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高宗中宗諸子
Sons of Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Zhongzong
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○燕王忠原王孝澤王上金許王素節孝敬皇帝弘 （裴居道附） 章懷太子賢 （賢子邠王守禮） 懿德太子重潤庶人重福節湣太子重俊殤帝重茂
○ Prince of Yan Zhong; Prince Yuan Xiao; Prince of Ze Shangjin; Prince of Xu Sujie; Emperor Xiaojing Hong (with appended biography of Pei Judao) Crown Prince Zhanghuai Xian (Xian's son, Prince of Bin Shouli) Crown Prince Yide Chongrun; Commoner Chongfu; Crown Prince Jiemin Chongjun; Emperor Shang Chongmao
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1.5.1附裴居道
1.5.1 Appended: Pei Judao
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1.6.1賢子邠王守禮
1.6.1 Xian's son, Prince of Bin Shouli
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1.6.1.1子承宏
1.6.1.1 Son Chenghong
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高宗諸子
Sons of Emperor Gaozong
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高宗八男：則天順聖皇后生中宗、睿宗及孝敬皇帝弘、章懷太子賢，後宮劉氏生燕王忠，鄭氏生原王孝，楊氏生澤王上金，蕭淑妃生許王素節。
Emperor Gaozong had eight sons. Empress Wu Zetian bore Zhongzong, Ruizong, Emperor Xiaojing Hong, and Crown Prince Zhanghuai Xian. Lady Liu of the inner palace bore Prince of Yan Zhong; Lady Zheng bore Prince Yuan Xiao; Lady Yang bore Prince of Ze Shangjin; and Consort Xiao Shufei bore Prince of Xu Sujie.
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燕王忠
Prince of Yan Zhong
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燕王忠，字正本，高宗長子也。 高宗初入東宮而生忠，宴宮僚於弘教殿。 太宗幸宮，顧謂宮臣曰：“頃來王業稍可，非無酒食，而唐突卿等宴會者，朕初有此孫，故相就為樂耳。 ”太宗酒酣起舞，以屬群臣，在位於是遍舞，盡日而罷，賜物有差。
Prince of Yan Zhong, whose style name was Zhengben, was the eldest son of Emperor Gaozong. Zhong was born soon after Gaozong entered the Eastern Palace as heir apparent, and the emperor held a feast for palace officials in Hongjiao Hall. When Emperor Taizong visited the palace, he said to the palace officials: "The realm has lately been in fair order, and it is not as though wine and food are scarce; yet I have taken the liberty of summoning you to this feast because I have my first grandson and wished to celebrate with you." When Taizong, well into his cups, rose to dance and passed the lead to his ministers, everyone present danced in turn. The celebration lasted all day, and gifts were distributed according to rank.
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貞觀二十年，封為陳王。 永徽元年，拜雍州牧。 時王皇后無子，其舅中書令柳奭說後謀立忠為皇太子，以忠母賤，冀其親己，後然之。 奭與尚書右僕射褚遂良、侍中韓瑗諷、太尉長孫無忌、右僕射於誌寧等，固請立忠為儲後，高宗許之。 三年，立忠為皇太子，大赦天下，五品已上子為父後者賜勳一級。 六年，加元服，製大辟罪已下並降一等，大酺三日。 其年，王皇后被廢，武昭儀所生皇子弘年三歲。 禮部尚書許敬宗希旨上疏曰：“伏惟陛下憲章千古，含育萬邦，爰立聖慈，母儀天下。 既而皇后生子，合處少陽。 出自塗山，是謂吾君之胤； 夙聞胎教，宜展問豎之心。 乃復為孽奪宗，降居藩邸，是使前星匿彩，瑤嶽韜峰。 臣以愚誠，竊所未喻。 且今之守器，素非皇嫡，永徽爰始，國本未生，權引彗星，越升明兩。 近者元妃載誕，正胤降神，重光日融，爝暉宜息。 安可以茲傍統，叨據溫文？ 國有諍臣，孰逃其責！ 竊惟息姑克讓，可以思齊； 劉強守藩，宜遵往軌。 追跡太伯，不亦休哉？ 踵武延陵，故常安矣。 寧可反植枝幹，久易位於天庭； 倒襲衣裳，使違方於震位？ 蠢爾黎庶，雲誰係心？ 垂裕後昆，將何播美？ ”高宗從之。 顯慶元年，廢忠為梁王，授梁州都督，賜實封二千戶，物二萬段，甲第一區。 其年，轉房州刺史。
In 646 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Chen. In 650 he was appointed Governor of Yongzhou. Empress Wang was childless, and her uncle Liu Shi, Chief Minister of the Secretariat, urged her to have Zhong named crown prince, arguing that because his mother was of humble birth he would remain close to the empress. She agreed. Liu Shi joined Chu Suiliang, Han Yuan, Zhangsun Wuji, Yu Zhining, and others in pressing Gaozong to name Zhong heir apparent, and the emperor agreed. In 652 Zhong was named crown prince. A general amnesty was declared, and heirs of officials of fifth rank and above received one grade of merit. In 655 he came of age. Capital crimes and all lesser offenses were reduced by one degree, and the court held three days of public celebration. That year Empress Wang was deposed, and Lady Wu's son Hong was three years old. Xu Jingzong, Minister of Rites, submitted a flattering memorial: "Your Majesty's laws illumine the ages and nurture all lands; you have raised a sage and loving consort who embodies motherhood for the realm." Now that the empress has borne a son, he rightly belongs in the eastern palace of the heir. Born of Tushan, he is truly our sovereign's heir; reared from the womb in virtue, he should show the mind eager to learn from his teachers. Yet a lesser son again holds the succession while the true heir is sent to a princely residence, dimming the heir's star and hiding the jade mountain's peak. In my humble sincerity I cannot understand this. Moreover, the present heir was never the legitimate son. From the start of Yonghui, before the true heir was born, a comet was provisionally elevated above the rightful pair. Lately the chief consort has borne a son; the true heir has come down from heaven. The sun's doubled light should shine as one, and the lesser flame ought to be put out. How can this collateral line presumptuously hold the heir's place? When the state has ministers who speak plainly, who can shirk this duty! I reflect that Xigong's willingness to yield offers a model to follow; and Liu Qiang's holding to his fief should follow precedent. To follow Taibo's example—would that not be excellent? Following Yanling's path, all would remain secure. How can branches be planted upside down and positions in the court long be reversed; or garments be worn inside out so that the improper occupies the heir's place? The common people—upon whom will their hearts depend? What glory will you leave to posterity? Gaozong accepted the memorial. In 656 Zhong was deposed and made Prince of Liang, with appointment as commissioner of Liangzhou, a substantive fief of two thousand households, twenty thousand bolts of goods, and a suit of first-rank armor. That year he was transferred to Prefect of Fangzhou.
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原王孝
Prince Yuan Xiao
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原王孝，高宗第二子也。 永徽元年，封許王。 三年，拜并州都督。 顯慶三年，累除遂州刺史。 麟德元年薨，贈益州大都督，諡曰悼。 神龍初，追贈原王、司徒、益州大都督。
Prince Yuan Xiao was Gaozong's second son. In 650 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Xu. In 652 he was appointed commissioner of Bingzhou. In 658 he was appointed Prefect of Suizhou. He died in 664 and was posthumously made Grand Commissioner of Yizhou, with the posthumous name Dao (Lamented). Early in the Shenlong era he was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince Yuan, Minister of Education, and Grand Commissioner of Yizhou.
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澤王上金
Prince of Ze Shangjin
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澤王上金，高宗第三子也。 永徽元年，封杞王。 三年，遙授益州大都督。 乾封元年，累轉壽州刺史，有罪免官，削封邑，仍於澧州安置。 上金既為則天所惡，所司希旨，求索罪失以奏之，故有此黜。 永隆二年二月，則天矯抗表杞王上金、鄱陽王素節許同朝集之例，義陽、宣城二公主緣母蕭氏獲譴，從夫外官，請授官職。 以上金為沔州刺史，素節為岳州刺史，仍不預朝集。 嗣聖元年，上金、素節，義陽、宣城二公主聽赴哀。 文明元年，上金封畢王，素節封為葛王。 又改上金封為澤王、蘇州刺史，素節許王、隆州刺史。 垂拱元年，改陳州刺史。 永昌元年，授太子左衛率，出為隨州刺史。 載初元年，武承嗣使酷吏周興誣告上金、素節謀反，召至都，係於御史台。 舒州刺史、許王素節見殺於都城南驛，因害其支黨。 上金恐懼，自縊死。 子義珍、義玫、義璋、義環、義瑾、義遂七人並配流顯州而死。 神龍初，追復上金官爵，封庶子義珣為嗣澤王。
Prince of Ze Shangjin was Gaozong's third son. In 650 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Qi. In 652 he was appointed in absentia as Grand Commissioner of Yizhou. In 666 he was made Prefect of Shouzhou. After an offense he was dismissed, his fief was reduced, and he was confined at Lizhou. Wu Zetian already disliked Shangjin, and the responsible offices, eager to please her, hunted for faults to report—hence this dismissal. In February 681 Wu Zetian forged a memorial allowing Princes Qi Shangjin and Poyang Sujie to attend court assemblies. The princesses of Yiyang and Xuancheng, whose mother Consort Xiao had been punished, had followed their husbands into provincial service and now requested official posts. Shangjin was made Prefect of Mianzhou and Sujie Prefect of Yuezhou, but they were still barred from court assemblies. In 684 Shangjin, Sujie, and the princesses of Yiyang and Xuancheng were permitted to attend the mourning rites. In 684 Shangjin was enfeoffed as Prince of Bi and Sujie as Prince of Ge. Shangjin was then made Prince of Ze and Prefect of Suzhou; Sujie was made Prince of Xu and Prefect of Longzhou. In 685 he was transferred to Prefect of Chenzhou. In 689 he was appointed Left Leader of the Crown Prince's Guard and sent out as Prefect of Suizhou. In 689 Wu Chengsi had the notorious investigator Zhou Xing accuse Shangjin and Sujie of treason. They were summoned to the capital and imprisoned at the Censorate. Prince of Xu Sujie, Prefect of Shuzhou, was killed at the southern relay station outside the capital, and his kin were destroyed as well. Terrified, Shangjin hanged himself. His seven sons Yizhen, Yimei, Yizhang, Yihuan, Yijin, and Yisui were all exiled to Xianzhou and died there. Early in the Shenlong era Shangjin's titles were posthumously restored, and his son by a concubine, Yixun, was enfeoffed as Heir Prince of Ze.
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先是，義珣竄在嶺外，匿於傭保之間。 及紹封無幾，有人告義珣非上金子，假冒襲爵。 義珣不能自明，復流於嶺外。 開元初，封素節子璆為嗣澤王，繼上金後。 十二年，玉真公主表稱義珣實上金遺胤，被嗣許王瓘兄弟利其封爵，謀構廢之。 今上由是削璆王爵，復召義珣為嗣澤王，拜率更令。 因是，諸宗室非本宗襲爵，自中興已後繼為嗣王者，皆令歸宗，削其爵邑也。
Earlier Yixun had fled south of the mountains and hidden among hired laborers. Soon after his enfeoffment someone reported that Yixun was not Shangjin's son and had fraudulently claimed the title. Unable to clear himself, Yixun was exiled south again. Early in the Kaiyuan era Sujie's son Qiu was enfeoffed as Heir Prince of Ze to succeed Shangjin. In 724 Princess Yuzhen memorialized that Yixun was truly Shangjin's surviving heir and had been framed by Heir Prince of Xu Guan and his brothers, who coveted his title. The emperor thereupon stripped Qiu of his title, recalled Yixun as Heir Prince of Ze, and appointed him Director of the Directorate of Astronomy. Thereafter all imperial clansmen who had inherited titles outside their own line since the restoration were ordered back to their original houses and stripped of their fiefs.
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許王素節
Prince of Xu Sujie
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許王素節，高宗第四子也。 年六歲，永徽二年，封雍王，尋授雍州牧。 素節能日誦古詩賦五百餘言，受業於學十徐齊聃，精勤不倦，高宗甚愛之。 又轉岐州刺史。 年十二，改封郇王。
Prince of Xu Sujie was Gaozong's fourth son. At age six, in 651, he was enfeoffed as Prince of Yong and soon appointed Governor of Yongzhou. Sujie could recite more than five hundred lines of classical poetry a day. He studied under Academician Xu Qidan with tireless diligence, and Gaozong doted on him. He was then transferred to Prefect of Qizhou. At twelve he was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Xun.
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初，則天未為皇后也，與素節母蕭淑妃爭寵，遞相譖毀。 六年，則天立為皇后後，淑妃竟為則天所譖毀，幽辱而殺之。 素節尤被讒嫉，出為申州刺史。 乾封初，下敕曰：“素節既舊疾患，宜不須入朝。 ”而素節實無疾。 素節自以久乖朝覲，遂著《忠孝論》以見意，詞多不載。 時王府倉曹參軍張柬之因使潛封此論以進，則天見之，逾不悅，誣以贓賄，降封鄱陽郡王，仍於袁州安置。 儀鳳二年，禁錮終身，又改於岳州安置。 永隆元年，轉岳州刺史，後改封葛王。 則天稱製，又進封許王，累除舒州刺史。 天授中，與上金同被誣告，追赴都。 臨發州，聞有遭喪哭者，謂左右曰：“病死何由可得，更何須哭！ ”行至都城南龍門驛，被縊死，年四十三，則天令以庶人禮葬之。 中宗即位，追封許王，贈開府儀同三司、許州刺史，仍以禮改葬，陪於乾陵。
Before Wu Zetian became empress, she and Sujie's mother Consort Xiao Shufei had vied for the emperor's favor and slandered each other. In 655, after Wu became empress, Shufei was ultimately framed, imprisoned, and killed. Sujie was especially targeted by slander and was sent out as Prefect of Shenzhou. Early in the Qianfeng era an edict declared: "Because Sujie has long been ill, he need not attend court." In fact he was not ill at all. Believing he had long been barred from court, Sujie wrote the Treatise on Loyalty and Filial Piety to express his grievance; most of its text is not preserved here. Zhang Jianzhi, a staff officer of the princely household, had the treatise secretly submitted. Wu Zetian was further enraged, falsely charged him with bribery, reduced him to Prince of Poyang, and confined him at Yuanzhou. In 677 he was imprisoned for life and transferred to confinement at Yuezhou. In 680 he was made Prefect of Yuezhou and later re-enfeoffed as Prince of Ge. When Wu Zetian took the throne he was further enfeoffed as Prince of Xu and appointed Prefect of Shuzhou. During the Tian shou era he was, like Shangjin, falsely accused of treason and summoned to the capital. As he was leaving his post he heard funeral wailing and said to his attendants: "How could I hope to die of illness? Why bother weeping!" At Longmen Relay south of the capital he was strangled. He was forty-three. Wu Zetian ordered him buried with commoner rites. When Zhongzong took the throne, Sujie was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Xu, given the rank of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with First-Class Honors, and reburied with full rites beside Qianling.
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素節被殺之時，子瑛、琬、璣、瑒等九人並為則天所殺，惟少子琳、瓘、璆、欽古以年小，特令長禁雷州。 神龍初，封瓘為嗣許王。 開元初，封琳為嗣越王，以紹越王貞之後。 璆為嗣澤王，以繼伯父澤王上金之後。 琳，官至右監門將軍，卒。 瓘，開元十一年為衛慰卿。 以抑伯上金男不得承襲，以弟璆繼之，遽譴瓘為鄂州別駕。 於是下詔絕其外繼，乃以故澤王上金男義珣為嗣澤王，江王禕為信安郡王，嗣蜀王褕為廣漢郡王，嗣密王徹為濮陽郡王，嗣曹王臻為濟國公，嗣趙王琚為中山郡王，武陽郡王繼宗為澧國公。 瓘累遷邠州刺史、秘書監、守太子詹事。 璆性仁厚謹願，居家邕睦，朝廷重之。 天寶六載卒，贈蜀郡大都督。 瓘晚有子，命璆子益為嗣。 及卒，有解、需二子，皆幼孺。 十一載，益襲封許王。 十四載，解娶楊銛女，乃襲許王。 璆初為嗣澤王，降為郢國公、宗王卿同正員，特封褒信郡王。 進《龍池皇德頌》，遷宗正卿、光祿卿、殿中監。 天寶初，重拜宗五卿，加金紫光祿大夫。 璆友弟聰敏，聞善若驚，宗子中有一善，無不薦拔，故宗枝居省闥者，多是璆之所舉。 九載卒，贈江陵大都督。
When Sujie was killed, nine of his sons including Ying, Wan, Ji, and Yang were executed. Only the younger sons Lin, Guan, Qiu, and Qingu, being still young, were sentenced to lifelong confinement at Leizhou. Early in the Shenlong era Guan was enfeoffed as Heir Prince of Xu. Early in the Kaiyuan era Lin was enfeoffed as Heir Prince of Yue to continue the line of Prince Zhen. Qiu was made Heir Prince of Ze to succeed his uncle Shangjin. Lin rose to Right Supervisor of the Gate Guards and died in office. In 723 Guan became Commandant of the Guards. To block Shangjin's son from inheriting, his brother Qiu was made heir instead, and Guan was abruptly demoted to Vice-Prefect of Ezhou. An edict then ended external succession lines. Shangjin's son Yixun was made Heir Prince of Ze, and several other princes were given new commandery titles to restore proper succession. Guan was later made Prefect of Binzhou, Director of the Secretariat, and Acting Crown Prince's Household Administrator. Qiu was benevolent, cautious, and harmonious at home, and the court held him in high regard. He died in 747 and was posthumously made Grand Commissioner of Shujun. Guan had a son late in life and named Qiu's son Yi as his heir. When he died he left two infant sons, Jie and Xu. In 752 Yi inherited the title Prince of Xu. In 755 Jie married Yang Qian's daughter and inherited the title Prince of Xu. Qiu was first Heir Prince of Ze, then reduced to Duke of Ying and Associate Director of the Imperial Clan, and specially enfeoffed as Prince of Baoxin. He presented the Ode to Imperial Virtue at the Dragon Pool and was promoted to Director of the Imperial Clan, Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, and Supervisor of the Palace. Early in the Tianbao era he was again appointed Director of the Imperial Clan and given the rank of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon. Qiu was affable and quick-witted, eager to hear of any good deed. He recommended every worthy clansman, and most imperial relatives in high office owed their posts to him. He died in 750 and was posthumously made Grand Commissioner of Jiangling.
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孝敬皇帝弘
Emperor Xiaojing Hong
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孝敬皇帝弘，高宗第五子也。 永徽四年，封代王。 顯慶元年，立為皇太子，大赦改元。 弘嚐受《春秋左氏傳》於率更令郭瑜，至楚子商臣之事，廢卷而歎曰：“此事臣子所不忍聞，經籍聖人垂訓，何故書此？ ”瑜對曰：“孔子修《春秋》，義薦褒貶，故善惡必書。 褒善以示代，貶惡以誡後，故使商臣之惡，顯於千載。 ”太子曰：“非唯口不可道，故亦耳不忍聞，請改讀餘書。 ”瑜再拜賀曰：“裏名勝母，曾子不入； 邑號朝歌，墨子回車。 殿下誠孝冥資，睿情天發，凶悖之跡，黜於視聽。 循奉德音，實深慶躍。 臣聞安上理人，莫善於禮，非禮無以事天地之神，非禮無以辨君臣之位，故先王重焉。 孔子曰：‘不學《禮》，無以立。 ’請停《春秋》而讀《禮記》。 ”太子從之。 龍朔元年，命中書令、太子賓客許敬宗，侍中兼太子右庶子許圉師，中書侍郎上官儀，太子中舍人楊思儉等於文思殿博采古今文集，摘其英詞麗句，以類相從，勒成五百卷，名曰《瑤山玉彩》，表上之。 製賜物三萬段，敬宗已下加級、賜帛有差。 總章元年二月，親釋菜司成館，因請贈顏回太子少師，曾參太子少保，高宗並從之。
Emperor Xiaojing Hong was Gaozong's fifth son. In 653 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Dai. In 656 he was named crown prince. A general amnesty was declared and the reign title changed. Hong studied the Zuo Commentary under Guo Yu, Director of Astronomy. When he reached the story of the Chu heir Shangchen, he set the scroll aside and said: "No loyal subject could bear to hear this. The classics are the sage's teaching—why record such a deed?" Guo Yu replied: "Confucius compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals to praise and blame by principle, so good and evil must both be recorded." Good deeds are praised to instruct posterity; evil is condemned to warn those who follow—so Shangchen's crime is known through the ages. The crown prince said: "I cannot speak of it, nor bear to hear it. Please let me study another text." Guo Yu bowed twice and said: "In a village called Shengmu, Zengzi would not enter;" in a place called Chaoge, Mozi turned his carriage back. Your Highness's filial piety is inborn and your wisdom heaven-sent; you have banished wicked deeds from your sight and hearing. I am deeply gratified to follow your virtuous command. I have heard that nothing governs people better than ritual. Without ritual one cannot serve Heaven and Earth or define the roles of ruler and subject—hence the former kings prized it. Confucius said: 'Without studying the Rites, one cannot stand.' Please set aside the Spring and Autumn and read the Record of Rites instead. The crown prince agreed. In 661 he ordered Xu Jingzong, Xu Yanshi, Shangguan Yi, Yang Sijian, and others to compile five hundred scrolls of fine passages from ancient and modern literature, arranged by category, entitled Jade Splendor of Mount Yao, and present it to the throne. The emperor bestowed thirty thousand bolts of goods; Jingzong and the others received promotions and silk gifts according to rank. In February 668 he personally performed the vegetable offering at the Directorate of Education and requested that Yan Hui be posthumously made Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince and Zeng Shen Junior Guardian; Gaozong approved both.
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時有敕，征邊遼軍人逃亡限內不首及更有逃亡者，身並處斬，家口沒官。 太子上表諫曰：“竊聞所司以背軍之人，身久不出，家口皆擬沒官。 亦有限外出首，未經斷罪，諸州囚禁，人數至多。 或臨時遇病，不及軍伍，緣茲怖懼，遂即逃亡； 或因樵采，被賊抄掠； 或渡海來去，漂沒滄波； 或深入賊庭，有被傷殺。 軍法嚴重，皆須相傔。 若不及傔，及不因戰亡，即同隊之人，兼合有罪。 遂有無故死失，多注為逃。 軍旅之中，不暇勘當，直據隊司通狀，將作真逃，家口令總沒官，論情實可哀湣。 《書》曰：‘與其殺不辜，寧失不經。 ’伏願逃亡之家，免其配沒。 ”製從之。
An edict then decreed that soldiers in the Liaodong campaign who failed to surrender within the allotted time, and any further deserters, would be executed and their families confiscated. The crown prince memorialized: "I hear that offices plan to confiscate the families of soldiers who deserted and have long failed to report." Many who surrendered within the time limit remain unsentenced and imprisoned across the prefectures. Some fell ill and could not reach their units, and fled in fear; some were robbed while gathering firewood; some crossing the sea were lost at sea; some penetrating deep into enemy territory were wounded or killed. Military law is strict: soldiers must keep together. If a man fails to keep with his unit or dies other than in battle, his squad mates are also guilty. Thus many deaths and disappearances are wrongly recorded as desertions. In the field there is no time for investigation; squad reports alone mark men as deserters and their families for confiscation—a truly pitiable situation. The Documents say: 'Better to spare the guilty than execute the innocent.' I beg that the families of deserters be spared confiscation. The emperor accepted the memorial.
23
咸亨二年，駕幸東都，留太子於京師監國。 時屬大旱，關中饑乏，令取廓下兵士糧視之，見有食榆皮蓬實者，乃令家令等各給米使足。 是時戴至德、張文瓘兼左庶子，與右庶子蕭德昭同為輔弼，太子多疾病，庶政皆決於至德等。 時義陽、宣城二公主以母得罪，幽於掖庭，太子見之驚惻，遽奏請令出降。 又請以同州沙苑地分借貧人。 詔並許之。 又召詣東都，納右衛將軍裴居道女為妃。 所司奏以白雁為贄，適會苑中獲白雁，高宗喜曰：“漢獲朱雁，遂為樂府； 今獲白雁，得為婚贄。 彼禮但成謠頌，此禮便首人倫，異代相望，我無慚德也。 ”裴氏甚有婦禮，高宗嚐謂侍臣曰：“東宮內政，吾無憂矣。”
In 671 the emperor went to Luoyang and left the crown prince in Chang'an to oversee the state. A severe drought had brought famine to Guanzhong. He inspected soldiers' rations and found men eating elm bark and cattail seeds; he ordered the palace staff to supply them with sufficient rice. Dai Zhide and Zhang Wenguan served as Left Vice Directors, with Xiao Dezhao as Right Vice Director. The crown prince was often ill, and routine affairs were decided by them. The princesses of Yiyang and Xuancheng, whose mother had been punished, were confined in the rear palace. The crown prince was moved with pity and memorialized that they be allowed to marry. He also requested that land in Shayuan, Tongzhou, be lent to the poor. Both requests were approved. He was summoned to Luoyang and took as consort the daughter of Right Guards General Pei Judao. The offices reported a white goose as betrothal gift, and one was caught in the imperial park. Gaozong rejoiced: "When the Han obtained a vermilion goose, it became a court song;" "now we have a white goose for a marriage gift." That ritual produced only songs of praise; this one crowns the bonds of kinship. Ages apart, yet I need not blush for virtue. Lady Pei was exemplary in wifely conduct. Gaozong once told his attendants: "The Eastern Palace household needs no concern from me."
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上元二年，太子從幸合璧宮，尋薨，年二十四。 製曰：“皇太子弘，生知誕質，惟幾毓性。 直城趨賀，肅敬著於三朝； 中寢問安，仁孝聞於四海。 自琰圭在手，沉瘵嬰身，顧惟耀掌之珍，特切鍾心之念，庶其痊復，以禪鴻名。 及腠理微和，將遜於位，而弘天資仁厚，孝心純確，既承朕命，掩不言，因茲感結，舊疾增甚。 億兆攸係，方崇下武之基； 五福無徵，俄遷上賓之駕。 昔周文至愛，遂延慶於九齡； 朕之不慈，遽永訣於千古。 天性之重，追懷哽咽，宜申往命，加以尊名。 夫諡者，行之跡也； 號者，事之表也。 慈惠愛親曰‘孝’，死不忘君曰‘敬’，諡為孝敬皇帝。 ”其年，葬於緱氏縣景山之恭陵。 制度一準天子之禮，百官從權製三十六日降服。 高宗親為製《睿德紀》，並自書之於石，樹於陵側。 初，將營築恭陵，功費钜億，萬姓厭役，呼嗟滿道，遂亂投磚瓦而散。
In 675 the crown prince accompanied the emperor to Hebi Palace and soon died, aged twenty-four. An edict said: "Crown Prince Hong was born wise, his nature heaven-bestowed, his character finely nurtured." His solemn respect was manifest at court audiences; his filial inquiries at the inner quarters won renown throughout the realm. From the time he received the heir's jade, illness afflicted him. I cherished him as the treasure of my palm and hoped he would recover to receive the great succession. When he seemed to improve and was about to yield the throne, Hong's nature was so benevolent and filial that, having received my command, he kept silent; the emotional strain worsened his old illness. The people depended on him; we were establishing the foundation of the dynasty; yet the five blessings failed, and suddenly he departed as a guest on high. King Wen of Zhou, in utmost love, was blessed with long life; but my lack of kindness has brought eternal parting. The weight of paternal love moves me to tears. His former command should be fulfilled and an honored name bestowed. A posthumous name records conduct; a title is the outward sign of deeds. Benevolent love of kin is Xiao; not forgetting the ruler in death is Jing—his posthumous name is Emperor Xiaojing. That year he was buried at Gongling on Jingshan in Gouyi County. The rites followed those of an emperor in full; officials wore reduced mourning for thirty-six days by expedient practice. Gaozong personally composed the Record of Sagely Virtue, inscribed it on stone, and set it beside the tomb. When Gongling was first built, costs ran to hundreds of millions. The people wearied of corvée, lamentations filled the roads, and workers scattered, hurling bricks and tiles.
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太子無子，長壽中，製令楚王諱繼其後。 中宗踐祚，製祔於太廟，號曰義宗，又追贈妃裴氏為哀皇后。 景雲元年，中書令姚元之、吏部尚書宋璟奏言：“準禮，大行皇帝山陵事終，即合祔廟。 其太廟第七室，先祔皇昆義宗孝敬皇帝、哀皇后裴氏神主。 伏以義宗未登大位，崩後追尊，至神龍之初，乃特令升祔。 《春秋》之義，國君即位未逾年者，不合列昭穆。 又古者祖宗各別立廟，孝敬皇帝恭陵既在洛州，望於東都別立義宗之廟，遷祔孝敬皇帝、哀皇后神主，命有司以時享祭，則不違先旨，又協古訓，人神允穆，進退得宜。 在此神主，望入夾室安置，伏願陛下以禮斷恩。 ”詔從之。 開元六年，有司上言：“孝敬皇帝今別廟將建，亨祔有期，準禮，不合更以義宗為廟號，請以本諡孝敬為廟稱。 ”於是始停義宗之號。
The crown prince had no son; during the Changshou era an edict named Prince of Chu Hui as his heir. When Zhongzong took the throne, an edict enshrined Hong in the ancestral temple as Yizong and posthumously made Consort Pei Empress Ai. In 710 Yao Yuanzhi and Song Jing memorialized: "By ritual, when the late emperor's tomb is complete, he should be enshrined in the temple." The seventh chamber of the Grand Temple already held the tablets of Yizong, Emperor Xiaojing, and Empress Ai Lady Pei. Yizong never actually reigned; he was honored only after death and enshrined in the temple only at the start of the Shenlong era. The Spring and Autumn Annals hold that a ruler who reigned less than a year should not enter the ancestral sequence. In antiquity ancestors had separate temples. Since Gongling is in Luozhou, we beg that a separate temple to Yizong be built in Luoyang, the tablets of Emperor Xiaojing and Empress Ai moved there, and seasonal sacrifices ordered—honoring precedent, conforming to ancient teaching, and satisfying both spirits and men. As for the tablets here, we beg they be placed in the side chamber. We humbly wish Your Majesty to let ritual govern affection. The edict approved the memorial. In 718 the offices reported: "Emperor Xiaojing's separate temple is to be built. By ritual the temple should not be called Yizong but should use his posthumous name Xiaojing." The title Yizong was then discontinued.
26
附裴居道
Appended: Pei Judao
27
裴居道，絳州聞喜人，隋兵部侍郎鏡民孫也。 父熙載，貞觀中為尚書左丞。 居道以女為太子妃，則天時，歷位納言、內史、太子少保，封翼國公。 載初元年春，為酷吏所陷，下獄死。
Pei Judao, a native of Wenxi in Jiangzhou, was grandson of Jingmin, Sui Vice Minister of War. His father Xizai served as Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs under Taizong. Because his daughter was crown princess, during Wu Zetian's reign Judao served as Admonisher, Inner Scribe, and Junior Guardian to the Crown Prince, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Yiguo. In the spring of 689 he was framed by notorious investigators, imprisoned, and died.
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章懷太子賢
Crown Prince Zhanghuai Xian
29
上元二上，孝敬皇帝薨。 其年六月，立為皇太子，大赦天下，尋令監國。 賢處事明審，為時論所稱。 儀鳳元年，手敕褒之曰：“皇太子賢自頃監國，留心政要。 撫字之道，既盡於哀矜； 刑綱所施，務存於審察。 加以聽覽餘暇，專精墳典。 往聖遺編，鹹窺壺奧； 先王策府，備討菁華。 好善載彰，作貞斯在，家國之寄，深副所懷。 可賜物五百段。 ”賢又招集當時學者太子左庶子張大安、洗馬劉訥言、洛州司戶格希玄、學士許叔牙成玄一史藏諸周寶寧等，注范曄《後漢書》，表上之，賜物三萬段，仍以其書付秘閣。
In 675 Emperor Xiaojing died. In the sixth month of that year he was named crown prince. A general amnesty was declared, and he was soon ordered to oversee the state. Xian was clear and discerning in affairs and won praise from his contemporaries. In 676 a handwritten edict praised him: "Crown Prince Xian, since overseeing the state, has attended to the essentials of government." In governing the people he has shown full compassion; in applying the law he strives for careful scrutiny. In his leisure from state affairs he devotes himself to the classics. He has mastered the inner mysteries of the sages' writings; and studied the finest passages in the royal archives. His love of virtue is manifest and his constancy proven—the hopes I place in him for family and state are fully met. Grant him five hundred bolts of goods. Xian also gathered scholars including Zhang Da'an, Liu Nayan, Ge Xixuan, Xu Shuya, Cheng Xuanyi, and others to annotate Fan Ye's Book of Later Han. He submitted it to the throne, received thirty thousand bolts of goods, and the work was deposited in the imperial archive.
30
時正議大夫明崇儼以符劾之術為則天所任使，密稱“英王狀類太宗”。 又宮人潛議雲“賢是後姊韓國夫人所生”，賢亦自疑懼。 則天又嚐為賢撰《少陽政範》及《孝子傳》以賜之，仍數作書以責讓賢，賢逾不自安。 調露二年，崇儼為盜所殺，則天疑賢所為。 俄使人發其陰謀事，詔令中書侍郎薛元超、黃門侍郎裴炎、御史大夫高智周與法官推鞫之，於東宮馬坊搜得皂甲數百領，乃廢賢為庶人，幽於別所。 永淳二年，遷於巴州。 文明元年，則天臨朝，令左金吾將軍丘神勣往巴州檢校賢宅，以備外虞。 神勣遂閉於別室，逼令自殺，年三十二。 則天舉哀於顯福門，貶神勣為疊州刺史，追封賢為雍王。 神龍初，追贈司徒，仍遣使迎其喪柩，陪葬於乾陵。 睿宗踐祚，又追贈皇太子，諡曰章懷。 有三子：光順、守禮、守義。
Ming Chongyan, a specialist in occult investigation favored by Wu Zetian, secretly said that Prince Ying resembled Emperor Taizong. Palace women also whispered that Xian was born to Wu's late sister, Lady of Korea, and Xian himself grew fearful. Wu Zetian also composed Political Standards of Lesser Yang and Biographies of Filial Sons for him, yet repeatedly wrote letters reproaching him, and Xian grew ever more uneasy. In 680 Chongyan was killed by bandits, and Wu Zetian suspected Xian. Agents soon uncovered a conspiracy. Xue Yuanchao, Pei Yan, Gao Zhizhou, and judicial officials were ordered to investigate. Hundreds of suits of black armor were found in the Eastern Palace stables. Xian was deposed as a commoner and confined. In 683 he was transferred to Bazhou. In 684 Wu Zetian ordered Left Golden Crow General Qiu Shenji to inspect Xian's residence at Bazhou. Shenji confined him and forced him to kill himself. He was thirty-two. Wu Zetian mourned at Xianfu Gate, demoted Shenji to Prefect of Diezhou, and posthumously enfeoffed Xian as Prince of Yong. Early in the Shenlong era he was posthumously made Minister of Education, his coffin brought back, and he was buried beside Qianling. When Ruizong took the throne, Xian was posthumously made crown prince with the name Zhanghuai. He had three sons: Guangshun, Shouli, and Shouyi.
31
光順，大授中封安樂郡王，尋被誅。 守義，文明年封犍為郡王。 垂拱四年，徙封永安郡王，病卒。
Guangshun was enfeoffed as Prince of Anle during the Dashou era and was soon executed. Shouyi was enfeoffed as Prince of Jianwei in the Wenming era. In 688 he was transferred to Prince of Yong'an and died of illness.
32
守禮本名光仁，垂拱初改名守禮，授太子洗馬，封嗣雍王。 時中宗遷於房陵，睿宗雖居帝位，絕人朝謁，諸武讚成革命之計，深嫉宗枝。 守禮以父得罪，與睿宗諸子同處於宮中，凡十餘年不出庭院。 至聖曆元年，睿宗自皇嗣封為相王，許出外邸。 睿宗諸子五子皆封郡王，與守禮始居於外。 神龍元年，中宗纂位，授守禮光祿卿同正員。 神龍中，遺詔進封邠王，賜實封五百戶。 景雲二年，帶光祿卿，兼幽州刺史，轉左金吾衛大將軍，遙領單於大都護。 先天二年，遷司空。 開元初，歷虢、隴、襄、晉、滑六州刺史，非奏事及大事，並上佐知州。 時寧、申、岐、薛、邠同為刺史，皆擇首僚以持綱紀。 源乾曜、袁嘉祚、潘好禮皆為邠府長史兼州佐，守禮唯弋獵、伎樂、飲謔而已。 九年已後，諸王並征還京師。
Shouli, originally named Guangren, was renamed Shouli early in the Chuigong era, appointed Crown Prince Groom, and enfeoffed as heir to the Prince of Yong. Zhongzong had been sent to Fangling. Ruizong held the throne but received no court audiences. The Wu clan promoted Wu Zetian's takeover and deeply resented the imperial princes. Because his father had been disgraced, Shouli lived in the palace with Ruizong's sons and did not leave the courtyard for more than ten years. In 698 Ruizong was enfeoffed from Imperial Heir as Prince of Xiang and allowed to live outside the palace. All five of Ruizong's sons were enfeoffed as commandery princes, and Shouli began living outside the palace with them. In 705, when Zhongzong took the throne, Shouli was appointed Commissioner of the Imperial Household. During the Shenlong era a testamentary edict advanced him to Prince of Bin and granted five hundred households of substantive enfeoffment. In 711 he served concurrently as Commissioner of the Imperial Household and Prefect of Youzhou, then became Grand General of the Left Golden Crow Guard and nominal Grand Protector of the Chanyu. In 713 he was promoted to Minister of Works. Early in the Kaiyuan era he served successively as prefect of Guo, Long, Xiang, Jin, and Hua. Except for audiences and major matters, senior assistants ran the prefectures. The princes Ning, Shen, Qi, Xue, and Bin all served as prefects at the time, each choosing capable senior staff to maintain order. Yuan Qianyao, Yuan Jiazuo, and Pan Haoli served as chief secretary of the Bin establishment and prefectural assistants, while Shouli spent his time only on hunting, music, and carousing. After the ninth year all princes were recalled to the capital.
33
賢子邠王守禮
Sons of Xian: Prince of Bin, Shouli
34
守禮以外枝為王，才識猥下，尤不逮岐、薛。 多寵嬖，不修風教，男女六十餘人，男無中才，女負貞稱，守禮居之自若，高歌擊鼓。 常帶數千貫錢債，或有諫之者曰：“王年漸高，家累甚眾，須有愛惜。 ”守禮曰：“豈有天子兄沒人葬？ ”諸王因內宴言之，以為歡笑。 時積陰累日，守禮白於諸王曰：“欲晴。 ”果晴。 愆陽涉旬，守禮曰：“即雨。 ”果連澍。 岐王等奏之，云：“邠哥有術。 ”守禮曰：“臣無術也。 則天時以章懷遷謫，臣幽閉宮中十餘年，每歲被敕杖數頓，見瘢痕甚厚。 欲雨，臣脊上即沉悶，欲晴，即輕健，臣以此知之，非有術也。 ”涕泗沾襟，玄宗亦憫然。 二十九年薨，年七十餘，贈太尉。
As a prince of collateral descent, his talent was poor and fell far short of the princes Qi and Xue. He kept many concubines and neglected moral instruction. He had more than sixty children—the sons showed no middling ability, the daughters were praised for chastity—yet Shouli lived at ease, singing and beating drums. He was always thousands of strings in debt. Someone advised him, "Your Highness is growing older and your household is large—you must be more careful with money." Shouli replied, "How could the emperor's elder brother have no one to bury him?" The princes retold this at an inner banquet and found it hilarious. When clouds had lingered for days, Shouli told the princes, "It will clear up." It did clear. After more than ten days of drought, Shouli said, "It will rain soon." Rain fell steadily. The Prince of Qi and others reported that "Brother Bin" had occult skill. Shouli said, "I have no such skill." In Wu Zetian's reign, when Zhanghuai was banished, I was confined in the palace for more than ten years. Each year I was ordered beaten several times, and the scars on my back are very thick. When rain was coming my back felt heavy and dull; when fair weather was coming it felt light and agile. I knew from that—I have no occult skill. Tears soaked his robe, and Emperor Xuanzong was moved to pity. He died in his twenty-ninth year of office, aged over seventy, and was posthumously made Grand Commandant.
35
子承宏
Son Chenghong
36
子承宏，開元初封廣武郡王，歷秘書員外監，又為宗正卿同正員。 廣德元年，吐蕃淩犯上都，乘輿幸陝。 蕃、渾之眾入城，吐蕃宰相馬重英立承宏為帝，以於可封、霍環等為宰相，補署百餘人。 旬餘日，賊退，郭子儀率眾入城，送承宏於行在，上不之責，止於虢州。 尋死。 承寧，天寶初，授率更令同正員，嗣邠王。 承寀，至德二載，敦封為煌郡王，加開府儀同三司。 與仆固懷恩使回紇和親，因納其女為妃，冊為毗伽公主。 回紇著勳，承寀甚遇恩寵。 乾元元年六月卒，贈司空。
His son Chenghong was enfeoffed as Prince of Guangwu early in Kaiyuan, served as superintendent of the Secretariat, and later as Director of the Imperial Clan. In 763 Tibetans raided the capital and the emperor went to Shanzhou. Tibetan and Hun troops entered the city. The Tibetan minister Ma Chongying installed Chenghong as emperor, appointed Yu Kefeng and Huo Huan as chancellors, and filled more than a hundred posts. After more than ten days the enemy withdrew. Guo Ziyi entered the city and sent Chenghong to the emperor's camp. The emperor did not punish him but confined him to Guozhou. He soon died. Chenning, early in the Tianbao era, was appointed Director of the Imperial Workshops and succeeded as Prince of Bin. Chenbao was solemnly enfeoffed as Prince of Huang in 757 and given the rank of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Entitlement Equal to the Three Dukes. With Pugu Huai'en he went as envoy to ally with the Uyghurs by marriage, took the khan's daughter as consort, and she was enfeoffed as Princess Pijia. When the Uyghurs rendered distinguished service, Chenbao received exceptional favor. He died in the sixth month of 758 and was posthumously made Minister of Works.
37
唐法，嗣郡王但加四品階，親王子例著緋。 開元中，張九齡為中書令，奏請寧、薛王男並賜紫，邠王三男衣紫，餘二十人衣緋，官亦不越六局郎，王府掾屬仍員外置。 十五載，扈從至巴蜀，依例著紫。
Under Tang law, heirs to commandery princely titles gained only four ranks in promotion, while sons of the emperor normally wore scarlet robes. During Kaiyuan, Secretariat Director Zhang Jiuling memorialized that the sons of the princes Ning and Xue should all wear purple, the three sons of Prince Bin wear purple, the other twenty wear scarlet, offices not exceed bureau directors, and princely staff remain supplementary appointees. In 756 he followed the emperor to Ba-Shu and wore purple by regulation.
38
中宗諸子
Sons of Zhongzong
39
中宗四男：章庶人生懿德太子重潤，後宮生庶人重福、節湣太子重俊、殤帝重茂。
Zhongzong had four sons: Consort Zhang bore the Yide heir apparent Chongrun; the rear palace bore Chongfu the commoner, Chongjun the Jiemin heir apparent, and Chongmao the short-lived emperor.
40
懿德太子重潤
Yide Heir Apparent Chongrun
41
懿德太子重潤，中宗長子也。 本名重照，以避則天諱，故改焉。 開耀二年，中宗為皇太子，生重潤於東宮內殿，高宗甚悅。 及月滿，大赦天下，改元為永淳。 是歲，立為皇太孫，開府置官屬。 及中宗遷於房州，其府坐廢。 聖曆初，中宗為皇太子，封為邵王。 大足元年，為人所構，與其妹永泰郡主、婿魏王武延基等竊議張易之兄弟何得恣入宮中，則天令杖殺，時年十九。 重潤風神俊朗，早以孝友知名，既死非其罪，大為當時所悼惜。 中宗即位，追贈皇太子，諡曰懿德，陪葬乾陵。 仍為聘國子監丞裴粹亡女為冥婚，與之合葬。 又贈永泰郡主為公主，令備禮改葬，仍號其墓為陵焉。
Yide Heir Apparent Chongrun was Zhongzong's eldest son. His original name was Chongzhao; it was changed to avoid Wu Zetian's taboo name. In 682, while Zhongzong was crown prince, Chongrun was born in the Eastern Palace. Emperor Gaozong was greatly pleased. When the month was complete, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed to Yongchun. That year he was installed as imperial great-grandson and a staff office was established. When Zhongzong was sent to Fangzhou, the office was abolished. Early in the Shenli era, when Zhongzong was crown prince again, Chongrun was enfeoffed as Prince of Shao. In 701 he was framed. He had privately discussed with his sister Princess Yongtai, her husband Prince of Wei Wu Yanji, and others how the Zhang brothers could enter the palace at will. Wu Zetian ordered him beaten to death. He was nineteen. Chongrun was handsome and distinguished, known early for filial piety and brotherly affection. His death was widely seen as unjust, and his contemporaries deeply mourned him. When Zhongzong took the throne, Chongrun was posthumously made crown prince with the posthumous name Yide and buried beside Qianling. He also arranged a posthumous marriage for Chongrun with the deceased daughter of Guozijian Vice Director Pei Cui, and they were buried together. He also posthumously elevated Princess Yongtai to full princess rank, ordered a proper reburial, and designated her tomb a mausoleum.
42
庶人重福
Commoner Chongfu
43
庶人重福，中宗第二子也。 初封唐昌王，聖曆三年，徙封平恩王。 長安四年，進封譙王，歷遷國子祭酒、左散騎常侍。 神龍初，為韋庶人所譖，雲與張易之兄弟潛構成重潤之罪，由是左授濮州員外刺史，轉均州，司防守，不許視事。 景龍三年，中宗親祀南郊，大赦天下，流人並放還。 重福不得歸京師，尤深鬱怏，上表自陳曰：“臣聞功同賞異，則勞臣疑； 罪均刑殊，則百姓惑。 伏惟陛下德侔造化，明齊日月，恩及飛鳥，惠加走獸。 近者焚柴展禮，郊祀上玄，萬物沾愷悌之仁，六合承曠蕩之澤。 事無輕重，鹹赦除之。 蒼生並得赦除，赤子偏加擯棄，皇天平分之道，固此乎？ 天下之人，聞者為臣流涕。 況陛下慈念，豈不湣臣恓惶？ 伏望舍臣罪愆，許臣朝謁。 儻得一仰雲陛，再睹陛聖顏，雖沒九泉，實為萬足。 重投荒徼，亦所甘心。 ”表奏不報。
Commoner Chongfu was Zhongzong's second son. He was first enfeoffed as Prince of Tangchang, then transferred to Prince of Ping'en in the third year of Shenli. In 704 he was advanced to Prince of Qiao and served successively as Minister of the Imperial Academy and Left Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. Early in the Shenlong era Consort Wei slandered him, claiming he and the Zhang brothers had secretly framed Chongrun. He was demoted to supplementary prefect of Pu, then transferred to Jun as administrative defender and barred from conducting office business. In 709 Zhongzong personally sacrificed at the southern suburb, proclaimed a general amnesty, and all exiles were released and allowed to return. Chongfu was not allowed to return to the capital and grew deeply resentful. He submitted a memorial saying, "I have heard that when merit is equal but rewards differ, loyal servants become doubtful;" when crimes are equal but punishments differ, the people are perplexed; your virtue equals heaven and earth, your wisdom matches the sun and moon, your grace reaches even birds in flight and beasts on the ground. Recently, at the suburban sacrifice to heaven, all things received your benevolence and the realm your boundless grace. Offenses great and small were alike pardoned. All the people were pardoned, yet I alone am cast aside—is this the even justice of heaven? All who hear of my case weep for me. Surely Your Majesty's compassion will pity my anguish? I beg you to overlook my faults and permit me an audience at court. If I might once behold your sacred face, death itself would be more than enough reward. Even to be sent again to the frontier I would accept willingly." The memorial received no response.
44
王道始至東都，俄有泄其謀者，洛州司馬崔日知捕獲其黨數十人。 經聞重福至，王道等率眾隨重福徑取左右屯營兵作亂，將至天津橋，願從者已數百人，皆執持器仗，助其威勢。 侍御史李邕先詣左掖門，令閉關拒守。 又至右屯營號令云：“重福雖先帝之子，已得罪於先帝，今者無故入城，必是作亂。 君等皆委質聖朝，宜盡誠節，立功立事，以取富貴。 ”有頃，重福果來奪右屯營，堅壁不動，營中矢射如雨。 便趣大臣掖門，擬取留守，遇門閉，遂縱火以燒城門。 左屯營兵又來逼之，重福度數窮，出自上東門而遁，匿於山谷間。 明日，東都留守裴談等大出兵搜索，重福窘迫，自投漕河而死，磔屍三日，時年三十一。
When Wang Dao first reached the eastern capital, his plot was soon leaked. Luozhou Vice Prefect Cui Rizhi captured several dozen conspirators. When word came that Chongfu had arrived, Wang Dao and others led followers with him to seize the Left and Right Garrison troops and rebel. Near Tianjin Bridge their party already numbered several hundred, all armed to bolster his strength. Attending Censor Li Yong went first to the Left Flank Gate and ordered it shut for defense. He then went to the Right Garrison Camp and announced, "Chongfu may be the late emperor's son, but he already offended the late emperor. Entering the city without cause, he must be rebelling." You have all pledged yourselves to the dynasty. Show loyal devotion, win merit, and gain reward and rank. Before long Chongfu came to attack the Right Garrison Camp. The defenders held the walls and rained arrows down on them. He then rushed to the Great Ministers' Flank Gate to seize the acting commander. The gate was closed, so he set fire to burn it down. Left Garrison troops pressed him again. Seeing no way out, Chongfu fled through the Upper East Gate and hid in the hills. The next day Eastern Capital commander Pei Tan and others searched in force. Hard pressed, Chongfu drowned himself in the canal. His corpse was dismembered and exposed for three days. He was thirty-one.
45
詔曰：“集州刺史譙王重福，幼則凶頑，長而險詖。 幸托體於先聖，嚐通交於巨逆。 子而不子，自絕於天； 有國有家，莫容於代。 往者頗不含忍，長令幽縶。 自大行晏駕，韋氏臨朝，將肆屠滅，尤加防衛。 洎天有成命，集於朕躬，永懷猶子之情，庶協先親之義。 所以開置僚屬，任隆刺舉，冀其悛改，以怙恩榮。 而詿誤有徒，狂狡未息。 便即私出均州，詐乘驛騎，至於都下，遂逞其謀。 先犯屯兵，次燒左掖，計窮力屈，投河而斃。 雖人所共棄，邦有常刑，我非不慈，爾自招咎。 且聞其故，有惻於懷。 昔劉長既歿，楚英遂殞，以禮收葬，抑惟舊章，屈法申恩，宜仍舊寵。 可以三品禮葬。”
An edict stated, "Prince of Qiao Chongfu, Prefect of Jizhou, was vicious in youth and treacherous in manhood." Born of the late emperor, he once consorted with great traitors. A son who was no son, cutting himself off from Heaven; unfit for family or state in his own age. In the past I lacked forbearance and kept him confined long. After the late emperor's death the Wei clan held power and would have destroyed him, so his guard was tightened. When Heaven's mandate fell to me, I cherished him as a nephew and hoped to honor my late brother's bond. I gave him a staff and a weighty prefectural post, hoping he would reform and enjoy imperial favor. Yet deluded followers remained and his reckless cunning did not cease. He secretly left Junzhou, seized post horses, reached the capital, and carried out his plot. He first attacked the garrisons, then burned the Left Flank Gate. His plans failed and strength spent, he drowned himself in the river. Though all men cast him off and the state has fixed punishments, I was not unkind—he brought ruin on himself. Yet hearing the full story, I am moved to pity. When Liu Chang died and Chu Ying followed, they were buried with rites under old precedent. Bending the law to show grace, former favor should still apply. He may be buried with third-rank rites."
46
節湣太子重俊
Jiemin Heir Apparent Chongjun
47
時武三思得幸中宮，深忌重俊。 三思子崇訓尚安樂公主，常教公主淩忽重俊，以其非韋氏所生，常呼之為奴。 或勸公主請廢重俊為王，自立為皇太女，重俊不勝忿恨。 三年七月，率左羽林大將軍李多祚、右羽林將軍李思衝、李承況、獨孤禕之、沙吒忠義等，矯製發左右羽林兵及千騎三百餘人，殺三思及崇訓於其第，並殺黨與十餘人。 又令左金吾大將軍成王千里分兵守宮城諸門，自率兵趨肅章門，斬關而入，求韋庶人及安樂公主所在。 又以昭容上官氏素與三思奸通，扣閤索之。 韋庶人及公主遽擁帝馳赴玄武門樓，召左羽林將軍劉仁景等，令率留軍飛騎及百餘人於樓下列守。 俄而多祚等兵至，欲突玄武門樓，宿衛者拒之； 不得進。 帝據檻呼多祚等所將千騎，謂曰：“汝並是我爪牙，何故作逆？ 若能歸順，斬多祚等，與汝富貴。 ”於是千騎王歡喜等倒戈，斬多祚及李承況、獨孤禕之、沙吒忠義等於樓下，餘黨遂潰散。 重俊既敗，率其屬百餘騎趨肅章門，奔終南山。 帝令長上果毅趙思慎率輕騎追之。 重俊至雩縣西十餘里，騎不能屬，唯從奴數人。 會日暮憩林下，為左右所殺。 製今梟首於朝，又獻之於太廟，並以祭三思、崇訓屍柩。
At that time Wu Sansi had the empress's favor and deeply resented Chongjun. Sansi's son Chongxun married Princess Anle and often urged her to humiliate Chongjun. Because he was not born of Empress Wei, they called him a slave. Some urged the princess to have Chongjun demoted to prince and make herself heir as "imperial great-daughter." Chongjun was consumed with hatred. In the seventh month of 707 he led Li Duozuo, Li Sichong, Li Chengkang, Dugu Yizhi, Shazha Zhongyi, and others. By forged edict he mobilized the Left and Right Feathered Forest guards and over three hundred Thousand Riders, killed Sansi and Chongxun at their mansion, and slew more than ten accomplices. He ordered Prince of Cheng Li Qianli to hold the palace gates with divided forces while he led troops to Su Zhang Gate, broke through, and searched for Consort Wei and Princess Anle. He also sought out Brilliant Consort Shangguan, who had long been Sansi's lover. Consort Wei and the princess rushed the emperor to Xuánwu Gate tower, summoned Liu Renjing and others, and posted the remaining Flying Cavalry—over a hundred men—below the tower. Soon Duozuo's troops arrived and tried to storm the tower, but the guards held them off; and they could not advance. The emperor leaned on the railing and called to Duozuo's Thousand Riders, "You are all my own men—why rebel?" If you return to loyalty and kill Duozuo and the rest, I will reward you with wealth and rank." Thousand Rider Wang Huanxi and others turned on their leaders, beheaded Duozuo, Li Chengkang, Dugu Yizhi, Shazha Zhongyi, and others below the tower, and the rest fled in rout. Defeated, Chongjun led more than a hundred followers toward Su Zhang Gate and fled to Zhongnan Mountain. The emperor ordered Senior Commander Zhao Sizhen to pursue with light cavalry. Chongjun reached a spot west of Yuxian, but his riders could not keep pace—only a few servants remained. At dusk he rested in the woods and was killed by his own attendants. An edict exposed his head at court, presented it at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and used it in sacrifice before the coffins of Sansi and Chongxun.
48
睿宗即位，下製曰：“朕聞曾氏之孝也，慈親惑於疑聽； 趙虜之族也，明主哀而望思。 曆考前聞，率由舊典。 重俊，大行之子，元良守器。 往罹構間，困於讒嫉。 莫顧鈇鉞，輕盜甲兵，有此誅夷，無不悲惋。 今四凶咸服，十起何追，方申赤軍之冤，以紓黃泉之痛。 可贈皇太子。 ”諡曰節湣，陪葬定陵。 一子宗暉，開元初封湖陽郡王。 初，重俊被害，宮府僚吏莫敢近者，永和丞甯嘉勖解衣裹重俊首號哭，時人義之。 宗楚客聞而大怒，收付製獄，貶為平興丞，尋卒。 睿宗踐祚，下製曰：“寧嘉勖能重名節，事高欒、向，幽塗已往，生氣凜然。 靜言忠義，追存褒寵。 可贈永和縣令。 ”宗暉，天寶中為衛尉員外卿。 十一載，王鉷反，宗暉以賣宅與鉷，貶涪川郡長史，量移盧陽長史。 至德元年，追赴行在所，授特進、鴻臚卿。 宗暉無他才，以外族之親，受恩顧轉隆。 太常員外卿卒。
When Ruizong took the throne, he issued an edict: "I have heard that in the Zeng family's filial piety, a loving parent may be misled by suspicion;" and among the clan of the captive king of Zhao, enlightened rulers mourned and longed for the lost. Reviewing precedents of old, all follow established precedent. Chongjun was the late emperor's son, the heir who held the vessel of state. He had been framed and trapped by slander and jealousy. He ignored the law, lightly seized arms, and met execution—all mourn him. Now that the villainous faction is destroyed and countless charges need no further pursuit, we shall vindicate his loyal followers and ease the grief of the dead. He is posthumously to be made crown prince." His posthumous name was Jiemin, and he was buried beside Dingling. He had one son, Zonghui, enfeoffed as Prince of Huyang early in the Kaiyuan era. When Chongjun was killed, none of his palace staff dared approach. Yonghe Assistant Magistrate Ning Jiaxu stripped off his robe to wrap the prince's head and wailed over it. The people praised his loyalty. Zong Chuke heard of it and in rage had him imprisoned, then demoted to Assistant Magistrate of Pingxing. He soon died. When Ruizong took the throne, he issued an edict: "Ning Jiaxu prized integrity above life; his deed ranks with Luan and Xiang. Though he has passed into the dark, his spirit still stands stern." In recognition of his loyalty and righteousness, we posthumously honor him. He is posthumously made Magistrate of Yonghe County." Zonghui served as Vice Director of the Imperial Workshops during the Tianbao era. In 752, when Wang Hong rebelled, Zonghui was demoted to Administrator of Fuchuan for selling him a house, then transferred to Administrator of Luyang. In 756 he was summoned to the emperor's camp and appointed Special Advancement and Minister of Ceremonies. Zonghui had little talent but, as a maternal relative, received ever greater favor. He died while serving as Vice Director of the Grand Imperial Ancestral Temple.
49
殤皇帝重茂
Short-lived Emperor Chongmao
50
史臣曰：前代以嬖婦孽子破國亡家者多矣，然未如大帝、孝和之甚也。 高宗八子，二王早世，為武后所斃者四人，章懷以母子之愛，穎悟之賢，猶不免於虎口。 況燕、澤、素節異腹之胤乎！ 覆載胡心，產茲鴆毒，悲夫！ 孝和母囂，婦傲女暴，如置身群魅之中，安有保其終吉哉！ 天將滌蕩昏氛，非重茂所能支也。
The historian writes: In earlier ages many dynasties were ruined by favored consorts and wicked sons, but none so severely as under Wu Zetian and Emperor Zhongzong. Of Gaozong's eight sons, two died young and four were killed by Wu Zetian. Zhanghuai, for all his mother's love and his bright talent, still did not escape her jaws. How much less could Yan, Ze, and Sujie—sons of other mothers—hope to survive! Heaven and earth bred a savage heart and produced this poison—lamentable indeed! Zhongzong's mother was overbearing, his wife arrogant, his daughter violent—as if he lived among demons. How could he end well! Heaven was about to clear the murky air—Chongmao could not have sustained it.
51
讚曰：父子天性，嬖能害正。 宜臼、申生，翻為不令。 唐年鈞德，章懷最仁。 凶母畏明，取樂於身。
In praise: Father and son share nature's bond, yet favorites can destroy what is right. Yijiu and Shensheng were turned into unworthy sons. In Tang's age of measured virtue, Zhanghuai was the most humane. The vicious mother feared the bright prince and sought only her own pleasure.