1
○溫大雅子無隱大雅弟彥博子振挺大雅弟大有
Wen Daya; his son Wuyin; Daya's younger brother Yanbo; Yanbo's sons Zhen and Ting; and Daya's younger brother Dayou.
2
陳叔達竇威子惲兄子軌軌子奉節琮從子抗抗子衍靜靜子逵誕誕子孝慈孝慈子希玠誕少子孝諶抗季弟璡溫大雅溫大雅,字彥弘,太原祁人也。 父君悠,北齊文林館學士,隋泗州司馬。 大業末,為司隸從事,見隋政日亂,謝病而歸。 大雅性至孝,少好學,以才辯知名。 仕隋東宮學士、長安縣尉,以父憂去職。 後以天下方亂,不求仕進。 高祖鎮太原,甚禮之。 義兵起,引為大將軍府記室參軍,專掌文翰。 禪代之際,與司錄竇威、主簿陳叔達參定禮儀。 武德元年,歷遷黃門侍郎。 弟彥博,為中書侍郎; 對居近密,議者榮之。 高祖從容謂曰:「我起義晉陽,為卿一門耳。」 尋轉工部,進拜陝東道大行台工部尚書。 太宗以隱太子、巢刺王之故,令大雅鎮洛陽以俟變。 大雅數陳秘策,甚蒙嘉賞。 太宗即位,累轉禮部尚書,封黎國公。 大雅將改葬其祖父,筮者曰:「葬於此地,害兄而福弟。」 大雅曰:「若得家弟永康,我將含笑入地。」 葬訖,歲余而卒,謚曰孝。 撰《創業起居注》三卷。 永徽五年,贈尚書右僕射。
Chen Shuda; Dou Wei and his son Yun; Dou Wei's nephew Gui; Gui's sons Fengjie and Cong; Dou Wei's cousin Kang; Kang's sons Yan and Jing; Jing's son Kui; Dan; Dan's sons Xiaoci (whose son was Xijie) and Xiaoci's younger son Xiaochen; and Kang's youngest brother Jin. Wen Daya. Wen Daya, styled Yanhong, was a native of Qi in Taiyuan. His father Junyou had been a scholar in the Northern Qi's Wenslin Hall and later served as deputy prefect of Sizhou under the Sui. Near the end of the Daye era he held a post in the metropolitan inspectorate, but as he watched Sui rule grow daily more chaotic, he pleaded illness and retired to his home. Daya was profoundly filial by nature, devoted himself to learning from an early age, and won renown for his talent and eloquence. Under the Sui he served as an academician in the crown prince's palace and as magistrate of Chang'an County, then resigned when his father died. Afterward, with the empire falling into chaos, he made no effort to pursue office. When the future Emperor Gaozu was posted to Taiyuan, he treated Daya with exceptional respect. When the uprising began, Daya was appointed recorder on the great general's staff and put in sole charge of written communications. At the transfer of the throne he worked with Registrar Dou Wei and Chief Clerk Chen Shuda to establish the ceremonial protocols. In 618 he rose through several posts to become vice director of the Secretariat. His younger brother Yanbo served as vice director of the Chancellery; the two brothers held neighboring posts at the heart of government, and contemporaries regarded their rise as a family triumph. Gaozu said to him in an easy tone, "When I raised the army at Jinyang, it was for your whole family. Soon afterward he was transferred to the Ministry of Works and promoted to Minister of Works on the Shandong Grand March route. On account of the conflict involving the Hidden Crown Prince and Prince of Chao and Ci, Taizong stationed Daya at Luoyang to watch for any turn of events. Daya repeatedly offered confidential counsel and won high praise for it. After Taizong's accession, Daya rose through several posts to Minister of Rites and was enfeoffed as Duke of Li. When Daya was preparing to rebury his grandfather, the diviner said, "Burial in this spot will harm the elder brother and bring fortune to the younger. Daya replied, "If my younger brother may live in lasting health, I shall go to my grave with a smile." The burial was completed, and a little more than a year later he died; he was given the posthumous title Filial. He wrote three fascicles of the 《Record of the Founding Court》. In 654 he was posthumously appointed right vice director of the Department of State Affairs.
3
子無隱,官至工部侍郎。 大雅弟彥博。 弟彥博彥博幼聰悟,有口辯,涉獵書記。 初,其父友薛道衡、李綱常見彥博兄弟三人,咸嘆異曰:「皆卿相才也。」 開皇末,為州牧秦孝王俊所薦,授文林郎,直內史省,轉通直謁者。 及隋亂,幽州總管羅藝引為司馬。 藝以幽州歸國,彥博贊成其事,授幽州總管府長史。 未幾,征為中書舍人,俄遷中書侍郎,封西河郡公。 時高麗遣使貢方物,高祖謂群臣曰:「名實之間,理須相副。 高麗稱臣於隋,終拒煬帝,此亦何臣之有? 朕敬於萬物,不欲驕貴,但據土宇,務共安人,何必令其稱臣以自尊大? 可即為詔,述朕此懷也。」 彥博進曰:「遼東之地,周為箕子之國,漢家之玄菟郡耳。 魏、晉已前,近在提封之內,不可許以不臣。 若與高麗抗禮,則四夷何以瞻仰? 且中國之於夷狄,猶太陽之比列星,理無降尊,俯同夷貊。」 高祖乃止。 其年,突厥入寇,命右衛大將軍張瑾為并州道行軍總管,出拒之,以彥博為行軍長史。 與虜戰於太谷,軍敗,彥博沒於虜庭。 突厥以其近臣,苦問以國家虛實及兵馬多少,彥博固不肯言。 頡利怒,遷於陰山苦塞之地。 太宗即位,突厥送款,始征彥博還朝,授雍州治中,尋檢校吏部侍郎。 彥博意有沙汰,多所損抑,而退者不伏,囂訟盈庭。 彥博惟騁辭辯,與之相詰,終日喧擾,頗為識者所嗤。 復拜中書侍郎,兼太子右庶子。 貞觀二年,遷御史大夫,仍檢校中書侍郎事。 彥博善於宣吐,每奉使入朝,詔問四方風俗,承受綸言,有若成誦。 聲韻高朗,響溢殿庭,進止雍容,觀者拭目。 四年,遷中書令,進爵虞國公。 高祖常宴朝臣,詔太宗諭旨,既而顧謂近臣曰:「何如溫彥博?」 其見重如此。
His son Wuyin rose to the post of vice minister of works. Daya's younger brother was Yanbo. His younger brother Yanbo. From childhood Yanbo was quick-witted, eloquent in debate, and widely read in books and records. Early on, his father's friends Xue Daoheng and Li Gang often met the three Yanbo brothers and each time marveled, saying, "Every one of them has the makings of a chief minister. Near the end of the Kaihuang era he was recommended by Prince Qin Xiaojun, the prefectural governor, and appointed gentleman of the Forest of Literature; he served in the Secretariat and was later transferred to attendant for direct audience. When the Sui empire collapsed into chaos, Luo Yi, regional inspector of Youzhou, took him on as his aide. When Luo Yi surrendered Youzhou to the Tang cause, Yanbo helped bring the submission about and was appointed chief clerk of the Youzhou headquarters. Before long he was summoned to serve as drafter in the Chancellery, soon promoted to vice director of the Chancellery, and enfeoffed as Duke of Xihe. At that time Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute, and Gaozu told the assembled ministers, "Titles and realities ought to match one another. Goguryeo called itself a vassal of the Sui, yet in the end defied Emperor Yang—what kind of vassalage is that? I hold all under heaven in respect and do not wish to exalt myself through arrogance; I hold the realm only to bring peace to the people—why must I demand that they call themselves my vassals merely to puff up my own dignity? Draft an edict at once and set forth this intention of mine. Yanbo stepped forward and said, "The land of Liaodong was in Zhou the domain of Jizi, and under the Han it was merely the commandery of Xuantu. Before the Wei and Jin dynasties it lay well within our borders; we cannot allow it to stand outside vassal status. If we treat Goguryeo as an equal in ceremony, what will the four quarters of the barbarian world have to look up to? Moreover, China's relation to the barbarians is like that of the sun to the lesser stars; by right there is no lowering of dignity to stoop to their level." Gaozu thereupon abandoned the plan. That year, when the Turks invaded, he appointed Zhang Jin, general of the right guard, campaign commander of the Bingzhou route to meet them, with Yanbo as his chief clerk. They fought the enemy at Taigu; the army was defeated and Yanbo fell into Turkic hands. Because he had been a high minister at court, the Turks pressed him relentlessly about the empire's strengths and weaknesses and the size of its armies; Yanbo steadfastly refused to answer. Jieli flew into a rage and exiled him to the harsh frontier country of the Yin Mountains. After Taizong's accession the Turks submitted, and only then was Yanbo summoned back to court; he was appointed administrator of Yongzhou and soon made acting vice director of the Ministry of Personnel. Yanbo set out to weed out unfit officials and demoted many of them; those he removed refused to accept their demotions, and the court was filled with noisy appeals. Yanbo relied solely on his gift for argument, debating them point by point until the hall rang all day with uproar—a spectacle that thoughtful observers largely ridiculed. He was again appointed vice director of the Chancellery and concurrently right vice guardian of the crown prince. In 628 he was promoted to censor-in-chief while continuing to act as vice director of the Chancellery. Yanbo was a master of public speech; whenever he came to court on embassy and was questioned by edict about customs across the realm, he received the emperor's words and answered as though he had memorized them in advance. His voice rang clear and high, filling the hall; his bearing as he advanced and withdrew was dignified and graceful, and those who watched could only stare in admiration. In 630 he was promoted to director of the Chancellery and raised in rank to Duke of Yu. Gaozu often entertained the court ministers and had Taizong convey the imperial message; then he would turn to those nearest him and ask, "How does Wen Yanbo compare? Such was the esteem in which he was held.
4
初,突厥之降也,詔議安邊之術。 朝士多言:「突厥恃強,擾亂中國,為日久矣。 今天實喪之,窮來歸我,本非慕義之心也。 因其歸命,分其種落,俘之河南,散屬州縣,各使耕田,變其風俗。 百萬胡虜,可得化而為漢,則中國有加戶之利,塞北常空矣。」 惟彥博議曰:「漢建武時,置降匈奴於五原塞下,全其部落,得為捍蔽,又不離其土俗,因而撫之。 一則實空虛之地,二則示無猜之心。 若遣向西南,則乖物性,故非含育之道也。」 太宗從之,遂處降人於朔方之地,其入居長安者近且萬家。 議者尤為不便,欲建突厥國於河外。 彥博又執奏曰:「既已納之,無故遣去,深為可惜。」 與魏徵等爭論,數年不決。 十年,遷尚書右僕射。 明年薨,年六十四。 彥博自掌知機務,即杜絕賓客,國之利害,知無不言,太宗以是嘉之。 及薨,謂侍臣曰:「彥博以憂國之故,勞精竭神,我見其不逮,已二年矣。 恨不縱其閒逸,致夭性靈。」 彥博家無正寢,及卒之日,殯於別室,太宗命有司為造堂焉。 贈特進,謚曰恭,陪葬昭陵。
Earlier, when the Turks submitted, the court was ordered to debate how best to secure the northern frontier. Many at court argued, "The Turks have long relied on their strength to harass China. Heaven has now truly forsaken them; they come to us in desperation, not out of any genuine regard for our virtue. We should take advantage of their submission to break up their tribes, move them south of the Yellow River, scatter them among the prefectures and counties, set them to farming, and transform their ways. A million barbarian captives could be transformed into Han subjects; China would gain households, and the northern frontier would stand forever empty. Only Yanbo argued, "Under Emperor Guangwu of Han, surrendered Xiongnu were settled below the Wuyuan pass; their tribes were kept intact so they could serve as a frontier shield, and without uprooting their native customs they were governed where they lived. That would both populate empty frontier lands and demonstrate a policy free of suspicion. To send them southwest would go against their nature and would not be true nurturing governance." Taizong accepted this view and settled the surrendered Turks in the Shuofang region; nearly ten thousand households of them took up residence in Chang'an. Critics found the arrangement especially troubling and wanted to establish a Turkic state beyond the river. Yanbo again submitted a firm memorial: "Now that we have taken them in, to send them away without cause would be a profound waste. He debated the matter with Wei Zheng and others for years without a final decision. In 636 he was promoted to right vice director of the Department of State Affairs. The following year he died at the age of sixty-four. Once Yanbo took charge of state secrets he cut off social visits entirely; on every matter of national consequence he spoke his mind without reserve, and Taizong prized him for it. When Yanbo died, Taizong told his attendants, "Yanbo wore himself out worrying over the state; I had seen him failing for two years already. I regret that I did not give him more leisure and thereby cut short his life. Yanbo's household had no proper main hall; when he died the coffin lay in a side room, and Taizong ordered the authorities to build one for the family. He was posthumously appointed specially advanced, given the posthumous title Respectful, and buried with honor at Zhaoling.
5
子振,少有雅望,官至太子舍人,居喪以毀卒。 振弟挺,尚高祖女千金公主,官至延州刺史。 弟大有大雅弟大有,字彥將,性端謹,少以學行稱。 隋仁壽中,尚書右丞李綱表薦之,授羽騎尉。 尋丁憂去,職歸鄉里。 義旗初舉,高祖引為太原令。 從太宗擊西河,高祖謂曰:「士馬尚少,要資經略,以卿參謀軍事,其善建功名也! 事之成敗,當以此行卜之。 若克西河,帝業成矣。」 及破西河而還,復以本官攝大將軍府記室,與兄大雅共掌機密。 大有以昆季同在機務,意不自安,固請他職。 高祖曰:「我虛心相待,不以為疑,卿何自疑也?」 大有雖應命,然每退讓,遠避機權,僚列以此多之。 武德元年,累轉中書侍郎。 會卒,高祖甚傷惜之,贈鴻臚卿。 初,大雅在隋,與顏思魯俱在東宮,彥博與思魯弟愍楚同直內史省,彥將與愍楚弟游秦典校秘閣。 二家兄弟,各為一時人物之選。 少時學業,顏氏為優; 其後職位,溫氏為盛。 陳叔達陳叔達,字子聰,陳宣帝第十六子也。 善容止,頗有才學,在陳封義陽王。 年十餘歲,嘗侍宴,賦詩十韻,援筆便就,僕射徐陵甚奇之。 歷侍中、丹陽尹、都官尚書。 入隋,久不得調。 大業中,拜內史舍人,出為絳郡通守。 義師至絳郡,叔達以郡歸款,授丞相府主簿,封漢東郡公。 與記室溫大雅同掌機密,軍書、赦令及禪代文誥,多叔達所為。 武德元年,授黃門侍郎。 二年,兼納言。 四年,拜侍中。 叔達明辯,善容止,每有敷奏,搢紳莫不屬目。 江南名士薄游長安者,多為薦拔。 五年,進封江國公。 嘗賜食於御前,得蒲萄,執而不食。 高祖問其故,對曰:「臣母患口乾,求之不能致,欲歸以遺母。」 高祖喟然流涕曰:「卿有母遺乎!」 因賜物三百段。 貞觀初,加授光祿大夫。 尋坐與蕭瑀對御忿爭免官。 未幾,丁母憂。 叔達先有疾,太宗慮其危殆,遣使禁絕吊賓。 服闋,授遂州都督,以疾不行。 久之,拜禮部尚書。 建成、元吉嫉害太宗,陰行譖毀,高祖惑其言,將有貶責,叔達固諫乃止。 至是太宗勞之曰:「武德時,危難潛構,知公有讜言,今之此拜,有以相答。」 叔達謝曰:「此不獨為陛下,社稷計耳。」 後坐閨庭不理,為憲司所劾。 朝廷惜其名臣,不欲彰其罪,聽以散秩歸第。 九年卒,謚曰繆。 後贈戶部尚書,改謚曰忠。 有集十五卷。 竇威竇威,字文蔚,扶風平陸人,太穆皇后從父兄也。 父熾,隋太傅。 威家世勳貴,諸昆弟並尚武藝,而威耽玩文史,介然自守。 諸兄哂之,謂為「書痴」。 隋內史令李德林舉秀異,射策甲科,拜秘書郎。 秩滿當遷,而固守不調,在秘書十餘歲,其學業益廣。 時諸兄並以軍功致仕通顯,交結豪貴,賓客盈門,而威職掌閒散。 諸兄更謂威曰:「昔孔子積學成聖,猶狼狽當時,棲遲若此,汝效此道,復欲何求? 名位不達,固其宜矣。」 威笑而不答。 久之,蜀王秀闢為記室,以秀行事多不法,稱疾還田裡。 及秀廢黜,府僚多獲罪,唯威以先見保全。 大業四年,累遷內史舍人,以數陳得失忤旨,轉考功郎中,後坐事免,歸京師。 高祖入關,召補大丞相府司錄參軍。 時軍旅草創,五禮曠墜。 威既博物,多識舊儀,朝章國典,皆其所定,禪代文翰多參預焉。 高祖常謂裴寂曰:「叔孫通不能加也。」 武德元年,拜內史令。 威奏議雍容,多引古為諭,高祖甚親重之,或引入臥內,常為膝席。 又嘗謂曰:「昔周朝有八柱國之貴,吾與公家咸登此職。 今我已為天子,公為內史令,本同末異,乃不平矣。」 威謝曰:「臣家昔在漢朝,再為外戚,至於後魏,三處外家,陛下隆興,復出皇后。 臣又階緣戚裡,位忝鳳池,自惟叨濫,曉夕兢懼。」 高祖笑曰:「比見關東人與崔、盧為婚,猶自矜伐,公代為帝戚,不亦貴乎!」 及寢疾,高祖自往臨問。 尋卒,家無餘財,遺令薄葬。 謚曰靖,贈同州刺史,追封延安郡公。 葬日,詔太子及百官並出臨送。 有文集十捲。
His son Zhen enjoyed a fine reputation from youth, rose to crown prince attendant, and died in mourning when grief ruined his health. Zhen's younger brother Ting married Gaozu's daughter Princess Qianjin and rose to prefect of Yanzhou. His younger brother Dayou. Daya's younger brother Dayou, styled Yanjiang, was upright and careful by nature and was known from youth for his learning and conduct. During the Renshou era of the Sui, Li Gang, right vice director of the Department of State Affairs, recommended him by memorial, and he was appointed captain of the feathered riders. Soon afterward he resigned on his mother's death and returned home. When the uprising first began, Gaozu appointed him magistrate of Taiyuan. When he followed Taizong in the attack on Xihe, Gaozu told him, "Our forces are still few and we need sound strategy; serve as military adviser on this campaign and win yourself a name! Whether our enterprise succeeds or fails will be foretold by this campaign. If we take Xihe, the imperial enterprise is assured. After Xihe fell and they returned, he again served in his former capacity as recorder on the great general's staff, sharing confidential affairs with his elder brother Daya. Dayou felt uneasy that both brothers held posts at the heart of government and firmly asked for a different assignment. Gaozu said, "I receive you with an open heart and harbor no suspicion—why do you suspect yourself? Dayou accepted the appointment, yet he always yielded ground and kept his distance from power; his colleagues admired him for it. In 618 he rose through several posts to vice director of the Chancellery. He died soon afterward; Gaozu grieved deeply and posthumously appointed him director of the Court for Dependencies. Earlier, under the Sui, Daya had served with Yan Silu in the crown prince's palace; Yanbo had served with Silu's younger brother Mintu in the Secretariat; and Yanjiang had worked with Mintu's younger brother Youqin collating texts in the imperial archive. The brothers of both families were among the leading figures of their generation. In their youth the Yan brothers were superior in scholarship; but afterward the Wen clan rose higher in office. Chen Shuda. Chen Shuda, styled Zicong, was the sixteenth son of Emperor Xuan of Chen. He was graceful in bearing, possessed considerable talent and learning, and under the Chen was enfeoffed as Prince of Yiyang. When he was barely more than ten, he once attended a feast and composed a ten-rhyme poem at a stroke; Vice Director Xu Ling was deeply impressed. He served in turn as attendant-in-ordinary, governor of Danyang, and minister of justice. After the Chen fell and he entered Sui service, he long went without a new appointment. During the Daye era he was appointed drafter in the Secretariat and then sent out as transit governor of Jiang commandery. When the uprising reached Jiang commandery, Shuda surrendered the district and was appointed chief clerk in the chancellor's office and enfeoffed as Duke of Handong. Together with Recorder Wen Daya he managed confidential affairs; military dispatches, amnesties, and the documents of abdication and succession were largely Shuda's work. In 618 he was appointed vice director of the Secretariat. In 619 he was also appointed remonstrator. In 621 he was appointed attendant-in-ordinary. Shuda was sharp in debate and graceful in bearing; whenever he addressed the throne, the court elite watched him with rapt attention. He recommended and advanced many distinguished scholars from the south who had come to Chang'an. In 622 he was raised in rank to Duke of Jiang. Once, when he was served food in the emperor's presence, he was given grapes but held them without eating. Gaozu asked why, and he answered, "My mother suffers from dry mouth. I could not obtain grapes for her, and I wish to take these home for her. Gaozu sighed with tears and said, "You still have a mother to care for!" He then bestowed three hundred bolts of goods on him. Early in the Zhenguan era he was additionally appointed grand master for splendid happiness. Soon afterward he was dismissed for quarreling angrily with Xiao Yu in the emperor's presence. Before long his mother died and he entered mourning. Shuda had long been ill, and Taizong, fearing for his life, sent orders forbidding visitors from coming to offer condolences. When his mourning ended he was appointed regional inspector of Suizhou, but illness kept him from taking up the post. After some time he was appointed Minister of Rites. Jiancheng and Yuanji envied Taizong and secretly slandered him; Gaozu was taken in by their words and was about to punish Taizong, but Shuda remonstrated firmly and stopped it. On this occasion Taizong thanked him, saying, "During the Wude era danger was brewing in secret, and I knew you spoke forthright counsel. This appointment is my answer to you. Shuda replied, "I did that not for Your Majesty alone, but for the sake of the realm." Later he was impeached by the censorate for neglecting his official duties at home. The court valued so distinguished a minister and did not wish to publicize his offense; he was allowed to retire home on a nominal stipend. He died in 635; his posthumous title was Erring. He was later posthumously appointed Minister of Revenue, and his posthumous title was changed to Loyal. He left collected works in fifteen fascicles. Dou Wei. Dou Wei, styled Wenwei, was a native of Pinglu in Fufeng and a paternal cousin of the Grand Empress Dowager. His father Chi had served as grand tutor under the Sui. The Dou family had long been eminent for merit and rank; all his brothers prized martial skill, but Wei devoted himself to literature and history and held himself apart. His brothers mocked him and called him a "book fool." Li Delin, director of the Secretariat under the Sui, recommended him as outstanding talent; he took first place in the civil examination and was appointed secretary gentleman. When his term ended he was due for promotion, but he steadfastly refused transfer; he remained in the Secretariat for more than ten years, and his learning grew ever broader. At that time all his brothers had risen to prominence through military merit, cultivated ties with powerful nobles, and kept their gates crowded with guests, while Wei held a minor and undemanding post. His brothers said to him again, "Confucius piled up learning until he became a sage, yet even he was hard pressed in his own day and lingered in obscurity as you do. If you follow that path, what more do you expect? That you should fail to win rank and renown is only fitting. Wei smiled and made no reply. After some time Prince Xiu of Shu summoned him as recorder, but because the prince's conduct was often unlawful, Wei pleaded illness and returned to his home estate. When Prince Xiu was deposed, many of his staff were punished, but Wei alone escaped harm because he had withdrawn in time. In 608 he rose through several posts to drafter in the Secretariat; because he repeatedly criticized policy and offended the throne, he was transferred to director of merit in the Ministry of Personnel, later dismissed for an offense, and returned to the capital. When Gaozu entered the passes, Wei was summoned to serve as registrar on the great chancellor's staff. At that time the army was still being organized and the five rites lay in ruins. Wei was broadly learned and knew the old protocols well; he established the court regulations and state statutes and took a leading part in drafting the documents of abdication and succession. Gaozu often told Pei Ji, "Shusun Tong himself could not have done better. In 618 he was appointed director of the Secretariat. Wei's memorials were measured and dignified, and he often drew on antiquity to make his points; Gaozu favored him deeply, sometimes received him in his private quarters, and regularly seated him on the knee-cushion beside him. He also once told him, "In the Zhou dynasty there were the eight pillar states; both your family and mine once held that rank. Now I am emperor and you are director of the Secretariat. We began alike but have ended differently—surely that is no cause for resentment. Wei replied, "In Han times my family twice became imperial affines; under the later Wei we were affines three times; and under Your Majesty's glorious rise an empress has again come from our house. I have risen through imperial kinship to a post I do not deserve at the heart of government, and I tremble day and night at my presumption." Gaozu laughed and said, "I have lately seen men east of the pass marry into the Cui and Lu clans and still boast of it—your house has been imperial kin for generations. Is that not nobler still?" When he fell gravely ill, Gaozu went in person to visit him. He died soon afterward, leaving his household without surplus wealth and ordering a simple burial in his will. He was given the posthumous title Tranquil, posthumously appointed prefect of Tongzhou, and retroactively enfeoffed as Duke of Yan'an. On the day of his burial, the crown prince and all officials were ordered to attend the funeral. He left a literary collection in ten juan.
6
子惲嗣,官至岐州刺史。 威兄子軌,從兄子抗,並知名。 窦軌軌,字士則,周雍州牧、酂國公恭之子也。 隋大業中,為資陽郡東曹掾,後去官歸於家。 義兵起,軌聚眾千餘人,迎謁於長春宮。 高祖見之,大悅,降席握手,語及平生,賜良馬十匹,使掠地渭南。 軌先下永豐倉,收兵得五千人。 從平京城,封贊皇縣公,拜大丞相諮議參軍。 時稽胡賊五萬餘人掠宜春,軌討之。 行次黃欽山,與賊相遇,賊乘高縱火,王師稍卻。 軌斬其部將十四人,拔隊中小帥以代之。 軌自率數百騎殿於軍後,令之曰:「聞鼓聲有不進者,自後斬之。」 既聞鼓,士卒爭先赴敵,賊射之,不能止,因大破之,斬首千餘級,虜男女二萬口。 武德元年,授太子詹事。 會赤排羌作亂,與薛舉叛將鐘俱仇同寇漢中。 拜軌秦州總管,與賊連戰皆捷,餘黨悉降。 進封酂國公。 三年,遷益州道行台左僕射,許以便宜從事。 屬党項寇松州,詔軌援之,又令扶州刺史蔣善合與軌連勢。 時党項引吐谷渾之眾,其鋒甚銳。 軌師未至,善合先期至鉗川,遇賊力戰,走之。 軌復軍於臨洮,進擊左封,破其部眾。 尋令率所部兵從太宗討王世充於洛陽。 四年,還益州。 時蜀土寇往往聚結,悉討平之。 軌每臨戎對寇,或經旬月,身不解甲。 其部眾無貴賤少長,不恭命即立斬之。 每日吏士多被鞭撻,流血滿庭,見者莫不重足股慄。 軌初入蜀,將其甥以為心腹,嘗夜出,呼之不以時至,怒而斬之。 每誡家僮不得出外。 嘗遣奴就官廚取漿而悔之,謂奴曰:「我誠使汝,要當斬汝頭以明法耳!」 遣其部將收奴斬之。 其奴稱冤,監刑者猶豫未決,軌怒,俱斬之。 行台郎中趙弘安,知名士也,軌動輒榜箠,歲至數百。 後徵入朝,賜坐御榻,軌容儀不肅,又坐而對詔,高祖大怒,因謂曰:「公之入蜀,車騎、驃騎從者二十人,為公所斬略盡,我隴種車騎,未足給公。」 詔下獄,俄而釋之,還鎮益州。 軌與行台尚書韋雲起、郭行方素不協。 及隱太子誅,有詔下益州,軌藏諸懷中,雲起問曰:「詔書安在?」 軌不之示,但曰:「卿欲反矣!」 執而殺之。 行方大懼,奔於京師,軌追斬不及。 是歲,行台廢,即授益州大都督,加食邑六百戶。 貞觀元年,征授右衛大將軍。 二年,出為洛州都督。 洛陽因隋末喪亂,人多浮偽。 軌並遣務農,各令屬縣有游手怠惰者皆按之。 由是人吏懾憚,風化整肅。 四年,卒官,贈并州都督。
His son Yun succeeded him and rose to prefect of Qizhou. Wei's nephew Gui and his cousin's son Kang were both well known. Dou Gui. Gui, styled Shize, was the son of Gong, regional inspector of Yongzhou under the Zhou and Duke of Zan. During the Daye era he served as eastern bureau aide in Ziyang commandery, then resigned and returned home. When the uprising began, Gui gathered more than a thousand followers and went to Changchun Palace to pay his respects. Gaozu was delighted to see him, rose from his seat to take his hand, spoke of their shared past, gave him ten fine horses, and sent him to secure territory south of the Wei River. Gui first seized Yongfeng granary and raised a force of five thousand men. He took part in the pacification of the capital, was enfeoffed as Duke of Zanhuang, and appointed advisory staff officer on the great chancellor's staff. At that time more than fifty thousand Ji Hu raiders were plundering Yichun, and Gui was sent to suppress them. Marching to Huangqin Mountain he met the enemy; they held the high ground and set fires, and the imperial army fell back. Gui beheaded fourteen of his own subordinate officers and promoted junior commanders from the ranks to replace them. Gui himself led several hundred horsemen as rearguard and ordered, "Anyone who fails to advance at the drum will be cut down from behind. At the drum the soldiers charged the enemy without hesitation; though the raiders shot at them, they could not be stopped. Gui won a great victory, took more than a thousand heads, and captured twenty thousand men and women. In 618 he was appointed steward of the crown prince. When the Red-Plank Qiang rebelled, they joined with Zhong Juchou, a defector from Xue Ju's forces, to raid Hanzhong together. Gui was appointed regional inspector of Qinzhou; he won every battle against the rebels, and the remaining factions all surrendered. He was raised in rank to Duke of Zan. In 620 he was appointed left vice director of the Yizhou route grand march secretariat with authority to act at his own discretion. When the Tangut raided Songzhou, Gui was ordered to reinforce the district, and Fuzhou prefect Jiang Shanhe was told to coordinate with him. The Tangut had drawn in forces from Tuyuhun, and their attack was fierce. Before Gui's army arrived, Shanhe reached Qianchuan ahead of him, fought the enemy fiercely, and drove them off. Gui regrouped at Lintao, advanced against Zuofeng, and defeated the enemy forces. Soon afterward he was ordered to lead his troops with Taizong in the campaign against Wang Shichong at Luoyang. In 621 he returned to Yizhou. Bandits in Shu were then gathering in many places, and he suppressed them all. Whenever Gui went to war he sometimes kept his armor on for ten days or a month at a stretch. Among his troops, whether noble or common, young or old, anyone who disobeyed an order was beheaded on the spot. Every day many of his officers and men were flogged until blood filled the courtyard; those who witnessed it trembled with fear. When Gui first entered Shu he made his nephew his trusted confidant; once, when he called for him at night and the nephew failed to come promptly, Gui beheaded him in a rage. He constantly forbade his household servants to go outside. Once he sent a slave to the official kitchen for gruel, then regretted it and told the slave, "I did send you, but I must cut off your head to uphold the law! He sent a subordinate officer to seize the slave and behead him. The slave protested his innocence, and the executioner hesitated; Gui in anger had them both beheaded. Zhao Hong'an, a director on the grand march staff and a man of reputation, was flogged by Gui on the slightest pretext hundreds of times a year. Later he was summoned to court and granted a seat on the imperial couch, but Gui's bearing was disrespectful and he remained seated while answering the edict. Gaozu was furious and said, "When you entered Shu you nearly beheaded all twenty of your chariot-and-cavalry attendants. My Longzhong chariot troops are not enough to keep you supplied. An edict sent him to prison, but he was soon released and sent back to garrison Yizhou. Gui had long been on bad terms with grand march directors Wei Yunqi and Guo Xingfang. When the Hidden Crown Prince was killed, an edict was sent to Yizhou; Gui hid it in his robe. Yunqi asked, "Where is the edict? Gui would not show it but said only, "You mean to rebel!" He seized Yunqi and killed him. Xingfang fled in terror to the capital; Gui pursued him but could not overtake and kill him. That year the grand march secretariat was abolished; he was appointed great regional inspector of Yizhou with an added fief of six hundred households. In 627 he was summoned and appointed general of the right guard. In 628 he was sent out as regional inspector of Luozhou. Because of the chaos at the end of the Sui, the people of Luoyang had grown shiftless and deceitful. Gui sent out agricultural commissioners and ordered every subordinate county to prosecute idlers and the indolent. Officials and commoners alike were awed into obedience, and local customs were restored to good order. In 621 he died in office and was posthumously appointed regional inspector of Bingzhou.
7
子奉節嗣,尚高祖永嘉公主,歷左衛將軍、秦州都督。 窦琮軌弟琮,亦有武干,隋左親衛。 大業末,犯法,亡命奔太原,依於高祖。 琮與太宗有宿憾,每自疑。 太宗方蒐羅英傑,降禮納之,出入臥內,其意乃解。 及將義舉,琮協贊大謀。 大將軍府建,為統軍。 從平西河,破霍邑,拜金紫光祿大夫、扶風郡公。 尋從劉文靜擊屈突通於潼關,通遣裨將桑顯和來逼文靜,義軍不利。 琮與段志玄等力戰久之,隋軍大潰,通遁走。 琮率輕騎追至稠桑,獲通而返。 進兵東略,下陝縣,拔太原倉。 拜右領軍大將軍,賜物五百段。 時隋河陽都尉獨孤武潛謀歸國,乃令琮以步騎一萬自柏崖道應接之。 遲留不進,武見殺,坐是除名。 武德初,以元謀勳特恕一死,拜右屯衛大將軍,復轉右領軍大將軍。 時將圖洛陽,遣琮留守陝城,以督糧運。 王世充遣其驍將羅士信來斷糧道,琮潛使人說以利害,士信遂帥眾降。 及從平東都,賞物一千四百段。 後以本官檢校晉州總管。 尋從隱太子討平劉黑闥,以功封譙國公,賞黃金五十斤。 未幾而卒。 高祖以佐命之舊,甚悼之,贈左衛大將軍,謚曰敬。 永徽五年,重贈特進。 窦抗抗,字道生,太穆皇后之從兄也,隋洛州總管、陳國公榮之子也。 母,隋文帝萬安公主。 抗在隋以帝甥甚見崇寵。 少入太學,略涉書史,釋褐千牛備身、儀同三司。 屬其父寢疾,抗躬親扶侍,衣不解帶者五十餘日。 及居喪,哀毀過禮。 後襲爵陳國公,累轉梁州刺史。 將之官,隋文帝幸其第,命抗及公主酣宴,如家人之禮,賞賜極厚。 母卒,號慟絕而復甦者數焉,文帝令宮人至第,節其哭泣。 歲餘,起為岐州刺史,轉幽州總管,政並以寬惠聞。 及漢王諒作亂,煬帝恐其為變,遣李子雄馳往代之。 子雄因言抗得諒書而不奏,按之無驗,以疑貳除名。 抗與高祖少相親狎,及楊玄感作亂,高祖統兵隴右,抗言於高祖曰:「玄感抑為發蹤耳! 李氏有名圖籙,可乘其便,天之所啟也。」 高祖曰:「無為禍始,何言之妄也!」 大業末,抗於靈武巡長城以伺盜賊,及聞高祖定京城,抗對眾而忭曰:「此吾家妹婿也,豁達有大度,真撥亂之主矣!」 因歸長安。 高祖見之大悅,握手引坐曰:「李氏竟能成事,何如?」 因縱酒為樂。 尋拜將作大匠。 武德元年,以本官兼納言。 高祖聽朝,或升御坐,退朝之後,延入臥內,命之舍敬,縱酒談謔,敦平生之款。 常侍宴移時,或留宿禁內。 高祖每呼為兄而不名也,宮內咸稱為舅。 常陪侍游宴,不知朝務。 轉左武候大將軍,領左右千牛備身大將軍。 尋從太宗平薛舉,勳居第一。 四年,又從征王世充。 及東都平,冊勳太廟者九人,抗與從弟軌俱預焉。 朝廷榮之,賜女樂一部、金寶萬計。 武德四年,因侍宴暴卒,贈司空,謚曰密。
His son Fengjie succeeded him, married Gaozu's daughter Princess Yongjia, and rose to general of the Left Guard and regional inspector of Qinzhou. Dou Cong, Gui's younger brother, also showed military talent and had served in the Sui Left Personal Guard. Near the end of the Daye era he broke the law, fled to Taiyuan, and placed himself under Gaozu's protection. Cong and the future Taizong had an old grudge, and he was always uneasy in his presence. Taizong was then recruiting talented men, received him with lowered ceremony, and admitted him to his private quarters until his suspicions eased. When the uprising was being planned, Cong helped shape the grand strategy. When the great general's headquarters was established, he was appointed an army commander. He took part in the pacification of Xihe and the victory at Huoyi, and was appointed Grand Master of Splendor and Virtue with the Golden Seal and Duke of Fufeng. He soon joined Liu Wenjing in attacking Qu Tuotong at Tong Pass; Qu sent his lieutenant Sang Xianhe to press Wenjing's force, and the rebel army began to falter. Cong, Duan Zhixuan, and others fought hard for a long time until the Sui army broke and Qu Tuotong fled. Cong led light cavalry in pursuit to Chousang, captured Qu Tuotong, and returned in triumph. He marched east, took Shan county, and captured the Taiyuan granary. He was made great general of the Right Army Guard and rewarded with five hundred bolts of goods. When the Sui commandant of Heyang, Dugu Wu, secretly planned to defect, Cong was ordered to take ten thousand foot and horse soldiers by the Baiya route to link up with him. He lingered and failed to advance; Dugu Wu was killed, and Cong was dismissed from office for it. Early in the Wude era his founding service won him a special reprieve from the death penalty; he was appointed great general of the Right Garrison Guard and later restored as great general of the Right Army Guard. As the court prepared to move on Luoyang, Cong was left at Shancheng to oversee the grain supply. Wang Shichong sent his fierce general Luo Shixin to sever the supply line; Cong secretly sent envoys to argue the costs and benefits, and Shixin surrendered with his troops. After he took part in the pacification of the Eastern Capital, he was rewarded with fourteen hundred bolts of goods. He was later appointed acting regional commander of Jinzhou while retaining his existing rank. He soon joined the Hidden Crown Prince in putting down Liu Heita, was enfeoffed as Duke of Qiao for his service, and rewarded with fifty jin of gold. He died soon afterward. Gaozu mourned him deeply as an old companion in founding the dynasty, posthumously appointed him great general of the Left Guard, and gave him the posthumous title Respectful. In 654 he was posthumously promoted again to Special Advancement. Dou Kang. Kang, styled Daosheng, was a cousin of Empress Taimu and the son of Rong, Sui regional commander of Luozhou and Duke of Chen. His mother was Emperor Wen of Sui's daughter, Princess Wan'an. In the Sui, as the emperor's nephew by marriage, Kang enjoyed exceptional favor. As a youth he studied at the Imperial Academy and gained a modest grounding in the classics and history; on entering service he became an attendant of the Thousand-Ox Guard with honorary third-rank status. When his father fell gravely ill, Kang nursed him in person and did not change his clothes for more than fifty days. In mourning he grieved so deeply that his grief exceeded what ritual prescribed. He later inherited the title Duke of Chen and rose to regional inspector of Liangzhou. Before he took up his post, Emperor Wen visited his home, had Kang and the princess dine with him as family, and lavished gifts upon them. When his mother died he wailed until he fainted several times; Emperor Wen sent palace women to his home to restrain his grief. After a year he returned to office as regional inspector of Qizhou, then became regional commander of Youzhou; in both posts he was known for lenient and benevolent rule. When Prince Han Liang rebelled, Emperor Yang feared Kang might turn against the throne and sent Li Zixiong posthaste to replace him. Li Zixiong claimed Kang had received a letter from Liang but failed to report it; though the charge could not be verified, he was dismissed on suspicion of disloyalty. Kang had been close to Gaozu since youth; when Yang Xuangan rebelled and Gaozu commanded troops in Longyou, Kang told him, "Xuangan is only the man who sets the hounds running! The Li house has a place in the prophecy books; we can seize the moment—Heaven itself is opening the way." Gaozu replied, "Do not be the author of disaster—how reckless your words are!" Near the end of the Daye era Kang was at Lingwu patrolling the Great Wall against bandits; when he heard Gaozu had taken the capital, he exclaimed before the crowd, "That is my family's son-in-law—magnanimous and far-sighted, truly a ruler who can restore order from chaos!" He then went to Chang'an. Gaozu was delighted to see him, took his hand, and drew him to sit, saying, "So the Li house can actually succeed—what do you think?" Then they drank freely in celebration. He was soon appointed chief artisan of palace construction. In 618 he was additionally appointed chief censor while retaining his existing post. When Gaozu held court Kang sometimes sat beside him on the imperial seat; after court he was invited into the private quarters, told to put aside ceremony, and they drank and bantered as old friends. He often kept Gaozu company at feasts for hours and sometimes spent the night inside the palace. Gaozu always called him Elder Brother rather than by name, and everyone in the palace referred to him as Uncle. He spent his time at Gaozu's side in outings and banquets and took no part in state business. He became great general of the Left Martial Guard and also commanded the Left and Right Thousand-Ox Attendants. He soon joined Taizong in defeating Xue Ju and ranked first in merit. In 621 he again took part in the campaign against Wang Shichong. When the Eastern Capital fell, nine men were enshrined for merit in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and both Kang and his cousin Gui were among them. The court honored them with a troupe of female musicians and treasures beyond count. In 621 he died suddenly at a banquet; he was posthumously appointed Minister of Works and given the posthumous title Scrupulous.
8
子衍。 衍嗣,官至左武衛將軍。 時抗群從內三品七人,四品、五品十餘人,尚主三人,妃數人,冠冕之盛,當朝無比。 窦靜靜,字元休,抗第二子也。 武德初,累轉并州大總管府長史。 時突厥數為邊患,師旅歲興,軍糧不屬,靜表請太原置屯田以省饋運。 時議者以民物凋零,不宜動眾,書奏不省。 靜頻上書,辭甚切至。 於是征靜入朝,與裴寂、蕭瑀、封德彝等爭論於殿庭,寂等不能屈,竟從靜議。 歲收數千斛,高祖善之,令檢校并州大總管。 靜又以突厥頻來入寇,請斷石嶺以為障塞,復從之。 太宗即位,征拜司農卿,封信都男,尋轉夏州都督。 值突厥攜貳,諸將出征,多詣其所。 靜知虜中虛實,潛令人間其部落,郁射設所部郁孤尼等九俟斤並率眾歸款,太宗稱善,賜馬百匹、羊千口。 及擒頡利,處其部眾於河南,以為不便,上封曰:「臣聞夷狄者,同夫禽獸,窮則搏噬,群則聚塵。 不可以刑法威,不可以仁義教。 衣食仰給,不務耕桑,徒損有為之民,以資無知之虜,得之則無益於治,失之則無損於化。 然彼首丘之情,未易忘也,誠恐一旦變生,犯我王略,愚臣之所深慮。 如臣計者,莫如因其破亡之後,加其無妄之福,假以賢王之號,妻以宗室之女,分其土地,析其部落,使其權弱勢分,易為羈制。 自可永保邊塞,俾為籓臣,此實長轡遠馭之道。」 於時務在懷輯,雖未從之,太宗深嘉其志。 制曰:「北方之務,悉以相委,以卿為寧朔大使,撫鎮華戎,朕無北顧之憂矣。」 再遷民部尚書。 貞觀九年卒,謚曰肅。 子逵。
His son was Yan. Yan succeeded him and rose to general of the Left Martial Guard. At the time Kang's clan included seven third-rank officials inside the palace, more than ten of fourth and fifth rank, three princess consorts, and several imperial consorts—no family at court matched their rank and honors. Dou Jing. Jing, styled Yuanxiu, was Kang's second son. Early in the Wude era he rose to chief administrator of the great regional headquarters at Bingzhou. The Turks were raiding the frontier repeatedly, campaigns were mounted every year, and grain supplies could not keep up; Jing memorialized the throne to establish garrison farms at Taiyuan and cut supply costs. Critics argued that the people and economy were too depleted for such an effort, and the memorial went unanswered. Jing submitted memorial after memorial in urgent and forceful language. Jing was then summoned to court and debated the matter in the hall with Pei Ji, Xiao Yu, Feng Deyi, and others; they could not defeat his argument, and the court adopted his plan. The farms yielded several thousand hu each year; Gaozu approved and appointed him acting great regional commander of Bingzhou. Because the Turks kept raiding across the border, Jing also proposed blocking Shiling Pass as a defensive barrier, and that plan too was adopted. When Taizong came to the throne, Jing was summoned and appointed minister of agriculture, enfeoffed as Baron of Xindu, and soon made regional inspector of Xizhou. When the Turks split into rival factions, many commanders bound for the frontier came to consult him. Knowing the Turks' strengths and weaknesses, Jing secretly sent agents to divide their tribes; nine yabgu under Yugu Ni and others in Yushshe's division surrendered with their followers, and Taizong rewarded him with a hundred horses and a thousand sheep. After Jieli was captured and his tribes were resettled south of the Yellow River, Jing thought the policy unwise and submitted a sealed memorial: "Your subject has heard that barbarians are like beasts—cornered, they turn and attack; massed together, they stir up dust. They cannot be controlled by penal law, nor reformed by benevolence and righteousness. They live on handouts rather than farming or weaving, wasting productive subjects to sustain ignorant barbarians; keeping them brings no benefit to good government, and losing them would not harm civilization. Yet they will not easily forget their old homelands; I truly fear that one day they will rebel and violate our territory—this is what deeply troubles your foolish subject. In my view, once they are broken and defeated we should grant them unearned favor, invest them with princely titles, marry them to imperial clanswomen, divide their lands, and split their tribes until their power is weakened and fragmented and they are easy to control. That way the frontier can be secured for good and they can be kept as vassal subjects—this is truly the art of ruling distant peoples from afar." At the time the court prioritized conciliation; though his plan was not adopted, Taizong greatly admired his purpose. An edict said, "All northern affairs are entrusted to you; I appoint you Pacifier of the North to govern both Chinese and barbarians, and I need no longer worry about the northern frontier." He was later promoted to minister of the household. He died in 635 and was given the posthumous title Solemn. His son was Kui.
9
逵尚太宗女遂安公主,襲爵信都男。 窦誕誕,抗第三子也。 隋仁壽中,起家為朝請郎。 義寧初,辟丞相府祭酒,轉殿中監,封安豐郡公,尚高祖女襄陽公主。 從太宗征薛舉,為元帥府司馬。 遷刑部尚書,轉太常卿。 高祖諸少子荊王元景等未出宮者十餘王,所有國司家產之事,皆令誕主之。 出為梁州都督。 貞觀初,召拜右領軍大將軍,轉大理卿、莘國公。 修營太廟,賜物五百段。 復為殿中監,以疾解官,復拜宗正卿。 太宗常與之言,昏忘不能對,乃手詔曰:「朕聞為官擇人者治,為人擇官者亂。 竇誕比來精神衰耗,殊異常時。 知不肖而任之,睹尸祿而不退,非唯傷風亂政,亦恐為君不明。 考績黜陟,古今常典,誕可光祿大夫還第。」 尋卒,贈工部尚書、荊州刺史,謚曰安。
Kui married Taizong's daughter Princess Sui'an and inherited the title Baron of Xindu. Dou Dan. Dan was Kang's third son. During the Renshou era he began his career as a court gentleman for palace attendance. Early in the Yining era he was appointed libationer on the chancellor's staff, then director of the palace bureau, enfeoffed as Duke of Anfeng, and married Gaozu's daughter Princess Xiangyang. He joined Taizong's campaign against Xue Ju as marshal on the commander's staff. He was appointed minister of justice and then minister of imperial rites. Gaozu put Dan in charge of fief administration and household affairs for more than ten younger princes who had not yet left the palace, including Prince Jing Yuanjing. He was sent out as regional inspector of Liangzhou. Early in the Zhenguan era he was recalled as great general of the Right Army Guard, then appointed chief judge of the Court of Judicial Review and Duke of Shen. For overseeing repairs to the Imperial Ancestral Temple he was rewarded with five hundred bolts of goods. He again served as director of the palace bureau, resigned because of illness, and was later reappointed minister of the imperial clan. Taizong often spoke with him, but Dan, confused and forgetful, could not answer; Taizong then issued a personal edict: "I have heard that choosing the right men for office brings order, while choosing offices for the wrong men brings chaos. Dou Dan's mind has lately failed him, and he is nothing like the man he once was. To know a man is unfit yet keep him in office, to see him draw salary without serving—not only corrupts public morals and disrupts government, it also makes the ruler look unwise. Merit reviews and dismissals are the rule in every age; Dan is hereby made Supernumerary Palace Counselor and sent home." He died soon afterward and was posthumously appointed minister of public works and prefect of Jingzhou, with the posthumous title Tranquil.
10
子孝慈。 孝慈嗣,官至左衛將軍。 孝慈子希玠。 希玠少襲爵,中宗時為禮部尚書,以恩澤賜實封二百五十戶。 開元初為太子少傅、開府儀同三司。 誕少子孝諶,在《外戚傳》。 竇氏自武德至今,再為外戚,一品三人,三品已上三十餘人,尚主者八人,女為王妃六人,唐世貴盛,莫與為比。 窦璡璡,字之推,抗季弟也。 大業末,為扶風太守。 高祖定京師,以郡歸國,歷禮部、民部二尚書。 從太宗平薛仁杲。 尋鎮益州,時蜀中尚多寇賊,璡屢討平之。 時皇甫無逸在蜀,與之不協,璡屢請入朝。 高祖征之,中路詔令還鎮。 璡不得志,遂於路左題山,以申鬱積。 有使者至其所,璡宴之臥內,遺以綾綺。 無逸奏其事,坐免官。 未幾,拜秘書監,封鄧國公。 貞觀初,授太子詹事。 後為將作大匠,修葺洛陽宮。 璡於宮中鑿池起山,崇飾雕麗,虛費功力,太宗怒,遽令毀之。 坐事免。 會納其女為酆王妃,俄而復位,加右光祿大夫。 七年卒,贈禮部尚書,謚曰安。 璡頗曉音律,武德中,與太常少卿祖孝孫受詔定正聲雅樂,璡討論故實,撰《正聲調》一卷,行於代。
His son was Xiaoci. Xiaoci succeeded him and rose to general of the Left Guard. Xiaoci's son was Xijie. Xijie succeeded to the title while young; under Emperor Zhongzong he served as Minister of Rites and was granted a substantive fief of two hundred fifty households as a mark of favor. Early in the Kaiyuan era he was appointed junior tutor of the crown prince and commissioner with ceremonial parity of the Three Excellencies and an opening office. Dan's younger son Xiaochen is treated in the 《Biography of Affinal Kin》. From the Wude era to the present the Dou clan twice became imperial affines: three men of the highest rank, more than thirty of third rank or above, eight who married princesses, and six daughters who became princely consorts. No family in Tang times matched their eminence. Dou Jin. Jin, styled Zhitui, was Kang's youngest brother. Near the end of the Daye era he served as prefect of Fufeng. When Gaozu secured the capital, Jin surrendered his commandery and served in turn as Minister of Rites and Minister of Revenue. He followed Taizong in the campaign that pacified Xue Rengao. Soon afterward he was posted to Yizhou; bandits were still numerous in Shu, and Jin repeatedly campaigned until he had suppressed them. Huangfu Wuyi was then in Shu and at odds with him; Jin repeatedly asked to return to court. Gaozu summoned him, but an edict midway ordered him back to his post. Frustrated in his ambitions, he inscribed a cliff beside the road to vent his grievance. When an envoy came to visit him, Jin entertained him in his private quarters and gave him silks and brocades. Wuyi reported the affair to the throne, and Jin was dismissed from office. Before long he was appointed director of the Secretariat and enfeoffed as Duke of Deng. Early in the Zhenguan era he was appointed steward of the crown prince. Later he was appointed master of works and put in charge of repairing the Luoyang palace. Jin had pools dug and artificial mountains built within the palace, lavishly decorated at great waste of labor; Taizong was furious and ordered everything torn down at once. He was dismissed because of the affair. When his daughter was married to the Prince of Feng, he was soon restored to office and appointed right grand master for splendid happiness. He died in 633; he was posthumously appointed Minister of Rites and given the posthumous title Tranquil. Jin was well versed in music theory; during the Wude era he and Vice Director of the Court of Sacrifices Zu Xiaosun were ordered to establish the correct pitches and court music. Jin researched historical precedents and compiled one fascicle of the 《Correct Tones》, which circulated widely.
11
史臣曰:得人者昌,如諸溫儒雅清顯,為一時之稱; 叔達才學明辯,中二國之選。 皆抱廊廟之器,俱為社稷之臣。 威守道,軌臨戎,抗居喪,靜經略,璡音律,仍以懿親,俱至顯位; 才能門第,輝映數朝,豈非得人歟? 唐之昌也,不亦宜乎! 然彥博之褊,竇軌之酷,亦非全器焉。
The historiographer remarks: States flourish when they gain the right men. The Wen brothers, refined and eminent, were acclaimed in their day; Chen Shuda was gifted, learned, and eloquent, chosen from both the Chen and Tang courts; all possessed the capacity for high office and served as pillars of the state. Wei upheld the Way, Gui took the field, Kang was famed for filial mourning, Jing for frontier strategy, and Jin for music; as imperial kin they too rose to eminent posts; their talent and lineage shining across several reigns—was this not proof that Tang had gained the right men? Small wonder that Tang flourished as it did! Yet Yanbo's narrowness and Dou Gui's cruelty show that even these men were not without flaw.
12
贊曰:溫、陳才位,文蔚典禮。 諸竇戚裡,榮盛無比。
In praise: The Wen and Chen clans in talent and rank; Dou Wenwei in ritual and ceremony. The Dou clan as imperial kin—none could match their glory.