1
周處
Zhou Chu.
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周處，字子隱，義興陽羨人也。 父魴，呉鄱陽太守。 處少孤，未弱冠，膂力絶人，好馳騁田獵，不修細行，縱情肆欲，州曲患之。 處自知爲人所惡，乃慨然有改勵之志，謂父老曰：「今時和歳豐，何苦而不樂耶？」 父老歎曰：「三害未除，何樂之有！」 處曰：「何謂也？」 答曰：「南山白額猛獸，長橋下蛟，並子爲三矣。」 處曰：「若此爲患，吾能除之。」 父老曰：「子若除之，則一郡之大慶，非徒去害而已。」 處乃入山射殺猛獸，因投水搏蛟，蛟或沈或浮，行數十里，而處與之俱，經三日三夜，人謂死，皆相慶賀。 處果殺蛟而反，聞鄕里相慶，始知人患己之甚，乃入呉尋二陸。 時機不在，見-{雲}-，具以情告，曰：「欲自修而年已蹉跎，恐將無及。」 -{雲}-曰：「古人貴朝聞夕改，君前途尚可，且患志之不立，何憂名之不彰！」 處遂勵志好學，有文思，志存義烈，言必忠信克己。 期年，州府交辟。 仕呉爲東觀左丞。 孫皓末，爲無難督。 及呉平，王渾登建鄴宮釃酒，既酣，謂呉人曰：「諸君亡國之餘，得無戚乎？」 處對曰：「漢末分崩，三國鼎立，魏滅-{於}-前，呉亡於-{後}-，亡國之戚，豈惟一人！」 渾有慚色。
Zhou Chu, courtesy Ziyin, came from Yangxian in Yixing commandery. His father Zhou Fang had served Wu as prefect of Poyang. Orphaned before adulthood, he was immensely strong and devoted himself to hunting and carousing until the countryside feared him. Knowing people despised him, he resolved to mend his ways and asked the elders why anyone should be unhappy in such good harvests. They answered that three scourges still plagued the land—there was little to celebrate." What scourges?" he asked. They named the white tiger on South Mountain, the river dragon under Long Bridge, and Zhou Chu himself." Then I will rid you of them," he vowed. The elders replied that slaying the beasts would bless the whole commandery. He shot the tiger, then fought the dragon midstream for tens of li over three days until watchers assumed both were dead and celebrated. When he returned alive and heard the rejoicing, he grasped how hated he had been and went to Wu to study under the Lu brothers. Lu Ji was away, so he poured out his heart to Lu Yun, fearing he had wasted his youth. Lu Yun assured him that moral awakening could come late—resolve mattered more than lost years. Chu devoted himself to letters and upright conduct, speaking always with integrity. Within a year every province and prefecture sought him. Under Wu he became left aide at the Eastern Pavilion archive. Sun Hao's last years made him commander of the Trouble-Free corps. After Wu fell Wang Hun toasted the conquered Wu officials and taunted them about grief. Zhou Chu answered that Wei had fallen before Wu—many had known defeat, not they alone. Wang Hun flushed with embarrassment.
3
入洛，稍遷新平太守。 撫和戎狄，叛羌歸附，雍土美之。 轉廣漢太守。 郡多滯訟，有經三十年而不決者，處詳其枉直，一朝決遣。 以母老罷歸。 尋除楚內史，未之官，徵拜散騎常侍。 處曰：「古人辭大不辭小。」 乃先之楚。 而郡既經喪亂，新舊雜居，風俗未一，處敦以教義，又檢屍骸無主及白骨在野收葬之，然始就-{征}-，遠近稱歎。
In Luoyang he rose to prefect of Xinping. He pacified tribes until rebel Qiang submitted and Yongzhou admired him. He transferred to Guanghan prefect. He cleared a backlog of lawsuits some thirty years old in a single day. He resigned to care for his aging mother. Named Chu interior steward before arrival he was recalled as imperial attendant. He cited the maxim that gentlemen refuse grand titles but not humble duties. He insisted on taking the Chu post first. Amid war-ravaged Chu he taught moral order, buried abandoned dead, then answered the capital summons to universal praise.
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及居近侍，多所規諷。 遷御史中丞，凡所糾劾，不避寵戚。 梁王肜違法，處深文案之。 及氐人齊萬年反，朝臣惡處強直，皆曰：「處，呉之名將子也，忠烈果毅。」 乃使隸夏侯駿西-{征}-。 伏波將軍孫秀知其將死，謂之曰：「卿有老母，可以此辭也。」 處曰：「忠孝之道，安得兩全！ 既辭親事君，父母復安得而子乎？ 今日是我死所也。」 萬年聞之，曰：「周府君昔臨新平，我知其爲人，才兼文武，若專斷而來，不可當也。 如受制於人，此成擒耳。」 既而梁王肜爲-{征}-西大將軍、都督關中諸軍事。 處知肜不平，必當陷己，自以人臣盡節，不宜辭憚，乃悲慨即路，志不生還。 中書令陳准知肜將逞宿憾，乃言於朝曰：「駿及梁王皆是貴戚，非將率之才，進不求名，退不畏咎。 周處呉人，忠勇果勁，有怨無援，將必喪身。 宜詔孟觀以精兵萬人，爲處前鋒，必能殄寇。 不然，肜當使處先驅，其敗必也。」 朝廷不從。 時賊屯梁山，有眾七萬，而駿逼處以五千兵擊之。 處曰：「軍無-{後}-繼，必至覆敗，雖在亡身，爲國取恥。」 肜復命處進討，乃與振威將軍盧播、雍州刺史解系攻萬年於六陌。 將戰，處軍人未食，肜促令速進，而絶其-{後}-繼。 處知必敗，賦詩曰：「去去世事已，策馬觀西戎。 藜藿甘粱黍，期之克令終。」 言畢而戰，自旦及暮，斬首萬計。 弦絶矢盡，播、系不救。 左右勸退，處按劍曰：「此是吾效節授命之日，何退之爲！ 且古者良將受命，鑿凶門以出，蓋有進無退也。 今諸軍負信，勢必不振。 我爲大臣，以身徇國，不亦可乎！」 遂力戰而沒。 追贈平西將軍，賜錢百萬，葬地一頃，京城地五十畝爲第，又賜王家近田五頃。 詔曰：「處母年老，加以遠人，朕毎湣念，給其醫藥酒米，賜以終年。」
As palace attendant he repeatedly offered blunt counsel. As imperial censor he impeached even imperial favorites. He built a legal case against Prince Sima Xiong of Liang. When Qi Wannian rose, ministers jealous of Zhou Chu praised his martial pedigree to send him west. They assigned him under Xia Houjun's western campaign. Sun Xiu warned him to plead his mother's age and refuse. Zhou Chu replied that loyalty and filial duty rarely coincide. Having chosen service over family, he could hardly cling to both. This field is where I die." Qi Wannian respected Zhou Chu's Xinping record and feared him if free to command. Controlled by jealous generals, Zhou Chu would fall easily. Sima Xiong soon took western command over Guanzhong. Knowing Sima Xiong would sacrifice him, Zhou Chu marched anyway, expecting no return. Chen Zhun warned that Xia Houjun and Sima Xiong were courtiers, not generals. Zhou Chu, a Wu outsider without allies, would die uselessly. Chen Zhun urged sending Meng Guan with ten thousand veterans ahead of Zhou Chu. Otherwise Sima Xiong would waste Zhou Chu as a forlorn hope. The court ignored him. Qi Wannian held Liang Mountain with seventy thousand men while Xia Houjun ordered Zhou Chu forward with only five thousand. Zhou Chu warned that unsupported troops would collapse and shame Jin. Sima Xiong insisted; Zhou Chu joined Lu Bo and Xie Xi against Qi Wannian at Liumo. Before battle Sima Xiong denied Zhou Chu food and reinforcements. Foreseeing doom Zhou Chu composed verse on riding west to face the tribes. He prayed humble fare might lead to an honorable death. He fought from dawn to dusk, claiming myriad heads. His arrows ran out while Lu Bo and Xie Xi withheld aid. His officers urged retreat; he drew his sword and refused. He cited generals who marched through the funeral gate—never turning back. Now allies had broken faith—morale was broken. As a senior minister he would die for the realm. He fought until he fell. The court posthumously named him General Who Pacifies the West with cash, burial plots, and farmland. An edict pensioned his elderly mother with grain and medicine.
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處著《默語》三十篇及《風土記》，並撰集《呉書》。 時潘-{岳}-奉詔作《關中詩》曰：「周徇師令，身膏齊斧。 人之-{雲}-亡，貞節克舉。」 又西戎校尉閻纘亦上詩-{云}-：「周全其節，令問不已。 身雖-{云}-沒，書名良史。」 及元帝爲晉王，將加處策諡，太常賀循議曰：「處履德清方，才量高出； 曆守四郡，安人立政； 入司百僚，貞節不撓； 在戎致身，見危授命：此皆忠賢之茂實，烈士之遠節。 案諡法執德不回曰孝。」 遂以諡焉。 有三子：玘、靖、劄。 靖早卒，玘、劄並知名。
He wrote the Silent Words, the Record of Local Customs, and helped compile the Wu history. Pan Yue's mandated poem praised Zhou Chu's martyrdom. It hailed his death as proof of steadfast virtue. Yan Zuan likewise memorialized verse honoring Zhou Chu. Though dead, his name would grace the histories. When Sima Rui prepared Zhou Chu's posthumous title, He Xun praised his purity and talent. He had governed four prefectures with kindness. At court he kept principled counsel. He died in arms facing peril—the essence of martyr loyalty. By canon law steadfast virtue merits the epithet Xiao. They granted him the epithet Xiao. His sons were Zhou Qi, Zhou Jing, and Zhou Zha. Zhou Jing died young; Qi and Zha became noted.
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玘
Zhou Qi.
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玘字宣佩。 強毅沈斷有父風，而文學不及。 閉門潔己，不妄交遊，士友咸望風敬憚焉，故名重一方。 弱冠，州郡命，不就。 刺史初到，召爲別駕從事，虛己備禮，方始應命。 累薦名宰府，舉秀才，除議郎。
Zhou Qi, courtesy Xuanpei. He matched his father's toughness though less scholarly. Reclusive and austere, he impressed contemporaries with stern dignity. He refused office until adulthood. Only when a new inspector humbled himself with full ceremony did Zhou Qi agree to serve as aide. Recommended to high office, he rose Worthy and became Consultant Gentleman.
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太安初，妖賊張昌、丘沈等聚眾-{於}-江夏，百姓從之如歸。 惠帝使監軍華宏討之，敗於障山。 昌等浸盛，殺平南將軍羊伊，鎮南大將軍、新野王歆等，所在覆沒。 昌別率封-{雲}-攻徐州，石冰攻揚州，刺史陳徽出奔，冰遂略有揚土。 玘密欲討冰，潛結前南平內史王矩，共推呉興太守顧秘都督揚州九郡軍事，及江東人士同起義兵，斬冰所置呉興太守區山及諸長史。 冰遣其將羌毒領數萬人距玘，玘臨陣斬毒。 時右將軍陳敏自廣陵率眾助圮，斬冰別率趙驡於蕪湖，因與玘俱前攻冰-{於}-建康。 冰北走投封-{雲}-，-{雲}-司馬張統斬-{雲}-、冰以降，徐、揚並平。 玘不言功賞，散眾還家。
In Taian's turmoil Zhang Chang and Qiu Shen rallied Jiangxia until people flocked to them. Emperor Hui sent Hua Hong, who lost at Zhangshan. Zhang Chang killed Yang Yi and Prince Sima Xin until garrisons collapsed everywhere. Zhang Chang's lieutenants Feng Yun and Shi Bing swept Xu and Yang until Chen Hui fled. Zhou Qi allied Wang Ju and Gu Mi to raise Jiangdong forces, killing Shi Bing's officers. He slew Shi Bing's general Qiang Du in battle. Chen Min joined Zhou Qi, defeated Zhao Ji at Wuhu, and marched on Jiankang. Shi Bing fled to Feng Yun; Zhang Tong slew both bandit leaders and restored Xu and Yang. Zhou Qi disbanded his volunteers without seeking rewards.
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陳敏反於揚州，以圮爲安豐太守，加四品將軍。 玘稱疾不行，密遣使告鎮東將軍劉准，令發兵臨江，己爲內應，翦發爲信。 准在壽春，遣督護衡彥率眾而東。 時敏弟昶爲廣武將軍、曆陽內史，以呉興錢廣爲司馬。 玘密諷廣殺昶。 玘與顧榮、甘卓等以兵攻敏，敏眾奔潰，單馬北走，獲之-{於}-江乘界，斬之-{於}-建康，夷三族。 東海王越聞其名，召爲參軍。 詔補尚書郎、散騎郎，並不行。 元帝初鎮江左，以玘爲倉曹屬。
When Chen Min rebelled he named Zhou Qi prefect of Anfeng. Zhou Qi feigned illness while urging Liu Zhun to march east, cutting his hair as covenant. Liu Zhun at Shouchun sent Heng Yan eastward. Chen Min's brother Chen Chang held Liyang with Qian Guang as major. Zhou Qi persuaded Qian Guang to assassinate Chen Chang. With Gu Rong and Gan Zhuo he shattered Chen Min, captured him at Jiangcheng, and executed him at Jiankang. Sima Yue enlisted Zhou Qi as military adviser. He declined concurrent posts as secretary and cavalry gentleman. Prince Yuan Sima Rui named him aide in the granary bureau.
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初，呉興人錢璯亦起義兵討陳敏，越命爲建武將軍，使率其屬會於京都。 璯至廣陵，聞劉聰逼洛陽，畏懦不敢進。 帝促以軍期，璯乃謀反。 時王敦遷尚書，當應徵與璯俱西。 璯陰欲殺敦，藉以舉事，敦聞之，奔告帝。 璯遂殺度支校尉陳豐，焚燒邸閣，自號平西大將軍、八州都督，劫孫皓子充，立爲呉王，既而殺之。 來寇圮縣。 帝遣將軍郭逸、郡尉宋典等討之，並以兵少未敢前。 玘復率合鄕里義眾，與逸等俱進，討璯，斬之，傳首-{於}-建康。
Qian Hao of Wu Xing had joined the loyalists; Sima Yue commissioned him to march on the capital. At Guangling Qian Hao learned Liu Cong threatened Luoyang and stalled in fear. When Sima Rui pressed his deadline, Qian Hao rebelled. Wang Dun was ordered west alongside Qian Hao. Qian Hao planned to murder Wang Dun and seize power; Wang Dun fled to warn the throne. Qian Hao killed Chen Feng, torched depots, crowned himself western commander, briefly enthroned Sun Chong as Wu king, then slew him. He marched against Zhou Qi's home county. Imperial generals hesitated for lack of numbers. Zhou Qi rallied militia, joined Guo Yi, beheaded Qian Hao, and sent his head to Jiankang.
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玘三定江南，開復王略，帝嘉其勳，以玘行建威將軍、呉興太守，封烏程縣侯。 呉興寇亂之-{後}-，百姓饑饉，盜賊公行，玘甚有威惠，百姓敬愛之，期年之間，境內寧謐。 帝以圮頻興義兵，勳誠並茂，乃以陽羨及長城之西鄕、丹陽之永世別爲義興郡，以彰其功焉。
For thrice saving the south Sima Rui made him General Who Establishes Might, prefect of Wu Xing, and Baron of Wucheng. He restored order and famine relief until Wu Xing knew peace within a year. To honor him Sima Rui carved Yixing commandery from Yangxian, Changcheng, and Danyang lands.
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玘宗族強盛，人情所歸，帝疑憚之。 -{於}-時中州人士佐佑王業，而圮自以爲不得調，內懷怨望，復爲刁協輕之，恥恚愈甚。 時鎮東將軍祭酒東萊王恢亦爲周凱所侮，乃與圮陰謀誅諸執政，推玘及戴若思與諸南士共奉帝以經緯世事。 先是，流人帥夏鐵等寓於淮、泗，恢陰書與鐵，令起兵，己當與玘以三呉應之。 建興初，鐵已聚眾數百人，臨淮太守蔡豹斬鐵以聞。 恢聞鐵死，懼罪，奔於玘，玘殺之，埋於豕牢。 帝聞而秘之，召玘爲鎮東司馬，未到，復改授建武將軍、南郡太守。 圮既南行，至蕪湖，又下令曰：「玘奕世忠烈，義誠顯著，孤所欽喜。 今以爲軍諮祭酒，將軍如故，進爵爲公，祿秩僚屬一同開國之例。」 玘忿-{於}-回易，又知其謀泄，遂憂憤發背而卒，時年五十六。 將卒，謂之勰曰：「殺我者諸傖子，能復之，乃吾子也。」 呉人謂中州人曰「傖」，故-{云}-耳。 贈輔國將軍，諡曰忠烈。 子勰嗣。
The Zhou clan's power unsettled Sima Rui. Northerners dominated court while Zhou Qi felt slighted by low appointments and Diao Xie's contempt. Wang Hui, insulted by Zhou Kai, conspired with Zhou Qi and Dai Ruosi to purge northern ministers. Wang Hui urged refugee leader Xia Tie to rise on the Huai while he and Zhou Qi would answer from Wu. Before the plot matured Cai Bao killed Xia Tie. Wang Hui fled to Zhou Qi, who executed him and dumped the body in a pigpen. Sima Rui hushed the scandal but transferred Zhou Qi through successive posts to sideline him. At Wuhu Sima Rui issued an edict praising the Zhou family's loyalty. He named Zhou Qi army counselor while promoting him to duke with princely stipends. Bitter at the empty honor and exposed plot, Zhou Qi died of an infected carbuncle at fifty-six. He told his son Zhou Xie that northern courtiers had killed him and must be avenged. Wu people sneered at northerners as 'rustics'—hence his dying words. He was posthumously named General Who Supports the State with epithet Zhonglie. His son Zhou Xie inherited the title.
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勰
Zhou Xie.
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勰字彥和。 常緘父言。 時中國亡官失守之士避亂來者，多居顯位，駕御呉人，呉人頗怨。 勰因之欲起兵，潛結呉興郡功曹徐馥。 馥家有部曲，勰使馥矯稱叔父劄命以合眾，豪俠樂亂者翕然附之，以討王導、刁協爲名。 孫皓族人弼亦起兵於廣德以應之。 馥殺呉興太守袁琇，有眾數千，將奉劄爲主。 時劄以疾歸家，聞而大驚，乃告亂-{於}-義興太守孔侃。 勰知劄不同，不敢發兵。 馥黨懼，攻馥，殺之。 孫弼眾亦潰，宣城太守陶猷滅之。 元帝以周氏奕世豪望，呉人所宗，故不窮治，撫之如舊。 勰爲劄所責，失志歸家，淫侈縱恣，毎謂人曰：「人生幾時，但當快意耳。」 終於臨淮太守。
Zhou Xie, courtesy Yanhe. He nursed his father's grudge against northern ministers. Refugee officials held power over Wu families, stirring deep resentment. Zhou Xie plotted rebellion with Xu Fu of Wu Xing. Xu Fu forged orders from Zhou Zha to raise troops against Wang Dao and Diao Xie. Sun Bi of Sun Hao's clan rose at Guangde in support. Xu Fu killed Prefect Yuan Xiu and meant to enthrone Zhou Zha. Zhou Zha, home ill, denounced the plot to Kong Kan. Zhou Xie held back when Zhou Zha refused. Xu Fu's followers panicked and killed him. Sun Bi scattered; Tao You of Xuancheng destroyed his band. Sima Rui avoided punishing the Zhou clan to keep Wu loyal. Rebuked by Zhou Zha, Zhou Xie sank into dissipation. He died serving as Linhuai prefect.
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彝
Zhou Yi.
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勰弟彝，少知名，元帝辟爲丞相掾，早亡。
Zhou Yi, Zhou Xie's brother, died young after joining Sima Rui's staff.
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=劄=
Table marker introducing Zhou Zha.
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劄字宣季。 性矜險好利，外方內荏，少以豪右自處，州郡辟命皆不就。 察孝廉，除郎中、大司馬齊王冏參軍。 出補句容令，遷呉國上軍將軍。 辟東海王越參軍，不就。 以討錢璯功，賜爵漳浦亭侯。 元帝爲丞相，表劄爲甯遠將軍、曆陽內史，不之職，轉從事中郎。 徐馥平，以劄爲奮武將軍、呉興內史，録前-{後}-功，改封東遷縣侯，進號-{征}-虜將軍、臨揚州江北軍事、東中郎將，鎮塗中，未之職，轉右將軍、都督石頭水陸軍事。 劄腳疾，不堪拜，固讓經年，有司彈奏，不得已乃視職。 加散騎常侍。
Zhou Zha, courtesy Xuanji. Arrogant, grasping, and outwardly bold yet timid, he spurned office until middle age. He rose Worthy, served Sima Jiong, and entered the palace corps. He governed Gouling and became Wu kingdom general. He refused Sima Yue's invitation. He earned the Zhangpu barony for defeating Qian Hao. Sima Rui named him Liyang prefect but he became attendant clerk instead. After Xu Fu's defeat Zhou Zha stacked titles as Wu Xing prefect, Stone City commander, and general with shifting commissions. Lame and reluctant, he took office only under impeachment. He received concurrent imperial attendant rank.
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王敦舉兵攻石頭，劄開門應敦，故王師敗績。 敦轉劄爲光祿勳，尋補尚書。 頃之，遷右將軍、會稽內史。 時劄兄靖子懋晉陵太守、清流亭侯，懋弟筵-{征}-虜將軍，呉興內史，筵弟贊大將軍從事中郎、武康縣侯，贊弟縉太子文學、都鄕侯，次兄子勰臨淮太守、烏程公。 劄一門五侯，並居列位，呉士貴盛，莫與爲比，王敦深忌之。 -{後}-筵喪母，送者千數，敦益憚焉。 及敦疾，錢風以周氏宗強，與沈充權勢相侔，欲自托於充，謀滅周氏，使充得專威揚土，乃説敦曰：「夫有國者患於強逼，自古釁難恆必由之。 今江東之豪莫強周、沈，公萬世之-{後}-，二族必不靜矣。 周強而多俊才，宜先爲之所，-{後}-嗣可安，國家可保耳。」 敦納之。 時有道士李脫者，妖術惑眾，自言八百歳，故號李八百。 自中州至建鄴，以鬼道療病，又署人官位，時人多信事之。 弟子李弘養徒灊山，-{云}-應讖當王。 故敦使廬江太守李恆告劄及其諸兄子與脫謀圖不軌。 時筵爲敦諮議參軍，即營中殺筵及脫、弘，又遣參軍賀鸞就沈充盡掩殺劄兄弟子，既而進軍會稽，襲劄。 劄先不知，卒聞兵至，率麾下數百人出距之，兵散見殺。 劄性貪財好色，惟以業產爲務。 兵至之日，庫中有精杖，外白以配兵，劄猶惜不與，以弊者給之，其鄙吝如此，故士卒莫爲之用。
When Wang Dun struck Jiankang Zhou Zha opened Stone City to him. Wang Dun moved him to household grandee then secretary. Soon he became Right General and Kuaiji prefect. The Zhou clan held five noble posts across Jinling, Wu Xing, and the heir's court. Five Zhou nobles outshone every Wu family and drew Wang Dun's jealousy. When Zhou Yan buried his mother thousands attended, alarming Wang Dun. Wang Dun's lieutenant Qian Feng urged him to destroy the Zhou and Shen clans before they threatened the realm. He argued Zhou and Shen dominated Jiangdong and would trouble Jin later. Strike Zhou first, Qian Feng urged, while Zhou talents remained manageable. Wang Dun agreed. The sorcerer Li Tuo claimed eight centuries of age. He healed by sorcery and sold bogus offices until crowds trusted him. His disciple Li Hong gathered bands on Mount Qian claiming prophecy named him king. Wang Dun framed Zhou Zha and his nephews as allies of Li Tuo. Wang Dun slew Zhou Yan and the sorcerers, sent Shen Chong to massacre Zhou kin, then marched on Zhou Zha. Caught unaware, Zhou Zha sortied with hundreds until his men fled and he died. Zhou Zha cared only for wealth and women. Even besieged he hoarded good weapons and issued junk—so no soldier fought for him.
23
及敦死，劄、莚故吏並詣闕訟周氏之冤，宜加贈諡。 事下八坐，尚書卞壺議以「劄石頭之役開門延寇遂使賊敦恣亂，劄之責也。 追贈意所未安。 懋、筵兄弟宜復本位。」 司徒王導議以「劄在石頭，忠存社稷，義在亡身。 至於往年之事，自臣等有識以上，與劄情豈有異！ 此言實貫於聖鑒，論者見奸逆既彰，便欲-{征}-往年已有不臣之漸。 即復使爾，要當時眾所未悟。 既悟其奸萌，劄與臣等便以身許國，死而-{後}-已，劄亦尋取梟夷。 朝廷檄命既下，大事既定，便正以爲逆黨。 邪正失所，進退無據，誠國體所宜深惜。 臣謂宜與周顗、戴若思等同例。」 尚書令希鑒議曰：「夫褒貶臧否，宜令體明例通。 今周、戴以死節復位，周劄以開門同例，事異賞均，意所疑惑。 如司徒議，謂往年之事自有識以上皆與劄不異，此爲邪正坦然有在。 昔宋文失禮，華樂荷不臣之罰； 齊靈嬖孽，高厚有從昏之戮。 以古況今，譙王、周、戴宜受若此之責，何加贈復位之有乎！ 今據已顯復，則劄宜貶責明矣。」 導重議曰：「省令君議，必劄之開門與譙王、周、戴異。 今劄開門，直出風言，竟實事邪？ 便以風言定褒貶，意莫若原情考-{征}-也。 論者謂劄知隗、協亂政，信敦匡救，苟匡救信，奸佞除，即所謂流四凶族以隆人主巍巍之功耳。 如此，劄所以忠於社稷也。 -{後}-敦悖謬出所不圖，劄亦闔門不同，以此滅族，是其死於爲義也。 夫信敦當時之匡救，不圖將來之大逆，惡隗、協之亂政，不失爲臣之貞節者，-{於}-時朝士豈惟周、劄邪！ 若盡謂不忠，懼有誣乎譙王、周、戴。 各以死衞國，斯亦人臣之節也。 但所見有同異，然期之於必忠，故宜申明耳。 即如今君議，宋華、齊高其在隗、協矣。 昔子糾之難，召忽死之，管仲不死。 若以死爲賢，則管仲當貶； 若以不死爲賢，則召忽死爲失。 先典何以兩通之？ 明爲忠之情同也。 死雖是忠之一目，亦不必爲忠皆當死也。 漢祖遺約，非劉氏不王，非功臣不侯，違命天下共誅之。 -{後}-呂-{後}-王諸呂，周勃從之，王陵廷爭，可不謂忠乎？ 周勃誅呂尊文，安漢社稷，忠莫尚焉，則王陵又何足言，而前史兩爲美談。 固知死與不死，爭與不爭，苟原情盡意，不可定於一概也。 且劄闔棺定諡，違逆黨順，受戮凶邪，不負忠義明矣。」 鑒又駁不同，而朝廷竟從導議，追贈劄衞尉，遣使者祠以少牢。
After Wang Dun died Zhou retainers petitioned to rehabilitate the clan. Bian Kun blamed Zhou Zha for opening Stone City to Wang Dun. He opposed posthumous honors. He allowed Zhou Mao and Zhou Yan their former ranks. Wang Dao argued Zhou Zha meant to save the throne. Everyone shared Zhou Zha's dilemma during Wang Dun's coup. Critics unfairly read hindsight into Zhou Zha's choices. None understood Wang Dun's treason at first. Once loyalists moved, Zhou Zha gave his life and soon fell to purge. Labeling him rebel after the fact twisted justice. The throne risked losing moral clarity on guilt and innocence. Wang Dao urged parity with Zhou Yi and Dai Ruosi. Xi Jian demanded consistent moral judgment. He objected that Zhou Zha's gate-opening could not equal Zhou Yi's martyrdom. If all shared Zhou Zha's plight, verdicts should align. He cited Duke Wen of Song punishing minister Hua Le. He cited Duke Ling of Qi executing Gao Hou. Xi Jian argued Zhou Zha deserved punishment like ancient rebels, not honors. If others were rehabilitated, Zhou Zha must stay condemned. Wang Dao countered Xi Jian on Zhou Zha's intent. Was Zhou Zha's opening based merely on rumor? Verdicts cannot rest on hearsay without weighing motive. Some thought Zhou Zha backed Wang Dun to oust Yu Wei and Liu Xie—like banishing the Four Evils. Thus Wang Dao argued Zhou Zha had meant loyalty to the Jin throne. When Wang Dun turned traitor Zhou Zha opposed him and died with his house—true martyrdom. Many courtiers, not Zhou Zha alone, once trusted Wang Dun's façade. Calling everyone disloyal would smear Prince Sima Cheng, Zhou Yi, and Dai Zhou. They died defending Jin—that remains loyalty. Views differed but loyal intent must be weighed. Xi Jian likened ministers to ancient rebels—but analogy strains. Shao Hu died for Prince Jiu while Guan Zhong survived. If death defines virtue Guan Zhong should be vilified. If survival is virtue Shao Hu died in vain. Classics praise both—how reconcile? Both acted from loyalty. Death is one proof of loyalty—not its only form. Gaozu's oath barred non-Liu kings until history challenged it. Zhou Bo followed Lü yet Wang Ling remonstrated—both loyal paths. Zhou Bo saved Han despite bending—histories honor both Zhou Bo and Wang Ling. No single rule covers survival versus martyrdom. Zhou Zha died opposing rebels—his loyalty stands clear. Xi Jian dissented but the court adopted Wang Dao and honored Zhou Zha posthumously.
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澹
Zhou Dan.
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劄長子澹，太宰府掾。 次子稚，察孝廉，不行。
Zhou Dan served Sima Yue's marshal staff. Younger son Zhou Zhi declined Worthy nomination.
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筵
Zhou Yan.
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筵卓犖有才-{幹}-，拜-{征}-虜將軍、呉興太守，遷黃門侍郎。 徐馥之役，筵族兄續亦聚眾應之。 元帝議欲討之，王導以爲「兵少則不足制寇，多遣則根本空虛。 黃門侍郎周筵忠烈至到，爲一郡所敬。 意謂直遣筵，足能殺續」。 於是詔以力士百人給筵，使輕騎還陽羨。 筵即日取道，晝夜兼行。 既至郡，將入，遇續於門，筵謂續曰：「宜與君共詣孔府君，有所論。」 續不肯入，筵逼牽與俱。 坐定，筵謂太守孔侃曰：「府君何以置賊在坐？」 續衣裏帶小刀，便操刃逼筵，筵叱郡傳教呉曾：「何不舉手！」 曾有膽力，便以刀環築續，殺之。 筵因欲誅勰，劄拒不許，委罪-{於}-從兄邵，誅之。 筵不歸家省母，遂長驅而去，母狼狽追之。 其忠公如此。
Zhou Yan became general, Wu Xing prefect, then palace gentleman. During Xu Fu's revolt cousin Zhou Xu rose in arms. Sima Rui debated attacking while Wang Dao cited thin garrisons. Wang Dao trusted Zhou Yan alone could suppress Zhou Xu. Send Zhou Yan with minimal escort to kill Zhou Xu. The court gave Zhou Yan a hundred braves to ride fast to Yangxian. He raced day and night. At the gate he invited Zhou Xu to see Prefect Kong Kan. Zhou Xu resisted until Zhou Yan dragged him inside. He accused Kong Kan of harboring the rebel. When Zhou Xu drew a knife Zhou Yan ordered Wu Zeng to strike. Wu Zeng killed Zhou Xu with the sword pommel. Zhou Yan meant to kill Zhou Xie but Zhou Zha blamed cousin Zhou Shao instead. He rode off without visiting his mother, who chased him desperately. Such was his ruthless public zeal.
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遷太子右衞率。 及王敦作難，加冠軍將軍、都督會稽、呉興、義興、晉陵、東陽軍事，率水軍三千人討沈充，未發而王師敗績。 筵聞劄開城納敦，憤吒慷慨形於辭色。 尋遇害。 敦平-{後}-，與劄同被復官。
He became captain of the crown prince's right guard. Wang Dun named him to command five commanderies against Shen Chong before Sima Rui's defeat. He raged when Zhou Zha admitted Wang Dun. Wang Dun soon had him murdered. After Wang Dun fell both Zhou Yan and Zhou Zha were rehabilitated posthumously.
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初，筵於姑孰立屋五間，而六梁一時躍出墮地，衡獨立柱頭零節之上，甚危，雖以人功，不能然也。 -{後}-竟覆族。
Five beams once jumped from his Gushu hall—a freak omen. It foretold the Zhou clan's ruin.
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縉
Zhou Jin.
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筵弟縉，少無行檢，嘗在建康、烏衣道中逢孔氏婢，時與同僚二人共載，便令左右捉婢上車，其強暴若此。
Zhou Jin abducted a Kong slave girl in broad daylight.
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周訪
Zhou Fang.
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周訪，字士達，本汝南安城人也。 漢末避地江南，至訪四世。 呉平，因家廬江尋陽焉。 祖纂，呉威遠將軍。 父敏，左中郎將。 訪少沈毅，謙而能讓，果於斷割，周窮振乏，家無餘財。 爲縣功曹，時陶侃爲散吏，訪薦爲主簿，相與結友，以女妻侃子瞻。 訪察孝廉，除郎中、上甲令，皆不之官。 鄕人盜訪牛於塚間殺之，訪得之，密埋其肉，不使人知。
Zhou Fang, courtesy Shida, traced ancestry to Ancheng in Runan. His forebears fled south in Han's collapse—four generations to Zhou Fang. After Wu fell the family settled at Xunyang in Lujiang. His grandfather Zhou Zuan was Wu's distant awe general. His father Zhou Min served as left gentleman cadet. Serious, modest, decisive, and generous despite poverty. As clerk he promoted Tao Kan and married his daughter to Tao Zhan. He passed Worthy exams but skipped assigned posts. When neighbors slaughtered his ox he hid the meat without revenge.
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及元帝渡江，命參鎮東軍事。 時有與訪同姓名者，罪當死，吏誤收訪，訪奮擊收者，數十人皆散走，而自歸於帝，帝不之罪。 尋以爲揚烈將軍，領兵一千二百，屯尋陽鄂陵，與甘卓、趙誘討華軼。 所統厲武將軍丁乾與軼所統武昌太守馮逸交通，訪收斬之。 逸來攻訪，訪率眾擊破之。 逸遁保柴桑，訪乘勝進討。 軼遣其党王約、傅劄等萬餘人助逸，大戰於湓口，約等又敗。 訪與甘卓等會-{於}-彭澤，與軼水軍將硃矩等戰，又敗之。 軼將周廣燒城以應訪，軼眾潰，訪執軼，斬之，遂平江州。
Sima Rui made him adviser when crossing the Yangzi. Officials seized the wrong Zhou Fang; he fought free then surrendered and was forgiven. He led twelve hundred men at Eling against Hua Yi with Gan Zhuo and Zhao You. He executed Ding Qian for colluding with Hua Yi's officer Feng Yi. He routed Feng Yi's attack. He pressed Feng Yi to Chaisang. He smashed Wang Yue and Fu Zha's relief column at Pennkou. With Gan Zhuo he defeated Zhu Ju on Pengze waters. Zhou Guang opened the city; Zhou Fang captured Hua Yi and secured Jiangzhou.
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帝以訪爲振武將軍、尋陽太守，加鼓吹、曲蓋。 復命訪與諸軍共-{征}-杜弢。 弢作桔槔打官軍船艦，訪作長岐棖以距之，桔槔不得爲害。 而賊從青草湖密抄官軍，又遣其將張彥陷豫章，焚燒城邑。 王敦時鎮湓口，遣督護繆蕤、李恆受訪節度，共擊彥。 蕤-{於}-豫章、石頭，與彥交戰，彥軍退走，訪率悵下將李午等追彥，破之，臨陣斬彥。 時訪爲流矢所中，折前兩齒，形色不變。 及暮，訪與賊隔水，賊眾數倍，自知力不能敵，乃密遣人如樵采者而出，於是結陣鳴鼓而來，大呼曰：「左軍至！」 士卒皆稱萬歳。 至夜，令軍中多布火而食，賊謂官軍益至，未曉而退。 訪謂諸將曰：「賊必引退，然終知我無救軍，當還掩人，宜促渡水北。」 既渡，斷橋訖，而賊果至，隔水不得進，於是遂歸湘州。 訪復以舟師造湘城，軍達富口，而弢遣杜弘出海昏。 時湓口騷動，訪歩上柴桑，偷渡，與賊戰，斬首數百。 賊退保廬陵，訪追擊敗之，賊嬰城處自守。 尋而軍糧爲賊所掠，退住巴丘。 糧廩既至，復圍弘於廬陵。 弘大擲寶物於城外，軍人競拾之，弘因陣亂突圍而出。 訪率軍追之，獲鞍馬鎧杖不可勝數。 弘入南康，太守將率兵逆擊，又破之，奔-{於}-臨賀。 帝又進訪龍驤將軍。 王敦表爲豫章太守。 加-{征}-討都督，賜爵尋陽縣侯。
Sima Rui named him General Who Quells Might and Xunyang prefect with honors. He joined the coalition against Du Tao. Du Tao used sweep cranes; Zhou Fang countered with long forks. Du Tao raided from Qingcao Lake and seized Yuzhang through Zhang Yan. Wang Dun sent Mou Rui and Li Heng under Zhou Fang against Zhang Yan. They routed Zhang Yan and Zhou Fang slew him in combat. A stray shaft broke his teeth yet he showed no fear. Outnumbered at dusk he feigned reinforcements with drums and decoys. His men cheered. Night fires convinced Du Tao's army larger forces stood idle. He predicted Du Tao would double back and urged crossing north. They burned bridges and escaped Du Tao's pursuit. He sailed toward Xiang while Du Hong sortied from Haihun. He marched to Chaisang, crossed secretly, and routed raiders. He drove Du Tao's men into Luling. Supply raids forced retreat to Baqiu. Resupplied, he besieged Du Hong at Luling. Du Hong scattered loot to break the siege. Zhou Fang chased him and seized endless arms. Du Hong fled through Nankang to Linhe. The court promoted him General of Agile Cavalry. Wang Dun named him Yuzhang prefect. He gained pacification command and the Xunyang barony.
36
時梁州刺史張光卒，湣帝以侍中第五猗爲-{征}-南大將軍，監荊、梁、益、寧四州，出自武關。 賊率杜曾、摯瞻、胡混等並迎猗，奉之，聚兵數萬，破陶侃於石城，攻平南將軍荀崧-{於}-宛，不克，引兵向江陵。 王敦以從弟暠爲荊州刺史，令督護-{征}-虜將軍趙誘、襄陽太守硃軌、陵江將軍黃峻等討曾，而大敗於女觀湖，誘、軌並遇害。 曾遂逐暠，徑造沔口，大爲寇害，威震江、沔。 元帝命訪擊之。 訪有眾八千，進至沌陽。 曾等銳氣甚盛，訪曰：「先人有奪人之心，軍之善謀也。」 使將軍李恆督左甄，許朝督右甄，訪自領中軍，高張旗幟。 曾果畏訪，先攻左右甄。 曾勇冠三軍，訪甚惡之，自於陣-{後}-射雉以安眾心。 令其眾曰：「一甄敗，鳴三鼓； 兩甄敗，鳴六鼓。」 趙胤領其父余兵屬左甄，力戰，敗而復合。 胤馳馬告訪，訪怒，叱令更進。 胤號哭還戰，自旦至申，兩甄皆敗。 訪聞鼓音，選精銳八百人，自行酒飲之，敕不得妄動，聞鼓音乃進。 賊未至三十歩，訪親鳴鼓，將士皆騰躍奔赴，曾遂大潰，殺千餘人。 訪夜追之，諸將請待明日，訪曰：「曾驍勇能戰，向之敗也，彼勞我逸，是以克之。 宜及其衰乘之，可滅。」 鼓行而進，遂定漢、沔。 曾等走固武當。 訪以功遷南中郎將、督梁州諸軍、梁州刺史，屯襄陽。 訪謂其僚佐曰：「昔城濮之役，晉文以得臣不死而有憂色，今不斬曾，禍難未已。」 於是出其不意，又擊破之，曾遁走。 訪部將蘇溫收曾詣軍，並獲第五猗、胡混、摯瞻等，送-{於}-王敦。 又白敦，説猗逼-{於}-曾，不宜殺。 敦不從而斬之。 進位安南將軍、持節，都督、刺史如故。
After Zhang Guang died Emperor Min sent Fifth Yi south through Wu Pass. Du Zeng and allies enthroned Fifth Yi, beat Tao Kan at Stone City, and marched on Jiangling. Wang Dun's cousins lost to Du Zeng at Nvguan Lake; Zhao You and Zhu Gui died. Du Zeng seized Hankou and terrorized the Han river. Sima Rui tasked Zhou Fang with Du Zeng. He advanced on Dunyang with eight thousand men. He cited striking first to dominate Du Zeng's morale. He arrayed Li Heng and Xu Chao on the wings under towering banners. Du Zeng feared Zhou Fang and struck the wings first. To steady troops Zhou Fang shot pheasants behind the lines while Du Zeng raged. He signaled three beats if one wing failed. Six beats meant both wings broke. Zhao Yin reinforced the left wing until it broke and re-formed. Zhao Yin reported; Zhou Fang roared for another attack. Both wings collapsed from dawn to afternoon amid Zhao Yin's charges. Zhou Fang held eight hundred elites until drums ordered the charge. At thirty paces he sounded the drum and shattered Du Zeng's line. He insisted on night pursuit while Du Zeng's men were tired. "Strike while they waver," he said. He marched on drums and secured the Han basin. Du Zeng bottled up in Wudang. Victory made him Liangzhou inspector stationed at Xiangyang. He compared Du Zeng to Cheng Dechen—danger until fully crushed. He surprised Du Zeng again and drove him fleeing. Su Wen captured Du Zeng and allies for Wang Dun. Zhou Fang urged sparing Fifth Yi as Du Zeng's hostage. Wang Dun executed Fifth Yi anyway. He rose to General Who Pacifies the South with unchanged command.
37
初，王敦懼杜曾之難，謂訪曰：「擒曾，當相論爲荊州刺史。」 及是而敦不用。 至王廙去職，詔以訪爲荊州。 敦以訪名將，勳業隆重，有疑色。 其從事中郎郭舒説敦曰：「鄙州雖遇寇難荒弊，實爲用武之國，若以假人，將有尾大之患，公宜自領，訪爲梁州足矣。」 敦從之，訪大怒。 敦手書譬釋，並遺玉環玉碗以申厚意。 訪投碗於地曰：「吾豈賈豎，可以寶悅乎！」 陰欲圖之。 即在襄陽，務農訓卒，勤於採納，守宰有缺輒補，然-{後}-言上。 敦患之，而憚其強，不敢有異。 訪威風既著，遠近悅服，智勇過人，爲中興名將。 性謙虛，未嘗論功伐。 或問訪曰：「人有小善，鮮不自稱。 卿功勳如此，初無一言何也？」 訪曰：「朝廷威靈，將士用命，訪何功之有！」 士以此重之。 訪練兵簡卒，欲宣力中原，與李矩、郭默相結，慨然有平河、洛之志。 善於撫納，士眾皆爲致死。 聞敦有不臣之心，訪恆切齒。 敦雖懷逆謀，故終訪之世未敢爲非。
Wang Dun once promised Zhou Fang Jingzhou for capturing Du Zeng. He reneged after the victory. When Wang Yi left, edict gave Zhou Fang Jingzhou. Wang Dun feared Zhou Fang's fame. Guo Shu urged Wang Dun to keep Jingzhou himself and assign Zhou Fang Liangzhou. Wang Dun agreed; Zhou Fang raged. Wang Dun wrote apologies and sent jade gifts. Zhou Fang smashed the bowl—he was no merchant to be bought. He quietly plotted Wang Dun's ruin. At Xiangyang he drilled troops, filled offices, and reported late. Wang Dun feared him too much to interfere. His prestige made him the age's leading general. He never boasted of victories. Asked why he stayed silent despite feats. Why no word of his deeds? He credited the throne and his soldiers. Scholars revered his humility. He trained forces and allied Li Ju and Guo Mo to reclaim the north. Men would die for his kindness. He ground his teeth at Wang Dun's treason. Wang Dun dared not rebel openly while Zhou Fang lived.
38
初，訪少時遇善相者廬江陳訓，謂訪與陶侃曰：「二君皆位至方嶽，功名略同，但陶得上壽，周當下壽，優劣更由年耳。」 訪小侃一歳，卒，時年六十一。 帝哭之甚慟，詔贈-{征}-西將軍，諡曰壯，立碑於本郡。 二子：撫、光。
Chen Xun predicted Zhou Fang would die younger than Tao Kan. He died at sixty-one, one year younger than Tao Kan. The emperor mourned him and raised a hometown stele as General Who Conquers the West Zhuang. His sons were Zhou Fu and Zhou Guang.
39
=撫=
Section introducing Zhou Fu.
40
撫字道和。 強毅有父風，而將禦不及。 元帝辟爲丞相掾，父喪去官。 服闋，襲爵，除鷹揚將軍、武昌太守。 王敦命爲從事中郎，與鄧嶽俱爲敦爪牙。 甘卓遇害。 敦以撫爲沔北諸軍事、南中郎將，鎮沔中。 及敦作逆，撫領二千人從之。 敦敗，撫與嶽俱亡走。 撫弟光將資遺其兄，而陰欲取嶽。 撫怒曰：「我與伯山同亡，何不先斬我！」 會嶽至，撫出門遙謂之曰：「何不速去！ 今骨肉尚欲相危，況他人乎！」 嶽回船而走，撫遂共入西陽蠻中，蠻酋向蠶納之。 初，岳爲西陽，欲伐諸蠻，及是諸蠻皆怨，將殺之。 蠶不聽，曰：「鄧府君窮來歸我，我何忍殺之！」 由是俱得免。 明年，詔原敦党，嶽、撫詣闕請罪，有詔禁錮之。
Zhou Fu, courtesy Daohe. He matched his father's toughness but not his generalship. He served Sima Rui until mourning Zhou Fang. After mourning he inherited titles as Wu Chang prefect. Wang Dun enlisted him and Deng Yue as enforcers. After Gan Zhuo's murder. Wang Dun posted Zhou Fu on the Han River. Zhou Fu followed Wang Dun's coup with two thousand men. They fled when Wang Dun fell. Zhou Guang brought supplies but plotted Deng Yue's head. Zhou Fu refused to betray Deng Yue. He warned Deng Yue to flee. Even kin turned killers—how much less allies. Deng Yue sailed away while Zhou Fu fled to Xiyang tribes under chief Xiang Can. Tribes wanted revenge for Deng Yue's earlier raids. Xiang Can sheltered Deng Yue despite past grievances. Both fugitives survived. Amnesty confined Deng Yue and Zhou Fu.
41
咸和初，司徒王導以撫爲從事中郎，出爲甯遠將軍、江夏相。 蘇峻作逆，率所領從溫嶠討之。 峻平，遷監沔北軍事、南中郎將，鎮襄陽。 石勒將郭敬率騎攻撫，撫不能守，率所領奔-{於}-武昌，坐免官。 尋遷振威將軍、豫章太守，-{後}-代毌丘奧監巴東諸軍事、益州刺史、假節，將軍如故。 尋進-{征}-虜將軍，加督甯州諸軍事。 永和初，桓溫-{征}-蜀，進撫督梁州之漢中、巴西、梓潼、陰平四郡軍事，鎮彭模。 撫擊破蜀余寇隗文、鄧定等，斬偽尚書僕射王誓、平南將軍王潤，以功遷平西將軍。 隗文、鄧定等復反，立範賢子賁爲帝。 初，賢爲李雄國師，以左道惑百姓，人多事之，賁遂有眾一萬。 撫與龍驤將軍硃燾擊破斬之，以功進爵建城縣公。 -{征}-西督護蕭敬文作亂，殺-{征}-虜將軍楊謹，據涪城，自號益州牧。 恆溫使督護鄧遐助撫討之，不能拔，引退。 溫又令梁州刺史司馬勳等會撫伐之。 敬文固守，自二月至於八月，乃出降，撫斬之，傳首京師。 升平中，進鎮西將軍。 在州三十餘年，卒，贈-{征}-西將軍，諡曰襄。 子楚嗣。
Wang Dao later made him aide and Jiangxia chancellor. He joined Wen Qiao against Su Jun. After Su Jun he returned to Xiangyang command. Guo Jing drove him from Xiangyang to Wu Chang; he was cashiered. He rose again to Yi Province inspector with varied postings. He added Ningzhou supervision. Huan Wen's Shu campaign put Zhou Fu at Pengmo over four Liang commands. He crushed Shu holdouts and rose General Who Pacifies the West. Wei Wen and Deng Ding enthroned Fan Fen. Fan Xian's cult gave Fan Fen ten thousand followers. With Zhu Tao he destroyed them and gained a county duchy. Xiao Jingwen seized Fucheng claiming Yi Province. Deng Xia failed against Xiao Jingwen. Huan Wen sent Sima Xun to join Zhou Fang. After a long siege Xiao Jingwen surrendered and died. He became General Who Guards the West under Shengping. After thirty years in the southwest he died honored General Who Conquers the West Xiang. His son Zhou Chu inherited.
42
楚
Zhou Chu, Zhou Fu's son.
43
楚字元孫。 起家參-{征}-西軍事，從父入蜀，拜鷹揚將軍、犍爲太守。 父卒，以楚監梁、益二州、假節，襲爵建城公。 世在梁、益，甚得物情。 時梁州刺史司馬勳作逆，楚與硃序討平之，進冠軍將軍。 太和中，蜀盜李金銀、廣漢妖賊李弘並聚眾爲寇，偽稱李勢子，當以聖道王，年號鳳皇。 又隴西人李高詐稱李雄子，破涪城。 梁州刺史楊亮失守，楚遣其子詩平之。 是歳，楚卒，諡曰定。 子瓊嗣。
His courtesy name was Yuansun. He entered Shu with Zhou Fu as hawk general and Qianwei prefect. He inherited the duchy and supervised Liang and Yi. His house ruled Liangzhou for generations with popular support. With Zhu Xu he crushed Sima Xun's revolt. Li Hong's cult claimed a phantom Li heir. Li Gao seized Fucheng posing as Li Xiong's heir. Zhou Chu sent Zhou Shi to aid Yang Liang. Zhou Chu died that year with epithet Ding. Zhou Qiong inherited.
44
瓊勁烈有將略，歷數郡，代楊亮爲梁州刺史、建武將軍，領西戎校尉。 初，氏人竇沖求降，朝廷以爲東羌校尉。 -{後}-沖反，欲入漢中，安定人皇甫釗、京兆人周勳等謀納沖，瓊密知之，收釗、勳等斬之。 尋卒。 子虓嗣。
Zhou Qiong governed Liangzhou as inspector and Qiang colonel. Dou Chong had been Eastern Qiang colonel after surrender. When Dou Chong rebelled Zhou Qiong executed collaborators Huangfu Zhao and Zhou Xun. He died soon after. Zhou Xiao inherited.
46
虓
Zhou Xiao.
48
虓字孟威。 少有節操。 州召爲祭酒，-{後}-歷位至西夷校尉，領梓潼太守。 甯康初，苻堅將揚安寇梓潼，虓固守涪城，遣歩騎數千，送母妻從漢水將抵江陵，爲堅將硃肜邀而獲之，虓遂降-{於}-安。 堅欲以爲尚書郎，虓曰：「蒙國厚恩，以至今日。 但老母見獲，失節於此。 母子獲全，秦之惠也。 雖公侯之貴，不以爲榮，況郎任乎！」 堅乃止。 自是毎入見堅，輒箕鋸而坐，呼之爲氐賊。 堅不悅。 屬元會，威儀甚整，堅因謂虓曰：「晉家元會何如此？」 虓攘袂厲聲曰：「戎狄集聚，譬猶犬羊相群，何敢比天子！」 及呂光-{征}-西域，堅出餞之，戎士二十萬，旌旗數百里，又問虓曰：「朕眾力何如？」 虓曰：「戎狄已來，未之有也。」 堅黨以虓不遜，屢請除之。 堅待之彌厚。 虓乃密書與桓沖，説賊奸計。 ，虓潛至漢中，堅追得之。 -{後}-又與堅兄子苞謀襲堅，事泄，堅引虓問其狀，虓曰：「昔漸離、豫讓，燕、智之微臣，猶漆身吞炭，不忘忠節。 況虓世荷晉恩，豈敢忘也。 生爲晉臣，死爲晉鬼，復何問乎！」 堅曰：「今殺之，適成其名矣。」 遂撻之，徙於太原。 -{後}-堅復陷順陽、魏興，獲二守，皆執節不撓，堅歎曰：「周孟威不屈-{於}-前，丁彥遠潔己-{於}--{後}-，吉祖沖不食而死，皆忠臣也。」
Zhou Xiao, courtesy Mengwei. Disciplined from youth. He rose from libationer to western frontier colonel and Zitong prefect. When Former Qin seized his family on the Han River Zhou Xiao surrendered at Fucheng. Fu Jian offered him office; Zhou Xiao cited Jin's past favors. His mother prisoner, he considered himself compromised. Qin had spared them both. He scorned Qin rank while his mother lived. Fu Jian desisted. He openly insulted Fu Jian as a Di barbarian. Fu Jian resented the slurs. At New Year audience Fu Jian boasted of Qin pomp. Zhou Xiao retorted that Di tribes were no match for the Jin court. Fu Jian showed off his western expedition host to Zhou Xiao. Zhou Xiao admitted their vast numbers. Fu Jian's courtiers demanded Zhou Xiao's death. Fu Jian nonetheless favored him. He smuggled intelligence to Jin's Huan Chong. He fled toward Hanzhong until Fu Jian caught him. He plotted with Fu Bao and cited Yurang's loyalty. He proclaimed undying Jin loyalty. He chose death as Jin's ghost. Fu Jian called execution pointless martyrdom. He was beaten and exiled to Taiyuan. Fu Jian ranked Zhou Xiao with Jin martyrs Ding and Ji.
49
虓竟以病卒於太原。 其子興迎致其喪，冠軍將軍謝玄親臨哭之，因上疏曰：「臣聞旌善表功，崇義明節，所以振揚聲教，垂美來葉。 故西夷校尉、梓潼太守周虓，執心忠烈，厲節寇庭，遂嬰禍荒裔，痛窴泉壤。 臣毎悲其志，以爲蘇武之賢，不復過也。 前宣告并州，訪求虓喪，並索其家。 負荷數千，始得來至。 即以資送，還其舊隴。 伏願聖朝追其志心，表其殊節，使負霜之志不墜於地，則榮慰存亡，惠被幽顯矣。」 孝武帝詔曰：「虓厲志貞亮，無愧古烈。 未及拔身，奄隕厥命。 甄表義節，國之典也。 贈龍驤將軍、益州刺史，賻錢二十萬，布百匹。」 又贍賜其家。
He died of illness in Taiyuan. Xie Xuan mourned Zhou Xiao and memorialized honors. He praised Zhou Xiao's captivity among Former Qin. He likened Zhou Xiao to Su Wu. He searched Bingzhou for Zhou Xiao's remains. They bore the coffin thousands of li home. Court funds returned him to native hills. He sought posthumous honors so virtue would not fade. Emperor Xiaowu praised Zhou Xiao. He died before escaping north. Honoring loyalty was proper state ritual. The court funded burial as general and Yi inspector. His family received stipends.
50
=光=
Zhou Guang.
51
光少有父風，年十一，見王敦，敦謂曰：「貴郡未有將，誰可用者？」 光曰：「明公不恥下問，竊謂無復見勝。」 敦笑以爲甯遠將軍、尋陽太守。 及敦舉兵，光率千餘人赴之。 既至，敦已死，光未之知，求見敦。 王應秘不言，以疾告。 光退曰：「今我遠來而不得見王公，公其死乎？」 遽見其兄撫曰：「王公已死，兄何爲與錢鳳作賊？」 眾並愕然。 其夕，眾散，錢鳳走出，至闔廬洲，光捕鳳，詣闕贖罪，故得不廢。 蘇峻作逆，隨溫嶠力戰有功。 峻平，賜爵曲江男，卒官。
At eleven Zhou Guang impressed Wang Dun asking for generals. He nominated himself boldly. Wang Dun laughed and named him Xunyang prefect. He brought a thousand men to Wang Dun's coup. He arrived after Wang Dun died. Wang Mi hid Wang Dun's death. Zhou Guang guessed Wang Dun dead. He confronted Zhou Fu and Qian Feng. The army stood stunned. He captured Qian Feng and redeemed himself. He fought Su Jun beside Wen Qiao. He earned the Qujiang barony and died in harness.
52
仲孫
Zhou Zhongsun.
53
子仲孫，興甯初督寧州軍事、振武將軍、甯州刺史。 在州貪暴，人不堪命。 桓溫以梁、益多寇，周氏世有威稱，復除仲孫監益、豫、梁州之三郡。 甯康初，楊安寇蜀，仲孫失守，免官。 -{後}-徵爲光祿勳，卒。
His son Zhou Zhongsun governed Ningzhou early in Xingning. His greed brutalized Ningzhou. Huan Wen reused Zhongsun against frontier raids. Yang An's raid cost him office. Recalled as household grandee, he died.
54
初，陶侃微時，丁艱，將葬，家中忽失牛而不知所在。 遇一老父，謂曰：「前崗見一牛眠山汙中，其地若葬，位極人臣矣。」 又指一山-{云}-：「此亦其次，當世出二千石。」 言訖不見。 侃尋牛得之，因葬其處，以所指別山與訪。 訪父死，葬焉，果爲刺史，著稱甯、益，自訪以下，三世爲益州四十一年，如其所言-{云}-。
When Tao Kan buried kin his ox vanished. An old man revealed an auspicious grave site. A lesser hill foretold prefect rank. The stranger vanished. Tao Kan buried his father on the great site and gave Zhou Fang the lesser. Zhou Fang's father took the second hill; three Zhou generations ruled Yi forty-one years as foretold.
55
史評
Historians' appraisal.
56
史臣曰：夫仁義豈有常，蹈之即君子，背之即小人。 周子隱以跅弛之材，負不羈之行，比凶蛟猛獸，縱毒鄕閭，終能克己厲精，朝聞夕改，輕生重義，徇國亡軀，可謂志節之士也。 宣佩奮茲忠勇，屢殄妖氛，威略冠於本朝，庸績書於王府。 既而結憾朝宰，潛構異圖，忿不思難，斯爲隘矣。 終於憤恚，豈不惜哉！ 劄、筵等負俊逸之材，以雄豪自許，始見疑於朝廷，終獲戾-{於}-權右，強弗如弱，信有-{征}-矣。 而劄受委扞城，乃開門揖盜，去順效逆，彼實有之。 -{後}-雖假手凶徒，可謂罪人斯得。 朝廷議加榮贈，不其僭乎！ 有晉之刑政陵夷，用此道也。 周訪器兼文武，任在折沖，戡定湘、羅，克清江、漢，謀孫翼子，杖節擁旄，西蜀仰其威風，中興推爲名將，功成名立，不亦美乎！ 孟威陷跡虜廷，抗辭偽主，雖圖史所載，何以加焉！
Goodness depends on conduct, not labels. The historians praise Zhou Chu's reform from bully to martyr. Zhou Qi crushed rebels for Jin. Yet his intrigue against ministers proved petty. His rage wasted him. Zhou Zha and Zhou Yan fell from pride to ruin. Zhou Zha opened Stone City to Wang Dun. Justice came through traitors' blades. The historians question Zhou Zha's rehabilitation. They blame Jin law for inconsistency. They celebrate Zhou Fang as the restoration's premier general. Zhou Xiao's defiance of Fu Jian rivals classical exemplars.
57
贊==
Encomium follows.
58
贊曰：平西果勁，始邪末正。 勇足除殘，忠能致命。 宣佩懋功，三定江東。 劄雖啟敵，筵實懷忠。 尋陽緯武，擁旄持斧。 曰子曰孫，重規疊矩。 孟威抗烈，心存舊主。
The encomium opens with Zhou Chu. His courage served loyalty. Zhou Qi thrice saved the east. Zhou Zha erred but Zhou Yan stayed true. Zhou Fang's Xunyang career. His heirs sustained the house. Zhou Xiao kept faith with Jin.