1
高祖高祖神堯大聖大光孝皇帝，姓李氏，諱淵。 其先隴西狄道人，凉武昭王暠七代孫也。 暠生歆，歆生重耳，仕魏為弘農太守。 重耳生熙，為金門鎮將，領豪傑鎮武川，因家焉。 儀鳳中，追尊宣皇帝。 熙生天錫，仕魏為幢主。 大統中，贈司空。 儀鳳中，追尊光皇帝。 皇祖諱虎，後魏左僕射，封隴西郡公，與周文帝及太保李弼、大司馬獨孤信等以功參佐命，當時稱為「八柱國家」，仍賜姓大野氏。 周受禪，追封唐國公，謚曰襄。 至隋文帝作相，還復本姓。 武德初，追尊景皇帝，廟號太祖，陵曰永康。 皇考諱昞，周安州總管、柱國大將軍，襲唐國公，謚曰仁。 武德初，追尊元皇帝，廟號世祖，陵曰興寧。
Gaozu Gaozu, styled Emperor Shenyao the Great Sage, Greatly Glorious and Filial, was of the Li clan; his personal name was Yuan. His ancestors came from Didao in Longxi—seventh in descent from Lü Wu Zhaowang Hao. Hao had a son Xin; Xin had a son Chong'er, who served the Wei as Administrator of Hongnong. Chong'er had a son Xi, who served as commandant of the Jintun garrison, leading local champions to secure Wuchuan, where the family settled. During the Yifeng reign he was posthumously honored as Emperor Xuan. Xi had a son Tianshi, who served the Wei as a chief of standard-bearers. In the Datong era he was posthumously granted the title Minister of Works. During the Yifeng reign he was posthumously honored as Emperor Guang. The Emperor's grandfather, personal name Hu, served as Vice Minister of the Left under the Later Wei and was enfeoffed as Duke of Longxi. With Zhou Wendi, Grand Tutor Li Bi, Grand Marshal Dugu Xin, and others he helped establish the dynasty by merit and was acclaimed as one of the "Eight Pillar Families"; he was also granted the surname Daye. When the Zhou received the abdication, he was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Tang with the posthumous title Xiang. When Sui Wendi became regent, the family surname was restored. At the opening of the Wude era he was posthumously honored as Emperor Jing, with temple name Taizu and tomb Yongkang. The Emperor's father, personal name Bing, was General-in-Chief of Anzhou and a Pillar General under the Zhou, inherited the Dukedom of Tang, and bore the posthumous title Ren. At the opening of the Wude era he was posthumously honored as Emperor Yuan, with temple name Shizu and tomb Xingning.
2
高祖以周天和元年生於長安，七歲襲唐國公。 及長，倜儻豁達，任性真率，寬仁容眾，無貴賤咸得其歡心。 隋受禪，補千牛備身。 文帝獨孤皇后，即高祖從母也，由是特見親愛，累轉譙、隴、岐三州刺史。 有史世良者，善相人，謂高祖曰：「公骨法非常，必為人主，願自愛，勿忘鄙言。」 高祖頗以自負。 大業初，為滎陽、樓煩二郡太守，徵為殿內少監。 九年，遷衛尉少卿。 遼東之役，督運於懷遠鎮。 及楊玄感反，詔高祖馳驛鎮弘化郡，兼知關右諸軍事。 高祖歷試中外，素樹恩德，及是結納豪傑，眾多款附。 時煬帝多所猜忌，人懷疑懼。 會有詔徵高祖詣行在所，遇疾未謁。 時甥王氏在後宮，帝問曰：「汝舅何遲？」 王氏以疾對，帝曰：「可得死否？」 高祖聞之益懼，因縱酒沉湎，納賄以混其跡焉。 十一年，煬帝幸汾陽宮，命高祖往山西、河東黜陟討捕。 師次龍門，賊帥毋端兒帥眾數千薄於城下。 高祖從十餘騎擊之，所射七十發，皆應弦而倒，賊乃大潰。 十二年，遷右驍衛將軍。
Gaozu was born in Chang'an in the first year of Tianhe under the Northern Zhou; at age seven he inherited the Dukedom of Tang. When he came of age he was bold and open-hearted, willful yet sincere, generous and inclusive; high and low alike took delight in him. When the Sui received the abdication, he was appointed an attendant of the Thousand-Ox Guard. Empress Dugu, consort of Wendi, was Gaozu's aunt on his mother's side; he was therefore especially favored and rose through appointments as prefect of Qiao, Long, and Qi. A physiognomist named Shi Shiliang told Gaozu, "Your bone structure is extraordinary—you are destined to rule. Cherish yourself, and do not forget what I have said." After this Gaozu grew quite proud. At the opening of the Daye era he served as prefect of Xingyang and Loufan, then was summoned as Vice Director of the Palace Internal. In the ninth year he was promoted to Vice Minister of the Commandant of the Guards. During the Liaodong campaign he oversaw supply transport at Huaiyuan Garrison. When Yang Xuangan rose in rebellion, an edict ordered Gaozu to ride post relays to secure Honghua Commandery and take concurrent command of military affairs west of the passes. Gaozu had served in posts throughout the empire and had long cultivated goodwill; now he gathered bold men, and many pledged their loyalty. At that time Emperor Yang was deeply suspicious, and men lived in fear. An edict then summoned Gaozu to the imperial camp; he fell ill and did not present himself. His maternal nephew Lady Wang was then in the inner palace. The Emperor asked her, "Why is your uncle so slow in coming?" She replied that he was ill. The Emperor said, "Can he simply die?" When Gaozu heard this he grew still more afraid; he drowned himself in wine and paid bribes to obscure his intentions. In the eleventh year Emperor Yang visited Fenyang Palace and ordered Gaozu to Shanxi and Hedong to conduct inspections and pursue bandits. When the army halted at Longmen, the bandit chief Wu Duan'er led several thousand men against the city. Gaozu attacked with barely a dozen horsemen. Of seventy arrows he loosed, each found its mark and a man fell; the bandits broke and fled in disorder. In the twelfth year he was appointed General of the Right Valiant Cavalry.
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十三年，為太原留守，郡丞王威、武牙郎將高君雅為副。 群賊蜂起，江都阻絕，太宗與晉陽令劉文靜首謀，勸舉義兵。 俄而馬邑校尉劉武周據汾陽宮舉兵反，太宗與王威、高君雅將集兵討之。 高祖乃命太宗與劉文靜及門下客長孫順德、劉弘基各募兵，旬日間眾且一萬，密遣使召世子建成及元吉於河東。 威、君雅見兵大集，恐高祖為變，相與疑懼，請高祖祈雨於晉祠，將為不利。 晉陽鄉長劉世龍知之，以告高祖，高祖陰為之備。
In the thirteenth year he became garrison commander of Taiyuan, with Assistant Prefect Wang Wei and Martial Guard Officer Gao Junya as deputies. Bandits swarmed on every side; the road to Jiangdu was cut. Taizong and Liu Wenjing, magistrate of Jinyang, were the first to plot and urge an uprising. Soon Liu Wuzhou, garrison commandant of Mayi, seized Fenyang Palace and rebelled; Taizong, Wang Wei, and Gao Junya prepared to gather troops against him. Gaozu ordered Taizong, Liu Wenjing, and retainers Sun Shunde and Liu Hongji each to raise troops; within ten days they mustered nearly ten thousand men, and he secretly summoned the heir Jiancheng and Yuanji from Hedong. Seeing the armies massed, Wei and Junya feared Gaozu would rebel; suspicious, they asked him to pray for rain at the Jin Shrine, planning treachery. Liu Shilong, district elder of Jinyang, learned of the plot and informed Gaozu, who quietly prepared his defenses.
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五月甲子，高祖與威、君雅視事，太宗密嚴兵於外，以備非常。 遣開陽府司馬劉政會告威等謀反，即斬之以徇，遂起義兵。 甲戌，遣劉文靜使於突厥始畢可汗，令率兵相應。 六月甲申，命太宗將兵徇西河，下之。 癸巳，建大將軍府，並置三軍，分為左右：以世子建成為隴西公、左領大都督，左統軍隸焉； 太宗為燉煌公、右領大都督，右統軍隸焉。 裴寂為大將軍府長史，劉文靜為司馬，石艾縣長殷開山為掾，劉政會為屬，長孫順德、劉弘基、竇琮等分為左右統軍。 開倉庫以賑窮乏，遠近響應。 秋七月壬子，高祖率兵西圖關中，以元吉為鎮北將軍、太原留守。 癸丑，發自太原，有兵三萬。 丙辰，師次靈石縣，營於賈胡堡。 隋武牙郎將宋老生屯霍邑以拒義師。 會霖雨積旬，饋運不給，高祖命旋師，太宗切諫乃止。 有白衣老父詣軍門曰：「余為霍山神使謁唐皇帝曰：『八月雨止，路出霍邑東南，吾當濟師。』 高祖曰：「此神不欺趙無恤，豈負我哉！」 八月辛巳，高祖引師趨霍邑，斬宋老生，平霍邑。 丙戌，進下臨汾郡及絳郡。 癸巳，至龍門，突厥始畢可汗遣康稍利率兵五百人、馬二千匹，與劉文靜會於麾下。 隋驍衛大將軍屈突通鎮河東，津梁斷絕，關中向義者頗以為阻。 河東水濱居人，競進舟楫，不謀而至，前後數百人。
On jiazi, the fifth month, Gaozu held court with Wei and Junya while Taizong secretly deployed troops outside against any surprise. He sent Liu Zhenghui, marshal of Kaiyang Prefecture, to accuse Wei and the others of treason, beheaded them as a warning, and raised the righteous army. On jiaxu he dispatched Liu Wenjing as envoy to the Göktürk Shibi Qaghan to request allied troops. On jiashen of the sixth month he ordered Taizong to lead troops west against Xihe and capture it. On guisi he established the Grand General's Headquarters with three armies, left and right: the heir Jiancheng became Duke of Longxi, Left Commander-in-Chief, commanding the left army; Taizong became Duke of Dunhuang, Right Commander-in-Chief, commanding the right army. Pei Ji served as chief clerk, Liu Wenjing as marshal, Yin Kaishan of Shiai as staff officer, Liu Zhenghui as aide, and Sun Shunde, Liu Hongji, Dou Cong, and others as left and right army commanders. They opened the granaries to relieve the poor, and men rallied from far and near. On renzi in the seventh month of autumn, Gaozu marched west toward Guanzhong, appointing Yuanji Garrison General of the North and left him to hold Taiyuan. On guichou he departed Taiyuan with an army of thirty thousand. On bingchen the army halted at Lingshi County and encamped at Jiahu Fort. The Sui martial guard officer Song Laosheng held Huoyi to block the righteous army. Rain fell for more than ten days; supply lines failed. Gaozu ordered a retreat, but Taizong urgently remonstrated and he held his course. An old man in white came to the camp gate and said, "I am envoy of Mount Huo, sent to tell the Tang Emperor: 'When the rains end in the eighth month, the road will open southeast of Huoyi—I shall aid your army. Gaozu said, "This spirit did not deceive Zhao Wuxu—surely it will not fail me!" On xinsi of the eighth month Gaozu advanced on Huoyi, beheaded Song Laosheng, and pacified the city. On bingxu he advanced and captured Linfen and Jiang commanderies. On guisi he reached Longmen. The Göktürk Shibi Qaghan sent Kang Shaoli with five hundred men and two thousand horses to join Liu Wenjing. The Sui Valiant Cavalry Grand General Qu Tu Tong held Hedong; the crossing was blocked, and sympathizers in Guanzhong were greatly hindered. People along the Hedong River vied to offer boats; hundreds came unbidden, one after another.
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九月壬寅，馮翊賊帥孫華、土門賊帥白玄度各率其眾送款，並具舟楫以待義師。 高祖令華與統軍王長諧、劉弘基引兵渡河。 屈突通遣其武牙郎將桑顯和率眾數千，夜襲長諧，義師不利。 太宗以游騎數百掩其後，顯和潰散，義軍復振。 丙辰，馮翊太守蕭造以郡來降。 戊午，高祖親率眾圍河東，屈突通自守不出，乃命攻城，不利而還。 文武將吏請高祖領太尉，加置僚佐，從之。 華陰令李孝常以永豐倉來降。 庚申，高祖率軍濟河，舍於長春宮。 三秦士庶至者日以千數，高祖禮之，咸過所望，人皆喜悅。 丙寅，遣隴西公建成、司馬劉文靜屯兵永豐倉，兼守潼關，以備他盜。 太宗率劉弘基、長孫順德等前後數萬人，自渭北徇三輔，所至皆下。 高祖從父弟神通起兵鄠縣，柴氏婦舉兵於司竹，至是並與太宗會。 郿縣賊帥丘師利、李仲文，盩厔賊帥何潘仁等，合眾數萬來降。 乙亥，命太宗自渭汭屯兵阿城，隴西公建成自新豐趣霸上。 高祖率大軍自下邽西上，經煬帝行宮園苑，悉罷之，宮女放還親屬。
On renyin of the ninth month, Sun Hua of Fengyi and Bai Xuandu of Tumen each led their bands to submit, providing boats for the righteous army. Gaozu ordered Hua, with army commanders Wang Changqi and Liu Hongji, to lead troops across the river. Qu Tu Tong sent his martial guard officer Sang Xianhe with several thousand men to raid Changqi by night; the righteous army suffered a setback. Taizong struck their rear with several hundred light horsemen; Xianhe broke and fled, and the army rallied. On bingchen Xiao Zao, Administrator of Fengyi, surrendered the commandery. On wuwu Gaozu personally besieged Hedong. Qu Tu Tong held the city and would not emerge; an assault failed and Gaozu withdrew. Civil and military officers asked Gaozu to assume the post of Grand Commandant with a full staff; he agreed. Li Xiaochang, magistrate of Huayin, surrendered Yongfeng Granary. On gengshen Gaozu crossed the river with his army and encamped at Changchun Palace. Gentry and commoners of the Three Qin arrived by the thousands daily; Gaozu received them with courtesy beyond their hopes, and all rejoiced. On bingyin he sent Duke of Longxi Jiancheng and Marshal Liu Wenjing to hold Yongfeng Granary and guard Tong Pass against other raiders. Taizong led Liu Hongji, Sun Shunde, and others—tens of thousands in all—from north of the Wei to sweep the Three Metropolises; every place they reached submitted. Gaozu's paternal cousin Shitong had raised troops in E County, and Lady Chai at Sizhu; now both joined Taizong. The bandit chiefs Qiu Shili and Li Zhongwen of Mei, and He Panren of Zhouzhi, brought several tens of thousands to surrender. On yihai he ordered Taizong to encamp at Acheng from the Wei bend, and Duke of Longxi Jiancheng to advance from Xinfeng toward Bashang. Gaozu led the main army west from Xiaji, passing Yangdi's touring palaces and parks; he abolished them and sent the palace women home to their families.
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冬十月辛巳，至長樂宮，有眾二十萬。 京師留守刑部尚書衛文昇、右翊衛將軍陰世師、京兆郡丞滑儀挾代王侑以拒義師。 高祖遣使至城下，諭以匡復之意，再三皆不報。 諸將固請圍城。 十一月丙辰，攻拔京城。 衛文昇先已病死，以陰世師、滑儀等拒義兵，並斬之。 癸亥，率百僚，備法駕，立代王侑為天子，遙尊煬帝為太上皇，大赦，改元為義寧。 甲子，隋帝詔加高祖假黃鉞、使持節、大都督內外諸軍事、大丞相，進封唐王，總錄萬機。 以武德殿為丞相府，改教為令。 以隴西公建成為唐國世子； 太宗為京兆尹，改封秦公； 姑臧公元吉為齊公。 十二月癸未，丞相府置長史、司錄已下官僚。 金城賊帥薛舉寇扶風，命太宗為元帥擊之。 遣趙郡公孝恭招慰山南，所至皆下。 癸巳，太宗大破薛舉之眾於扶風。 屈突通自潼關奔東都，劉文靜等追擒於閿鄉，虜其眾數萬。 河池太守蕭瑀以郡降。 丙午，遣雲陽令詹俊、武功縣正李仲袞徇巴蜀，下之。 武德元年二年春正月戊辰，世子建成為撫寧大將軍、東討元帥，太宗為副，總兵七萬，徇地東都。
On xinsi in the tenth month of winter he reached Changle Palace with two hundred thousand men. Wei Wensheng, Minister of Punishments and capital garrison commander, Yin Shishi of the Right Yiji Guard, and Hua Yi, Assistant Prefect of Jingzhao, held Prince Dai You and resisted the righteous army. Gaozu sent envoys to the walls to proclaim his intent to restore the dynasty; again and again they received no answer. The generals urgently pressed to besiege the capital. On bingchen of the eleventh month they stormed and took the capital. Wei Wensheng had already died of illness; Yin Shishi, Hua Yi, and others who had resisted the righteous army were beheaded. On guihai he led the officials in full imperial regalia to install Prince Dai You as emperor, honoring Yangdi from afar as Retired Emperor, proclaiming a general amnesty, and changing the era name to Yining. On jiazi the Sui emperor issued an edict granting Gaozu the provisional yellow axe, credentials as commissioner holding the staff of authority, and Grand Commandant over all military affairs, enfeoffing him as Prince of Tang with charge of state affairs. The Wude Hall became the princely chancellery; edicts were restyled as orders. Duke of Longxi Jiancheng was made Heir of Tang; Taizong was made Metropolitan Governor of Jingzhao and enfeoffed as Duke of Qin; Yuanji of Guzang was made Duke of Qi. On guwei of the twelfth month the princely chancellery established offices from chief clerk and registrar downward. Xue Ju, bandit chief of Jincheng, raided Fufeng; Gaozu ordered Taizong as supreme commander to attack him. He sent Duke of Zhao Commandery Xiaogong to win over the south of the mountains; every place submitted. On guisi Taizong won a great victory over Xue Ju's army at Fufeng. Qu Tu Tong fled east from Tong Pass; Liu Wenjing and others pursued and captured him at Wenxiang, taking tens of thousands prisoner. Xiao Yu, Administrator of Hechi, surrendered the commandery. On bingwu he sent Yunyang Magistrate Zhan Jun and Wugong District Director Li Zhonggun to subdue Ba and Shu. In the first year of Wude, in the spring of the first month, on the day wuchen, the heir Jiancheng was appointed Pacification Grand General and Eastern Campaign Commander-in-Chief, with Taizong as his deputy; together they led seventy thousand men against the eastern capital.
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二月，清河賊帥竇建德僭稱長樂王。 吳興人沈法興據丹陽起兵。
In the second month, Dou Jiande, bandit chief of Qinghe, presumptuously declared himself Prince of Changle. Shen Faxing of Wuxing raised troops and seized Danyang.
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三月丙辰，右屯衛將軍宇文化及弒隋太上皇於江都宮，立秦王浩為帝，自稱大丞相。 徙封太宗為趙國公。 戊辰，隋帝進高祖相國，總百揆，備九錫之禮。 唐國置丞相以下，立皇高祖已下四廟於長安通義里第。
On bingchen of the third month, Right Garrison General Yuwen Huaji assassinated the Sui Retired Emperor at Jiangdu Palace, installed Prince Hao of Qin as emperor, and styled himself Grand Chancellor. Taizong's enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Zhao. On wuchen the Sui emperor promoted Gaozu to Chancellor, put all state affairs in his hands, and granted him the full rites of the Nine Bestowals. The Tang regime created offices from chancellor down and established four ancestral temples—from Imperial Grandfather on—at the family estate in Tongyi Lane, Chang'an.
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夏四月辛卯，停竹使符，頒銀菟符於諸郡。 戊戌，世子建成及太宗自東都班師。
In the fourth month, on xinmao, bamboo envoy tallies were abolished and silver rabbit tallies distributed to the commanderies. On wuxu the heir Jiancheng and Taizong led their armies back in triumph from the eastern capital.
10
五月乙巳，天子詔高祖冕十有二旒，建天子旌旗，出警入蹕。 王后、王女爵命之號，一遵舊典。 戊午，隋帝詔曰：
On yisi in the fifth month the Son of Heaven decreed that Gaozu might wear a twelve-tassel crown, raise the imperial standard, and travel with full imperial escort. Titles for the queen and imperial daughters followed the former regulations. On wuwu the Sui emperor promulgated an edict:
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遣使持節、兼太保、邢部尚書、光祿大夫、梁郡公蕭造，兼太尉、司農少卿裴之隱奉皇帝璽綬於高祖。 高祖辭讓，百僚上表勸進，至於再三，乃從之。 隋帝遜於舊邸。 改大興殿為太極殿。
He dispatched envoys holding the staff of authority: Xiao Zao, concurrent Grand Tutor and Minister of Punishments, Duke of Liang, and Pei Zhiyin of the Court of the Imperial Granaries, to deliver the imperial seal and cord to Gaozu. Gaozu refused. The officials memorialized again and again urging him to take the throne; only after repeated pleas did he yield. The Sui emperor withdrew to his former palace. Daxing Hall was renamed the Hall of Supreme Pole.
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甲子，高祖即皇帝位於太極殿，命刑部尚書蕭造兼太尉，告於南郊，大赦天下，改隋義寧二年為唐武德元年。 官人百姓，賜爵一級。 義師所行之處，給復三年。 罷郡置州，改太守為刺史。 丁卯，宴百官於太極殿，賜帛有差。 東都留守官共立隋越王侗為帝。 壬申，命相國長史裴寂等修律令。
On jiazi Gaozu ascended the throne in Taiji Hall, had Xiao Zao announce the mandate at the southern altar, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era from Sui Yining 2 to Tang Wude 1. Every official and commoner was granted one step in noble rank. Every district the righteous army had traversed received three years of tax relief. Commanderies were abolished in favor of prefectures, and grand administrators became prefects. On dingmao he held a feast for the court in Taiji Hall and distributed silk according to rank. The officials holding the eastern capital together enthroned the Sui Prince of Yue, Yang Tong. On renshen he charged Pei Ji, chief clerk of the grand chancellery, and others with revising the law code.
13
六月甲戌，太宗為尚書令，相國府長史裴寂為尚書右僕射，相國府司馬劉文靜為納言，隋民部尚書蕭瑀、相國府司錄竇威並為內史令。 廢隋《大業律令》，頒新格。 己卯，備法駕，迎皇高祖宣簡公已下神主，祔於太廟。 追謚妃竇氏為太穆皇后，陵曰壽安。 庚辰，立世子建成為後太子。 封太宗為秦王，齊國公元吉為齊王。 封宗室蜀國公孝基為永安王，柱國公道玄為淮陽王，長平公叔良為長平王，鄭國公神通為永康王，安吉公神符為襄邑王，柱國德良為長樂王，上開府道素為竟陵王，上柱國博乂為隴西王，奉慈為渤海王。 諸州總管加號使持節。 癸未，封隋帝為酅國公。 薛舉寇涇州，命秦王為西討元帥征之。 改封永康王神通為淮安王。 壬辰，加秦王雍州牧，餘官如故。 辛丑，內史令竇威卒。
On jiaxu in the sixth month Taizong was made Director of the Department of State Affairs; Pei Ji became Right Vice Director; Liu Wenjing, Censor-in-Chief; and Xiao Yu and Dou Wei both Directors of the Palace Secretariat. The Sui Daye legal code was repealed and a new set of regulations issued. On jimao, with full imperial ceremony, they brought the spirit tablets of Imperial Grandfather Xuanjian and his successors to the imperial ancestral temple. Consort Dou was posthumously titled Grand Empress Zhaomu and buried at Shou'an. On gengchen Jiancheng was installed as crown prince. Taizong was created Prince of Qin and Yuanji Prince of Qi. The clan was enfeoffed: Xiaoji as Prince of Yong'an, Daoxuan as Prince of Huaiyang, Shuliang as Prince of Changping, Shitong as Prince of Yongkang, Shenfu as Prince of Xiangyi, Deliang as Prince of Changle, Daosu as Prince of Jingling, Boyi as Prince of Longxi, and Fengci as Prince of Bohai. Prefectural military commissioners were granted the added title of commissioner holding the staff of authority. On guimao the former Sui emperor was created Duke of Xi. Xue Ju raided Jing Prefecture; the Prince of Qin was appointed supreme commander of the western expedition against him. Prince of Yongkang Shitong was retitled Prince of Huai'an. On renchen the Prince of Qin was also appointed Governor of Yongzhou, retaining his other offices. On xinchou Dou Wei, Director of the Palace Secretariat, died.
14
秋七月丙午，刑部尚書蕭造為太子太保。 追封皇子玄霸為衛王。 西突厥遣使內附。 秦王與薛舉大戰於涇州，我師敗績。
In the seventh month of autumn, on bingwu, Xiao Zao was appointed Grand Tutor to the crown prince. The deceased Prince Xuanba was posthumously created Prince of Wei. The Western Turks sent envoys to swear allegiance. The Prince of Qin met Xue Ju in a great battle at Jingzhou and was defeated.
15
八月壬午，薛舉死，其子仁杲復僭稱帝，命秦王為元帥以討之。 丁亥，詔曰：「隋太常卿高熲、上柱國賀若弼，並抗節不阿，矯枉無撓； 司隸大夫薛道衡、刑部尚書宇文弼、左翊衛將軍董純，並懷忠抱義，以陷極刑：宜從褒飾，以慰泉壤。 熲可贈上柱國、郯國公，弼贈上柱國、杞國公，各令有司加謚； 道衡贈上開府、臨河縣公，贈上開府、平昌縣公，純贈柱國、狄道縣公。」 又詔曰：「隋右驍衛大將軍李金才、左光祿大夫李敏，並鼎族高門，元功世胄，橫受屠殺，朝野稱冤。 然李氏將興，天祚有應，冥契深隱，妄肆誅夷。 朕受命君臨，志存刷蕩，申冤旌善，無忘寤寐。 金才可贈上柱國、申國公，敏可贈柱國、觀國公。 又前代酷濫，子孫被流者，並放還鄉里。」 涼州賊帥李軌以其地來降，拜涼州總管，封涼王。
On renwu in the eighth month Xue Ju died. His son Ren Gao again proclaimed himself emperor, and the Prince of Qin was named supreme commander to crush him. On dinghai an edict read: "Gao Jiong, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness under the Sui, and He Ruobi, Upper Pillar Duke, were men of unbending integrity who refused to yield and would not be turned aside. Xue Daoheng, Supervisor of the Capital, Yuwen Bi, Minister of Punishments, and Dong Chun, general of the Left Yiji Guard, were loyal men who died unjustly—the court should honor them and ease their spirits below. Jiong was posthumously made Upper Pillar Duke and Duke of Tan; Bi Upper Pillar Duke and Duke of Qi; the proper offices were to assign their posthumous names. Daoheng was raised to Upper Opener and Duke of Linhe; Bi to Upper Opener and Duke of Pingchang; and Chun to Pillar Duke and Duke of Didao." Another edict declared: "Li Jincai, Sui Right Valiant Cavalry Grand General, and Li Min, Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, came from great clans and long service, yet were put to death—everyone knew the charge was false. The Li were fated to rule; Heaven had already chosen them, yet obscure prophecies were used as pretext for a wholesale slaughter. Now that I hold the mandate, I mean to clear away these wrongs, vindicate the innocent, and reward the loyal—I have not ceased to think of it night or day. Jincai was posthumously made Upper Pillar Duke and Duke of Shen; Min Pillar Duke and Duke of Guan. Descendants exiled under earlier reigns for harsh sentences were also pardoned and sent home." Li Gui, rebel leader in Liangzhou, surrendered his domain and was appointed military commissioner of Liangzhou with the title Prince of Liang.
16
九月乙巳，親錄囚徒，改銀菟符為銅魚符。 辛未，追謚隋太上皇為煬帝。 宇文化及至魏州，鴆殺秦王浩，僭稱天子，國號許。
On yisi in the ninth month he reviewed prisoners in person and replaced silver rabbit tallies with bronze fish tallies. On xinwei the retired Sui sovereign was given the posthumous name Emperor Yang. At Weizhou Yuwen Huaji poisoned Prince Hao of Qin, seized the title of emperor, and proclaimed the state of Xu.
17
冬十月壬申朔，日有蝕之。 李密率眾來降。 封皇從父弟襄武公琛為襄武王，黃臺公瑗為廬江王。 癸巳，詔行傅仁均所造《戊寅歷》。
On the new moon of the tenth winter month there was an eclipse of the sun. Li Mi came over with his army. The Emperor's cousin Chen was created Prince of Xiangwu and Yuan Prince of Lujiang. On guisi the court decreed use of Fu Renjun's Wuyin Calendar.
18
十一月己酉，以京師穀貴，令四面入關者，車馬牛驢各給課米，充其自食。 秦王大破薛仁杲於淺水原，降之，隴右平。 乙巳，涼王李軌僭稱天子於涼州。 詔頒五十三條格，以約法緩刑。
On jiyou, with grain scarce in the capital, travelers entering the passes from every direction received rations of tax grain for their draft animals. The Prince of Qin shattered Xue Ren Gao at Qianshui Plain, took his surrender, and pacified the west. On yisi Li Gui, Prince of Liang, declared himself emperor at Liangzhou. The court issued fifty-three articles of administrative law to narrow the code and lighten penalties.
19
十二月壬申，加秦王太尉、陜東道大行臺。 丁丑，封上柱國李孝常為義安王。 庚子，李密反於桃林，行軍總管盛彥師追討斬之。 武德二年二年春正月乙卯，初令文官遭父母喪者聽去職。 黃門侍郎陳叔達兼納言。
On renshen in the twelfth month the Prince of Qin was also made Grand Commandant and head of the Shandong circuit office. On dingchou Li Xiaochang was created Prince of Yi'an. On gengzi Li Mi rebelled at Taolin; Sheng Yanshi, campaign general, hunted him down and executed him. In the second year of Wude, on yimao of the first spring month, civil officials were for the first time allowed to resign and observe mourning for their parents. Chen Shuda, Vice Director of the Yellow Gate, was also appointed Censor-in-Chief.
20
二月丙戌，詔天下諸宗人無職任者，不在徭役之限，每州置宗師一人，以相統攝。 丁酉，竇建德攻宇文化及於聊城，斬之，傳首突厥。
On bingxu an edict freed unemployed clansmen empire-wide from corvée and ordered each prefecture to name a clan director to supervise them. On dingyou Dou Jiande besieged Yuwen Huaji at Liaocheng, killed him, and forwarded his head to the Turks.
21
閏月辛丑，劉武周侵我并州。 己酉，李密舊將徐世勣以黎陽之眾及河南十郡降，授黎州總管，封曹國公，賜姓李氏。 庚戌，上微行都邑，以察氓俗，即日還宮。 甲寅，賊帥硃粲殺我使散騎常侍段確，奔洛陽。
In the intercalary month, on xinchou, Liu Wuzhou raided Bingzhou. On jiyou Xu Shiji, once Li Mi's lieutenant, surrendered with the army at Liyang and ten Henan commanderies; he was made military commissioner of Li, created Duke of Cao, and given the imperial surname Li. On gengxu the Emperor went about the capital incognito to see how the people lived, then returned to the palace the same day. On jiayin the rebel Zhu Can murdered the envoy Duan Que and fled to Luoyang.
22
夏四月乙巳，王世充篡越王侗位，僭稱天子，國號鄭。 辛亥，李軌為其偽尚書安興貴所執以降，河右平。 突厥始畢可汗死。
On yisi in the fourth month Wang Shichong deposed Yang Tong and declared himself emperor of Zheng. On xinhai Li Gui was betrayed and captured by his minister An Xinggui; the northwest submitted. Shibi Qaghan of the Turks died.
23
五月己卯，酅國公薨，追崇為隋帝，謚曰恭。
On jimao the Duke of Xi died and was posthumously honored as Emperor Gong of Sui.
24
六月戊戌，令國子學立周公、孔子廟，四時致祭，仍博求其後。 癸亥，尚書右僕射裴寂為晉州道行軍總管，以討劉武周。
On wuxu the court ordered the imperial academy to build temples to the Duke of Zhou and Confucius with seasonal rites, and to search out their descendants. On guihai Pei Ji was appointed commander of the Jinzhou expedition against Liu Wuzhou.
25
秋七月壬申，置十二軍，以關內諸府分隸焉。 王世充遣其將羅士信侵我穀州，士信率其眾來降。 西突厥葉護可汗及高昌並遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month of autumn, on renshen, twelve armies were formed and the Guanzhong prefectures were divided among them. Wang Shichong sent Luo Shixin against Gu Prefecture, but Shixin defected with his men. The Western Turk qaghan and the king of Gaochang both sent tribute missions.
26
九月辛未，賊帥李子通據江都，僭稱天子，國號吳。 沈法興據毗陵，僭稱梁王。 丁丑，和州賊帥杜伏威遣使來降，授和州總管、東南道行臺尚書令，封楚王。 裴寂與劉武周將宋金剛戰於介州，我師敗績，右武衛大將軍姜寶誼死之。 并州總管、齊王元吉懼武周所逼，奔於京師，并州陷。 乙未，京師地震。
On xinwei Li Zitong seized Jiangdu, proclaimed himself emperor, and named his state Wu. Shen Faxing occupied Piling and declared himself Prince of Liang. On dingchou Du Fuwei of Hezhou submitted; he was made military commissioner of He, head of the southeast circuit, and Prince of Chu. Pei Ji met Song Jingang, Liu Wuzhou's general, at Jiezhou and was beaten; Jiang Baoyi, grand general of the Right Martial Guard, was killed. Prince of Qi Yuanji, military commissioner of Bingzhou, fled to Chang'an before Liu Wuzhou's advance, and Bingzhou was lost. On yiwei an earthquake struck the capital.
27
冬十月己亥。 封幽州總管羅藝為燕郡王，賜姓李氏。 黃門侍郎楊恭仁為納言。 殺民部尚書、魯國公劉文靜。 乙卯，討劉武周，軍於蒲州，為諸軍聲援。 壬子，劉武周進圍晉州。 甲子，上親祠華嶽。
Tenth month of winter, day jihai. Luo Yi, military commissioner of Youzhou, was created Prince of Yan and given the surname Li. Yang Gongren, Vice Director of the Yellow Gate, was appointed Censor-in-Chief. Liu Wenjing, Minister of Revenue and Duke of Lu, was put to death. On yimao the Emperor marched against Liu Wuzhou and encamped at Puzhou to support the front-line armies. On renzi Liu Wuzhou pressed the siege of Jinzhou. On jiazi the Emperor worshipped at Mount Hua in person.
28
十一月丙子，竇建德陷黎陽，盡有山東之地。 淮安王神通、左武候大將軍李世勣皆沒於賊。
On bingzi Dou Jiande captured Liyang and seized the entire Shandong region. Prince of Huai'an Shitong and Li Shiji, grand general of the Left Martial Guard, both fell into rebel hands.
29
十二月丙申，永安王孝基、工部尚書獨孤懷恩、總管於筠為劉武周將宋金剛掩襲，並沒焉。 甲辰，狩於華山。 壬子，大風拔木。 武德三年三年春正月辛巳，幸蒲州，命祀舜廟。 癸巳，至自蒲州。 甲午，李世勣於竇建德所自拔歸國。 建德僭稱夏王。
On bingshen Xiaoji, Prince of Yong'an, Works Minister Dugu Huai'en, and Supervisor Yu Yun were ambushed by Song Jingang and captured or killed. On jiachen he held a hunt on Mount Hua. On renzi a violent gale uprooted trees. In the third year of Wude, on xinsi of the first spring month, he went to Puzhou and commanded offerings at the temple of Emperor Shun. On guisi he came back from Puzhou. On jiawu Li Shiji escaped from Dou Jiande and made his way back to Tang territory. Dou Jiande proclaimed himself Prince of Xia.
30
二月丁酉，京師西南地有聲如山崩。 庚子，幸華陰。 工部尚書獨孤懷恩謀反，伏誅。
On dingyou in the second month a rumble like a landslide was heard southwest of the capital. On gengzi the Emperor went to Huayin. Dugu Huai'en, Minister of Works, plotted rebellion and was put to death.
31
三月癸酉，西突厥葉護可汗、高昌王曲伯雅遣使朝貢。 突厥貢條支巨鳥。 己卯，改納言為侍中，內史令為中書令，給事郎為給事中。 甲戌，內史侍郎封德彞兼中書令。 封賊帥劉孝真為彭城王，賜姓李氏。
In the third month, on guiyou, the Western Turk qaghan Yabghu and Qu Boya, king of Gaochang, sent tribute missions to court. The Turks presented a great bird from the western land of Tiaozhi. On jimao the titles Nayan, Inner Scribe Director, and Gentlemen of the Secretariat were renamed Palace Attendant, Director of the Palace Secretariat, and Attendants of the Masters of Writing. On jiaxu Feng Deyi, Vice Director of the Inner Scribe, was also appointed Director of the Palace Secretariat. Liu Xiaozhen, a rebel leader, was created Prince of Pengcheng and given the imperial surname Li.
32
夏四月壬寅，至自華陰。 於益州置行臺尚書省。 甲寅，加秦王益州道行臺尚書令。 秦王大破宋金剛於介州，金剛與劉武周俱奔突厥，遂平并州。 偽總管尉遲敬德、尋相以介州降。
In the fourth month, on renyin, he returned from Huayin. A regional headquarters of the Department of State Affairs was established in Yi Province. On jiayin the Prince of Qin was also appointed head of the Yi Province circuit headquarters. The Prince of Qin routed Song Jingang at Jiezhou; Jingang and Liu Wuzhou fled to the Turks, and Bingzhou was recovered. The rebel commissioners Yuchi Jingde and Xun Xiang surrendered Jiezhou.
33
六月壬辰，徙封楚王杜伏威為吳王，賜姓李氏，加授東南道行臺尚書令。 丙午，親錄囚徒。 封皇子元景為趙王，元昌為魯王，元亨為酆王； 皇孫承宗為太原王，承道為安陸王，承乾為恆山王，恪為長沙王，泰為宜都王。
In the sixth month, on renchen, Du Fuwei was retitled Prince of Wu, given the surname Li, and made head of the southeast circuit headquarters. On bingwu he reviewed prisoners in person. Yuanjing was created Prince of Zhao, Yuanchang Prince of Lu, and Yuanheng Prince of Feng; and the Emperor's grandsons Chengzong, Chengdao, Chengqian, Ke, and Tai were created princes of Taiyuan, Anlu, Hengshan, Changsha, and Yidu.
34
秋七月壬戌，命秦王率諸軍討王世充。 遣皇太子鎮蒲州，以備突厥。 丙申，突厥殺劉武周於白道。
In the seventh month, on renxu, he ordered the Prince of Qin to lead the armies against Wang Shichong. The crown prince was posted at Puzhou to guard against the Turks. On bingshen the Turks killed Liu Wuzhou on the Baidao road.
35
冬十月庚子，懷戍賊帥高開道遣使降，授蔚州總管，封北平郡王，賜姓李氏。 武德四年四年春正月丁卯，竇建德行臺尚書令胡大恩以大安鎮來降，封定襄郡王，賜姓李氏。 辛巳，命皇太子總統諸軍討稽胡。
In the tenth winter month, on gengzi, Gao Kaidao of Huairou submitted; he was made military commissioner of Youzhou, created Prince of Yanping, and given the surname Li. In the fourth year of Wude, on dingmao of the first spring month, Hu Da'en, director of Dou Jiande's field secretariat, surrendered Da'an garrison, was created Prince of Dingxiang, and given the surname Li. On xinsi the crown prince was appointed supreme commander against the Ji Hu.
36
三月，徙封宜都王泰為衛王。 竇建德來援王世充，攻陷我管州。
In the third month Prince Tai of Yidu was retitled Prince of Wei. Dou Jiande marched to relieve Wang Shichong and seized Guanzhou.
37
夏四月甲寅，封皇子元方為周王，元禮為鄭王，元嘉為宋王，元則為荊王，元茂為越王。 初置都護府官員。
In the fourth month, on jiayin, Yuanfang was created Prince of Zhou, Yuanli of Zheng, Yuanjia of Song, Yuanze of Jing, and Yuanmao of Yue. The Protectorate office was staffed for the first time.
38
五月己未，秦王大破竇建德之眾於武牢，擒建德，河北悉平。 丙寅，王世充舉東都降，河南平。
In the fifth month, on jiwei, the Prince of Qin shattered Dou Jiande at Hulao, took him prisoner, and pacified Hebei. On bingyin Wang Shichong surrendered Luoyang, and the Henan region submitted.
39
秋七月甲子，秦王凱旋，獻俘於太廟。 丁卯，大赦天下。 廢五銖錢，行開元通寶錢。 斬竇建德於市； 流王世充於蜀，未發，為仇人所害。 甲戌，建德餘黨劉黑闥據漳南反。 置山東道行臺尚書省於洺州。
In the seventh month, on jiazi, the Prince of Qin returned in triumph and offered prisoners at the ancestral temple. On dingmao the court proclaimed a general amnesty. The old five-zhu coinage was abolished and the Kaiyuan tongbao coin introduced. Dou Jiande was beheaded in public; Wang Shichong was exiled to Shu but was killed by a foe before he could depart. On jiaxu Liu Heida, a survivor of Jiande's cause, rose in the Zhangnan region. A Shandong circuit headquarters was established at Mingzhou.
40
八月，兗州總管徐圓朗舉兵反，以應劉黑闥，僭稱魯王。
In the eighth month Xu Yuanlang, military commissioner of Yanzhou, rebelled in support of Liu Heida and proclaimed himself Prince of Lu.
41
冬十月己丑，加秦王天策上將，位在王公上，領司徒、陜東道大行臺尚書令； 齊王元吉為司空。 乙巳，趙郡王孝恭平荊州，獲蕭銑。
On jichou the Prince of Qin was made Celestial-Strategy Supreme General, senior to all princes and dukes, and retained the posts of Minister of Education and head of the Shaanxi east circuit; Prince of Qi Yuanji was appointed Minister of Works. On yisi Prince of Zhao Commandery Xiaogong pacified Jingzhou and captured Xiao Xian.
42
十一月甲申，於洺州置大行臺，廢洺州都督府。 庚寅，焚東都紫微宮乾陽殿。 會稽賊帥李子通以其地來降。
On jiashen a grand field headquarters was set up at Mingzhou and the local military commissionerate was abolished. On gengyin the Qianyang Hall of Luoyang's Ziwei Palace was burned down. Li Zitong of Kuaiji submitted his territory.
43
十二月丁卯，命秦王及齊王元吉討劉黑闥。 壬申，徙封宋王元嘉為徐王。 武德五年五年春正月丙申，劉黑闥據洺州，僭稱漢東王。
On dingmao he ordered the Prince of Qin and Prince of Qi Yuanji to campaign against Liu Heida. On renshen Prince Yuanjia of Song was retitled Prince of Xu. In the fifth year of Wude, on bingshen of the first spring month, Liu Heida seized Mingzhou and proclaimed himself Prince of Handong.
44
三月丁未，秦王破劉黑闥於洺水上，盡復所陷州縣，黑闥亡奔突厥。 蔚州總管、北平王高開道叛，寇易州。
In the third month, on dingwei, the Prince of Qin routed Liu Heida on the Ming River, recovered the lost districts, and Heida fled to the Turks. Gao Kaidao, military commissioner of Youzhou and Prince of Northern Peace, rebelled and raided Yizhou.
45
夏四月庚戌，秦王還京師，高祖迎勞於長樂宮。 壬申，代州總管、定襄郡王大恩為虜所敗，戰死。
In the fourth month, on gengxu, the Prince of Qin returned to Chang'an; Gaozu met him at Changle Palace with honors. On renshen Hu Da'en, military commissioner of Daizhou and Prince of Dingxiang, was defeated by the Turks and killed.
46
六月，劉黑闥引突厥寇山東。 置諫議大夫官員。
In the sixth month Liu Heida brought Turk raiders into Shandong. The office of remonstrating and consulting grand master was created.
47
秋七月丁亥，吳王伏威來朝。 隋漢陽太守馮盎以南越之地來降，嶺表悉定。
In the seventh month, on dinghai, Prince of Wu Fuwei presented himself at court. Feng Ang, former Sui administrator of Hanyang, surrendered the far south, and Lingnan was pacified.
48
八月辛亥，以洺、荊、並、幽、交五州為大總管府。 改封恆山王承乾為中山王。 葬隋煬帝於揚州。 丙辰，突厥頡利寇雁門。 己未，進寇朔州。 遣皇太子及秦王討擊，大敗之。
On xinhai Ming, Jing, Bing, You, and Jiao were made grand military commissionerates. Prince Chengqian of Hengshan was retitled Prince of Zhongshan. The Sui Emperor Yang was buried at Yangzhou. On bingchen the Turk qaghan Jieli raided Yanmen. On jiwei he pressed on and raided Shuozhou. The crown prince and the Prince of Qin were dispatched against him and won a great victory.
49
冬十月癸酉，遣齊王元吉擊劉黑闥於洺州。 時山東州縣多為黑闥所守，所在殺長吏以應之。 行軍總管、淮陽王道玄與黑闥戰於下博，道玄敗沒。
In the tenth winter month, on guiyou, Prince of Qi Yuanji was sent against Liu Heida at Mingzhou. Many Shandong districts still answered to Heida, and local magistrates were murdered wherever men rose for him. Li Daoxuan, Prince of Huaiyang and campaign commander, met Liu Heida at Xiabo and was defeated and killed.
50
十一月甲申，命皇太子率兵討劉黑闥。 丙申，幸宜州，簡閱將士。
On jiashen the crown prince was appointed to command the campaign against Liu Heida. On bingshen he went to Yizhou to review the army.
51
十二月丙辰，校獵於華池。 庚申，至自宜州。 皇太子破劉黑闥於魏州，斬之，山東平。 武德六年六年春正月，吳王杜伏威為太子太保。
On bingchen he hunted at Huachi. On gengshen he returned from Yizhou. The crown prince defeated Liu Heida at Weizhou, executed him, and pacified Shandong. In the sixth year of Wude, in the first spring month, Prince of Wu Du Fuwei was made Grand Preceptor to the crown prince.
52
二月辛亥，校獵於驪山。
In the second month, on xinhai, he hunted on Mount Li.
53
三月乙未，幸昆明池，宴百官。
In the third month, on yiwei, he visited Kunming Pool and gave a feast for the court.
54
夏四月己未，舊宅改為通義宮，曲赦京城系囚，於是置酒高會，賜從官帛各有差。 癸酉，以尚書右僕射、魏國公裴寂為左僕射，中書令、宋國公蕭瑀為右僕射，侍中、觀國公楊恭仁為吏部尚書。
In the fourth month, on jiwei, the family estate became Tongyi Palace; capital prisoners received a partial pardon; the court then held a great banquet and distributed silk by rank. On guiyou Pei Ji, Duke of Wei and Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, became Left Vice Director; Xiao Yu, Duke of Song and Director of the Palace Secretariat, became Right Vice Director; and Yang Gongren, Duke of Guan and Palace Attendant, became Minister of Personnel.
55
秋七月，突厥頡利寇朔州，遣皇太子及秦王屯并州以備之。
In the seventh month the Turk qaghan Jieli raided Shuozhou; the crown prince and the Prince of Qin were posted at Bingzhou on guard.
56
八月壬子，東南道行臺僕射輔公祏據丹陽反，僭稱宋王，遣趙郡王孝恭及嶺南道大使、永康縣公李靖討之。 丙寅，吐谷渾內附。
On renzi Fu Gongshi, vice director of the southeast circuit, seized Danyang and proclaimed himself Prince of Song; Prince of Zhao Commandery Xiaogong and Li Jing, Duke of Yongkang and ambassador of the Lingnan circuit, were sent to crush him. On bingyin the Tuyuhun submitted to Tang rule.
57
九月丙子，突厥退，皇太子班師。 改東都為洛州。 高開道引突厥寇幽州。
On bingzi the Turks withdrew and the crown prince returned with the army. Luoyang was redesignated Luo Prefecture. Gao Kaidao brought Turk raiders against Youzhou.
58
冬十月，幸華陰。
In the tenth winter month he went to Huayin.
59
十一月，校獵於沙苑。
In the eleventh month he hunted in Shayuan.
60
十二月乙巳，以奉義監為龍躍宮，武功宅為慶善宮。 甲寅，至自華陰。 武德七年七年春正月己酉，封高麗王高武為遼東郡王，百濟王扶餘璋為帶方郡王，新羅王金真平為樂浪郡王。
On yisi the Fengyi Palace became Longyue Palace and the Wugong estate became Qingshan Palace. On jiayin he returned to the capital from Huayin. In the seventh year of Wude, on jiyou of the first spring month, Gao Wu of Goguryeo was created Prince of Liaodong, Buyeo Zhang of Baekje Prince of Daifang, and Kim Jeong-pyeong of Silla Prince of Lelang.
61
二月，高開道為部將張金樹所殺，以其地降。 丁巳，幸國子學，親臨釋奠。 改大總管府為大都督府。 吳王伏威薨。
In the second month Gao Kaidao was killed by his officer Zhang Jinshu, who then submitted the territory. On dingsi he visited the imperial academy and performed the libation rite in person. Grand military commissionerates were renamed grand protectorates. Du Fuwei, Prince of Wu, died.
62
三月戊寅，廢尚書省六司侍郎，增吏部郎中秩正四品，掌選事。 戊戌，趙郡王孝恭大破輔公祏，擒之，丹陽平。
On wuyin the six vice-directorships of the Masters of Writing were abolished; directors in the Ministry of Personnel were raised to the fourth rank and put in charge of appointments. On wuxu Prince of Zhao Commandery Xiaogong shattered Fu Gongshi, took him alive, and pacified Danyang.
63
夏四月庚子，大赦天下，頒行新律令。 以天下大定，詔遭父母喪者聽終制。
In the fourth month, on gengzi, the court proclaimed a general amnesty and issued the new law code. With the empire at peace, an edict permitted officials in mourning for parents to serve out the full term.
64
五月，造仁智宮於宜州之宜君縣。 李世勣討徐圓朗，平之。
In the fifth month Renzhi Palace was built at Yijun in Yizhou. Li Shiji campaigned against Xu Yuanlang and subdued him.
65
六月辛丑，幸仁智宮。
In the sixth month, on xinchou, he went to Renzhi Palace.
66
秋七月甲午，至自仁智宮。 巂州地震山崩，江水咽流。
In the seventh month, on jiawu, he returned from Renzhi Palace. An earthquake struck Xizhou; mountains collapsed and the river was blocked.
67
八月戊辰，突厥寇并州，京師戒嚴。 壬午，突厥退。 乙未，京師解嚴。
On wuchen the Turks raided Bingzhou and Chang'an was placed under guard. On rengwu the Turk raiders retreated. On yiwei the capital stood down from alert.
68
冬十月丁卯，幸慶善宮。 癸酉，幸終南山，謁老子廟。
In the tenth winter month, on dingmao, he went to Qingshan Palace. On guiyou he went to Mount Zhongnan and made offering at the temple of Laozi.
69
十一月戊辰，校獵於高陵。 庚午，至自慶善宮。 武德八年八年春二月己巳，親錄囚徒，多所原宥。
In the eleventh month, on wuchen, he held a hunt at Gaoling. On gengwu he came back from Qing Shan Palace. In the eighth year of Wude, on jisi of the second spring month, he personally examined prisoners and granted many pardons.
70
夏四月，造太和宮於終南山。
In the fourth summer month work began on Taihe Palace in the Zhongnan range.
71
六月甲子，幸太和宮。 突厥寇定州，命皇太子往幽州，秦王往并州，以備突厥。
In the sixth month, on jiazi, he went to Taihe Palace. When the Turks struck Dingzhou, he sent the crown prince to Youzhou and the Prince of Qin to Bingzhou to meet the threat.
72
八月，并州道總管張公謹與突厥戰於太谷，王師敗績，中書令溫彥博沒於賊。
In the eighth month Zhang Gongjin, commander on the Bingzhou front, met the Turks at Taigu and was routed; Secretariat Director Wen Yanbo fell into enemy hands.
73
九月，突厥退。 冬十月辛巳，幸周氏陂校獵，因幸龍躍宮。
By the ninth month the Turks had pulled back. On xinsi in the tenth winter month he hunted at the Zhou clan embankment, then continued to Longyue Palace.
74
十一月辛卯，幸宜州。 庚子，講武於同官縣。 改封蜀王元軌為吳王，漢王元慶為陳王。 加授秦王中書令，齊王元吉侍中。 天策上將府司馬宇文士及權檢校侍中。
In the eleventh month, on xinmao, he went to Yizhou. On gengzi he drilled the troops at Tongguan County. Prince of Shu Yuan Gui was made Prince of Wu, and Prince of Han Yuan Qing was made Prince of Chen. The Prince of Qin was given the additional post of Secretariat Director; Prince of Qi Yuan Ji was made Palace Attendant. Yuwen Shiji, marshal of the Heavenly Stratagem headquarters, was appointed acting Secretariat Director.
75
十二月辛酉，至自宜州。 武德九年九年春正月丙寅，命州縣修城隍，備突厥。 尚書左僕射、魏國公裴寂為司空。
In the twelfth month, on xinyou, he came back from Yizhou. In the ninth year of Wude, on bingyin of the first spring month, he ordered every prefecture and county to repair its defenses against the Turks. Pei Ji, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Duke of Wei, was appointed Minister of Works.
76
二月庚申，加齊王元吉為司徒。 戊寅，親祠社稷。
In the second month, on gengshen, Prince of Qi Yuan Ji was also made Minister of Education. On wuyin he offered sacrifice at the altars of soil and grain in person.
77
三月辛卯，幸昆明池。 夏五月辛巳，以京師寺觀不甚清凈，詔曰：
In the third month, on xinmao, he went to Kunming Pool. In the fifth summer month, on xinsi, finding the capital's temples and monasteries less than pure, he issued an edict:
78
六月庚申，秦王以皇太子建成與齊王元吉同謀害己，率兵誅之。 詔立秦王為皇太子，繼統萬機，大赦天下。
In the sixth month, on gengshen, the Prince of Qin, claiming that Crown Prince Jiancheng and Prince of Qi Yuan Ji had conspired to kill him, marched out and put them to death. By edict the Prince of Qin was made crown prince and given the reins of government; the empire received a general amnesty.
79
八月癸亥，詔傳位於皇太子。 尊帝為太上皇，徙居弘義宮，改名太安宮。
In the eighth month, on guihai, an edict ceded the throne to the crown prince. Gaozu was styled Retired Emperor, removed to Hongyi Palace—renamed Tai'an Palace.
80
貞觀八年三月甲戌，高祖宴西突厥使者於兩儀殿，顧謂長孫無忌曰：「當今蠻夷率服，古未嘗有。」 無忌上千萬歲壽。 高祖大悅，以酒賜太宗。 太宗又奉觴上壽，流涕而言曰：「百姓獲安，四夷咸附，皆奉遵聖旨，豈臣之力！」 於是太宗與文德皇后互進御膳，並上服御衣物，一同家人常禮。 是歲，閱武於城西，高祖親自臨視，勞將士而還。 置酒於未央宮，三品已上咸侍。
In the eighth year of Zhenguan, on jiaxu of the third month, Gaozu feasted Western Turk envoys in the Hall of Two Principles and said to Zhangsun Wuji: "Never in antiquity have all the outer peoples submitted as they do today." Wuji raised the toast wishing him ten thousand years. Gaozu was delighted and sent wine to Taizong. Taizong raised his cup in turn, weeping: "The people are safe and the four quarters submit—all because they follow your command. What is that to my credit?" Then Taizong and Empress Wende served one another from the imperial table, offered clothing and personal gifts, and behaved with the easy manners of kin. That year troops were reviewed west of the city; Gaozu watched in person, praised the soldiers, and returned. He gave a banquet in Weiyang Palace; every official of the third rank and above was in attendance.
81
高祖命突厥頡利可汗起舞，又遣南越酋長馮智戴詠詩，既而笑曰：「胡、越一家，自古未之有也。」 太宗奉觴上壽曰：「臣早蒙慈訓，教以文道； 爰從義旗，平定京邑。 重以薛舉、武周、世充、建德，皆上稟睿算，幸而克定。 三數年間，混一區宇。 天慈崇寵，遂蒙重任。 今上天垂祐，時和歲阜，被發左衽，並為臣妾。 此豈臣智力，皆由上稟聖算。」 高祖大悅，群臣皆呼萬歲，極夜方罷。
Gaozu had Jieli Khan of the Turks dance and Feng Zhidai, a Southern Yue chieftain, recite verse; then he laughed: "Turk and Yue under one roof—nothing like it in all history." Taizong raised his cup and said: "I was raised in your kindness and taught the way of culture; then I followed the righteous banner and secured the capital. Against Xue Ju, Liu Wuzhou, Wang Shichong, and Dou Jiande—each victory rested on your foresight alone. In two or three years the realm was united. Heaven's grace raised me up and laid a heavy charge upon me. Now Heaven blesses us with peace and plenty, and peoples who once bound their hair and wore robes left-open all bow as subjects. None of this is my wit or strength—it all flows from your design." Gaozu was overjoyed; the court shouted "Long live the emperor!" until deep night before the feast broke up.
82
九年五月庚子，高祖大漸，下詔：「既殯之後，皇帝宜於別所視軍國大事。 其服輕重，悉從漢制，以日易月。 園陵制度，務從儉約。」 是日，崩於太安宮之垂拱前殿，年七十。 群臣上謚曰大武皇帝，廟號高祖。
In the ninth year, on gengzi of the fifth month, Gaozu fell mortally ill and decreed: "After my body is encoffined, the emperor should handle state and military affairs elsewhere. Let mourning garments follow Han usage, counting days in place of months. The tomb park should be kept spare." That same day he died in the Qian Hall at Tai'an Palace, aged seventy. The ministers proposed the posthumous title Emperor Dawu and the temple name Gaozu.
83
十月庚寅，葬於獻陵。
In the tenth month, on gengyin, he was interred at Xian Mausoleum.
84
高宗上元元年八月，改上尊號曰神堯皇帝。 天寶十三載二月，上尊號神堯大聖大光孝皇帝。 【史評】史臣曰：有隋季年，皇圖板蕩，荒主燀燎原之焰，群盜發逐鹿之機，殄暴無厭，橫流靡救。 高祖審獨夫之運去，知新主之勃興，密運雄圖，未伸龍躍。 而屈己求可汗之援，卑辭答李密之書，決神機而速若疾雷，驅豪傑而從如偃草。 洎謳謠允屬，揖讓受終，刑名大刬於煩苛，爵位不逾於珝軸。 由是攫金有恥，伏莽知非，人懷漢道之寬平，不責高皇之慢罵。 然而優柔失斷，浸潤得行，誅文靜則議法不從，酬裴寂則曲恩太過。 奸佞由之貝錦，嬖幸得以掇蜂。 獻公遂間於申生，小白寧懷於召忽。 一旦兵交愛子，矢集申孫。 匈奴尋犯於便橋，京邑咸憂於左衽。 不有聖子，王業殆哉！ 【贊】贊曰：高皇創圖，勢若摧枯。 國運神武，家難聖謨。 言生床笫，禍切肌膚。 《鴟鴞》之詠，無損於吾。
In the eighth month of Shangyuan 1 under Emperor Gaozong, his honorific was raised to Emperor Shenyao. In the second month of Tianbao 13 he received the honorific Emperor Shenyao the Great Sage, Greatly Glorious and Filial. [Historian's appraisal] The historian writes: In Sui's last years the throne shook apart. A reckless ruler spread fire across the plain; rebels everywhere seized the hunt. Cruelty knew no limit, and the flood could not be stayed. Gaozu saw the tyrant's hour had passed and a new lord was rising. He nursed a great design in secret, though the dragon had not yet sprung. He humbled himself for the khan's help and answered Li Mi in courteous phrases; when he struck, his plans moved like thunder, and heroes bent to him like grass in the wind. When the people's voice settled on him he took the throne by abdication; he slashed penal law to its essentials and kept enfeoffments no larger than a cap-box. Men who seized gold felt shame; outlaws in the wild knew themselves in the wrong. The people cherished the broad Han way and did not begrudge Gaozu his rough tongue. Yet he wavered where he should have cut clean, and slander found room to work. He put Wen Jing to death against the law officers' counsel, and heaped favor on Pei Ji beyond measure. Flatterers wove their brocade of lies, and favorites stirred the hive. Like Duke Xian turning on Prince Shensheng, like Duke Huan still mourning Zhao Wu. One morning father and beloved son met in arms, and arrows rained upon the heir. Soon the Turks struck at Bian Bridge, and the capital feared the barbarian at the gate. Without a sage son, the throne would have tottered! [Eulogy] The eulogy says: The High Emperor drew the design; his power snapped kingdoms like dry wood. Heaven's fortune was fierce and bright; the clan's ordeal called for a sage heir's counsel. Words born in the bedchamber; harm that cut to the bone. Even the Owl ode could not diminish us.