1
李憕
Li Cheng
2
李憕，太原文水人。 父希倩，中宗神龍初，右臺監察御史。
Li Cheng was a native of Wenshui in Taiyuan. His father Xi Qian served as surveillance censor of the Right Secretariat in the early Shenlong reign of Emperor Zhongzong.
3
憕早聰敏，以明經舉，開元初為咸陽尉。 時張說自紫微令、燕國公出為相州刺史、河北按察使，有洺州劉行善相人，說問：「寮采後誰貴達？」 行乃稱憕及臨河尉鄭巖。 說乃以女妻巖，妹婿陰行真女妻於憕。 及說為并州長史、天兵軍大使，引憕常在幕下。 九年，入為相，憕又為長安尉。 屬宇文融為御史，括田戶，奏知名之士崔希逸、咸廙業、宇文順、於孺卿、李宙及悽為判官，攝監察御史，分路檢察，以課並遷監察御史。 憕驟歷兵、吏部郎中，給事中。 憕有吏幹，明於幾案，甚有當官之稱。
Cheng was bright from youth. Recommended on the Mingjing examination, he became magistrate of Xianyang in the early Kaiyuan era. At that time Zhang Yue had left his posts as Director of the Bureau of Astrological Services and Duke of Yan to become prefect of Xiangzhou and Hebei investigation commissioner. A physiognomist of Mingzhou named Liu Xing was present, and Zhang asked him, "Among my staff, who will rise to eminence in the future?" Xing named Cheng and Zheng Yan, magistrate of Linhe. Zhang gave his daughter in marriage to Yan, and married the daughter of his brother-in-law Yin Xingzhen to Cheng. When Zhang became chief administrator of Bingzhou and grand ambassador of the Tianbing Army, he kept Cheng constantly at his side on his staff. In the ninth year Zhang entered the capital as chancellor, and Cheng again served as magistrate of Chang'an. When Yuwen Rong became censor and conducted the household land survey, he nominated renowned scholars including Cui Xiyi, Xian Yiye, Yuwen Shun, Yu Ruqing, Li Zhou, and Cheng as case judges with acting surveillance censor status, dispatched on separate inspection routes; on the strength of their performance they were all promoted to surveillance censor. Cheng rose rapidly through director posts in the Ministries of War and Personnel to supervising secretary. Cheng had administrative talent, excelled at paperwork, and won high praise as an official.
4
二十八年，為河南少尹。 時蕭炅為尹，依倚權貴，蒞事多不法。 憕以公直正之，人用繫賴。 又道士孫甑生以左道求進，托以修功德，往來嵩山，求請無度，憕必挫之。 炅及甑生患之，而構於朝廷。 天寶初，出為清河太守。 十一載，累轉河東太守、本道采訪。 謁於行在所，改尚書右丞、京兆尹。 十四載，轉光祿卿、東京留守，判尚書省事。
In the twenty-eighth year he became vice administrator of Henan. At that time Xiao Jiong was administrator; relying on powerful patrons, he conducted affairs in many unlawful ways. Cheng corrected him with public integrity, and the people came to rely on him. Moreover the Daoist Sun Zhensheng sought advancement through heterodox practices, claiming to perform meritorious rites; traveling to and from Mount Song he made boundless requests, and Cheng always thwarted him. Jiong and Zhensheng resented this and slandered him at court. In the early Tianbao era he was sent out as prefect of Qinghe. In the eleventh year he was transferred in succession to prefect of Hedong and investigation commissioner of that circuit. He presented himself at the temporary imperial residence and was reassigned as vice director of the Ministry of Rites and metropolitan magistrate. In the fourteenth year he was transferred to director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments and resident guardian of the Eastern Capital, with concurrent authority over the Secretariat.
5
其載十一月，安祿山反於范陽，人心震懼。 玄宗遣安西節度封常清兼御史大夫為將，召募於東京以禦之。 憕與留臺御史中丞盧奕、河南尹達奚珣，綏輯將士，完繕城郭，遏其侵逼。 遷憕禮部尚書，依前留守。 自逆徒發范陽，至渡河，令嚴，覘候計絕。 及渡河，陷陳留、滎陽二郡，殺張介然、崔無诐，數日間已至都城下。 祿山所統，皆蕃漢精兵，訓練已久； 常清之眾，多市井之人，初不知戰。 及兵交之後，被鐵騎唐突，飛矢如雨，皆魂懾色沮，望賊奔散。 憕謂奕曰：「吾曹荷國重寄，誓無避死，雖力不敵，其若官守何！」 奕亦便許願守本司。 於是憕居留守宅，奕獨居臺中。
That year in the eleventh month An Lushan rebelled at Fanyang, and hearts throughout the realm trembled with fear. Emperor Xuanzong dispatched Feng Changqing, military commissioner of Anxi and concurrently censor-in-chief, as general to recruit troops at the Eastern Capital to resist him. Cheng, together with Lu Yi, surveillance censor-in-chief of the resident court, and Daqi Xida, metropolitan magistrate of Henan, pacified the troops, repaired the walls and moats, and checked the enemy advance. Cheng was promoted to minister of rites while continuing as resident guardian. From the time the rebels set out from Fanyang until they crossed the river, their orders were strict and scouting plans were cut off. Once they crossed the river they captured the prefectures of Chenliu and Xingyang, killed Zhang Jieran and Cui Wubi, and within a few days reached the walls of the capital. Those under Lushan's command were all elite troops, both foreign and Han, long trained in warfare; Changqing's forces were mostly townspeople who at first knew nothing of battle. Once battle was joined, iron cavalry charged them headlong and arrows fell like rain; all were terrified in spirit and pale in face, and at sight of the enemy they fled in disorder. Cheng said to Yi, "We bear the state's heavy trust and swear not to flee death. Though our strength cannot match theirs, what of our official duty!" Yi also readily agreed to hold his own office. Thereupon Cheng remained in the guardian's residence while Yi alone stayed in the censorate.
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及常清西奔，祿山領其眾，椎鼓大呼，以入都城，殺掠數千人，箭及宮闕。 然後住居於閑廄中，令擒悽及奕、判官蔣清等三人，害之，以威於眾。 祿山傳悽、奕、清三人之首，以徇河北。 信宿，至平原，太守顏真卿斬其使，浴其首，殮以木函，祭而瘞之，以聞。 玄宗贈悽司徒，仍與一子五品官。 奕武部尚書，崔無诐工部尚書，各與一子官。 蔣清文部郎中。
When Changqing fled west, Lushan led his forces, beating drums and shouting loudly, into the capital city, killing and plundering several thousand people; arrows reached the palace halls. Then he halted in the idle stables and ordered Cheng, Yi, and the case officer Jiang Qing seized and killed to intimidate the multitude. Lushan sent the heads of Cheng, Yi, and Qing through Hebei as a warning. After one night they reached Pingyuan; Prefect Yan Zhenqing executed the envoy, bathed the heads, encoffined them in wooden boxes, offered sacrifice and buried them, and reported the matter. Emperor Xuanzong posthumously enfeoffed Cheng as grand mentor of state and granted one son the rank of fifth grade. Yi was made minister of war and Cui Wubi minister of works; each was granted an office for one son. Jiang Qing was made director in the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
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憕豐於產業，伊川膏腴，水陸上田，修竹茂樹，自城及闕口，別業相望，與吏部侍郎李彭年皆有地癖。 鄭巖，天寶中仕至絳郡太守，入為少府監，田產亞於憕。
Cheng was wealthy in estates: fertile lands on the Yichuan, fields of superior grade by water and land, bamboo groves and thick woods—from the city to the pass his separate estates stood in sight of one another. He and Vice Minister of Personnel Li Pengnian both had a passion for land. Zheng Yan, in the Tianbao era, rose to prefect of Jiang Commandery, entered the capital as director of the Court of the Imperial Stud, and his estates were second only to Cheng's.
8
憕有子十餘人，二子為僧，與憕同遇害； 二子彭、源，存焉。
Cheng had more than ten sons; two became monks and were killed together with Cheng; two sons, Peng and Yuan, survived.
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子源
Son: Yuan
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源，時年八歲，為賊所俘，轉徙流離，凡七八年。 及史朝義走河北，洛陽故吏有義源者，贖之於民家。 代宗聞之，授河南府參軍，轉司農寺主簿。 以父死禍難，無心祿仕，誓不婚妻，不食酒肉。 洛陽之北惠林寺，憕之舊堅墅也，源乃依寺僧，寓居一室，依僧齋戒，人未嘗見其所習。 先穴地為墓，預為終制，時時偃仰於穴中。
Yuan, then eight years old, was captured by the rebels and wandered in displacement for seven or eight years altogether. When Shi Chaoyi fled to Hebei, an old Luoyang official named Yiyuan redeemed him from a commoner's household. Emperor Daizong heard of this and appointed him adjutant of Henan Prefecture, then transferred him to chief clerk of the Court of the Imperial Granary. Because his father had died in national calamity, he had no heart for office or salary; he vowed never to marry and ate neither wine nor meat. Huilin Temple north of Luoyang was Cheng's old fortified villa; Yuan relied on the temple monks, lodging in one room and following monastic abstinences—people never saw what he practiced. He first dug the ground for a tomb, prepared his funeral arrangements in advance, and from time to time lay down in the pit.
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長慶三年，御史中丞李德裕表薦之曰：「處士李源，即故禮部尚書、東都留守、贈司徒、忠烈公李憕之少子。 天與忠孝，嗣茲貞烈。 以父死國難，哀纏終身，自司農寺主簿，絕心祿仕，垂五十年。 暨於衰暮，多依惠林佛寺，本憕之墅也。 寺之正殿，即悽之寢室，源過殿必趨，未嘗登踐。 隨僧一食，已五十年。 其端心執孝，無有不至。 抱此貞節，棄於清朝，臣竊為陛下惜之。」 詔曰：
In the third year of Changqing, Censor-in-Chief Li Deyu memorialized recommending him, saying, "The recluse Li Yuan is the youngest son of the late Minister of Rites, Eastern Capital resident guardian, posthumously enfeoffed Grand Mentor of State and Duke of Loyal Valor Li Cheng. Heaven endowed him with loyalty and filial piety, inheriting this steadfast valor. Because his father died in the nation's crisis, grief bound him for life; from chief clerk of the Court of the Imperial Granary he renounced office and salary for nearly fifty years. In his declining years he dwelt mostly at Huilin Buddhist Temple—Cheng's old villa. The temple's main hall was Cheng's sleeping chamber; Yuan always hurried past the hall and never once stepped upon it. He ate one meal with the monks, as he had for fifty years. His upright heart and practiced filial piety were without limit. Holding this steadfast integrity, he was cast aside by the enlightened court—I, your servant, grieve for Your Majesty's sake." An edict said:
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《禮》著死綏，《傳》稱握節，捐生守位，取重人倫。 為義甚明，其風或替，言念於此，慨然興懷。 而朝之公卿，有上言者，云天寶之季，盜起幽陵，振蕩生靈，噬吞河洛。 贈司徒、忠烈公憕，處難居首，正色受屠，兩河聞風，再固危壁，首立殊節，到今稱之。 其子源，有曾、閔之行，可貫於神明； 有巢、由之風，可希於太古。 山林以寄其跡，爵祿不入於心，泊然無營，五十餘載。 夫褒忠可以勸臣節，旌孝可以激人倫，尚義可以警澆浮，敬老可以厚風俗。 舉茲四者，大儆於時。 是用擢自衡門，立於文陛，處以諫職，冀聞讜言，仍加印紱，式示光寵。 可守左諫議大夫，賜緋魚袋。 仍敕河南尹差官就所居敦諭遣發。
The Rites prescribe dying in harness; the Chronicles praise grasping the tally—sacrificing life to hold one's post, weighty in human relations. The meaning of righteousness is very clear, yet its wind may fade; thinking of this, one is moved to deep feeling. Yet among the court's ministers some have submitted that in the late Tianbao era bandits rose in Youling, shaking the living and devouring the Yellow and Luo. The posthumously enfeoffed Grand Mentor of State and Duke of Loyal Valor Cheng, facing hardship at the fore, received execution with stern countenance; hearing of it through the two He, the perilous walls were twice strengthened; he first established extraordinary integrity, praised to this day. His son Yuan has the conduct of Zeng and Min, fit to pierce the spirits; the wind of Chao and You, rare since high antiquity. He entrusted his footsteps to mountains and forests; rank and salary did not enter his heart—tranquil and without pursuit, for more than fifty years. To honor loyalty can encourage ministerial integrity; to signal filial piety can stir human relations; to esteem righteousness can warn against decadence; to respect the aged can enrich custom. Raising these four is a great warning for the age. Therefore we promote him from the humble gate to stand in the literary hall, place him in remonstrance office in hope of hearing forthright words, and further grant seals and ribbons to display favor. He may serve as Left Remonstrance Official and be granted the crimson fish tally. The Henan metropolitan magistrate is further ordered to dispatch an official to his residence to instruct and urge his departure.
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穆宗尋令中使賫手詔、緋袍、牙笏、絹二百匹，往洛陽惠林寺宣賜。 源受詔，對中使苦陳疾甚年高，不能趨拜，附表謝恩，其官告服色絹，皆辭不受。 竟卒於寺。
Emperor Muzong soon ordered a palace envoy to bear an imperial handwritten edict, crimson robe, ivory tally, and two hundred bolts of silk to Huilin Temple in Luoyang to bestow them. Yuan received the edict and, facing the palace envoy, earnestly pleaded grave illness and advanced age, unable to hurry and bow; he appended a memorial thanking the grace and declined the commission, robes, colors, and silk. He finally died in the temple.
14
子彭
Son: Peng
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彭，以一子官累歷州縣令長。 子宏，仕官愈卑。 生三子：景讓、景莊、景溫，自元和後，相繼以進士登第。
Peng, through offices granted one son, served in succession as prefect and magistrate. His son Hong held offices ever more humble. He had three sons: Jingrang, Jingzhuang, and Jingwen; from the Yuanhe era onward they passed the jinshi examination in succession.
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彭孫景讓
Peng's grandson: Jingrang
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景讓，太和中為尚書郎，出為商州刺史。 開成二年，入朝為中書舍人。 二年十月，出為華州刺史、潼關防禦、鎮國軍使。 四年，入為禮部侍郎。 五年，選貢士李蔚，後至宰相； 楊知退為尚書。 大中朝，為襄州刺史、山南道節度使，入為吏部尚書。 十一年，轉御史大夫。
Jingrang, in the Taihe era served as director in the Secretariat, then went out as prefect of Shangzhou. In the second year of Kaicheng he entered court as drafting official of the Secretariat. In the tenth month of the second year he went out as prefect of Huazhou, defender of Tong Pass, and military commissioner of Zhenguo Army. In the fourth year he entered court as vice minister of rites. In the fifth year he selected presented scholar Li Wei, who later became chancellor; Yang Zhitui became director in the Secretariat. In the Dazhong era he served as prefect of Xiangzhou and military commissioner of Shannan East Circuit, then entered court as minister of personnel. In the eleventh year he was transferred to censor-in-chief.
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景讓有大志，事親以孝聞，正色立朝，言無避忌。 為大夫時，宣宗舅鄭光卒，詔贈司徒，罷朝三日。 景讓曰：「國舅雖親，朝典有素，無容過越。」 乃上言曰：
Jingrang had great ambition, was known for filial service to parents, stood in court with stern countenance, and spoke without evasion. When he was censor-in-chief, Emperor Xuanzong's maternal uncle Zheng Guang died; an edict posthumously enfeoffed him as grand mentor of state and suspended court for three days. Jingrang said, "Though the empress dowager's kin is close, court precedent has its constant measure—there must be no exceeding it." He then submitted a memorial saying:
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鄭光是陛下親舅，外族之愛，誠軫聖心，況皇太后哀切之時，理合加等，而賜之粟帛，隆其第宅，自家刑國，允謂合宜。 今以輟朝之數，比於親王公主，則前例所無。 縱有，亦不可施用。 何者？ 先王制禮，所以防微。 大凡人情，於外族則深，於宗屬則薄。 所以先王制禮，割愛厚親，士庶猶然，況當萬乘！ 親王公主，宗屬也； 舅氏，外族也。 今朝廷公卿以至庶人，據《開元禮》，外祖父母及親舅喪服，小功五月，若親伯叔親兄弟即服齊缞周年。 所以疏其外而密於內也。 有天下者，尤不可使外戚強盛。 故西漢有呂氏之侈，幾滅劉氏； 國朝有則天之篡，殆革唐命。 皆非一朝一夕，其所由來漸也。 今鄭光輟朝日數，與親王公主同，設使陛下速改詔命，輟朝一日或兩日，示其升降有差，恩禮無僭，使四方見陛下欽明之德，青史傳陛下制度之文，垂之百王，播之芳烈。
Zheng Guang is Your Majesty's maternal uncle; love for maternal kin truly moves the imperial heart. Moreover at a time when the empress dowager grieves deeply, it is fitting to add honors, and gifts of grain and cloth and enlargement of his residence, disciplining the family to govern the state, are altogether appropriate. Now to suspend court for a number of days comparable to imperial princes and princesses has no precedent. Even if there were one, it could not be applied. Why? The former kings made ritual to guard against minute faults. Generally in human feeling, toward maternal kin one is deep, toward agnatic kin thin. Therefore the former kings made ritual, cutting love to thicken kinship; commoners are still so—how much more the Son of Heaven! Imperial princes and princesses are agnatic kin; maternal uncles are maternal kin. Now from court ministers down to commoners, according to the Kaiyuan Rites, mourning for maternal grandparents and maternal uncles is small merit for five months; for paternal uncles and brothers it is full mourning for one year. Thus the outer is made distant and the inner close. Those who possess the realm must especially not let maternal kin grow powerful. Thus in Western Han the Lü clan's extravagance nearly extinguished the Liu house; in our dynasty Empress Wu's usurpation nearly changed the Tang mandate. Neither came in a day or night; each arose gradually over time. Now if the days of court suspension for Zheng Guang equal those for imperial princes and princesses, suppose Your Majesty swiftly alters the edict and suspends court one or two days, showing gradation in ascent and descent so favor and ritual do not transgress—then the four quarters will see Your Majesty's reverent clarity, and the blue annals will transmit Your Majesty's institutional text, handed down through a hundred kings and broadcast in fragrant deeds.
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臣愚不肖，謬竊恩私，實願陛下處於堯、舜之上，羲、軒之列，所以甘心鼎鑊，伏進危言！
I, your servant, am foolish and unworthy, wrongly enjoying private favor; I truly wish Your Majesty to stand above Yao and Shun, in the company of Xi and Xuan—therefore I gladly accept the cauldron, submitting stern words!
21
優詔報之，乃罷兩日。 景讓復為吏部尚書，卒，謚曰孝。
A gracious edict replied to him, and court was suspended for only two days. Jingrang again became minister of personnel and died; his posthumous title was Filial.
22
景溫，登第後踐歷臺閣。 咸通中，自工部侍郎出為華州刺史、潼關防禦、鎮國軍使。 景莊，亦至達官。
Jingwen, after passing the examination, served in succession in the central offices. In the Xiantong era he went out from vice minister of works as prefect of Huazhou, defender of Tong Pass, and military commissioner of Zhenguo Army. Jingzhuang also rose to high office.
23
張介然
Zhang Jieran
24
張介然者，蒲州猗氏人也。 本名六朗。 謹慎善籌算，為郡守在河、隴。 及天寶中，王忠嗣、皇甫惟明、哥舒翰相次為節將，並委以營田支度等使。 進位衛尉卿，仍兼行軍司馬，使如故。 及加銀青光祿大夫，帶上柱國，因入奏稱旨，特加賜賫。 介然乘間奏曰：「臣今三品，合列棨戟。 若列於帝城，鄉里不知臣貴。 臣，河東人也，請列戟於故鄉。」 玄宗曰：「所給可列故鄉，京城佇當別賜。」 介然拜謝而出，仍賜絹五百匹，令宴集閭里，以寵異之。 本鄉列戟，自介然始也。 哥舒翰追在西京，薦為少府監。
Zhang Jieran was a native of Yishi in Puzhou. His original name was Liulang. Cautious and skilled at calculation, he served as prefectural administrator on the He and Long circuits. In the Tianbao era Wang Zhongsi, Huangfu Weiming, and Geshu Han served in succession as military commissioners, all entrusting him as commissioner of garrison fields and disbursements. He was promoted to director of the Court of the Imperial Stud while continuing as acting army marshal with duties unchanged. When he was further granted silver and blue light grandee of the imperial court with supreme pillar of state rank, he entered court to report and pleased the emperor, who specially added gifts. Jieran seized the moment and memorialized, "I am now third rank and should display halberds. If displayed in the imperial city, my home district would not know my honor. I am a man of Hedong; I ask that halberds be displayed in my native place." Emperor Xuanzong said, "What is granted may be displayed in the native place; for the capital a separate grant will await." Jieran bowed in thanks and withdrew; he was further granted five hundred bolts of silk and ordered to feast his neighborhood in special honor. Display of halberds in one's native place began with Jieran. Geshu Han, pursuing west to the Western Capital, recommended him as director of the Court of the Imperial Stud.
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安祿山將犯河洛，以介然為河南防禦使，令守陳留。 陳留水陸所湊，邑居萬家，而素不習戰。 介然至任數日，賊已渡河。 雖率兵登城，兼守要害，虜騎十萬，所過殺戮，煙塵亙天，彌漫數十里。 介然之眾，聞吹角鼓噪之聲，授甲不得，氣已奪矣，故至覆敗。
When An Lushan was about to invade the He and Luo region, he appointed Jieran defense commissioner of Henan and ordered him to hold Chenliu. Chenliu was a gathering point by water and land, with ten thousand households, yet long unused to warfare. Within a few days of Jieran's arrival the rebels had already crossed the river. Though he led troops up the walls and also guarded key points, a hundred thousand mounted raiders passed, killing wherever they went; dust and smoke filled the sky and spread for several tens of li. Jieran's forces, hearing the sound of horns and war drums, could not even take up armor—their spirit was already broken—so they were utterly defeated.
26
初，玄宗以祿山起逆，於河南要路懸榜以購其首，又諭已殺其子慶宗等。 祿山入陳留北郭，安慶緒見榜，白於祿山。 祿山於輿中兩手撫胸，大哭數聲，曰：「我有何罪，已殺我兒？」 便縱兇毒。 前有陳留兵將降者向萬人，行列於路，祿山命其牙將殺戮皆盡，流血如川。 乃斬介然於軍門，祿山氣乃稍解。 頓軍於陳留郭下，以其將李庭望為節度鎮之。 十五載，玄宗贈介然工部尚書，與一子五品官。
Earlier Emperor Xuanzong, because Lushan had risen in rebellion, posted rewards at key points in Henan for his head, and announced that his son Qingzong and others had already been killed. Lushan entered the north suburb of Chenliu; An Qingxu saw the placard and reported it to Lushan. Lushan in his carriage clutched his chest with both hands, wept loudly several times, and said, "What crime have I committed, that my son was already killed?" Then he unleashed savage cruelty. Ahead were nearly ten thousand Chenliu soldiers about to surrender, lined along the road; Lushan ordered his guard officers to slaughter them all, and blood flowed like a river. He then beheaded Jieran at the army gate, and Lushan's rage slightly eased. He halted the army below the Chenliu wall and appointed his general Li Tingwang military commissioner to garrison it. In the fifteenth year Emperor Xuanzong posthumously enfeoffed Jieran as minister of works and granted one son the rank of fifth grade.
27
崔無詖
Cui Wubi
28
崔無詖者，京兆長安人也。 本博陵舊族。 父從禮，中宗韋庶人之舅，景龍中衛尉卿。 時中書令、酂國公蕭至忠才位素高，甚承恩顧，敕亡先女冥婚韋庶人亡弟。 無詖婚至忠女，後為女家，中宗為兒家，供擬甚厚，時人為之語曰：「皇后嫁女，天子娶婦。」 及韋庶人敗，至忠女亦死，無詖坐累久貶在外。
Cui Wubi was a native of Chang'an in Jingzhao. Originally of the old Boling clan. His father Congli, maternal uncle of Empress Wei the commoner of Emperor Zhongzong, served as director of the Court of the Imperial Stud in the Jinglong era. At that time Chief Minister and Duke of Zan Xiao Zhizhong's talent and position were always high and he enjoyed great favor; an edict arranged a posthumous marriage between his deceased daughter and the deceased younger brother of Empress Wei. Wubi married Zhizhong's daughter and later became the bride's family; Emperor Zhongzong was the groom's family, with provisions very lavish—people at the time said, "The empress marries off a daughter; the Son of Heaven takes a wife." When Empress Wei fell, Zhizhong's daughter also died; Wubi was implicated and long demoted outside the capital.
29
開元中，為益州司馬。 會楊國忠為新都尉，與之歡甚，國忠因事引用之，累轉陜郡太守、少府監、滎陽郡太守。 安祿山率眾南向，無詖召募拒之。 及賊陷陳留郡後，兇威轉盛，戈矛鼓角，驚駭城邑，兩宿及滎陽。 乘城自墜如雨，故無詖及官吏，盡為賊所虜。 賊以其將武令珣鎮之。
In the Kaiyuan era he served as vice prefect of Yizhou. When Yang Guozhong was magistrate of Xindu he was on very friendly terms with him; Guozhong later cited him in office, and he was transferred in succession to prefect of Shaan Commandery, director of the Court of the Imperial Stud, and prefect of Xingyang Commandery. An Lushan led his forces south; Wubi recruited troops to resist. After the rebels captured Chenliu Commandery their ferocious might grew still greater; spears, halberds, drums, and horns terrified the walled towns, and within two nights they reached Xingyang. Those who fell from the walls were like rain; thus Wubi and the officials were all captured by the rebels. The rebels appointed their general Wu Lingxun to garrison it.
30
盧奕
Lu Yi
31
盧奕，黃門監懷慎之少子也。 與其兄奐齊名。 大腹豐下，眉目疏朗。 謹願寡欲，不尚輿馬，克己自勵。 開元中，任京兆司錄參軍。 天寶初，為鄠縣令、兵部郎中。 所歷有聲，皆如奐之所治也。 天寶八載，轉給事中。 十一載，為御史中丞。 始懷慎及奐並為中丞，父子三繼，清節不易，時人美之。 奕留臺東都，又分知東都武部選事。
Lu Yi was the youngest son of Huangmen Supervisor Huaijing. He and his elder brother Huan were equally renowned. Large-bellied and broad below, with sparse, clear features. Cautious and wishing little, he did not esteem carriages and horses, and disciplined himself with effort. In the Kaiyuan era he served as registrar of the Jingzhao metropolitan office. In the early Tianbao era he was magistrate of Hu County and director in the Ministry of War. Every post he held won acclaim, all like what Huan had governed. In the eighth year of Tianbao he was transferred to supervising secretary. In the eleventh year he became surveillance censor. At first Huaijing and Huan had both been censors; father and two sons in three generations—integrity unchanged—people praised them. Yi remained at the Eastern Capital court and also shared responsibility for military selection affairs at the Eastern Capital.
32
十四載，安祿山犯東都，人吏奔散； 奕在臺獨居，為賊所執，與李憕同見害。 玄宗聞而湣之，贈兵部尚書。 太常議謚，博士獨孤及議曰：
In the fourteenth year An Lushan invaded the Eastern Capital; officials and clerks fled in disorder; Yi alone remained in the censorate, was seized by the rebels, and was killed together with Li Cheng. Emperor Xuanzong heard and pitied him, posthumously enfeoffing him as minister of war. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices deliberated the posthumous title; Academician Dugu Ji argued:
33
盧奕剛毅樸忠，直方而清，勵精吏事，所居可紀。 天寶十四載，洛陽陷沒。 於時東京人士，狼狽鹿駭，猛虎磨牙而爭其肉，居位者皆欲保命而全妻子。 或先策高足，爭脫羿彀； 或不恥茍活，甘飲盜泉。 奕獨正身守位義不去，以死全節誓不辱。 勢窘力屈，以朝服就執，猶慷慨感憤，數賊梟獍之罪。 觀者股栗，奕不變其色，而北面辭君，然後受害。 雖古烈士，方之者鮮矣！
Lu Yi was firm, resolute, plain, and loyal, upright and clear, diligent in administrative affairs—what he governed can be recorded. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao Luoyang fell. At that time the people of the Eastern Capital were in panic like startled deer; tigers bared fangs to contend for flesh, and those in office all wished to preserve life and keep wives and children. Some first planned swift escape, striving to slip the archer's bow; some were not ashamed to live shamefully, gladly drinking stolen spring water. Yi alone kept upright body and held his post, refusing to leave, swearing death to preserve integrity and not suffer disgrace. When his strength was exhausted and he was seized in court dress, he was still ardent and indignant, enumerating the rebels' crimes of ingratitude. Onlookers trembled in the legs; Yi did not change color, but faced north to bid farewell to his lord, then suffered harm. Though ancient martyrs—few could match him!
34
或曰：「洛陽之存亡，操兵者實任其咎，非執法吏所能抗。 師敗將奔，去之可也。 委身寇仇，以死誰懟？」 及以為不然。 勇者禦而忠者守，必社稷是衛，則死生以之。 危而去之，是智免也，於忠何有？ 昔荀息殺身於晉，不食其言也； 仲由結纓於衛，食焉不避其難也； 玄冥勤其官而水死，守位而忘軀也； 伯姬待保姆而火死，先禮而後身也。 彼四人者，死之日，皆於事無補，夫豈愛死而賈禍也！ 以為死輕於義，故蹈義而捐生。 古史書之，使事君者勸。 然則祿山之亂，大於裏克、孔悝； 奕廉察之任，切於玄冥之官。 分命所繫，不啻於保姆； 逆黨兵威，甚於水火。 於斯時也，能與執干戈者同其戮力，挽之不來，推之不去，豈不以師可虧，免不可茍，身可殺，節不可奪。 故全其特操於白刃之下，孰與夫懷安偷生者同其風哉！
Some say: "Whether Luoyang stood or fell, those who wielded troops truly bore the blame—it was not something a law-enforcing clerk could resist. When the army is defeated the general flees—departure was possible. To surrender body to the enemy and die—who would be shamed?" I consider this wrong. The brave defend and the loyal guard; they must protect the altars of soil and grain—life and death follow from this. To leave in peril is clever escape—what loyalty is there? In old days Xun Xi killed himself at Jin, not breaking his word; Zhong You tied the tassel in Wei, eating his lord's grain and not avoiding hardship; Xuanming diligently served his office and died by water, holding post and forgetting body; Lady Bo waited for her nurse and died by fire, putting ritual first and body after. On the day those four died, it was of no practical help—did they love death and court disaster? They considered death lighter than righteousness, therefore they followed righteousness and cast away life. Ancient histories recorded it to encourage those who serve lords. Thus Lushan's disorder was greater than that of Lig Ke and Kong Kui; Yi's duty of investigation was more urgent than Xuanming's office. The charge entrusted to him was no less than that of a nurse; the rebel army's might was fiercer than fire and water. At such a time, able to join those who wielded weapons in shared effort—pull and it would not come, push and it would not go—was it not because the army might be lost but disgrace could not be endured, the body might be killed but integrity could not be seized? Therefore he preserved his unique integrity beneath white blades—how does that compare in wind with those who cling to ease and steal life!
35
謹按謚法，圖國忘身曰「貞」，秉德遵業曰「烈」。 奕執憲戎馬之間，志籓王室，可謂圖國； 國危不能拯，而繼之以死，可謂忘身； 歷官一十任，言必正，事必果，而清節不撓，去之若始至，可謂秉德； 先黃門以直道佐時，奕嗣之以忠純，可謂遵業。 請謚曰「貞烈」。
According to the posthumous-title law, plotting for the state and forgetting body is "Steadfast"; upholding virtue and following enterprise is "Valorous." Yi held the law amid war-horses, his will to shield the royal house—this may be called plotting for the state; when the state was in peril he could not save it and followed with death—this may be called forgetting body; through ten offices his words were always upright and deeds decisive, integrity unbent, departing as at first arrival—this may be called upholding virtue; the former Huangmen aided the age with the straight Way, and Yi continued with pure loyalty—this may be called following enterprise. I request the posthumous title "Steadfast and Valorous."
36
從之。
The court approved.
37
蔣清
Jiang Qing
38
蔣清者，故吏部侍郎欽緒之子。 舉明經，調補太子校書郎、鞏縣丞，盧奕留之憲府。 清與諸兄溢、演、沇，知名於時。 奕之被害，清亦死焉。
Jiang Qing was the son of the former Vice Minister of Personnel Qinxu. Recommended on the Mingjing examination, he was appointed proofreader of the Heir Apparent and vice magistrate of Gong County; Lu Yi retained him in the censorate. Qing and his elder brothers Yi, Yan, and Mian were renowned in their time. When Yi was killed, Qing also died.
39
顏杲卿
Yan Gaoqing
40
顏杲卿，瑯邪臨沂人。 世仕江左。 五代祖之推，北齊黃門侍郎、修文館學士。 齊亡入周，始家關內，遂為長安人焉。 曾伯祖師古，貞觀中秘書監，自有傳。 曾祖勤禮，崇文館學士。 祖甫，曹王侍讀。 父元孫，垂拱初登進士第，考功員外郎劉奇榜其詞策，文瑰俊拔，多士聳觀。 歷官長安尉、太子舍人、亳州刺史卒。
Yan Gaoqing was a native of Linyi in Langye. His family served south of the Yangzi for generations. His fifth-generation ancestor Zhitui was vice director of the Huangmen and academician of the Xiuxiang Hall in Northern Qi. When Qi fell he entered Zhou, first settling within the passes, and thus became a man of Chang'an. His great-great-uncle Shigu, director of the Secretariat in the Zhenguan era, has his own biography. His great-grandfather Qinli was academician of the Chongwen Hall. His grandfather Fu was reader to the Prince of Cao. His father Yuansun passed the jinshi in the early Chuigong era; Examining Affairs Director Liu Qi ranked his policy essay, the writing splendid and outstanding, and the multitude of scholars looked up in awe. He served in succession as magistrate of Chang'an, secretary to the Heir Apparent, and prefect of Bozhou, where he died.
41
杲卿以廕受官，性剛直，有吏幹。 開元中，為魏州錄事參軍，振舉綱目，政稱第一。 天寶十四載，攝常山太守。 時安祿山為河北、河東采訪使，常山在其部內。 其年十一月，祿山舉范陽之兵詣闕。 十二月十二日，陷東都。 杲卿忠誠感發，懼賊遂寇潼關，即危宗社。 時從弟真卿為平原太守，初聞祿山逆謀，陰養死士，招懷豪右，為拒賊之計。 至是遣使告杲卿，相與起義兵，掎角斷賊歸路，以紓西寇之勢。 杲卿乃與長史袁履謙、前真定令賈深、前內丘丞張通幽等，謀開土門以背之。 時祿山遣蔣欽湊、高邈率眾五千守土門。 杲卿欲誅欽湊，開土門之路。 時欽湊軍隸常山郡，屬欽湊遣高邈往幽州未還，杲卿遣吏召欽湊至郡計事。 是月二十二日夜，欽湊至，舍之於傳舍。 會飲既醉，令袁履謙與參軍馮虔、縣尉李棲默、手力翟萬德等殺欽湊。 中夜，履謙以欽湊首見杲卿，相與垂泣，喜事交濟也。 是夜，稾城尉崔安石報高邈還至蒲城，即令馮虔、翟萬德與安石往圖之。 詰朝，高邈之騎從數人至稾城驛，安石皆殺之。 俄而邈至，安石紿之曰：「太守備酒樂於傳舍。」 邈方據廳下馬，馮虔等擒而縶之。 是日，賊將何千年自東都來趙郡，馮虔、萬德伏兵於醴泉驛，千年至，又擒之。 即日縛二賊將還郡。 杲卿遣子安平尉泉明及賈深、張通幽、翟萬德，函欽湊之首，械二賊，送於京師。
Gaoqing received office by yin privilege; he was stern and upright, with administrative ability. In the Kaiyuan era he was registrar of Weizhou, raising standards and regulations; his governance was ranked first. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao he acted as prefect of Changshan. At that time An Lushan was investigation commissioner of Hebei and Hedong; Changshan lay within his jurisdiction. That year in the eleventh month Lushan raised the army of Fanyang toward the palace. On the twelfth day of the twelfth month the Eastern Capital fell. Gaoqing, moved by loyalty, feared the rebels would then raid Tong Pass and endanger the altars of state. At that time his cousin Zhenqing was prefect of Pingyuan; having first heard of Lushan's treasonous plot, he secretly trained death-loyal men and won over powerful locals, planning resistance. Now he sent envoys to inform Gaoqing, and together they raised righteous troops, pincering to cut the rebels' route of return and ease the western invader's pressure. Gaoqing then with Chief Clerk Yuan Lüqian, former magistrate of Zhending Jia Shen, former vice magistrate of Neiqiu Zhang Tongyou, and others plotted to open Tumen Pass and strike from behind. At that time Lushan dispatched Jiang Qincou and Gao Miao leading five thousand men to hold Tumen Pass. Gaoqing wished to kill Qincou and open the road through Tumen Pass. At that time Qincou's army was subordinate to Changshan Commandery; as Qincou had sent Gao Miao to Youzhou and he had not returned, Gaoqing sent a clerk to summon Qincou to the commandery to discuss affairs. That month on the night of the twenty-second Qincou arrived and was lodged at the relay station. When the drinking was finished and he was drunk, Gaoqing ordered Yuan Lüqian and Adjutant Feng Qian, Magistrate Li Qimo, and personal guard Zhai Wande and others to kill Qincou. At midnight Lüqian brought Qincou's head to Gaoqing; they wept together, joy and tears mingling. That night Gaocheng Magistrate Cui Anshi reported Gao Miao had returned to Pucheng; Gaoqing immediately ordered Feng Qian, Zhai Wande, and Anshi to go deal with him. At dawn Miao's mounted attendants, a few men, reached Gaocheng Station; Anshi killed them all. Soon Miao arrived; Anshi deceived him, "The prefect has prepared wine and music at the relay station." Miao was just dismounting in the hall when Feng Qian and the others seized and bound him. That day the rebel general He Qiannian came from the Eastern Capital to Zhao Commandery; Feng Qian and Wande lay in ambush at Liquan Station, and when Qiannian arrived they captured him too. That same day they bound the two rebel generals and returned to the commandery. Gaoqing sent his son Anping Magistrate Quanming with Jia Shen, Zhang Tongyou, and Zhai Wande, bearing Qincou's head in a box and the two rebels in fetters, to the capital.
42
至太原，節度使王承業留泉明、賈深等，寢杲卿之表。 承業自上表獻之，以為己功。 玄宗不之知，擢拜承業大將軍，牙官獲賞者百數。 玄宗尋知杲卿之功，乃加衛尉卿、兼御史大夫，以袁履謙為常山太守，賈深為司馬。
At Taiyuan Military Commissioner Wang Chengye detained Quanming, Jia Shen, and the others and suppressed Gaoqing's memorial. Chengye himself submitted a memorial presenting them, taking the credit. Emperor Xuanzong did not know; he promoted Chengye to great general, and a hundred-odd staff officers received rewards. The emperor soon learned of Gaoqing's achievement and further appointed him director of the Court of the Imperial Stud and concurrently censor-in-chief; Yuan Lüqian became prefect of Changshan and Jia Shen army marshal.
43
杲卿既斬賊將，收兵練卒，乃檄告河北郡縣，言朝廷以榮王為河北兵馬大元帥，哥舒翰為副，統眾三十萬，即出土門。 郡縣聞之，皆殺賊守將，遠近響應，時十五郡皆為國家所守。 時安祿山遣使傳李憕、盧奕之首徇河北。 至平原，真卿殺賊使，收藏憕等首。 清池尉賈載亦斬偽署景城守劉玄道，傳首於平原。 饒陽郡守盧全誠亦據郡舉兵，會於真卿。 時常山、平原二郡兵威大振。 祿山方自率眾而西，已至陜，聞河北有變而還，乃命史思明、蔡希德率眾渡河。
After Gaoqing had beheaded the rebel generals and gathered and trained troops, he issued a proclamation to the commanderies of Hebei, stating that the court had appointed Prince of Rong as grand marshal of Hebei military forces and Geshu Han as deputy, commanding three hundred thousand men, about to emerge from Tumen Pass. When the commanderies heard this they all killed rebel garrison commanders; near and far responded, and at the time fifteen commanderies were held for the state. At that time An Lushan sent envoys bearing the heads of Li Cheng and Lu Yi through Hebei as a warning. Reaching Pingyuan, Zhenqing killed the rebel envoy and preserved the heads of Cheng and the others. Qingchi Vice Magistrate Jia Zai also beheaded the falsely appointed garrison commander of Jingcheng Liu Xuandao and sent the head to Pingyuan. Raoyang Commandery Administrator Lu Quancheng also held the commandery and raised troops, joining Zhenqing. At that time the military might of Changshan and Pingyuan commanderies greatly swelled. Lushan was just leading his forces west and had reached Shan; hearing of changes in Hebei he returned and ordered Shi Siming and Cai Xide to lead forces across the river.
44
十五年正月，思明攻常山郡。 城中兵少，眾寡不敵，禦備皆竭。 其月八日，城陷，杲卿、履謙為賊所執，送於東都。 思明既陷常山，遂攻諸郡，鄴、廣平、鉅鹿、趙郡、上谷、博陵、文安、魏郡、信都，復為賊守。 祿山見杲卿，面責之曰：「汝昨自范陽戶曹，我奏為判官，遂得光祿、太常二丞，便用汝攝常山太守，負汝何事而背我耶？」 杲卿瞋目而報曰：「我世為唐臣，常守忠義，縱受汝奏署，復合從汝反乎！ 且汝本營州一牧羊羯奴耳，叨竊恩寵，致身及此，天子負汝何事而汝反耶？」 祿山怒甚，令縛於中橋南頭從西第二柱，節解之，比至氣絕，大罵不息。
In the first month of the fifteenth year Siming attacked Changshan Commandery. Troops in the city were few; they could not match the multitude, and defenses were exhausted. On the eighth day of that month the city fell; Gaoqing and Lüqian were seized by the rebels and sent to the Eastern Capital. After Siming captured Changshan he attacked the other commanderies; Ye, Guangping, Julu, Zhao, Shanggu, Boling, Wen'an, Wei, and Xindu again became rebel-held. Lushan saw Gaoqing and rebuked him face to face: "You were yesterday a household registrar in Fanyang; I memorialized you as case officer, then gave you director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments and Grand Temple—then used you as acting prefect of Changshan. What did I owe you that you betrayed me?" Gaoqing glared and replied, "My family for generations has been subjects of Tang, ever holding loyalty and righteousness; though I received your memorial appointment, should I have followed you in rebellion? Moreover you were originally a sheep-herding Jie slave of Yingzhou, undeservedly enjoying favor and reaching this height—what did the Son of Heaven owe you that you rebelled?" Lushan was greatly enraged and ordered him bound at the south end of the central bridge, second pillar from the west, and dismembered limb by limb; until breath stopped he cursed without cease.
45
是日杲卿幼子誕、侄詡及袁履謙，皆被先截手足，何千年弟在傍，含血噴其面，因加割臠，路人見之流涕。 其年二月，李光弼、郭子儀之師自土門東下，復收常山郡。 杲卿、履謙等妻女數百人，繫之獄中，光弼破械出之，令行喪服，給遣周厚。
That day Gaoqing's young son Dan, nephew Xu, and Yuan Lüqian all had hands and feet cut off first; He Qiannian's younger brother stood by, spraying blood on their faces, then further cutting flesh—passersby wept at the sight. That year in the second month the armies of Li Guangbi and Guo Ziyi came down from Tumen Pass east and recaptured Changshan Commandery. Several hundred wives and daughters of Gaoqing, Lüqian, and the others were imprisoned; Guangbi broke their fetters, ordered mourning dress, and gave generous support for their departure.
46
至德二年冬，廣平王收復兩京，史思明以河朔歸國。 時真卿為蒲州刺史，乃令泉明於河北求訪血屬。 杲卿妹先適故榆次令張景儋，妹女流落賊中，泉明一女亦落賊中，俱索購錢三萬。 泉明悉索所費，購姑女而還，比復納購，己女遂失。 而袁履謙已下，父之將吏妻子奴隸三百餘人，轉徙賊中，窮窘無告。 泉明悉以歸蒲州，真卿贍給久之，隨其所詣而資送之。 泉明求其父屍於東都，得其行刑者，言杲卿被害時，先斷一足，與履謙同坎瘞之。 及發瘞得屍，果無一足，即日與履謙之屍，各為一柩，扶護還長安。 初，履謙妻疑夫柩殮衣儉薄，發棺視之，一與杲卿等，履謙妻號踴感嘆，待之如父。 泉明之志行仁義如此。
In the winter of the second year of Zhide the Prince of Guangping recovered the two capitals; Shi Siming submitted Hebei to the state. At that time Zhenqing was prefect of Puzhou; he ordered Quanming to seek blood kin in Hebei. Gaoqing's younger sister had earlier married the former magistrate of Yuci Zhang Jingdan; her daughter was lost among the rebels, and Quanming's daughter also fell among rebels—each required thirty thousand in ransom. Quanming spent all he had to buy back his aunt's daughter; when he again paid ransom his own daughter was lost. Below Yuan Lüqian, more than three hundred wives, children, slaves, and servants of fathers' generals and officials wandered among rebels, destitute with none to plead. Quanming brought them all back to Puzhou; Zhenqing supported them for a long time and sent them on according to their wishes. Quanming sought his father's corpse in the Eastern Capital and found the executioner, who said when Gaoqing was killed they first cut off one foot and buried him in the same pit with Lüqian. When the pit was opened the corpse indeed lacked one foot; that day he and Lüqian's corpse each received a coffin and were escorted back to Chang'an. At first Lüqian's wife suspected her husband's coffin burial clothes were meager; opening the coffin she looked—identical to Gaoqing's—and wailed and stamped, treating him like a father. Quanming's will and conduct in benevolence and righteousness were thus.
47
乾元元年五月，詔曰：「故衛尉卿、兼御史中丞、恆州刺史顏杲卿，任彼專城，志梟狂虜，艱難之際，忠義在心。 憤群兇而慷慨，臨大節而奮發，遂擒元惡，成此茂勛。 屬胡虜憑陵，流毒方熾，孤城力屈，見陷寇仇，身歿名存，實彰忠烈。 夫仁者有勇，驗之於臨難； 臣之報國，義存於捐軀。 嘉其死節之誠，未備飾終之禮，可贈太子太保。」
In the fifth month of the first year of Qianyuan an edict said: "The late Director of the Court of the Imperial Stud, concurrently surveillance censor and prefect of Hengzhou Yan Gaoqing, holding that walled city alone, resolved to destroy the mad invader; in hardship his loyalty and righteousness were in his heart. Indignant at the multitude of villains he was ardent; facing great integrity he roused himself, and thus captured the chief villain and achieved this splendid merit. When the barbarian invader relied on force and poison spread fiercely, the lone city exhausted its strength and he fell into the enemy's hands—body perished, name preserved, truly displaying loyal valor. The humane have courage—tested in facing hardship; the minister's repayment of the state lies in casting away body. We praise the sincerity of his death in integrity; the rites of honoring the end are not yet complete—he may be posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent."
48
薛願
Xue Yuan
49
薛願，河東汾陰人。 父縚，禮部郎中。 兄崇一，尚惠宣太子女宜君縣主。 女弟為廢太子瑛妃。 願坐宮廢貶官。 祿山之亂，南陽節度使魯炅奏用願為潁川太守、本郡防禦使。 時賊已陷陳留、滎陽、汝南等郡，方圍南陽。 潁川當其來往之路，願與防禦副使龐堅同力固守，城中儲蓄無素，兵卒單寡。 自至德元年正月至十一月，賊晝夜攻之不息，距城百里，廬舍墳墓林樹開發斬徹殆盡，而外救無至。 賊將阿史那承慶悉以銳卒並攻，為木驢木鵝，雲梯沖棚，四面雲合，鼓噪如雷，矢石如雨，力攻十餘日，城中守備皆竭，賊夜半乘梯而入。 願、堅俱被執，送於東都，將支解之。 或說祿山曰：「薛願、龐堅，義士也。 人各為其主，屠之不祥。」 乃繫於洛水之濱，屬苦寒，一夕凍死。
Xue Yuan was a native of Fenyin in Hedong. His father Tao was director in the Ministry of Rites. His elder brother Chongyi married the Princess of Yijun, daughter of Princess Huixuan. A younger sister was consort to the deposed Crown Prince Ying. Yuan was demoted because of the palace affair. In Lushan's disorder Nanyang Military Commissioner Lu Hui memorialized Yuan as prefect of Yingchuan and defense commissioner of that commandery. At that time the rebels had already captured Chenliu, Xingyang, Runan, and other commanderies and were besieging Nanyang. Yingchuan lay on their route of passage; Yuan and Vice Defense Commissioner Pang Jian together held firm; stores in the city were not prepared beforehand, and soldiers were few. From the first month of the first year of Zhide to the eleventh month the rebels attacked day and night without cease; within a hundred li of the city, houses, tombs, groves, and trees were dug up and cut down nearly to nothing, and outside relief did not come. The rebel general Ashina Chengqing attacked with all elite troops together, using wooden rams and wooden geese, scaling ladders and assault sheds; from four sides clouds converged, drums and shouts like thunder, arrows and stones like rain; they pressed the attack for more than ten days until city defenses were exhausted, and at midnight the rebels entered by ladder. Yuan and Jian were both seized and sent to the Eastern Capital, about to be dismembered. Someone said to Lushan, "Xue Yuan and Pang Jian are men of righteousness. Each serves his lord; to slaughter them is inauspicious." They were then bound on the banks of the Luo; it happened to be bitter cold, and in one night they froze to death.
50
附龐堅
Attached: Pang Jian
51
堅，武德功臣玉之玄孫。 初娶邠王守禮女建寧縣主。 魯炅奏為潁川郡長史，兼防禦副使。
Jian was the great-grandson of Yu, meritorious minister of the Wude era. At first he married Princess Jianning, daughter of Prince of Bin Wang Shouli. Lu Hui memorialized him as chief administrator of Yingchuan Commandery and concurrently vice defense commissioner.
52
張巡
Zhang Xun
53
張巡，蒲州河東人。 兄曉，開元中監察御史。 兄弟皆以文行知名。 巡聰悟有才幹，舉進士，三以書判拔萃入等。 天寶中，調授清河令。 有能名，重義尚氣節，人以危窘告者，必傾財以恤之。
Zhang Xun was a native of Hedong in Puzhou. His elder brother Xiao, in the Kaiyuan era, was surveillance censor. The brothers were both renowned for literary conduct. Xun was intelligent and talented; he passed the jinshi and three times entered the top rank in document judgment. In the Tianbao era he was appointed magistrate of Qinghe. He had a reputation for ability, valued righteousness and esteemed integrity; when people told him of distress he would pour out wealth to aid them.
54
祿山之亂，巡為真源令。 說譙郡太守，令完城，募市人，為拒賊之勢。 時吳王祗為靈昌太守，奉詔糾率河南諸郡，練兵以拒逆黨，濟南太守李隨副之。 巡與單父尉賈賁各召募豪傑，同為義舉。
In Lushan's disorder Xun was magistrate of Zhenyuan. He persuaded the prefect of Qiao Commandery to repair the walls, recruit townspeople, and form resistance to the rebels. At that time Prince of Wu Zhi was prefect of Lingchang, ordered to marshal the commanderies of Henan, train troops to resist the rebels, with Prefect of Jinan Li Sui as deputy. Xun and Danfu Vice Magistrate Jia Ben each recruited heroic men and together made righteous cause.
55
時雍丘令令狐潮欲以其城降賊，民吏百餘人不從命，潮皆反接，仆之於地，將斬之。 會賊來攻城，潮遽出鬥，而反接者自解其縛，閉城門拒潮召賁。 賁與巡引眾入雍丘，殺潮妻子，嬰城守備。 吳王祗承制授賁監察御史。 數日，賊來攻城，賁出鬥而死，巡乃合賁之眾城守。 令狐潮引賊將李廷望攻圍累月，賊傷夷大半。 祿山乃於雍丘北置杞州，築城壘以絕餉路，自是內外隔絕。 又相持累月，賊鋒轉熾，城中益困。
At that time Qiao Commandery Magistrate Linghu Chao wished to surrender the city to the rebels; more than a hundred clerks and people would not obey, and Chao bound them all, threw them to the ground, and was about to behead them. Just then rebels came to attack the city; Chao rushed out to fight, and the bound men freed themselves, closed the city gate, refused Chao, and summoned Ben. Ben and Xun led the multitude into Yongqiu, killed Chao's wife and children, and held the city in defense. Prince of Wu by provisional order appointed Ben surveillance censor. Within days rebels came to attack the city; Ben went out to fight and died; Xun then combined Ben's forces to hold the city. Linghu Chao led rebel general Li Tingwang to attack and besiege for months; rebel casualties were more than half. Lushan then established Qi Prefecture north of Yongqiu, building walls and ramparts to cut the supply route—thereafter inside and outside were cut off. They faced each other for months more; rebel momentum grew fiercer and hardship in the city increased.
56
時許遠為睢陽守，與城父令姚同守睢陽城，賊攻之不下。 初祿山陷河洛，許叔冀守靈昌，薛願守潁川，許遠守睢陽，皆城孤無援。 願守一年而城陷，督冀一年而自拔，獨睢陽堅守。 賊將尹子奇攻圍經年。 巡以雍丘小邑，儲備不足，大寇臨之，必難保守，乃列卒結陣詐降，至德二年正月也。 玄宗聞而壯之，授巡主客郎中、兼御史中丞。 尹子奇攻圍既久，城中糧盡，易子而食，析骸而爨，人心危恐，慮將有變。 巡乃出其妾，對三軍殺之，以饗軍士。 曰：「諸公為國家戮力守城，一心無二，經年乏食，忠義不衰。 巡不能自割肌膚，以啖將士，豈可惜此婦，坐視危迫。」 將士皆泣下，不忍食，巡強令食之。 乃括城中婦人； 既盡，以男夫老小繼之，所食人口二三萬，人心終不離變。
At that time Xu Yuan was defender of Suiyang; together with Chengfu Magistrate Yao Tong he held Suiyang city, and the rebels could not take it. When Lushan first captured the He and Luo, Xu Shuji held Lingchang, Xue Yuan held Yingchuan, and Xu Yuan held Suiyang—all lone cities without relief. Yuan held one year and the city fell; Shuji held one year and broke out alone; only Suiyang held firm. Rebel general Yin Ziqi attacked and besieged for a year. Xun, because Yongqiu was a small town with insufficient stores and a great invader pressing it, could not easily be preserved; he arrayed troops in formation feigning surrender—in the first month of the second year of Zhide. Emperor Xuanzong heard and admired it; he appointed Xun director in the Ministry of Rites and concurrently surveillance censor. Yin Ziqi besieged for a long time; grain in the city was exhausted—they exchanged children to eat and split bones to cook; hearts were fearful and dreading mutiny. Xun then brought out his concubine and before the three armies killed her to feed the troops. He said, "You all exert strength for the state holding the city, one heart without division; for a year food has been lacking yet loyalty and righteousness do not fade. Xun cannot cut his own flesh to feed the generals and soldiers—how can he begrudge this woman and sit watching peril!" Generals and soldiers all wept and could not bear to eat; Xun forced them to eat. Then they gathered the women of the city; when those were exhausted, men, old and young followed—those eaten numbered twenty or thirty thousand, yet hearts never turned from change.
57
時賀蘭進明以重兵守臨淮，巡遣帳下之士南霽雲夜縋出城，求援於進明。 進明日與諸將張樂高會，無出師意。 霽雲泣告之曰：「本州強寇淩逼，重圍半年，食盡兵窮，計無從出。 初圍城之日，城中數萬口，今婦人老幼，相食殆盡，張中丞殺愛妾以啖軍人，今見存之數，不過數千，城中之人，分當餌賊。 但睢陽既拔，即及臨淮，皮毛相依，理須援助。 霽雲所以冒賊鋒刃，匍匐乞師，謂大夫深念危亡，言發響應，何得宴安自處，殊無救恤之心？ 夫忠臣義士之所為，豈宜如此！ 霽雲既不能達主將之意，請嚙一指，留於大夫，示之以信，歸報本州。」 霽雲自臨淮還睢陽，繩城而入。 城中將吏知救不至，慟哭累日。
At that time Helan Jinming held heavy troops at Linhuai; Xun sent his officer Nan Jiyun to lower himself by rope from the city at night and seek relief from Jinming. The next day Jinming feasted the generals with music at a high gathering, with no intention of marching out. Jiyun wept and told him, "Our prefecture is violently pressed by a strong foe; besieged half a year, food exhausted and troops spent—there is no way out. When the siege began the city had tens of thousands; now women, old and young, have nearly all been eaten; Vice Censor Zhang killed his beloved concubine to feed the soldiers—those who remain number only a few thousand; the people of the city must in turn become bait for the rebels. But once Suiyang falls, it reaches Linhuai; hide and fur depend on each other—aid must by reason be given. Jiyun therefore braved the rebels' blades, crawling to beg troops, thinking the grandee deeply mindful of peril and ruin, that words would ring with response—how can he feast in ease with utterly no heart to save and succor? What loyal ministers and righteous men do—should it be thus! Jiyun cannot reach the chief general's intent; I beg to bite off one finger and leave it with the grandee as proof, to report back to our prefecture." Jiyun returned from Linhuai to Suiyang and entered the city by rope. Generals and officials in the city, knowing relief would not come, wept for many days.
58
十月，城陷。 巡與姚、南霽雲、許遠，皆為賊所執。 巡神氣慷慨，每與賊戰，大呼誓師，眥裂血流，齒牙皆碎。 城將陷，西向再拜，曰：「臣智勇俱竭，不能式遏強寇，保守孤城。 臣雖為鬼，誓與賊為厲，以答明恩。」 及城陷，尹子奇謂巡曰：「聞君每戰眥裂，嚼齒皆碎，何至此耶？」 巡曰：「吾欲氣吞逆賊，但力不遂耳！」 子奇以大刀剔巡口，視其齒，存者不過三數。 巡大罵曰：「我為君父義死。 爾附逆賊，犬彘也，安能久哉！」 子奇義其言，將禮之，左右曰：「此人守義，必不為我用。 素得士心，不可久留。」 是日，與姚、霽雲同被害，唯許遠執送洛陽。
In the tenth month the city fell. Xun, Yao, Nan Jiyun, and Xu Yuan were all seized by the rebels. Xun's spirit was ardent; each time he fought the rebels he shouted to rally the army, eyes splitting and blood flowing, teeth all shattered. As the city was about to fall he bowed twice to the west and said, "Your servant's wisdom and courage are both exhausted; I cannot check the strong foe or preserve this lone city. Though I become a ghost, I swear to be a bane to the rebels, to repay enlightened grace." When the city fell Yin Ziqi said to Xun, "I hear that in each battle your eyes split and you chew your teeth to shards—how did it come to this?" Xun said, "I wished to swallow the rebels in spirit—but strength did not suffice!" Ziqi with a great knife pried open Xun's mouth and looked at his teeth—those remaining were no more than three or four. Xun cursed loudly, "I die for lord and father in righteousness. You attach to rebel villains—dogs and swine—you cannot last long!" Ziqi respected his words and was about to honor him; attendants said, "This man holds righteousness and surely will not serve us. He has always won soldiers' hearts—he cannot be kept long." That day he was killed together with Yao and Jiyun; only Xu Yuan was sent under escort to Luoyang.
59
附姚誾
Attached: Yao Yin
60
姚誾者，浹州平陸人，故相梁國公崇之侄孫。 父弇，開元初歷處州刺史。 誾性豪蕩，好飲謔，善絲竹。 歷壽安尉、城父令，與張巡素相親善。 以守睢陽之功，至德二年春，加檢校尚書侍郎。
Yao Yin was a native of Pinglu in Jiazhou, grandnephew of former Chancellor Duke of Liang Chong. His father Yan, in the early Kaiyuan era, served in succession as prefect of Chuzhou. Yin was bold and unrestrained, fond of drinking and jest, skilled at stringed music. He served in succession as vice magistrate of Shou'an and magistrate of Chengfu; he was always close to Zhang Xun. For defending Suiyang he was in the spring of the second year of Zhide further made acting vice director of the Secretariat.
61
賈賁者，故閬州刺史璿之子也。
Jia Ben was the son of the former Prefect of Langzhou Xuan.
62
許遠
Xu Yuan
63
許遠者，杭州鹽官人也。 世仕江右。 曾祖高陽公敬宗，龍朔中宰相，自有傳。 遠清幹，初從軍河西，為磧西支度判官。 章仇兼瓊鎮劍南，又辟為從事。 慕其門，欲以子妻之。 遠辭，兼瓊怒，積他事中傷，貶為高要尉。 後遇赦得還。
Xu Yuan was a native of Yanguan in Hangzhou. His family served the lands south of the Yangzi for generations. His great-grandfather Duke of Gaoyang Jingzong, chancellor in the Longshuo era, has his own biography. Yuan was clear and capable; he first followed the army in Hexi as disbursement case officer of the Western Deserts. Zhang Qiu Jianqiong governed Jiannan and also recruited him as staff member. Admiring his house, he wished to marry his son to Yuan. Yuan declined; Jianqiong was angry and accumulated other matters to harm him, demoting him to vice magistrate of Gaoyao. Later he met amnesty and returned.
64
祿山之亂，不次拔將帥，或薦遠素練戎事。 玄宗召見，拜睢陽太守，累加侍御史、本州防禦使。 及賊將尹子奇攻圍，遠與張巡、姚摐嬰城拒守經年，外救不至，兵糧俱盡而城陷。 尹子奇執送洛陽，與哥舒翰、程千里，俱囚之客省。 及安慶緒敗，渡河北走，使嚴莊皆害之。
In Lushan's disorder generals were promoted out of order; some recommended Yuan as long skilled in military affairs. Emperor Xuanzong summoned and saw him, appointing him prefect of Suiyang, cumulatively promoted to attendant censor and defense commissioner of that prefecture. When rebel general Yin Ziqi attacked and besieged, Yuan with Zhang Xun and Yao Chong held the city for a year; outside relief did not come, troops and grain were both exhausted, and the city fell. Yin Ziqi seized and sent him to Luoyang, imprisoning him with Geshu Han and Cheng Qianli in the Guest Bureau. When An Qingxu was defeated and fled north across the river, he ordered Yan Zhuang to kill them all.
65
初，賀蘭進明與房琯素不相葉。 及琯為宰相，進明時為御史大夫。 琯奏用進明為彭城太守、河南節度使、兼御史大夫，代嗣虢王巨； 復用靈昌太守許叔冀為進明都知兵馬、兼御史大夫，重其官以挫進明。 虢王巨受代之時，盡將部曲而行，所留者揀退羸兵數千人、劣馬數百匹，不堪扞賊。 叔冀恃部下精銳，又名位等於進明，自謂匹敵，不受進明節制。 故南霽雲之乞師，進明不敢分兵，懼叔冀見襲。 兩相觀望，坐視危亡，致河南郡邑為墟，由執政之乖經制也。
At first Helan Jinming and Fang Guan had never been on good terms. When Guan became chancellor, Jinming was then censor-in-chief. Guan memorialized Jinming as prefect of Pengcheng, Henan military commissioner, and concurrently censor-in-chief, replacing the Prince of Guo Wang Ju; he again used Lingchang Prefect Xu Shuji as Jinming's director of all military affairs and concurrently censor-in-chief, weighting his office to check Jinming. When Prince of Guo Wang Ju was replaced he took all his troops and departed, leaving only several thousand picked-over weak soldiers and several hundred inferior horses, unfit to resist rebels. Shuji relied on his troops as elite and his rank as equal to Jinming; he considered himself a match and would not accept Jinming's command. Therefore when Nan Jiyun begged troops, Jinming dared not divide forces, fearing Shuji would attack. The two watched each other and sat viewing peril and ruin, causing commanderies of Henan to become ruins—from the failure of those in power to govern by constant measure.
66
程千里
Cheng Qianli
67
程千里，京兆人。 身長七尺，骨相魁岸，有勇力。 本磧西募人，累以戎勛，官至安西副都護。 天寶十一載，授御史中丞。 十二載，兼北庭都護，充安西北庭節度使。 突厥首領阿布思先率眾內附，隸朔方軍，玄宗賜姓名曰李獻忠。 李林甫遙領朔方節度，用獻忠為副將。 後有詔移獻忠部落隸幽州，獻忠素與祿山有隙，懼不奉詔，乃叛歸磧北，數為邊患。 玄宗憤之，命千里將兵討之。
Cheng Qianli was a native of Jingzhao. Seven feet in height, with imposing bone structure, he had courage and strength. Originally a recruited man of the Western Deserts, he rose through repeated military merit to vice protector of Anxi. In the eleventh year of Tianbao he was appointed surveillance censor. In the twelfth year he was concurrently protector of Beiting and military commissioner of Anxi and Beiting. The Turkic leader Abu Si first led his tribes to submit within the borders and was attached to the Shuofang army; Emperor Xuanzong granted the surname Li and name Xianzhong. Li Linfu remotely held the Shuofang commission and used Xianzhong as deputy general. Later an edict moved Xianzhong's tribe to Youzhou; Xianzhong had long been at odds with Lushan, feared not to obey the edict, rebelled and returned to the northern deserts, and repeatedly harried the border. Emperor Xuanzong was enraged and ordered Qianli to lead troops against him.
68
十二載十一月，千里兵至磧西，以書喻葛祿，令其相應。 獻忠勢窮，歸葛祿部。 葛祿縛獻忠並其妻子及帳下數千人，送之千里，飛表獻捷，天子壯之。 十三載三月，千里獻俘於勤政樓，斬之於硃雀街，以功授右金吾衛大將軍同正，仍留佐羽林軍。 祿山之亂，詔千里於河東召募，充河東節度副使、雲中太守。
In the eleventh month of the twelfth year Qianli's army reached the Western Deserts and wrote to the Geluolu, ordering them to respond in concert. Xianzhong's strength was exhausted and he returned to the Geluolu tribe. The Geluolu bound Xianzhong with his wife, children, and several thousand followers under his tent and sent them to Qianli, who flew a memorial announcing victory; the Son of Heaven admired it. In the third month of the thirteenth year Qianli presented captives at Qinzheng Tower; they were beheaded at Zhuque Street, and for merit he was appointed full general of the Right Golden Guard and remained to assist the Imperial Guard. In Lushan's disorder an edict ordered Qianli to recruit at Hedong, serving as deputy military commissioner of Hedong and prefect of Yunzhong.
69
十五載正月，遷上黨郡長史、特進，攝御史中丞，以兵守上黨。 賊來攻城，屢為千里所敗，以功累加開府儀同三司、禮部尚書、兼御史大夫。
In the first month of the fifteenth year he was transferred to chief administrator of Shangdang Commandery, specially advanced, acting surveillance censor, holding troops to defend Shangdang. Rebels came to attack the city and were repeatedly defeated by Qianli; for merit he was cumulatively promoted to honorary grand general and minister of rites and concurrently censor-in-chief.
70
至德二年九月，賊將蔡希德圍城，數以輕騎挑戰。 千里恃其驍果，開懸門，率百騎，欲生擒希德。 勁騎搏之，垂將擒而希德救兵至，千里斂騎而退，橋壞墜坑，反為希德所執。 仰首告諸騎曰：「非吾戰之過，此天也！ 為我報諸將士，乍可失帥，不可失城。」 軍人聞之泣下，晝夜嚴兵城守，賊竟不能拔。 千里至東都，安慶緒舍之，偽署特進，囚之客省。 及慶緒敗走，為嚴莊所害。
In the ninth month of the second year of Zhide rebel general Cai Xide besieged the city and repeatedly challenged with light cavalry. Qianli relied on his fierce valor, opened the suspended gate, led a hundred horsemen, and wished to capture Xide alive. Strong riders grappled with him; he was just about to seize Xide when Xide's rescue troops arrived; Qianli gathered his horses and withdrew, the bridge broke and he fell into a pit, and was instead seized by Xide. He raised his head and told the horsemen, "It is not my fault in battle—this is Heaven! Report to the generals and soldiers: better to lose the commander than lose the city." Soldiers heard and wept; day and night they strictly manned the city, and the rebels ultimately could not take it. Qianli reached the Eastern Capital; An Qingxu lodged him and falsely appointed him specially advanced, imprisoning him in the Guest Bureau. When Qingxu was defeated and fled, Yan Zhuang killed him.
71
其年十二月，上御丹鳳樓大赦，節文曰：「忠臣事君，有死無貳； 烈士徇義，雖歿如存。 其李憕、盧奕、袁履謙、張巡、許遠、張介然、蔣清、龐堅等，即與追贈，訪其子孫，厚其官爵，家口深加優恤。」 自是赦恩，無不該於節義，而程千里終以生執賊庭，不霑褒贈。
That year in the twelfth month the emperor faced Danfeng Tower for a great amnesty; the text said: "Loyal ministers serve their lord—there is death but no disloyalty; martyr-scholars follow righteousness—though perished, as if alive. Li Cheng, Lu Yi, Yuan Lüqian, Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, Zhang Jieran, Jiang Qing, Pang Jian, and the others shall at once receive posthumous enfeoffment; their descendants shall be sought out, offices and ranks enriched, and households deeply favored and comforted." From then on amnesty grace never failed to cover those of integrity, yet Cheng Qianli ultimately because he was captured alive in the rebel court received no enfeoffment or reward.
72
袁光庭
Yuan Guangting
73
袁光庭者，河西戍將，天寶末為伊州刺史。 祿山之亂，西北邊戎兵入赴難，河、隴郡邑，皆為吐蕃所拔。 唯光庭守伊州累年，外救不至。 虜百端誘說，終不之屈，部下如一。 及矢石既盡，糧儲並竭，城將陷沒，光庭手殺其妻子，自焚而死。 朝廷聞之，贈工部尚書。
Yuan Guangting was a garrison general of Hexi; at the end of Tianbao he was prefect of Yizhou. In Lushan's disorder northwestern border troops entered to aid the crisis; commanderies of He and Long were all captured by Tibet. Only Guangting held Yizhou for years; outside relief did not come. The enemy used every means to entice and persuade, yet he never yielded; subordinates were as one. When arrows and stones were exhausted and grain stores depleted, as the city was about to fall Guangting personally killed his wife and children and burned himself to death. The court heard and posthumously enfeoffed him as minister of works.
74
邵真
Shao Zhen
75
邵真者，恆州節度使李寶臣之判官也。 累加檢校司封郎中、兼御史中丞，專掌文翰，寶臣深所信任。 寶臣死，其子惟嶽擅領父眾。 李正己、田悅遣人說惟嶽同叛，真泣諫曰：「先公位兼將相，受國厚恩，大夫缞绖之中，遽欲違命，同鄰道之惡，違先公之志，必不可也！ 田悅與我密邇，絕之又恐速禍； 正己稍遠，絕之易耳。 但令悅使還報，請徐思其宜； 執正己使送京師，因請致討，朝廷必嘉大夫之忠，而旌節可得。」 惟嶽然之，令真草奏。 將發，孔目吏胡震謂惟嶽曰：「此事非細，請與將吏會議。」 長史畢華曰：「先公與二道親好，二十餘年，一朝背之，伏恐生事。 今執其來使，送於京師，大善。 脫未為朝廷所信，正己兵強，忽來襲城，孤軍無援，何以敵之？ 不若仍舊勿絕，徐觀其變。」 惟嶽又從之。 真又勸惟嶽遣其弟惟簡入朝，仍遣軍吏薛廣嗣詣河東節度馬燧軍求保薦。 田悅屯兵束鹿，聞其謀，遣人謂惟嶽曰：「邵真惑亂軍政，必速殺之。 不然，吾且討其罪矣。」 惟嶽懼，遂殺真。 朝廷聞而嘉之，贈戶部尚書。
Shao Zhen was case officer to Hengzhou Military Commissioner Li Baochen. Cumulatively promoted to acting director in the Ministry of Appointments and concurrently surveillance censor, he exclusively managed documents and was deeply trusted by Baochen. When Baochen died his son Weiyue usurped command of his father's forces. Li Zhengyi and Tian Yue sent men to persuade Weiyue to rebel together; Zhen wept and remonstrated, "Our lord held both general and minister rank and received the state's thick grace; the young master, in the midst of mourning garments, suddenly wishes to disobey orders and join the wickedness of neighboring circuits—going against our lord's will—this absolutely cannot be done! Tian Yue is close to us; to break with him I fear swift disaster; Zhengyi is somewhat distant—breaking with him is easier. Only let Yue's envoy return report and ask to consider the matter slowly; seize Zhengyi's envoy and send him to the capital, then request punitive action—the court will surely praise the young master's loyalty and the command baton may be obtained." Weiyue agreed and ordered Zhen to draft the memorial. As it was about to be sent, clerical officer Hu Zhen said to Weiyue, "This matter is not minor—please discuss with generals and officials." Chief administrator Bi Hua said, "Our lord was on intimate terms with the two circuits for more than twenty years; to turn against them in a morning—I fear trouble will arise. Now to seize their coming envoy and send him to the capital is very good. If the court does not yet trust us and Zhengyi's troops are strong, suddenly coming to raid the city—a lone army without relief—how can we resist? Better to continue as before without breaking off, and slowly watch for change." Weiyue again followed this. Zhen again urged Weiyue to send his younger brother Weijian to court and also send army officer Xue Guangsi to Hedong Military Commissioner Ma Sui's army to seek protection and recommendation. Tian Yue stationed troops at Shulu; hearing of the plot he sent men to tell Weiyue, "Shao Zhen is disturbing military government—you must quickly kill him. Otherwise I shall punish his crime." Weiyue feared and then killed Zhen. The court heard and praised him, posthumously enfeoffing Zhen as minister of revenue.
76
符璘
Fu Lin
77
符璘者，田悅之將。 初，馬燧、李抱真、李芃等破田悅於洹水，燧等進屯魏州。 時悅與李納會於濮陽，因請助兵，納分麾下數千人隨之。 至是納為河南諸軍所逼，自濮陽奔歸濮州，征兵於悅，悅遣璘將三百騎護送之。 納兵既歸，遂悉其眾降於燧。 遷璘試太子詹事、兼御史中丞，封義陽郡王，實封一百戶。
Fu Lin was a general of Tian Yue. At first Ma Sui, Li Baozhen, and Li Qi and others defeated Tian Yue at Huan River; Sui and the others advanced and encamped at Weizhou. At that time Yue and Li Na met at Puyang and requested aid troops; Na divided several thousand men from his command to follow. Now Na was pressed by the armies of Henan, fled from Puyang back to Puzhou, and demanded troops from Yue; Yue sent Lin with three hundred horsemen to escort them. Once Na's troops returned they all with their forces submitted to Sui. Lin was transferred to acting mentor of the Heir Apparent and concurrently surveillance censor, enfeoffed as Prince of Yiyang with a substantive fief of one hundred households.
78
璘父令奇，初為悅部將，至是因璘之出，遂令三子同降於燧。 悅怒，執令奇，令奇大呼慢罵之，悅族其家。 贈令奇戶部尚書。
Lin's father Lingqi had originally been Yue's subordinate general; now because of Lin's departure he ordered his three sons to submit together to Sui. Yue was enraged, seized Lingqi; Lingqi shouted and reviled him, and Yue exterminated his family. Lingqi was posthumously enfeoffed as minister of revenue.
79
趙曄
Zhao Ye
80
趙曄，字雲卿，鄧州穰人，其先自天水徙焉。 貞觀中，主客員外郎德言曾孫也。 父敬先，殿中侍御史。
Zhao Ye, styled Yunqing, was a native of Rang in Dengzhou; his ancestors had moved there from Tianshui. In the Zhenguan era he was great-grandson of Director of Guests Dezhi. His father Jingxian was attendant censor.
81
曄志學，善屬文。 開元中，舉進士，連擢科第，補太子正字，累授大理評事，貶北陽尉，移雷澤、河東二丞。 河東采訪使韋陟以曄履操清直，頗推敬之，表為賓僚。 陟罷，陳留采訪使郭納復奏曄為支使。 及安祿山陷陳留，因沒於賊。 時有京兆韋氏，夫任畿官，以不供賊軍遇害，韋被逆賊沒入為婢。 江西觀察使韋儇，族兄弟也。 曄哀其冤抑，以錢贖之，俾其妻置之別院，厚供衣食，而曄竟不面其人。 明年，收復東都，曄以家財資給，而訪其親屬歸之，識者咸重焉。
Ye aspired to learning and was skilled at composition. In the Kaiyuan era he passed the jinshi, continuously rose in examination rank, was appointed proofreader of the Heir Apparent, cumulatively received the post of reviewer in the Court of Judicial Review, was demoted to vice magistrate of Beiyang, and transferred to vice magistrate of Leize and Hedong. Hedong Investigation Commissioner Wei Zhi, because Ye's conduct was pure and upright, greatly respected him and memorialized him as staff member. When Zhi left office, Chenliu Investigation Commissioner Guo Na again memorialized Ye as branch officer. When An Lushan captured Chenliu he was thereby lost to the rebels. At that time there was a woman of the Wei clan of Jingzhao; her husband held a capital-district office and was killed for not supplying the rebel army; Wei was seized by the rebels and made a servant girl. Jiangxi Observation Commissioner Wei Yi was a clansman. Ye pitied her wrongful oppression, redeemed her with money, had her wife place her in a separate courtyard with generous food and clothing—and Ye never once faced her in person. The next year the Eastern Capital was recovered; Ye used family wealth to support her and sought her kin to return her—those who knew all respected this.
82
乾元初，三司議罪，貶晉江尉。 數年，改錄事參軍。 征拜左補闕，未至。 福建觀察使李承昭奏為判官，授試大理司直、兼監察御史。 試司議郎、兼殿中侍御史。 入為膳部、比部二員外，膳部、倉部二郎中，秘書少監。
In the early Qianyuan era the Three Offices deliberated crimes and demoted him to vice magistrate of Jinjiang. After several years he was changed to recording secretary. He was summoned as Left Remonstrance Official but did not arrive. Fujian Observation Commissioner Li Chengzhao memorialized him as case officer, appointing him acting chief judge in the Court of Judicial Review and concurrently surveillance censor. Acting director in the Court of Advisory Opinion and concurrently attendant censor. He entered court as director in the Ministries of Provisions and Revenue, director in the Ministries of Provisions and Granaries, and vice director of the Secretariat.
83
曄性孝悌，敦重交友，雖經艱危，不改其操。 少時與殷寅、顏真卿、柳芳、陸據、蕭穎士、李華、邵軫、同志友善，故天寶中語曰：「殷、顏、柳、陸、蕭、李、邵、趙」，以其重行義，敦交道也。 而曄早擅高名，在宦途五十年，累經貶謫，蹇躓備至。 入仕三十年，方霑省官，身在郎署，子常徒步。 官既散曹，俸祿單寡，衣食不充，以至亡歿，服名檢者為之嘆息。 建中四年冬，涇原兵叛，曄竄於山谷。 尋以疾終，追贈華州刺史。
Ye was by nature filial and brotherly, earnest in honoring friendship; though he passed through hardship he did not change his conduct. In youth he was close friends with Yin Yin, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Fang, Lu Ju, Xiao Yingshi, Li Hua, and Shao Zhen; thus in the Tianbao era people said, "Yin, Yan, Liu, Lu, Xiao, Li, Shao, Zhao"—for they valued conduct and were earnest in friendship. Yet Ye early won high fame; on the official path for fifty years he was repeatedly demoted, stumbling to the full. Thirty years in office before he touched a central-office post; though in director rank his son often went on foot. His office was a scattered bureau, salary meager, food and clothing insufficient—until death; those who esteem reputation sighed for him. In the winter of the fourth year of Jianzhong the Jingyuan troops rebelled; Ye hid in mountain valleys. Soon he died of illness and was posthumously enfeoffed as prefect of Huazhou.
84
子宗儒，別有傳。
His son Zongru has a separate biography.
85
石演芬
Shi Yanfen
86
石演芬，本西城胡人也。 以武勇為朔方邠寧節度兵馬使、兼御史大夫。 李懷光養為子，累至右武鋒都將。 時懷光軍屯三橋，將與硃泚通謀。 演芬乃使門客郜成義密疏，具言懷光無狀，請罷其總統。 成義至奉天，乃反以其言告懷光子琟，琟密告其父。 懷光乃召演芬責之曰：「以爾為子，奈何欲破我家！ 今死可乎？」 演芬對曰：「天子以公為腹心，公上負天子，安可責演芬！ 且演芬胡人，不解異心，欲守事一人，幸免呼為賊。 死，常分也！」 懷光使左右臠食之，皆曰：「此忠烈士也！ 可令速死。」 乃以刀斷其頸。 德宗追思義烈，贈兵部尚書，仍賜錢三百千。 又捕得郜成義於朔方，戮之。
Shi Yanfen was originally a Hu man of the Western Regions. For martial valor he was military horse commissioner of the Shuofang Binning commission and concurrently censor-in-chief. Li Huaiguang adopted him as son; he rose to commander of the Right Martial Vanguard. At that time Huaiguang's army was encamped at Sanqiao and was about to conspire with Zhu Ci. Yanfen then had his retainer Gao Chengyi secretly memorialize, fully stating Huaiguang's misconduct and requesting removal from overall command. Chengyi reached Fengtian and instead reported his words to Huaiguang's son Wei; Wei secretly told his father. Huaiguang then summoned Yanfen and rebuked him: "I took you as son—how dare you wish to destroy my house! Now will you die?" Yanfen replied, "The Son of Heaven took you as his trusted core—you betray the Son of Heaven; how can you blame Yanfen! Moreover Yanfen is a Hu man and does not understand divided loyalty; he wishes to serve one man alone and by luck escape being called a rebel. Death is one's portion!" Huaiguang ordered attendants to cut him to pieces; all said, "This is a loyal martyr! Let him die quickly." They then severed his neck with a blade. Emperor Dezong recalled his righteous valor and posthumously enfeoffed him as minister of war, further granting three hundred thousand in cash. Gao Chengyi was also captured in Shuofang and executed.
87
附張名振
Attached: Zhang Mingzhen
88
先是，詔賜懷光鐵券。 懷光奉詔倨慢，左都將張名振大呼軍門曰：「太尉見賊不擊，天使到不迎，固將反耶！ 且安史兩賊，僕固懷恩，今皆族滅，公欲何為？ 是資忠義之士立功勛耳！」 懷光聞之，召謂曰：「我不反，為賊強盛，須蓄銳俟時耳。」 無幾，懷光引軍入咸陽，名振曰：「公乃言不反，今此來何也？ 何不急攻硃泚，收復京城，以圖富貴？」 懷光曰：「名振病狂。」 使左右殺之。
Earlier an edict had bestowed an iron tally on Huaiguang. Huaiguang received the edict arrogantly and disrespectfully; Left Commander Zhang Mingzhen shouted at the army gate, "The Grand Marshal sees rebels and does not strike; when the imperial envoy arrives he does not welcome—surely he intends to rebel! Moreover the two villains An and Shi, and Pugu Huairen—now all their clans are exterminated; what do you intend? This only supplies righteous and loyal men to achieve merit and honor!" Huaiguang heard and summoned him, saying, "I do not rebel; the rebels are too strong—I must store sharpness and await the time." Before long Huaiguang led his army into Xianyang; Mingzhen said, "You said you would not rebel—what is this coming for? Why not hurry to attack Zhu Ci, recover the capital, and seek wealth and honor?" Huaiguang said, "Mingzhen is mad with illness." He ordered attendants to kill him.
89
張伾
Zhang Pi
90
張伾，建中初，以澤潞將鎮臨洺。 田悅攻之，伾度兵力不能出戰，嚴設守備，嬰城拒守，賊不能拔。 累月，攻之益急，士多死傷，糧儲漸乏，救兵未至。 伾知事不濟，無以激士心，乃悉召將卒於軍門，命其女出拜之，謂曰：「將士辛苦守戰，伾之家無尺寸物與公等，獨有此女，幸未嫁人，願出賣之，為將士一日之費。」 眾皆大哭，曰：「誓為將軍死戰，幸無慮也！」 會馬燧與太原之師至，與眾合擊悅於城下，大敗之。 伾乘勢出戰，士卒無不一當百。 圍解，以功遷泗州刺史。 在州十餘年，拜右金吾衛大將軍。 詔未至，病卒。 貞元二十一年，贈尚書右僕射。
Zhang Pi, in the early Jianzhong era, as a Ze-Lu general garrisoned Linzhang. Tian Yue attacked; Pi judged his strength insufficient to sortie, strictly set defenses, held the city and refused surrender—the rebels could not take it. Month after month the attack grew fiercer; many soldiers died or were wounded, stores gradually failed, and relief troops did not come. Pi knew affairs would not succeed and had no way to stir soldiers' hearts; he then summoned all generals and soldiers at the army gate, ordered his daughter to come out and bow to them, and said, "Generals and soldiers labor in defense; Pi's house has not a foot of goods to give you—only this daughter, fortunately not yet married—I wish to sell her for one day's expense for the generals and soldiers." The multitude all wept loudly and said, "We swear to die fighting for the general—have no worry!" Just then Ma Sui and the Taiyuan army arrived and with the multitude jointly struck Yue below the city, inflicting great defeat. Pi seized the momentum and sortied; soldiers were each as one against a hundred. The siege was lifted; for merit he was transferred to prefect of Si. After more than ten years in the prefecture he was appointed general of the Right Golden Guard. The edict had not arrived when he died of illness. In the twenty-first year of Zhenyuan he was posthumously enfeoffed as vice director of the Secretariat.
91
有子重政，軍吏欲立為郡將，重政母徐氏固拒不從。 詔曰：「前昭義軍泗州行營衙前兵馬使、大中大夫、試太子賓客、兼監察御史張重政，門有勛力，惟推義勇。 夙聞克家之美，常稱撫眾之才。 近者其父初亡，群小扇惑，誘以奇計，俾執軍麾。 而重政與其母兄，號泣固拒，遂全懇願，奔告元戎，不為利回，成其先志。 於家為孝子，在國為忠臣，軍政乂安，行義昭著。 念茲名節，感嘆良深，宜洽恩榮，俾弘激勸。 禮無避於金革，理當由於權奪，戎章憲府，式示兼崇。 可起復雲麾將軍，守金吾衛大將軍、員外置同正員，檢校太子詹事、兼御史中丞，仍委淮南節度使與要職事任使。」
He had a son Chongzheng; army officers wished to install him as commandery general, but Chongzheng's mother Lady Xu firmly refused. An edict said: "Former Zhaoyi Army Sizhou field headquarters front military horse commissioner, grand master of the court, acting mentor of the Heir Apparent and concurrently surveillance censor Zhang Chongzheng—his house has military merit and esteems only righteous courage. Long heard of the beauty of managing a household, constantly praised talent for comforting the multitude. Recently when his father first died, petty men incited and tempted with strange schemes to grasp the military baton. Yet Chongzheng with his mother and elder brother wept and firmly refused, thus preserving earnest wish, ran to report the chief commander, not turned by profit, completing his father's will. Filial son in the family, loyal minister in the state—military government peaceful, conduct and righteousness illustrious. Considering this reputation and integrity, deeply moved with admiration—favor and glory should be extended to broaden encouragement. Rites do not avoid metal and leather; principle should follow expedient seizure of mourning—military insignia and censorate office together show combined honor. He may rise from mourning as general of the Cloud Banner Guard, hold the post of general of the Golden Guard, supernumerary equal to regular, acting mentor of the Heir Apparent and concurrently surveillance censor, and still be entrusted by the Huainan military commissioner with important duties as he sees fit."
92
又詔曰：「張重政母高平郡夫人徐氏，族茂姻閥，行表柔明，懷正家之美，有擇鄰之識。 頃當變故，曾不詭隨，保其門宗，訓成忠孝，雖圖史所載，何以加之！ 念其令子，已申獎用，特彰母儀之德，俾崇封國之榮。 可封魯國太夫人。」
Another edict said: "Zhang Chongzheng's mother, Lady of Gaoping Commandery Xu—clan flourishing in marriage alliances, conduct showing gentle clarity, cherishing the beauty of rectifying the household, with wisdom to choose neighbors. Facing recent change she never wavered in crooked compliance, preserved her house and lineage, trained loyalty and filial piety—though recorded in histories and annals, what could add to this! Considering her worthy son, already rewarded in appointment—specially displaying maternal virtue, granting ennoblement of the state's honor. She may be enfeoffed as Grand Lady of Lu."
93
甄濟
Zhen Ji
94
甄濟，字孟成，中山無極人，家於衛州。 少孤，天寶中隱居衛州青巖山。 人伏其操行，約不畋漁。 采訪使安祿山表薦之，授試大理評事，充范陽郡節度掌記。
Zhen Ji, styled Mengcheng, was a native of Wuji in Zhongshan, residing in Weizhou. Orphaned young, in the Tianbao era he lived in seclusion on Mount Qingyan in Weizhou. People admired his conduct; he pledged not to hunt or fish. Investigation Commissioner An Lushan memorialized recommending him, appointing him acting reviewer in the Court of Judicial Review and secretary of the Fanyang Commandery military commission.
95
天寶末，安祿山有異志，謀以智免。 衛縣令齊玘誠信可託，乃求使至衛，具以誠告。 弟憕密求羊血以為備，至夜，偽嘔血疾不能支，遂舁歸。 及祿山反，使偽節度使蔡希德領行戮者李掞等二人，封刀來召，察濟詐不起，即就戮之。 濟以左手書云：「去不得！」 李掞持刀而前，濟引首以待，希德歔欷嗟嘆之，曰：「李掞退。」 以實病報祿山。 後安慶緒亦使人至縣，強舁至東都安國觀。 經月餘，代宗收東京。 濟起，詣軍門上謁，乃送上都。 肅宗館之於三司使，令受偽命官瞻望，以愧其心。 授秘書郎，轉太子舍人。 寶應初，拜刑部員外郎。 魏少遊奏授著作郎、兼侍御史，終於襄州。
At the end of Tianbao An Lushan had rebellious intent; Ji planned to escape by wisdom. Wei County Magistrate Qi Chi was trustworthy; he sought assignment to Wei and fully told him in sincerity. His younger brother Cheng secretly obtained sheep's blood as preparation; at night he feigned vomiting blood, illness unbearable, and was carried home. When Lushan rebelled he sent the false military commissioner Cai Xide leading executioner Li Shan and another man, sealing a blade to summon him; seeing Ji's pretense of inability to rise, they immediately executed him. Ji wrote with his left hand: "Cannot go!" Li Shan advanced with blade; Ji offered his neck and waited; Xide sighed and lamented and said, "Li Shan, withdraw." He reported genuine illness to Lushan. Later An Qingxu also sent men to the county, forcibly carrying him to Anguo Temple in the Eastern Capital. After more than a month Emperor Daizong recovered the Eastern Capital. Ji rose, went to the army gate to present himself, and was sent up to the capital. Emperor Suzong lodged him at the Three Offices commissioner, ordering those who had accepted false appointments to look upon him and shame their hearts. He was appointed secretary; transferred to secretary to the Heir Apparent. In the early Baoying era he was appointed vice director in the Ministry of Punishments. Wei Shaoyou memorialized appointing him compiler and concurrently attendant censor; he died at Xiangzhou.
96
元和中，襄州節度使袁滋奏其節行，詔曰：「符風樹節，謂之立名； 歿加褒贈，所以誘善。 故朝散大夫、秘書省著作郎、兼侍御史甄濟，早以文雅，見稱於時。 嘗因辟召，亦佐戎府。 而能保堅貞之正性，不履危機； 睹逆亂之潛萌，不從脅汙。 義聲可傳於竹帛，顯贈未賁於松楸。 籓方所陳，允葉彜典，追加命秩，以獎忠魂。 可贈秘書少監。」
In the Yuanhe era Xiangzhou Military Commissioner Yuan Zi memorialized his integrity; an edict said: "Upholding wind and establishing integrity is called making a name; after death adding enfeoffment is to entice goodness. The late Court Gentleman for Miscellaneous Uses, Compiler of the Secretariat and concurrently Attendant Censor Zhen Ji, early for literary elegance was praised in his time. Having once accepted recruitment he also assisted a military staff; yet he could preserve steadfast upright nature and not tread perilous opportunity; seeing rebellion's hidden sprouting he did not follow coercion and defilement. Righteous fame can be transmitted on bamboo and silk; illustrious posthumous reward was not yet bestowed on pine and oak. What the frontier memorialized accords with canonical law; additional rank is granted to reward the loyal soul. He may be posthumously enfeoffed as vice director of the Secretariat."
97
劉敦儒
Liu Dunru
98
劉敦儒，開元朝史官左散騎常侍子玄之孫。 敦儒母有心疾，非日鞭人不安，子弟僕使，不勝其苦，皆逃遁他處，唯敦儒侍養不息，體常流血。 及母亡，居喪毀瘠骨立，洛中謂之劉孝子。
Liu Dunru was grandson of Zixuan, Left Regular Attendant and historiographer of the Kaiyuan court. Dunru's mother had a heart ailment and was uneasy unless she whipped people daily; sons, servants, and attendants could not bear the suffering and all fled elsewhere—only Dunru attended without cease, his body often bleeding. When his mother died he dwelt in mourning, wasted to bones standing; Luoyang called him Filial Son Liu.
99
元和中，東都留守權德輿具奏其至行，詔曰：「孝子劉敦儒，生於儒門，稟此至性。 王祥篤行，起孝敬而不移； 曾參養志，積歲年而罔怠。 用弘勸獎，而服官常，分曹洛師，俾遂私志。 可左龍武軍兵曹參軍，分司東都。」
In the Yuanhe era Eastern Capital Resident Guardian Quan Deyu fully memorialized his utmost conduct; an edict said: "Filial son Liu Dunru, born in a Confucian house, endowed with this utmost nature. Wang Xiang's earnest conduct, arising in filial respect and not shifting; Zeng Shen nourishing his father's will, accumulating years without slackening. To extend encouragement and reward while holding regular office, assigned to Luoyang in a scattered bureau, allowing private wish to be fulfilled. He may be Left Dragon Martial Army military affairs adjutant, assigned to Eastern Capital."
100
高沐
Gao Mu
101
高沐，渤海人。 父憑，從事於宣武軍，知曹州事。 李靈曜作亂，憑密遣使奏賊中事狀，詔除曹州刺史。 無何，李正己盜有曹、濮，憑遂陷於賊，數年卒。
Gao Mu was a man of Bohai. His father Ping served on the staff of the Xuanwu army and managed affairs of Caozhou. When Li Lingyao rebelled, Ping secretly sent envoys to memorialize conditions in the rebel camp; an edict appointed him prefect of Cao. Before long Li Zhengyi seized Cao and Pu; Ping then fell to the rebels and died after several years.
102
沐，貞元中進士及第。 以家族在鄆，李師古置為判官。 居數年，師道擅襲，每謀不順，沐與同列郭昈、李公度等，必廣引古今成敗諭之，前後說師道為善者凡千言。 其判官李文會、孔目官林英，皆為師道信用，乘間相與涕泣於師道前曰：「文會等血誠憂尚書家事，反為高沐輩所嫉。 尚書奈何不惜十二州之城，成高沐等百代之名乎！」 復日夜讒構，由是漸見疑忌，令沐知萊州事。 林英因奏事至京，逼邸吏密報師道云：「高沐潛有誠款至朝廷矣！」 師道大怒，李文會從而構成之。 沐遂遇害於遷所，而囚郭昈於萊州，其血屬皆徙遠地。
Mu passed the jinshi in the Zhenyuan era. Because his clan was at Yan, Li Shigu appointed him case officer. After several years Shidao usurped succession; whenever he plotted disobedience, Mu with colleagues Guo Guang and Li Gongdu and others would widely cite success and failure from past and present to instruct him—for goodness they admonished Shidao in all more than a thousand words. His case officers Li Wenhui and clerical officer Lin Ying were all trusted by Shidao; seizing the moment they together wept before Shidao and said, "Wenhui and the others in bloody sincerity worry over the minister's household affairs, yet are envied by Gao Mu and his ilk. Minister, how can you not spare the twelve prefectures' cities to complete Gao Mu and others' fame for a hundred generations!" Again day and night they slandered and framed; thereby he was gradually suspected and ordered to manage Laizhou affairs. Lin Ying because of reporting affairs reached the capital and forced relay-station clerks to secretly report to Shidao, "Gao Mu secretly has sincere loyalty reaching the court!" Shidao was greatly enraged; Li Wenhui followed by framing the matter. Mu then suffered harm at his place of transfer; Guo Guang was imprisoned at Laizhou and all blood kin were exiled to distant lands.
103
及淮西平，師道漸懼。 李公度與其將李英曇乘其懼也，說師道獻三州及入質長子。 初，甚然之，中悔，將殺公度。 賈直言聞之，謂師道用事奴曰：「今大禍將至，豈非高沐冤氣所為！ 又殺公度，是益其疾也！」 乃止。 逐英曇於萊州。 未至，縊殺之。 又有崔承寵、楊偕、陳佑、崔清，皆以仗順為賊所惡，李文會呼為高沐之黨。 沐遇害，承寵等同被囚放。 郭昈名亞於沐，雖不死，備嘗困辱矣。 及劉悟平賊，遽召李公度，執手歔欷。 既除滑州節度，首辟昈及公度為從事。
When Huaixi was pacified Shidao gradually feared. Li Gongdu and his general Li Yingtan seized his fear and persuaded Shidao to offer three prefectures and send his eldest son as hostage. At first he greatly agreed; midway he regretted and was about to kill Gongdu. Jia Zhiyan heard and told Shidao's powerful slave, "Great disaster is about to arrive—is it not done by Gao Mu's wronged spirit! To kill Gongdu again only worsens the illness!" He then stopped. Yingtan was exiled to Laizhou. Before arriving he was strangled to death. There were also Cui Chengzong, Yang Xie, Chen You, and Cui Qing—all because they upheld obedience were hated by rebels; Li Wenhui called them Gao Mu's faction. When Mu suffered harm, Chengzong and the others were likewise imprisoned and released. Guo Guang's fame was second to Mu's; though he did not die he fully tasted hardship and humiliation. When Liu Wu pacified the rebels he swiftly summoned Li Gongdu and grasped his hand, sighing. Once appointed Huazhou military commissioner he first recruited Guang and Gongdu as staff members.
104
元和十四年四月，詔曰：
In the fourth month of the fourteenth year of Yuanhe an edict said:
105
圖難忘死，為臣之峻節； 顯忠旌善，有國之令猷。 日者妖豎反覆，侮我朝章，而濮州刺史高沐，劫在兇威，潛輸忠款。 諷其不庭之咎，將冀革心； 數其煮海之饒，聿求利國。 伏奏必陳於逆節，漏師常破其陰謀。 竟以盜憎，遂死王事，歿而不朽，風聲凜然。 式表漏泉之澤，且彰勁草之節。 可贈吏部尚書。 仍委馬總訪其遺骸，以禮收葬，優恤其家。 若有子孫，具名聞奏。
Facing difficulty and forgetting death is a minister's stern integrity; displaying loyalty and signaling goodness is a state's fine plan. Recently the wicked villain reversed and repeated, insulting our court statutes; yet Puzhou Prefect Gao Mu, seized in villainous might, secretly conveyed loyal sincerity. Admonishing his fault of insubordination, he hoped to reform the heart; counting the riches of boiling sea, he sought benefit for the state. Secret memorials always stated rebellious conduct; leaking plans he often broke hidden conspiracies. Ultimately because robbers hated him he died in royal service—perished yet not decayed, reputation stern and clear. Thus showing the favor of the leaking spring and displaying the integrity of firm grass. He may be posthumously enfeoffed as minister of personnel. Still entrust Ma Zong to seek his remains, bury them with rites, and generously comfort his family. If there are descendants, report their names in full.
106
賈直言
Jia Zhiyan
107
賈直言者，父道沖，以伎術得罪，貶之，賜鴆於路。 直言偽令其父拜四方，辭上下神祗，伺使者視稍怠，即取其鴆以飲，遂迷仆而死。 明日鴆泄於足而復蘇。 代宗聞之，減父死，直言亦自此病蹙。 後從事於李師道。 師道不恭朝命，直言冒刃說者二，輿櫬說者一。 師道訖不從。 及劉悟斬師道，節制鄭滑，得直言於禁錮之間，又嘉其所為，因奏置幕中。 後遷於潞，亦與之俱行。 悟纖微乖失，直言必盡理箴規，以是美譽日聞於朝。 穆宗以諫議大夫征之，悟拜章乞留，復授檢校右庶子、兼御史大夫，依前充昭義軍行軍司馬。 悟用其言，終身不虧臣節。 後歷太子賓客。 太和九年三月卒，廢朝一日，贈工部尚書。
Jia Zhiyan—his father Daochong, because of skill in arts offended, was demoted and given poison on the road. Zhiyan falsely ordered his father to bow to the four directions, bidding farewell to spirits above and below; when the envoy's gaze slackened slightly he took the poison and drank it, then fell insensible as if dead. The next day the poison passed from his feet and he revived. Emperor Daizong heard and reduced his father's death; from this Zhiyan also had a limping illness. Later he served on Li Shidao's staff. Shidao was disrespectful of court orders; Zhiyan braved blades to admonish twice and once admonished bearing his coffin. Shidao to the end did not follow. When Liu Wu beheaded Shidao and governed Zheng and Hua he obtained Zhiyan from imprisonment and also praised his conduct, memorializing to place him on staff. Later transferred to Lu, he went together with him. Whenever Wu had the slightest fault Zhiyan always fully reasoned and admonished; thereby good reputation daily reached court. Emperor Muzong summoned him as remonstrance official; Wu submitted a memorial begging to retain him, again appointing him acting right vice mentor and concurrently censor-in-chief, continuing as Zhaoyi army acting marshal. Wu used his words and to the end did not fail ministerial integrity. Later he served as mentor of the Heir Apparent. In the third month of the ninth year of Taihe he died; court was suspended one day and he was posthumously enfeoffed as minister of works.
108
庾敬休
Yu Jingxiu
109
庾敬休，字順之，其先南陽新野人。 祖光烈，與仲弟光先，祿山迫以偽官，皆潛伏奔竄。 光烈為大理少卿，光先為吏部侍郎。 父河，當賊泚盜據宮闕，與季弟倬逃竄山谷。 河終兵部郎中。
Yu Jingxiu, styled Shunzhi, was originally a native of Xinye in Nanyang. His grandfather Guanglie, with his second younger brother Guangxian, when Lushan forced them into false office both hid and fled. Guanglie was vice director of the Court of Judicial Review; Guangxian was vice director of the Ministry of Personnel. His father He, when rebel Zhu Ci seized the palace, fled with his youngest younger brother Zhuo to mountain valleys. He finally served as director in the Ministry of War.
110
敬休舉進士，以宏詞登科，授秘書省校書郎，從事宣州。 旋授渭南尉、集賢校理。 遷右拾遺、集賢學士。 歷右補闕，稱職，轉起居舍人，俄遷禮部員外郎。 入為翰林學士，遷禮部郎中，罷職歸官。 又遷兵部郎中、知制誥。 丁憂，服闋，改工部侍郎，權知吏部選事，遷吏部侍郎。
Jingxiu passed the jinshi and entered by macro-phrase examination, appointed proofreader of the Secretariat, serving Xu Prefecture. Soon appointed vice magistrate of Weinan and collator of the Hall of Assembled Worthies. Transferred to Right Remonstrance Official and academician of the Hall of Assembled Worthies. He served in succession as Right Remonstrance Official, performed duties well, transferred to recorder of conduct, soon transferred to vice director in the Ministry of Rites. He entered as Hanlin academician, transferred to director in the Ministry of Rites, left office and returned to his post. Again transferred to director in the Ministry of War and drafter of edicts. When mourning ended after his father's death and service was complete, he was changed to vice director of the Ministry of Works, acting director of personnel selection, transferred to vice director of the Ministry of Personnel.
111
上將立魯王為太子，慎選師傅，改工部侍郎，兼魯王傅。 奏：「劍南西川、山南西道每年稅茶及除陌錢，舊例委度支巡院勾當，榷稅當司於上都召商人便換。 太和元年，戶部侍郎崔元略與西川節度使商量，取其穩便，遂奏請茶稅事使司自勾當，每年出錢四萬貫送省。 近年已來，不依元奏，三道諸色錢物，州府逗留，多不送省。 請取江西例，於歸州置巡院一所，自勾當收管諸色錢物送省，所冀免有逋懸。 欲令巡官李濆專往與德裕、遵古商量制置，續具奏聞。」 從之。 又奏：「兩川米價騰踴，百姓流亡。 請糶兩川闕官職田祿米，以救貧人。」 從之。 再為尚書左丞。 太和九年三月，卒於家。
The emperor was about to establish the Prince of Lu as Heir Apparent; tutors were carefully chosen and he was changed to vice director of the Ministry of Works and concurrently tutor to the Prince of Lu. He memorialized: "Jiannan West Circuit and Shannan West Circuit each year tax tea and removal-money; by old precedent the disbursement commissioner's touring office handled it, and the monopoly tax office at the capital summoned merchants for convenient exchange. In the first year of Taihe Vice Minister of Revenue Cui Yuanlue with the West Circuit military commissioner discussed and took what was stable, then memorialized that tea tax affairs should be handled by the circuit office itself, each year sending forty thousand strings to the central government. In recent years they have not followed the original memorial; the three circuits' various monies and goods have been detained by prefectures and not sent to the center. I request following the Jiangxi precedent, establishing one touring office at Guizhou to handle and collect all monies and goods and send them to the center, hoping to avoid arrears. I wish to send touring official Li Fen specially to discuss arrangements with Deyu and Zungu and then report fully in a memorial." The court approved. He again memorialized: "In the two circuits rice prices soar and common people flee. I request selling vacant official salary-field rice of the two circuits to aid the poor." The court approved. He again became Left Vice Director of the Secretariat. In the third month of the ninth year of Taihe he died at home.
112
敬休姿容溫雅，襟抱夷曠，不飲酒茹葷，不邇聲色。 著《諭善錄》七卷。 贈吏部尚書。
Jingxiu's bearing was warm and elegant, his mind broad and untroubled; he did not drink wine, eat meat, or approach music and women. He authored Exhortations to Goodness in seven scrolls. He was posthumously enfeoffed as minister of personnel.
113
辛讜
Xin Tan
114
辛讜，故太原尹雲京之孫，壽州刺史晦之猶子也。 性慷慨，重然諾，專務賑人之急。 年五十，不求茍進，有濟時匡難之志。
Xin Tan was grandson of Yunjing, former metropolitan magistrate of Taiyuan, and nephew of Hui, prefect of Shouzhou. By nature generous, he valued promises and specially devoted himself to relieving others' emergencies. At fifty he did not seek advancement by compromise; he had the will to aid the age and rescue difficulty.
115
咸通十年，龐勛亂徐泗。 時杜慆守泗州，賊以郡當江淮要害，極力攻之。 時兩淮郡縣皆陷。 慆守臨淮久之，援軍雖集，賊未解圍。 時讜寓居廣陵，乃仗劍拏小艇趨泗口，貫城柵入城見慆。 慆素聞有義而不相面，喜讜至，握手謝曰：「判官李延樞方話子為人，何遽至耶？ 吾無憂矣！」 時賊三面攻城，王師結壘於洪源驛。 相顧不前。 讜夜以小舟穿賊壘至洪源驛。 見監軍郭厚本，論泗州危急，且宜速救，厚本然之。 淮南都將王公弁謂厚本曰：「賊眾我寡，無宜輕舉，當俟可行。」 讜坐中拔劍瞋目謂公弁曰：「賊百道攻城，陷在旦夕。 公等奉詔赴援，而逗留不進，更欲何為？ 不唯有負國恩，丈夫氣義，亦宜感發！ 假如臨淮陷賊，淮南即是寇場，公何獨存耶！」 即欲揮刃向公弁，厚本持之。 讜望泗州大哭經日，帳下為之流涕。 厚本義其心，選勇士三百，隨讜入泗州。 夜半斬賊柵，大呼，由水門而入，賊軍大駭。 既知援兵入，賊乃退舍，人心遂固。
In the tenth year of Xiantong Pang Xun rebelled in Xu and Si. At that time Du Tao defended Sizhou; the rebels because the prefecture lay at the key point of the Jiang and Huai exerted extreme force attacking it. At that time the two Huai prefectures all fell. Tao held Linhuai for a long time; though relief armies gathered the rebels did not lift the siege. At that time Tan was lodging at Guangling; he then grasped sword, took a small boat, and hurried to Sizhou, piercing the city palisade to enter the city and see Tao. Tao had long heard of his righteousness but had never met him face to face; delighted at Tan's arrival he grasped his hand and thanked him: "Case officer Li Yanshu was just speaking of you—how did you come so swiftly? I have no worry!" At that time rebels attacked the city on three sides; imperial armies encamped at Hongyuan Station. They looked at each other and did not advance. Tan at night took a small boat through the rebel camp to Hongyuan Station. He saw Military Supervisor Guo Houben, discussed Sizhou's extreme peril, and that relief should be swift; Houben agreed. Huainan general Wang Gongbian told Houben, "Rebel forces are many, ours few—no light move should be made; we should wait until action is feasible." Tan in the gathering drew sword, glared, and told Gongbian, "The rebels attack the city on a hundred paths; capture is imminent. You all received orders to aid—yet linger without advancing; what more do you intend? Not only do you fail national grace—a man's righteous spirit should also be stirred! If Linhuai falls to rebels, Huainan becomes the bandits' battlefield—why do you alone preserve yourself!" He was about to swing the blade at Gongbian; Houben restrained him. Tan faced Sizhou and wept all day; those in the tent wept for him. Houben respected his heart and selected three hundred brave men to follow Tan into Sizhou. At midnight they cut the rebel palisade, shouted loudly, and entered through the water gate; rebel troops were greatly alarmed. Once they knew relief troops had entered, the rebels then withdrew; hearts in the city were thereby strengthened.
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浙西觀察使杜審權遣大將翟行約率軍三千赴援，屯蓮塘驛。 慆欲遣人勞之，將吏皆憚其行。 讜曰：「杜相公以大夫宗盟，急難相赴，安得令使者無言而還！」 即賫慆書幣，犒其使。 淮南大將李湘率師五千來援，賊詐降，敗於淮口，湘與郭厚本皆為賊所執，自是無援。 賊並兵急攻，以鐵鎖斷淮流，梯沖雲合，凡周七月，晝夜不息。 乘城之士，不遑寢寐，面目生瘡，軍儲漸少，分食稀粥。 賴讜犯難仗義，求救於淮北諸軍。 既而馬舉以大軍至，賊解圍而去。
Zhexi Observation Commissioner Du Shenquan dispatched great general Zhai Xingyue leading three thousand troops to aid, encamped at Liantang Station. Tao wished to send men to comfort them; generals and officials all feared the journey. Tan said, "Vice Minister Du, as a senior clansman in urgent difficulty, came to aid—how can we let the envoy return without a word!" He then bore Tao's letter and gifts and rewarded the envoy. Huainan great general Li Xiang led five thousand troops to aid; the rebels feigned surrender and were defeated at Huaikou; Xiang and Guo Houben were both seized by rebels—thereafter there was no relief. Rebels combined forces for urgent attack, using iron chains to block the Huai current; scaling ladders and assault engines converged like clouds—for a full seven weeks day and night without cease. Those who manned the walls had no time to sleep; faces grew sores; military stores gradually dwindled and they divided thin porridge. They relied on Tan braving hardship and upholding righteousness to beg rescue from armies north of the Huai. Soon Ma Ju arrived with a great army and the rebels lifted the siege and departed.
117
讜無子，猶子山僧、元老等寄在廣陵。 每出城，則書二姓名，謂慆曰：「誌之，得嗣為幸。」 慆益感之。 賊平，授讜泗州團練判官、侍御史。 慆遷鄭滑節度，讜亦從之，為賓佐。 慆卒，乃退歸江東，以隱居為事。
Tan had no sons; nephews the monk Shanseng, Yuangao, and others were lodged at Guangling. Each time he left the city he wrote two names and told Tao, "Record them—if descendants result, it is fortune." Tao was the more moved. When rebels were pacified Tan was appointed regimental adjutant of Sizhou and attendant censor. Tao transferred to Zheng and Hua military commission; Tan also followed as staff member. When Tao died he then retired to Jiangdong and made seclusion his occupation.
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贊
Commentary:
119
贊曰：獸解觸邪，草能指佞。 烈士徇義，見危致命。 國有忠臣，亡而復存。 何以喪邦？ 奸邪受恩。
Beasts can gore evil; grass can point at flatterers. Martyr-scholars follow righteousness, seeing peril and giving life. When a state has loyal ministers, though perished it is as if alive. How is a state lost? Wicked and treacherous receive favor.