1
慕容垂
Murong Chui
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慕容垂，字道明，皝之第五子也。 少岐嶷有器度，身長七尺七寸，手垂過膝。 皝甚寵之，常目而謂諸弟曰：「此兒闊達好奇，終能破人家，或能成人家。」 故名霸，字道業，恩遇逾於世子俊，故俊不能平之。 以滅宇文之功，封都鄉侯。 石季龍來伐，既還，猶有兼併之志，遣將鄧恆率眾數萬屯于樂安，營攻取之備。 垂戍徒河，與恆相持，恆憚而不敢侵。 垂少好畋遊，因獵墜馬折齒，慕容俊僭即王位，改名𡙇，外以慕郤𡙇為名，內實惡而改之。 尋以讖記之文，乃去「夬」，以「垂」為名焉。
Murong Chui, whose courtesy name was Daoming, was the fifth son of Murong Huang. As a youth he was unusually sharp and possessed great presence; he stood seven chi seven cun tall, and his hands reached below his knees. Huang doted on him and would often look him in the eye and tell his younger brothers, "This boy is open-handed and restless; in the end he will either ruin a house or perhaps build one." For this reason he was named Ba, with the courtesy name Daoye; the favor shown him surpassed that given the heir apparent Murong Jun, and Jun never made his peace with it. For his part in the destruction of the Yuwen, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Duxiang. After Shi Hu had invaded and withdrawn, Murong Huang still intended to expand his domain and sent the general Deng Heng with tens of thousands of men to camp at Le'an, making ready to attack and take new territory. Chui held Tuhe and locked horns with Heng; Heng was afraid of him and did not dare advance. Chui had loved the chase since boyhood; on a hunt he fell from his horse and broke his teeth. When Murong Jun arrogated the royal title he changed Chui's name to 𡙇, claiming outwardly to admire Xi 𡙇 while in truth he loathed the character and altered it. Before long, following a prophetic text, Jun dropped the component guai from his name and fixed it as Chui.
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石季龍之死也，趙魏亂，垂謂俊曰：「時來易失，赴機在速，兼弱攻昧，今其時矣。」 俊以新遭大喪，不許。 慕輿根言於俊曰：「王子之言，千載一時，不可失也。」 俊乃從之，以垂為前鋒都督。 俊既克幽州，將坑降卒，垂諫曰：「吊伐之義，先代常典。 今方平中原，宜綏懷以德，坑戮之刑不可為王師之先聲。」 俊從之。 及俊僭稱尊號，封垂吳王，徙鎮信都，以侍中、右禁將軍錄留台事，大收東北之利。 又為征南將軍、荊、兗二州牧，有聲于梁、楚之南。 再為司隸，偽王公已下莫不累跡。 時莫容暐嗣偽位，慕容恪為太宰。 恪甚重垂，常謂暐曰：「吳王將相之才十倍於臣，先帝以長幼之次，以臣先之，臣死之後，願陛下委政吳王，可謂親賢兼舉。」 及敗桓溫於枋頭，威名大振。 慕容評深忌惡之，乃謀誅垂。 垂懼禍及己，與世子全奔於苻堅。
When Shi Hu died and Zhao and Wei were in turmoil, Chui told Jun, "Moments like this are easily lost and must be seized at once—strike the weak while they are blind to danger; the hour is now." Jun, still in mourning for his father, refused. Murong Gen urged Jun, "What the prince says comes once in an age and must not be missed." Jun took his counsel and made Chui commander of the vanguard. Once Jun had captured Youzhou and was set to slaughter the surrendered troops, Chui remonstrated, "To comfort the afflicted and chastise the wicked is the constant practice of former ages. As we are on the verge of pacifying the Central Plains, we should win hearts with virtue; mass execution must not be the first note struck by the king's army." Jun accepted his advice. When Jun took the imperial style, he enfeoffed Chui as Prince of Wu and posted him to Xindu as Palace Attendant and Right Forbidden General in charge of the capital secretariat, drawing great profit from the northeast. He was further appointed General Who Conquers the South and regional governor of Jing and Yan, winning fame throughout the lands south of the Huai. Made Director of the Capital a second time, every man of rank in the Yan court thronged his gates. At that time Murong Wei held the throne and Murong Ke served as Grand Preceptor. Ke held Chui in the highest regard and often told Wei, "The Prince of Wu has ten times my gifts as statesman and commander; the late emperor set me above him only by birth order—when I am gone, entrust the realm to the Prince of Wu; that would be true love of worth and kin alike." After the victory over Huan Wen at Fangtou, his fame shook the realm. Murong Ping hated him bitterly and plotted his death. Fearing the blow would fall on him, Chui fled with the heir Quan to Fu Jian.
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自恪卒後，堅密有圖暐之謀，憚垂威名而未發。 及聞其至，堅大悅，郊迎執手，禮之甚重。 堅相王猛惡垂雄略，勸堅殺之。 堅不從，以為冠軍將軍，封賓都侯，食華陰之五百戶。 王猛伐洛，引全為參軍。 猛乃令人詭傳垂語于全曰：「吾已東還，汝可為計也。」 全信之，乃奔暐。 猛表全叛狀，垂懼而東奔，及藍田，為追騎所獲。 堅引見東堂，慰勉之曰：「卿家國失和，委身投朕。 賢子志不忘本，猶懷首丘。 《書》不云乎：「父父子子，無相及也。」 卿何為過懼而狼狽若斯也！」 於是復垂爵位，恩待如初。
After Ke's death Fu Jian secretly planned to destroy Yan but held back for fear of Chui's name. Learning of his arrival, Fu Jian went out to meet him in the suburbs, took his hand, and honored him lavishly. Fu Jian's chief minister Wang Meng detested Chui's daring and urged the emperor to kill him. Fu Jian refused; he appointed Chui General of the Champions and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Bintu with five hundred households at Huayin. When Wang Meng attacked Luoyang he took Quan on as staff officer. Meng then had a man forge a message from Chui to Quan: "I have already gone east; make your own plans." Quan believed it and fled back to Murong Wei. Meng reported Quan's treason; Chui fled east in alarm and was overtaken by pursuers at Lantian. Fu Jian received him in the Eastern Hall and said kindly, "Your clan and your throne fell out, and you cast your lot with me. Your worthy son has not forgotten his origins and still longs for his native hill. Does not the Documents say, "Father to father, son to son—neither shall harm the other"?" Why then such panic and disorder!" He then restored Chui's titles and treated him as before.
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及堅擒暐，垂隨堅入鄴，收集諸子，對之悲慟，見其故吏，有不悅之色。 前郎中令高弼私於垂曰：「大王以命世之姿，遭無妄之運，迍邅棲伏，艱亦至矣。 天啟嘉會，靈命暫遷，此乃鴻漸之始，龍變之初，深願仁慈有以慰之。 且夫高世之略必懷遺俗之規，方當網漏吞舟，以弘苞養之義； 收納舊臣之胄，以成為山之功，奈何以一怒捐之？ 竊為大王不取。」 垂深納之。 垂在堅朝，歷位京兆尹，進封泉州侯，所在征伐，皆在大功。
When Fu Jian took Murong Wei, Chui entered Ye with him, gathered his sons, and wept over them; at the sight of old retainers his face darkened. The former Master of Palace Gentlemen Gao Bi took Chui aside: "Your Highness, born to master an age, have met calamity without cause; long wandering and humbled, your hardship has reached its height. Heaven now opens a noble conjunction and the mandate briefly changes hands—this is the wild goose beginning its ascent, the dragon its first change; I pray Your Highness will take comfort in it. A man who would tower above his age must keep counsels that ordinary men reject; now is the time to let the net spare the great fish and practice broad forbearance; call home the sons of your old servants and build a mountain of loyalty—how can you throw them away in a fit of rage? I do not think this worthy of Your Highness." Chui took the advice to heart. In Fu Jian's service he became Metropolitan Governor of Jingzhao, was promoted to Marquis of Quanzhou, and wherever he campaigned he won the chief honors.
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堅之敗於淮南也，垂軍獨全，堅以千餘騎奔垂。 垂世子寶言於垂曰：「家國傾喪，皇綱廢馳，至尊明命著之圖籙，當隆中興之業，建少康之功。 但時來之運未至，故韜光俟奮耳。 今天厭亂德，凶眾土崩，可謂乾啟神機，授之於我。 千載一時，今其會也，宜恭承皇天之意，因而取之。 且夫立大功者不顧小節，行大仁者不念小惠。 秦既蕩覆二京，空辱神器，仇恥之深，莫甚於此，願不以意氣微恩而忘社稷之重。 五木之祥，今其至矣。」 垂曰：「汝言是也。 然彼以赤心投命，若何害之！ 苟天所棄，圖之多便。 且縱令北還，更待其釁，既不負宿心，可以義取天下。」 垂弟德進曰：「夫鄰國相吞，有自來矣。 秦強而並燕，秦弱而圖之，此為報仇雪辱，豈所謂負宿心也！ 昔鄧祁侯不納三甥之言，終為楚所滅； 吳王夫差違子胥之諫，取禍句踐。 前事之不忘，後事之師表也。 願不棄湯、武之成蹤，追韓信之敗跡，乘彼土崩，恭行天罰，斬逆氐，復宗祀，建中興，繼洪烈，天下大機，弗宜失也。 若釋數萬之眾，授幹將之柄，是郤天時而待後害，非至計也。 語曰：'當斷不斷，反受其亂。 '願兄無疑。」 垂曰：「吾昔為太傅所不容，投身于秦主，又為王猛所譖，復見昭亮，國士之禮每深，報德之分未一。 如使秦運必窮，歷數歸我者，授首之便，何慮無之。 關西之地，會非吾有，自當有擾之者，吾可端拱而定關東。 君子不怙亂，不為禍先，且可觀之。」 乃以兵屬堅。 初，寶在長安，與韓黃、李根等因讌摴蒱，寶危坐整容，誓之曰：「世云摴蒱有神，豈虛也哉！ 若富貴可期，頻得三盧。」 於是三擲盡盧，寶拜而受賜，故云五木之祥。
When Fu Jian was broken at Huainan, only Chui's corps came through whole; Fu Jian rode to him with a little over a thousand men. Chui's heir Murong Bao urged him, "Our house is fallen and the imperial order shattered; heaven's mandate is written in the charts—you should restore the dynasty as Shaokang did. Only the hour had not come, and so you banked your fire and waited. Now heaven loathes their disorder, their hosts are collapsing—Qian has opened the divine moment and given it into our hands. A moment that comes once in an age is upon us; bow to heaven's will and seize it. He who builds a great deed does not stumble over small scruples; he who practices great kindness does not count petty debts. Qin has already overrun the Two Capitals and shamed the sacred vessel; no grudge runs deeper—do not let a private debt outweigh the altars of state. The omen of the five woods has come to pass." Chui said, "You speak truly. Yet he came to us with an open heart—how could we strike him down! If heaven has cast him off, there will be no lack of chances to destroy him. Even if we let him ride north and wait for his next fault, we keep our old honor and may still win the realm in the name of justice." His brother Murong De pressed him: "Neighboring states devour one another—that is the way of the world. Qin swallowed Yan when it was strong; we plot against Qin now that it is weak—this is vengeance, not betrayal of an old debt! The Marquis of Deng ignored his three nephews' counsel and was destroyed by Chu; King Fuchai of Wu rejected Wu Zixu and brought ruin on himself at the hands of Goujian. What went before, if not forgotten, teaches what comes after. Do not turn from the path of Tang and Wu; remember how Han Xin fell; ride their collapse, execute heaven's punishment in earnest, slay the Di usurpers, restore the ancestral rites, raise a new age and continue the great work—the realm's great chance must not slip away. To release tens of thousands of men and put the sword in his hand is to refuse heaven's season and invite later disaster—not supreme strategy. The proverb says, "He who will not decide when he must, suffers chaos in the end." Brother, put doubt aside.” Chui answered, "Once the Grand Tutor would not keep me and I threw myself on the Qin ruler; Wang Meng slandered me, yet Fu Jian cleared me; he treated me as a champion of the realm, and I have scarcely begun to repay him. If Qin's mandate is truly spent and the succession returns to us, the chance to take his head will come—why fear it will not? The west of the Pass was never ours; others will tear it apart—I may fold my hands and secure the east. A gentleman does not profit from chaos or invite disaster before its time; for now let us wait and see." He then placed his troops at Fu Jian's disposal. Earlier, while Bao was at Chang'an, he played liubo at a feast with Han Huang, Li Gen, and others; sitting rigidly upright he swore, "Men say the dice have a god—surely that is no idle tale! If fortune is ordained for me, let me throw three "lu" in a row." He cast three times and each throw was lu; Bao bowed to accept the sign—hence "the omen of the five woods."
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堅至澠池，垂請至鄴展拜陵墓，因張國威刑，以安戎狄。 堅許之，權翼諫曰：「垂爪牙名將，所謂今之韓、白，世豪東夏，志不為人用。 頃以避禍歸誠，非慕德而至，列土幹城未可以滿其志，冠軍之號豈足以稱其心！ 且垂猶鷹也，饑則附人，飽便高颺，遇風塵之會，必有陵霄之志。 惟宜急其羈靽，不可任其所欲。」 堅不從，遣其將李蠻、閔亮、尹國率眾三千送垂，又遣石越戍鄴，張蠔戍并州。
When Fu Jian came to Mianchi, Chui asked leave to go to Ye to worship at the tombs and, by a show of imperial law, to quiet the frontier peoples. Fu Jian agreed; Quan Yi objected, "Chui is a fang-and-claw commander, a Han Xin or Bai Qi of our day, a champion of the eastern lands who will not serve another's will. He came lately only to escape ruin, not from love of your virtue; lands and commands cannot satisfy him, and the rank of champion is too small for his pride! Chui is like a hawk: hungry he perches on your wrist, fed he mounts to the sky; give him a season of turmoil and he will aim for the clouds. Tighten his bridle at once; do not let him have his way." Fu Jian refused; he sent Li Man, Min Liang, and Yin Guo with three thousand men to escort Chui, posted Shi Yue at Ye and Zhang Ni at Bingzhou.
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時堅子丕先在鄴，及垂至，丕館之於鄴西，垂具說淮南敗狀。 會堅將苻暉告丁零翟斌聚眾謀逼洛陽，歪謂垂曰：「惟斌兄弟因王師小失，敢肆凶勃，子母之軍，殆難為敵，非冠軍英略，莫可以滅也。 欲相煩一行可乎？」 垂曰：「下官殿下之鷹犬，敢不惟命是聽。」 於是大賜金帛，一無所受，惟請舊田園。 丕許之，配垂兵二千，遣其將苻飛龍率氐騎一千為垂之副。 丕戒飛龍曰：「卿王室肺腑，年秩雖卑，其實帥也。 垂為三軍之統，卿為謀垂之主，用兵制勝之權，防微杜貳之略，委之於卿，卿其勉之。」 垂請入鄴城拜廟，丕不許。 乃潛服而入，亭吏禁之，垂怒，斬吏燒亭而去。 石越言於丕曰：「垂之在燕，破國亂家，及投命聖朝，蒙超常之遇，忽敢輕侮方鎮，殺吏焚亭，反形已露，終為亂階。 將老兵疲，可襲而取之矣。」 歪曰：「淮南之敗，眾散親離，而垂侍衛聖躬，誠不可忘。」 越曰：「垂既不忠於燕，其肯盡忠於我乎！ 且其亡虜也，主上寵同功舊，不能銘澤誓忠，而首謀為亂，今不擊之，必為後害。」 丕不從。 越退而告人曰：「公父子好存小仁，不顧天下大計，吾屬終當為鮮卑虜矣。」
Fu Jian's son Fu Pi was already at Ye; when Chui arrived, Pi lodged him west of the city while Chui reported the disaster at Huainan in detail. Just then Fu Hui reported that the Dingling leader Zhai Bin had raised a host against Luoyang; Fu Pi told Chui, "The Bin brothers, exploiting our recent setback, dare rise in violence; mother and son together are a hard match—only your brilliance can break them. Will you undertake this campaign for me?" Chui said, "I am the hound at Your Highness's heel—how should I not obey?" He was offered gold and silk in abundance but took none, asking only for his former estates. Pi agreed, gave him two thousand men, and sent Fu Feilong with a thousand Di cavalry as his second. Pi warned Feilong, "You are of the imperial blood; young as you are, you are in truth the commander. Chui leads the host, but you are to plot against him—the right to command, the watch against treason, all rest with you; do your utmost." Chui asked to enter Ye and worship at the ancestral shrine; Pi refused. He slipped in disguised; the gate officer stopped him, and Chui in fury killed the man, burned the post, and rode away. Shi Yue urged Pi, "In Yan, Chui broke state and house; received here with extraordinary grace, he now insults your command, kills your officer and burns his post—rebellion is plain and he will be our ruin. His men are tired and few—strike now and take him." Pi said, "After Huainan the army broke and families scattered, yet Chui guarded the Son of Heaven—that debt must not be forgotten." Yue replied, "He was not loyal to Yan—will he be loyal to us? He is a defeated foe whom the emperor honored like an old companion; instead of gratitude he plots revolt—if you do not strike now, he will destroy us later." Pi would not listen. Yue withdrew and said, "Father and son cherish petty kindness and forget the realm's great design—we shall end as captives of the Xianbei."
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垂至河內，殺飛龍，悉誅氐兵，召募遠近，眾至三萬，濟河焚橋，令曰：「吾本外假秦聲，內規興復。 亂法者軍有常刑，奉命者賞不逾日，天下既定，封爵有差，不相負也。」
At Henei Chui killed Feilong, slaughtered the Di detachment, and raised men until his host numbered thirty thousand; he crossed the Yellow River, burned the bridge, and proclaimed, "Outwardly I borrowed Qin's name; inwardly I sought to restore my house. Break discipline and the army's law will find you; obey and reward comes before the sun sets; when the realm is settled, rank and fief will be justly apportioned—no man cheated of his due."
10
翟斌聞垂之將濟河也，遣使推垂為盟主。 垂距之曰：「吾父子寄命秦朝，危而獲濟，荷主上不世之恩，蒙更生之惠，雖曰君臣，義深父子，豈可因其小隙，便懷二三。 吾本救豫州，不赴君等，何為斯議而及於我！」 垂進欲襲據洛陽，故見苻暉以臣節，退又未審斌之誠款，故以此言距之。 垂至洛陽，暉閉門距守，不與垂通。 斌又遣長史河南郭通說垂，乃許之。 斌率眾會垂，勸稱尊號，垂曰：「新興侯，國之正統，孤之君也。 若以諸君之力，得平關東，當以大義喻秦，奉迎反正。 無上自尊，非孤心也。」 謀於眾曰：「洛陽四面受敵，北阻大河，至於控馭燕、趙，非形勝之便，不如北取鄴都，據之而制天下。」 眾咸以為然。 乃引師而東，遣建威將軍王騰起浮橋于石門。
Learning that Chui was about to cross the Yellow River, Zhai Bin sent envoys offering to make him leader of the alliance. Chui declined: "My father and I cast our lot with Qin in mortal danger and were spared; we owe the emperor a grace beyond measure and life itself—though called subject and lord, our bond is that of father and son; how could a small quarrel make us waver in loyalty? I came to save Yuzhou, not to join your cause—why drag me into this!" He still meant to take Luoyang, so he treated Fu Hui as his sovereign; uncertain of Bin's good faith, he answered with this refusal. At Luoyang, Fu Hui shut the gates and would not treat with him. Bin sent his chief clerk Guo Tong of Henan to persuade him, and Chui consented. Bin brought his forces to Chui and urged him to take the imperial title; Chui said, "The Marquis of Xinxing is the rightful heir and my sovereign. If your strength can settle the east, we should teach Qin its duty and restore the rightful ruler. To set myself above my lord is not my wish." He asked his officers: "Luoyang is beset on every side and barred by the Yellow River; it is no place to command Yan and Zhao—better to seize Ye in the north and rule the realm from there." All agreed. He marched east and sent General Who Establishes Might Wang Teng to build a pontoon bridge at Shimen.
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初，垂之發鄴中，子農及兄子楷、紹，北子宙，為苻丕所留。 及誅飛龍，遣田生密告農等，使起兵趙、魏以相應。 於是農、宙奔列人，楷、紹奔辟陽，眾咸應之。 農西招庫辱官偉於上黨，東引乞特歸於東阿，各率眾數萬赴之，眾至十餘萬。 丕遣石越討農，為農所敗，斬越于陳。
When Chui left Ye, his son Murong Nong, his nephews Kai and Shao, and his son Zhou had been left behind in Fu Pi's hands. After he killed Feilong he sent Tian Sheng secretly to Nong and the others to raise the north in revolt. Nong and Zhou fled to Lieren, Kai and Shao to Piyang, and the people rose everywhere. Nong won Guan Wei in Shangdang to the west and Qitegui at Dong'e to the east; each brought tens of thousands until their host passed a hundred thousand. Fu Pi sent Shi Yue against Nong; Nong routed him and killed him at Chen.
12
垂引兵至滎陽，乙太元八年自稱大將軍、大都督、燕王，承制行事，建元曰燕元。 令稱統府，府置四佐，王公已下稱臣，凡所封拜，一如王者，以翟斌為建義大將軍，封河南王； 翟檀為柱國大將軍、弘農王； 弟德為車騎大將軍、范陽王； 兄子楷征西大將軍、太原王。 眾至二十餘萬，濟自石門，長驅攻鄴。 農、楷、紹、宙等率眾會垂。 立子寶為燕王太子，封功臣為公侯伯子男者百餘人。
Chui advanced to Xingyang; in the eighth year of the Taiyuan era he proclaimed himself Grand General, Grand Commander, and Prince of Yan, acting with imperial authority under the era name Yan Yuan. He styled his headquarters the Commandery Office with four aides; nobles and officials addressed him as lord; enfeoffments followed royal precedent; Zhai Bin became Grand General Who Establishes Righteousness and Prince of Henan; Zhai Tan was made Grand General of the State and Prince of Hongnong; his brother De became Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Prince of Fanyang; his nephew Kai became General Who Conquers the West and Prince of Taiyuan. His army swelled past two hundred thousand; crossing at Shimen he marched on Ye in force. Nong, Kai, Shao, Zhou, and the rest joined him with their hosts. He made Bao heir to Yan and enfeoffed more than a hundred ministers as dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, and barons.
13
苻丕乃遣侍郎姜讓謂垂曰：「往歲大駕失據，君保衛鑾輿，勤王誠義，邁蹤前烈。 宜述修前規，終忠貞之節，奈何棄崇山之功，為此過舉！ 過貴能改，先賢之嘉事也。 深宜詳思，悟猶未晚。」 垂謂讓曰：「孤受主上不世之恩，故欲安全長樂公，使盡眾赴京師，然後修復家國之業，與秦永為鄰好。 何故暗於機運，不以鄴見歸也？ 大義滅親，況于意氣之顧！ 公若迷而不返者，孤亦欲竊兵勢耳。 今事已然，恐單馬乞命不可得也。」 讓厲色責垂曰：「將軍不容于家國，投命於聖朝，燕之尺土，將軍豈有分乎！ 主上與將軍風殊類別，臭味不同，奇將軍于一見，托將軍以斷金，寵逾宗舊，任齊懿籓，自古君臣冥契之重，豈甚此邪！ 方付將軍以六尺之孤，萬里之命，奈何王師小敗，便有二圖！ 夫師起無名，終則弗成，天之所廢，人不能支。 將軍起無名之師，而欲興天所廢，竊未見其可。 長樂公主上之元子，聲德邁于唐、衛，居陝東之任，為朝廷維城，其可束手輸將軍以百城之地！ 大夫死王事，國君死社稷，將軍欲裂冠毀冕，拔本塞源者，自可任將軍兵勢，何復多雲。 但念將軍以七十之年，懸首白旗，高世之忠，忽為逆鬼，竊為將軍痛之。」 垂默然。 左右勸垂殺之，垂曰：「古者兵交，使在其間，犬各吠非其主，何所問也！」 乃遣讓歸。
Fu Pi sent the attendant Jiang Rang to say, "When the emperor lost his throne you guarded him; your loyalty outshone the ancients. Continue on that path and keep faith to the end—why throw away a mountain of merit for this rash rebellion? To err and amend is the praise of sages. Think again; it is not too late to turn back." Chui told Rang, "I owe the emperor a boundless debt; I wished to send the Marquis of Changle with all his men to the capital, then restore my house and live at peace with Qin. Why does he refuse to read the times and yield Ye? When great duty calls, kinship itself may be set aside—what is a private debt? If you will not see reason, I must borrow the force of arms. Matters have gone too far; do not expect mercy on a lone horse." Rang rebuked him: "You were driven from your own land and the emperor took you in—what inch of Yan soil is yours? Emperor and subject are unlike in nature, yet he honored you at first sight, joined you in oath, favored you above his kin, and gave you power equal to a great prince—when was loyalty ever heavier? He would have entrusted his child and his realm to you—how, after one defeat, can you turn traitor? A war without just cause cannot succeed; what heaven casts off, no man can uphold. You make war without cause and hope to prosper what heaven has doomed—I do not see how that can stand. The Marquis of Changle is the emperor's heir, his virtue beyond Tang and Wei, the pillar east of the mountains—he will not meekly yield you a hundred cities! Ministers die for their lord, rulers die for their altars—if you mean to tear the crown and uproot the dynasty, use your armies; words are wasted. Yet you are seventy; to hang your head on a white pole, to turn the loyalty of ages into the ghost of a rebel—that I grieve for you." Chui said nothing. His attendants urged him to kill Rang; Chui said, "When armies meet, the envoy stands between them; dogs bark at strangers—why question him?" He sent Rang away unharmed.
14
垂上表於苻堅曰：「臣才非古人，致禍起蕭牆，身嬰時難，歸命聖朝。 陛下恩深周、漢，猥叨微顧之遇，位為列將，爵忝通侯，誓在戮力輸誠，常懼不及。 去夏桓沖送死，一擬雲消，回討鄖城，俘馘萬計，斯誠陛下神算之奇，頗亦愚臣忘死之效。 方將飲馬桂州，懸旌閩會，不圖天助亂德，大駕班師。 陛下單馬奔臣，臣奉衛匪貳，豈陛下聖明鑒臣單心，皇天后土實亦知之。 臣奉詔北巡，受制長樂。 然丕外失眾心，內多猜忌，今臣野次外庭，不聽謁廟。 丁零逆豎寇逼豫州，丕迫臣單赴，限以師程，惟給弊卒二千，盡無兵杖，復令飛龍潛為刺客。 及至洛陽，平原公暉復不信納。 臣竊惟進無淮陰功高之慮，退無李廣失利之愆，懼有青蠅，交亂白黑，丁零夷夏以臣忠而見疑，乃推臣為盟主。 臣受託善始，不遂令終，泣望西京，揮涕即邁。 軍次石門，所在雲赴，雖復周武之會于孟津，漢祖之集於垓下，不期之眾，實有甚焉。 欲令長樂公盡眾赴難，以禮發遣，而丕固守匹夫之志，不達變通之理。 臣息農收集故營，以備不虞，而石越傾鄴城之眾，輕相掩襲，兵陣未交，越已隕首。 臣既單車懸軫，歸者如雲，斯實天符，非臣之力。 且鄴者臣國舊都，應即惠及，然後西面受制，永守東籓，上成陛下遇臣之意，下全愚臣感報之誠。 今進師圍鄴，並喻丕以天時人事。 而丕不察機運，杜門自守，時出挑戰，鋒戈屢交，恆恐飛矢誤中，以傷陛下天性之念。 臣之此誠，未簡神聽，輒遏兵止銳，不敢竊攻。 夫運有推移，去來常事，惟陛下察之。」
Chui wrote to Fu Jian: "I am no man of antiquity; trouble rose within the court, I fell on evil days, and cast myself on your mercy. Your grace is deep as Zhou and Han; you raised me to rank and enfeoffed me as marquis, and I swore to serve with all my strength, ever fearing I fell short. Last summer Huan Chong died; our plans cleared like clouds; at Xiangcheng we took tens of thousands of heads—this was your divine strategy and my small share of dying for you. We meant to water our horses in Guizhou and plant our banners in Min and Hui, never dreaming heaven would favor disorder and the imperial march would turn back. You rode alone to me and I guarded you without fail—surely you see my heart, and heaven knows it too. I was ordered north and bound by the Marquis of Changle. Pi lost the people and trusted no one; I camp outside the walls and may not enter the shrine. The Dingling rebels press Yuzhou; Pi sent me with two thousand broken men and no arms, and set Feilong to murder me in secret. At Luoyang the Plain Duke Fu Hui would not trust me. I had neither Han Xin's fear of too great merit nor Li Guang's blame for defeat; I feared slander; the Dingling, seeing me loyal yet distrusted, made me their chief. I took their trust at the start and cannot end it cleanly; weeping I turn toward the western capital and march on. At Shimen men flocked to us—greater than the hosts of King Wu at Mengjin or Han Gaozu at Gaixia. I asked the Marquis of Changle to send all his men to the emperor and release them with honor; Pi clung to his obstinacy and would not bend. My son Nong rallied our old camps; Shi Yue struck lightly from Ye and was killed before battle was joined. I came with a single cart and men returned like clouds—this was heaven, not my power. Ye is my old capital and should be won with kindness; then I will serve you in the east, fulfilling your grace and my debt. Now I besiege Ye and teach Pi the times. Pi will not read the times; he shuts his gates and fights; blades cross daily—I fear a stray arrow may wound the bond you bear him. This sincerity has not reached you; I hold my army back and dare not strike in secret. Fortune turns; what comes and goes is constant—may Your Majesty judge."
15
堅報曰：「朕以不德，忝承靈命，君臨萬邦，三十年矣。 遐方幽裔，莫不來庭，惟東南一隅，敢違王命。 朕爰奮六師，恭行天罰，而玄機不吊，王師敗績。 賴卿忠誠之至，輔翼朕躬，社稷之不隕，卿之力也。 《詩》云：『中心藏之，何日忘之。』 方任卿以元相，爵卿以郡侯，庶弘濟艱難，敬酬勳烈，何圖伯夷忽毀冰操，柳惠倏為淫夫！ 覽表惋然，有慚朝士。 卿既不容於本朝，匹馬而投命，朕則寵卿以將位，禮卿以上賓，任同舊臣，爵齊勳輔，歃血斷金，披心相付。 謂卿食椹懷音，保之偕老。 豈意畜水覆舟，養獸反害，悔之噬臍，將何所及！ 誕言駭眾，誇擬非常，周武之事，豈卿庸人所可論哉！ 失籠之鳥，非羅所羈； 脫網之鯨，豈罟所制！ 翹陸任懷，何須聞也。 念卿垂老，老而為賊，生為叛臣，死為逆鬼，侏張幽顯，布毒存亡，中原士女，何痛如之！ 朕之曆運興喪，豈復由卿！ 但長樂、平原以未立之年，遇卿於兩都，慮其經略未稱朕心，所恨者此焉而已。」
Fu Jian answered: "With little virtue I have borne the mandate thirty years. Far peoples have come to court; only the southeast dared defy me. I raised the Six Armies to punish them, yet heaven was unkind and my host was broken. By your loyalty you saved me and the altars did not fall—that was your doing. The Odes say, "I hide it in my heart—when shall I forget?" I would have made you chief minister and marquis of a commandery to repay your merit—why has Bo Yi shattered his honor and Liu Hui turned debauched! Your letter grieves and shames me before my court. Driven from your own court you came to me; I made you a general and chief guest, equal to my greatest servants, joined in oath and trust. I said you would keep faith to the end like the bird that eats mulberry. Who thought the water you carried would sink the boat, the beast you fed would bite the hand—regret gnaws to the marrow! Your boasts shock the world and ape King Wu—how dare a man like you speak of such things! A bird out of the cage is not caught by the net; a whale off the line is not held by the weir! Let the beast of the heights go where it will—I need not hear more. At seventy you turn bandit, live a traitor, die a rebel, poison the living and dead—the pain of the central plains, what pain like it! Whether my house stands or falls—how is that your doing! Only for Changle and the Plain Duke, still young when they met you in the Two Capitals—we regret their counsel was not to our mind; that is all."
16
垂攻拔鄴郛，丕固守中城，垂塹而圍之，分遣老弱于魏郡、肥鄉，築新興城以置輜重，擁漳水以灌之。
Chui took Ye's outer wall; Pi held the inner city; Chui moated and besieged, moved the weak to Weijun and Feixiang, built Xinxing for stores, and dammed the Zhang to flood the city.
17
翟斌潛諷丁零及西人，請斌為尚書令。 垂訪之群僚，其安東將軍封衡厲色曰：「馬能千里，不免羈靽，明畜生不可以人禦也。 斌戎狄小人，遭時際會，兄弟封王，自驩兜已來，未有此福。 忽履盈忘止，復有斯求，魂爽錯亂，必死不出年也。」 垂猶隱忍容之，令曰：「翟王之功宜居上輔，但台既未建，此官不可便置。 待六合廓清，更當議之。」 斌怒，密應苻丕，潛使丁零決防潰水。 事泄，垂誅之。 斌兄子真率其部眾北走邯鄲，引兵向鄴，欲與丕為內外之勢，垂令其太子寶、冠軍慕容隆擊破之。 真自邯鄲北走，又使慕容楷率騎追之，戰於下邑，為真所敗，真遂屯于承營。 垂謂諸將曰：「苻丕窮寇，必守死不降。 丁零叛擾，乃我腹心之患。 吾欲遷師新城，開其逸路，進以謝秦主疇昔之恩，退以嚴擊真之備。」 於是引師去鄴，北屯新城。 慕容農進攻翟嵩于黃泥，破之。 垂謂其范陽王德曰：「苻丕吾縱之不能去，方引晉師規固鄴都，不可置也。」 進師又攻鄴，開其西奔之路。
Zhai Bin secretly urged the Dingling and western troops to make him Director of the Masters of Writing. Chui asked his officers; Feng Heng said sharply, "A horse may run a thousand li but needs the bridle—a bright beast is not driven like a man. Bin is a barbarian who met his hour; brothers made kings—since Huandou there has been no such fortune. Drunk on fortune he forgets his limit and asks for more—his mind is lost and he will not live out the year." Chui still bore with him and said, "Prince Zhai's merit deserves the highest post, but the Secretariat is not yet built and the office cannot be given now. When the realm is pacified we will speak of it again." Bin in anger secretly aided Fu Pi and had the Dingling breach the dike. The plot was discovered and Chui killed him. Bin's nephew Zhen fled north to Handan and marched on Ye to join Pi from within; Chui sent Bao and Murong Long to break him. Zhen fled north from Handan, so Chui sent Murong Kai in pursuit with cavalry. They fought at Xiayi; Zhen defeated him and then camped at Chengying. Chui told his officers, "Fu Pi is cornered and will die before he yields. The rebellious Dingling are the trouble at our heart. I will move to Xincheng, open their escape, advance to repay Qin's old grace, retreat to crush Zhen." He withdrew from Ye and camped at Xincheng. Murong Nong defeated Zhai Song at Huangni. Chui told Murong De, "I spared Fu Pi and he would not go; now he calls Jin to hold Ye—he cannot remain." He marched on Ye again and opened the western road for flight.
18
垂將有北都中山之意，農率眾數萬迎之。 群僚聞慕容暐為苻堅所殺，勸垂僭位。 垂以慕容沖稱號關中，不許。
Chui planned to set his northern capital at Zhongshan; Nong came out with tens of thousands to meet him. When they heard Murong Wei had been killed by Fu Jian, his officers urged him to take the throne. Murong Chong had already declared himself in Guanzhong, and Chui would not follow suit.
19
晉龍驤將軍劉牢之率眾救苻丕，至鄴，垂逆戰，敗績，遂撤鄴圍，退屯新城。 垂自新城北走，牢之追垂，連戰皆敗。 又戰於五橋澤，王師敗績，德及隆引兵要之於五丈橋，牢之馳馬跳五丈澗，會苻丕救至而免。
Liu Laozhi of Jin marched to relieve Fu Pi; Chui fought him at Ye, lost, lifted the siege, and withdrew to Xincheng. Chui fled north; Laozhi pursued and defeated him again and again. At Wuqiao Marsh the Jin army broke; De and Long blocked Wuzhang Bridge; Laozhi leaped the ravine and escaped when Fu Pi came up.
20
翟真去承營，徙屯行唐，真司馬鮮于乞殺真，盡誅翟氏，自立為趙王。 營人攻殺乞，迎立真從弟成為主，真子遼奔黎陽。
Zhai Zhen moved to Xingtang; his officer Xianyu Qi killed him, wiped out the Zhai line, and made himself king of Zhao. The camp killed Qi and set up Cheng; Zhen's son Liao fled to Liyang.
21
高句驪寇遼東，垂平北慕容佐遣司馬郝景率眾救之，為高句驪所敗，遼東、玄菟遂沒。
Koguryo invaded Liaodong; Murong Zuo sent Hao Jing to relieve it and was beaten; Liaodong and Xuantu fell.
22
建節將軍徐岩叛于武邑，驅掠四千餘人，北走幽州。 垂馳敕其將平規曰：「但固守勿戰，比破丁零，吾當自討之。」 規違命距戰，為岩所敗。 岩乘勝入薊，掠千餘戶而去，所過寇暴，遂據令支。
Xu Yan rebelled at Wuyi, seized four thousand people, and fled north to Youzhou. Chui ordered Ping Gui, "Hold fast and do not give battle; when I have finished the Dingling I will come myself." Gui disobeyed, gave battle, and was routed. Yan stormed Ji, looted a thousand households, and seized Lingzhi.
23
翟成長史鮮于得斬成而降，垂入行唐，悉坑其眾。
Xianyu De killed Cheng and surrendered; Chui entered Xingtang and massacred his army.
24
苻丕棄鄴城，奔於并州。
Fu Pi abandoned Ye and fled to Bingzhou.
25
慕容農攻克令支，斬徐岩兄弟。 時伐高句驪，復遼東、玄菟二郡，還屯龍城。
Murong Nong took Lingzhi and executed Xu Yan and his brothers. He campaigned against Koguryo, recovered Liaodong and Xuantu, and returned to Longcheng.
26
遣其征西慕容楷、衛軍慕容麟、鎮南慕容紹、征虜慕容宙等攻苻堅冀州牧苻定、鎮東苻紹、幽州牧苻謨、鎮北苻亮。 楷與定等書，喻以禍福，定等悉降。
He sent Kai, Lin, Shao, and Zhou against Fu Jian's governors Fu Ding, Fu Shao, Fu Mo, and Fu Liang. Kai wrote to them of fortune and ruin, and all surrendered.
27
垂留其太子寶守中山，率諸將南攻翟遼，以楷為前鋒都督。 遼之部眾皆燕、趙人也，咸曰：「太原王之子，吾之父母。」 相率歸附。 遼懼，遣使請降。 垂至黎陽，遼肉袒謝罪，垂厚撫之。
Leaving Bao at Zhongshan, Chui marched south against Zhai Liao with Kai in the van. Liao's men were Yan and Zhao folk; they said, "The Prince of Taiyuan's son is our father and mother." They came over in crowds. Liao in terror sued for peace. At Liyang, Liao came bare-chested to submit, and Chui treated him kindly.
28
為其太子寶起承華觀，以寶錄尚書政事，巨細皆委之，重總大綱而已。 立其夫人段氏為皇后。 又以寶領侍中、大單于、驃騎大將軍、幽州牧。 建留台于龍城，以高陽王慕容隆錄留台尚書事。 時慕容暐及諸宗室為苻堅所害者，並招魂葬之。
He built the Chenghua Tower for Bao, gave him charge of the secretariat, and kept only the larger design in his own hands. He made his consort Lady Duan empress. He made Bao Palace Attendant, Grand Chanyu, General of Agile Cavalry, and Governor of Youzhou. He set up the Rear Secretariat at Longcheng under Murong Long. He buried by ceremony those of the Murong clan whom Fu Jian had killed.
29
清河太守賀耕聚眾定陵以叛，南應翟遼，慕容農討斬之，毀定陵城。 進師入鄴，以鄴城廣難固，築鳳陽門大道之東為隔城。
He Geng of Qinghe rebelled at Dingling and joined Zhai Liao; Murong Nong destroyed him and razed Dingling. He entered Ye, and because the city was too wide to defend easily, built a new quarter east of the Fengyang Gate.
30
其尚書郎婁會上疏曰：「三年之喪，天下之達制，兵荒殺禮，遂以一切取士。 人心奔兢，苟求榮進，至乃身冒縗絰，以赴時役，豈必殉忠於國家，亦昧利於其間也。 聖王設教，不以顛沛而虧其道，不以喪亂而變其化，故能杜豪兢之門，塞奔波之路。 陛下鐘百王之季，廓中興之業，天下漸平，兵革方偃，誠宜蠲蕩瑕穢，率由舊章。 吏遭大喪，聽終三年之禮，則四方知化，人斯服禮。」 垂不從。
Lou Hui of the Masters of Writing wrote, "Three years' mourning is the law of the realm; war has killed ritual, and men seize office without waiting. Men rush for rank, even wearing mourning to take post—whether from loyalty or from greed who can tell? A sage king does not let hardship void his teaching nor disorder change his rule; he closes the door to reckless ambition and the road of flight. Your Majesty has raised a restored age; the realm grows quiet and arms are stilled—you should cleanse these abuses and return to the old statutes. Let officials observe full mourning for parents, and the realm will learn ritual again." Chui refused.
31
翟遼死，子釗代立，攻逼鄴城，慕容農擊走之。 垂引師伐釗於滑台，次於黎陽津，釗于南岸距守，諸將惡其兵精，咸諫不宜濟河。 垂笑曰：「堅子何能為，吾今為鯽等殺之。」 遂徙營就西津，為牛皮船百餘艘，載疑兵列杖，溯流而上。 釗先以大眾備黎陽，見垂向西津，乃棄營西距。 垂潛遣其桂林王慕容鎮、驃騎慕容國于黎陽津夜濟，壁于河南。 釗聞而奔還，士眾疲渴，走歸滑台，釗攜妻子率數百騎北趣白鹿山。 農追擊，盡擒其眾，釗單騎奔長子。 釗所統七郡戶三萬八千皆安堵如故。 徙徐州流人七千餘戶于黎陽。
When Zhai Liao died, his son Zhao attacked Ye and was driven off by Murong Nong. Chui marched on Zhao at Huatai and camped at Liyang ford; Zhao held the south bank; his officers feared Zhao's sharp troops and urged him not to cross. Chui smiled and said, "What can this boy do? I will be your butcher and kill him." He moved to the western crossing, built a hundred oxhide boats loaded with dummy spearmen, and sent them upstream. Zhao had massed at Liyang; seeing Chui move west, he marched west to block him. Chui secretly sent Murong Zhen and Murong Guo to cross by night and fortify south of the river. Zhao turned back; his men, spent and thirsty, fled to Huatai; Zhao took his family and a few hundred horse and ran for Bailu Mountain. Nong pursued and took them all; Zhao alone escaped to Changzi. The seven commanderies, thirty-eight thousand households, were left undisturbed. He resettled seven thousand refugees from Xuzhou at Liyang.
32
於是議征長子。 諸將咸諫，以慕容永未有釁，連歲征役，士卒疲怠，請俟他年。 垂將從之，及聞慕容德之策，笑曰：「吾計決矣。 且吾投老，扣囊底智，足以克之，不復留逆賊以累子孫也。」 乃發步騎七萬，遣其丹陽王慕容贊、龍驤張崇攻永弟支于晉陽。 永遣其將刁雲、慕容鐘率眾五萬屯潞川。 垂遣慕容楷出自滏口，慕容農入自壺關，垂頓於鄴之西南，月餘不進。 永謂垂詭道伐之，乃攝諸軍還杜太行軹關。 垂進師入自天井關，至於壺壁。 永率精卒五萬來距，阻河曲以自固，馳使請戰。 垂列陣於壺避之南，農、楷分為二翼，慕容國伏千兵於深澗，與永大戰。 垂引軍偽退，永追奔數里，國發伏兵馳斷其後，楷、農夾擊之，永師大敗，斬首八千餘級，永奔還長子。 慕容贊攻克晉陽。 垂進圍長子，永將賈韜潛為內應。 垂進軍入城，永奔北門，為前驅所獲，於是數而戮之，並其所署公卿刁雲等三十餘人。 永所統新舊八郡戶七萬六千八百及乘輿、服御、伎樂、珍寶悉獲之，於是品物具矣。
Then they debated an attack on Changzi. His officers objected that Murong Yong had given no cause, that years of war had exhausted the troops, and begged to wait. He was about to agree; then he heard Murong De's counsel and said, "My mind is made up. I am old, but what wisdom remains in the bottom of the bag is enough to crush him—I will not leave this rebel to my heirs." He sent seventy thousand men, and Murong Zan and Zhang Chong against Yong's brother Zhi at Jinyang. Yong sent Diao Yun and Murong Zhong with fifty thousand to hold Luchuan. Chui sent Kai through Fukou and Nong through Huguan, and himself camped southwest of Ye for a month without moving. Yong thought it a feint and pulled all his men back to guard Zhatai Pass. Chui entered by Tianjing Pass and reached Hubei. Yong came with fifty thousand picked men, blocked the river bend, and challenged him to fight. Chui formed south of Hubi; Nong and Kai took the wings; Guo hid a thousand men in a ravine; the great battle was joined. Chui feigned retreat; Yong pursued; Guo struck his rear; Kai and Nong closed on the flanks; eight thousand fell; Yong fled to Changzi. Murong Zan took Jinyang. Chui besieged Changzi; Yong's officer Jia Tao plotted treason within. Chui entered the city; Yong was taken at the north gate, judged, and executed with Diao Yun and more than thirty of his officers. He took eight commanderies, seventy-six thousand eight hundred households, and Yong's chariots, robes, musicians, and treasure—the regalia was complete.
33
使慕容農略地河南，攻廩丘、陽城，皆克之，太山、琅邪諸郡皆委城奔潰，農進師臨海，置守宰而還。 垂告捷于龍城之廟。
Nong swept Henan, took Lianqiu and Yangcheng, and the commanderies of Taishan and Langye fell away; he reached the sea, set magistrates, and returned. Chui reported victory at the Longcheng temple.
34
遣其太子寶及農與慕容麟等率眾八萬伐魏，慕容德、慕容紹以步騎一萬八千為寶後繼。 魏聞寶將至，徙往河西。 寶進師臨河，懼不敢濟。 還次參合，忽有大風黑氣，狀若堤防，或高或下，臨覆軍上。 沙門支曇猛言於寶曰：「風氣暴迅，魏軍將至之候，宜遣兵禦之。」 寶笑而不納。 曇猛固以為言，乃遣麟率騎三萬為後殿，以禦非常。 麟以曇猛言為虛，縱騎遊獵。 俄而黃霧四塞，日月晦冥，是夜魏師大至，三軍奔潰，寶與德等數千騎奔免，士眾還者十一二，紹死之。 初，寶至幽州，所乘車軸無故自折。 術士靳安以為大凶，固勸寶還，寶怒不從，故及於敗。
He sent Bao and Nong with eighty thousand against Wei; De and Shao followed with eighteen thousand. The Wei fled west of the river when they heard Bao was coming. Bao reached the river and dared not cross. Marching back to Canhe, a black storm like a wall rose over the army. The monk Zhi Tanmeng told Bao, "This wind means the Wei are coming—you must post guards." Bao laughed and would not listen. Tanmeng pressed him again; Bao sent Lin with thirty thousand horse as rearguard. Lin thought the monk spoke folly and let his men hunt. Yellow fog swallowed the field; that night the Wei came in force; the army broke; Bao and De escaped with a few thousand horse; nine in ten were lost; Shao was killed. When Bao came to Youzhou, the axle of his carriage had snapped without cause. The diviner Jin An called it deadly ill luck and begged him to turn back; Bao in anger refused, and so met ruin.
35
寶恨參合之敗，屢言魏有可乘之機。 慕容德亦曰：「魏人狃於參合之役，有陵太子之心，宜及聖略，摧其銳志。」 垂從之，留德守中山，自率大眾出參合，鑿山開道，次於獵嶺。 遣寶與農出天門，征北慕容隆、征西慕容盛逾青山，襲魏陳留公泥于平城，陷之，收其眾三萬餘人而還。
Bao brooded on Canhe and kept saying Wei could be struck. Murong De said, "The Wei, bloated by Canhe, despise the heir—strike now while your father's power is whole." Chui agreed, left De at Zhongshan, marched from Canhe, cut a road through the mountains, and camped at Lie Ridge. He sent Bao and Nong by Tianmen, Long and Sheng over Qing Mountain against Ni at Pingcheng; they took it and returned with thirty thousand men.
36
垂至參合，見往年戰處積骸如山，設弔祭之禮，死者父兄一時號哭，軍中皆慟。 垂慚憤歐血，因而寢疾，乘馬輿而進。 過平城北三十里，疾篤，築燕昌城而還。 寶等至雲中，聞垂疾，皆引歸。 及垂至於平城，或有叛者奔告魏曰：「垂病已亡，輿屍在軍。」 魏又聞參合大哭，以為信然，乃進兵追之，知平城已陷而退，還館陰山。 垂至上谷之沮陽，乙太元二十一年死，時年七十一，凡在位十三年。 遺令曰：「方今禍難尚殷，喪禮一從簡易，朝終夕殯，事訖成服，三日之後，釋服從政。 強寇伺隙，秘勿發喪，至京然後舉哀行服。」 寶等遵行之。 偽諡成武皇帝，廟號世祖，墓曰宣平陵。
At Canhe he saw the bones of the dead heaped like a hill; he mourned them, and fathers and brothers wailed until the whole army wept. Chui, shamed and raging, coughed blood, fell ill, and was carried forward in a litter. Thirty li north of Pingcheng his sickness grew grave; he built Yanchang city and turned back. Bao and the rest, reaching Yunzhong, heard Chui was dying and turned back. At Pingcheng deserters told the Wei, "Chui is dead; his body is with the army." The Wei heard the mourning at Canhe and believed it; they pursued until they learned Pingcheng had fallen, then withdrew to Yin Mountain. Chui reached Zuyang in Shanggu and died in the twenty-first year of Taiyuan, aged seventy-one, having ruled thirteen years. His last command ran, "Calamity is not yet past; let mourning be simple—bury at once, mourn briefly, and in three days return to rule. Enemies watch for weakness—hide my death until you reach the capital, then mourn in public." Bao and the others obeyed. His posthumous title was Emperor Chengwu, his temple name Shizu, his tomb the Xuanping Mausoleum.