Bei River. It governed seven counties with 5,000 households.〉
145
:曲江桂陽始興含洭湞陽中宿陽山
Qujiang, Guiyang, Shixing, Hanxuang, Zhenyang, Zhongsu, and Yangshan
146
蒼梧郡 〈漢置。 統縣十二，戶七千七百。〉
Cangwu commandery 〈Han bridged the Xi valley. It mustered twelve counties and 7,700 households.〉
147
:廣信端溪高要建陵新寧猛陵鄣平農城元谿臨允都羅武城
Guangxin, Duanxi, Gaoyao, Jianling, Xinning, Mengling, Zhangping, Nongcheng, Yuanxi, Linyun, Duoluo, and Wucheng
148
郁林郡 〈秦置桂林郡，武帝更名。 統縣九，戶六千。〉
Yulin commandery 〈Qin's Guilin became Yulin under Han Wudi. It counted nine counties and 6,000 households.〉
149
:布山阿林新邑晉平始建鬱平領方武熙安廣
Bushan, Alin, Xinyi, Jinping, Shijian, Yuping, Lingfang, Wuxi, and An'guang
150
桂林郡 〈吳置。 統縣八，戶二千。〉
Guilin commandery 〈Sun Hao's new Guilin ring. It held eight counties with 2,000 households.〉
151
:潭中武豐粟平羊平龍剛夾陽武城軍騰
Tanzhong, Wufeng, Suping, Yangping, Longgang, Jiayang, Wucheng, and Jun'teng
152
高涼郡 〈吳置。 統縣三，戶二千。〉
Gaoliang commandery 〈Wu garrisoned the south coast. It comprised three counties and 2,000 households.〉
153
:安寧高涼思平
Anning, Gaoliang, and Siping
154
高興郡 〈吳置。 統縣五，戶一千二百。〉
Gaoxing commandery 〈Wu opened the upper Gulf. It listed five counties and 1,200 households.〉
155
:廣化海安化平黃陽西平
Guanghua, Hai'an, Huaping, Huangyang, and Xiping
156
甯浦郡 〈吳置。 統縣五，戶一千二百二十。〉
Ningpu commandery 〈Wu watched the Zuo estuary. It governed five counties with 1,220 households.〉
157
:甯浦連道吳安昌平平山
Ningpu, Liandao, Wu'an, Changping, and Pingshan
158
武帝后省高興郡。 懷帝，又以臨賀、始興、始安三郡凡二十縣為湘州。 元帝分郁林立晉興郡。 成帝分南海立東官郡，以始興、臨賀二郡還屬荊州。 穆帝分蒼梧立晉康、新甯、永平三郡。 哀帝太和中置新安郡，安帝分東官立義安郡，恭帝分南海立新會郡。
Western Jin later deleted Gaoxing commandery. Emperor Huai handed twenty Guangxi counties to the new Xiangzhou. Sima Rui carved Jinxing out of Yulin. Emperor Cheng added Dongguan from Nanhai but sent Shixing and Linhe back to Jingzhou. Emperor Mu cut Jinkang, Xinning, and Yongping out of Cangwu. Emperor Ai chartered Xin'an, Emperor An spun Yi'an from Dongguan, and Emperor Gong hived Xinhui off Nanhai.