1
羅憲
Luo Xian.
2
羅憲，字令則，襄陽人也。 父蒙，蜀廣漢太守。 憲年十三，能屬文，早知名。 師事譙周，周門人稱為子貢。 性方亮嚴整，待士無倦，輕財好施，不營產業。 仕蜀為太子舍人、宣信校尉。 再使于吳，吳人稱焉。 時黃皓預政，眾多附之，憲獨介然。 皓恚之，左遷巴東太守。 時大將軍閻宇都督巴東，拜憲領軍，為宇副貳。 魏之伐蜀，召宇西還，憲守永安城。 及成都敗，城中擾動，邊江長吏皆棄城走，憲斬亂者一人，百姓乃安。 知劉禪降，乃率所統臨於都亭三日。 吳聞蜀敗，遣將軍盛憲西上，外托救援，內欲襲憲。 憲曰：「本朝傾覆，吳為脣齒，不恤我難，而邀其利，吾寧當為降虜乎！」 乃歸順。 於是繕甲完聚，厲以節義，士皆用命。 及鐘會、鄧艾死，百城無主，吳又使步協西征，憲大破其軍。 孫休怒，又遣陸抗助協。 憲距守經年，救援不至，城中疾疫太半。 或勸南出牂柯，北奔上庸，可以保全。 憲曰：「夫為人主，百姓所仰，既不能存，急而棄之，君子不為也。 畢命於此矣。」 會荊州刺史胡烈等救之，抗退。 加陵江將軍、監巴東軍事、使持節，領武陵太守。 泰始初入朝，詔曰：「憲忠烈果毅，有才策器幹，可給鼓吹。」 又賜山玄玉佩劍。 卒，贈使持節、安南將軍、武陵太守，追封西鄂侯，諡曰烈。
Luo Xian, whose courtesy name was Lingze, came from Xiangyang. His father, Luo Meng, had served as Administrator of Guanghan in Shu. At thirteen he could already write polished prose and had won an early reputation. He studied under Qiao Zhou, whose students nicknamed him Zigong after Confucius's disciple. He was upright, principled, and disciplined, treated scholars with inexhaustible courtesy, cared little for money and gave freely, and never bothered to amass property. Under Shu he held the posts of Gentleman Attendant of the Heir Apparent and Colonel Who Inspires Faith. Sent twice as envoy to Wu, he earned high praise there. When the eunuch Huang Hao dominated the court and most officials curried favor, Xian alone held himself aloof. Huang Hao resented him and had him relegated to Administrator of Badong. Grand General Yan Yu then commanded the Badong theater; Xian was named army commander and served as his deputy. When Wei invaded Shu, Yan Yu was recalled westward, leaving Xian to hold Yong'an. After Chengdu fell, the garrison panicked and magistrates along the river fled their posts; Xian executed one ringleader of the unrest and restored calm among the people. When he learned that Liu Shan had surrendered, he led his troops to the metropolitan pavilion and mourned there for three days. Hearing of Shu's collapse, Wu dispatched General Sheng Xian upriver under the pretense of rescue while actually planning to seize Xian's position. Xian declared: "Our state has fallen; Wu ought to be our ally. Instead of helping us in our distress, they mean to profit from it—do they think I will simply surrender and become their prisoner?" He therefore submitted to the Jin regime. He then repaired arms and provisioned the defense, rallied his men with appeals to duty and honor, and every soldier obeyed without hesitation. After Zhong Hui and Deng Ai were dead and cities throughout the region lacked reliable rulers, Wu sent Bu Xie west again; Xian routed his force decisively. Sun Xiu flew into a rage and dispatched Lu Kang to reinforce Bu Xie. Xian held out for over a year without reinforcements while plague carried off more than half the garrison. Some advised retreating south into Zangke or north toward Shangyong to save themselves. Xian replied: "The people look to their commander for protection. To abandon them in a crisis because you cannot save them—that is not what a gentleman does. I will see this duty through to the end, here." Then Jing Province Inspector Hu Lie arrived with relief, and Lu Kang pulled back. He was promoted to General Who Crosses the Jiang, given supervisory authority over Badong military affairs with insignia and staff, and concurrently named Administrator of Wuling. Early in the Taishi reign he was summoned to the capital; an imperial rescript praised his loyalty, courage, and decisiveness, noted his strategic gifts and administrative grit, and authorized the honor of a military band. He also received a sword fitted with a dark jade pendant carved in mountain pattern. At his death he was posthumously honored as Bearer of Staff with full powers, General Who Pacifies the South, and Administrator of Wuling, enfeoffed posthumously as Marquis of Xi'e, and given the posthumous epithet Lie, "the Fierce."
3
初，憲侍宴華林園，詔問蜀大臣子弟，後問先輩宜時敘用者，憲薦蜀人常忌、杜軫等，皆西國之良器，武帝並召而任之。
Once, while attending a banquet in the Huilin Garden, Xian was questioned by imperial order about younger relatives of Shu's leading ministers and then about senior worthies who ought to be employed without delay; he nominated Chang Ji, Du Zhen, and others from Shu—all outstanding talents of the former western kingdom—and Emperor Wu summoned each of them to office.
4
子襲，曆給事中、陵江將軍，統其父部曲，至廣漢太守。 兄子尚。
His son Xi rose through the offices of Palace Attendant and General Who Crosses the Jiang, inherited command of his father's household troops, and eventually became Administrator of Guanghan. His nephew Shang.
6
兄子尚
Luo Shang.
7
=尚字敬之，一名仲。 父式，牂柯太守。 尚少孤，依叔父憲。 善屬文。 荊州刺史王戎以尚及劉喬為參軍，並委任之。 太康末，為梁州刺史。 及趙廞反于蜀，尚表曰：「廞非雄才，必無所成，計日聽其敗耳。」 乃假尚節為平西將軍、益州刺史、西戎校尉。 性貪，少斷，蜀人言曰：「尚之所愛，非邪則佞，尚之所憎，非忠則正。 富擬魯、衛，家成市里； 貪如豺狼，無復極已。」 又曰：「蜀賊尚可，羅尚殺我。 平西將軍，反更為禍。」 時李特亦起於蜀，攻蜀，殺趙廞。 又攻尚于成都，尚退保江陽，初，尚乞師方岳，荊州刺史宗岱率建平太守孫阜救之，次於江州，岱、阜兵盛，諸為寇所逼者，人有奮志。 尚乃使兵曹從事任銳偽降，因出密宣告於外，克日俱擊，遂大破之，斬李特，傳首洛陽。 特子雄僭號，都於郫城。 尚遣將軍隗伯攻之，不克。 俄而尚卒，雄遂據有蜀土。
Luo Shang, courtesy name Jingzhi, also known as Zhong. His father, Luo Shi, had been Administrator of Zangke. Orphaned young, he was raised under his uncle Luo Xian. He wrote excellent prose. Wang Rong, Inspector of Jing Province, appointed both Shang and Liu Qiao as military advisers and relied on them fully. Toward the end of the Taikang era he was named Inspector of Liang Province. When Zhao Xin rose in rebellion in Shu, Shang memorialized: "Xin lacks real ability; he is bound to fail—we need only wait for news of his collapse." The court therefore invested him with ceremonial credentials as General Who Pacifies the West, Inspector of Yi Province, and Colonel of the Western Barbarians. Greedy and indecisive, he drew this proverb from the people of Shu: "Those Shang favors are crooks or sycophants; those he hates are the loyal and the upright. Their fortunes rival small kingdoms; their mansions crowd the streets. They are ravenous as wolves, with greed that knows no bound." Another rhyme ran: "We could endure the Shu rebels—Luo Shang is what kills us. The 'General Who Pacifies the West' brings worse disaster still." Meanwhile Li Te had risen in Shu, marched against Zhao Xin, and killed him. Li Te then assaulted Shang at Chengdu, forcing him back to Jiangyang. Shang had earlier appealed to the provincial governors for aid: Zong Dai of Jing Province brought Sun Fu, Administrator of Jianping, as reinforcements, and they encamped at Jiangzhou. With Dai and Fu commanding a powerful force, everyone trapped by the rebels found new courage. Shang ordered Ren Rui, a clerk in his military bureau, to feign defection; Ren slipped word of the plan to allies outside, coordinated a timed assault, and routed Li Te's army. Li Te was beheaded and his head sent to Luoyang. Li Te's son Li Xiong then proclaimed himself ruler and established his capital at Pi. Shang dispatched General Wei Bo against him but failed to take the city. Shang died not long afterward, and Li Xiong soon controlled all of Shu.
8
滕修
Teng Xiu.
9
滕修，字顯先，南陽西鄂人也。 仕吳為將帥，封西鄂侯。 孫皓時，代熊睦為廣州刺史，甚有威惠。 徵為執金吾。 廣州部曲督郭馬等為亂，皓以修宿有威惠，為嶺表所伏，以為使持節、都督廣州軍事、鎮南將軍、廣州牧以討之。 未克而王師伐吳，修率眾赴難。 至巴丘而皓已降，乃縞素流涕而還，與廣州刺史閭豐、蒼梧太守王毅各送印綬，詔以修為安南將軍，廣州牧、持節、都督如故，封武當侯，加鼓吹，委以南方事。 修在南積年，為邊夷所附。
Teng Xiu, courtesy name Xianxian, hailed from Xi'e in Nanyang commandery. Under Wu he rose to general's rank and received the marquisate of Xi'e. During Sun Hao's reign he succeeded Xiong Mu as Inspector of Guang Province and ruled there with a formidable yet benevolent hand. He was recalled to the capital as Bearer of the Mace. When Guo Ma and other local commanders mutinied in Guangzhou, Sun Hao turned to Xiu—whose prestige and fair dealing had long won the south's respect—and commissioned him with full credentials as commander of Guang forces, General Who Guards the South, and Governor of Guangzhou to suppress the revolt. Before he could finish the campaign, Jin's imperial army invaded Wu; Xiu marched his troops east to answer the crisis. By the time he reached Baqiu, Sun Hao had already capitulated. Xiu turned back in mourning dress, weeping openly. He joined Guangzhou Inspector Lu Feng and Cangwu Prefect Wang Yi in surrendering their seals to Jin. The court confirmed him as General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Guangzhou with unchanged military authority, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Wudang, awarded him an honorary band, and left southern affairs in his hands. He spent years in the south, where frontier peoples willingly rallied to him.
10
卒，請葬京師，帝嘉其意，賜墓田一頃，諡曰聲。 修之子並上表曰：「亡父修羈絏吳壤，為所驅馳； 幸逢開通，沐浴至化，得從俘虜握戎馬之要； 未覲聖顏，委南籓之重，實由勳勞少聞天聽故也。 年衰疾篤，屢乞骸骨，未蒙垂哀，奄至薨隕。 臣承遺意，輿櫬還都，瞻望雲闕，實懷痛裂。 竊聞博士諡修曰聲，直彰流播，不稱行績，不勝愚情，冒昧聞訴。」 帝乃賜諡曰忠。
At his death he asked to be buried near the capital; the emperor approved the gesture, granted a hectare of burial ground, and gave him the posthumous name Sheng. His sons, led by Bing, petitioned: "Our late father served Wu under constraint, forced to do its bidding; he was fortunate to live to see unification and bathe in your sagely influence, rising even from the ranks of the conquered to hold military command; yet he never once looked upon Your Majesty's face before shouldering the defense of the south—solely because his service went largely unheard at court. Age and illness wore him down; he repeatedly asked permission to retire but received no imperial sympathy, and suddenly he was gone. We honored his last wish and bore his coffin to the capital; gazing toward the palace gates, our grief is unbearable. We understand the court scholars assigned him the posthumous name Sheng, but that label hardly reflects his true achievements; we cannot bear the injustice and presume to appeal." The emperor thereupon changed his posthumous epithet to Zhong, "the Loyal."
11
並子含，初為庾冰輕車長史，討蘇峻有功，封夏陽縣開國侯，邑千六百戶，授平南將軍、廣州刺史。 在任積年，甚有威惠，卒諡曰戴。 含弟子遁，交州刺史。
Bing's son Han first served as chief clerk on Yu Bing's light-chariot staff; he distinguished himself in the campaign against Su Jun and was enfeoffed as founding marquis of Xiayang with sixteen hundred households, then named General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Guang Province. He governed Guangzhou for years with the same blend of authority and generosity, and at his death received the posthumous epithet Dai. Han's nephew Dun later became Inspector of Jiao Province.
12
修曾孫恬之，龍驤將軍、魏郡太守，戍黎陽，為翟遼所執，死之。
Xiu's great-grandson Tianzhi served as General of Agile Cavalry and Wei Commandery prefect; holding Liyang, he was captured by Zhai Liao and killed.
13
馬隆
Ma Long.
14
馬隆，字孝興，東平平陸人。 少而智勇，好立名節。 魏兗州刺史令狐愚坐事伏誅，舉州無敢收者。 隆以武吏托稱愚客，以私財殯葬，服喪三年，列植松柏，禮畢乃還，一州以為美談。 署武猛從事。 泰始中，將興伐吳之役，下詔曰：「吳會未平，宜得猛士以濟武功。 雖舊有薦舉之法，未足以盡殊才。 其普告州郡，有壯勇秀異才力傑出者，皆以名聞，將簡其尤異，擢而用之。 苟有其人，勿限所取。」 兗州舉隆才堪良將。 稍遷司馬督。
Ma Long, courtesy name Xiaoxing, came from Pinglu in Dongping kingdom. Even as a youth he showed courage and good sense and cared deeply for honor. When Linghu Yu, Inspector of Yan Province, was executed for conspiracy, no one in the province dared claim his body. Long, a minor military clerk, presented himself as Yu's retainer, paid for the funeral out of his own pocket, and mourned three years, planting pines and cypresses on the grave before returning to duty. The story became legend throughout the province. He was named adjutant for military affairs. During the Taishi era, as the court prepared to conquer Wu, an edict declared: "The southeast still resists; we need bold fighters to finish the work. The usual recommendation system alone cannot surface every exceptional man. Let every province and commandery be notified: anyone of unusual courage or strength is to be nominated by name so the throne can pick the best and elevate them. Where such men exist, no origin should disqualify them." Yan Province nominated Ma Long as qualified to serve as a general. He was gradually promoted to oversee the marshal's office.
15
初，涼州刺史楊欣失羌戎之和，隆陳其必敗。 俄而欣為虜所沒，河西斷絕，帝每有西顧之憂，臨朝而歎曰：「誰能為我討此虜通涼州者乎？」 朝臣莫對。 隆進曰：「陛下若能任臣，臣能平之。」 帝曰：「必能滅賊，何為不任，顧卿方略何如耳。 隆曰：「陛下若能任臣，當聽臣自任。」 帝曰：「云何？ 隆曰：「臣請募勇士三千人，無問所從來，率之鼓行而西，稟陛下威德，醜虜何足滅哉！」 帝許之，乃以隆為武威太守。 公卿僉曰：「六軍既眾，州郡兵多，但當用之，不宜橫設賞募以亂常典。 隆小將妄說，不可從也。」 帝弗納。 隆募限腰引弩三十六鈞、弓四鈞，立標簡試。 自旦至中，得三千五百人，隆曰：「足矣。」 因請自至武庫選杖。 武庫令與隆忿爭，御史中丞奏劾隆，隆曰：「臣當亡命戰場，以報所受，武庫令乃以魏時朽杖見給，不可復用，非陛下使臣滅賊意也。」 帝從之，又給其三年軍資。 隆於是西渡溫水。 虜樹機能等以眾萬計，或乘險以遏隆前，或設伏以截隆後。 隆依八陣圖作偏箱車，地廣則鹿角車營，路狹則為木屋施于車上，且戰且前，弓矢所及，應弦而倒。 奇謀間發，出敵不意。 或夾道累磁石，賊負鐵鎧，行不得前，隆卒悉被犀甲，無所留礙，賊咸以為神。 轉戰千里，殺傷以千數。 自隆之西，音問斷絕，朝廷憂之，或謂已沒。 後隆使夜到，帝撫掌歡笑。 詰朝，召群臣謂曰：「若從諸卿言，是無秦、涼也。」 乃詔曰：「隆以偏師寡眾，奮不顧難，冒險能濟。 其假節、宣威將軍，加赤幢、曲蓋、鼓吹。」 隆到武威，虜大人猝跋韓、且萬能等率萬餘落歸降，前後誅殺及降附者以萬計。 又率善戎沒骨能等與樹機能大戰，斬之，涼州遂平。 朝議將加隆將士勳賞，有司奏隆將士皆先加顯爵，不應更授，衛將軍楊珧駁曰：「前精募將士，少加爵命者，此適所以為誘引。 今隆全軍獨克，西土獲安，不得便以前授塞此後功，宜皆聽許，以明要信。」 乃從珧議，賜爵加秩各有差。
Long had warned that Yang Xin, Inspector of Liang Province, was alienating the Qiang and other tribes—a policy bound to end in disaster. Xin was soon overrun by tribesmen, and communications with Hexi collapsed. The emperor faced the court with a worried gaze westward and asked, "Who will clear these bandits away and reopen the road to Liangzhou for me?" The assembly had no answer. Ma Long stepped forward: "Employ me, Your Majesty, and I will pacify them." The emperor replied: "If you can destroy them, why would I refuse? I only want to hear your plan. Long said: "If you trust me, you must let me choose my own men and methods." In what way?" asked the emperor. "Let me raise three thousand volunteers," Long answered, "origin irrelevant; I will march them west with drums beating. Under your majesty's prestige, those wretches will be swept aside." The emperor agreed and named him Administrator of Wuwei. Ministers protested: "We already have massive imperial armies and provincial forces—use those; ad hoc bounties and private levies only undermine regulations. Ma Long is a junior officer talking nonsense—ignore him." The emperor brushed their objections aside. Long recruited men who could draw a thirty-six-jun crossbow with the waist and a four-jun bow, posting standards and testing applicants. From dawn until noon he signed up thirty-five hundred recruits. "That will do," said Long. He asked permission to pick his own issue from the imperial armory. The armory chief quarreled with Long and denounced him to the censorate. Long replied: "I expect to stake my life on the frontier in return for your trust; instead I am handed rotten poles left over from Wei—unfit for combat—hardly what Your Majesty meant by ordering me to crush the enemy." The emperor approved and issued three years' worth of military supplies. Long then led his men west across the Wen River. Shujineng's tribesmen, perhaps ten thousand strong, sometimes held the defiles to bar Long's advance, sometimes ambushed his rear. Following the Eight Arrays formation, he deployed winged baggage carts; on open ground he ringed his camp with antler barriers, in narrow passes he mounted wooden fighting towers on the wagons, fighting his way forward so that every arrow found its mark. He struck again with unexpected tactics that caught the enemy off guard. At one point he laid magnets along the trail: the enemy wore iron mail and stalled helplessly, while his own men wore rhinoceros-hide lamellar and advanced freely—the tribesmen decided he commanded spirits. He campaigned a thousand li, inflicting thousands of casualties. Once Long marched west, contact ceased; the court feared the worst and rumors spread that he was dead. When Long's courier reached the capital by night, the emperor clapped his hands and laughed aloud. At dawn he told his ministers: "Had I listened to you, Qinzhou and Liangzhou would be lost." A rescript followed: "Ma Long, outnumbered and leading only a side force, risked everything and broke through. He was granted credential insignia as General Who Spreads Might, with crimson command canopy, curved parasol, and an honorary band." At Wuwei, tribal chiefs such as Cupohan and Qieneng brought over ten thousand camps to surrender; his cumulative kills and admissions ran into the tens of thousands. He then joined loyal auxiliaries led by Mobegineng to crush Shujineng in a decisive battle; with Shujineng dead, Liangzhou was finally quiet. The ministry argued Long's men already held high titles and deserved no second grant. Yang Yao of the guards rejoined: "Those earlier promotions were only bait for recruits. "Now Long's army alone finished the campaign and secured the west; prior commissions must not cancel today's rewards—grant every petition to show the throne keeps its word." The emperor accepted Yang Yao's advice and distributed noble ranks and stipends accordingly.
16
太康初，朝廷以西平荒毀，宜時興復，以隆為平虜護軍、西平太守，將所領精兵，又給牙門一軍，屯據西平。 時南虜成奚每為邊患，隆至，帥軍討之。 虜據險距守，隆令軍士皆負農器，將若田者。 虜以隆無征討意，禦眾稍怠。 隆因其無備，進兵擊破之。 畢隆之政，不敢為寇。 太熙初，封奉高縣侯，加授東羌校尉。 積十餘年，威信震於隴右。 時略陽太守馮翊嚴舒與楊駿通親，蜜圖代隆，毀隆年老謬耄，不宜服戎，於是征隆，以舒代鎮。 氏、羌聚結，百姓驚懼。 朝廷恐關隴復擾，乃免舒，遣隆復職，竟卒於官。
Early in Taikang the court decided ruined Xiping must be rebuilt and named Long Protector Who Pacifies the Caitiffs and prefect there, reinforced with picked troops plus a full Ya Gate brigade to hold the city. When the southern tribesman Cheng Xi kept raiding the frontier, Long marched out and attacked him. The enemy held the heights; Long had every soldier shoulder hoes and spades like farmers heading for the fields. Assuming he planned no offensive, they relaxed their guard. Long seized their complacency and smashed their position. For the rest of Long's tenure they never raided again. At the start of Taixi he received the marquisate of Fenggao and the colonelcy over the Eastern Qiang. After a decade his prestige dominated the Longyou region. Yan Shu of Lüeyang, connected by marriage to Yang Jun, intrigued to supplant Long, claiming he was senile and unfit for command; the court recalled Long and installed Shu. Di and Qiang tribes rose together and the populace panicked. Fearing renewed turmoil in Guanzhong and Longyou, the court removed Shu and restored Long, who died in harness.
17
子咸嗣，亦驍勇。 成都王穎攻長沙王乂，以咸為鷹揚將軍，率兵屯河橋中渚，為乂將王瑚所敗，沒於陣。
His heir Xian inherited his fierceness in battle. When Prince Chengdu Sima Ying struck Prince Changsha Sima Yi, Xian served as General Who Displays Hawkery on the mid-channel fort at the Yellow River bridge until Yi's general Wang Hu broke him and he fell in the fighting.
18
胡奮
Hu Fen.
19
胡奮，字玄威，安定臨涇人也，魏車騎將軍陰密侯遵之子也。 奮性開朗，有籌略，少好武事。 宣帝之伐遼東也，以白衣侍從左右，甚見接待。 還為校尉，稍遷徐州刺史，封夏陽子。 匈奴中部帥劉猛叛，使驍騎路蕃討之，以奮為監軍、假節，頓軍硜北，為蕃後繼。 擊猛，破之，猛帳下將李恪斬猛而降。 以功累遷征南將軍、假節、都督荊州諸軍事，遷護軍，加散騎常侍。 奮家世將門，晚乃好學，有刀筆之用，所在有聲績，居邊特有威惠。
Hu Fen, courtesy Xuanwei, came from Linjing in Anding—son of Wei General of Chariots and Cavalry and Marquis of Yinmi, Hu Zun. He was frank and astute, fond of soldiering even as a young man. During Sima Yi's Liaodong expedition he followed as a civilian attendant and won marked favor. Back at court he rose from colonel to Inspector of Xu Province and Baron of Xiayang. When Xiongnu chief Liu Meng rebelled, swift-cavalry commander Lu Fan was sent against him with Fen as supervising commissioner and rear guard north of Jing. He shattered Meng's force, and Meng's own officer Li Ke slew him and capitulated. Merit carried him to General Who Conquers the South with acting credentials and command over Jingzhou forces, then guards commander and imperial attendant. Though born to a warrior house, he took up scholarship late and proved adept at paperwork; every posting showed results, and on the frontier he combined sternness with generosity.
20
泰始末，武帝怠政事而耽於色，大采擇公卿女以充六宮，奮女選入為貴人。 奮唯有一子，為南陽王友，早亡。 及聞女為貴人，哭曰：「老奴不死，唯有二兒，男入九地之下，女上九天之上。」 奮既舊臣，兼有椒房之助，甚見寵待。 遷左僕射，加鎮軍大將軍、開府儀同三司。 時楊駿以後父驕傲自得，奮謂駿曰：「卿恃女更益豪邪？ 曆觀前代，與天家婚，未有不滅門者，但早晚事耳。 觀卿舉措，適所以速禍。」 駿曰：「卿女不在天家乎？」 奮曰：「我女與卿女作婢耳，何能損益！」 時人皆為之懼，駿雖銜之，而不能害。 後卒于官，贈車騎將軍，諡曰壯。 奮兄弟六人，兄廣，弟烈，並知名。
Late in Taishi, Emperor Wu neglected statecraft for pleasure and swept noble daughters into the harem; Fen's girl became an Honored Lady. Fen had but one son, the prince's companion at Nanyang, who died young. Learning his daughter had entered the palace he wept: "I should have died sooner—I had only two children: my son lies deep underground while my daughter rises to the clouds." As an elder statesman with an imperial connection through his daughter, he basked in favor. He rose to Left Vice Director, General Who Stabilizes the Army, and minister with ceremonies matching the Three Excellencies. When Yang Jun swaggered as the empress dowager's father, Fen asked whether his daughter's rank made him bolder still. Study history: matches with the imperial clan always end in clan-wide ruin—only the timing varies. Judging your conduct, you are inviting catastrophe faster every day." Jun shot back: "Your own daughter lives in the palace too." Fen answered: "My girl is little better than your daughter's maid—she hardly shifts the balance." Listeners trembled for Fen; Jun hated him but could not strike. He died in office and was posthumously named General of Chariots and Cavalry with the epithet Zhuang, "the Stalwart." Among six brothers, Guang and Lie were especially celebrated.
21
廣字宣祖，位至散騎常侍、少府。 廣子喜，字林甫，亦以開濟為稱，仕至涼州刺史、建武將軍、假節、護羌校尉。
Guang, courtesy Xuanzu, rose to imperial attendant and minister of the royal household. Guang's son Xi, courtesy Linfu, famed for enterprise and generosity, became Inspector of Liang Province, General Who Establishes Might, with Qiang-colonel credentials.
22
烈字武玄，為將伐蜀。 鐘會之反也，烈與諸將皆被閉。 烈子世元，時年十八，為士卒先，攻殺會，名馳遠近。 烈為秦州刺史，及涼州叛，烈屯于萬斛堆，為虜所圍，無援，遇害。
Lie, courtesy Wuxuan, had commanded troops against Shu. When Zhong Hui mutinied, Lie and the other generals were confined. Lie's eighteen-year-old son Shiyuan led the stormers who slew Zhong Hui and won fame across the realm. As Inspector of Qin Province he was trapped at Wanhudui when Liangzhou rose; isolated among tribesmen, he was killed.
23
陶璜
Tao Huang.
24
陶璜，字世英，丹陽秣陵人也。 父基，吳交州刺史。 璜仕吳曆顯位。 孫皓時，交阯太守孫諝貪暴，為百姓所患。 會察戰鄧荀至，擅調孔雀三千頭，遣送秣陵，既苦遠役，咸思為亂。 郡吏呂興殺諝及荀，以郡內附。 武帝拜興安南將軍、交阯太守。 尋為其功曹李統所殺，帝更以建甯爨穀為交阯太守，谷又死，更遣巴西馬融代之。 融病卒，南中監軍霍弋又遣犍為楊稷代融，與將軍毛炅，九真太守董元，牙門孟幹、孟通、李松、王業、爨能等，自蜀出交阯，破吳軍於古城，斬大都督修則、交州刺史劉俊。 吳遣虞汜為監軍，薛珝為威南將軍、大都督，璜為蒼梧太守，距稷，戰于分水。 璜敗，退保合浦，亡其二將。 珝怒謂璜曰：「若自表討賊，而喪二帥，其責安在？」 璜曰：「下官不得行意，諸軍不相順，故致敗耳。」 珝怒，欲引軍還。 璜夜以數百兵襲董元，獲其寶物，船載而歸，珝乃謝之，以璜領交州，為前部督。 璜從海道出於不意，徑至交阯，元距之。 諸將將戰，璜疑斷牆內有伏兵，列長戟於甚後。 兵才接，元偽退，璜追之，伏兵果出，長戟逆之，大破元等。 以前所得寶船上錦物數千匹遺扶嚴賊帥梁奇，奇將萬餘人助璜。 元有勇將解系同在城內，璜誘其弟象，使為書與系，又使象乘璜軺車，鼓吹導從而行。 元等曰：「象尚若此，系必去志。」 乃就殺之。 珝、璜遂陷交阯。 吳因用璜為交州刺史。
Tao Huang, courtesy Shiying, hailed from Moling in Danyang. His father Tao Ji had been Wu's Inspector of Jiao Province. Under Wu he climbed through high offices. Sun Hao's prefect Sun Xu of Jiaozhi governed with greed and cruelty until the people loathed him. Inspector Deng Gou then demanded three thousand peacock feathers shipped to the capital; the crushing levy drove everyone toward revolt. County clerk Lu Xing assassinated Xu and Gou and brought the prefecture over to Jin. Emperor Wu named Lu Xing General Who Pacifies the South and prefect of Jiaozhi. Lu Xing soon fell to his aide Li Tong; the court replaced him with Cuan Gu of Jianning, then Ba's Ma Rong after Gu died. Ma Rong died in office; Huo Yi sent Yang Ji from Qianwei with Mao Jiong, Dong Yuan of Jiuzhen, and gate officers Meng Gan, Meng Tong, Li Song, Wang Ye, and Cuan Neng. They struck from Shu into Jiaozhi, routed Wu at Gucheng, and killed commander Xiu Ze and Inspector Liu Jun. Wu countered with Yu Si as army overseer, Xue Xu as southern commander, and Tao Huang as Cangwu prefect to oppose Yang Ji at Fenshui. Huang lost and fell back to Hepu, forfeiting two generals. Xue Xu demanded how Tao Huang could petition for the campaign yet lose two leaders. Huang answered that rival officers ignored him and coordination collapsed. Furious, Xu prepared to withdraw the army. Huang salvaged the situation with a night raid on Dong Yuan's stockpiles, floated the loot back, apologized to Xu, regained command as Jiaozhou's forward director. He then surprised the enemy with a seaward thrust straight at Jiaozhi, where Dong Yuan blocked him. Suspecting ambush inside the ruined walls, he kept halberdiers to his rear. Yuan feigned flight; Huang chased him into an ambush, but his rear halberds wheeled and shattered Yuan's trap. He bribed Fuyan warlord Liang Qi with thousands of bolts of silk captured earlier, and Qi brought ten thousand warriors to Huang's aid. Yuan's champion Xie Xi held the citadel; Huang coaxed Xi's brother Xiang into forging letters and paraded Xiang in Tao Huang's carriage behind musicians. The defenders decided that if Xiang had switched sides, Xi would desert too. They executed Xi on that suspicion. Xue Xu and Tao Huang then took Jiaozhi. Wu appointed Tao Huang Inspector of Jiao Province.
25
璜有謀策，周窮好施，能得人心。 滕修數討南賊，不能制，璜曰：「南岸仰吾鹽鐵，斷勿與市，皆壞為田器。 如此二年，可一戰而滅也。」 修從之，果破賊。
Huang was a shrewd planner, generous to the poor, and won deep loyalty. When Teng Xiu could not subdue the south, Huang advised choking their supply of salt and iron until their metal tools became plowshares. In two years of that embargo you can finish them in a single action." Xiu followed the advice and crushed the rebels.
26
初，霍弋之遣稷、炅等，與之誓曰：「若賊圍城未百日而降者，家屬誅； 若過百日救兵不至，吾受其罪。」 稷等守未百日，糧盡，乞降，璜不許，給其糧使守。 諸將並諫，璜曰：「霍弋已死，不能救稷等必矣，可須其日滿，然後受降，使彼得無罪，我受有義，內訓百姓，外懷鄰國，不亦可乎！」 稷等期訖糧盡，救兵不至，乃納之。 修則既為毛炅所殺，則子允隨璜南征，城既降，允求復仇，璜不許。 炅密謀襲璜，事覺，收炅，呵曰：「晉賊！」 炅厲聲曰：「吳狗！ 何等為賊？」 允剖其腹，曰：「復能作賊不？」 炅猶罵曰：「吾志殺汝孫皓，汝父何死狗也！」 璜既擒稷等，並送之。 稷至合浦，發病死。 孟幹、爨能、李松等至建鄴，皓將殺之。 或勸皓，幹等忠於所事，宜宥之以勸邊將，皓從其言，將徙之臨海。 幹等志欲北歸，慮東徙轉遠，以吳人愛蜀側竹弩，言能作之，皓留付作部。 後幹逃至京都，松、能為皓所殺。 幹陳伐吳之計，帝乃厚加賞賜，以為日南太守。 先是，以楊稷為交州刺史，毛炅為交阯太守，印緩未至而敗，即贈稷交州，炅及松能子並關內侯。
Before dispatching Yang Ji and Mao Jiong, Huo Yi had sworn: surrender within the hundred-day siege and your families die. Hold past one hundred days without relief and I alone accept punishment." Yang Ji gave up before the hundredth day when food ran out; Huang refused surrender but sent grain so they could keep fighting. His officers protested, but Huang argued: "Huo Yi is dead and cannot rescue them—wait until the sworn term ends, then accept surrender so the garrison keeps honor and Jin keeps faith with neighbors and subjects alike." When the deadline passed and supplies failed with no reinforcements, he took their surrender. Xiu Ze had died at Mao Jiong's hands; Ze's son Yun marched south with Huang and, after the city fell, demanded vengeance—Huang refused. Mao Jiong plotted to ambush Huang, was seized, and screamed "Jin dogs!" Mao Jiong shot back: "Wu cur! Who are the real bandits here?" Yun disemboweled him, jeering, "Still feel like rebelling?" Jiong kept shouting that his aim had been Sun Hao's head—what sort of dead cur was Yun's father anyway! Huang sent his prisoners, including Yang Ji, on under escort. Yang Ji fell ill at Hepu and died. Meng Gan, Cuan Neng, and Li Song reached Jianye, where Sun Hao meant to put them to death. Advisers argued that their loyalty deserved mercy and would encourage frontier commanders; Sun Hao agreed and planned to exile them to Linhai. They wanted to escape north and dreaded being sent farther east, so they claimed they could craft the Shu bamboo crossbows Wu prized; Hao kept them in the imperial workshops. Gan later fled to Luoyang; Sun Hao executed Song and Neng. Meng Gan presented a strategy for conquering Wu; the court rewarded him handsomely and named him prefect of Rinan. Yang Ji and Mao Jiong had already been named to Jiao Province and Jiaozhi before their seals arrived; posthumously Ji received full inspector honors, while Jiong plus Song's and Neng's sons each gained secondary marquis titles.
27
九真郡功曹李祚保郡內附，璜遣將攻之，不克。 祚舅黎晃隨軍。 勸祚令降。 祚答曰：「舅自吳將，祚自晉臣，唯力是視耳。」 逾時乃拔。 皓以璜為使持節、都督交州諸軍事、前將軍、交州牧。 武平、九德、新昌土地阻險，夷獠勁悍，曆世不賓，璜征討，開置三郡，及九真屬國三十餘縣。 征璜為武昌都督，以合浦太守修允代之。 交土人請留璜以千數，於是遣還。
Jiuzhen clerk Li Zuo held out for Jin; Tao Huang attacked him unsuccessfully. Zuo's uncle Li Huang rode with Huang's army. Huang urged Li Zuo to yield. Zuo answered: "You fight for Wu; I serve Jin—may the stronger win." After a prolonged siege Tao Huang finally captured the city. Sun Hao named Tao Huang commander of Jiao forces with full powers, Forward General, and governor. Wuping, Jiude, and Xinchang were rugged country of fierce tribal peoples who had never paid tribute; Huang conquered them, carved out three new commands, and annexed thirty-odd counties under Jiuzhen dependency. The court recalled Tao Huang to command at Wuchang and installed Xiu Yun of Hepu in his place. Thousands of Jiao residents petitioned to keep him, so he was sent back south.
28
皓既降晉，手書遣璜息融敕璜歸順。 璜流涕數日，遣使送印綬詣洛陽。 帝詔復其本職，封宛陵侯，改為冠軍將軍。
After capitulating, Sun Hao wrote personally to Huang's son Tao Rong ordering Huang to submit to Jin. Huang wept for days, then forwarded his seals to Luoyang. The emperor restored his former post, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Wanling, and redesignated him General Who Champions the Army.
29
吳既平，普減州郡兵，璜上言曰：
When Wu fell and garrisons were cut, Tao Huang memorialized:
30
又以「合浦郡土地磽確，無有田農，百姓唯以采珠為業，商賈去來，以珠貿米。 而吳時珠禁甚嚴，慮百姓私散好珠，禁絕來去，人以饑困。 又所調猥多，限每不充。 今請上珠三分輸二，次者輸一，粗者蠲除。 自十月訖二月，非采上珠之時，聽商旅往來如舊」。 並從之。
He noted that barren Hepu depended on pearl diving—farmers traded pearls for grain. Wu had banned exports so fiercely that commerce halted and people starved. Tax quotas were crushing and never met. He proposed remitting two-thirds of fine pearls, half of middling grades, and exempting coarse ones. Between the tenth and second months—the off-season for prime pearls—trade should flow freely again. The throne accepted every item.
31
在南三十年，威恩著於殊俗。 及卒，舉州號哭，如喪慈親。 朝廷乃以員外散騎常侍吾彥代璜。 彥卒，又以員外散騎常侍顧秘代彥。 秘卒，州人逼秘子參領州事。 參尋卒，參弟壽求領州，州人不聽，固求之，遂領州。 壽乃殺長史胡肇等，又將殺帳下督梁碩，碩走得免，起兵討壽，禽之，會壽母，令鴆殺之。 碩乃迎璜子蒼梧太守威領刺史，在職甚得百姓心，三年卒。 威弟淑，子綏，後並為交州。 自基至綏四世，為交州者五人。
For thirty years his kindness and authority shaped distant peoples. When he died the province mourned like bereaved children. The court named Wu Yan supernumerary attendant to succeed him. When Wu Yan died, Gu Mi replaced him in the same capacity. After Gu Mi died locals pressed his son Gu Shen to govern. Gu Shen died quickly; brother Gu Shou seized power despite popular opposition. Gu Shou murdered registrar Hu Zhao and meant to kill aide Liang Shuo, who escaped, rallied troops, captured Shuo, and forced Shou's mother to poison her son. Liang Shuo then invited Tao Huang's son Tao Wei, prefect of Cangwu, to serve as inspector; Tao Wei won the people in three years before dying. Wei's brother Shu and son Sui later held Jiao Province as well. Four generations from Tao Ji to Tao Sui produced five inspectors of Jiao.
32
璜弟-{濬}-，吳鎮南大將軍、荊州牧。 -{濬}-弟抗，太子中庶子。 -{濬}-子湮，字恭之； 湮弟猷，字恭豫，並有名。 湮至臨海太守、黃門侍郎。 猷宣城內史，王導右軍長史。 湮子馥，於湖令，為韓晃所殺，追贈廬江太守。 抗子回，自有傳。
Tao Huang's brother Tao Jun had been Wu's southern commander and Jingzhou inspector. Tao Jun's brother Tao Kang served the heir apparent. Tao Jun's son Tao Yan, courtesy Gongzhi; his brother Tao You, courtesy Gongyu—both were celebrated. Tao Yan rose to prefect of Linhai and palace gentleman. Tao You governed Xuancheng interiorly and served Wang Dao as chief clerk. Tao Fu, magistrate of Wuhu, died at Han Huang's hands and was posthumously named prefect of Lujiang. Tao Kang's son Tao Hui has a separate biography.
33
吾彥
Wu Yan.
34
吾彥，字士則，吳郡吳人也。 出自寒微，有文武才幹。 身長八尺，手格猛獸，旅力絕群。 仕吳為通江吏。 時將軍薛珝杖節南征，軍容甚盛，彥觀之，慨然而歎。 有善相者劉劄謂之曰：「以君之相，後當至此，不足慕也。」 初為小將，給吳大司馬陸抗。 抗奇其勇略，將拔用之，患眾情不允，乃會諸將，密使人陽狂拔刀跳躍而來，坐上諸將皆懼而走，唯彥不動，舉幾禦之，眾服其勇，乃擢用焉。
Wu Yan, courtesy Shize, came from Wu county. Of humble birth, he possessed both literary and martial gifts. He stood eight chi tall, wrestled beasts barehanded, and had uncommon strength. Under Wu he worked as a Yangtze patrol clerk. Watching Xue Xu's splendid southern expedition, he sighed with longing. The physiognomist Liu Zha told him his face promised equal rank someday. He began as a junior aide to Grand Marshal Lu Kang. Lu Kang prized his valor but feared resentment; at a banquet he staged a fake assassin; officers fled while Wu Yan held his seat and blocked the blade with a stool—proving his nerve and earning promotion.
35
稍遷建平太守。 時王濬將伐吳，造船於蜀，彥覺之，請增兵為備，皓不從，彥乃輒為鐵鎖，橫斷江路。 及師臨境，緣江諸城皆望風降附，或見攻而拔，唯彥堅守，大眾攻之不能克，乃退舍禮之。
He rose to prefect of Jianping. When Wang Jun built warships in Shu, Wu Yan asked Sun Hao for reinforcements; refused, he stretched iron chains across the river himself. As Jin swept downstream, cities surrendered—only Wu Yan held until besiegers withdrew and honored him.
36
吳亡，彥始歸降，武帝以為金城太守。 帝嘗從容問薛瑩曰：「孫皓所以亡國者何也？」 瑩對曰：「歸命侯臣皓之君吳，昵近小人，刑罰妄加，大臣大將無所親信，人人憂恐，各不自安，敗亡之釁，由此而作矣。」 其後帝又問彥，對曰：「吳主英俊，宰輔賢明。」 帝笑曰：「君明臣賢，何為亡國？」 彥曰：「天祿永終，歷數有屬，所以為陛下擒。 此蓋天時，豈人事也！」 張華時在坐，謂彥曰：「君為吳將，積有歲年，蔑爾無聞，竊所惑矣。」 彥厲聲曰：「陛下知我，而卿不聞乎？」 帝甚嘉之。」
After Wu fell he capitulated and Emperor Wu named him prefect of Jincheng. Emperor Wu once asked Xue Ying why Sun Hao fell. Ying blamed Sun Hao's cruelty, favoritism, and suspicion of his generals. Wu Yan answered that Sun Hao was brilliant and his ministers wise. The emperor laughed: wise ruler and good ministers—how lose a realm? Wu Yan answered that Heaven had transferred the mandate, hence Sun Hao became a captive. Heaven decreed it, not human error. Zhang Hua muttered that a veteran Wu commander should not have been unknown. Wu Yan snapped that the emperor knew him even if Zhang Hua did not. Emperor Wu applauded the retort.
37
轉在敦煌，威恩甚著。 遷雁門太守。 時順陽王暢驕縱，前後內史皆誣之以罪。 乃彥為順陽內史，彥清身率下，威刑嚴肅，眾皆畏懼。 暢不能誣，乃更薦之，冀其去職。 遷員外散騎常侍。 帝嘗問彥：「陸喜、陸抗二人誰多也？」 彥對曰：「道德名望，抗不及喜； 立功立事，喜不及抗。」
Transferred to Dunhuang, he governed with renown. He became prefect of Yanmen. Prince Sima Chang of Shunyang was violent; earlier prefects framed him to survive. Wu Yan ruled sternly and cleanly, frightening prince and people alike. Unable to fabricate charges, the prince recommended Wu Yan upward hoping to oust him. Promoted to supernumerary imperial attendant. Emperor Wu asked whether Lu Xi or Lu Kang was superior. Wu Yan said Xi surpassed Kang in moral stature. Yet Kang exceeded Xi in battlefield achievements.
38
會交州刺史陶璜卒，以彥為南中都督、交州刺史。 重餉陸機兄弟，機將受之，雲曰：「彥本微賤，為先公所拔，而答詔不善，安可愛之！」 機乃止。 因此每毀之。 長沙孝廉尹虞謂機等曰：「自古由賤而興者，乃有帝王，何但公卿。 若何元幹、侯孝明、唐儒宗、張義允等，並起自寒役，皆內侍外鎮，人無譏者。 卿以士則答詔小有不善，毀之無已，吾恐南人皆將去卿，卿便獨坐也。」 於是機等意始解，毀言漸息矣。
On Tao Huang's death Wu Yan became southern commander and inspector of Jiao. He sent rich gifts to Lu Ji and Lu Yun; Yun refused because Wu Yan's memorial wording slighted their father. Lu Ji yielded to his brother. The Lu brothers then vilified Wu Yan. Yin Yu reminded them that humble origins had produced emperors as well as ministers. He cited risen men like He Yuanqian who commanded armies despite low birth. Mocking Wu Yan's prose would alienate every southern gentleman. The Lu brothers relented and gossip faded.
39
初，陶璜之死也，九真戍兵作亂，逐其太守，九真賊帥趙祉圍郡城，彥悉討平之。 在鎮二十餘年，威恩宣著，南州寧靖。 自表求代，徵為大長秋。 卒於官。
After Tao Huang died, Jiuzhen mutinied and Zhao Zhi besieged the seat until Wu Yan suppressed them. Twenty years in command brought calm and gratitude across the south. He requested relief and was recalled as Grand Chamberlain. He died in harness.
40
張光
Zhang Guang.
41
張光，字景武，江夏鐘武人也。 身長八尺，明眉目，美音聲。 少為郡吏，家世有部曲，以牙門將伐吳有功，遷江夏西部都尉，轉北地都尉。
Zhang Guang, courtesy Jingwu, hailed from Zhongwu in Jiangxia. Eight chi tall, handsome in face and voice. A county clerk with family retainers, he earned merit as a gate general against Wu and rose to Jiangxia west commandant, then Beidi commandant.
42
初，趙王倫為關中都督，氐、羌反叛，太守張損戰沒，郡縣吏士少有全者。 光以百餘人戍馬蘭山北，賊圍之百餘日。 光撫厲將士，屢出奇兵擊賊，破之。 光以兵少路遠，自分敗沒。 會梁王肜遣司馬索靖將兵迎光，舉軍悲泣，遂還長安。 肜表光「處絕圍之地，有耿恭之忠，宜加甄賞，以明獎勸」。 於是擢授新平太守，加鼓吹。
When Sima Lun governed Guanzhong, Di and Qiang revolted and prefect Zhang Sun fell; few officers survived. Zhang Guang held Malan Mountain north with a hundred men for over a hundred days under siege. He rallied his tiny garrison and repeatedly sortied to beat the besiegers. He assumed doom—too few men and supply lines too long. Then Prince Liang Sima Xiong sent Suo Jing to lift the siege; the defenders wept with relief and marched back to Chang'an. Sima Xiong reported Zhang Guang's loyalty rivaled Geng Gong's stand at Shule. The court named him Xinping prefect with an honorary band.
43
屬雍州刺史劉沈被密詔討河間王顒，光起兵助沈。 沈時委任秦州刺史皇甫重，重自以關西大族，心每輕光，謀多不用。 及二州軍潰，為顒所擒，顒謂光曰：「前起兵欲作何策？」 光正色答曰：「但劉雍州不用鄙計，故令大王得有今日也。」 顒壯之，引與歡宴彌日，表為右衛司馬。
When Yong Inspector Liu Shen moved secretly against Prince Hejian Sima Yong, Zhang Guang mobilized to support Shen. Liu Shen had delegated Inspector Huangfu Chong of Qinzhou, who looked down on Zhang Guang as a mere soldier and ignored his counsel. When both armies broke, Sima Yong seized Zhang Guang and demanded his motive for joining Liu Shen. Zhang Guang answered coldly that Liu Shen had ignored his advice and thus handed Sima Yong victory. Sima Yong admired his nerve, feasted him for days, and recommended him as major on the right guard.
44
陳敏作亂，除光順陽太守，加陵江將軍，率步騎五千詣荊州討之。 刺史劉弘雅敬重光，稱為南楚之秀。 時江夏太守陶侃與敏大將錢端相距於長岐，將戰，襄陽太守皮初為步軍，使光設伏以待之，武陵太守苗光為水軍，藏舟艦于沔水。 皮初等與賊交戰，光發伏兵應之，水陸同奮，賊眾大敗。 弘表光有殊勳，遷材官將軍，梁州刺史。 先是，秦州人鄧定等二千餘家，饑餓流入漢中，保于成固，漸為抄盜，梁州刺史張殷遣巴西太守張燕討之。 定窘急，偽乞降于燕，並饋燕金銀，燕喜，為之緩師。 定密結李雄，雄遣眾救定，燕退，定遂進逼漢中。 太守杜正沖東奔魏興，殷亦棄官而遁。 光不得赴州，止于魏興，乃結諸郡守共謀進取。 燕唱言曰：「漢中荒敗，迫近大賊，克復之事，當俟英雄。」 正沖曰：「張燕受賊金銀，不時進討，阻兵緩寇，致喪漢中，實燕之罪也。」 光於是發怒，呵燕令出，斬之以徇。 綏撫荒殘，百姓悅服。 光於是卻鎮漢中。
When Chen Min revolted, Zhang Guang became prefect of Shunyang and General Who Crosses the Jiang with five thousand horse and foot against him. Inspector Liu Hong esteemed him as the leading talent of southern Chu. As Tao Kan faced Qian Duan at Changqi, Pi Chu led the foot soldiers while Zhang Guang ambushed and Miao Guang hid warships on the Han. Pi Chu engaged the enemy while Zhang Guang sprang the trap; land and water struck together and shattered Chen Min's army. Liu Hong cited his exceptional merit and promoted him to Material Works general and Liangzhou inspector. Earlier more than two thousand Qinzhou households led by Deng Ding, starving, had fled into Hanzhong and fortified Chenggu until they turned to pillage; Inspector Zhang Yin sent Ba prefect Zhang Yan against them. Besieged, Deng Ding feigned surrender to Zhang Yan and bribed him with gold until Yan relaxed the siege. Deng Ding secretly allied Li Xiong, whose reinforcements drove Zhang Yan back; Deng then pressed toward Hanzhong. Prefect Du Zhengchong fled east to Weixing while Zhang Yin abandoned his post. Unable to reach his provincial seat, Zhang Guang halted at Weixing and rallied prefects for a counterattack. Zhang Yan declared Hanzhong ruined and too close to rebel forces—recovery must wait on greater heroes. Du Zhengchong answered that Zhang Yan had taken bribes, stalled, and lost Hanzhong. Zhang Guang, enraged, expelled Zhang Yan and executed him as a warning. He pacified the ruined region and won popular submission. He then moved his headquarters back into Hanzhong.
45
時逆賊王如餘黨李運、楊武等，自襄陽將三千餘家入漢中，光遣參軍晉邈率眾于黃金距之。 邈受運重賂，勸光納運。 光從邈言，使居成固。 既而邈以運多珍貨，又欲奪之，復言於光曰：「運之徒屬不事佃農，但營器杖，意在難測，可掩而取之。」 光又信焉。 遣邈眾討運，不克。 光乞師于氐王楊茂搜，茂搜遣子難敵助之。 難敵求貨於光，光不與。 楊武乃厚賂難敵，謂之曰「流人寶物悉在光處，今伐我，不如伐光。」 難敵大喜，聲言助光，內與運同，光弗之知也，遣息援率眾助邈。 運與難敵夾攻邈等，援為流矢所中死，賊遂大盛。 光嬰城固守，自夏迄冬，憤激成疾。 佐吏及百姓咸勸光退據魏興，光按劍曰：「吾受國厚恩，不能翦除寇賊，今得自死，便如登仙，何得退還也！」 聲絕而卒，時年五十五。 百姓悲泣，遠近傷惜之。 有二子炅、邁。
Wang Ru's followers Li Yun and Yang Wu led three thousand households from Xiangyang into Hanzhong; Zhang Guang sent adjutant Jin Miao to block them at Huangjin. Jin Miao took Li Yun's bribes and urged Zhang Guang to shelter him. Zhang Guang listened and quartered them at Chenggu. Then Jin Miao coveted their treasure and told Zhang Guang the refugees made arms instead of farming—their loyalty was suspect and they should be seized. Zhang Guang believed him again. He sent Jin Miao against Li Yun but failed. Zhang Guang borrowed troops from Di king Yang Maosou, who sent his son Yang Nandi. Yang Nandi demanded payment; Zhang Guang refused. Yang Wu bribed Yang Nandi, arguing Zhang Guang hoarded the refugees' loot—strike him instead. Yang Nandi publicly sided with Zhang Guang while secretly joining Li Yun; Zhang Guang, unaware, sent his son Zhang Yuan to reinforce Jin Miao. Li Yun and Yang Nandi crushed Jin Miao; Zhang Yuan fell to a stray shaft and the rebels swelled. Zhang Guang held the walls from summer through winter until wrath turned to sickness. Staff and citizens begged him to fall back to Weixing, but he gripped his sword and swore he would rather die defending Hanzhong than retreat. His voice failed as he died at fifty-five. People across the region mourned him. He left sons Zhang Jiong and Zhang Mai.
46
炅少辟太宰掾。 邁多才略，有父風。 州人推邁權領州事，與賊戰沒。 別駕範曠及督護王喬奉光妻息，率其遺眾，還據魏興。 其後義陽太守任愔為梁州，光妻子歸本郡。 南平太守應詹白都督王敦，稱「光在梁州能興微繼絕，威振巴漢。 值中原傾覆，征鎮失守，外無救助，內闕資儲，以寡敵眾，經年抗禦，厲節不撓，宜應追論顯贈，以慰存亡」。 敦不能從。
Zhang Jiong served young as aide to the Grand Marshal. Zhang Mai inherited his father's tactical brilliance. Locals made Zhang Mai interim inspector until he fell fighting rebels. Fan Kuang and Wang Qiao escorted Zhang Guang's family and survivors back to Weixing. Later Ren Yin of Yiyang became Liangzhou inspector and Zhang Guang's kin returned home. Ying Zhan of Nanping wrote Wang Dun that Zhang Guang had restored ruined Liangzhou and awed Ba and Han. With no aid amid collapse, Zhang Guang had held out with scant supplies—he deserved posthumous honors. Wang Dun refused.
47
趙誘
Zhao You.
48
趙誘，字元孫，淮南人也。 世以將顯。 州辟主簿。 值刺史郗隆被齊王冏檄，使起兵討趙王倫，隆欲承檄舉義，而諸子侄並在洛陽； 欲坐觀成敗，恐為冏所討，進退有疑，會群吏計議。 誘說隆曰：「趙王篡逆，海內所病。 今義兵飆起，其敗必矣。 今為明使君計，莫若自將精兵，徑赴許昌，上策也。 不然，且可留後，遣猛將將兵會盟，亦中策也。 若遣小軍隨形助勝。 下策耳。」 隆曰：「我受二帝恩，無所偏助，正欲保州而已。」 誘與治中留寶、主簿張褒等諫隆：「若無所助，變難將生，州亦不可保也。」 隆猶豫不決，遂為其下所害。 誘還家，杜門不出。 左將軍王敦以為參軍，加廣武將軍，與甘卓、周訪共討華軼，破之。 又擊杜弢於西湘，太興初，復與卓攻弢，滅之。 累功賜爵平阿縣侯，代陶侃為武昌太守。 時杜曾迎第五猗於荊州作亂，敦遣誘與襄陽太守朱軌共距之。 猗既愍帝所遣，加有時望，為荊楚所歸。 誘等苦戰皆沒，敦甚悼惜之，表贈征虜將軍、秦州刺史，諡曰敬。
Zhao You, courtesy Yuansun, came from Huainan. His family rose through military service. The province appointed him chief clerk. When Inspector Xi Long received Sima Jiong's call to march against Sima Lun, he wanted to comply but his kin remained hostage in Luoyang. He hesitated between joining Sima Jiong and staying neutral for fear of reprisal. Zhao You urged Xi Long that Sima Lun's usurpation disgusted the realm. The loyal armies will crush him. Best choice: lead elite troops straight to Xuchang. Middle course: stay put but send a strong column to join the league. Worst: dispatch only token aid. That is the lowest option. Xi Long refused to take sides, claiming he owed both emperors and wanted only to guard his province. Zhao You, Liu Bao, and Zhang Bao warned that neutrality would invite disaster. Xi Long vacillated until his own troops killed him. Zhao You retired home and shut his gates. Wang Dun made him adviser and General Who Displays Martial Might; with Gan Zhuo and Zhou Fang he crushed Hua Yi. He fought Du Tao in western Xiang and, early in Taixing, helped Gan Zhuo destroy him. Merit won him the Ping'e barony and Wuchang prefecture after Tao Kan. When Du Zeng raised Fifth Yi in Jingzhou, Wang Dun sent Zhao You and Zhu Gui of Xiangyang to oppose them. Fifth Yi bore Emperor Min's commission and enjoyed prestige—Jingzhou rallied to him. Zhao You and Zhu Gui died fighting; Wang Dun mourned them and posthumously named Zhao You General Who Conquers the Caitiffs and Qinzhou inspector with epithet Jing.
49
子龔，與誘俱死。 元帝為晉王，下令贈新昌太守。 龔弟胤，字伯舒。 王敦使周訪擊杜曾，胤請從行。 訪憚曾之強，欲先以胤餌曾，使其眾疲而後擊之。 胤多梟首級。 王導引為從事中郎。 南頓王宗反，胤殺宗。 於是王導、庾亮並倚仗之。 轉冠軍將軍，遷西豫州刺史，卒于官。
His son Zhao Gong fell beside him. Prince Yuan posthumously named him Xinchang prefect. Zhao Gong's brother Yin, courtesy Boshi. When Wang Dun ordered Zhou Fang against Du Zeng, Zhao Yin volunteered. Zhou Fang feared Du Zeng and meant to use Zhao Yin as bait to tire him. Zhao Yin nonetheless piled up heads. Wang Dao recruited him as attendant clerk. When Prince Sima Zong of Nandun rebelled, Zhao Yin executed him. Wang Dao and Yu Liang both relied on him thereafter. He rose to General Who Champions the Army and western Yu Province inspector before dying in office.
50
史評
Historians' appraisal.
51
史臣曰：忠為令德，貞曰事君，徇國家而竭身，曆夷險而一節。 羅憲、滕修，濯纓入仕，指巴東而受脤，出嶺嶠而揚麾。 屬鼎命淪胥，本朝失守，郕巴丘而流涕，集都亭而大臨。 古之忠烈，罕輩子茲！ 孝興之智勇，玄威之武藝，滅醜虜於河西，制凶酋於硜北，審楊欣之必敗，譏楊駿之速禍。 陶璜、吾彥，逸足齊驅，毛炅屈其深謀，陸抗奇其茂略。 薪楢之任，清規自遠； 鼙鼓之臣，厥聲彌劭。 景武，南楚秀士； 元孫，累葉將門，赴死喻於登仙。 效誠陳於上策，竟而俱斃，貞則斯存。
The historians praise loyalty as supreme virtue and steadfast service through danger and calm alike. Luo Xian and Teng Xiu entered office as honest officials, commanded Badong, and led armies beyond the southern ranges. When dynasties fell they mourned at Baqiu and the metropolitan pavilion like loyal mourners of a fallen sovereign. Few ancient exemplars of loyalty match them. Ma Long's courage and Hu Fen's arms crushed foes west of the river and north of Jing; Long foresaw Yang Xin's fall and Fen mocked Yang Jun's folly. Tao Huang and Wu Yan rivaled swift steeds; Mao Jiong bowed to Huang's schemes and Lu Kang noted Wu Yan's genius. Their frontier burdens bred integrity from afar. These drum-table generals grew ever more renowned. Zhang Guang was southern Chu's brilliant commander. Zhao You's warrior house chose death as gladly as immortals. They offered loyal counsel yet died together—yet integrity survives them.
52
贊曰：憲居玉疊，才博流譽。 修赴石門，惠政攸著。 孝興、玄威，操履無違。 愚墳畢禮，楊門致譏。 璜謀超絕，彥材雄傑。 潛師襲董，觀兵歎薛。 惟趙與張，神略多方。 作尉北地，立功西湘。
The encomium sings Luo Xian's fame atop the Jade Walls. Teng Xiu's kindness showed at Stone Gate. Ma Long and Hu Fen kept unstained conduct. Hu Fen's tomb honors Yang Jun yet drew mockery. Tao Huang's designs were supreme; Wu Yan towered among heroes. Huang surprised Dong Yuan and Wu Yan studied Xue Xu. Zhao You and Zhang Guang wielded versatile genius. They commanded the northern march and won laurels on western Xiang.