1
常思，字克恭，太原人也。 父仁嶽，河東牙將，累贈太子太師。 唐莊宗之為晉王也，廣募勝兵，時思以趫悍應募，累從戎役，後為長直都校，歷捧聖軍使。 晉初，遷六軍都虞候。 漢高祖出鎮並門，奏以思從行，尋表為河東牢城都指揮使，以勤幹見稱。 漢國初建，授檢校太保，遙領鄧州。 漢有天下，遷檢校太尉、昭義軍節度使。 乾佑初，李守貞叛於河中，太祖征之，朝廷命思帥部兵以副焉。 既而禦眾無能，勒歸舊藩。 思在上黨凡五年，無令譽可稱，唯以聚斂為務，性又鄙吝，未嘗與賓佐有酒肴之會。 嘗有從事欲求謁見者，思覽刺而怒曰：「彼必是來獵酒也。」 命典客者飲而遣之，其鄙吝也如是。 太祖受命，就加平章事。 初，太祖微時，以季父待思，及即位，遣其妻入覲，太祖拜之如家人之禮，仍呼曰叔母，其恩顧如是。 廣順二年秋，思來朝，加兼侍中，移鎮宋州。 三年夏，詔赴闕，改授平盧軍節度使。 思將赴鎮，奏太祖云：「臣在宋州出鎮，得絲十餘萬兩，謹以上進，請行征督。」 太祖頷之，尋詔本州折券以諭其民。 及到鎮，未幾，染風痹之疾，上表請尋醫，既而舁疾歸洛。 顯德元年春卒，年六十有九。 贈中書令。
Chang Si, whose style name was Kegong, came from Taiyuan. His father Ren Yue had served as a military adjutant in Hedong and was posthumously honored on several occasions as Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent. When Zhuangzong of Tang was still Prince of Jin, he recruited elite troops on a wide scale; Si enlisted then for his swift, fierce prowess, fought in campaign after campaign, later became chief officer of the Long-Duty Guard, and in time rose to command the Fengsheng Army. Early in the Jin period he was transferred to chief inspector of the Six Armies. When Gaozu of Han took up his post at Bing Gate, he had Si accompany him by memorial; Si was soon appointed commander of the Hedong fortress garrison and became known for his diligent, capable service. At the founding of the Han state he received the acting title Grand Guardian and was given nominal jurisdiction over Deng Prefecture. Once Han held the empire, he was promoted to acting Grand Marshal and appointed military governor of Zhaoyi. In the first year of Qianyou, Li Shouzhen rebelled at Hezhong; Taizu marched against him, and the court ordered Si to lead his division in support. Before long he proved unable to handle the troops and was ordered to return to his former fief. Si spent five years in all at Shangdang without a reputation worth the name; he devoted himself solely to squeezing revenue, and by nature he was coarse and miserly—he never once shared food and wine with his staff. Once a staff member asked to see him; Si read the calling card and snapped, "He must be coming to scrounge wine. He told the usher to give the man a drink and send him away—such was his meanness. When Taizu received the Mandate, Si was at once made a Councilor of State. In the old days, when Taizu was still obscure, he had treated Si as a younger uncle; after he took the throne he had Si's wife come to court, bowed to her with the courtesy of family, and still called her Aunt—such was the grace he showed them. In the autumn of Guangshun year two, Si came to court, was given the additional title of Palace Attendant, and was transferred to Song Prefecture. In the summer of year three he was summoned to court by edict and reassigned as military governor of Pinglu. As Si was about to leave for his new command he memorialized Taizu: "When I departed Song Prefecture I had more than a hundred thousand taels of silk, which I respectfully offer upward; please have it levied and collected. Taizu nodded, and soon an edict ordered that prefecture to cancel the tax bonds and notify the people. Not long after he reached his post he fell ill with wind paralysis; he memorialized asking permission to seek a physician, and was soon carried home to Luoyang on a litter. In the spring of Xiande year one he died, at the age of sixty-nine. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Director of the Secretariat.
2
翟光鄴，字化基，濮州鄄城人。 父景珂，倜儻有膽氣。 梁貞明初，唐莊宗始駐軍於河上，景珂率聚邑人守永定驛，固守逾年，後為北軍所攻，景珂戰歿，眾潰。 光鄴時年十歲，為明宗軍所俘，以其穎悟，俾侍左右，字之曰永定。 既冠，沈毅有謀，蒞事寡過。 明宗即位，時深委遇，累遷至皇城使、檢校司空。 長興中，樞密使安重誨得罪，時光鄴與中官孟小僧頗有力焉。 居無何，出為耀州團練使。 清泰初，入為左監門衛大將軍。 晉天福中，歷棣沂二州刺史、西京副留守。 開運初，授宣徽使。 楊光遠叛滅，青州平，除為防禦使，朝廷以兵亂之後，人物雕弊，故命光鄴理之。 光鄴好聚書，重儒者，虛齋論議，惟求理道。 時郡民喪亡十之六七，而招懷撫諭，視之如傷，故期月之間，流亡載輯。 契丹入汴，偽命權知曹州。 李從益假號，以光鄴明宗舊臣，署為樞密使。 漢祖至汴，改左領衛大將軍。 乾祐初，遷右金吾衛大將軍，充街使、檢校太保。 太祖踐阼，復授宣徽使、左千牛衛上將軍、檢校太傅。 數月，兼樞密副使。 會永興李洪信入朝，代知軍府事。 廣順二年十月，卒於長安，時年四十六。
Di Guangye, whose style name was Huaji, came from Juancheng in Puzhou. His father Jing Ke was bold and daring by nature. In the first year of Liang Zhenming, Zhuangzong of Tang first encamped his army on the Yellow River; Jing Ke led the people of his district to hold Yongding Post, held firm for more than a year, was later attacked by the northern army, fell in battle, and his force broke. Guangye was then ten; Mingzong's army captured him, and because he was bright they had him wait at the ruler's side and gave him the style name Yongding. Once he came of age he was grave, resolute, and resourceful, and rarely erred in office. When Mingzong acceded, Guangye enjoyed his deep trust and in time rose to Imperial City Commissioner and acting Minister of Works. During Changxing, when Chief Councilor An Chonghui fell from favor, Guangye and the eunuch Meng Xiaoseng had played a considerable part. Before long he was sent out as regimental commissioner of Yao Prefecture. In the first year of Qingtai he entered court service as Grand General of the Left Directorate of the Gate Guards. During Jin Tianfu he served in turn as prefect of Di and Yi and as deputy defender of the Western Capital. In the first year of Kaiyun he was appointed Commissioner of the Palace Directorate. After Yang Guangyuan's rebellion was crushed and Qingzhou pacified, he was made defense commissioner; the court, seeing how war had ravaged the region and thinned the population, put Guangye in charge of restoring it. Guangye loved to gather books, honored Confucian scholars, and in his quiet study held discussions aimed solely at principle. Six or seven tenths of the prefecture's people had died, yet he recruited, comforted, and instructed the survivors as though tending the wounded, and within a month refugees were streaming back. When the Khitan entered Bian, a puppet regime named him acting prefect of Cao. Li Congyi took a false title; because Guangye was an old minister of Mingzong, he appointed him Chief Councilor. When the Han founder reached Bian, Guangye was reassigned as Grand General of the Left Leading Guard. In Qianyou year one he was promoted to Grand General of the Right Golden Crow Guard, made street commissioner, and given the acting title Grand Guardian. When Taizu acceded he was again made Commissioner of the Palace Directorate, Grand General of the Left Thousand-Ox Guard, and acting Grand Tutor. Several months later he was also made Deputy Chief Councilor. When Li Hongxin of Yongxing came to court, Guangye acted in his stead administering the military government. In the tenth month of Guangshun year two he died at Chang'an, aged forty-six.
3
光鄴有器度，慎密敦厚，出於天然，喜慍不形於色。 事繼母以孝聞，兄弟皆雍睦。 雖食祿日久，家無餘財，任金吾日，假官屋數間以蔽風雨，親族累重，糲食才給，人不堪其憂，光鄴處之晏如也。 賓朋至，則貰酒延之，談說終日，略無厭倦，士大夫多之。 及權知京兆，以寬靜為治，前政有煩苛之事，一切停罷，百姓便之。 及病甚，召親隨於臥內，戒之曰：「氣絕之後，以屍歸洛，不得於此停留，慮煩軍府。」 言訖而終。 京兆吏如喪所親，或有以漿酒遙奠者。 樞密使王峻素重光鄴，且欲厚恤其家，為之上請，故自終及葬，所賜賻赗幾數千計。 詔贈太子少師。 光鄴膚革肥皙，善於攝養，故司天監趙延乂有袁、許之術，嘗謂人曰：「翟君外厚而內薄，雖貴而無壽。」 果如其言。
Guangye had breadth of manner, was cautious, steady, and generous by nature, and never let joy or anger show on his face. He was famed for filial care of his stepmother, and his brothers all lived in harmony. Though he had held office and drawn salary for years, his household had no surplus; as Golden Crow commissioner he borrowed a few government rooms against wind and rain; kin crowded about him and coarse grain barely fed them—others would have found it unbearable, but Guangye remained perfectly at ease. When guests arrived he would buy wine on credit to entertain them, talking the day through without tiring, and men of letters held him in esteem. When he acted for Jingzhao he governed with leniency and calm; every vexatious or harsh measure of the previous regime he stopped at once, to the people's relief. When his illness grew grave he summoned his close attendants to his bedside and charged them: "When my breath stops, take my body back to Luoyang; do not leave it here, lest you trouble the military government. He finished speaking and died. The officials of Jingzhao mourned him as they would a kinsman; some even poured libations of gruel and wine from afar. Chief Councilor Wang Jun had always esteemed Guangye and wished to enrich his household; he memorialized on their behalf, so from death through burial the gifts of condolence money ran to several thousand items. An edict posthumously enfeoffed him as Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent. Guangye's skin was plump and fair and he was skilled at tending his health; the Astronomical Commissioner Zhao Yanyi, versed in the arts of Yuan and Xu, once told others, "Master Di is thick outside but thin within; though he rises high he will not live long. It turned out exactly as he had said.
4
曹英，字德秀，舊名犯今上御名，故改焉。 本常山鎮定人也。 父全武，事趙王王镕為列校，英因得隸於镕之帳下。 及張文禮之亂，唐莊宗奄有其地，乃錄镕之左右，署為散指揮使。 明宗即位，英侍於仗下，問其祖考，英以實對，明宗曰：「乃朕之舊也。」 擢為本班行首，每加顧遇。 晉天福中，遷弩手軍使。 平張從賓於汜水，以功授本軍都校。 漢初，改奉國軍主，加檢校司徒，兼康州刺史。 乾祐初，李守貞據河中叛，授行營步軍都校。 河中平，遷本軍廂主，領岳州防禦使。 隨太祖在魏，為北面行營步軍都校，從平內難。 國初，以翊戴功授昭武節度使、檢校太傅、侍衛步軍都指揮使。 二年春，總兵討慕容彥超於兗州，梯沖塹壘，頗有力焉。 夏五月，太祖親征，因並兵攻陷其城，及凱旋，領彰信軍節度使，典軍如故。 世宗嗣位，加同平章事，授成德軍節度使。 車駕自太原回，加兼侍中。 顯德元年冬，卒於鎮，時年四十九。 制贈中書令。 英性沈厚，謙恭有禮，雖衽席之際，接對賓客，亦未嘗造次。 及卒，搢紳之士亦皆惜之。
Cao Ying, whose style name was Dexiu, bore an original given name that violated the present emperor's taboo and was therefore changed. He was originally from Zhen in Changshan. His father Quanwu had served Prince Zhao Wang Rong as a company commander, and Ying came to serve in Rong's headquarters. When Zhang Wenli rebelled, Zhuangzong of Tang suddenly seized the region and enrolled Rong's attendants, appointing Ying a scattered commander. When Mingzong acceded, Ying stood attendance below the imperial halberds; the emperor asked about his forebears and Ying answered truthfully; Mingzong said, "So you are one of my old associates. He was promoted to head of his guard company and won repeated favor. During Jin Tianfu he was transferred to commander of the Crossbow Hand Army. When Zhang Congbin was pacified at Sishui he was made company commander of his own army for his merit. Early in Han he was made commander of the Fengguo Army, given the acting title Minister of Works, and concurrently prefect of Kang. In Qianyou year one, when Li Shouzhen held Hezhong in rebellion, he was appointed company commander of the campaign army's foot soldiers. When Hezhong was pacified he was made wing commander of his army and given nominal charge as defense commissioner of Yue. Following Taizu at Wei he served as company commander of the northern campaign army's foot soldiers and helped quell the internal crisis. At the founding of the dynasty, for his merit in supporting the enthronement he was made military governor of Zhaowu, acting Grand Tutor, and commander of the palace guard foot soldiers. In the spring of year two he led troops against Murong Yanchao at Yan Prefecture; in scaling ladders, rams, ditches, and ramparts he played a major part. In the fifth month of summer Taizu campaigned in person; the armies were combined, the city stormed and taken; on the return in triumph he was given Zhangxin Army while keeping command of the troops as before. When Shizong succeeded he was made a Councilor and military governor of Chengde. When the imperial carriage returned from Taiyuan he was given the additional title of Palace Attendant. In the winter of Xiande year one he died at his post, aged forty-nine. An edict posthumously enfeoffed him as Director of the Secretariat. Ying was deep and steady by nature, humble and courteous; even beside his own mat he never treated guests with casual abruptness. When he died, men of the gentry mourned him as well.
5
李彥頵，字德循，太原人也。 本以商賈為業，太祖鎮鄴，置之左右，及即位，歷綾錦副使、搉易使。 世宗嗣位，以彥頵有舊，超授內客省使。 未幾，知相州軍府事，尋改延州兵馬留後。 到鎮，頗以殖貨為意，窺圖剩利，侵漁蕃漢部人，群情大擾。 會世宗南征，蕃部結聚，圍迫州城，彥頵閉壁自守，求援於鄰道，賴救兵至，乃解。 世宗不悅，征赴京師，然猶委曲庇護，竟不之責。 尋為西京水南巡檢使，居無何，命權知泗州軍州事，改滄州兩使留後。 彥頵到任，處置乖方，大為物情所鄙。 顯德六年秋，受代歸闕，遇疾而卒，時年五十有二。
Li Yanyun, whose style name was Dexun, came from Taiyuan. He had originally been a merchant; when Taizu governed Ye he kept Yanyun at his side, and after the accession Yanyun served in turn as deputy commissioner of brocade and silk and as monopoly commissioner. When Shizong succeeded, because Yanyun was an old associate he was abruptly made Commissioner of the Inner Guests Directorate. Before long he was put in charge of Xiang Prefecture's military government; soon afterward he was made military commander of Yan. Once at his post he was much intent on amassing wealth, scheming for surplus profit and squeezing both tribal and Han subjects until the region was in uproar. When Shizong marched south the tribal peoples gathered and pressed the prefectural city; Yanyun shut the walls and held out, sought aid from neighboring circuits, and only when relief arrived was the siege lifted. Shizong was displeased and summoned him to the capital, yet still sheltered him tactfully and in the end did not hold him accountable. Soon afterward he was made inspector of the Western Capital's south-of-the-water circuit; before long he was ordered to act as military governor of Si and then made dual commissioner of Cang. When Yanyun took up his post his arrangements were ill judged and public opinion held him in contempt. In the autumn of Xiande year six he was relieved and returned to court; he fell ill on the way and died, aged fifty-two.
6
李暉，字順光，瀛州束城人。 弱冠應募於龍驤軍，漢祖領河東，暉請從，因得署為河東牙將。 漢有天下，授檢校司徒、大內皇城使。 未幾，遷宣徽南院使。 乾祐初，拜河陽節度使、檢校太傅。 太祖登極，加同平章事，尋移鎮滄州。 顯德元年，就加兼侍中。 二年秋，以世宗誕慶節來朝，改邠州節度使。 五年，移鎮鳳翔。 歲餘，卒於鎮。 優詔贈中書令。 暉之儀貌不及於常人，而位極將相，年登耳順，袁、許之術，夫何恃哉！ 然性貪鄙，而好小惠以邀虛譽，故在河陽及滄州日，民皆詣闕請立碑以頌其美，識者亦未之許也。
Li Hui, whose style name was Shunguang, came from Dongcheng in Ying Prefecture. In his youth he enlisted in the Dragon-Soaring Army; when the Han founder took charge of Hedong, Hui asked to follow him and was appointed a Hedong military adjutant. When Han held the empire he was given the acting title Minister of Works and made commissioner of the Inner Imperial City. Before long he was transferred to Commissioner of the Southern Palace Directorate. In Qianyou year one he was appointed military governor of Heyang and acting Grand Tutor. When Taizu took the throne he was made a Councilor and soon transferred to Cang Prefecture. In Xiande year one he was given the additional title of Palace Attendant in situ. In the autumn of year two he came to court for Shizong's birthday celebration and was transferred to military governor of Bin. In year five he was transferred to Fengxiang. A little more than a year later he died at his post. A gracious edict posthumously enfeoffed him as Director of the Secretariat. Hui's looks fell short of the ordinary, yet he rose to the summit of general and minister and lived to sixty—what need had he of the arts of Yuan and Xu! Yet he was greedy and base by nature and liked petty favors to win empty praise; so while at Heyang and Cang the people all petitioned the court to erect steles praising his virtue, but the discerning did not approve.
7
李建崇，潞州人。 少從軍，善騎射。 初事唐武皇，為鐵林都將，轉突騎、飛騎二軍使。 從莊宗攻常山，阿保機來援，莊宗率親軍千騎，遇於滿城，兵少，為契丹所圍。 時建崇為親將，與契丹格鬥，自午至申，會李嗣昭騎至，契丹乃解去。 同光中，自龍武捧聖都指揮使，出歷襄、秦、徐、雍都指揮使。 建崇性純厚，處身任遇，不能巧宦，以致久滯偏裨。 明宗嘗掌牙兵，與建崇共事，及即位，甚湣之，連授磁、沁二郡。 入晉為申州刺史。 天福七年冬，襄州安從進構逆，率眾寇南陽，時建崇領步騎千餘屯於葉縣，開封尹鄭王遣宣徽使張從恩、皇城使焦繼勛率在京諸軍，會建崇軍拒賊，至湖陽縣之花山，遇從進軍，建崇接戰，大敗之，以功授亳州團練使。 襄陽平，遷安州防禦使。 歷河陽、邢州兵馬留後。 漢初，入為右衛大將軍。 年逾七十，神氣不衰。 建崇始自代北事武皇，至是四十餘年，前後所掌兵，麾下部曲多至節鉞，零落殆盡，惟建崇雖位不及藩屏，而康強自適，以至期耄。 太祖即位，授左監門衛上將軍。 廣順三年春卒。 贈黔南節度使。
Li Jianchong came from Luzhou. In his youth he took up arms and was skilled at mounted archery. He first served Wuhuang of Tang as a commander of the Iron Forest Guard, then rose to command the Sudden Cavalry and Flying Cavalry armies. When Zhuangzong attacked Changshan, Abaoji came to the enemy's aid; Zhuangzong led a thousand horse of his personal guard, met them at Mancheng with too few men, and was surrounded by the Khitan. Jianchong was then a commander of the personal guard; he fought the Khitan from noon to late afternoon, until Li Sizhao's cavalry arrived and the Khitan broke off. During Tongguang he rose from commander of the Dragon Martial Fengsheng Guard to serve in turn as army commander of Xiang, Qin, Xu, and Yong. Jianchong was plain and honest by nature; in how he carried himself and won appointments he could not play the courtier, and so long remained a subordinate officer. Mingzong had once commanded the guard troops alongside Jianchong; when he took the throne he pitied him deeply and in succession gave him Ci and Qin. In Jin service he became prefect of Shen. In the winter of Tianfu year seven, An Congjin of Xiangyang rebelled and led troops against Nanyang; Jianchong then commanded more than a thousand foot and horse at Ye County; the Prince of Zheng, as Kaifeng intendant, sent Palace Commissioner Zhang Congen and Imperial City Commissioner Jiao Jixun with the capital armies to join Jianchong; at Huashan in Huyang they met Congjin's force, Jianchong gave battle and routed them, and for his merit was made regimental commissioner of Bo. When Xiangyang was pacified he was transferred to defense commissioner of An. He served in turn as military commander of Heyang and Xing. Early in Han he entered court service as Grand General of the Right Guard. Past seventy, his spirit and vigor had not waned. Jianchong had followed Wuhuang from the northern frontier; by now more than forty years had passed; of the troops he had led, many subordinates had risen to military governorships and nearly all were gone—only Jianchong, though he never reached a frontier command, stayed hale and content even to great old age. When Taizu acceded he was appointed Grand General of the Left Directorate of the Gate Guards. In the spring of Guangshun year three he died. He was posthumously enfeoffed as military governor of Qiannan.
8
王重裔，陳州宛丘人。 父達，歷安、均、洺三州刺史，因家於洺。 重裔幼沈厚有勇，善騎射。 年未及冠，事莊宗為廳直，管契丹直。 從安汴、洛，累為禁軍指揮使。 晉天福中，鎮州安重榮謀叛，稱兵指闕，朝廷命杜重威率師拒之，賊陣於宗城東，晉遣齊軍擊之，再合不動。 杜重威懼，謀欲抽退，重裔曰：「兵家忌退，但請公分麾下兵擊其兩翼，重裔為公陷陣，當其中軍，彼必狼狽矣。」 重威從之，重榮即時退蹙，遂敗。 以功遷護聖右廂都指揮使，領費州刺史。 漢初，仍典禁軍，從征鄴都平，遷深州刺史。 淮夷以李守貞故，數侵邊地，以重裔為亳州防禦使，又令於徐州巡檢，兼知軍州，就加檢校太傅。 太祖踐阼，加爵邑，改功臣。 廣順元年夏，以疾卒，年五十有三。 贈武信軍節度使。
Wang Zhongyi came from Wancheng in Chen Prefecture. His father Da had served in turn as prefect of An, Jun, and Luo and made his home at Luo. Zhongyi in youth was grave, brave, and skilled at mounted archery. Before he came of age he served Zhuangzong as a hall attendant and managed the Khitan guard. Following the pacification of Bian and Luo he rose through commands of the palace guard armies. During Jin Tianfu, An Chongrong of Zhen plotted rebellion and marched on the capital; the court ordered Du Chongwei to resist; the rebels formed east of Zongcheng; Jin sent the Qi army to strike; twice they clashed without breaking the stalemate. Du Chongwei feared and planned to pull back; Zhongyi said, "Armies dread retreat—only divide your troops to strike both wings; Zhongyi will break the line for you and take their center—they will surely fall into disorder. Chongwei agreed; Chongrong at once broke and fell back and was defeated. For his merit he was made commander of the right wing of the Fengsheng Guard and given Fei Prefecture. Early in Han he still commanded the palace guard, followed the campaign that pacified Yedu, and was transferred to prefect of Shen. Because the Huai tribes, on Li Shouzhen's account, repeatedly raided the frontier, Zhongyi was made defense commissioner of Bo and also ordered to inspect at Xu while concurrently administering the prefecture, and was given the acting title Grand Tutor on the spot. When Taizu acceded he increased his noble rank and fief and changed his merit title. In the summer of Guangshun year one he died of illness, aged fifty-three. He was posthumously enfeoffed as military governor of Wuxin.
9
孫漢英，太原人也。 父重進，事唐武皇、莊宗為大將，賜姓，名存進，《唐書》有傳。 漢英少事戎伍，稍至都將，嘗為東面馬步軍都指揮使。 清泰初，興元節度使張虔釗失律於岐下，遂以其地西臣於蜀，漢英兄漢韶，時為洋州節度使，因茲阻隔，亦送款於蜀，由是漢英與弟漢筠久之不調。 漢乾祐中，太祖西征蒲、雍，以漢英戚裏之分，奏於軍中指使。 蒲、雍平，班師，隱帝以漢英為絳州刺史、檢校司徒。 廣順元年冬，卒於都。
Sun Hanyin came from Taiyuan. His father Chongjin had served Wuhuang and Zhuangzong of Tang as a great general, was granted the imperial surname, and took the name Cunjin; the 《Tang History》 has his biography. Hanyin entered the army young and in time rose to company commander; he once commanded the eastern face foot and horse armies. In Qingtai year one Zhang Qianzhao of Xingyuan lost at Qi and submitted that territory west to Shu; Hanyin's elder brother Hanshao, then military governor of Yang, was cut off and also submitted to Shu; Hanyin and his younger brother Hanjun long went without promotion. In Han Qianyou, Taizu campaigned west against Pu and Yong and, because Hanyin was kin by marriage, had him assigned command in the army. When Pu and Yong were pacified and the army returned, the Hidden Emperor made Hanyin prefect of Jiang and acting Minister of Works. In the winter of Guangshun year one he died at the capital.
10
許遷，鄆州人也。 初為本州牙將，性剛褊。 漢乾祐初，為左屯衛將軍，與少府監馬從斌同監造漢祖山陵法物，節財省用，減數萬計。 改左監門大將軍，又加檢校司空。 漢末，權知隰州。 太祖踐阼，劉崇遣子鈞率兵寇平陽，路由於隰，賊眾攻城，城中兵少，遷感激指諭，士鬥兼倍，賊眾傷夷，尋自退去。 太祖降詔撫諭，正授隰州刺史。 遷切於除盜，嫉惡過當，或釘磔賊人，令部下臠割。 誤斷不合死罪人，其家詣闕致訟，詔下開封府獄。 時陳觀為知府，素與遷不協，深劾其事，欲追遷對訟，太祖以事狀可原，但罷郡而已。 遷既奉朝請，因大詬陳觀，謂王峻曰：「相公執政，所與參議，宜求賢德。 如陳觀者，為儒無家行，為官多任情，茍知其微，屠沽兒恥與為侶，況明公乎！」 峻無以沮之。 既而嬰疾，請告歸汶上而卒。
Xu Qian came from Yan Prefecture. He first served as a military adjutant in his home prefecture; he was stern and narrow by nature. In Han Qianyou year one he was Left Colonel of the Garrison Guard and, with Vice Director Ma Congbin, supervised ritual objects for Gaozu's tomb, saving materials and cutting costs by tens of thousands. He was made Grand General of the Left Directorate of the Gate Guards and given the acting title Minister of Works. Late in Han he acted as prefect of Xi. When Taizu acceded, Liu Chong sent his son Jun to raid Pingyang; the route passed Xi; rebels besieged the city with few defenders inside; Qian roused the men with passionate exhortation and they fought twice as hard; the rebels suffered heavy losses and soon withdrew. Taizu issued a comforting edict and formally appointed him prefect of Xi. Qian was zealous in rooting out bandits and hated evil to excess; sometimes he nailed or dismembered thieves and had his men carve them up. He wrongly executed a man who should not have died; the family petitioned at court; an edict sent the case to Kaifeng prefectural prison. Chen Guan was then prefect, had long been at odds with Qian, impeached him deeply, and wished to summon him to answer the suit; Taizu found the matter forgivable and only removed him from office. Once Qian attended court as a petitioner and loudly reviled Chen Guan, telling Wang Jun, "When the Chancellor holds power, those he consults should be men of virtue. Men like Chen Guan have no family conduct befitting a scholar and act capriciously in office; if they knew his true character, even butchers and peddlers would scorn his company—how much more should you! Jun had no way to silence him. Before long he fell ill, asked leave, returned to Wen, and died.
11
趙鳳，冀州棗強縣人，幼讀書，舉童子。 既長，兇豪多力，以殺人暴掠為事，吏不能禁。 安重榮鎮常山，招集叛亡，鳳乃應募，既而犯法當死，即破械逾獄，遁而獲免。 天福中，趙延壽為契丹鄉導，歲侵深、冀，鳳往依焉。 〈（《宋史·荊罕儒傳》：罕儒少無賴，與趙鳳、張輦為群盜，晉天福中，相率詣范陽，委贄燕王趙延壽，得掌兵權。）〉 契丹主素聞其桀黠，署為羽林軍使，累遷羽林都指揮使，常令將兵在邊，貝、冀之民，日罹其患。 晉末，契丹入洛，鳳從至東京，授宿州防禦使。 漢祖即位，受代歸闕，尋授河陽行軍司馬。 乾祐初，入為龍武將軍。 丁父憂，起復授右千牛衛大將軍。 漢末，都城變起，兵集之夜，無不剽之室，唯鳳里閭，兵不敢犯，人皆服其膽勇。 廣順初，用為宋、亳、宿三州巡檢使。 鳳出於伏莽，尤知盜之隱伏，乃誘致盜魁於麾下，厚待之，每桴鼓之發，無不擒捕，眾以為能，然平民因捕盜而破家者多矣。 鳳善事人，或使臣經由，靡不傾財厚奉，故得延譽而掩其醜跡。 太祖聞其幹事，用為單州刺史，既剛忿不仁，得位逾熾，刑獄之間，尤為不道。 嘗抑奪人之妻女，又以進奉南郊為名，率斂部民財貨，為人所訟。 廣順三年十二月，詔削奪鳳在身官爵，尋令賜死。
Zhao Feng came from Zaoqiang in Ji Prefecture; as a boy he studied and passed the child-candidate examination. Grown, he was a fierce bully of great strength who lived by killing and plunder; officials could not restrain him. When An Chongrong held Changshan he recruited fugitives; Feng enlisted; soon he broke the law and deserved death, broke his fetters, leaped the prison wall, and escaped. During Tianfu, Zhao Yanshou guided the Khitan; year after year they raised Shen and Ji; Feng went to join him. (From the 《Song History·Biography of Jing Hanru》: Hanru in youth was a wastrel; with Zhao Feng and Zhang Nian he formed a band of robbers; in Jin Tianfu they went together to Fanyang, presented themselves to Prince Yan Zhao Yanshou, and gained command of troops.)〉 The Khitan ruler had long heard of his fierceness and appointed him commander of the Feathered Forest Army; he rose to commander of the Feathered Forest Guard, often led troops on the frontier, and the people of Bei and Ji suffered him daily. Late in Jin the Khitan entered Luoyang; Feng followed to the Eastern Capital and was made defense commissioner of Su. When the Han founder acceded, Feng was relieved and returned to court; soon he was made march commander of Heyang. In Qianyou year one he entered service as Dragon Martial General. When his father's mourning ended he was recalled and appointed Grand General of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard. Late in Han, when turmoil broke out in the capital, on the night troops gathered no house escaped looting—only Feng's lane the soldiers did not dare touch; all admired his bold courage. Early in Guangshun he was made inspector of Song, Bo, and Su. Feng came from the wilds and knew how bandits hid; he lured bandit chiefs into his service, treated them well, and whenever drums sounded for a raid none escaped—people called him capable, yet many common families were ruined by his catching bandits. Feng was skilled at courting favor; whenever envoys passed he lavished gifts until he was poor, winning praise that masked his crimes. Taizu heard of his ability and made him prefect of Shan; in office he grew fiercer, crueler, and more lawless in punishments. He seized others' wives and daughters, and under the name of tribute for the southern suburban rite he extorted the people until they sued. In the twelfth month of Guangshun year three an edict stripped Feng of all offices and ranks; soon he was ordered to take his own life.
12
齊藏珍，少歷內職，累遷諸衛將軍。 前後監押兵師在外，頗稱幹事，然險诐無行，殘忍辯給，無不畏其利口。 廣順中，奉命滑州界巡護河堤，以弛慢致河決，除名，配沙門島。 世宗在西班時，與藏珍同列，每聆其談論，或剖判世務，似有可采。 及即位，自流所征還。 秦、鳳之役，令監偏師。 及淮上用兵，復委監護，與軍校何超領兵降下光州。 藏珍欺隱官物甚多，超以為不可，藏珍曰：「沙門島已有屋數間，不妨再去矣。」 其不畏法也如此。 世宗既破紫金山寨，追吳寇室渦口，因與藏珍言及克捷之狀。 對曰：「陛下神武之功，近代無比，於文德則未光。」 世宗頷之，又問以揚州之事，對曰：「揚州地實卑濕，食物例多腥腐。 臣去歲在彼，人以鱔魚饋臣者，視其盤中虬屈，一如蛇虺之狀，假使鸛雀有知，亦應不食，豈況於人哉！」 其敷奏大率多此類，聞者無不悚然。 一日，又奏云：「唐景思已為刺史，臣猶未蒙聖澤。」 世宗俯而從之，時濠梁未下，即命為濠州行州刺史。 及張永德與李重進有間言，藏珍嘗遊說重進，洎壽陽兵回，諸將中有以藏珍之言上奏者。 世宗怒，急召赴闕。 四年夏，以其冒稱檢校官罪，按其事而斃之，蓋不欲暴其惡跡也。
Qi Cangzhen in youth held inner-court posts and rose through the guard generalships. He repeatedly supervised troops abroad and was called capable, yet he was treacherous, cruel, and glib, and all feared his sharp tongue. During Guangshun he patrolled the Yellow River dikes on the Hua border; through negligence the river broke through; he was dismissed and exiled to Shamen Island. When Shizong sat in the western class he and Cangzhen were colleagues; Shizong often heard him discuss affairs and judge the times as though there were something worth taking. When he acceded he was recalled from exile. In the Qin-Feng campaign he was ordered to supervise a detached column. When the Huai campaign began he was again entrusted to supervise; with army commander He Chao he led troops to take Guang Prefecture. Cangzhen concealed much government property; Chao objected; Cangzhen said, "Shamen Island already has several rooms—it would not hurt to go again. Such was his contempt for the law. After Shizong broke the Zijin Mountain camp and pursued the Wu enemy to Shiwokou, he spoke with Cangzhen about the victory. He replied, "Your Majesty's martial achievement is unmatched in recent times, yet your civil virtue has not yet shone. Shizong nodded and asked about Yangzhou; he replied, "Yangzhou's land is truly low and damp; food there is mostly rank and rotten. Last year when I was there, someone presented eel; in the dish they writhed like serpents—if storks and magpies had sense they would not eat it, how much less men!" His memorials were mostly of this kind; hearers were all struck with dread. One day he memorialized again, "Jing Jingsi has already been made prefect, yet I have not yet received Your Majesty's grace. Shizong assented; Hao and Liang had not yet fallen, and he was at once made acting prefect on the Hao campaign. When Zhang Yongde and Li Chongjin fell out, Cangzhen once urged Chongjin; when the Shouyang army returned, some generals memorialized what Cangzhen had said. Shizong was angry and urgently summoned him to court. In the summer of year four, for falsely claiming an acting official title, his case was investigated and he was put to death—so as not to expose his wicked deeds openly.
13
王環，本真定人。 唐天成初，孟知祥鎮西川，環往事之，及知祥建號，環累典軍衛，孟昶嗣位，環兼領左、右衛。 顯德二年秋，王師西伐，時環為鳳州節度使。 初，偏師傅其城下，為環所敗，裨將胡立為環所擒。 是冬，王師大集，急攻其城，蜀之援兵相次敗走。 環聞之，守備愈堅，王師攻擊數月方克。 城陷，環就擒。 及到闕，世宗以忠於所事，釋其罪，授若驍衛大將軍。 四年冬，世宗南征，環隨駕至泗州，遇疾而卒。
Wang Huan was originally from Zhending. In Tang Tiancheng year one Meng Zhixiang governed Western Chuan; Huan served him; when Zhixiang declared a state Huan rose through guard commands; when Meng Chang succeeded, Huan held both left and right guards. In the autumn of Xiande year two the imperial army marched west; Huan was then military governor of Feng. At first a detached column reached his walls and was defeated by Huan; deputy commander Hu Li was captured. That winter the main army gathered and pressed the city; Shu relief armies were beaten in succession and fled. When Huan heard this his defense grew firmer; the imperial army attacked for months before the city fell. When the city fell Huan was taken. At court Shizong, because he had been loyal to his master, pardoned him and appointed him Grand General of the Ruoxiao Guard. In the winter of year four Shizong marched south; Huan followed to Si, fell ill, and died.
14
張彥超，本沙陀部人也。 素有郤克之疾，時號為「跛子」。 初，以騎射事唐莊宗為馬直軍使，莊宗入汴，授神武指揮使。 明宗嘗以為養子。 天成中，擢授蔚州刺史。 素與晉高祖不協，屬其總戎於太原，遂舉其城投於契丹，即以為雲州節度使。 契丹之南侵也，彥超率部眾，頗為鎮、魏之患。 及契丹入汴，遷侍衛馬軍都校，尋授晉昌軍節度使。 漢高祖入洛，彥超飛表輸誠，移授保大軍節度使。 乾祐初，奉詔歸闕，止奉朝請而已。 太祖自鄴入平內難，隱帝令彥超董騎軍為拒，劉子陂兵亂，彥超先謁見太祖。 廣順中，授神武統軍。 顯德三年冬，以疾終於第。 制贈太子太師。
Zhang Yanchao was originally of the Shatuo tribe. He had long suffered Xi Ke's affliction and was known as "the Lame One." At first, for mounted archery he served Zhuangzong of Tang as commander of the Horse Guard Army; when Zhuangzong entered Bian he was made commander of the Divine Martial Army. Mingzong once took him as a foster son. During Tiancheng he was promoted to prefect of Yu. He had long been at odds with Gaozu of Jin; when Gaozu commanded at Taiyuan he surrendered his city to the Khitan, who made him military governor of Yun. When the Khitan marched south, Yanchao led his troops and became a serious scourge to Zhen and Wei. When the Khitan entered Bian he was made company commander of the palace guard horse army and soon military governor of Jinchang. When Gaozu of Han entered Luoyang, Yanchao sent an urgent memorial pledging loyalty and was transferred to military governor of Baoda. In Qianyou year one he was ordered back to court and held only the status of court petitioner. When Taizu came from Ye to quell the internal crisis, the Hidden Emperor ordered Yanchao to command the cavalry against him; at the rout at Liuzi Slope, Yanchao was first to pay court to Taizu. During Guangshun he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Divine Martial Army. In the winter of Xiande year three he died of illness at home. By edict he was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent.
15
張穎，太原人，駙馬都尉永德 〈（《宋史》列傳：永德，并州陽曲人。 家世饒財，曾祖丕，尚氣節。 後唐武皇鎮太原，急於用度，多嚴選富家子掌帑庫，或調度不給，即坐誅，沒入資產。 丕為之滿歲，府財有餘。 宗人政當次補其任，率族屬泣拜，請丕濟其急，丕又為代掌一年，鄉里服其義。）〉 之父也。 累為藩郡列校，由內職歷諸衛將軍。 國初，以戚裏之故，自華州行軍司馬歷郢、懷二州刺史，遷安州防禦使。 穎性卞急峻刻，不容人之小過，雖左右親信，亦皆怨之。 部曲曹澄有處女，穎逼而娶之，澄遂與不逞之徒數人，同謀害穎，中夜挾刃入於寢門，執穎而殺之，遂奔於金陵。 世宗征淮南，以永德之故，遣江南李景，令執澄等送行在。 及至，世宗以澄等賜永德，俾甘心而戮之。
Zhang Ying came from Taiyuan; he was son-in-law to Commissioner of the Imperial Son-in-Law's Household Yongde (《Song History》 biographies: Yongde came from Yangqu in Bing Prefecture. His family had been wealthy for generations; his great-grandfather Pi was high-spirited and principled. When Wuhuang of Later Tang governed Taiyuan and urgently needed funds, he often picked sons of rich families to manage the treasury; if supplies ran short they were executed and their assets seized. Pi held the post a full year and the prefectural treasury had a surplus. A clansman Zheng was next in line; he led the clan in weeping and bowing, begging Pi to relieve their distress, and Pi again took charge for a year—the countryside admired his righteousness.)〉 who was his father. He served in turn as a company commander in frontier prefectures and rose through inner service to the guard generalships. At the founding of the dynasty, through marriage kinship, he rose from march commander of Hua to prefect of Ying and Huai, then defense commissioner of An. Ying was harsh, impatient, stern, and unforgiving of the smallest fault; even his trusted attendants resented him. His subordinate Cao Cheng had a virgin daughter; Ying forced her into marriage; Cheng then joined several unruly men to kill Ying; in the dead of night they entered the bedroom with blades, seized Ying and killed him, then fled to Jinling. When Shizong campaigned against Huainan, for Yongde's sake he sent word to Li Jing of Jiangnan to deliver Cheng and the others to headquarters. When they arrived Shizong gave Cheng and the others to Yongde to satisfy his heart by executing them.
16
劉仁贍，略通儒術，好兵書，在澤國甚有聲望。 吳主知之，累遷為偽右監門衛將軍，歷黃、袁二州刺史，所至稱治。 洎李景僭襲偽位，俾掌親軍，遷鄂州節度使。 居數年，復以兵柄任之，改壽州節度使。 及王師渡淮，而仁贍固守甚堅。 洎世宗駐蹕於其壘北，數道齊攻，填塹陷壁，晝夜不息，如是者累月。 世宗臨城以諭之，而仁贍但遜詞以謝。 及車駕還京，命李重進總兵守之，復乘間陷我南寨。 自是圍之愈急，城中饑死者甚眾。 三年冬，淮寇復來救援，列寨於紫金山，夾道相屬，累然數十里，垂及壽壁，而重進兵幾不能支，世宗患之，遂復議親征。 車駕至壽春，命今上率師破紫金山之眾，擒其應援使陳承昭以獻。 仁贍聞援兵既敗，計無所出，但扼腕浩嘆而已。 會世宗以紫金山之捷，飛詔以諭之，時仁贍臥疾已亟，因翻然納款，而城內諸軍萬計，皆屏息以聽其命。 及見於行在，世宗撫之甚厚，賜與加等，復令入城養病，尋授天平軍節度使、兼中書令。 制出之日，薨於其家，年五十八。 世宗聞之，遣使吊祭，命內臣監護喪事，追封彭城郡王。 後以其子崇讃為懷州刺史。 仁贍輕財重士，法令嚴肅，重圍之中，其子崇諫犯軍禁，即令斬之，故能以一城之眾，連年拒守。 逮其來降，而其下未敢竊議者，保其後嗣，抑有由焉。
Liu Renshan had some mastery of Confucian learning, loved military books, and enjoyed great repute in the marsh country. The Wu ruler knew him and repeatedly promoted him to acting Grand General of the Right Directorate of the Gate Guards; he served in turn as prefect of Huang and Yuan and wherever he went his rule was praised. When Li Jing usurped the false throne he put him in command of the personal army and made him military governor of E. After several years he again entrusted him with military authority and transferred him to military governor of Shou. When the imperial army crossed the Huai, Renshan held firm in defense. When Shizong encamped north of his ramparts, several columns attacked together, filling ditches and breaching walls day and night without cease for months. Shizong came before the city to instruct him, but Renshan only answered with humble apologies. When the imperial carriage returned to the capital he ordered Li Chongjin to hold the siege; Renshan again seized an opening and stormed our southern camp. From then the siege grew tighter and very many inside the city died of hunger. In the winter of year three Huai rebels came to relieve the siege, forming camps at Zijin Mountain in a line along the road for tens of li, nearly reaching the walls of Shou while Chongjin's army could hardly hold; Shizong was troubled and debated campaigning in person again. When the imperial carriage reached Shouchun he ordered the present emperor to lead troops to break the host at Zijin Mountain and capture relief commander Chen Chengzhao to present. When Renshan heard the relief army was defeated he had no plan left and could only wring his wrists and sigh. When Shizong sent a flying edict on the Zijin Mountain victory to instruct him, Renshan was already gravely ill; he suddenly submitted, and the tens of thousands of troops in the city all held their breath and obeyed his command. When he was received at headquarters Shizong treated him very generously, gave him higher gifts, and again ordered him into the city to recover; soon he was appointed military governor of Tianping and concurrently Director of the Secretariat. On the day the appointment was issued he died at home, aged fifty-eight. When Shizong heard he sent envoys to mourn, ordered inner attendants to supervise the funeral, and posthumously enfeoffed him as Prince of Pengcheng. Later his son Chongzan was made prefect of Huai. Renshan was light with wealth and heavy toward scholars; his laws were stern; in the tight siege his son Chongjian violated military law and he at once had him beheaded—therefore with one city's troops he could hold out for years. When he surrendered his subordinates did not dare whisper in private—he had secured his descendants, and there was reason in that.
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崇贊仕周，累為郡守。 幼子崇諒，後自江南歸於本朝，亦位至省郎。
Chongzan served Zhou and successively governed prefectures. His youngest son Chongliang later returned from Jiangnan to the court and also rose to a secretariat post.